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Seaman apprentice Roger Priest is flanked by his father Roger A. Priest and mother Pauline Priest April 27, 1970 following a court martial sentence of a reprimand, reduction in rank and a bad conduct discharge for promoting disloyalty for his antiwar newsletter OM.
Priest worked in the Navy’s Office of Information at the Pentagon when he published his mimeographed alternative GI newsletter and faced charges of up to six years hard labor, forfeiture of pay and grade and a dishonorable discharge.
OM had a print run of 1000 and featured anti-Vietnam War articles and information as well as acting as a “gripe” forum for armed service members.
The court martial at the Washington Navy Yard included charges of soliciting fellow soldiers to desert, urging insubordination and making statements disloyal to the United States
The Navy charges were all based around the issue of free speech in the military and would become nationally publicized at a time when GIs were increasingly resisting the Vietnam War, including refusal of orders to go to Vietnam and refusal of orders to fight for those who shipped out.
Upon appeal, the conviction was reversed and he was granted an honorable discharge.
The following excerpts of Roger Priest’s anti-Vietnam War activities and subsequent court martial are from “His crime was speech” by Dale M. Brumfield posted on the Lessons from History site:
The Defense Department reported that in 1970, almost 245 underground presses published at least one anti-Vietnam edition on America’s military bases.
But it was one fearless sailor working inside the Pentagon, Journalist Seaman Apprentice Roger L. Priest, that pushed hardest against military boundaries and caused the Defense Department the biggest headaches.
Roger Priest entered the Navy in October 1967 and was transferred to the Pentagon’s office of Navy Information in January 1968.
“I was anti-Vietnam before I got into the service,” Priest told Washington Post writer Nicholas von Hoffman. “I thought I could live this lie … and I’m not even killing, I’m just shuffling papers.”
Throughout 1968, Priest became more disgusted with America’s role in Southeast Asia, leading him to create the only underground paper published by someone who actually worked inside the Pentagon. It was published on his own time and with his own funds and was one of the few such papers to use the creator’s real name instead of a pseudonym.
“How many more women and children must be burned before the people of the United States realize the horrendous crime they are committing against a peasant people?” he wrote in his paper he called OM — the Servicemen’s Newsletter before later changing it to Om — the Liberation Newsletter.
1,000 copies of the first mimeographed issue of OM appeared on April 1, 1969. The next morning, within 90 minutes of arriving at his desk, he was abruptly reassigned to the Navy and Marines Exhibit Center at the Washington Navy Yard. “I don’t care if they send me to the North Pole,” Priest told the Washington Post, “I’ll write my stuff on ice cubes if I have to.”
Exercising his First Amendment rights while knowing full well he was placing himself in the U.S. Navy’s crosshairs, Priest published a second edition of OM on May 1, then a third one on June 1, each with a press run of 1,000 copies.
Priest also raised the ire of the Navy when he made an antiwar group the beneficiary of his service life insurance and urged other soldiers to do the same. In his case, if he was killed by the Viet Cong in Southeast Asia, the War Resistor’s League would receive his $10,000 payout.
OM was unapologetically blunt. “Today’s Pigs are tomorrow’s bacon” stated one headline in issue two that described Joint Chiefs Chairman General Earl Wheeler. OM called Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird “People’s enemy no. 1” and “a practicing prostitute and a pimp.”
Other statements appearing in the paper that crossed the Navy included “Our goal is liberation … by any means necessary,” and “Shoot a pig!” A headline in another issue read “Be Free Go Canada,” then listed the addresses of groups in Canada aiding military deserters. The article also explained that “landed immigrant status” was available in Canada to deserters.
On June 12, 1969 Priest was interrogated about OM by the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI). Three days later, fourteen official charges were lodged against him, including soliciting fellow soldiers to desert, urging insubordination, making statements disloyal to the United States, using “contemptuous words” against South Carolina Representative L. Mendel Rivers, and worse, not stating in the paper that his statements were his own opinions, and not those of the U.S. Navy.
Von Hoffmann wrote on June 25, 1969, that Priest was accused of “everything that’s happened to the Navy except perhaps stealing the [U.S.S.] Pueblo.” Priest also noticed at this time that he was being followed around by civilians in Ford Fairlanes and Plymouth Valiants.
“… This whole thing hinges on free speech, freedom of the press,” Priest told von Hoffman. “They’re not talking about my military behavior … they’re talking about what I do on my own free time, outside of the Navy, in my own apartment … in other words my rights as an American citizen.”
In July, Priest published a special “Best & Worst” issue of OM in conjunction with a defense fund called LINK, “The Servicemen’s Link to Peace.” On July 21, Priest — holding a sign that read “My crime is speech” — led a demonstration of about 100 people in front of the National Archives building. The next day an article 32 pre-court martial investigation convened at the Naval Air Station in Anacostia.
Just over 100 members of the Navy Ceremonial Guard armed with M-1 rifles, live ammo and gas masks stood watch as Navy aviator Commander Norman Mills conducted the proceedings. Priest was represented pro-Bono by Washington Attorney David Rein.
“If I can be put away for a number of years in prison for the mere writing of words — an act so basic to the founding of this country that it finds its basis in the First Amendment of the Constitution — then my crime is speech,” Priest said in his opening statement. “But let me tell you this: OM will go on, for others will take up the pen where I leave off.”
During this trial, the prosecution admitted that approximately 25 naval intelligence agents were assigned to follow and harass Priest (hence the Fairlanes and Valiants). Furthermore, when a letter found in Priest’s trash was introduced as evidence, ONI special agent Robert Howard testified that the Washington DC department of sanitation provided a truck exclusively for trash pickup at Priest’s apartment building.
Attorney Rein said that this activity alone “brought more discredit on the armed services than anything Roger Priest has done.”
A furious DC Mayor Walter Washington promised a “full and complete investigation” of the sanitation department when director, William Roeder was quoted as saying “If the police ask us to do this, we cooperate with them.” He later denied making the statement.
“City Denies Trash Spying” trumpeted the Washington Post in embarrassing contradiction to the testimony of ONI Agent Howard.
Despite the disorganization of the proceedings, Priest was ordered to appear before a general court-martial on charges that he solicited members of the military to desert and commit sedition, and that he published statements “urging insubordination, disloyalty, and refusal of duty by members of the military and naval forces with intent to impair loyalty, morale and discipline.”
The combined charges carried a maximum sentence of 39 years in prison and a dishonorable discharge.
During this time Priest kept a low profile at his Navy job, obeying orders and being careful to not break a single regulation. His strategy was to force the Navy to court-martial him only for OM’s contents, which he created on his own time, and not on some extraneous charge that disguised the political nature of his battle.
Not to be held down, Priest published “The Court-Martial Edition” of OM in October 1969.
In it, OM bestowed the “Green Weenie” award to the “25+” people “assigned to gather information, interrogate, follow and harass” him.
“ONI left no stone unturned or garbage can unmolested, nor did they mind to stoop to entrapment in trying to deny the constitutional rights of free speech and free press to Seaman Roger Priest,” OM declared.
By April, Priest had become a hero to other like-minded servicemen across the country. LINK Director Carl Rogers estimated his organization spent over $17,000 in buttons, posters, postage and travel expenses for Priest’s speaking engagements.
“No group like ours,” Rogers warned, “can begin to counter the resources and the manpower of the Pentagon … to harass and oppress dissenters.” Rogers also reported, however, that the court-martial had backfired on the Pentagon, resulting in about 10,000 reprints of OM (far more than the original press run of 1,000) and 10,000 “OM” buttons distributed in a little over two months.
Priest gained support from the infamous Chicago 7 — Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, Rennie Davis, John Froines, and Lee Weiner
Priest also gained an unlikely ally when New York Senator Charles Goodell issued a statement September 5 that said in part, “When Roger Priest enlisted in the Navy, he accepted certain well-defined responsibilities as a soldier. He did not, however, forfeit his constitutional rights as a citizen of the United States.”
The court-martial board convicted Priest only on two minor counts of promoting “disloyalty and disaffection among members of the armed forces.” They recommended Priest be reprimanded, reduced to the lowest pay grade and receive a bad conduct discharge, but no jail time.
Thrilled with the outcome, Attorney Rein said he would nonetheless appeal the bad conduct discharge.
On February 11, 1971, a panel of Navy appeals judges reversed that conviction and awarded Priest an honorable discharge, citing the grounds of reversal on a “technical error” by Judge Raymond Perkins where he failed to explain to the court-martial that disloyalty to the Navy or a superior officer was not the same as disloyalty to the United States.
Also, upon review of the case, the reprimand was dropped by Rear Admiral George Koch, commandant of the Washington Naval District.
Priest’s case presented a conundrum regarding military dissent: How does a country impress young men into the army to fight a war they ideologically oppose or even outright despise? Are men so profoundly disaffected reliable soldiers?
An anonymous columnist proposed a somewhat cynical solution off-record to von Hoffman: “You can’t fight imperialist wars [anymore] with conscript armies. You have to use mercenaries.”
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsmLuExUi
The photographer is unknown. The image is an Associated Press photograph housed in the D.C. Library Washington Star Collection.
TEXT: The Supreme Court sentenced Army captain Pedro Fernandez
Dittus to 600 days in prison for his responsibility in the burning
death of Rodrigo Rojas DeNegri and the serious burns sustained by
Carmen Gloria Quintana in July 1986.
This ruling, in what has come to be known as
"Caso Quemados", doubled a 1991 sentence from the Martial Court,
which had sentenced Fernandez to 300 days imprisonment and
which was later suspended. Fernandez has no chance of having his
600 day sentence suspended, but the 180 days he spent in prison in
1986 will be discounted.
The victims' family lawyers had appealed the Martial Court
decision that held Fernandez responsible for mere negligence in the
death of Rodrigo Rojas. Yesterday's Supreme Court ruling was
divided. Judge Adolfo Banados, lawyer German Vidal, and Army
general auditor Fernando Torres Silva voted for the 600 day
sentence under charges of negligence; Judges Mario Garrido and
Eleodoro Ortiz and lawyer Eugenio Velasco voted for a sentence of
five years for murder and 541 days for serious injuries. In case of a
tie vote, the Code of Justice establishes that the sentence most
favorable to the accused prevail.
On the morning of July 2, 1986, a day of national protest
against the military dictatorship, a military patrol commanded by
Fernandez Dittus intercepted a group of young people in Los Nogales,
municipality of Estacion Central in the capital. All escaped except
Rojas and Quintana, who were severely beaten by military personnel,
and later soaked with gasoline and set afire. Once in flames and
unconscious, patrol members wrapped them in blankets and drove
them to an isolated road in the outskirts of Santiago.
Rodrigo Rojas and Carmen Gloria Quintana were taken to a
hospital by local dwellers who found them, but Rojas died four days
later due to his injuries. Carmen Gloria Quintana underwent a long
medical treatment in Chile and Canada, but still sustains disfiguring
scars as a result of her burns.
The final sentence states that Fernandez Dittus did not take
enough precautions in the "accidental combustion" of inflammable
material, and that he was negligent in not taking the two to a
hospital on time.
Lawyer Hector Salazar, representing the DeNegri and Quintana
families, affirmed that the sentence is too lenient, and is not
proportional to the crime committed and the commotion it caused in
Chile and abroad.
Carmen Gloria Quintana was also upset with the sentencing,
saying that it reflects "a country divided among those who recognize
that there were human rights violations and injustice and those who
keep denying it."
"For me this sentence is very painful," said Quintana, "because
it was our last opportunity for justice... I have waited eight years for
justice, and they sentence him to only 600 days. Something broke
inside me today; I don't know how I will explain all that happened
to my daughter."
Fernandez Dittus was a lieutenant in 1986. A year after Rojas'
death and Quintana's burns, he was promoted to captain. He will
now probably be dismissed from the Army.
The Civil Rights Congress and the Virginia Committee to Save the Martinsville Seven publish a flyer November 8, 1950 explaining why the Virginia case of seven black men sentenced to death was important for the fight against white supremacy.
The Martinsville 7 were charged with the rape of a white woman, Ruby Stroud Floyd, in a black neighborhood of Martinsville, Virginia on January 8, 1949. After a long legal battle led by the NAACP and a grassroots campaign led by the Civil Rights Congress, the seven were executed in 1951 on February 2nd and February 5th.
The mass executions were the largest in Virginia in modern times. Every single one of the 45 men executed by Virginia’s electric chair for rape at that point were African American men charged with assaulting white women.
The seven executed were all workers. Three worked in a sawmill, one was a plasterer's helper, one a stonecutter and one a foundry man.
On January 31, a mass demonstration of over 400 took place in Richmond to demand a halt to the planned executions despite the virulent racist opposition of many white supremacists.
Meanwhile, other demonstrators picketed the White House in support of the sevcen. Hundreds stayed in Richmond for a prayer vigil until the executions took place.
