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15314 Welton Drive, East Cleveland, Ohio
This grand house was built in the 1850s, facing Euclid Avenue. The full story, including a historic painting of the structure, may be found on Cleveland Area History.
I had just finished telling Ian how Taiwan seems to usually not take shortcuts when it comes to engineering and infrastructure. Container columns make me rethink this statement.
Built in 1970-1974, this Modern International-style skyscraper was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Fazlur Rahman Khan for Sears, Roebuck and Company, replacing their earlier headquarters in Chicago’s North Lawndale neighborhood where the company had been since 1905. The Sears, Roebuck and Company headquarters remained in the building until 1994, when they moved to a new suburban office park in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. The Sears Tower stands 108 stories and 1,451 feet (442 meters) tall, becoming the tallest building in Chicago in 1972, surpassing the Aon Center, which had held the title for only a month, and surpassing the height of the Empire State Building in New York City in early 1973. The building surpassed the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City when it topped out on May 3, 1973, and was the world’s tallest building from 1973 until 1998, when the spires of the Petronas Towers were completed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The building, however, did not hold the title of the world’s tallest structure, being surpassed by several communication towers, and did not hold the designation as the tallest structure in North America, as the CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada stood 350 feet taller, but as the CN Tower does not have habitable floors for much of its height, it is not defined as a building. The building also did not hold the designation of having the world’s tallest pinnacle height until 2000, with the 1,500-foot antennas atop the older John Hancock Building to the northeast being taller than the building upon its completion, and the 1,727-foot high antenna atop One World Trade Center holding the designation for decades. The land for the building was acquired by Sears in 1970, and involved the closure of one block of Quincy Street, as well as the acquisition and demolition of two blocks full of buildings. The construction process was fraught with difficulties as bad weather and labor strikes delayed the project, with five workers dying during construction. The building also faced controversy over the tower blocking television signals being broadcast from other towers in the Chicago Loop, which was the subject of lawsuits during construction that ultimately led to the building receiving broadcast antennas atop the roof, resulting in its eventual distinctive silhouette and height of 1,729 feet from the ground to the top of the western antenna after it was extended in 2000. The building was also the first structure in the Chicago Loop to feature blinking FAA beacons to warn air traffic atop the roof, due to its height. The building was not fully leased for over a decade due to its immense size and a massive wave of office construction around the time it was built, leading to a 50% vacancy rate during the 1970s and much of the 1980s.
The building was designed as a clustered series of nine 75-foot square tubes of varying heights within the structural grid of the building’s 225-foot square footprint, with the full site being occupied by the building on the lower floors, gradually tapering as various tubes terminate on the upper floors, eventually leaving only two tubes at the top that rise from the base of the site. Two tubes, at the southeast and northwest corners, rise 50 floors, with the tubes at the southwest and northeast corners rising 66 floors, the tubes in the middle of the south, north, and east sides of the building rising 90 floors, and the central tube and the tube in the middle of the west side of the building rising the full 108 floors of the building’s overall height. This system of construction and method of design was highly economical, and has been repeated by subsequent supertall skyscrapers, including the Burj Khalifa. The exterior of the building is clad in anodized aluminum, which has been painted black, with columns evenly spaced 15 feet apart on the exterior, with bronze-tinted ribbon windows, and bands of louvers at the mechanical floors. The building was renovated in 1984, with a shopping center being added to the first four floors of the building, and a visitor center was added for the building’s skydeck observation deck. The building has two lobbies, one on the north side of the building, utilized by office tenants, and one on the south side of the building, utilized for visitors, with the entrances being located on the first floor and ground floor of the building, respectively, due to the grade change and sloping of the site from north to south. The lobbies contain artworks by Jacob Hashimoto and Olafur Eliasson, a sculpture honoring Fazlur Rahman Khan, and from 1974 until 2017, the building’s lobby housed a notable sculpture by Alexander Calder, which was removed during the building’s renovations. The 103rd floor of the building houses the skydeck observation deck, which features several boxes made entirely of glass that extend outside of the building’s exterior walls and allow visitors a 180-degree viewing experience of the city outside, outwards, above, and below their feet, with the glass floors of the boxes allowing visitors to see the streets below.
