View allAll Photos Tagged Skilled_Worker
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
Recovery Act workers at Alpha 5 at the Y-12 National Security Complex at Oak Ridge, Tenn., survey waste as part of the characterization process to determine its proper disposition path.
The embroidered clothing has been a very coveted form of clothing which the women of Pakistan like very much. The SME is a major source of supply for these kind of clothing and which made at various in-house facilities and where the workers prepare these stuff. The development of clothing involves great hardship and very minutely the activity is performed by the KARIGARS (skilled workers) of this industry.
The occasion of wedding is the even which is specially considered for wearing the kind of clothing when and where the brides chose different colors and varieties of designs of embroidered clothing.
From the ROM:
The Rotunda, dedicated in honour of Ernest and Elizabeth Samuel, is the Museum’s ceremonial entrance hall.
Charles T. Currelly, the first director of the Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology, conceived of this mosaic introduction for the 1933 addition. The mosaic ceiling was designed to reflect the breadth of the collections, being adorned with patterns and symbols representing cultures throughout the ages and around the world.
The ceiling is made from thousands of sheets of imported Venetian glass, cut into more than a million tiny coloured squares. A team of skilled workers laboured for eight months to install the ceiling.
Its sparkling gold, rust and bronze background is inset with red, blue and turquoise patterns, recalling the magnificent mosaics of the Byzantine world and Eastern Europe. Worked out on the golden field are geometrical borders and panels which frame decorative floral designs. The central panel is inscribed with a passage from the Book of Job in the Old Testament: "That all men may know his work".
16 pictorial images symbolize different cultures throughout history:
Representing the early cultures of the Americas:
- Bison from a cave painting
- Eagle from a northwest coast crest pole
- Inca thunder god, holding snakes representing bolts of lightning
Symbols of classical cultures of the Mediterranean:
- Egyptian falcon
- Mythical Greek sea-horse
- Romulus and Remus; legendary founders of Rome
Symbols of the ancient cultures of Asia:
- Winged bull, Assyria
- Magical elephant, India
- Three-clawed dragon, China
Symbols of European cultures:
- Winged lion of St. Mark, emblem of Venice
- Heraldic griffin of Gothic art
- Fountain of Lions, from Islamic Alhambra in Spain
Ancient architecture:
- Mesopotamian ziggurat
- Egyptian “pylon”, entrance to a temple complex
- Classical Greek temple
- Mayan temple from Central America
The B.C. government is investing $29.2 million to renew trades facilities at Camosun College - a key part of B.C.'s new Skills and Training Plan.
The renovation and expansion of Camosun's Interurban facilities will ensure future heavy-duty mechanics, shipbuilders and other skilled workers will be able to get the training they need on southern Vancouver Island.
The Honourable John Yap, Minister of Advanced Education, Innovation and Technology, and Honourable Ida Chong, Minister of Aboriginal Rights and Reconciliation, made the announcement today at Camosun’s Interurban campus.
www.newsroom.gov.bc.ca/2012/09/trades-renewal-begins-at-c...
September 18, 2019 11:38 AM
Brexiteer Ratcliffe to build Land Rover rival
Britain’s richest man will build a rival to Land Rover’s Defender SUV in the UK, creating hundreds of jobs at a time when the country's auto industry is in retreat amid falling sales and uncertainty surrounding Brexit.
Billionaire Jim Ratcliffe’s Ineos Group will assemble the Grenadier in Bridgend, Wales, near an engine plant earmarked for closure by Ford Motor, while building the frame and body in Portugal, the company said Wednesday. The vehicle will go on sale in 2021.
Ratcliffe, an outspoken proponent of Brexit with a $19 billion fortune, is committing to the plan barely a week after Jaguar Land Rover unveiled a revamped version of the 70-year-old Defender.
Ineos is not worried that tariffs and customs checks likely to come after Brexit will disrupt production. Every day, thousands of cars, components and engines move between Britain and the European continent, with many parts arriving at production lines just moments before they are fitted to models, meaning any border delays would snarl up production.
Engines for Ineos' British-built car will come from a BMW plant in Austria while the frame and body will come from a new plant in Estarejja, Portugal. Production should eventually reach 25,000 vehicles a year,
"By the time we get to manufacture, whatever has happened will have happened and the non-tariff barriers will have been overcome or we will have worked our way round them," Corporate Affairs Director Tom Crotty said.
Ineos, which is a petrochemicals company, is betting that the back-to-basics Grenadier will appeal to the iconic Defender's original core buyers, who view the sleeker new Defender unveiled at the Frankfurt auto show this month as unpractical and pricey.
“We don’t see the new Defender as being in the same space,” Mark Tennant, commercial director at Ineos Automotive, said in an interview. “What we are doing is utilitarian.”
The Bridgend factory will aim to take on skilled workers from the Ford site, which employs about 1,700 people and is set to shut by September 2020. Ineos is investing 600 million pounds ($750 million) in the project, and expects to create as many as 500 jobs in Bridgend.
Ratcliffe devised the new car after failing in a bid to bring back the original Defender when stricter emissions rules prompted JLR to end production in 2016. Ineos Automotive said in March it had selected BMW to supply gasoline and diesel engines to the vehicle.
Ineos Automotive CEO Dirk Heilmann said the car is also likely to be offered with alternative propulsion at some point, though a conventional battery-electric setup wouldn’t be very practical in some locations where the vehicle might be used, making fuel cells and hydrogen more attractive.
The Grenadier is named after the public house in London where Ratcliffe has said the idea for a new go-anywhere off-roader was hashed out. The starting price is expected to be 25,000 pounds, although Tennant would only say that it would be “affordable.”
Two-thirds of sales are likely to be in Europe and the U.S., with the rest in Asia, Africa and the rest of the world.
JLR's starting price on the new Defender, which will be produced in Slovakia, is 40,000 pounds. While the latest Defender retains many traditional design elements and claims industry-leading off-road capabilities, it comes with modern twists such as a plug-in electric option, retractable sun roof and an infotainment system.
That may mean it appeals more to drivers who occasionally go off-road rather than a clientele spanning farmers, gamekeepers, explorers, game wardens and aid workers. Ineos believes that it can target this niche.
JLR, now owned by India’s Tata Motors, grappled for a couple of years with whether to build a new Defender and was persuaded partly by the global following for a car of which more than 2 million have been built, with around 70 percent thought to survive today.
Ratcliffe, 66, a former Exxon Mobil executive, built Ineos by acquiring unwanted petrochemical assets from major oil companies.
The group has also dipped its toes in fashion with the acquisition of motorcycle-wear label Belstaff, soccer through the purchase of French team Nice and Switzerland’s Lausanne, and cycling via the purchase of Tour de France-winning Team Sky, now Team Ineos.
Reuters contributed to this report
"Training the next generation of Chicago’s manufacturing professionals” for People category submitted by CRRC Sifang America.
CRRC Sifang America’s new state-of-the-art $100 million facility in the Hegewisch neighborhood is manufacturing 846 passenger railcars for the Chicago Transit Authority. The initial group of production workers are currently manufacturing the first ten 7000 Series railcars. It is truly a team effort to manufacture the railcars that will replace nearly half of CTA’s current fleet. This photo illustrates the importance of employee training and collaboration amongst the staff as Team Leads help their coworkers perfect their skills. The first group of skilled workers will train future production employees hired by CRRC. Currently, CRRC has more than 80 employees at its facility on the southeast side of Chicago, and it plans to hire an additional 90 employees in 2020 when the 7000 Series passenger railcars go into full production."
Pan America uses a unique anti-crease formula for its wrinkle free shirts and trousers. Each piece is cured and treated properly under high-pressure steam and extreme temperatures, at the same time ensuring that they do not sag or wilt. While automation is use extensively, many of our steps rely on the keen eyes and able hands of a team of skilled workers trained to deliver excellence.
Visit : www.panamerica.in
The B.C. government is investing $29.2 million to renew trades facilities at Camosun College - a key part of B.C.'s new Skills and Training Plan.
The renovation and expansion of Camosun's Interurban facilities will ensure future heavy-duty mechanics, shipbuilders and other skilled workers will be able to get the training they need on southern Vancouver Island.
The Honourable John Yap, Minister of Advanced Education, Innovation and Technology, and Honourable Ida Chong, Minister of Aboriginal Rights and Reconciliation, made the announcement today at Camosun’s Interurban campus.
www.newsroom.gov.bc.ca/2012/09/trades-renewal-begins-at-c...
The Integrated Policy Exercise provides students with a week-long opportunity to work intensively on a policy issue. All students participate as part of a team representing different constituencies with an interest in the problem being studied. Working in groups of 7 to 10, students are assigned a role such as lobbying firm, public official, or economic group. Groups develop policy positions and prepare a political strategy to achieve their goal(s). More on IPE: fordschool.umich.edu/ipe
The Winter 2015 IPE, “Bolstering Detroit's Economic Renewal through Skilled Workers: Implementing Governor Snyder's Visa Plan” took place on January 5, 6, and 9, 2015 at the Ford School’s Joan and Sanford Weill Hall, and at the Detroit Institute of Arts in Detroit, MI. More on the 2015 topic and simulated media coverage: sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/fordschool-ipe-2015/home
More than 30 Aboriginal communities in partnership with 14 public post-secondary education institutions are delivering education and skills training programs to help 581 Aboriginal learners secure jobs in sectors facing a demand for skilled workers.
Richie worked 11 years as a Class C electrician replacing motherboards in the cockpits of aircraft for Spirit Airways. He's been on the street just over 3 months and is trying to get back to work, using the Broad Street Mission's computers to submit resumes. He's not the only highly skilled worker to be forced into homelessness.
"I am 37 years old. I have 7 kids. I built this house for my kids
to feel so good and to safety."
"...There is no way to get built again. Nothing in Gaza.
I don't see any future." news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/7926780.stm
Neither do we.
No jobs. Supplies on docks. Banks won't lend.
Millions of skilled workers without jobs--in the summer--the building
season in the U.S.
The Mechanics' Institute of 1861, another fine building in Guisborough, Cleveland (or North Yorkshire if you prefer), now used as a shop.
Mechanics' Institutes provided adult education for working men, particularly in technical subjects, and were intended to create more knowledgable and skilled workers and to keep them away from gambling and pubs. The Institutes could provide a lending library, lecture courses, laboratories and sometimes a museum (from Wikipedia)
Pan America uses a unique anti-crease formula for its wrinkle free shirts and trousers. Each piece is cured and treated properly under high-pressure steam and extreme temperatures, at the same time ensuring that they do not sag or wilt. While automation is use extensively, many of our steps rely on the keen eyes and able hands of a team of skilled workers trained to deliver excellence.
Visit : www.panamerica.in
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
The B.C. government is investing $29.2 million to renew trades facilities at Camosun College - a key part of B.C.'s new Skills and Training Plan.
The renovation and expansion of Camosun's Interurban facilities will ensure future heavy-duty mechanics, shipbuilders and other skilled workers will be able to get the training they need on southern Vancouver Island.
The Honourable John Yap, Minister of Advanced Education, Innovation and Technology, and Honourable Ida Chong, Minister of Aboriginal Rights and Reconciliation, made the announcement today at Camosun’s Interurban campus.
www.newsroom.gov.bc.ca/2012/09/trades-renewal-begins-at-c...
Pan America uses a unique anti-crease formula for its wrinkle free shirts and trousers. Each piece is cured and treated properly under high-pressure steam and extreme temperatures, at the same time ensuring that they do not sag or wilt. While automation is use extensively, many of our steps rely on the keen eyes and able hands of a team of skilled workers trained to deliver excellence.
Visit : www.panamerica.in
Abhinav possesses experience on wide spectrum of visa processes of every countries and serving its clients since 1994. We offer services on all popular visa class such as skilled workers migration, permanent residence, business and investors programs covering immigration destinations like Canada, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Schengen zone, Singapore and Hong Kong.
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
"St John's Kirk is the oldest standing building in Perth, and is one of the most important parish kirks in Scotland. It was first mentioned in 1126, and has played a central part in the life of the burgh. The original building was completed by 1241, when the Kirk was dedicated by the Bishop of St Andrews, but it has undergone many alterations since then. In 1440 a new choir was built, now the oldest remaining part of the building. The nave was rebuilt later in the century.
- "The best known incident to take place [here] was John Knox's sermon against idolatry, preached on May 11, 1559. Some of the congregation (Knox referred to them as "the rascal multitude") took him at his word, stoned the priest, stripped the church of all its fittings and ornaments, then ran to the Greyfriars, Blackfriars, and Charterhouse monasteries and stripped them down to their bare walls. [Wtf?] After the reformation, partitions were erected to divide the church into 3, the East, Middle and West Kirks, each with its own congregation and minister." www.perthcity.co.uk/attractions-and-leisure/buildings-mon... www.scottish-places.info/parishes/parhistory555.html My great x 3 grandparents (Mom's Mom's Mom's Dad's parents) and the bride's parents, my great 4 grandparents, were married in this church, specifically the 'East Church Parish'. (See below.)
- St. John's has the finest collection of post-Reformation church plate in Scotland. And the collection of medieval bells is the largest to have survived in Great Britain.