The hope generated by the Scottsboro campaign in the 1930s was followed by bitter setbacks in the post-World War II period. The campaigns to stop the legal lynching of the Martinsville 7 and Willie McGee in Mississippi were met with red-baiting and gruesome determination by the white elite to protect strict racial codes.
In denying appeals to commute the Martinsville 7 death sentences, Virginia’s Governor John S. Battle said, that the wave of messages that flooded his desks was “cosponsored” by the Civil Rights Congress and the Communist Party.
“The propaganda emanating from these sources bears no semblance of truth and is designed for no other purpose than to foment ill feeling between the races and to mislead those who have no knowledge of the true fact of these cases.”
The seven executed were Francis Grayson, James L. Hairston, John Claybon Taylor, Frank Hairston, Jr., Booker T. Millner, Howard Lee Hairston and Joe Henry Hampton.
For a PDF of this 8 ½ x 11, one-sided, flyer, see washingtonspark.files.wordpress.com/2019/12/1950-11-08-ma...
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsjWUExj5
Image courtesy of Papers of the Civil Rights Congress. New York Public Library. Archives Unbound.
"Tucson man sentenced to prison in mortgage fraud scheme - The Daily Progress" t.co/K3aoO3Y6pp (via Twitter twitter.com/downpaymentaz/status/819511066602442752)
Sentencing of Paul Manafort in Virginia, by Judge Ellis. Reporters run out with news of the sentence imposed.
Our family friend, John, has what he calls his funeral suit. I suppose we are now reaching the point where I need one too. In fact, I have lost several friends, former colleagues from The Mob, something that will accelerate as the years pass.
Last week, I noticed that a friend of mine on Flickr, Günter, had not commented on any shots for a few weeks. He used to leave funny one sentence comments that almost always brought a smile.
The lastest shot on his photostream was of a fresh grave.
His.
Sadly, Günter passed away on New Year's Day, and his family posted this last shot to let the world know. Or his friends, anyway.
We had visited his and his wife in Bonn, and he had come to stay with us too, we share interests in railways, photography and beer.
It came quite a shock I can tell you.
Online, people come and go, mostly without fanfare or announcement. One day they are there, and then they're not. Did they just get fed up, or something more terminal?
Most of the time, we'll never know.
I am lucky in that I have met many online friends in real life, sometimes here in Kent, but also in the US too, so know they are more than screen names and photos, but real people with lives, who are pretty much as wonderful as thei online presence would have you believe.
Life goes on, of course, but I will miss Günter, and sad for the fact we will not raise beers in a friendly toast to each other.
We woke at half six, I went to the bathroom and looked out the window. Still too early for birds, but there wasn't a breath of wind either, nor any cars to be seen moving. So it looked like someone had paused time.
Cleo is perpetual motion, however, and coming downstairs revealed her to be always on the move until her food is placed just where she wants it.
I went to Tesco by myself, with a list as long as a long thing, while Jools stayed behind and fed the hungry washing machine two loads of dirty laundry. Good news is that Tesco was fully stocked with fresh produce, including rapsberries from Spain. We like them for breakfast at weekends, its a hard habit to break.
Back home to unload and makaid breakfast; fruit and yogurt followed by warmed croissants.
Jools said she had been sitting all week, so would not come with me to go churchcrawling, so I go on me tood, driving up the M20 to Maidstone, to revisit All Saints church, where I had not been for over 12 years. I had checked Google, and it said the church would be open from 10:00.
I timed it to arrive dead on ten. I parked the car opposite, and didged traffic to get over the main road, I went to the first door only to find it locked. But a sign suggested there were two more possible ways in, so walked round, checked the north door, and that was locked too. That only left the west door, under the tower, to try. That was ajar, so my hopes lifted. Only to find the inner door locked.
Maybe I was too early?
A lady came in, I asked about the church. She said she was a bellringer, and disappeared up the steps to the ringing loft, where sounds of poorly rung bells could be heard.
I went round the church one more time, ending back at the west door, and again all way in were locked.
Sigh.
But there was a runners up prize; a church on the edge of town, in what used to be a village, at Bearsted. THe sat nav told me it was just a ten minute drive away.
So, I drove across town, through the crazy one-ways system, out the other side and along to Bearsted, where there were ancient timber framed houses, so old they had settled over the centuries into strange angles, none of which were right ones.
I found church lane, which wound its way through a modern housing estate, parked outside the chuchyard, and I could see a nice "church open" sign before I got out.
Although it looked spendid from the outside, inside it had been reordered at least twice, so that any ancient features were well hidden indeed. Even the glass, usually a rescuing act for over restored churches, were either just average or poor here. But it was my first visit here, so another tick in the box.
I now had to get home, as Jools is joining the speaking ciruit, as a lady has asked Jools to lead classes in beaded jewellery making.
I hightailed it back to the motorway, and once on, settled down to cruise back down to Dover and home, getting back at half twelve, with an hour to spare before Jools had to leave for the class.
So, it was just me an the cats for a few hours. There was football to entertain me, so I sat beside Scully on the sofa and watched the Championship game while she dozed beside me.
At three, it was time to concentrate on Norwich away at Millwall, one of six teams above us, and a win here would put us back in the play-offs. It was an exciting game, Millwall took the lead, only for City to level before half time, and then score two more early in the 2nd half. Millwall plled one back in the last ten minutes, but we hung on to win 3-2.
Not perfect, but a win at the New Den where they had been unbeated since September. And then, along came Nodge.
Dinner was a rushed one of pizza and iced squash, as we were going out to a gig.
Lawrence was the singer in an indie band in the 80s called Felt. He then formed Denim, an ironic pop band for the 90s, which also stiffed. He now fronts Mozart Estate, which does a fine line in ironic pop. Still.
We drive over th Ramsgate, to a small venue called The Music Hall. We were early, but got in, and went to the bar where we chatted to a couple about our age about music. In fact, most folks were about "our age".
First up was a young female singer/songwriter, who strummed her guitar along to her 6th form poetry.
The hall, which was barley bigger than our living room was about 50% full, but comfortable. We went to find somewhere to sit, thinking that the bar would be empty, only to find it rammed with more people than when we left it half an hour before.
We went to get some air, and finding nowhere to sit, went to the car.
Jools was shattered and fell asleep, and I really did not feel like being rammed into that room unable to see the band, and not able to lean against a wall to rest my back.
I said we'd go home.
So we did.
I don't regret it.
We got back at ten, Jools went to bed, while I had a glass of sloe port.
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Holy Cross church stands to the south of the village green at the end of a cul de sac. Its noble tower is crowned with queer sculptures, slightly reminiscent of Alnwick Castle. The exterior has a nicely textured effect, but this leads to an unexpectedly clean interior - the result of much care and attention and recent reordering. Whilst it cannot pretend to be in the top league of Kent churches it offers a fine selection of 19th and 20th century glass and some fine wall tablets. West tower, nave, chancel, north aisle and chapel, south porch.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Bearsted
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BERSTED.
BERSTED lies the next parish north-westward from Leeds. It was antiently written Bergestede, and most probably took its name from its situation, Berg, in Saxon, signifying a hill, and stede, a place or village.
THE PARISH lies mostly on what may be called high ground, a pleasant, and the greatest part of it a dry situation; the soil is in general a deep sand, though towards the south-west part it partakes of the quarry rock, and on the south side of the Lenham river a black moorish soil of fertile meadow ground. This river parts it towards the south from Osham, another smaller stream, which rises near Boxley, separates it on the western side from that parish and Maidstone, leaving within the bounds of it a part of the hamlet of Maginford. Besides the above, this parish is watered by two or three other smaller rivulets, which rise northward, and run here into the Lenham river, the easternmost of them separating it from Hollingborne and Leeds. The high road from Ashford and Lenham towards Maidstone, runs along the northern boundaries of it, passing over Bersted-green, the houses round which form the parish village, near it stands the church; besides this there are two other hamlets, called Ware and Roseacre-streets. In the south-east part of the parish is the seat of Milgate, pleasantly situated and wellcloathed with trees, at the back of which the ground descends to the river, and at a small distance that of Lower Milgate, so called from its lower situation still nearer the river.
A fair used to be held here on Holy Cross day, September 14, now by the alteration of the style, changed to Sept. 25, for pedlary, toys, &c.
The noble family of Bertie own this parish to have been their most antient habitation in this kingdom, for they are said to have possessed lands in it near the parsonage, at Strutton-street, and elsewhere in this neighbourhood, as early as the reign of king Henry II. and among the Harleian MSS. there is a grant of arms, anno 2 Henry VI. to Bartie, of Berested, in Kent; they continued here in king Henry the VIIth.'s reign, as appears by an antient rental of that time, and there are still lands, called Barty lands, in this parish and Thurnham; and from those of this name settled here, in a direct line was descended the dukes of Ancaster, now extinct, and from them the lady Willbughbye, of Eresbye; the earls of Abingdon, and other distinguished branches of this family claim their descent.
The manors of Leeds, Moathall, and Thurnham, extend over this parish, in which there is an estate belonging to the former of them, which has constantly passed through the same succession of owners, from the family of Crevequer, who were proprietors of it in the reign of William the Conqueror, to the Rev. Dr. Denny Martin Fairfax, of Leeds-castle, who is at present in the possession of it.
MILGATE is an eminent seat, situated in the southeast part of this parish, which was formerly esteemed a manor, though it has long since lost the reputation of ever having been one.
The family of Coloigne antiently possessed this estate; one of whom, Robert de Coloigne, died possessed of it in the 35th year of king Edward III. In process of time, his descendants came to be called Coluney; one of whom, Thomas Coluney, as appears by an old survey of Bersted, possessed it in the 14th year of Edward IV. Soon after which, that is, in the beginning of king Henry VII.'s reign, it was become the property of the family of Stonehouse, whose antient seat was at Haslewood, in Boughton Malherbe.
Robert Stonehouse, esq. was of Bersted, at the latter end of king Henry VIII.'s reign. His son, George Stonehouse, esq. was clerk of the green cloth to queen Elizabeth, and resided at West Peckham, where he died in 1575, whose eldest son William was created a baronet anno 4 Charles I. and Nicholas, the second, was of Boxley, in this county. He bore for his arms, Argent, on a fess sable, between three hawks volant, azure, a leopard's face, between two mullets, or. (fn. 1) In the beginning of the reign of queen Elizabeth he alienated this seat to Thomas Fludd, esq. afterwards knighted, who was son of John Fludd, esq. of Morton, in Shropshire, and bore for his arms, Vert, a chevron between three wolves heads, erased, argent; which coat, with his quarterings, was confirmed to him by Robert Cook, clarencieux, in 1572. He resided at Milgate, where he died in 1607, and was buried in this church, having considerably improved and augmented this seat. His son Thomas Fludd, esq. afterwards of Otham, succeeded him in this estate, which he alienated in 1624, to William Cage, of Farringdon, in Hampshire, barrister-at law, who resided here. He was bred at Lincoln's-inn, an utter barrister, and was descended from Richard Cage, of Packenham, in Suffolk. He bore for his arms, Per pale, gules and azure, a saltier, or, and a chief, ermine, which was an alteration from the antient arms of this family, viz. Azure and gules, over all a saltier, or; and, together with an addition to the crest, was granted to him by St. George, clarencieux, in 1624, (fn. 2) and in his descendants it continued down to Wm. Cage, esq. who was likewise of Milgate, and was sheriff in 1695, and represented the city of Rochester in several parliaments during queen Anne's reign. Of his sons, William died s. p. Lewis will be mentioned hereafter; and John was of Lower Milgate, esq. Lewis Cage, the second son, became at length possessed of Milgate, where he resided, and left one son Lewis, and a daughter Catherine, who married first, Mr. George Eastchurch, of Maidstone; and secondly Christopher Hull, esq. but died s. p. On his death, Lewis Cage, esq. his son, succeeded him in this seat, where he now resides.
He married Annetta, second daughter and coheir of Edward Coke, esq. of the White Friars, in Canterbury, by whom he had four sons; Lewis Cage, esq. of Lower Milgate, who married Fanny, eldest daughter of Sir Brook Bridges, bart. the Rev. Edward Cage, rector of Easling, who married Jane, second daughter of Charles Van, esq. of Monmouthshire; John, who died in the West-Indies unmarried in 1789, and the Rev. Charles Cage, of Cristmell, vicar of Bersted, who married Elizabeth, daughter of colonel Graham, and one daughter Catherine, as yet unmarried.
AT A SMALL DISTANCE westward from Milgate, there is a good house, called COMBES, alias LOWER MILGATE, which on the death of William Cage, esq. came to his youngest son John Cage, as before-mentioned, who died s. p. It is now the property of Mrs. Brander, the widow of Gustavus Brander, esq. and daughter of Francis Gulston, esq. by a daughter of William Cage, esq. Lewis Cage, esq. junior, at present resides in it.