The building today is the third-tallest in the western hemisphere, being surpassed by the new One World Trade Center in 2014 and Central Park Tower in 2020, both in New York City, and the twenty-third tallest building in the world, with the list now being dominated by towers in Asia. However, despite its reduced status on the world stage, the building remains the tallest in Chicago. In 2009, the building’s naming rights were sold to Willis Group, which renamed the building the Willis Tower, with Sears having sold the tower in 1994 and the naming rights in 2003. The tower’s original namesake, a far cry from the robust and successful company it was a half-century ago, is now bankrupt and on the verge of going defunct. In 2017-2022, the building underwent a substantial renovation that involved the addition of a three-story podium, which wraps the base of the tower, and replacing building's original plaza and entrances. The new podium contains a food hall, two lobbies, and an atrium with a glass roof, with the exterior matching the appearance of the original building, with the exception of a dynamic sculptural facade on the exterior of the previously existing mechanical ventilation shaft along Jackson Boulevard. The building houses multiple office tenants with retail space in the base, and attracts many visitors annually who mostly visit to ascend to the skydeck and view the city from the building’s impressive height.
Estructura. Conjunto de partes para formar un todo. Es tan fuerte como la parte mas débil del todo.
Structure. Set of parts into a whole. Is as strong as the weakest part of the whole.
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The cathedral is located in the Cathedral Hill neighbourhood of San Francisco, California. The present cathedral replaced one (1891-1962) of the same name. The cathedral was designed by local architects John Michael Lee, Paul A. Ryan and Angus McSweeney, collaborating renown architects Pier Luigi Nervi and Pietro Belluschi — at the time, the Dean of the School of Architecture at MIT.
Its saddle roof is composed of eight segments of hyperbolic paraboloids, in such a fashion that the bottom horizontal cross section of the roof is a square and the top cross section is a cross.
In 2017, Architecture Digest named it one of the 10 most beautiful churches in the United States.
By Kristin Szuda
Alfred Newton Richards Medical Research and Biology Building, Philadelphia PA
Part of Louis Kahn: The Power of Architecture (July-October 2014)
The American architect Louis Kahn is one of the great master builders of the 20th Century. Kahn created buildings of monumental beauty with powerful universal symbolism.
...This new exhibition at the Design Museum explores Kahn’s work and legacy through architectural models, original drawings, travel sketches, photographs and films; bringing to life his singular career and diverse output.
[Design Museum]
Launch of the 2018 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Economic Development in Africa (EDAR) Report titled: "Migration for Structural Transformation."
Near southern end of Letchworth State Park. Several dogs associated with this property began barking and moving towards me as I shot this.
At the London Festival of Architecture, a temporary installation by Foster & Partners housing a sound sculpture (sea sounds) by Bill Fontana.
The greatest place to meet structural builders in Leicestershire is at LRBS. You can contact us for everything you need relating to your building work, whether creating a new structure or fixing an existing one. LRBS is a family-run business that provides services throughout Leicester and Leicestershire. We have built a solid reputation over the years by offering our customers top-notch work and consistent, trustworthy service. We maintain health and safety precautions for every job, have comprehensive insurance, and follow all building regulations.
15314 Welton Drive, East Cleveland, Ohio
This grand house was built in the 1850s, facing Euclid Avenue. The full story, including a historic painting of the structure, may be found on Cleveland Area History.
Taken during a recent live fire exercise we had. More pictures and a timelapse of the house burning down on my blog.
The structure of this rail bridge is all business - a rational reason for each gusset and rivet - except the radius on the corner gussets at the top of the column. A straight cut for the plate and flange would have saved a bit of money. Some civil engineer exercising just a bit of artistry.
Just some photos of three matching candle holders. They are hand crafted out of 1/4" thick steel sheet.
National Naval Aviation Museum
F7U Cutlass
Boasting a unique "tailless" design, the F7U Cutlass incorporated a number of new and advanced features for its time. Designed by Rex Beisel, who also designed the unconventional looking F4U Corsair, the F7U was ahead of its time and the capabilities of available power plants, resulting in its nickname the "Gutless Cutlass." Structural shortcomings and its underpowered engines plagued it, resulting in several deaths and the loss of over a quarter of all F7Us built to operational accidents.
With a history of producing unconventional aircraft, Chance Vought began work on a tailless, swept-wing jet in June 1945. The F7U was the final aircraft designed by Rex Beisel, who also designed the TS-1, the Navy's first aircraft built specifically for carrier operations, and the famed F4U Corsair. Designated the XF7U-1 Cutlass, the prototype made its first flight in September 1948, but experienced immediate difficulties. All three XF7U-1 prototypes crashed, as did two of the first fourteen production aircraft eventually ordered by the Navy. Subsequently, a 1949 order for 88 F7U-2s was canceled in favor of the F7U-3, which incorporated many improvements. It was still underpowered, however, and had a potentially deadly nose-wheel design. The former trait produced the aircraft's unofficial moniker "Gutless Cutlass." All told, over a quarter of all F7Us built were destroyed in accidents.