- Perth's old name 'St. John's town' was a reference to this kirk.
www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/perth/stjohnskirk/
- Here's a virtual 3D tour.: youtu.be/SXPN0PN4MSc?si=IBGZ4Ils7mS_-Kch
- The following's only of interest to close family or to those on my Mom's Mom's side. (It's a dry repository of info. re my Mom's Mom's tree.): My great great grandparents (Mom's Mom's Dad's folks), George McLaren Jr. and Helen/Ellen Marshall, were married in Perth in 1853, but not in this. They were members of the 'Free Church', a popular denomination at the time, and although it was only 10 years old in 1853, there were a number of Free church bldg.s in and @ town back then. "The Free Church of Scotland was formed in 1843 when most of the evangelical ministers in the Church of Scotland resigned because of state interference in its internal affairs. ... Under a system known as Patronage, landowners could nominate and present ministers to congregations, irrespective of whether those ministers were evangelical or even whether the congregation wanted them. This was regarded by many as totally unacceptable. ... The result was that in 1843, in what became known as 'The Disruption', [the] new denomination was formed. ... Immediately following the Disruption, Perth - 'where the Scottish Reformation first sprang from thought into action' - had 5 Free Church congregations." www.knoxchurchperth.com/history.html It's also possible that the marriage record which indicates that they were residing in Kippen near Stirling at that time indicates 'Perth' as their place of marriage as shorthand for 'Perthshire', as they both originally hailed from towns in that county north of the city (but not far north).
- BUT I've learned that a generation earlier, a pair of great x 3 grandparents (Mom's Mom's Mom's Dad's folks), David Greig and Elizabeth "Whittock" (sic, Whittet), were married in Perth in THIS church in the mid 1820s, specifically in the 'East Church Parish' portion or division of it (as witnessed by church 'elder Robert Duncan'. I don't know of any ancestors in my tree who married younger. The groom was 15 or 16 and already a shoemaker, and the bride was 13, 14 or 15 [most likely 13].) Census records are contradictory as to whether their son Robert, my great great grand-dad, was born in Perth or Edinburgh (most likely Edinburgh; 3 records indicate Perth and 2 Edinburgh, but those 2 are the earliest [neither is a baptismal record]; if he misrepresented his place of birth as Perth, that might be a red flag that he wasn't proud of his childhood or of his roots in Edinburgh), but his Dad, David, the young groom, was born in Edinburgh and the young bride, Elizabeth, was born and/or raised in Inchture, Perthshire in the 'Carse of Gowry', much closer to Dundee than to this city. How did the young couple meet? (Her family was living in Perth [per the registry] when her elder and younger sisters were baptized here in this church, so the family seems to have moved back and forth some. But it's also possible that the parents had commuted from Inchture to baptize their daughters here and that the minister or registrar was careless or assumed the family was Perthian when he wrote those entries in the register [despite his impressive handwriting].) AND Elizabeth's parents, Alexander Whittet and Helen/Nellie Mackie, were married in this church as well another generation earlier by the august Rev. James Scott. artuk.org/discover/artworks/reverend-james-scott-of-perth... My great x 3 grandmother Elizabeth's parents spent some time in Perth, but did one of them have roots here? (More re her parents below.)
- @ 15 yr.s later, the young couple David and Elizabeth Greig and their 6 kids, of whom great great granddad was the eldest, were living in 'the Northback of Canongate' in Edinburgh, a slum then, while great x 3 granddad worked as a 'Bootcloser'. www.watercolourworld.org/collections/8ee47a53-02c0-3ba8-9... 10 yr.s later, he'd become a 'Master' shoemaker employing 2 people (incl. his son, great great granddad, I think, who'd been an apprentice 10 yr.s earlier) and the family had moved to an apt. in the "3rd House Right hand" in Skinner's close on the High st. at its west end near the castle (the ultimate in prime real estate today), the low entrance to which is now covered by a convex mirror.: www.tiktok.com/@andy_highlander/video/7208633282970340614 in the Parish of Tron church. www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/8193/skinners-c... www.google.com/maps/@55.9489106,-3.195509,3a,90y,353.68h,... (The impressive courtyard behind the entrance isn't on google maps.) My great x 3 grandmother Elizabeth's death record indicates both Skinner's Close and 64 High st. further east as her address (?). She was living as a widow in a small apt. at 64 High st. 2 yr.s earlier at age 48.
- Great great granddad's father-in-law (Mom's Mom's Mom's Mom's Dad), Archibald Menzies, was baptized in the city of Perth @ 20 yr.s earlier, but in 'the Gaelic chapel' built in 1787, which served Highlander immigrants to the city until the mid-19th-cent. Services were conducted in Gaelic there. (Archibald's mother hailed from a coastal town on the Firth of Moray not far east of Inverness [see below], and his father hailed from a gaelophone region in Perthshire, quite possibly in or @ Weem or Dull in north Perthshire.) The bldg.'s been the venue for a succession of night-clubs much more recently ('Electric Whispers' and 'ZOO Nightclub'), but was demolished in 2016. www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/perths-zoo-nightclub-to...
- My grandmother and both of her parents were born and raised in Edinburgh, but again 2 of her grandparents, her Dad's folks George McLaren Jr. and Helen/Ellen Marshall, were born in Perthshire. Her Dad's Mom's folks, Joseph Marshall/Marshal and Margaret Chalmers, were married in Auchtergaven aka Bankfoot, a town north of Perth (Margaret's hometown) and lived as newlyweds in Methven, a town only 6-8 clicks west of Perth (Joseph's hometown evidently) in the mid-1820s, but were back living in Bankfoot 15 yr.s later. youtu.be/1S30LCwC6GY?si=WlB0G9vi1xpvINCC While Margaret was raised in that town, she was born in Ireland to a James Chalmers and a Margaret Cameron, and was 3 or 4 years of age when her young family moved to Bankfoot in 1802 or 1803. But an extant baptismal record for a James sired by a David Chalmers (from Bankfoot) and a Margaret Rorey/Rory (from 'Little Dunkeld' youtube.com/shorts/lF9_mipSUVg?si=rvvPQt2hb234gBIE where Niel Gow is buried www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GEcRirHlqE&list=RD3GEcRirHlq... ) in 1771 in Bankfoot (specifically 'Coltrannie', the site of a farm on the outskirts of town and of a tower named Coldrayny or Koldrayny in the 16th cent. www.stravaiging.com/history/castle/coltrannie/ ) seems to be a match for her father. (It's an exact match for his age per his tombstone; he named his first son David; and Chalmers were in abundance in Bankfoot in the 1770s, incl. another James born in 1775. I haven't found any Chalmers in the Irish records, but which are as patchy as they are following the fire in the archives in Dublin in 1922. [Baptisms and marriages of Presbyterians were only recognized in Ireland if performed by a minister of the 'Church of Ireland' until as late as the mid-19th cent. - !] "There were 81 with [that] surname in Ireland in 1911" according to barrygriffin.com.) If the baptismal record's a match (and I think it is), James had travelled to Ireland (to find work? or a wife? see below) where he likely met and married great x 4 grandma Agnes Cameron, sired Margaret and 2 of her sisters there, and then moved his family back to his home in Bankfoot where he and Agnes sired 9 more kids. Cameron is a Scots surname ("There were 860 with [that] surname in Ireland in 1911" per barrygriffin.com), Margaret's parents were Presbyterian and skilled workers in the linen-weaving industry, which in Ireland in @ 1800 was based in 3 co.s in Ulster, Scots-Irish 'plantation country', and 2 contiguous co.s to the south and west, and so it's likely the young Chalmers family was living in Co. Antrim or Down before they moved to Bankfoot. It follows that if Agnes Cameron was Irish, and again it's likely she was, she was almost certainly 'Scots-Irish'.
- My grandmother told me that her paternal grandmother Helen/Ellen Marshall was Irish in response to questions in a discussion at the table with my Mom in our home in the late 80s, and said so in a tone of admission. She said that her mother "didn't like her mother-in-law because she was Irish" to paraphrase. (! She didn't say much about the Irish in Edinburgh, just enough to give the impression that they had a poor reputation as impoverished people who would beg for $. "Irish immigrants were frequently blamed [in early 20th cent. Scotland] for social problems like overcrowding, disease, crime, and drunkenness, even though these issues stemmed from the poverty and poor housing conditions they were forced to endure." [Google A.I.] I'm very proud of my Irish roots on my Dad's side, myself.) She was honest (e.g., she was candid about her grandmother's [her Mom's Mom's] death from a tapeworm infection) and had told this to my Mom years earlier evidently. (Mom said that the Scots and Irish are "really the same people, you know", to paraphrase.) But she was wrong on two counts. 1. Again, the records reveal that her grandmother was born and raised in Perthshire; rather, it was HER mother Margaret who was born (but not raised) in Ireland, and it seems that it was Margaret's mother Agnes who was Irish (or 'Scots-Irish') while, again, Margaret's father James was Scots. If so, my grandmother's tree was 1/16th Irish or 'Scots-Irish', not 1/4. (It's also possible, but much less likely, that Agnes was Scots and married James somewhere in Scotland [she didn't hail from Bankfoot] before moving with him to Ireland to start their young family. The truth is that James would've done well to go to Ulster to look for a wife as he would've been a catch there in the 1790s for any young Scots-Irish woman with an interest in emigrating. The Scots-Irish experienced economic hardship then, and Presbyterians were subject to religious discrimination in Ulster [c/o the 'Popery Act' of 1704], but not in Scotland [of course].) And 2. Her mother wouldn't have known her mother-in-law in any event as all my grandmother's grandparents had died before her parents were married. The kernel of truth in this might be that my grandmother heard her mother tease her father or gossip about his mother Ellen's Irish roots, without knowing much about them, or my grandmother might have misapprehended her mother's information. Uncle Mac or someone remarked that the McLaren clan was considered to be Gaelic in origin (i.e. from Western Scotland, ruled from Dalriada and considered [then] to have 6th cent. roots in Ireland), while the MacGregors had (the more indigenous) Pictish roots, which might've been a point of pride for my great grandmother (whether or not it's true). And it's too, too common for one parent to promote a sense of pride in their own heritage relative to that of their spouse in the ongoing competition for filial love and devotion, which we might consider to be a mild form of 'parental alienation' today (if that's not being unkind to my great grandmother). It's likely that my great grandmother would've heard of her husband's great grandmother Agnes Cameron, for his mother Ellen, Agnes' granddaughter, had been taken in by her by the age of 12 and was living with her and 3 of her daughters (@ 25, 20 and 20) in Bankfoot while Agnes was a widow of 60, and while Ellen's 2 elder and 4 younger siblings continued to live with her parents, which of course raises questions. Agnes continued to work then (as a 'Linen yarn wind'), and I wonder if she and her daughters might've been better able to support Ellen than Ellen's parents whose hands were full with their 6 other kids. But Ellen was working as a 'Linen yard wind' too (at 12!). Hmmm. I suspect my great aunt Agnes, my grandmother's eldest sister, was named after her father's hospitable Scots-Irish great grandmother. (Btw, I think it was in that same discussion at the table that my grandmother recalled seeing Chinese women with their tiny bound feet down at the docks in Leith when she was a girl.)
- Great x 3 grandma Margaret's (much) younger sister Helen's middle name was Wyllie, for James Wylie I think who inherited the Airleywright Estate in Auchtergaven in 1806, "created feus in the villages of Bankfoot and Waterloo and offered them to [those farmers or crofters] dispossessed" by his clearances. He was probably the family's landlord. roysofauchtergaven.blogspot.com/ His son Thomas Wylie developed the 'Airleywright Linen Works' in @ 1840 at 'Graham court' in Bankfoot, a town known for its textiles heritage and its once-thriving artisan sector in which this family seems to have prospered. They lived in the 'Airleywright' neighbourhood for a time where, again, Margaret and her mother Agnes worked in the mill as 'Linen yard winds'. The Chalmers erected a large family tombstone in the kirkyard at Bankfoot (covered in 19 names over 3 or 4 generations), the only one I know of that remains standing in Scotland for any of my ancestors outside Edinburgh.