MOAT-HALL is a manor in this parish, the mansion of which, from the materials with which it was built, was called Stonehouse. It antiently belonged to the neighbouring priory of Leeds, as appears by several old boundaries and papers, and was most probably part of those demesnes given to it at its first foundation, by Robert de Crevequer, in the reign of king Henry I. These demesnes appear by a rental of the time of king Henry VII. to have been held of the manor of Leeds, though they have been long since accounted parcel of this manor of Moat-hall.
On the dissolution of the priory in the reign of king Henry VIII. this manor, among the rest of the possessions of it, was surrendered into the king's hands, who afterwards, by his dotation-charter, in his 33d year, settled this manor, among other premises, on his new founded dean and chapter of Rochester, with whom it remains at this time.
The present lessee of it, under the dean and chapter, is Mr. William Usborne. There is a court baron held for this manor.
AT A SMALL DISTANCE southward from the church lies an estate called OTTERIDGE, formerly Oterashe, which in the reign of king Henry VIII. belonged to Simon Bertyn, one of the brethren of St. Bartholomew's hospital, beside Sandwich, who by will in 1530, devised it to Jeffry Merchant, of Rainham.
It afterwards came into the possession of the family of Munns, who continued possessors of it for several generations, till at length one of them sold it, with Aldington, in the adjoining parish of Thurnham, to William Sheldon, esq. whose descendant Richard Sheldon, esq. at his death, bequeathed it to his widow, and she re-marrying with William Jones, M. D. entitled him to it. He died in 1780, leaving by her two daughters; Mary, married to Lock Rollinson, esq. of Oxfordshire, and Anne, to Thomas Russell, esq. and they in right of their wives, are respectively entitled to it.
Charities.
SIMON BERTYN, one of the brethren of St. Bartholomew's hospital, near Sandwich, owner of Otteridge, in this parish, which he devised, together with his messuage called Buds, with its lands and appurtenances, in Allyngton, beside Thurnham, by his will in 1530, to Jeffry Marchant, ordered that the said Jeffry and his heirs male, should for ever yearly distribute, on the first Sunday of Lent, in the church of Berghsted, to the parish clerk there, and to other poor people, four bushels of green peas; that is to say, to every one of them, one peck.
EDWARD GODFREY, gent. of Thurnham, gave by his will in 1709, thirty shillings yearly out of lands in this parish, called Crouch field, for the schooling of poor children; half of them to be of this parish, and half of that of Thurnham. And he left 30s. yearly for the same use, to be paid out of an house called Rose acre, in this parish; the payment of which has been constantly refused, upon pretence, that he had no right to devise that charge on it.
The poor constantly relieved are about forty-five; casually twenty five.
BERSTED is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester, and deanry of Sutton.
The church is situated on high ground, at a small distance southward of Bersted-green. It is dedicated to the Holy Cross, and is a handsome building, consisting of two isles and two chancels, with a square beacon tower at the west end of it. On three corners of the summit of the tower, are the figures of three dogs, or bears sejant, for they are so defaced by great length of time, that they can but be guessed at. If they represent the latter, they might have been placed there in allusion to the name of this parish: if not, these figures might perhaps be the crest of the founder of the church. In this church in the Milgate chancel, are monuments for the Cage family, and for Robert Fludd, M. D. A memorial for William Godfrey, jun. in 1690; and for Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Bosvile, esq. of Bradburne, justice and clerk of the court of wards, married first to Edward Mabb, gent. of this parish; and secondly, to William Godfrey, of Bersted, yeoman, obt. 1614. In the porch, against the east wall, is a small monument for Stephen Mason, of Boxley, citizen and vintner of London, obt. 1560, arms, A thevron, between three tuns, or barrels.
There were some lands and tenements in this parish, given by several persons, who stiled themselves the fraternity of the Holy Cross of Bersted, for a priest to sing mass yearly for one quarter of a year, in this church.
The church of Bergnestede, with all its rights and appurtenances, was given in the reign of Henry I. by Robert de Crevequer, son of Hamo de Crevequer, junior, to the priory of Leeds, then founded by him; which gift was confirmed by Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, in the reign of Henry II. who then appropriated this church to the canons there, towards the finding of lights and ornaments in their church. Archbishops Theobald and Hubert confirmed it likewise, as did John, prior, and the convent of Christ-church, in 1278, by the description of the church of Berghestede, with the tithes of Strutton. King Edward III. likewise confirmed it by his charter of inspeximus in his 41st year.
This church, together with the advowson of the vicarage, remained part of the possessions of the priory of Leeds till the dissolution of it, in the reign of king Henry VIII. when it was surrendered up into the king's hands, among other estates belonging to it.
After which, the king, by his dotation charter, in his 33d year, settled both the parsonage and advowson of the vicarage of this church on his new-founded dean and chapter of Rochester, with whom they now remain.
¶On the intended dissolution of deans and chapters, after the death of king Charles I. the possessions of the dean and chapter of Rochester, in this parish, were surveyed in 1649, by order of the state; when it was returned, that the parsonage or rectory of Bersted consisted of a messuage, barns, &c. which, with the tithes and glebe land of forty acres, were of the improved rent of 46l. 8s. per annum, which were let anno 13 Charles I. at the yearly rent of 9l. 13s. 4d. and four bushels of malt, for the term of twenty-one years; and the lessee covenanted to discharge the pension of forty shillings to the vicar, and to repair the chancel of the church. Out of which lease was excepted, the advowson of the vicarage, and the portion of tithes called Vintners Portion.
The vicarage is a discharged living in the king's books, of the clear yearly certified value of thirty pounds, the yearly tenths of which are 12s. 9d.
In 1649, the vicarage was valued in the abovementioned survey at twenty pounds per annum.
The parsonage is leased out by the dean and chapter to Mr. John Packman, but the advowson of the vicarage they reserve in their own hands.
The vicarage is endowed with all manner of tithes, except grain, and the vicar now enjoys the abovementioned pension of forty shillings from the lessee of the dean and chapter.
Jewish deportation: Dark chapter in the history of the city
Only Jews are expelled ... Every Jew is considered to be transportable; except for the Jews who are actually bedridden. "Sentences of a cynical manual of criminals.
The camp in Gurs: 108 Constance Jews and four other Jews who were in the city on October 22, 1940, dragged the Nazis to the southern French internment camp. The deportation was largely unobtrusive. Pictures of that day from Constance do not exist.
It was by no means an expulsion, it was a deportation on 22 October 1940: 108 Constance Jews were dragged along with thousands of others from Baden, the Palatinate and from the Saarland. Ultimate destination: Gurs, southern France. Only a few survived.
This day, almost 70 years ago, is one of the darkest chapters in city history. Two years after the Reichspogromnacht (Reich's Crystal Night), the Nazi regime struck up with full force.
Constance, too, should be free of Jews. Jürgen Klöckler, head of the Konstanz Municipal Archive, explains that this was deliberately run in an unobtrusive manner. The Gestapo (secret state police) came with their civilian cars. It drove up, arrested the Jews, listed what they were allowed to take with them: a hand-bag, a blanket, dishes and drinking vessels, some provisions, and a hundred Reichsmarks. At Petershaus station the train was ready for departure. Up to five hours, people had to wait until they got moving. The train stopped at all railway stations along the Schwarzwaldbahn route from Singen, Radolfzell to Offenburg. Further Jews forced to deportation had to go up. Altogether it were spread over several trains 6504 from Baden, the Palatinate and the Saarland. At the behest of the Baden INTERIOR MINISTRY, and by ordinance of October 15, 1940, they were officially expelled, the "Volljuden [Nazi terminology for a person with at least three Jewish grandparents]". Their fortune snatched the Naziregime. At public auction in the Council in January 1941, the former belongings were auctioned, so Jürgen Klöckler said. The apartments the Nazis had rented again.
The train was sealed to the French border. Up to this point the passengers against their will were not given any food or liquid. A priest and some helpers looked after the needy during a stop at a French station. Of the deportees were "two-thirds old people," explained Stadtarchivar Klöckler. Why? For many young Jews the Reichspogromnacht was a last warning in November 1938, when the Nazis broke the Constance synagogue. They left the country and escaped to Switzerland and America. In addition, many of the male Jews who had been arrested in the Reichspogromnacht were dragged to Dachau and tortured. When they were released, they had to commit themselves to emigration. "Official goal of the National Socialists until 1938 was the forced emigration of the Jews," added Jürgen Klöckler. Whoever could not do this or do, who did not flee or failed to escape, was faced with a cruel fate. When the deportees arrived at the Gurs internment camp, 900 people were already trapped there - primarily Spain fighters of the Civil War from 1936 to 1939. Within a few days, the figure rose to 13,000 people, including Jews from France. Other camps were in Recebedou and Rivesaltes. The conditions in Gurs were devastating. In the roughly 380 barracks it was dark. Between 50 and 60 people were accommodated in one block, they spent the night on straw. Tables, chairs and beds did not exist. "We slept with rats, fleas and bugs," said Paul Niedermann during a lecture in Constance.
As a toilet served a hole in the floor outside the blocks. Medical care was poor, hygiene was poor, epidemics such as dysentery, typhus, and tuberculosis were rampant. "We have ten to fifteen dead every day, mostly old people ...", wrote the nurse Else Liefmann from Gurs. The internees tried to make LIFE as pleasant as possible in spite of all the harsh conditions: poets wore serious and cheerful songs; on Sundays, there were small concerts.
Those who were able to escape from Gurs by 1942 were lucky; either on his own strength, after the bribery of the supervisor, or with the assistance of others. "30 Constance Jews have survived," explains the city archivist. The death factories like Auschwitz were waiting for all the others. On August 6, 1942, the first transports began. From this date, says Klöckler, "no one has survived any more".
Sources: Erich Bloch: Stories of the Jews of Constance; State Center for Civic Education: "... it happened in broad daylight".
The city keeps a low profile. Info: Constance's memorial days.
Juden-Deportation: Dunkles Kapitel in der Stadtgeschichte
Ausgewiesen werden nur Volljuden…Jeder Jude gilt als transportfähig; ausgenommen sind nur die Juden, die tatsächlich bettlägerig sind.“ Sätze einer zynischen Bedienungsanleitung von Verbrechern.
Das Lager in Gurs: 108 Konstanzer Juden sowie vier weitere Juden, die sich in der Stadt am 22. Oktober 1940 aufhielten, verschleppten die Nazis in das südfranzösische Internierungslager. Die Deportation lief weitgehend unauffällig ab. Bilder von jenem Tag aus Konstanz gibt es nicht.
Denn von einer Ausweisung konnte nicht die Rede sein, es war eine Deportation am 22. Oktober 1940: 108 Konstanzer Juden wurden mit tausenden anderen aus Baden, der Pfalz und aus dem Saarland verschleppt. Endstation: Gurs, Südfrankreich. Nur wenige überlebten.
Dieser Tag vor fast genau 70 Jahren zählt zu den dunkelsten Kapiteln in der Stadtgeschichte. Zwei Jahre nach der Reichspogromnacht schlug das Naziregime mit voller Härte zu.
Auch Konstanz sollte, so das Ziel, frei von Juden sein. Und das lief bewusst unauffällig ab, um kein Aufsehen zu erregen, erläutert Jürgen Klöckler, Leiter des Konstanzer Stadtarchivs. Die Gestapo (geheime Staatspolizei) kam mit ihren zivilen Autos. Sie fuhr vor, verhaftete die Juden, listete auf, was sie mitnehmen durften: Einen Handkoffer, eine Wolldecke, Ess- und Trinkgeschirre, etwas Verpflegung und 100 Reichsmark. Am Petershauser Bahnhof stand der Zug zur Abfahrt bereit. Bis zu fünf Stunden mussten die Menschen eingepfercht warten, bis er sich in Bewegung setzte. An allen Bahnhöfen entlang der Schwarzwaldbahnstrecke – von Singen, Radolfzell bis Offenburg – stoppte der Zug. Weitere zur Deportation gezwungene Juden mussten zusteigen. Insgesamt waren es auf mehrere Züge verteilt 6504 aus Baden, der Pfalz und dem Saarland. Auf Geheiß des badischen INNENMINISTERIUMS und mit Verordnung vom 15. Oktober 1940 wurden sie, die „Volljuden“, offiziell ausgewiesen. Ihr Vermögen riss das Naziregime an sich. Das einstige Hab und Gut wurde, so Jürgen Klöckler, bei einer öffentlichen Auktion im Konzil im Januar 1941 versteigert. Die Wohnung ließen die Nazis erneut vermieten.