Variants of the Cutlass equipped a number of Navy squadrons, among them the F7U-3M, which was flown by Attack Squadron (VA) 83 in March 1956, when it went aboard the carrier USS Intrepid (CVA-11), becoming the first Navy squadron to deploy overseas with missiles.
Accepted in June 1954, the F7U-3M Cutlass (Bureau Number 129655) on display in the Museum was stricken from the Navy inventory in 1957. Displayed for many years in Griffith Park in Los Angeles, the aircraft was restored during the early 1990s and arrived at the Museum in 1993.
SPECIFICATIONS
Manufacturer:Chance Vought Division of United Aircraft
Type:Fighter
Crew:Pilot
Powerplant:Two 4,600 lb. static thrust Westinghouse J46-WE-8A turbojets with afterburners
Dimensions:
Length: 44 ft., 3 in.
Height: 14 ft., 7 in.
Wingspan: 38 ft., 8 in.
Weight:
Empty: 18,210 lb.
Gross: 31,642 lb.
Performance:
Max Speed: 680 mph at 10,000 ft.
Ceiling: 40,000 ft.
Range: 660 miles
Armament:
Four 20mm forward-firing cannon and provision for four Sparrow I missiles
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F9F-6 Cougar
Introduced in 1953 as the swept-swing successor to the F9F Panther, the Cougar was intended for combat over Korea, but arrived too late for the war. The Cougar saw its sole combat in Vietnam, where four two-seat training versions of the aircraft served briefly as forward air control aircraft. The Cougar was an excellent product nonetheless; on 1 April 1954, F9F-6s accomplished the first transcontinental flights to be completed in less than 4 hours, and training variants of the aircraft were used until 1974.
On 18 March 1953, a newspaper headline in the Nevada State Journal announced the news of Soviet MiG-15s intercepting an Air Force RB-50 reconnaissance aircraft operating near Siberia. Appearing below this story, a smaller article reported the Navy grooming a new jet aircraft capable of dueling with the MiG-15 in the skies over Korea. That aircraft was the F9F-6 Cougar, a follow-up design to Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation's F9F-2/5 Panther that served throughout the Korean War.
The F9F-6 bore a striking resemblance to its predecessor, but featured a 35 degree swept wing that improved performance from Mach 0.79 to 0.86 at sea level and to 0.895 at 35,000 ft. Follow-on versions incorporated a larger fuel capacity to extend range as well as a modified wing and canopy design.
The Korean War ended before the Cougar arrived in theater, the aircraft instead making its mark in more peaceful endeavors. On 1 April 1954, a trio of Fighter Squadron (VF) 21 F9F-6s completed the first transcontinental flights ever made in under four hours, with record times for the 2,438 mile flight from San Diego to Floyd Bennett Field, New York, of 3 hours, 35 minutes, and 30 seconds; 3 hours, 46 minutes, and 49 seconds; and 3 hours, 48 minutes. The Cougar was also the first swept wing airplane flown by the Blue Angels flight demonstration team (1957-1959).
Nearly 2,000 Cougars were produced for the Navy and Marine Corps, serving as fighter, ground attack, photo reconnaissance, and training aircraft. The first flight of the two-seat trainer version of the F9F-8 Cougar, designated the F9F-8T, was made on 4 April 1956. The Navy acquired 377 F9F-8Ts between 1956 and 1960. They were used for carrier and advanced flight training and, since they were equipped to be armed with twin 20mm cannon and could carry bombs or missiles, for weapons training as well. The -8T was redesignated TF-9J in 1962. The last flight of a TF-9J was made by a Training Squadron (VT) 4 student in February 1974. Ironically, it would be this training version that took the Cougar into hostile skies, a small number of them flown for a time in Vietnam as forward air control aircraft with Marine Headquarters and Maintenance Squadron (H&MS) 11.
The Museum's F9F-6 Cougar (Bureau Number 128109) was accepted by the Navy in April 1953, and served until 1959. It arrived at the Museum thirty years later.
SPECIFICATIONS
Manufacturer:Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation
Type: Fighter
Crew: Pilot
Powerplant: One 7,250 lb. static thrust Pratt & Whitney J-48-P-8A turbojet
Dimensions:
Length: 44 ft., 5 in.
Height: 12 ft., 3 in.
Wingspan: 34 ft.; 6 in.
Weight:
Empty: 11,866 lb.
Gross: 24,763 lb.
Performance:
Max Speed: 705 mph
Ceiling: 50,000 ft.
Range: 600 miles
Armament:
Four 20mm fixed forward-firing cannon, four AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles, or 2,000 lb. of ordnance