- Again it seems that my great x 3 granddad Joseph Marshall/Marshal (Mom's Mom's Dad's Mom's Dad), a stone-mason, hailed from Perthshire too. A candidate for a match (the only one extant and who appears to be a match) in Perthshire's baptismal records was born or baptized or his family was living "at Ardetie" or "Andetie" (?) in the Parish of Methven (site of 'the Battle of Methven' in 1306 at which Robert the Bruce was ambushed youtu.be/bhwlPToqQ_4?si=nKVNwCs4IoogVkMC youtu.be/xeM_yn7JzJc?si=38MdXIyYKEWdIhPt ), and where he and Margaret sired 2 kids as newlyweds in the 1820s. (So it's a good bet that that baptismal record was his.) The name of the father of that candidate for my great x 3 granddad Joseph was James and the only match for that James baptized in Methven parish per the records was sired by a James Sr. in 1770 in Cloag. ("Cloag Farm Cottages [tourist accommodations] lie just north of the village of Methven" today. www.insiderscotland.com/cloag-farm-cottages-perth/ )
- Again, my grandmother's paternal grandfather George McLaren Jr. was born in Perthshire, and there's a good candidate in the records for his father (in light of some info. which would otherwise involve two coincidences) who hailed from there as well (although he married in his mid-teens, surprisingly young, if the candidate's a match), from the town of Clunie specifically, and whose mother hailed from Clunie as well (Mom's Mom's Dad's Dad's Dad's Mom, again if the candidate for her son is a match), although not his father. (Update: The best candidate for great x 3 grandad's Dad [Mom's Mom's Dad's Dad's Dad's Dad] was a farmer from Chapelton in 'the Parish of Moulin' [French for mill], which appears to be at the site of an old dam, a great spot for a mill, currently that of the modern hydro-development [1950] where the Clunie Memorial arch stands today highland-discovery.com/point-of-interest/clunie-memorial-... , a coincidence as I stopped to tour it en route south to the town of Clunie [in my search for the 'Miller of Clunie', my great x 3 grandfather according to my Uncle Mac. Read my write-up for the photo of the Dicks in Clunie.]) It's likely that great x 3 grand-dad George Sr.'s folks married in the old medieval or Reformation-era kirk there, fragments of which, including a red sandstone portal, "have been rebuilt in a small structure that probably served as a 'Watch house' to the south of the present church [1840]". arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/corpusofscottishchurches/site.php?i... See that portal at the 1:42 min. pt. in this.: youtu.be/sT_ygdTLfpg?si=-u9getZBQlhT2MWI A good candidate for George McLaren Jr.'s mother, my great x 3 grandmother Jane Graham, is a farmer's daughter from the Drum farm near Gargunnock (where her parents were married in the lovely kirk there [built in 1628, "altered" in 1774], a town in Stirlingshire @ 13 clicks west of Stirling and @ 70 SW of Perth as the crow flies, and who had family and roots in the area. youtu.be/wg52fNYHhWQ?si=TQPdFcufAa9Tmyo2 If this candidate for Jane is a match (and there's a good chance she is), it follows that there's also a good chance that @ 1/8 of my grandmother's heritage was in Stirlingshire.
- It's probably a coincidence that the plot for the 'Grahams of Meiklewood' has such prominence in the kirk's cemetery in Gargunnock (seen in the video in the last link and here: www.pressreader.com/uk/stirling-observer/20200219/2819259... ), with carvings of helmets on its elaborate tombstones. In fact, in contrast, the paternal grandmother of this candidate for Jane, one Katharin Haldin [sic], was born "in fornication". Hers is the only one of 26 entries on a page in the local registry of baptisms without a pair of witnesses, although her paternal grandfather or uncle acted as a 'sponsor' for her baptism. (See, it's the details that make genealogy interesting.)
- My grandmother's other grandparents (her Mom's folks) were born in Edinburgh, or at least her Mom's Mom, Christina Menzies, was. Again, her Mom's Dad, Robert Greig, might've been born in Perth but it's more likely he was born in Edinburgh. And again her grandmother's father, Archibald Menzies (her Mom's Moms' Dad) was born in Perth and was baptized there in 'the Gaelic chapel', while her grandfather's mother, Elizabeth Whittet (her Mom's Dad's Mom), was from Inchture, a town in SE Perthshire, she being the 13 or 14 yr. old bride who was married in this kirk, as were her parents before her, although her elder and younger sisters were baptized in this kirk as well (?), all in the first few decades of the 19th cent. My grandmother's great x 3 grandfather James Mackie, a weaver (her Mom's Dad's Mom's Mom's Dad), lived, worked and died in Dundee in Angus, but there's conflicting evidence as to whether he sired my great x 4 grandmother Helen/Nelly Mackie in Dundee or in another county. His daughter and son-in-law both declared in a census taken in Dundee that they were born out of county (ie. not in Angus), but his daughter's death record indicates that she was born in Dundee and what might be the death record for her husband (only if there was an error in recording one digit in his age at death) indicates that he was born there too. If so, why did they marry in Perth? If not, her father James might have moved across county lines to work in Dundee's mills as so many did at @ the end of the 18th cent. One candidate for Helen/Nelly's baptismal record dates from Dec. 25 in Fintray near Aberdeen, but for a child (born in Braeside) that was a year or 2 too young. The only baptism with a match for her DoB (or w/in 10 yr.s) in Angus (sired by a tailor and former soldier in the Sutherland Fencibles and a mother from Old Marchar [ie. "Old Aberdeen"] just north of Aberdeen) has an unlikely variation of her surname. It's more likely that her baptism record didn't survive, as so many didn't. She and her husband Alexander Whittet married, lived, and worked in Perth and lived and worked in Inchture, Perthshire allegedly (near Dundee), until sometime /b/ 1825 and 1840 when they moved (or returned?) to Dundee (per the said census) to live and work there in their 50s and 60s with 4 of their children (all younger than Elizabeth, Mom's Mom's Mom's Dad's Mom, their sister) and where they lived at one point on the 'West Wynd'. Alexander (again Mom's Moms' Mom's Dad's Mom's Dad) worked as both a 'Weaver' and as a 'Cattle Dealer', and his wife Helen/Nelly died a widow at 64 in 1851 of 'Decay of Nature'. Her sons and their families lived in a house on 'Mid Wynd', the next street over from 'West Wynd', in the 1850s. www.google.ca/maps/@56.4560251,-2.9889498,3a,75y,343.02h,... (West Wynd meets Perth rd. only @ 200 m.s west of an interesting old pub, 'The George Orwell' with Orwell memorabilia. [Orwell had no connection to Dundee.]) Those 4 kids all lived out their final days in Dundee as well, but I've found no evidence that they had roots in Dundee that predate their mother Helen's parents, nor that they didn't.
- My grandmother's great great grandfather, John Menzies, her Mom's Mom's Dad's Dad, was serving with the 'Perth militia' and was stationed at Fort George on the Firth of Moray near Inverness youtu.be/qxTu7j9fZjw?si=9LC1nAJbBWCpdqPe youtu.be/7N01FQtpkMM?si=mrTB_487aFWA2V2H youtu.be/4a_OQA1GtBM?si=AUfXGpIkDX0F72WK when he met and married my great x 4 grandmother Margaret Urquhart who was living in Ardersier then, a town that serviced the fort. The best candidates for the infant Margaret in the baptismal records were baptized in towns not far east of Inverness. One would think the best would match other more reliable records (reliable in other respects) as to the date of birth, particularly when a competing candidate is a year younger. (Why would a woman claim to be a year older than she is?) The best match for Margaret in surviving records on that basis (i.e. she was born in the same year as that indicated in the later records), and in light of the geography, hails from Forres in Moray, had a mother with the maiden surname Anderson, and has traceable roots in and @ that town that stretch back to at least the early 18th cent. But Forres might have been just east of the Gàidhealtachd (Scots-Gaelic territory), and both Margaret and her husband John were gaelophones. Another candidate in the baptismal records was born in the Parish of Petty, very handy and much closer to Ardersier, and more reliably gaelophone. That Margaret would've turned the age indicated in her death record and in a final census record a little more than a month following the date of her death. (Note that people were less likely to be certain of their age in those less literate times.) She was one of 6 siblings, the first 3 of whom were baptized in the Parish of 'Croy and Dalcross', and the next 3 (or 4, she had an elder sister who was also named Margaret and who I assume died in infancy), incl. Margaret, were baptized in the Parish of Petty. Her mother was a McIntosh from "Fleeming town" or 'Flemington', or most likely Balspardon (according to one record, and which is more specific), @ 1 km. NW of 'Flemington loch' today, only 2 - 3 km.s SE of Ardersier youtu.be/WwV7tDKqKkQ?si=AsuV2L872CKlizxH , and only 5 or 6 clicks as the crow flies NW of Cawdor castle of MacBeth fame. ("All hail Macbeth. Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor." youtu.be/13WWN6rhxM4?si=lt9a27muvANhCce5 youtu.be/kEidcxBTu0E?si=fTSrJcQM3L4j9M-J youtube.com/shorts/ZFeKGImucfM?si=eejWhFHE-G9WN5w- ) The best candidate for her father in baptismal records was 14 yr.s older than her mother (and so not such a good candidate?) and was born to parents living in the "Miltown of Kilraick [or Kilrailk]" near Croy (very coincidentally as my Dad's Mom's Mom's Mom's Dad's Mom's Mom, Ann Calder, was born in that same small town in 1774 a few decades later). The mother of that (unlikely?) candidate for Margaret's father in the baptismal records was also a McIntosh. The Margaret from Forres had 4 siblings, only one of whom has a name in the marriage records in Ardersier, although one of the 'witnesses' at her wedding has the same surname but a different first name than that of her father or of either of her brothers (in the available baptismal records). By contrast, the Margaret from the parish of Petty has 3 siblings out of 5 with candidates in the marriage records in Ardersier (although their first names are common), so 4 out of 6 altogether incl. Margaret. She was living in that town in her late teens when she was engaged to be married, and it's most likely that she was living with her family then. The father of that candidate for Margaret was a weaver and might have made the move of only several km.s NW with his wife and kids for work. (Again, Ardersier services Fort George.) It's likely that that candidate for Margaret was baptized in the old kirk at Petty, replaced in 1836 by the current structure, closed today, and which adjoins the fascinating mausoleum of the 'lairds' of Clan McIntosh (1687-'88), a fixer-upper today. That clan was a prominent member of the Clan Chattan (Cat) confederacy, and twin, antique, iron sculptures of long, thin cats stretch up poles on their hind legs like brackets at either side of the entrance, which is boarded up. www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk/details/905299 I now think that that candidate for Margaret, the one baptized in the kirk that stood next to that mausoleum in Petty in the 1780s, is the better candidate (of those in the surviving records) to be my great x 4 grandmother, for what it's worth, and if so she would've had deep roots there in McIntosh country.
- Re an ancient funeral custom at Petty known as 'the Petty Step'.: "It was the custom of the people of Petty to run, not walk, at funerals. It appears the custom was given up owing to some of the bearers having tripped while carrying the coffin of an old reputed witch-woman to the churchyard and the fear that her curse might befall them. The origin of the custom can be traced to a superstition that the spirit of the last person interred in the cemetery had to keep watch and ward at the kirkyard gate until relieved by the subject of the next funeral. When two funerals took place on the same day, it was considered lucky to be the first to cross the threshold, hence the haste at Petty funerals. The custom seems to have been abandoned by 1841." www.cushnieent.com/new_moray_churches/inverness_deanery/p...
- youtu.be/MtYriTAjHZc?si=7rl71j9uyqvK_xxX
- The amazing 16th-cent. Menzies castle is in north Perthshire not far west of the A9. www.youtube.com/watch?v=INnN8JdAn98 (Menzies castle is also home to the McGregor museum, which is coincidental as my great great grandmother, a Menzies, married a Greig and the Greigs are a sept of the McGregor clan.) It might be trite to say that as Margaret's husband John, my great x 4 granddad, was serving in the 'Perth militia' and as the Menzies clan is based in Perthshire, it's likely he hailed from there too. He named his eldest son Archibald, and I've found a cluster of baptismal records for infants in his generation sired by men named Archibald Menzies, which could be significant as it was common in Scotland to name one's son after one's father or grandfather, in the historic town of Dull, Perthshire only @ 3 km.s west of Castle Menzies. Then again, that name might've gained popularity amongst Menzies in the 18th cent. in honour of 'Chieftain Capt. Archibald Menzies of Culdares' who led an expeditionary Jacobite force in 1715, but was captured and taken to London for trial on charges of high treason and rebellion. His two sons, "being handsome young men with fair complexions, disguised themselves in women's clothes, and pretending to be [his] daughters, were admitted to visit him in prison. [?] On being left with him in the condemned cell, their affection for their father was so great that they proposed that one should exchange clothes with their father, and that he should escape in that disguise. But this he nobly and peremptorily refused. ... News of his noble conduct coming to the knowledge of the Government, he received an unconditional pardon [lol], returned to his native Highlands along with his two sons, and lived 60 yr.s afterwards in his native Glenlyon - an honourable specimen of a genuine old Highland chieftain and patriarch, beloved by his own clan and people, and respected by all within the range of his acquaintance. He died in 1776." (Stewart's 'Sketches of the Highlanders', p. 46) Glenlyon is < 10 km.s west of Dull as the crow flies. Another famous Archibald Menzies, the son of 'Chieftain John Menzies of Shian and Glenquiech' aka "Muckle John Menzies", was a Jacobite commander who "call[ed] out Clan Menzies for Prince Charlie, ... [and] is the hero of Sir Walter Scott in his Waverley, where he is called by his Gaelic appellation the "Vich Ian Vohr of Glennaquoich [aka] the son of big John Menzies of Glenquiech." He marched on London with Prince Charlie and fought against the Duke of Cumberland at Clifton, where he was captured and then executed at Carlisle. electricscotland.com/webclans/m/redwhitebookofme00menz.pdf
- Of 3 candidates extant for my great x 4 grandfather's baptism ([a 4th in Dull was ruled out by the book in the last link] 3 only if the death record which seems to be a match for him IS a match and accurate), 1 was in Caputh where there's only 1 candidate for the baptism of his father (John, son of John Sr.) in that town within 55 years prior, and 2 (sired by Gomery and Robert) were in Weem, the home of Castle Menzies, only 1 of which has a father (Robert, "begotten in fornication") with candidates for his baptism in that town, 8 in total, incl. 1 Alexander and 1 John (the names of great x 3 granddad Archibald's brothers). A candidate one year younger than the death-record-match was baptized in Dull (which is linked with sister communities Boring, Oregon and Bland, New South Wales in 'the Triumvirate of Tedium' btw), where 30 candidates for the baptism for his father Duncan are extant, incl. 2 Alex'rs, 8 Johns and 2 Archibalds, and where the name Archibald Menzies seems to assert itself. Consider: One candidate 2 yr.s younger was born in Kenmore, 5 km.s SW of Dull; 9 candidates for his father Donald were sired in Dull /b/ 1724 and 1764, 2 by Johns and 1 by an Archibald. And one 3 years younger was sired in Dull by an Archibald, and whose 4 siblings incl. a Donald and an Archibald Jr.; Archibald Sr. "in Monzie par." married Betty Anderson in 'Monzievaird and Strowan' near Crieff, @ 30 km.s south of Dull. Although that Archibald was listed as "in Monzie par.", he and Betty moved to Dull as newlyweds, which I suspect was that Archibald's home town. Many families of Menzies still live in the vicinity of the castle in Weem and Dull. Any roots in that area on that branch of my tree must run deep.