Der Zug war bis zur französischen Grenze verplombt. Bis dorthin erhielten die Passagiere wider Willen weder Nahrung noch Flüssigkeit. Ein Pfarrer und einige Helfer versorgten die Notleidenden bei einem Halt auf einem französischen Bahnhof. Von den Deportierten waren „zwei Drittel alte Menschen“, erläutert Stadtarchivar Klöckler. Warum? Für viele junge Juden war die Reichspogromnacht im November 1938, als die Nazis die Konstanzer Synagoge sprengten, eine letzte Warnung – sie verließen das Land und flüchteten unter anderem in die Schweiz und nach Amerika. Zudem wurden viele in der Reichspogromnacht verhafteten männlichen Juden nach Dachau verschleppt und gequält. Bei der Freilassung mussten sie sich zum Auswandern verpflichten. „Offizielles Ziel der Nationalsozialisten war bis 1938 die erzwungene Auswanderung der Juden“, fügt Jürgen Klöckler hinzu. Wer dies nicht tat oder tun konnte, wer nicht flüchtete oder dessen Flucht scheiterte, dem stand ein grausames Schicksal bevor. Als die Deportierten im Internierungslager Gurs ankamen, waren dort bereits 900 Menschen gefangen – in erster Linie Spanienkämpfer des Bürgerkriegs von 1936 bis 1939. Innerhalb weniger Tage stieg die Zahl auf 13 000 Menschen, auch Juden aus Frankreich trafen ein. Weitere Lager standen in Recebedou und Rivesaltes. Die Zustände in Gurs waren verheerend. In den rund 380 Baracken war es finster. Zwischen 50 und 60 Menschen waren in einem Block untergebracht, sie nächtigten auf Stroh. Tische, Stühle und Betten gab es nicht. „Wir schliefen mit Ratten, Flöhen und Wanzen“, schilderte Zeitzeuge Paul Niedermann bei einem Vortrag in Konstanz.
Als Toilette diente abseits der Blocks ein Loch im Boden. Die medizinische Versorgung war schlecht, die Hygiene mangelhaft, es grassierten Epidemien wie Ruhr, Typhus und Tuberkulose. „Wir haben täglich zehn bis 15 Tote, meist alte Leute…“, schrieb die Kinderärztin Else Liefmann aus Gurs. Die Internierten versuchten, sich das LEBEN trotz aller widrigen Umstände so angenehm wie möglich zu gestalten: Dichter trugen Ernstes und Heiteres vor, sonntags gab es kleine Konzerte.
Glück hatten jene, die bis 1942 aus Gurs flüchten konnten; entweder aus eigener Kraft, nach Bestechung von Aufsehern oder mit fremder Hilfe. „30 Konstanzer Juden haben überlebt“, erläutert der Stadtarchivar. Auf all die anderen warteten die Todesfabriken wie Auschwitz. Am 6. August 1942 starteten die ersten Transporte. Ab diesem Datum, sagt Klöckler, „hat keiner mehr überlebt“.
Weitere Quellen: Erich Bloch: Geschichten der Juden von Konstanz; Landeszentrale für politische Bildung: „...es geschah am helllichten Tag“.
Die Stadt übt sich weitgehend in Zurückhaltung. Info: Konstanzer Gedenktage
www.suedkurier.de/region/kreis-konstanz/konstanz/Juden-De...
Italian postcard. Photo Vettori, Bologna, No. 562.
Antonio Gandusio (Rovigno d'Istria/now Rovin, Croatia, 29 July 1873 – Milano, 23 May 1951) was an Italian stage and screen actor, who had a rich career in the 1930s and 1940s Italian cinema.
Born in what was the still Austro-Hungarian Istria, Gandusio was one of the most famous comic actors of the twentieth-century theater. He went to law studies pushed by his father, a lawyer, and graduated studying first in Genoa and then in Rome, where he cultivated his passion for acting that prompted him to study at a theater school and, subsequently, to find engagements at some of the most renowned theater companies of the time. In 1899 he obtained an engagement with Alfredo De Sanctis and, subsequently, began long collaborations with the companies of Irma Gramatica, Flavio Andò, Evelina Paoli, Lyda Borelli, Ugo Piperno, Virgilio Talli, Maria Melato and Annibale Betrone, obtaining the opportunity to work with actors of the caliber of Tina Di Lorenzo, Sergio Tofano and Uberto Palmarini. His physical characteristics (a graceless voice, a slight hump, an irregular face) made him suitable for the role of a comedian. In the wake of his family's tradition of Irredentismo, which had historically provided captains to the Republic of Venice, he was sentenced to death by the Austrian military court in 1915, because he refused to join their army after the outbreak of the First World War. In 1918 he became the leader of a theatre company, staging a repertoire based mainly on 'pochades' and farces. Among the various productions, however, were also those of the plays by Luigi Pirandello, of which Gandusio was a sensitive interpreter. The managerial activity led him to become an interpreter of part of the new Italian dramaturgy represented by the work of Luigi Chiarelli and Luigi Pirandello. In 1930-1931 he ran a stage company with Dina Galli, in 1931-1932 he ran another one with Lola Braccini, Anna Magnani, Luigi Almirante, Ada Dondini and others. In his role as manager, he had the opportunity to direct actors such as Paolo Stoppa, Nico Pepe, and Nando Gazzolo. Antonio Gandusio died shortly before making some stageplay recordings for RAI television. In his hometown, the city theater takes his name.
While in the silent era, Gandusio had three scarce, supporting roles in Rinunzia (Carmine Gallone, 1914) starring Soava Gallone, Strana (Alfredo Robert, 1917), and Il romanzo di un giovane povero (Amleto Palermi, 1920) starring Pina Menichelli and Luigi Serventi, Gandusio's film acting career really set off when sound had set in, from the early 1930s, peaking in the later 1930s with such films as L'albero di Adamo (Mario Bonnard, 1938) based on a play by Testoni, Per uomini soli (Guido Brignone, 1938), Eravamo 7 sorelle (Nunzio Malasomma, 1939), Eravamo sette vedove (Mario Mattoli, 1939), and Frenesia (1939), all with Gandusio in the lead, or at least the male lead oppositie such actresses as Elsa Merlini and Betty Stockfeld. Or he was the second man of films like Cose dell'altro mondo (Malasomma, 1939). During the war years Gandusio film career remained high with his leads in Manovre d'amore (Gennaro Righelli, 1940), Se non son matti non li vogliamo (Esodo Pratelli, 1941), Le signorine della villa accanto (Gian Paolo Rosmino, 1942). Well-known films of the 1940s in which Gandusio had major parts were Stasera niente di nuovo (Nothing new tonight, Mario Mattoli, 1942) with Alida Valli, and La vispa Teresa (Lively Teresa, Mattoli, 1943) with Lilia SIlvi. After the war, Gandusio still acted in a handful films, including the drama Lo sconosciuto di San Marino (The Unknown Man of San Marino, Michał Waszyński 1948) with Vittorio De Sica, but he stopped acting after 1948.
The whole archive of Antonio Gandusio, on his request, is kept at the Fondazione Casa Lyda Borelli in Bologna.
Sources: IMDB, Italian Wikipedia.
Four of six Maryland and District of Columbia communists are led from federal court in Baltimore, Md. April 4, 1952 off to prison after being sentenced for violating the Smith Act.
Between two agents at the left are Maurice Braverman (left), an attorney; and Philip Frankfeld, former head of the Maryland-D.C. Communist Party. At right, a marshal has Leroy H. Wood, District of Columbia party chair (nearest camera) and George A. Meyers (obscured by Wood), a former Celanese Mills worker who succeeded Frankfeld as Maryland-D.C. party chair.
Not pictured are Regina Frankfeld, wife of Phillip Frankfeld and former school teacher; and Dorothy Rose Blumberg, a party worker and wife of another former Maryland-D.C. party chair.
Judge Calvin Chestnut gave succinct instructions to the jury:
“Personal feelings have no part in this trial. The issue is whether the government has proved that the defendants were Communist Party members and, if so, whether you believe they conspired to advocate violent overthrow of the government.”
Several informers testified that the six were party members—all but Braverman admitted that they were members, though years later Braverman also acknowledged his membership.
Much of the rest of the testimony revolved around putting into evidence passages from Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin and Josef Stalin. One informer testified that new party members were taught from Marxist texts in a party school.
The six received sentences as follows:
Phillip Frankfeld: Five years imprisonment, $1,000 fine.
Regina Frankfeld: Two years imprisonment, $1,000 fine.
George Aloysius Meyers: Four years imprisonment, $1,000 fine.
Leroy Hand Wood: Three years imprisonment, $1,000 fine.
Dorothy Rose Blumberg: Three years imprisonment, $1,000 fine.
Maurice L. Braverman: Three years imprisonment, $1,000 fine.
Meyers also received a 30-day sentence for contempt of court after he refused to name other party members during the trial.
Judge Chestnut permitted the defendants to make a statement before sentencing. All were unrepentant, but denied the charges of conspiracy and any contemplated violence.
Meyers said in part:
“I would like to say here this morning that it is not in any spirit of defiance of the courts of the United States, but rather a feeling of anger that such a thing could happen in my country, and also a feeling of complete confidence that this whole ruling will be reversed, and also this act which was brought out in 1940 by which we are brought into court will be reversed either in the courts or by the final court of public opinion of the American people, which is the decisive thing in our American life.”
“Now the government has obtained a conviction on what we consider a framed-up trial through the use of stool-pigeon witnesses and excerpts from books.”
“After they get a guilty verdict, does that bring closer days of peace? Does it bring down the cost of living? Is there any nearer the end of the Jim Crow system in Maryland and this country? Or the people from my part of the state, are they getting any more jobs with this problem of unemployment? Which has not been helped in any way by this verdict—questions have still to be answered.”
“There is one thing I would like to say specifically about this charge, that is the use of the Negro people in our party, in our program, and I want to say this now to you, sir, and to the representatives of the Department of Justice and if the whole Department of Justice will utilize the laws that they have, including the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and its amendments, and wipe our every form of discrimination against the Negro people here in Baltimore, in the factories, the mills, throughout this area, in the entire state, you will never hear another word from me or my party about any of this discrimination.”
Wood declared:
“Something has happened here that with the education and background I have had, I never thought could have happened in the United States, that an American political party was put on trial for being really the only opposition party, and because of their opposition, because of our opposition to big business and because of the fact they interfered with the legal purpose of big business, they are found guilty.”
“The important thing is the fact that here we have the opposition being silenced in this nation, in this country, which is so contrary to the traditions that we have had here for many years and I think the important thing is the danger that is placed before American democracy.”
Blumberg repudiated the charges of teaching violence:
“I feel that all my life and all my activities are a complete repudiation of that charge, that the people who know me—and there are many—know that such an idea is completely repugnant in my nature.”
“They also know that I would never associate myself with any organization or any party that would advocate force and violence.”
“I am a woman. I am a mother of two children, and I am a grandmother of two little boys. My only wish, my dearest wish is that they grow up in a world of plenty and peace for all.”
I have bent every effort I had in taking every opportunity that I have had in working for peace. I think that is possible and attainable, and I believe that peaceful coexistence of all nations in the world is possible and attainable.”
“I sincerely believe that my party, the Communist Party, also is working for the attainment of permanent peace in the world.”
“I want to say, also, that as and when this world of peace and plenty is finally attained, and I have every confidence that it will be, that everything that I have done or experienced will be well worth while.”
Regina Frankfeld was proud of her association with others who want to change the world for the better:
“I wish to associate myself with the statements of my codefendants and with the millions of mothers, Negro and white, in our country, and throughout the world who stand with the unshakable determination that there will be a better world.”
“I further want to associate myself with the men and women of courage whose lives are devoted to building a new and better world, a world that will be free of economic crisis and fear of atomic war where there will be real brotherhood of men and women.”
Phillip Frankfeld stood in solidarity with the others convicted:
“I wish to associate myself completely and with great pride in the others who have spoken before me.”
Braverman challenged the restriction on civil liberties:
“Social progress can best be achieved through the free exchange of ideas. In all my activities as a lawyer and as a citizen, I urged the fullest use of the democratic processes guaranteed the people by our Constitution and the Bill of Rights, the right to petition for redress of grievances, the right to freedom of assembly and political association, the right to freely express oneself.”
“The government has used the Smith Act to prosecute men and women for their ideas. Repressive seditious legislation has been used in the past against people because of their ideas of social progress and social welfare.”
“The government hopes that by my conviction it will intimidate lawyers from representing and associating with communists.”
“I am confident that the American people and the American bar will resist this attack upon a free and independent bar. I am confident that I will yet be acquitted of this charge of conspiracy.”
The defendants were ultimately released on bail while their appeals progressed. However, their appeals were swiftly denied and by early 1953, all had reported to prison for their sentences.
While in prison Regina Frankfeld had privileges revoked when authorities alleged that her sister was passing clandestine notes to her. Her husband was placed in solitary confinement for attempting to recruit other inmates into the Communist Party.
The courts later voided essentially all the provisions under which the defendants went to prison, but it was too late for them to avoid jail time.
In 1958, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Clinton Jencks that Communist Party defendants in criminal cases must be given an informant’s FBI reports. Jencks was a labor leader made famous when he starred as himself in the blacklisted film Salt of the Earth.
In the Maryland Communist Party case, paid informant Mary Markward had testified that the defendants would take up arms against the U.S. government while in previous testimony before the House Un American Activities Committee she testified they never explicitly said so. The defendants were not given her FBI reports during trial.