- Here's a tour of the Menzies Mausoleum in the Old Kirk of Weem (less than 500 m.s from the Castle).: youtu.be/_GPpuWCKawk?si=mDmONXlsGH-EbpDC (My grandmother said "It's pronounced 'Mingis'" [Menzies], which this guide demonstrates. [Here's a short re the emergence of the letter Z in the anglicization of Scots Gaelic names.: youtube.com/shorts/kGDMftHBbTg?si=99ypPX3RaFlBpNhh ]) Here's a discussion of famous, very old stone crosses from Dull.: youtu.be/-qPRQqXf3wE?si=ZE5l5Q-9i7AthNAL Dull was once home to a legendary 7th or 8th cent. Columban monastery and kirk, one of the earliest in Scotland, founded by St. Adomnán, an abbot of Iona and the biographer of Columba, who once cast the evil spirit of the plague into a rock and who was buried at Dull. (His famous biography of Columba includes a reference to one Arturius, a Scotti prince who died in an important and legendary battle in Argyll and who the BBC's Michael Wood presents as a candidate for the inspiration for the legend of King Arthur. Watch from the 45:30 min. pt. to 50:00 in ep. 4 of 'In Search of Myths and Heroes': youtu.be/RiKEAX4Xp4Q?si=ud7pG9WmDFIpytNN www.electricscotland.com/history/ascreen.pdf ) And here's the amazing 'Menzies monument' (1616).: youtu.be/0fSPaRXHr4E?si=W2XuHaQcwLxds9oR
- Here Jag Betty, a vlogger with charisma up the yin-yang, visits Dull and even finds the gravestone of one Archibald Menzies at the 1:55 min. pt.: youtu.be/agz19ey35kA?si=4qH-dX06UDViSo0e He and his brother 'Bro' are famous, written up in 'The Courier' www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/outdoors/2713317/strang... but this episode of his vlog has had only 136 views (as of Oct. 29, '24) since July, 2015, more PROOF that 'Bald and Bankrupt' and other less likeable types with so many millions of views per video (? - and who spew propaganda from time to time re who to vote for, etc.) in an echo-chamber of vloggers, are spooks. Youtube's in on it of course. Sigh. (I like a song Jag wrote and sings in one of his videos.: "We're going to the moon. It won't be very soon. We're going to the moon. ...")
- So in conclusion it seems likely that 6 (or more) of my grandmother's 16 great great grandparents hailed from and had roots in Perthshire, 2 were from Stirlingshire (I think), 2 lived out their later years in Angus (in Dundee) and might have been born there and had roots there, or hailed from further north in Aberdeenshire or west in Perthshire (?), 1 was from Inverness-shire or Moray further north (more likely Inverness-shire I think, possibly with roots in 'Croy and Dalcross' on her father's side), and 1 (Scots-Irish) moved to her husband's home in Perthshire as a young mother from somewhere in the north of Ireland, likely Co. Antrim or Co. Down in Ulster. 4 or 5 of those 5 or 6 (of 12) who weren't originally from Perthshire either settled there or passed through and stayed there for a while, in this city in particular. (The 2 exceptions are the 2 who [I think] were in Stirlingshire, although their daughter lived in Perthshire.) The other 4 of the 16 had 2 children /b/ them who lived in Edinburgh; one, David Greig, was born there but married in Perth (in this church, the very young groom; I write a bit more about him here: www.flickr.com/photos/97924400@N00/9572386491/in/datepost... ), but I don't know where those 4 were from. I suspect that 2 (Margaret McKenzie's parents) were victims of the Highland Clearances and possibly (or likely?) hailed from as far north as Ross (McKenzie country). Again, although Margaret bore her daughter in Edinburgh, there's a good chance she was a gaelophone as she married one. The more distant roots are a moving target, of course, on all branches. My grandmother and her siblings knew that their Dad's Dad hailed from north Perthshire, but I don't think they knew that they had as many roots and as much family history in this county and in the city of Perth as they did. (I had no clue at all when I took this.)
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBrAvAlvPxc
- This article, written in the 1880s (and linked to above re the 'East church' in St. John's Kirk) is excellent and thorough, but emphasizes how many wonderful bldg.s have been demolished in the city over the centuries, and that little stands today relative to its history.: www.scottish-places.info/parishes/parhistory555.html
- A history of Perth: www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3TYNShXSzg
- 'Traditions of Perth' re St. John's Kirk: electricscotland.com/history/perth/19TraditionsOfPerthPag...
Job seekers, parents, educators and employers in British Columbia now have more tools and information to help them explore career options, find jobs, improve skills and connect with talented employees, thanks to the launch of the enhanced WorkBC.ca website.
Learn more: www.newsroom.gov.bc.ca/2013/12/workbcca-offers-enhanced-j...
The B.C. government is investing $29.2 million to renew trades facilities at Camosun College - a key part of B.C.'s new Skills and Training Plan.
The renovation and expansion of Camosun's Interurban facilities will ensure future heavy-duty mechanics, shipbuilders and other skilled workers will be able to get the training they need on southern Vancouver Island.
The Honourable John Yap, Minister of Advanced Education, Innovation and Technology, and Honourable Ida Chong, Minister of Aboriginal Rights and Reconciliation, made the announcement today at Camosun’s Interurban campus.
www.newsroom.gov.bc.ca/2012/09/trades-renewal-begins-at-c...
Immigration Seminar With Special Focus On Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand and Denmark AND Candidates with low IELTS score SPEAKERS Ajay Sharma, Principal and founder consultant – ABHINAV, pioneer of Immigration industry in India will speak on and address all queries on Quebec (Canada) skilled worker program, Hong Kong Quality Migrant Scheme, New Zealand skilled migrant program and Denmark Green Card.
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Visit : www.panamerica.in
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
Quilted by Sue McCarty, Embroidery and piecing by Doris Thurgood, and Karen Park.
Snowmen frolic in these panels. 100's of hours went into the embroidery and quilting of this little lap quilt. It took a team of skilled workers to finish it in time for the festival.
Peter I commonly known as Peter the Great, was Tsar of all Russia from 1682, and the first Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned jointly with his half-brother Ivan V until 1696. From this year, Peter was an absolute monarch who remained the ultimate authority. His methods were often harsh and autocratic.
Most of Peter's reign was consumed by long wars against the Ottoman and Swedish Empires. Despite initial difficulties, the wars were ultimately successful and led to expansion to the Sea of Azov and the Baltic Sea, thus laying the groundwork for the Imperial Russian Navy. His victory in the Great Northern War ended Sweden's era as a great power and its domination of the Baltic region while elevating Russia's standing to the extent it came to be acknowledged as an empire. Peter led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, Westernized, and based on radical Enlightenment.
In 1700, he introduced the Gregorian calendar but the Russian Orthodox Church was particularly resistant to this change; they wanted to maintain its distinct identity and avoid appearing influenced by Catholic practices.[citation needed] In 1703, he introduced the first Russian newspaper, Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti, and ordered the civil script, a reform of Russian orthography largely designed by himself. He founded the city of Saint Petersburg on the shore of the Neva as a "window to the West" in May 1703. In 1712 Peter moved the capital from Moscow to Saint Petersburg, where it remained – with only a brief interruption – until 1918. He promoted higher education and industrialization in the Russian Empire.
Peter had a great interest in plants, animals and minerals, in malformed creatures or exceptions to the law of nature for his cabinet of curiosities. He encouraged research of deformities, all along trying to debunk the superstitious fear of monsters. The Russian Academy of Sciences and the Saint Petersburg State University were founded in 1724, a year before his death.
Peter is primarily credited with the modernization of the country, transforming it into a major European power. His administrative reforms, creating a Governing Senate in 1711, the Collegium in 1717 and the Table of Ranks in 1722 had a lasting impact on Russia, and many institutions of the Russian government trace their origins to his reign.
Early life
Peter was named after the apostle. He grew up at Izmaylovo Estate and was educated from an early age by several tutors commissioned by his father, Tsar Alexis of Russia, most notably Nikita Zotov, Patrick Gordon, and Paul Menesius. On 29 January 1676, Alexis died, leaving the sovereignty to Peter's elder half-brother, the weak and sickly Feodor III of Russia. Throughout this period, the government was largely run by Artamon Matveev, an enlightened friend of Alexis, the political head of the Naryshkin family and one of Peter's greatest childhood benefactors.
This position changed when Feodor died in 1682. As Feodor did not leave any children, a dispute arose between the Miloslavsky family (Maria Miloslavskaya was the first wife of Alexis I) and Naryshkin family (Natalya Naryshkina was his second) over who should inherit the throne. He jointly ruled with his elder half-brother, Ivan V, until 1696. Ivan, was next in line but was chronically ill and of infirm mind. Consequently, the Boyar Duma (a council of Russian nobles) chose the 10-year-old Peter to become Tsar, with his mother as regent.
This arrangement was brought before the people of Moscow, as ancient tradition demanded, and was ratified. Sophia, one of Alexis' daughters from his first marriage, led a rebellion of the Streltsy (Russia's elite military corps) in April–May 1682. In the subsequent conflict, some of Peter's relatives and friends were murdered, including Artamon Matveyev, and Peter witnessed some of these acts of political violence.
The Streltsy made it possible for Sophia, the Miloslavskys (the clan of Ivan) and their allies to insist that Peter and Ivan be proclaimed joint Tsars, with Ivan being acclaimed as the senior. Sophia then acted as regent during the minority of the sovereigns and exercised all power. For seven years, she ruled as an autocrat. A large hole was cut in the back of the dual-seated throne used by Ivan and Peter. Sophia would sit behind the throne and listen as Peter conversed with nobles, while feeding him information and giving him responses to questions and problems. He lived at Preobrazhenskoye. This throne can be seen in the Kremlin Armoury in Moscow.
At the age of 16, Peter discovered an English boat on the estate, had it restored and learned to sail. He received a sextant, but did not know how to use the instrument. Therefore, he began a search for a foreign expert in the German Quarter. Peter befriended two Dutch carpenters, Frans Timmerman and Karsten Brandt, and several other foreigners in Russian service. Peter studied arithmetic, geometry, and military sciences. He was not interested in a musical education but seems to have liked fireworks and drumming.
Peter was not particularly concerned that others ruled in his name. He engaged in such pastimes as shipbuilding and sailing, as well as mock battles with his toy army. Peter's mother sought to force him to adopt a more conventional approach and arranged his marriage to Eudoxia Lopukhina in 1689. The marriage was a failure, and ten years later Peter forced his wife to become a nun and thus freed himself from the union.
By the summer of 1689, Peter, planned to take power from his half-sister Sophia, whose position had been weakened by two unsuccessful Crimean campaigns against the Crimean Khanate in an attempt to stop devastating Crimean Tatar raids into Russia's southern lands. When she learned of his designs, Sophia conspired with some leaders of the Streltsy, who continually aroused disorder and dissent. Peter, warned by others from the Streltsy, escaped in the middle of the night to the impenetrable monastery of Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra; there he slowly gathered adherents who perceived he would win the power struggle. Sophia was eventually overthrown, with Peter I and Ivan V continuing to act as co-tsars. Peter forced Sophia to enter a convent, where she gave up her name and her position as a member of the royal family.
Still, Peter could not acquire actual control over Russian affairs. Power was instead exercised by his mother, Natalya Naryshkina. It was only when Natalya died in 1694 that Peter, then aged 22, became an independent sovereign. Formally, Ivan V was a co-ruler with Peter, though being ineffective. Peter became the sole ruler when Ivan died in 1696 without male offspring, two years later.
Peter grew to be extremely tall, especially for the time period, reportedly standing 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m). Peter had noticeable facial tics, and he may have suffered from petit mal seizures, a form of epilepsy. Meanwhile, he was a frequent guest in German quarter, where he met Anna and Willem Mons.
Ideology of Peter's reign
As a young man, Peter I adopted the Protestant model of existence in a pragmatic world of competition and personal success, which largely shaped the philosophy of his reformism. He perceived the Russian people as rude, unintelligent, stubborn in their sluggishness, a child, a lazy student. He highly appreciated the state's role in the life of society, saw it as an ideal instrument for achieving high goals, saw it as a universal institution for transforming people, with the help of violence and fear, into educated, conscious, law-abiding and useful to the whole society subjects.
He introduced into the concept of the autocrat's power the notion of the monarch's duties. He considered it necessary to take care of his subjects, to protect them from enemies, to work for their benefit. Above all, he put the interests of Russia. He saw his mission in turning it into a power similar to Western countries, and subordinated his own life and the lives of his subjects to the realization of this idea. Gradually penetrated the idea that the task should be solved with the help of reforms, which will be carried out at the autocrat's will, who creates good and punishes evil. He considered the morality of a statesman separately from the morality of a private person and believed that the sovereign in the name of state interests can go to murder, violence, forgery and deceit.
He went through the naval service, starting from the lowest ranks: bombardier (1695), captain (1696), colonel (1706), schout-bij-nacht (1709), vice-admiral (1714), admiral (1721). By hard daily work (according to the figurative expression of Peter the Great himself, he was simultaneously "forced to hold a sword and a quill in one right hand") and courageous behavior he demonstrated to his subjects his personal positive example, showed how to act, fully devoting himself to the fulfillment of duty and service to the fatherland.
Reign
Peter implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernizing Russia. Heavily influenced by his advisors from Western Europe, Peter reorganized the Russian army along modern lines and dreamed of making Russia a maritime power. He faced much opposition to these policies at home but brutally suppressed rebellions against his authority, including by the Streltsy, Bashkirs, Astrakhan, and the greatest civil uprising of his reign, the Bulavin Rebellion.
Peter implemented social modernization in an absolute manner by introducing French and western dress to his court and requiring courtiers, state officials, and the military to shave their beards and adopt modern clothing styles. One means of achieving this end was the introduction of taxes for long beards and robes in September 1698.
In his process to westernize Russia, he wanted members of his family to marry other European royalty. In the past, his ancestors had been snubbed at the idea, but now, it was proving fruitful. He negotiated with Frederick William, Duke of Courland to marry his niece, Anna Ivanovna. He used the wedding in order to launch his new capital, St Petersburg, where he had already ordered building projects of westernized palaces and buildings. Peter hired Italian and German architects to design it.
As part of his reforms, Peter started an industrialization effort that was slow but eventually successful. Russian manufacturing and main exports were based on the mining and lumber industries. For example, by the end of the century Russia came to export more iron than any other country in the world.
To improve his nation's position on the seas, Peter sought more maritime outlets. His only outlet at the time was the White Sea at Arkhangelsk. The Baltic Sea was at the time controlled by Sweden in the north, while the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea were controlled by the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire respectively in the south.
Peter attempted to acquire control of the Black Sea, which would require expelling the Tatars from the surrounding areas. As part of an agreement with Poland that ceded Kiev to Russia, Peter was forced to wage war against the Crimean Khan and against the Khan's overlord, the Ottoman Sultan. Peter's primary objective became the capture of the Ottoman fortress of Azov, near the Don River. In the summer of 1695 Peter organized the Azov campaigns to take the fortress, but his attempts ended in failure.
Peter returned to Moscow in November 1695 and began building a large navy in Voronezh. He launched about thirty ships against the Ottomans in 1696, capturing Azov in July of that year.
Grand Embassy
Peter knew that Russia could not face the Ottoman Empire alone. In 1697, he traveled "incognito" to Western Europe on an 18-month journey with a large Russian delegation–the so-called "Grand Embassy". He used a fake name, allowing him to escape social and diplomatic events, but since he was far taller than most others, he could not fool anyone. One goal was to seek the aid of European monarchs, but Peter's hopes were dashed. France was a traditional ally of the Ottoman Sultan, and Austria was eager to maintain peace in the east while conducting its own wars in the west. Peter, furthermore, had chosen an inopportune moment: the Europeans at the time were more concerned about the War of the Spanish Succession over who would succeed the childless King Charles II of Spain than about fighting the Ottoman Sultan.
In Königsberg, the Tsar was apprenticed for two months to an artillery engineer. In July he met Sophia of Hanover at Coppenbrügge castle. She described him: "The tsar is a tall, handsome man, with an attractive face. He has a lively mind is very witty. Only, someone so well endowed by nature could be a little better mannered." Peter rented a ship in Emmerich am Rhein and sailed to Zaandam, where he arrived on 18 August 1697. He studied saw-mills, manufacturing and shipbuilding but left after a week. Through the mediation of Nicolaas Witsen, an expert on Russia, the Tsar was given the opportunity to gain practical experience in shipyard, belonging to the Dutch East India Company, for a period of four months, under the supervision of Gerrit Claesz Pool. The diligent and capable Tsar assisted in the construction of an East Indiaman ship Peter and Paul specially laid down for him. During his stay the Tsar engaged many skilled workers such as builders of locks, fortresses, shipwrights, and seamen—including Cornelis Cruys, a vice-admiral who became, under Franz Lefort, the Tsar's advisor in maritime affairs. Peter later put his knowledge of shipbuilding to use in helping build Russia's navy.
Peter felt that the ship's carpenters in Holland worked too much by eye and lacked accurate construction drawings. On 11 January 1698 (Old Style) Peter arrived at Victoria Embankment with four chamberlains, three interpreters, two clock makers, a cook, a priest, six trumpeters, 70 soldiers from the Preobrazhensky regiment, four dwarfs and a monkey. Peter stayed at 21 Norfolk Street, Strand and met with King William III and Gilbert Burnet, attended a session of the Royal Society, received a doctorate from Oxford University, trained a telescope on Venus at the Greenwich Observatory, and saw a Fleet Review by Royal Navy at Deptford. He studied the English techniques of city-building he would later use to great effect at Saint Petersburg. At the end of April 1698 he left after learning to make watches, carpenting coffins and posing for Sir Godfrey Kneller.
The Embassy next went to Leipzig, Dresden, Prague and Vienna. Peter spoke with Augustus II the Strong and Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor.[18] Peter's visit was cut short, when he was forced to rush home by a rebellion of the Streltsy. The rebellion was easily crushed before Peter returned home; of the Tsar's troops, only one was killed. Peter nevertheless acted ruthlessly towards the mutineers. Over one thousand two hundred of the rebels were tortured and executed, and Peter ordered that their bodies be publicly exhibited as a warning to future conspirators. The Streltsy were disbanded, some of the rebels were deported to Siberia, and the individual they sought to put on the Throne — Peter's half-sister Sophia — was forced to become a nun.
Peter's visits to the West impressed upon him the notion that European customs were in several respects superior to Russian traditions. He commanded all of his courtiers and officials to wear European clothing and cut off their long beards, causing his Boyars, who were very fond of their beards, great upset. Boyars who sought to retain their beards were required to pay an annual beard tax of one hundred rubles. Peter also sought to end arranged marriages, which were the norm among the Russian nobility, because he thought such a practice was barbaric and led to domestic violence, since the partners usually resented each other.
In 1698, Peter I instituted a beard tax to modernize Russian society. In the same year Peter sent a delegation to Malta, under boyar Boris Sheremetev, to observe the training and abilities of the Knights of Malta and their fleet. Sheremetev investigated the possibility of future joint ventures with the Knights, including action against the Turks and the possibility of a future Russian naval base. On 12 September 1698, Peter officially founded the first Russian Navy base, Taganrog on the Sea of Azov.
In 1699, Peter changed the date of the celebration of the new year from 1 September to 1 January. Traditionally, the years were reckoned from the purported creation of the World, but after Peter's reforms, they were to be counted from the birth of Christ. Thus, in the year 7207 of the old Russian calendar, Peter proclaimed that the Julian Calendar was in effect and the year was 1700. On the death of Lefort in 1699, Menshikov succeeded him as Peter's prime favourite and confidant. In 1701, the Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation was founded; for fifteen years, not only naval officers, but also surveyors, engineers, and gunners were educated there.
Great Northern War
First Winter Palace
Peter made a temporary peace with the Ottoman Empire that allowed him to keep the captured fort of Azov, and turned his attention to Russian maritime supremacy. He sought to acquire control of the Baltic Sea, which had been taken by the Swedish Empire a half-century earlier. Peter declared war on Sweden, which was at the time led by the young King Charles XII. Sweden was also opposed by Denmark–Norway, Saxony, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Preobrazhensky regiment took part in all major battles of the Great Northern War.
Russia was ill-prepared to fight the Swedes, and their first attempt at seizing the Baltic coast ended in disaster at the Battle of Narva in 1700. In the conflict, the forces of Charles XII, rather than employ a slow methodical siege, attacked immediately using a blinding snowstorm to their advantage. After the battle, Charles XII decided to concentrate his forces against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which gave Peter time to reorganize the Russian army. He invited Nicolaas Bidloo to organize a military hospital. In 1701, Peter the Great signed a decree on the opening of Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation.
While the Poles fought the Swedes, Peter founded the city of Saint Petersburg on 29 June 1703, in Ingermanland (a province of the Swedish Empire that he had captured). It was named after his patron saint Saint Peter. He forbade the building of stone edifices outside Saint Petersburg, which he intended to become Russia's capital, so that all stonemasons could participate in the construction of the new city. Peter moved the capital to St. Petersburg in 1703. While the city was being built along the Neva he lived in a modest three-room log cabin (with a study but without a fire-place) which had to make room for the first version of the Winter palace. The first buildings which appeared were the Peter and Paul Fortress, a shipyard at the Admiralty and Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Following several defeats, Polish King Augustus II the Strong abdicated in 1706. Swedish king Charles XII turned his attention to Russia, invading it in 1708. After crossing into Russia, Charles defeated Peter at Golovchin in July. In the Battle of Lesnaya, Charles suffered his first loss after Peter crushed a group of Swedish reinforcements marching from Riga. Deprived of this aid, Charles was forced to abandon his proposed march on Moscow.
Charles XII refused to retreat to Poland or back to Sweden and instead invaded Ukraine. Peter withdrew his army southward, employing scorched earth, destroying along the way anything that could assist the Swedes. Deprived of local supplies, the Swedish army was forced to halt its advance in the winter of 1708–1709. In the summer of 1709, they resumed their efforts to capture Russian-ruled Ukraine, culminating in the Battle of Poltava on 27 June. The battle was a decisive defeat for the Swedish forces, ending Charles' campaign in Ukraine and forcing him south to seek refuge in the Ottoman Empire. Russia had defeated what was considered to be one of the world's best militaries, and the victory overturned the view that Russia was militarily incompetent. In Poland, Augustus II was restored as King.
Peter, overestimating the support he would receive from his Balkan allies, attacked the Ottoman Empire, initiating the Russo-Turkish War of 1710. Peter's campaign in the Ottoman Empire was disastrous, and in the ensuing Treaty of the Pruth, Peter was forced to return the Black Sea ports he had seized in 1697. In return, the Sultan expelled Charles XII.
The Ottomans called him Mad Peter (Turkish: deli Petro), for his willingness to sacrifice large numbers of his troops in wartime. Peter I loved all sorts of rarities and curiosities. In 1704 Abram Petrovich Gannibal, a child with Ethiopian origin, was presented to him; in 1716 Peter took him to Paris.
In 1711, Peter established by decree a new state body known as the Governing Senate. Normally, the Boyar duma would have exercised power during his absence. Peter, however, mistrusted the boyars; he instead abolished the Duma and created a Senate of ten members. The Senate was founded as the highest state institution to supervise all judicial, financial and administrative affairs. Originally established only for the time of the monarch's absence, the Senate became a permanent body after his return. A special high official, the Ober-Procurator, served as the link between the ruler and the senate and acted, in Peter own words, as "the sovereign's eye". Without his signature no Senate decision could go into effect; the Senate became one of the most important institutions of Imperial Russia.
1712, Peter I issued a decree establishing an Engineering School in Moscow, which was supposed to recruit up to 150 students, and two-thirds of them were to consist of nobles.[31] Therefore, on 28 February 1714, he issued a decree calling for compulsory education, which dictated that all Russian 10- to 15-year-old children of the nobility, government clerks, and lesser-ranked officials must learn basic mathematics and geometry, and should be tested on the subjects at the end of their studies.
Peter's northern armies took the Swedish province of Livonia (the northern half of modern Latvia, and the southern half of modern Estonia), driving the Swedes out of Finland. In 1714 the Russian fleet won the Battle of Gangut. Most of Finland was occupied by the Russians.