A later ruling by the U.S Court of Appeals found that this protection must also be extended to government administrative proceedings such as those requiring registration of communist labor union officials and federal employees.
In Yates v. United States (1957), the Court interpreted the language of the Smith Act as making it criminal to incite to action for the forcible overthrow of government, but not to teach the abstract doctrine of such forcible overthrow. In doing so, it stated that the “essential distinction is that those to whom the advocacy is addressed must be urged to do something, now or in the future, rather than merely to believe in something.”
Scales v. United States (1961), involved a challenge to the membership clause of the Smith Act, which made it a felony to acquire or hold knowing membership in any organization advocating the overthrow of the government by force or violence. The Court upheld the membership clause but interpreted it as requiring that active membership and specific intent were required and also noted that a “blanket prohibition of association with a group having both legal and illegal aims” would pose “a real danger that legitimate political expression or association would be impaired.”
In Communist Party of the United States v. Subversive Activities Control Board (1961), the Supreme Court upheld an order that required the Communist Party of the United States to register as a “Communist-action organization” under the act. But later in Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board (1965), declared that registration of an individual amounted to self-incrimination and violated the Fifth Amendment
Maurice Braverman, jailed and disbarred for years, remarked in 1974:
"If someone had come to me in 1943 and said, 'If you join the Communist Party you'll be ostracized, imprisoned, suffer tremendous economic loss, your kids will be hurt, you'll go through 20 bad years,' I would not have joined it. But on the other hand I like where I am now, I like my head now that I've got it together, and if the only way to get there is to go through what I have, I’d go through it again.”
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHskAr2KCx
The photographer is unknown. The image is from a wire service that did not identify itself in the slug. It is housed in the D.C. Library Washington Star Collection © Washington Post.
A divine sentence is in the lips of the king: his mouth transgresseth not in judgment.
Proverbs 16:10 King James Version
Joel Shannon, USA TODAYAugust 6, 2020
The Louisiana’s Supreme Court has denied a request to review the case of a Black man who received a life sentence following an attempted burglary conviction, a punishment one dissenting judge called "cruel and unusual" given the object he allegedly stole was a set of hedge clippers.
Bernette J. Johnson, the state's first African-American Chief Justice, wrote a scathing dissent published last week. Johnson said the conviction stemmed from the defendant's repeated petty crimes and the state's strict habitual offender laws, which she said have historical ties to slavery and racism.
The case, as described by The Washington Post and a 2000 Louisiana Court of Appeal opinion published by The Free Law Project, involves a 1997 incident in which Fair Wayne Bryant was convicted of attempted burglary.
The event occurred after Bryant's vehicle stalled and he admitted going into someone's carport looking for a tank of gas. He was discovered and fled.
After later being stopped by police, Bryant faced allegations that hedge clippers found in his vehicle were stolen from the carport, a claim he denied.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=lStrK6A-Akw
At greater issue in the case: Evidence suggesting Bryant intended to commit a theft, and his previous criminal record. He received a life sentence and has been unsuccessful in his attempts to appeal it.
Johnson, the court's only Black judge, was the only judge to support reviewing the case. vh2.tv/black-mans-life-sentence-in-stolen-hedge-clippers-...
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"I occur back again Lacoste polo shirts this time, not is appear to hunt you trouble, I at most at the following the foolish will stroll for 12 days, both of these times period, we cant have you of household, bed, having said that, you have to provide us with the meals and ingest and probably want the amount of , I'll also figure out to you personally."The leaf Zhong Ren beats a leaf water root on the other hand may be to occur to 1 to dismount Wei, isnt definitely file enemy, he sweeps see below at present village community particular person of hometown, way, " the leaf is luxuriant spare property within your home just, your wife stays to carry tea to pour water, the other folks all stroll."
Complete saying, leaf the Zhong Ren choose knife Ba a couple of faces go to the leaf is luxuriant just of property.
"Make your spouse dont can be found in to start polo ralph lauren with, wait around we to finish talking to settle a dispute experience to come over again."The leaf Zhong Ren ordered a sentence, he in which would not right up until leaf is luxuriant of cheap ralph lauren polo shirts does the spouse carry tea to pour water?He just as outlined by sparse consider, the leaf is simply luxuriant within the wife is an other areas of place appear of, extremely spectacular, noble, he hasnt come out the time of horizontal sand before, almost every day inside of the evening all chase leaf luxuriant just of spouse be end up being inside a aspiration lover Xie to obtain a good time.
Once sitting down down, the leaf Zhong Ren touches a cigarette sparking and deeply absorbed, then getting out a phone.
"Sung eldest brother, my leafs Zhong Ren."
"Occupy?"Telephone that of tone, look to possess some inhospitality.
"Southern metropolis on the sky needs position of affair, believe that always you also knew?Six clouds of 6 southerly sons are green, unexpectedly grew productive, he is the spokesperson of cloud county underground influence now, and even now had my sunlight day off hotel."The leaf Zhong Ren absorbed smoke again, way, " Sung eldest brother may also help the Chen brothers one?"
"This affair, who cant help you, either."
"What?"The leafs Zhong Ren facial expression significantly alterations, way, " Sung eldest brother, I firstly immediately after sitting down the place of cloud Lan community eldest brother, but six handed around to go out to your south all savingses while in the hands, make an effort of cash you happy, completely wrong now, choose to pretend not concerned for your ?"
"You be not presently sit very last the position of cloud Lan space eldest brother?Our numerous men and women has already passed to harass, cant allow you, but cant drop the stone in very well for you in addition."Telephone that may be silent following, once more way, " six cloud green circumstance, we also recognized for some time, as outlined by your realistic strenght, the moment seeking this hole isnt way too complex."
"You "
Listen to the opposite celebration hang a phone, leaf Zhong Ren spirit of the nike air max 180 dash for the floor the cellular phone, fell off just one polo ralph lauren outlet sparse Ba Lan.
famous inspirational phrases, sentences, thoughts, advices, proverbs, wisdom comments, truths, laws under creative commons license by Anima Revolution Group. Images to share, modify, adapt and more, wallpapers or as part of a screensaver.
Syntactic Structure of the sentence, "John hit the ball." An example of grammar analysis.
I used this diagram to illustrate a blog post, "Google Penalty for Low Quality Writing?" In that post, I describe how the search engines like Google could easily be performing some basic-level text analysis and spellchecking in order to automatically generate quality scores for documents. Spammers and lower-quality sites often use a combination of algorithmically-generated text, screen-scraped text, and offshore writers to create a corpus of text for webpages in order to appear relevant for keyword phrases. However, using grammar analysis, Google could penalize such sites for poor sentence composition, nonsensical sentences, and spelling errors.
Contrary to what many believe, actually surprisingly few prisoners were executed inside the walls of the Tower of London. Most prisoners sentenced to death were given public executions at various sites across London - including Tower Hill. Private executions inside the walls here were reserved for only the most sensitive, high profile cases involving prominent figures in society such as nobility and royalty. The executions at the Tower of London commemorated by the new Memorial on the Site of Execution are: A) the seven beheaded near the Site of Execution - their remains are still buried in the Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula located within the Tower; and B) three Black Watch soldiers who were executed in the 18th century.
This notional scaffold site on Tower Green was railed off and the memorial inscription renewed in 1866 under orders from Queen Victoria. As we know that for each execution the scaffold was temporarily erected in a different position within the Tower, it is possible that this site for the memorial was chosen because it is well placed in front of the Chapel.
In 1483 William, Lord Hastings was hurriedly beheaded after his arrest at a meeting of the royal council on the orders of the Protector, Richard, Duke of Gloucester; while Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, former favourite of Elizabeth I, died on her orders at first light on a February morning in 1601. The five female victims were the only English women to suffer death by beheading for treason. Queen Anne Boleyn (1536) and Queen Catherine Howard (1542), Henry VIII's second and fifth wives, had both been convicted of adultery. Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford, Catherine's lady-in-waiting, was implicated in her crime and was executed with her. In 1541 Henry ordered the execution of another of his kinswomen, the 70-year-old Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. Lady Jane Grey, a cousin to the Tudors and briefly declarred Queen, was executed by Queen Mary in 1554 for trying to take the throne and secure the Protestant succession on the death of Edward VI. On July 19 1743, three soldiers from the Black Watch regiment were shot at the Tower on charges of mutiny.
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Amanda's very-first-ever Ren Fair experience!! Peter and I try to go
to the Ren Fair, which is held at the town of Larkspur, at least once
a year. And no, that last sentence was NOT a typo ... the Ren Fair
pretty much IS the town of Larkspur. Allow us to take you on an
epic, epic journey through the heart of a magical adventure that can
only be expressed by two words: Turkey shank.
Here we are at the entrance to the Renaissance Fairgrounds, being
heckled by what I can only assume is a fairy, a jester and a very
confused homeless man.
It is Peter Robinson's tradition to buy at least one ice-cream
sandwich to eat at the Renaissance Fair from the dirty old cart
vendor. Here he is, standing in front of Ye Olde Dragon Climbing
Tower looking nobly into the distance ...
Here are Peter and Amanda, enjoying Peter's ice cream sandwich
together. As we all know, usually this kind of encroaching on food
would get a man killed in Peter's presence, but Amanda has just
suffered through the horrors of Ye Olde Privy. For those less savvy
of you, thaaaat's a port-o-potty.
DAMMIT! If I had known I could get a totally awesome Gandalf style
walking stick no WAY would I have thrown down for those collapsible
lightweight walking sticks from REI!!
At the Renaissance Fair, a magical alternate universe, they WANT you
to touch them.
Yes, people, didgeridoos. At the Ren Fair. We know.
"Please touch."
"OK, but maybe not you. You're sketchy."
This picture needs no justification. I love you, Satan.
Notice that as the day wears on the awesomeness of our pictures
increases exponentially.
Amanda and I got on the swing together! My new husband insisted that
he couldn't join us because "simple harmonic rides make me vomit."
Then he took another sip of his cider from his stein, which by this
point had turkey gristle floating in it.
You may not be able to extrapolate it from this photo, but in about .
5 seconds, Amanda Schuldt is going to kick this man pushing our swing
directly in the balls. As Amanda puts, "there was full, up-tunic
contact, with a distinct squishing sensation". Best 3 dollars I ever
spent.
Peter Robinson: Your New Wife.
Your New, Graceful and Tactful Wife.
The one with the lazy eye.
PEOPLE. I NEED YOU TO UNDERSTAND. THIS IS A WEDDING PROCESSIONAL.
THE GIRL IN WHITE JUST GOT MARRIED. LIKE, FOR REALS. AT THE
RENAISSANCE FAIR. I'm sorry for my urgent tone. It's just that this
is the fate I narrowly escaped.
Not all wedding processionals are attended by Johnny Depp and his pet
elephant!
This is my photojournalistic side coming out. I want you all to
really look at what this woman is eating. I mean reaaaally look.
(It helps if you know that in the background the bar wenches are
singing "I married a man with no balls.")
I have no words. OTHER THAN HUZZAH!!!
Once again, the photojournalist within. This image has SOOOOO much
going for it. We have the dude in the awesome Green Lantern t-shirt,
who obviously thought he was going to ComiCon and is saddened and
confused by the fixation of this place on swords and fairies. You
have the 3 year old being smothered by an inappropriately large
pirate hat. And you have the man I assume to be the proud father,
wearing a full-on hiker's pack but failing to see the utility of a
shirt.
I do not know what kind of "history lessons" this gentleman is
pimping but I feel confident they end with tears and a moist towelette.
Ima and her husband of 12 years, married at the Renaissance Fair a
week from today, with the giddy couple.
Amanda, looking happier and happier every time we see her with that
beer stein, also with the creepy clown couple.
The road not taken ... the Ren Fair wedding chapel.
"Yay!! We DIDN'T get married HERE!"
OK, guys. I was a little upset about the ice cream sandwiches and
the didgeridoos, but SERIOUSLY, the llama is PUSHING IT.
Mugs! Made out of the finest leather and plywood money can buy!!
OK, SERIOUSLY??? The llama, and now there are TWO COMPETING
didgeridoo vendors at the REN FAIR?? Goddammit.
Seriously, happier and happier ...
Now THIS is why I come to the Ren Fair!!
Ladies and gentlemen, my husband. A very special, special man.
Let's analyze: Root Beer Float stand, "I'm voting for Pedro" t-
shirt, ice cream sundae with whipped cream and chocolate toppings.
There is NOTHING in this picture that is even remotely connected to
the Renaissance, but that's okay because Peter Robinson has a look of
joy on his face that can only be expressed by a boyman with special
treat.
There are times at the fair when you capture a scene so inherently
geektastic that it imprints on you eternally. This scene of the
pasty white boy with the long hair and no business walking around
without a shirt on but STILL WITH A GIRL is one of them. Miracles
can happen, boys.
The joust!!!! OK, so I know this picture is awesome, but there are
some elements that made this scene even more awesome on an aural
level. There was a man on a side-stage with a mini carillon (for
those of you who aren't familiar, that is the instrument made out of
bells that people play in old-school bell towers) and a synthesizer.