In 1716, the Tsar visited Riga, and Danzig in January, Stettin, and obtained the assistance of the Electorate of Hanover and the Kingdom of Prussia fighting a war against Sweden at Wismar. He was forced to leave Mecklenburg. In Altona he met with Danish diplomats. He went on to Bad Pyrmont in May/June, because of an illness he stayed at this spa. He arrived in Amsterdam in December, where he bought some interesting collections: those of Frederik Ruysch, Levinus Vincent and Albertus Seba and paintings by Maria Sibylla Merian for his Kunstkamera. He visited a silk manufacture and a paper-mill, and learned to create paper and to spin silk. He visited Herman Boerhaave and Carel de Moor in Leiden and ordered two mercury thermometers from Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit and instruments from Musschenbroek. In April 1717 he continued his travel from Flushing to Brussels in the Austrian Netherlands and Dunkirk, Calais, Paris, where he obtained many books and proposed a marriage between his daughter and King Louis XV. Saint-Simon described him as "tall, well-formed and slim…with a look both bewildered and fierce." Via Reims, and Spa Peter travelled on to Maastricht, at that time one of the most important fortresses in Europe, where he was received by Daniël van Dopff, the commander of the fortress. He went back to Amsterdam and visited the Hortus Botanicus and left the city early September.
The Tsar's navy was powerful enough that the Russians could penetrate Sweden. Still, Charles XII refused to yield, and not until his death in battle in 1718 did peace become feasible. After the battle near Åland, Sweden made peace with all powers but Russia by 1720. In 1721, the Treaty of Nystad ended the Great Northern War. Russia acquired Ingria, Estonia, Livonia, and a substantial portion of Karelia. In turn, Russia paid two million Riksdaler and surrendered most of Finland. The Tsar retained some Finnish lands close to Saint Petersburg, which he had made his capital in 1712. Between 1713 and 1728, and from 1732 to 1918, Saint Petersburg was the capital of imperial Russia.
Title
Following his victory in the Great Northern War, he adopted the title of emperor in 1721.
By the grace of God, the most excellent and great sovereign emperor Pyotr Alekseevich the ruler of all the Russias: of Moscow, of Kiev, of Vladimir, of Novgorod, Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan and Tsar of Siberia, sovereign of Pskov, great prince of Smolensk, of Tver, of Yugorsk, of Perm, of Vyatka, of Bulgaria and others, sovereign and great prince of the Novgorod Lower lands, of Chernigov, of Ryazan, of Rostov, of Yaroslavl, of Belozersk, of Udora, of Kondia and the sovereign of all the northern lands, and the sovereign of the Iverian lands, of the Kartlian and Georgian Kings, of the Kabardin lands, of the Circassian and Mountain princes and many other states and lands western and eastern here and there and the successor and sovereign and ruler.
Later years
In 1717, Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia against the Khanate of Khiva. The expedition ended in complete disaster when the entire expeditionary force was slaughtered.
In 1718, Peter investigated why the formerly Swedish province of Livonia was so orderly. He discovered that the Swedes spent as much administering Livonia (300 times smaller than his empire) as he spent on the entire Russian bureaucracy. He was forced to dismantle the province's government.
To the end of 1717, the preparatory phase of administrative reform in Russia was completed. After 1718, Peter established colleges in place of the old central agencies of government, including foreign affairs, war, navy, expense, income, justice, and inspection. Later others were added, to regulate mining and industry. Each college consisted of a president, a vice-president, a number of councilors and assessors, and a procurator. Some foreigners were included in various colleges but not as president. Peter did not have enough loyal, talented or educated persons to put in full charge of the various departments. Peter preferred to rely on groups of individuals who would keep check on one another. Decisions depended on the majority vote.
Peter's last years were marked by further reform in Russia. On 22 October 1721, soon after peace was made with Sweden, he was officially proclaimed Emperor of All Russia. Some proposed that he take the title Emperor of the East, but he refused. Gavrila Golovkin, the State Chancellor, was the first to add "the Great, Father of His Country, Emperor of All the Russias" to Peter's traditional title Tsar following a speech by the archbishop of Pskov in 1721. Peter's imperial title was recognized by Augustus II of Poland, Frederick William I of Prussia, and Frederick I of Sweden, but not by the other European monarchs. In the minds of many, the word emperor connoted superiority or pre-eminence over kings. Several rulers feared that Peter would claim authority over them, just as the Holy Roman Emperor had claimed suzerainty over all Christian nations.
In 1722, Peter created a new order of precedence known as the Table of Ranks. Formerly, precedence had been determined by birth. To deprive the Boyars of their high positions, Peter directed that precedence should be determined by merit and service to the Emperor. The Table of Ranks continued to remain in effect until the Russian monarchy was overthrown in 1917.
The once powerful Persian Safavid Empire to the south was in deep decline. Taking advantage of the profitable situation, Peter launched the Russo-Persian War of 1722–1723, otherwise known as "The Persian Expedition of Peter the Great", which drastically increased Russian influence for the first time in the Caucasus and Caspian Sea region, and prevented the Ottoman Empire from making territorial gains in the region. After considerable success and the capture of many provinces and cities in the Caucasus and northern mainland Persia, the Safavids were forced to hand over territory to Russia, comprising Derbent, Shirvan, Gilan, Mazandaran, Baku, and Astrabad. Within twelve years all the territories were ceded back to Persia, now led by the charismatic military genius Nader Shah, as part of the Treaty of Resht, the Treaty of Ganja, and as the result of a Russo-Persian alliance against the Ottoman Empire, which was the common enemy of both.
Peter introduced new taxes to fund improvements in Saint Petersburg. He abolished the land tax and household tax and replaced them with a poll tax. The taxes on land and on households were payable only by individuals who owned property or maintained families. The new head taxes were payable by serfs and paupers. In 1725 the construction of Peterhof, a palace near Saint Petersburg, was completed. Peterhof (Dutch for "Peter's Court") was a grand residence, becoming known as the "Russian Versailles".
In the winter of 1723, Peter, whose overall health was never robust, began having problems with his urinary tract and bladder. In the summer of 1724, a team of doctors performed surgery releasing upwards of four pounds of blocked urine. Peter remained bedridden until late autumn. In the first week of October, restless and certain he was cured, Peter began a lengthy inspection tour of various projects. According to legend, in November, at Lakhta along the Gulf of Finland to inspect some ironworks, Peter saw a group of soldiers drowning near shore and, wading out into near-waist deep water, came to their rescue.
This icy water rescue is said to have exacerbated Peter's bladder problems and caused his death. The story, however, has been viewed with skepticism by some historians, pointing out that the German chronicler Jacob von Staehlin is the only source for the story, and it seems unlikely that no one else would have documented such an act of heroism. This, plus the interval of time between these actions and Peter's death seems to preclude any direct link.
In early January 1725, Peter was struck once again with uremia. Legend has it that before lapsing into unconsciousness Peter asked for a paper and pen and scrawled an unfinished note that read: "Leave all to ..." and then, exhausted by the effort, asked for his daughter Anna to be summoned.
Peter died between four and five in the morning 8 February 1725. An autopsy revealed his bladder to be infected with gangrene. He was fifty-two years, seven months old when he died, having reigned forty-two years. He is interred in Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
After the death of Peter I, there were immediately students who came to the Military College with a request to "leave science" under the pretext of "unconsciousness and incomprehensibility."
Religion
Peter did not believe in miracles and founded The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters, an organization that mocked the Orthodox and Catholic Church when he was eighteen. In January 1695, Peter refused to partake in a traditional Russian Orthodox ceremony of the Epiphany Ceremony, and would often schedule events for The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters to directly conflict with the Church. He often used the nickname Pakhom Mikhailov (Russian: Пахом Михайлов) among the ministers of religion who made up his relatively close circle of long-term drinking companions. He drank less than the others, deliberately getting the others drunk in order to listen to their drunken conversations.
Peter was brought up in the Russian Orthodox faith, but he had low regard for the Church hierarchy, which he kept under tight governmental control. The traditional leader of the Church was the Patriarch of Moscow. In 1700, when the office fell vacant, Peter refused to name a replacement, allowing the patriarch's coadjutor (or deputy) to discharge the duties of the office. Peter could not tolerate the patriarch exercising power superior to the tsar, as indeed had happened in the case of Philaret (1619–1633) and Nikon (1652–66). In 1716 he invited Theophan Prokopovich to come to the capital. In 1718 he ordered to translate the "Introduction to European History" (a work by Samuel Pufendorf); the Ecclesiastical Regulations of 1721 are based on it. The Church reform of Peter the Great therefore abolished the patriarchate, replacing it with a Holy Synod that was under the control of a Procurator, and the tsar appointed all bishops.
In 1721, Peter followed the advice of Prokopovich in designing the Holy Synod as a council of ten clergymen. For leadership in the Church, Peter turned increasingly to Ukrainians, who were more open to reform, but were not well loved by the Russian clergy. Peter implemented a law that stipulated that no Russian man could join a monastery before the age of fifty. He felt that too many able Russian men were being wasted on clerical work when they could be joining his new and improved army.
A clerical career was not a route chosen by upper-class society. Most parish priests were sons of priests and were very poorly educated and paid. The monks in the monasteries had a slightly higher status; they were not allowed to marry. Politically, the Church was impotent.
Marriages and family
Peter the Great had two wives, with whom he had fifteen children, three of whom survived to adulthood. Peter's mother selected his first wife, Eudoxia Lopukhina, with the advice of other nobles in 1689. This was consistent with previous Romanov tradition by choosing a daughter of a minor noble. This was done to prevent fighting between the stronger noble houses and to bring fresh blood into the family. He also had a mistress from Westphalia, Anna Mons.
Upon his return from his European tour in 1698, Peter sought to end his unhappy marriage. He divorced the Tsaritsa and forced her to join a convent. She had borne him three children, although only one, Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, had survived past his childhood.
Menshikov introduced him to Marta Helena Skowrońska, a Polish-Lithuanian peasant, and took her as a mistress some time between 1702 and 1704. Marta converted to the Russian Orthodox Church and was given the name Catherine. Though no record exists, Catherine and Peter married secretly between 23 Oct and 1 December 1707 in St. Petersburg. Peter valued Catherine and married officially, at Saint Isaac's Cathedral in Saint Petersburg on 19 February 1712.
His eldest child and heir, Alexei, was suspected of being involved in a plot to overthrow the Emperor. Alexei was tried and confessed under torture during questioning conducted by a secular court (count Tolstoy). He was convicted and sentenced to be executed. The sentence could only be carried out with Peter's signed authorization, and Alexei died in prison, as Peter hesitated before making the decision. Alexei's death most likely resulted from injuries suffered during his torture. Alexei's mother Eudoxia was punished. She was dragged from her home, tried on false charges of adultery, publicly flogged, and confined in monasteries while being forbidden to be talked to.
In 1724, Peter had his second wife, Catherine, crowned as Empress, although he remained Russia's actual ruler.
Issue
By his two wives, he had fifteen children: three by Eudoxia and twelve by Catherine. These included four sons named Pavel and three sons named Peter, all of whom died in infancy. Only three of his children survived to adulthood. He also had three grandchildren: Tsar Peter II and Grand Duchess Natalia by Alexei and Tsar Peter III by Anna.
Mistresses and illegitimate children
Princess Maria Dmitrievna Cantemirovna of Moldavia (1700–1754), daughter of Dimitrie Cantemir
Unnamed son (1722 - 1723?) – different sources say that the baby was stillborn or died before he was one year old.
Lady Mary Hamilton, Catherine I's lady in waiting of Scottish descent.
Miscarriage (1715)
Unnamed child (1717 - 1718?)
Legacy
Peter's legacy has always been a major concern of Russian intellectuals. Riasanovsky points to a "paradoxical dichotomy" in the black and white images such as God/Antichrist, educator/ignoramus, architect of Russia's greatness/destroyer of national culture, father of his country/scourge of the common man. Voltaire's 1759 biography gave 18th-century Russians a man of the Enlightenment, while Alexander Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" poem of 1833 gave a powerful romantic image of a creator-god. Slavophiles in mid-19th century deplored Peter's westernization of Russia.
Western writers and political analysts recounted "The Testimony" or secret will of Peter the Great. It supposedly revealed his grand evil plot for Russia to control the world via conquest of Constantinople, Afghanistan and India. It was a forgery made in Paris at Napoleon's command when he started his invasion of Russia in 1812. Nevertheless, it is still quoted in foreign policy circles.
The Communists executed the last Romanovs, and their historians such as Mikhail Pokrovsky presented strongly negative views of the entire dynasty. Stalin however admired how Peter strengthened the state, and wartime, diplomacy, industry, higher education, and government administration. Stalin wrote in 1928, "when Peter the Great, who had to deal with more developed countries in the West, feverishly built works in factories for supplying the army and strengthening the country's defenses, this was an original attempt to leap out of the framework of backwardness." As a result, Soviet historiography emphasizes both the positive achievement and the negative factor of oppressing the common people.
After the fall of Communism in 1991, scholars and the general public in Russia and the West gave fresh attention to Peter and his role in Russian history. His reign is now seen as the decisive formative event in the Russian imperial past. Many new ideas have merged, such as whether he strengthened the autocratic state or whether the tsarist regime was not statist enough given its small bureaucracy. Modernization models have become contested ground.
He initiated a wide range of economic, social, political, administrative, educational and military reforms which ended the dominance of traditionalism and religion in Russia and initiated its westernization. His efforts included secularization of education, organization of administration for effective governance, enhanced use of technology, establishing an industrial economy, modernization of the army and establishment of a strong navy.
Historian Y. Vodarsky said in 1993 that Peter, "did not lead the country on the path of accelerated economic, political and social development, did not force it to 'achieve a leap' through several stages.... On the contrary, these actions to the greatest degree put a brake on Russia's progress and created conditions for holding it back for one and a half centuries!" The autocratic powers that Stalin admired appeared as a liability to Evgeny Anisimov, who complained that Peter was, "the creator of the administrative command system and the true ancestor of Stalin."
According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, "He did not completely bridge the gulf between Russia and the Western countries, but he achieved considerable progress in development of the national economy and trade, education, science and culture, and foreign policy. Russia became a great power, without whose concurrence no important European problem could thenceforth be settled. His internal reforms achieved progress to an extent that no earlier innovator could have envisaged."
While the cultural turn in historiography has downplayed diplomatic, economic and constitutional issues, new cultural roles have been found for Peter, for example in architecture and dress. James Cracraft argues:
The Petrine revolution in Russia—subsuming in this phrase the many military, naval, governmental, educational, architectural, linguistic, and other internal reforms enacted by Peter's regime to promote Russia's rise as a major European power—was essentially a cultural revolution, one that profoundly impacted both the basic constitution of the Russian Empire and, perforce, its subsequent development.
In popular culture
Peter has been featured in many histories, novels, plays, films, monuments and paintings. They include the poems The Bronze Horseman, Poltava and the unfinished novel The Moor of Peter the Great, all by Alexander Pushkin. The former dealt with The Bronze Horseman, an equestrian statue raised in Peter's honour. Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy wrote a biographical historical novel about him, named Peter I, in the 1930s.
The 1922 German silent film Peter the Great directed by Dimitri Buchowetzki and starring Emil Jannings as Peter
In 1929 A.N. Tolstoy's play was true to the party line, depicting Peter as a tyrant who "suppressed everyone and everything as if he had been possessed by demons, sowed fear, and put both his son and his country on the rack."
The 1937–1938 Soviet film Peter the Great
The 1976 film How Czar Peter the Great Married Off His Moor, starring Aleksey Petrenko as Peter, and Vladimir Vysotsky as Abram Petrovich Gannibal, shows Peter's attempt to build the Baltic Fleet.
Peter was played by Jan Niklas and Maximilian Schell in the 1986 NBC miniseries Peter the Great.
The 2007 film The Sovereign's Servant depicts the unsavoury brutal side of Peter during the campaign.
A character based on Peter plays a major role in The Age of Unreason, a series of four alternate history novels written by American science fiction and fantasy author Gregory Keyes.
Peter is one of many supporting characters in Neal Stephenson's Baroque Cycle – mainly featuring in the third novel, The System of the World.
Peter was portrayed on BBC Radio 4 by Isaac Rouse as a boy, Will Howard as a young adult and Elliot Cowan as an adult in the radio plays Peter the Great: The Gamblers and Peter the Great: The Queen of Spades, written by Mike Walker and which were the last two plays in the first series of Tsar. The plays were broadcast on 25 September and 2 October 2016.
A verse in the "Engineers' Drinking Song" references Peter the Great:
There was a man named Peter the Great who was a Russian Tzar;
When remodeling his the castle put the throne behind the bar;
He lined the walls with vodka, rum, and 40 kinds of beers;
And advanced the Russian culture by 120 years!
Peter was played by Jason Isaacs in the 2020 'antihistory' Hulu series The Great.
Peter is featured as the leader of the Russian civilization in the computer game Sid Meier's Civilization VI.
Peter was played by Ivan Kolesnikov in the 2022 Russian historical documentary film Peter I: The Last Tsar and the First Emperor.
Final Toronto Chinatown before we move on. Here is Hong Kong Island bakery right next to Taste of China restaurant. The Chinese population in Toronto greatly increased as the wives and descendants of the Chinese men already in Canada immigrated to the city after the country's Chinese exclusion act was lifted in 1967. In the following decades, students and skilled workers arrived from Hong Kong, Guangdong and Chinese communities in Southeast Asia and the Caribbean further increased the Chinese population which led to the creation of additional Chinese communities east of Toronto. (Toronto, Canada, Nov.2015)
A rather unusual museum, approached by way of a footbridge across the intervening water, lies 50 yards offshore near the former Royal Dockyard at Pembroke Dock. Although not strictly a castle, it resembles the type of fortified tower one might expect to see in a castle grounds.
This is the Gun Tower Museum, set up a few years ago by an enterprising group of local historians and enthusiasts, who formed a charitable organisation called The Pembroke Dock Museums Trust, which manages the Museum with a loyal band of volunteers.
Known as a Cambridge Gun Tower, and for years misnamed The Martello Tower, this stout oval fortification was built in 1851 to protect the Royal Dockyard. It is one of a chain of forts known as ‘Palmerston’s Follies’ built to encircle Milford Haven Waterway at a time when Louis Napoleon’s acquisitive ambitions were seen as a real threat to the country’s security.
The town of Pembroke Dock did not exist before 1814 when the Royal Dockyard was built to replace the one at Milford Haven, and houses began to spring up to house the hundreds of skilled workers. The Gun Tower Museum reflects not only this important period in the new town’s maritime history but also its strong associations with the Army and the RAF. Like the other ‘new town’ of Milford Haven, built just over a decade before, Pembroke Dock was built on the American grid-iron pattern, with parallel streets and back lane service access.
(for further pictures and information please go to the end of page and by clicking on the link my modest promises will be fulfilled!)
Parliament building
The original intention was to build two separate buildings for the Imperial Council and the House of Representatives of the by the February Patent 1861 established Reichsrat (Imperial Council). After the Compromise with Hungary, however, this plan was dropped and in the year 1869 the architect Theophil von Hansen by the Ministry of the Interior entrusted with the elaboration of the monumental project for a large parliament building. The first cut of the spade followed in June 1874, the foundation stone bears the date "2nd September 1874". At the same time was worked on the erection of the imperial museums, the Town Hall and the University. Theophil Hansen took - as already mentioned - well thought out and in a very meaningful way the style of the Viennese parliament building from ancient Greece; stem important constitutional terms but also from the Greek antiquity - such as "politics", "democracy" and others. Symbolic meaning had also that from nearly all crown lands of the monarchy materials have been used for the construction of the parliament building. Thus, the structure should symbolize the confluence of all the forces "of the in the in the Reichsrat represented kingdoms and countries" in the Vienna parliament building. With the downfall of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy ended the era of the multinational Parliament in Vienna.
Since November 1918, the building is the seat of the parliamentary bodies of the Republic of Austria, first the National Assembly and later the National Council in the until its destruction in 1945 remained unchanged session hall of the former Imperial Council holding meetings. During the Second World War, the parliament building was severely affected, about half of the building fabric were destroyed. On 7th February 1945 the portico by bombing suffered serious damage. Two columns were totally destroyed, the edge ceiling construction with the richly gilded coffered ceiling and a magnificent frieze painting, which was 121 meters long and 2 meters high and the most ideal and economic roles of the Parliament representing allegorically, were seriously damaged. During reconstruction, the rebuilding did not occur in the originally from Hansen originating features: instead of Pavonazzo marble for the wall plate cover Salzburg marble was used. The frieze painting initially not could be recovered, only in the 90s it should be possible to restore single surviving parts. In addition to destructions in the Chancellery Wing at the Ring Road as well as in the portico especially the Imperial Council tract was severely affected by the effects of war. The meeting room of the Imperial Council was completely burned out, in particular the figural jewelry as well as the ruined marble statues of Lycurgus, Solon, Themistocles, Aristides, Sophocles, Socrates, Pericles and Demosthenes appearing hardly recoverable. In this circumstances, it was decided not to reconstruct the old Imperial Council hall, but a new hall with a businesslike but refined and convenient furnishing for the National Council of the Republic of Austria to build. During the reconstruction of the building in the years 1945 to 1956 efforts were also made the yet by Hansen envisaged technical independence further to develop and to perfect. Thus the parliament building now has an emergency generator, which ensures, any time, adequate electricity supply of the house in case of failure of the city network, and a variety of other technical facilities, which guarantee a high supply autonomy. Not only from basic considerations in the sense of seperation of powers but also from the possibility of an extraordinary emergency, is this a compelling need. National Council and the Federal Council as the elected representative bodies of the Austrian people must at all times - especially in case of disaster - the material conditions for their activity have guaranteed. This purpose serve the mentioned facilities and many others, sometimes very complicated ones and the persons entrusted with their maintenance. To the staff of the Parliamentary Administration therefore belong not only academics, stenographers, administrators, secretaries and officials of the room service as in each parliament, but also the with the maintenance of the infrastructure of the parliament building entrusted technicians and skilled workers.
Analogous to other parliaments was for years, even decades tried to acquire or to rent one or the other object near the Parliament building. Finally one was able in 1981 to start with a basic conversion or expansion of the house Reichsratsstrasse 9 under planning by the architect Prof. Dr. Sepp Stein, in this connection was given the order the parliament building through a tunnel with the house in the Reichsratsstrasse to connect. With this tunnel not only a connection for pedestrians should be established, but also a technical integration of the two houses. In the basement of the building in which in early 1985 could be moved in, confluences the road tunnel; furthermore it serves the accommodation of technical rooms as well as of the storage, preparation and staff rooms for a restauration, a main kitchen and a restaurant for about 130 people are housed on the ground floor. On the first floor are located dining rooms for about 110 people; workrooms for MPs are in the second, offices in the third to the sixth floor housed. Ten years after the house Reichsratsstrasse 9 another building could be purchased, the house Reichsratsstrasse 1, and, again under the planning leadership of architect Prof. Dr. Sepp Stein, adapted for the purposes of the Parliament. This house also through an in the basement joining under road tunnel with the Parliament building was connected. The basement houses storage rooms, the ground floor next to an "info-shop" where information materials concerning the Austrian Parlament can be obtained, the Parliament Post Office and the printery. In the six upper floors are offices and other work spaces for different departments of the Parliamentary Administration. The previously by these departments used rooms in the Parliament building were, after it was moved into the house Reichsratsstrasse in 1994, mostly the parliamentary clubs made available. Already in 1992 by the rental of rooms in a building in the Schenkenstraße for the parliamentary staff of the deputies office premises had been created.
Pallas Athene
Parliament Vienna
The 5.5 meter high monumental statue of Pallas Athena in front of the parliament building in Vienna gives not only the outside appearance of this building a striking sculptural accent, but has almost become a symbolic figure of the Austrian parliamentarism. The Danish architect Theophil Hansen, according to which draft in the years 1874-1884 the parliament building has been built, has designed this as a "work of art (Gesamtkunstwerk)"; thus, his planning also including the figural decoration of the building. The in front of the Parliament ramp to be built monumental fountain should according to Hansen's original planning be crowned of an allegoric representation of the Austria, that is, a symbolization of Austria. In the definitive, in 1878 by Hansen submitted figure program took its place Pallas Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom. The monumental statue was realized only after Hansen's death, but according to his design by sculptor Carl Kundmann in 1902.
Meeting room of the former House of Representatives
The meeting room of the former House of Representatives is largely preserved faithfully and now serves the meetings of the Federal Assembly as well as ceremonies and commemorative meetings of the National Council and the Federal Council. Architecturally, the hall is modeled on a Greek theater. Before the end wall is the presidium with the lectern and the Government Bench, in the semicircle the seats of the deputies are arranged. The from Carrara marble carved statues on the front wall - between the of Unterberger marble manufactured columns and pilasters - represent Roman statesmen, the by Friedrich Eisenmenger realised frieze painting depicts the emergence of political life, and the pediment group above it should symbolize the daily routine.
Portico
The large portico, in its proportions recreating the Parthenon of the Acropolis of Athens, forms the central chamber of the parliament building and should according to the original intention serve as a meeting place between members of the House of Representatives and of the Imperial Council. Today it functions as a venue, such as for the annual reception of the President of the National Council and the President of the Federal Council for the Diplomatic Corps. When choosing materials for the parliament building, Theophil Hansen strove to use marbles and stones from the crown lands of the monarchy, thus expressing their attachment to their Parliament. For example, consist the 24 monolithic, that is, produced from one-piece, columns, each more than 16 tons of weight, of the great hypostyle hall of Adnet marble, the floor panels of Istrian karst marble. When in the last months of the Second World War the Parliament building was severely affected by bomb hits, also the portico suffered severe damage, and the two columns in the north-west corner of the hall were destroyed, the edge ceiling construction with the richly gilded coffered ceiling and below the ceiling running frieze painting by Eduard Lebiedzki have been severely damaged. The two destroyed columns in 1950 were replaced by two new ones, broken from the same quarry as the originals, but not exhibiting the same pattern. The parts of the Lebiedzki frieze which have been restorable only in the 90s could be restored.
Pan America uses a unique anti-crease formula for its wrinkle free shirts and trousers. Each piece is cured and treated properly under high-pressure steam and extreme temperatures, at the same time ensuring that they do not sag or wilt. While automation is use extensively, many of our steps rely on the keen eyes and able hands of a team of skilled workers trained to deliver excellence.