He played the opening to Carmina Burana. ON A CARILLON. EPIC.
I challenge you!!
Oh SNAP! He's dismounted and that dude is jousting him in the FACE!
Continued chaos and hilarity.
Boo yeah.
SWORDFIGHT!!
2600 x 2600 pixel image designed to work as wallpaper on most iOS devices.
Image source: www.pexels.com/photo/food-chicken-meat-outdoors-8572/
Typeface: Globa, Hello Lucky
Rugby organised crime gang sentenced to over 100 years in prison
The last four of 24 men arrested by officers investigating an organised crime group responsible for supplying drugs in the Rugby area were sentenced at Northampton Crown Court on Wednesday 11 January 2012 to a total of 12 years and 2 months. Seven others, including John Logue who controlled a number of drug dealers in the Rugby area were sentenced in December 2011.
Senior Investigating Officer Detective Inspector Mark Davison, said “This brings the total the gang has been sentenced to to 100 years and 10 months. We are delighted at these sentences. "
Full Press release can be found here: onlinenews.warwickshire.police.uk/wpnews_pressrelease/rug...
Mixed-media art card featuring a page from a vintage grammar book and reproductions of vintage owl engravings
Dimensions: 2.5" x 3.5"
Our family friend, John, has what he calls his funeral suit. I suppose we are now reaching the point where I need one too. In fact, I have lost several friends, former colleagues from The Mob, something that will accelerate as the years pass.
Last week, I noticed that a friend of mine on Flickr, Günter, had not commented on any shots for a few weeks. He used to leave funny one sentence comments that almost always brought a smile.
The lastest shot on his photostream was of a fresh grave.
His.
Sadly, Günter passed away on New Year's Day, and his family posted this last shot to let the world know. Or his friends, anyway.
We had visited his and his wife in Bonn, and he had come to stay with us too, we share interests in railways, photography and beer.
It came quite a shock I can tell you.
Online, people come and go, mostly without fanfare or announcement. One day they are there, and then they're not. Did they just get fed up, or something more terminal?
Most of the time, we'll never know.
I am lucky in that I have met many online friends in real life, sometimes here in Kent, but also in the US too, so know they are more than screen names and photos, but real people with lives, who are pretty much as wonderful as thei online presence would have you believe.
Life goes on, of course, but I will miss Günter, and sad for the fact we will not raise beers in a friendly toast to each other.
We woke at half six, I went to the bathroom and looked out the window. Still too early for birds, but there wasn't a breath of wind either, nor any cars to be seen moving. So it looked like someone had paused time.
Cleo is perpetual motion, however, and coming downstairs revealed her to be always on the move until her food is placed just where she wants it.
I went to Tesco by myself, with a list as long as a long thing, while Jools stayed behind and fed the hungry washing machine two loads of dirty laundry. Good news is that Tesco was fully stocked with fresh produce, including rapsberries from Spain. We like them for breakfast at weekends, its a hard habit to break.
Back home to unload and makaid breakfast; fruit and yogurt followed by warmed croissants.
Jools said she had been sitting all week, so would not come with me to go churchcrawling, so I go on me tood, driving up the M20 to Maidstone, to revisit All Saints church, where I had not been for over 12 years. I had checked Google, and it said the church would be open from 10:00.
I timed it to arrive dead on ten. I parked the car opposite, and didged traffic to get over the main road, I went to the first door only to find it locked. But a sign suggested there were two more possible ways in, so walked round, checked the north door, and that was locked too. That only left the west door, under the tower, to try. That was ajar, so my hopes lifted. Only to find the inner door locked.
Maybe I was too early?
A lady came in, I asked about the church. She said she was a bellringer, and disappeared up the steps to the ringing loft, where sounds of poorly rung bells could be heard.
I went round the church one more time, ending back at the west door, and again all way in were locked.
Sigh.
But there was a runners up prize; a church on the edge of town, in what used to be a village, at Bearsted. THe sat nav told me it was just a ten minute drive away.
So, I drove across town, through the crazy one-ways system, out the other side and along to Bearsted, where there were ancient timber framed houses, so old they had settled over the centuries into strange angles, none of which were right ones.
I found church lane, which wound its way through a modern housing estate, parked outside the chuchyard, and I could see a nice "church open" sign before I got out.
Although it looked spendid from the outside, inside it had been reordered at least twice, so that any ancient features were well hidden indeed. Even the glass, usually a rescuing act for over restored churches, were either just average or poor here. But it was my first visit here, so another tick in the box.
I now had to get home, as Jools is joining the speaking ciruit, as a lady has asked Jools to lead classes in beaded jewellery making.
I hightailed it back to the motorway, and once on, settled down to cruise back down to Dover and home, getting back at half twelve, with an hour to spare before Jools had to leave for the class.
So, it was just me an the cats for a few hours. There was football to entertain me, so I sat beside Scully on the sofa and watched the Championship game while she dozed beside me.
At three, it was time to concentrate on Norwich away at Millwall, one of six teams above us, and a win here would put us back in the play-offs. It was an exciting game, Millwall took the lead, only for City to level before half time, and then score two more early in the 2nd half. Millwall plled one back in the last ten minutes, but we hung on to win 3-2.
Not perfect, but a win at the New Den where they had been unbeated since September. And then, along came Nodge.
Dinner was a rushed one of pizza and iced squash, as we were going out to a gig.
Lawrence was the singer in an indie band in the 80s called Felt. He then formed Denim, an ironic pop band for the 90s, which also stiffed. He now fronts Mozart Estate, which does a fine line in ironic pop. Still.
We drive over th Ramsgate, to a small venue called The Music Hall. We were early, but got in, and went to the bar where we chatted to a couple about our age about music. In fact, most folks were about "our age".
First up was a young female singer/songwriter, who strummed her guitar along to her 6th form poetry.
The hall, which was barley bigger than our living room was about 50% full, but comfortable. We went to find somewhere to sit, thinking that the bar would be empty, only to find it rammed with more people than when we left it half an hour before.
We went to get some air, and finding nowhere to sit, went to the car.
Jools was shattered and fell asleep, and I really did not feel like being rammed into that room unable to see the band, and not able to lean against a wall to rest my back.
I said we'd go home.
So we did.
I don't regret it.
We got back at ten, Jools went to bed, while I had a glass of sloe port.
-------------------------------------------------
Holy Cross church stands to the south of the village green at the end of a cul de sac. Its noble tower is crowned with queer sculptures, slightly reminiscent of Alnwick Castle. The exterior has a nicely textured effect, but this leads to an unexpectedly clean interior - the result of much care and attention and recent reordering. Whilst it cannot pretend to be in the top league of Kent churches it offers a fine selection of 19th and 20th century glass and some fine wall tablets. West tower, nave, chancel, north aisle and chapel, south porch.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Bearsted
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BERSTED.
BERSTED lies the next parish north-westward from Leeds. It was antiently written Bergestede, and most probably took its name from its situation, Berg, in Saxon, signifying a hill, and stede, a place or village.
THE PARISH lies mostly on what may be called high ground, a pleasant, and the greatest part of it a dry situation; the soil is in general a deep sand, though towards the south-west part it partakes of the quarry rock, and on the south side of the Lenham river a black moorish soil of fertile meadow ground. This river parts it towards the south from Osham, another smaller stream, which rises near Boxley, separates it on the western side from that parish and Maidstone, leaving within the bounds of it a part of the hamlet of Maginford. Besides the above, this parish is watered by two or three other smaller rivulets, which rise northward, and run here into the Lenham river, the easternmost of them separating it from Hollingborne and Leeds. The high road from Ashford and Lenham towards Maidstone, runs along the northern boundaries of it, passing over Bersted-green, the houses round which form the parish village, near it stands the church; besides this there are two other hamlets, called Ware and Roseacre-streets. In the south-east part of the parish is the seat of Milgate, pleasantly situated and wellcloathed with trees, at the back of which the ground descends to the river, and at a small distance that of Lower Milgate, so called from its lower situation still nearer the river.
A fair used to be held here on Holy Cross day, September 14, now by the alteration of the style, changed to Sept. 25, for pedlary, toys, &c.
The noble family of Bertie own this parish to have been their most antient habitation in this kingdom, for they are said to have possessed lands in it near the parsonage, at Strutton-street, and elsewhere in this neighbourhood, as early as the reign of king Henry II. and among the Harleian MSS. there is a grant of arms, anno 2 Henry VI. to Bartie, of Berested, in Kent; they continued here in king Henry the VIIth.'s reign, as appears by an antient rental of that time, and there are still lands, called Barty lands, in this parish and Thurnham; and from those of this name settled here, in a direct line was descended the dukes of Ancaster, now extinct, and from them the lady Willbughbye, of Eresbye; the earls of Abingdon, and other distinguished branches of this family claim their descent.
The manors of Leeds, Moathall, and Thurnham, extend over this parish, in which there is an estate belonging to the former of them, which has constantly passed through the same succession of owners, from the family of Crevequer, who were proprietors of it in the reign of William the Conqueror, to the Rev. Dr. Denny Martin Fairfax, of Leeds-castle, who is at present in the possession of it.
MILGATE is an eminent seat, situated in the southeast part of this parish, which was formerly esteemed a manor, though it has long since lost the reputation of ever having been one.
The family of Coloigne antiently possessed this estate; one of whom, Robert de Coloigne, died possessed of it in the 35th year of king Edward III. In process of time, his descendants came to be called Coluney; one of whom, Thomas Coluney, as appears by an old survey of Bersted, possessed it in the 14th year of Edward IV. Soon after which, that is, in the beginning of king Henry VII.'s reign, it was become the property of the family of Stonehouse, whose antient seat was at Haslewood, in Boughton Malherbe.
Robert Stonehouse, esq. was of Bersted, at the latter end of king Henry VIII.'s reign. His son, George Stonehouse, esq. was clerk of the green cloth to queen Elizabeth, and resided at West Peckham, where he died in 1575, whose eldest son William was created a baronet anno 4 Charles I. and Nicholas, the second, was of Boxley, in this county. He bore for his arms, Argent, on a fess sable, between three hawks volant, azure, a leopard's face, between two mullets, or. (fn. 1) In the beginning of the reign of queen Elizabeth he alienated this seat to Thomas Fludd, esq. afterwards knighted, who was son of John Fludd, esq. of Morton, in Shropshire, and bore for his arms, Vert, a chevron between three wolves heads, erased, argent; which coat, with his quarterings, was confirmed to him by Robert Cook, clarencieux, in 1572. He resided at Milgate, where he died in 1607, and was buried in this church, having considerably improved and augmented this seat. His son Thomas Fludd, esq. afterwards of Otham, succeeded him in this estate, which he alienated in 1624, to William Cage, of Farringdon, in Hampshire, barrister-at law, who resided here. He was bred at Lincoln's-inn, an utter barrister, and was descended from Richard Cage, of Packenham, in Suffolk. He bore for his arms, Per pale, gules and azure, a saltier, or, and a chief, ermine, which was an alteration from the antient arms of this family, viz. Azure and gules, over all a saltier, or; and, together with an addition to the crest, was granted to him by St. George, clarencieux, in 1624, (fn. 2) and in his descendants it continued down to Wm. Cage, esq. who was likewise of Milgate, and was sheriff in 1695, and represented the city of Rochester in several parliaments during queen Anne's reign. Of his sons, William died s. p. Lewis will be mentioned hereafter; and John was of Lower Milgate, esq. Lewis Cage, the second son, became at length possessed of Milgate, where he resided, and left one son Lewis, and a daughter Catherine, who married first, Mr. George Eastchurch, of Maidstone; and secondly Christopher Hull, esq. but died s. p. On his death, Lewis Cage, esq. his son, succeeded him in this seat, where he now resides.
He married Annetta, second daughter and coheir of Edward Coke, esq. of the White Friars, in Canterbury, by whom he had four sons; Lewis Cage, esq. of Lower Milgate, who married Fanny, eldest daughter of Sir Brook Bridges, bart. the Rev. Edward Cage, rector of Easling, who married Jane, second daughter of Charles Van, esq. of Monmouthshire; John, who died in the West-Indies unmarried in 1789, and the Rev. Charles Cage, of Cristmell, vicar of Bersted, who married Elizabeth, daughter of colonel Graham, and one daughter Catherine, as yet unmarried.
AT A SMALL DISTANCE westward from Milgate, there is a good house, called COMBES, alias LOWER MILGATE, which on the death of William Cage, esq. came to his youngest son John Cage, as before-mentioned, who died s. p. It is now the property of Mrs. Brander, the widow of Gustavus Brander, esq. and daughter of Francis Gulston, esq. by a daughter of William Cage, esq. Lewis Cage, esq. junior, at present resides in it.