Visit : www.panamerica.in
Workers are preparing Alpha 5, a 613,000-square-foot former production facility, for eventual demolition by removing and disposing of legacy materials. The project includes dismantling legacy production equipment in contaminated areas.
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
Secretary of the Army Dr. Mark T. Esper participated in the Regan National Defense Forum bipartisan annual event as a speaker in the A Defense Industrial & Innovation Base Workforce for the 21ST Century: Winning The Competition For Highly Skilled Workers Inside & Outside the Pentagon panel alongside California Congressman Ken Calvert, Ms. Marillyn Hewson, Chairman, President & CEO, Lockheed, and Florida Congresswoman Stephanie Murphy in Semi Valley, CA, Dec. 1, 2018. Mr. Mike Hammer from Fox News moderated the discussion. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Nicole Mejia)
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
Friday, 7 June, 2013
14:10 – 15:10 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND VIEWPOINTS
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
Photograph by Stefen Chow/Fortune Global Forum
This project aims for safer and better managed cross border labour migration. ILO is providing coordination services for the Republic of Korea Government’s Employment Permit System which recruits low and semi-skilled workers from 15 countries in Asia-Pacific. © ILO/A.DOW
Click here to watch a related video: www.youtube.com/edit?video_id=uo0Qv7Bye3k&video_refer...
Click here to read a related feature story: www.ilo.org/asia/info/public/WCMS_211952/lang--en/index.htm
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/deed.en_US.
Amid almost national hysteria over the surge in southern and eastern European migration, Congress and President Harding in 1921 imposed severe quotas based, for the first time, on nationality.
As one Immigration Service report explained, there were concerns that "the fundamental racial character" of immigrants should more closely resemble the "racial stocks which were common . . . during Colonial times."
A popular song of the day was "O! Close the Gates."
"Our flag they do not honor,
Our rights they will betray
"O! Close the gates of our nation
Yes, before that awful day.
"O! Close the gates of our nation,
Lock them firm and strong,
"Before that mob from Europe
Shall drag our colors down.
The Quota Act of 1921 ended a century of unrestricted European immigration, during which 30 million entered the open gates of America. By summer 1923, the quota controls had radically reduced the influx of "less desirable" immigrants from Greece, Turkey, Armenia, the Balkans and Russia.
Nativists continued to criticize the nation's ability to assimilate the flood-tide of "human flotsam," and popular tunes such as Neel and Clark's 1923 song O! Close the Gates called for a halt to immigration "before this mob from Europe shall drag our Colors down."
Restrictionists in Congress remained vigilant in their warnings about the "danger of the melting pot," and on May l9, l92l succeeded in pressuring President Warren G. Harding into signing the first Quota Act. This law effectively ended America's open-door policy by setting monthly quotas, limiting admission of each nationality to three percent of its representation in the U.S. Census of 1910.
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 made it illegal to hire or recruit illegal immigrants, but left the immigration system without a key component - a workable non-immigrant visa system program for lesser-skilled workers to enter the United States.
Following the 1986 amnesty, almost 12 million undocumented workers came across the U.S. border. It was estimated that this undocumented workforce made up about five percent of the U.S. workforce. It was also estimated that about 70 percent of those undocumented workers were from the country of Mexico.
On January 28, 2013, a bi-partisan group of eight Senators announced principles for comprehensive immigration reform (CIR). The Senators involved include: Chuck Schumer of New York, Dick Durbin of Illinois, Bob Menendez of New Jersey, and Michael Bennet of Colorado, and Republicans John McCain of Arizona, Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, Marco Rubio of Florida, and Jeff Flake of Arizona.
The policies envisioned by the Senators include the following provisions:
- A citizenship path for undocumented immigrants already in the United States contingent on certain border security and visa tracking improvements. The plan provides for permanent residence for undocumented immigrants only after legal immigrants waiting for a current priority date receive their permanent residence status and a different citizenship path for agricultural workers through an agricultural worker program.
- Business immigration system reforms, focusing on reducing current visa backlogs and fast tracking permanent residence for U.S. university immigrant graduates with advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering or math also known as the STEM fields.
- An expanded and improved employment verification system for all employers to confirm employee work authorization.
- Improved work visa options for low-skill workers including an agricultural worker program.
(for further pictures and information please go to the end of page and by clicking on the link my modest promises will be fulfilled!)
Parliament building
The original intention was to build two separate buildings for the Imperial Council and the House of Representatives of the by the February Patent 1861 established Reichsrat (Imperial Council). After the Compromise with Hungary, however, this plan was dropped and in the year 1869 the architect Theophil von Hansen by the Ministry of the Interior entrusted with the elaboration of the monumental project for a large parliament building. The first cut of the spade followed in June 1874, the foundation stone bears the date "2nd September 1874". At the same time was worked on the erection of the imperial museums, the Town Hall and the University. Theophil Hansen took - as already mentioned - well thought out and in a very meaningful way the style of the Viennese parliament building from ancient Greece; stem important constitutional terms but also from the Greek antiquity - such as "politics", "democracy" and others. Symbolic meaning had also that from nearly all crown lands of the monarchy materials have been used for the construction of the parliament building. Thus, the structure should symbolize the confluence of all the forces "of the in the in the Reichsrat represented kingdoms and countries" in the Vienna parliament building. With the downfall of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy ended the era of the multinational Parliament in Vienna.
Since November 1918, the building is the seat of the parliamentary bodies of the Republic of Austria, first the National Assembly and later the National Council in the until its destruction in 1945 remained unchanged session hall of the former Imperial Council holding meetings. During the Second World War, the parliament building was severely affected, about half of the building fabric were destroyed. On 7th February 1945 the portico by bombing suffered serious damage. Two columns were totally destroyed, the edge ceiling construction with the richly gilded coffered ceiling and a magnificent frieze painting, which was 121 meters long and 2 meters high and the most ideal and economic roles of the Parliament representing allegorically, were seriously damaged. During reconstruction, the rebuilding did not occur in the originally from Hansen originating features: instead of Pavonazzo marble for the wall plate cover Salzburg marble was used. The frieze painting initially not could be recovered, only in the 90s it should be possible to restore single surviving parts. In addition to destructions in the Chancellery Wing at the Ring Road as well as in the portico especially the Imperial Council tract was severely affected by the effects of war. The meeting room of the Imperial Council was completely burned out, in particular the figural jewelry as well as the ruined marble statues of Lycurgus, Solon, Themistocles, Aristides, Sophocles, Socrates, Pericles and Demosthenes appearing hardly recoverable. In this circumstances, it was decided not to reconstruct the old Imperial Council hall, but a new hall with a businesslike but refined and convenient furnishing for the National Council of the Republic of Austria to build. During the reconstruction of the building in the years 1945 to 1956 efforts were also made the yet by Hansen envisaged technical independence further to develop and to perfect. Thus the parliament building now has an emergency generator, which ensures, any time, adequate electricity supply of the house in case of failure of the city network, and a variety of other technical facilities, which guarantee a high supply autonomy. Not only from basic considerations in the sense of seperation of powers but also from the possibility of an extraordinary emergency, is this a compelling need. National Council and the Federal Council as the elected representative bodies of the Austrian people must at all times - especially in case of disaster - the material conditions for their activity have guaranteed. This purpose serve the mentioned facilities and many others, sometimes very complicated ones and the persons entrusted with their maintenance. To the staff of the Parliamentary Administration therefore belong not only academics, stenographers, administrators, secretaries and officials of the room service as in each parliament, but also the with the maintenance of the infrastructure of the parliament building entrusted technicians and skilled workers.
Analogous to other parliaments was for years, even decades tried to acquire or to rent one or the other object near the Parliament building. Finally one was able in 1981 to start with a basic conversion or expansion of the house Reichsratsstrasse 9 under planning by the architect Prof. Dr. Sepp Stein, in this connection was given the order the parliament building through a tunnel with the house in the Reichsratsstrasse to connect. With this tunnel not only a connection for pedestrians should be established, but also a technical integration of the two houses. In the basement of the building in which in early 1985 could be moved in, confluences the road tunnel; furthermore it serves the accommodation of technical rooms as well as of the storage, preparation and staff rooms for a restauration, a main kitchen and a restaurant for about 130 people are housed on the ground floor. On the first floor are located dining rooms for about 110 people; workrooms for MPs are in the second, offices in the third to the sixth floor housed. Ten years after the house Reichsratsstrasse 9 another building could be purchased, the house Reichsratsstrasse 1, and, again under the planning leadership of architect Prof. Dr. Sepp Stein, adapted for the purposes of the Parliament. This house also through an in the basement joining under road tunnel with the Parliament building was connected. The basement houses storage rooms, the ground floor next to an "info-shop" where information materials concerning the Austrian Parlament can be obtained, the Parliament Post Office and the printery. In the six upper floors are offices and other work spaces for different departments of the Parliamentary Administration. The previously by these departments used rooms in the Parliament building were, after it was moved into the house Reichsratsstrasse in 1994, mostly the parliamentary clubs made available. Already in 1992 by the rental of rooms in a building in the Schenkenstraße for the parliamentary staff of the deputies office premises had been created.
Pallas Athene
Parliament Vienna
The 5.5 meter high monumental statue of Pallas Athena in front of the parliament building in Vienna gives not only the outside appearance of this building a striking sculptural accent, but has almost become a symbolic figure of the Austrian parliamentarism. The Danish architect Theophil Hansen, according to which draft in the years 1874-1884 the parliament building has been built, has designed this as a "work of art (Gesamtkunstwerk)"; thus, his planning also including the figural decoration of the building. The in front of the Parliament ramp to be built monumental fountain should according to Hansen's original planning be crowned of an allegoric representation of the Austria, that is, a symbolization of Austria. In the definitive, in 1878 by Hansen submitted figure program took its place Pallas Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom. The monumental statue was realized only after Hansen's death, but according to his design by sculptor Carl Kundmann in 1902.
Meeting room of the former House of Representatives
The meeting room of the former House of Representatives is largely preserved faithfully and now serves the meetings of the Federal Assembly as well as ceremonies and commemorative meetings of the National Council and the Federal Council. Architecturally, the hall is modeled on a Greek theater. Before the end wall is the presidium with the lectern and the Government Bench, in the semicircle the seats of the deputies are arranged. The from Carrara marble carved statues on the front wall - between the of Unterberger marble manufactured columns and pilasters - represent Roman statesmen, the by Friedrich Eisenmenger realised frieze painting depicts the emergence of political life, and the pediment group above it should symbolize the daily routine.
Portico
The large portico, in its proportions recreating the Parthenon of the Acropolis of Athens, forms the central chamber of the parliament building and should according to the original intention serve as a meeting place between members of the House of Representatives and of the Imperial Council. Today it functions as a venue, such as for the annual reception of the President of the National Council and the President of the Federal Council for the Diplomatic Corps. When choosing materials for the parliament building, Theophil Hansen strove to use marbles and stones from the crown lands of the monarchy, thus expressing their attachment to their Parliament. For example, consist the 24 monolithic, that is, produced from one-piece, columns, each more than 16 tons of weight, of the great hypostyle hall of Adnet marble, the floor panels of Istrian karst marble. When in the last months of the Second World War the Parliament building was severely affected by bomb hits, also the portico suffered severe damage, and the two columns in the north-west corner of the hall were destroyed, the edge ceiling construction with the richly gilded coffered ceiling and below the ceiling running frieze painting by Eduard Lebiedzki have been severely damaged. The two destroyed columns in 1950 were replaced by two new ones, broken from the same quarry as the originals, but not exhibiting the same pattern. The parts of the Lebiedzki frieze which have been restorable only in the 90s could be restored.
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GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: WHAT’S AHEAD FOR EMERGING MARKETS? Over the last decade, the majority of the growth has occurred in the so-called BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—but growth has slowed. What’s the outlook for these economies and can they sustain growth? Who are the new leaders and how can multinational corporations capitalize on these increasingly important markets? Which factor is most likely to slow progress in emerging markets: a shortage of skilled workers, too much red tape and corruption, or fierce local competition?
Confirmed panelists:
John Faraci, Chairman and CEO, International Paper Co.
Joseph Jimenez, Chief Executive Officer, Novartis AG
Peter Sands, Group Chief Executive, Standard Chartered PLC
Michael Smith, Chief Executive Officer, ANZ Bank
Moderator: Rana Foroohar, Assistant Managing Editor, TIME Magazine
The new House of Waterford Crystal
The new, high-tech House of Waterford Crystal has opened its doors in Waterford City, Ireland, allowing visitors to explore the history and craftsmanship of the world’s premier crystal manufacturer. The center, which comprises an actual crystal factory tour, visitor center and opulent retail store, houses the largest collection of Waterford Crystal in the world.
Visitors can interact with the skilled workers as they watch the crystal mix being transformed into glass in a 1200ºC (2192ºF) furnace before being blown and decorated with deep engravings. They can watch the glass being formed into the products they see on sale in luxury stores around the globe and learn about the production techniques through audiovisual displays and chatting to the craftsmen. Many of the most prestigious pieces of Waterford Crystal, which have been presented to celebrities and politicians, are also on display.