MOAT-HALL is a manor in this parish, the mansion of which, from the materials with which it was built, was called Stonehouse. It antiently belonged to the neighbouring priory of Leeds, as appears by several old boundaries and papers, and was most probably part of those demesnes given to it at its first foundation, by Robert de Crevequer, in the reign of king Henry I. These demesnes appear by a rental of the time of king Henry VII. to have been held of the manor of Leeds, though they have been long since accounted parcel of this manor of Moat-hall.
On the dissolution of the priory in the reign of king Henry VIII. this manor, among the rest of the possessions of it, was surrendered into the king's hands, who afterwards, by his dotation-charter, in his 33d year, settled this manor, among other premises, on his new founded dean and chapter of Rochester, with whom it remains at this time.
The present lessee of it, under the dean and chapter, is Mr. William Usborne. There is a court baron held for this manor.
AT A SMALL DISTANCE southward from the church lies an estate called OTTERIDGE, formerly Oterashe, which in the reign of king Henry VIII. belonged to Simon Bertyn, one of the brethren of St. Bartholomew's hospital, beside Sandwich, who by will in 1530, devised it to Jeffry Merchant, of Rainham.
It afterwards came into the possession of the family of Munns, who continued possessors of it for several generations, till at length one of them sold it, with Aldington, in the adjoining parish of Thurnham, to William Sheldon, esq. whose descendant Richard Sheldon, esq. at his death, bequeathed it to his widow, and she re-marrying with William Jones, M. D. entitled him to it. He died in 1780, leaving by her two daughters; Mary, married to Lock Rollinson, esq. of Oxfordshire, and Anne, to Thomas Russell, esq. and they in right of their wives, are respectively entitled to it.
Charities.
SIMON BERTYN, one of the brethren of St. Bartholomew's hospital, near Sandwich, owner of Otteridge, in this parish, which he devised, together with his messuage called Buds, with its lands and appurtenances, in Allyngton, beside Thurnham, by his will in 1530, to Jeffry Marchant, ordered that the said Jeffry and his heirs male, should for ever yearly distribute, on the first Sunday of Lent, in the church of Berghsted, to the parish clerk there, and to other poor people, four bushels of green peas; that is to say, to every one of them, one peck.
EDWARD GODFREY, gent. of Thurnham, gave by his will in 1709, thirty shillings yearly out of lands in this parish, called Crouch field, for the schooling of poor children; half of them to be of this parish, and half of that of Thurnham. And he left 30s. yearly for the same use, to be paid out of an house called Rose acre, in this parish; the payment of which has been constantly refused, upon pretence, that he had no right to devise that charge on it.
The poor constantly relieved are about forty-five; casually twenty five.
BERSTED is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester, and deanry of Sutton.
The church is situated on high ground, at a small distance southward of Bersted-green. It is dedicated to the Holy Cross, and is a handsome building, consisting of two isles and two chancels, with a square beacon tower at the west end of it. On three corners of the summit of the tower, are the figures of three dogs, or bears sejant, for they are so defaced by great length of time, that they can but be guessed at. If they represent the latter, they might have been placed there in allusion to the name of this parish: if not, these figures might perhaps be the crest of the founder of the church. In this church in the Milgate chancel, are monuments for the Cage family, and for Robert Fludd, M. D. A memorial for William Godfrey, jun. in 1690; and for Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Bosvile, esq. of Bradburne, justice and clerk of the court of wards, married first to Edward Mabb, gent. of this parish; and secondly, to William Godfrey, of Bersted, yeoman, obt. 1614. In the porch, against the east wall, is a small monument for Stephen Mason, of Boxley, citizen and vintner of London, obt. 1560, arms, A thevron, between three tuns, or barrels.
There were some lands and tenements in this parish, given by several persons, who stiled themselves the fraternity of the Holy Cross of Bersted, for a priest to sing mass yearly for one quarter of a year, in this church.
The church of Bergnestede, with all its rights and appurtenances, was given in the reign of Henry I. by Robert de Crevequer, son of Hamo de Crevequer, junior, to the priory of Leeds, then founded by him; which gift was confirmed by Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, in the reign of Henry II. who then appropriated this church to the canons there, towards the finding of lights and ornaments in their church. Archbishops Theobald and Hubert confirmed it likewise, as did John, prior, and the convent of Christ-church, in 1278, by the description of the church of Berghestede, with the tithes of Strutton. King Edward III. likewise confirmed it by his charter of inspeximus in his 41st year.
This church, together with the advowson of the vicarage, remained part of the possessions of the priory of Leeds till the dissolution of it, in the reign of king Henry VIII. when it was surrendered up into the king's hands, among other estates belonging to it.
After which, the king, by his dotation charter, in his 33d year, settled both the parsonage and advowson of the vicarage of this church on his new-founded dean and chapter of Rochester, with whom they now remain.
¶On the intended dissolution of deans and chapters, after the death of king Charles I. the possessions of the dean and chapter of Rochester, in this parish, were surveyed in 1649, by order of the state; when it was returned, that the parsonage or rectory of Bersted consisted of a messuage, barns, &c. which, with the tithes and glebe land of forty acres, were of the improved rent of 46l. 8s. per annum, which were let anno 13 Charles I. at the yearly rent of 9l. 13s. 4d. and four bushels of malt, for the term of twenty-one years; and the lessee covenanted to discharge the pension of forty shillings to the vicar, and to repair the chancel of the church. Out of which lease was excepted, the advowson of the vicarage, and the portion of tithes called Vintners Portion.
The vicarage is a discharged living in the king's books, of the clear yearly certified value of thirty pounds, the yearly tenths of which are 12s. 9d.
In 1649, the vicarage was valued in the abovementioned survey at twenty pounds per annum.
The parsonage is leased out by the dean and chapter to Mr. John Packman, but the advowson of the vicarage they reserve in their own hands.
The vicarage is endowed with all manner of tithes, except grain, and the vicar now enjoys the abovementioned pension of forty shillings from the lessee of the dean and chapter.
Our family friend, John, has what he calls his funeral suit. I suppose we are now reaching the point where I need one too. In fact, I have lost several friends, former colleagues from The Mob, something that will accelerate as the years pass.
Last week, I noticed that a friend of mine on Flickr, Günter, had not commented on any shots for a few weeks. He used to leave funny one sentence comments that almost always brought a smile.
The lastest shot on his photostream was of a fresh grave.
His.
Sadly, Günter passed away on New Year's Day, and his family posted this last shot to let the world know. Or his friends, anyway.
We had visited his and his wife in Bonn, and he had come to stay with us too, we share interests in railways, photography and beer.
It came quite a shock I can tell you.
Online, people come and go, mostly without fanfare or announcement. One day they are there, and then they're not. Did they just get fed up, or something more terminal?
Most of the time, we'll never know.
I am lucky in that I have met many online friends in real life, sometimes here in Kent, but also in the US too, so know they are more than screen names and photos, but real people with lives, who are pretty much as wonderful as thei online presence would have you believe.
Life goes on, of course, but I will miss Günter, and sad for the fact we will not raise beers in a friendly toast to each other.
We woke at half six, I went to the bathroom and looked out the window. Still too early for birds, but there wasn't a breath of wind either, nor any cars to be seen moving. So it looked like someone had paused time.
Cleo is perpetual motion, however, and coming downstairs revealed her to be always on the move until her food is placed just where she wants it.
I went to Tesco by myself, with a list as long as a long thing, while Jools stayed behind and fed the hungry washing machine two loads of dirty laundry. Good news is that Tesco was fully stocked with fresh produce, including rapsberries from Spain. We like them for breakfast at weekends, its a hard habit to break.
Back home to unload and makaid breakfast; fruit and yogurt followed by warmed croissants.
Jools said she had been sitting all week, so would not come with me to go churchcrawling, so I go on me tood, driving up the M20 to Maidstone, to revisit All Saints church, where I had not been for over 12 years. I had checked Google, and it said the church would be open from 10:00.
I timed it to arrive dead on ten. I parked the car opposite, and didged traffic to get over the main road, I went to the first door only to find it locked. But a sign suggested there were two more possible ways in, so walked round, checked the north door, and that was locked too. That only left the west door, under the tower, to try. That was ajar, so my hopes lifted. Only to find the inner door locked.
Maybe I was too early?
A lady came in, I asked about the church. She said she was a bellringer, and disappeared up the steps to the ringing loft, where sounds of poorly rung bells could be heard.
I went round the church one more time, ending back at the west door, and again all way in were locked.
Sigh.
But there was a runners up prize; a church on the edge of town, in what used to be a village, at Bearsted. THe sat nav told me it was just a ten minute drive away.
So, I drove across town, through the crazy one-ways system, out the other side and along to Bearsted, where there were ancient timber framed houses, so old they had settled over the centuries into strange angles, none of which were right ones.
I found church lane, which wound its way through a modern housing estate, parked outside the chuchyard, and I could see a nice "church open" sign before I got out.
Although it looked spendid from the outside, inside it had been reordered at least twice, so that any ancient features were well hidden indeed. Even the glass, usually a rescuing act for over restored churches, were either just average or poor here. But it was my first visit here, so another tick in the box.
I now had to get home, as Jools is joining the speaking ciruit, as a lady has asked Jools to lead classes in beaded jewellery making.
I hightailed it back to the motorway, and once on, settled down to cruise back down to Dover and home, getting back at half twelve, with an hour to spare before Jools had to leave for the class.
So, it was just me an the cats for a few hours. There was football to entertain me, so I sat beside Scully on the sofa and watched the Championship game while she dozed beside me.
At three, it was time to concentrate on Norwich away at Millwall, one of six teams above us, and a win here would put us back in the play-offs. It was an exciting game, Millwall took the lead, only for City to level before half time, and then score two more early in the 2nd half. Millwall plled one back in the last ten minutes, but we hung on to win 3-2.
Not perfect, but a win at the New Den where they had been unbeated since September. And then, along came Nodge.
Dinner was a rushed one of pizza and iced squash, as we were going out to a gig.
Lawrence was the singer in an indie band in the 80s called Felt. He then formed Denim, an ironic pop band for the 90s, which also stiffed. He now fronts Mozart Estate, which does a fine line in ironic pop. Still.
We drive over th Ramsgate, to a small venue called The Music Hall. We were early, but got in, and went to the bar where we chatted to a couple about our age about music. In fact, most folks were about "our age".
First up was a young female singer/songwriter, who strummed her guitar along to her 6th form poetry.
The hall, which was barley bigger than our living room was about 50% full, but comfortable. We went to find somewhere to sit, thinking that the bar would be empty, only to find it rammed with more people than when we left it half an hour before.
We went to get some air, and finding nowhere to sit, went to the car.
Jools was shattered and fell asleep, and I really did not feel like being rammed into that room unable to see the band, and not able to lean against a wall to rest my back.
I said we'd go home.
So we did.
I don't regret it.
We got back at ten, Jools went to bed, while I had a glass of sloe port.
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Holy Cross church stands to the south of the village green at the end of a cul de sac. Its noble tower is crowned with queer sculptures, slightly reminiscent of Alnwick Castle. The exterior has a nicely textured effect, but this leads to an unexpectedly clean interior - the result of much care and attention and recent reordering. Whilst it cannot pretend to be in the top league of Kent churches it offers a fine selection of 19th and 20th century glass and some fine wall tablets. West tower, nave, chancel, north aisle and chapel, south porch.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Bearsted
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BERSTED.
BERSTED lies the next parish north-westward from Leeds. It was antiently written Bergestede, and most probably took its name from its situation, Berg, in Saxon, signifying a hill, and stede, a place or village.
THE PARISH lies mostly on what may be called high ground, a pleasant, and the greatest part of it a dry situation; the soil is in general a deep sand, though towards the south-west part it partakes of the quarry rock, and on the south side of the Lenham river a black moorish soil of fertile meadow ground. This river parts it towards the south from Osham, another smaller stream, which rises near Boxley, separates it on the western side from that parish and Maidstone, leaving within the bounds of it a part of the hamlet of Maginford. Besides the above, this parish is watered by two or three other smaller rivulets, which rise northward, and run here into the Lenham river, the easternmost of them separating it from Hollingborne and Leeds. The high road from Ashford and Lenham towards Maidstone, runs along the northern boundaries of it, passing over Bersted-green, the houses round which form the parish village, near it stands the church; besides this there are two other hamlets, called Ware and Roseacre-streets. In the south-east part of the parish is the seat of Milgate, pleasantly situated and wellcloathed with trees, at the back of which the ground descends to the river, and at a small distance that of Lower Milgate, so called from its lower situation still nearer the river.
A fair used to be held here on Holy Cross day, September 14, now by the alteration of the style, changed to Sept. 25, for pedlary, toys, &c.
The noble family of Bertie own this parish to have been their most antient habitation in this kingdom, for they are said to have possessed lands in it near the parsonage, at Strutton-street, and elsewhere in this neighbourhood, as early as the reign of king Henry II. and among the Harleian MSS. there is a grant of arms, anno 2 Henry VI. to Bartie, of Berested, in Kent; they continued here in king Henry the VIIth.'s reign, as appears by an antient rental of that time, and there are still lands, called Barty lands, in this parish and Thurnham; and from those of this name settled here, in a direct line was descended the dukes of Ancaster, now extinct, and from them the lady Willbughbye, of Eresbye; the earls of Abingdon, and other distinguished branches of this family claim their descent.
The manors of Leeds, Moathall, and Thurnham, extend over this parish, in which there is an estate belonging to the former of them, which has constantly passed through the same succession of owners, from the family of Crevequer, who were proprietors of it in the reign of William the Conqueror, to the Rev. Dr. Denny Martin Fairfax, of Leeds-castle, who is at present in the possession of it.
MILGATE is an eminent seat, situated in the southeast part of this parish, which was formerly esteemed a manor, though it has long since lost the reputation of ever having been one.
The family of Coloigne antiently possessed this estate; one of whom, Robert de Coloigne, died possessed of it in the 35th year of king Edward III. In process of time, his descendants came to be called Coluney; one of whom, Thomas Coluney, as appears by an old survey of Bersted, possessed it in the 14th year of Edward IV. Soon after which, that is, in the beginning of king Henry VII.'s reign, it was become the property of the family of Stonehouse, whose antient seat was at Haslewood, in Boughton Malherbe.
Robert Stonehouse, esq. was of Bersted, at the latter end of king Henry VIII.'s reign. His son, George Stonehouse, esq. was clerk of the green cloth to queen Elizabeth, and resided at West Peckham, where he died in 1575, whose eldest son William was created a baronet anno 4 Charles I. and Nicholas, the second, was of Boxley, in this county. He bore for his arms, Argent, on a fess sable, between three hawks volant, azure, a leopard's face, between two mullets, or. (fn. 1) In the beginning of the reign of queen Elizabeth he alienated this seat to Thomas Fludd, esq. afterwards knighted, who was son of John Fludd, esq. of Morton, in Shropshire, and bore for his arms, Vert, a chevron between three wolves heads, erased, argent; which coat, with his quarterings, was confirmed to him by Robert Cook, clarencieux, in 1572. He resided at Milgate, where he died in 1607, and was buried in this church, having considerably improved and augmented this seat. His son Thomas Fludd, esq. afterwards of Otham, succeeded him in this estate, which he alienated in 1624, to William Cage, of Farringdon, in Hampshire, barrister-at law, who resided here. He was bred at Lincoln's-inn, an utter barrister, and was descended from Richard Cage, of Packenham, in Suffolk. He bore for his arms, Per pale, gules and azure, a saltier, or, and a chief, ermine, which was an alteration from the antient arms of this family, viz. Azure and gules, over all a saltier, or; and, together with an addition to the crest, was granted to him by St. George, clarencieux, in 1624, (fn. 2) and in his descendants it continued down to Wm. Cage, esq. who was likewise of Milgate, and was sheriff in 1695, and represented the city of Rochester in several parliaments during queen Anne's reign. Of his sons, William died s. p. Lewis will be mentioned hereafter; and John was of Lower Milgate, esq. Lewis Cage, the second son, became at length possessed of Milgate, where he resided, and left one son Lewis, and a daughter Catherine, who married first, Mr. George Eastchurch, of Maidstone; and secondly Christopher Hull, esq. but died s. p. On his death, Lewis Cage, esq. his son, succeeded him in this seat, where he now resides.
He married Annetta, second daughter and coheir of Edward Coke, esq. of the White Friars, in Canterbury, by whom he had four sons; Lewis Cage, esq. of Lower Milgate, who married Fanny, eldest daughter of Sir Brook Bridges, bart. the Rev. Edward Cage, rector of Easling, who married Jane, second daughter of Charles Van, esq. of Monmouthshire; John, who died in the West-Indies unmarried in 1789, and the Rev. Charles Cage, of Cristmell, vicar of Bersted, who married Elizabeth, daughter of colonel Graham, and one daughter Catherine, as yet unmarried.
AT A SMALL DISTANCE westward from Milgate, there is a good house, called COMBES, alias LOWER MILGATE, which on the death of William Cage, esq. came to his youngest son John Cage, as before-mentioned, who died s. p. It is now the property of Mrs. Brander, the widow of Gustavus Brander, esq. and daughter of Francis Gulston, esq. by a daughter of William Cage, esq. Lewis Cage, esq. junior, at present resides in it.
MOAT-HALL is a manor in this parish, the mansion of which, from the materials with which it was built, was called Stonehouse. It antiently belonged to the neighbouring priory of Leeds, as appears by several old boundaries and papers, and was most probably part of those demesnes given to it at its first foundation, by Robert de Crevequer, in the reign of king Henry I. These demesnes appear by a rental of the time of king Henry VII. to have been held of the manor of Leeds, though they have been long since accounted parcel of this manor of Moat-hall.
On the dissolution of the priory in the reign of king Henry VIII. this manor, among the rest of the possessions of it, was surrendered into the king's hands, who afterwards, by his dotation-charter, in his 33d year, settled this manor, among other premises, on his new founded dean and chapter of Rochester, with whom it remains at this time.
The present lessee of it, under the dean and chapter, is Mr. William Usborne. There is a court baron held for this manor.
AT A SMALL DISTANCE southward from the church lies an estate called OTTERIDGE, formerly Oterashe, which in the reign of king Henry VIII. belonged to Simon Bertyn, one of the brethren of St. Bartholomew's hospital, beside Sandwich, who by will in 1530, devised it to Jeffry Merchant, of Rainham.
It afterwards came into the possession of the family of Munns, who continued possessors of it for several generations, till at length one of them sold it, with Aldington, in the adjoining parish of Thurnham, to William Sheldon, esq. whose descendant Richard Sheldon, esq. at his death, bequeathed it to his widow, and she re-marrying with William Jones, M. D. entitled him to it. He died in 1780, leaving by her two daughters; Mary, married to Lock Rollinson, esq. of Oxfordshire, and Anne, to Thomas Russell, esq. and they in right of their wives, are respectively entitled to it.
Charities.
SIMON BERTYN, one of the brethren of St. Bartholomew's hospital, near Sandwich, owner of Otteridge, in this parish, which he devised, together with his messuage called Buds, with its lands and appurtenances, in Allyngton, beside Thurnham, by his will in 1530, to Jeffry Marchant, ordered that the said Jeffry and his heirs male, should for ever yearly distribute, on the first Sunday of Lent, in the church of Berghsted, to the parish clerk there, and to other poor people, four bushels of green peas; that is to say, to every one of them, one peck.
EDWARD GODFREY, gent. of Thurnham, gave by his will in 1709, thirty shillings yearly out of lands in this parish, called Crouch field, for the schooling of poor children; half of them to be of this parish, and half of that of Thurnham. And he left 30s. yearly for the same use, to be paid out of an house called Rose acre, in this parish; the payment of which has been constantly refused, upon pretence, that he had no right to devise that charge on it.
The poor constantly relieved are about forty-five; casually twenty five.
BERSTED is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester, and deanry of Sutton.
The church is situated on high ground, at a small distance southward of Bersted-green. It is dedicated to the Holy Cross, and is a handsome building, consisting of two isles and two chancels, with a square beacon tower at the west end of it. On three corners of the summit of the tower, are the figures of three dogs, or bears sejant, for they are so defaced by great length of time, that they can but be guessed at. If they represent the latter, they might have been placed there in allusion to the name of this parish: if not, these figures might perhaps be the crest of the founder of the church. In this church in the Milgate chancel, are monuments for the Cage family, and for Robert Fludd, M. D. A memorial for William Godfrey, jun. in 1690; and for Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Bosvile, esq. of Bradburne, justice and clerk of the court of wards, married first to Edward Mabb, gent. of this parish; and secondly, to William Godfrey, of Bersted, yeoman, obt. 1614. In the porch, against the east wall, is a small monument for Stephen Mason, of Boxley, citizen and vintner of London, obt. 1560, arms, A thevron, between three tuns, or barrels.
There were some lands and tenements in this parish, given by several persons, who stiled themselves the fraternity of the Holy Cross of Bersted, for a priest to sing mass yearly for one quarter of a year, in this church.
The church of Bergnestede, with all its rights and appurtenances, was given in the reign of Henry I. by Robert de Crevequer, son of Hamo de Crevequer, junior, to the priory of Leeds, then founded by him; which gift was confirmed by Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, in the reign of Henry II. who then appropriated this church to the canons there, towards the finding of lights and ornaments in their church. Archbishops Theobald and Hubert confirmed it likewise, as did John, prior, and the convent of Christ-church, in 1278, by the description of the church of Berghestede, with the tithes of Strutton. King Edward III. likewise confirmed it by his charter of inspeximus in his 41st year.
This church, together with the advowson of the vicarage, remained part of the possessions of the priory of Leeds till the dissolution of it, in the reign of king Henry VIII. when it was surrendered up into the king's hands, among other estates belonging to it.
After which, the king, by his dotation charter, in his 33d year, settled both the parsonage and advowson of the vicarage of this church on his new-founded dean and chapter of Rochester, with whom they now remain.
¶On the intended dissolution of deans and chapters, after the death of king Charles I. the possessions of the dean and chapter of Rochester, in this parish, were surveyed in 1649, by order of the state; when it was returned, that the parsonage or rectory of Bersted consisted of a messuage, barns, &c. which, with the tithes and glebe land of forty acres, were of the improved rent of 46l. 8s. per annum, which were let anno 13 Charles I. at the yearly rent of 9l. 13s. 4d. and four bushels of malt, for the term of twenty-one years; and the lessee covenanted to discharge the pension of forty shillings to the vicar, and to repair the chancel of the church. Out of which lease was excepted, the advowson of the vicarage, and the portion of tithes called Vintners Portion.
The vicarage is a discharged living in the king's books, of the clear yearly certified value of thirty pounds, the yearly tenths of which are 12s. 9d.
In 1649, the vicarage was valued in the abovementioned survey at twenty pounds per annum.
The parsonage is leased out by the dean and chapter to Mr. John Packman, but the advowson of the vicarage they reserve in their own hands.
The vicarage is endowed with all manner of tithes, except grain, and the vicar now enjoys the abovementioned pension of forty shillings from the lessee of the dean and chapter.
The sanctuary of the Beata Maria Vergine delle Grazie is a church of Lombard Gothic style located in the small village of Curtatone (Mantua - Italy).
Toward the end of the XIV century, the plague struck the city of Mantua and claimed thousands of victims.
The Virgin Mary invoked by the population miraculously stopped the lethal epidemic. Therefore the city ruler Francesco Gonzaga erected the shrine to the Madonna "per grazia ricevuta", for grace received.
Built on a large square, the basilica overlooks the marshy waters of the lakes that surround Mantova, creating an evocative atmosphere for the numerous groups of tourists and faithful devotees of the Madonna.
Eighty niches arranged on two parallel rows, housed statues-mannequins in various poses and situations representing episodes of escaped danger by intercession of the Virgin.
Central to the history and life of the Sanctuary is the Solemnity of the Assumption, August 15th. From the early morning the streets of the village are invaded by a multitude of pilgrims, and later by the visitors of a traditional trade fair, which has reached an international fame for over thirty years thanks to the presence of the "Madonnari" who with their coloured chalks change the square pavement into a phantasmagorical carpet, reproducting famous paintings of sacred subject.
'Bhenchod' is a common Indian slang term and means 'sister fucker' or 'the one who fucks his sister', the sentence 'teri bhen ko chodu' translates to 'I'd like to fuck your sister'.
"In 1991 I was in India with my mother. I was young and we were on a bus-ride at night-time. At some point a bunch of drunk men entered the bus and positioned themselves around us. They started yelling at my mother and constantly offended us with 'bhenchod' or 'teri bhen ko chodu'; the overwhelming scent of alcohol indicated that the situation was serious. My mother kept ignoring them by gazing in abstraction at the outside world. Somehow we got away without any further tension and I asked my mother what she was thinking while being offended? She told me that she was trying to distract herself from the situation by looking at the passing building facades and by projecting her favorite Bollywood-movie scenes onto them in her mind."
'Bhenchod' is a virtual reality installation, which explores the phenomenon of gang rapes in Indian society and links the problem to the vicious habits of uncritical mass media-consumption in a transition country like India.
The New Delhi gang rape incident in 2012 serves as loose narrational hook and is mixed with autobiographical memories, the viewer is set into a transportation bus moving on the similar course of the road where the cruel incident of Jyoti Singh Pandey happened, in between Palam Vihar and Saket Market. While being harassed by virtual Non-Player-Characters (NPCs), there is this choice given to either distract oneself with Bollywood-movie-collages or to see things the Indian Censor Board never would have wanted you to see, just outside the bus window.
Mixed-media, game-engine, vr-hardware, bench
BOBBYRAJESHMALHOTRA.TUMBLR.COM
OPENING: 17. SEPTEMBER 2015, 18:00
18. - 23. SEPTEMBER: 15 - 20:00
36 PROJECTCELL. OPERNGASSE 36,1040 WIEN
PATACHRONIQUE.COM