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Islamic calligraphy
From the Wikipedia:
Islamic calligraphy, equally known as Arabic calligraphy, is the art of writing, and by extension, of bookmaking.[1] This art has most often employed the Arabic script, throughout many languages. Calligraphy is especially revered among Islamic arts since it was the primary means for the preservation of the Qur'an.
Throughout Islamic history, the work of calligraphers was collected and appreciated. Consideration of figurative art as idolatrous led to calligraphy and abstract figures becoming the main forms of artistic expression in Islamic cultures.[2]
Arabic, Persian and Ottoman Turkish calligraphy is associated with geometric Islamic art (the Arabesque) on the walls and ceilings of mosques as well as on the page. Contemporary artists in the Islamic world draw on the heritage of calligraphy to use calligraphic inscriptions or abstractions in their work.
Calligraphic scripts
The first Arabic script to gain popularity was the Kufic script, which was created in 537. Kufic is angular, made of square and short horizontal strokes, long verticals, and bold, compact circles. It was the main script used to copy the Qur'an for three centuries. Its static aspect made it suitable for monumental inscriptions, too. It developed many serifs (small decorations added to each character).
More often used for casual writing was the cursive Naskh script, with rounder letters and thin lines. As techniques for writing in this style were refined, it came to be preferred to Kufic for copying the Qur'an. Naskh is the first script taught to most children. Almost all printed material in Arabic is in Naskh so, to avoid confusion, children are taught to write in the same script. It is also clearer and easier to decipher.
In the 13th century, the Thuluth script took on the ornamental role formerly associated with the Kufic script. Thuluth means "one third"; the form of Thuluth is based on the principle that one third of each letter slides downward. Thus it has a strong cursive aspect and is usually written in ample curves.
After Persia was conquered by Arabs in the 7th century, it became common to write Persian in Arabic script. The Persians contributed the Ta'liq and Nasta'liq styles to Arabic calligraphy. Nasta'liq is extremely cursive, with exaggeratedly long horizontal strokes. One of its peculiarities is that vertical strokes lean to the right rather than (as more commonly) to the left, making Nasta'liq writing flow particularly well. The Persians also developed a style called shekasteh ('broken' in Persian). Shekasteh has seldom been used for scripting Arabic texts, though it is an Arabic calligraphy style.
The Diwani script is a cursive style of Arabic calligraphy developed during the reign of the early Ottoman Turks (16th and early 17th centuries). It was invented by Housam Roumi and reached its height of popularity under Süleyman I the Magnificent (1520–66). As decorative as it was communicative, Diwani was distinguished by the complexity of the line within the letter and the close juxtaposition of the letters within the word.
A variation of the Diwani, the Diwani Al Jali, is characterized by its abundance of diacritical and ornamental marks.
Finally, the most common script for everyday use is Ruq'ah (also known as Riq'a). Simple and easy to write, its movements are small, without much amplitude. It is the one most commonly seen. It is considered a step up from Naskh script, which children are taught first. In later grades they are introduced to Ruq'ah.
Selimiye Camii
Selimiye Camii hakkında bilgi burada
Sinan Doğan İletişim
Mail: foto.sinandogan[at]gmail.com
Parts of the Selimiye mosque in Nicosia, North Cyprus, date from the 13th century, and it was originally constructed as a Byzantine Christian cathedral.
In 1570 the Muslim Ottomans took the city, and renamed it the 'Hagia Sophia Mosque', a name which lasted until 1954, when it was renamed the Selimiye Mosque. The minaret seen here was originally a bell tower, and was converted and extended by the Ottomans.
Selimiye Camii ve Külliyesi - Edirne
Edirne’nin en önemli anıtsal eseri olan ve şehrin siluetini taçlandıran Selimiye Camii ve Külliyesi, 16. yy.’da Sultan II. Selim adına Mimar Sinan tarafından yapılmış. Büyük Usta Mimar Sinan'ın ustalık eseri olarak biliniyor. İnce ve zarif 4 minaresi görülmeye değer. İç tasarımında kullanılan ve döneminin en iyi örnekleri olan taş, mermer, ahşap, sedef ve özellikle çini motifleri oldukça dikkat çekici. İç mekanın Kalem işleri de yine görülmeye değer işçiliklerden. Mermer döşemeli avlusu, kütüphanesi, eğitim kurumları, dış avlusu ve arastası ile çok önemli bir Külliye konumunda. 2011 yılında Dünya Mirası olarak tescil edilmiş durumda...
Türkiye'de Görülmesi Gereken 1000 Yer Serisi Albümü için tıklayınız...
Fotoğrafların Orjinal boyutlarını satın almak için Sinan Doğan ile iletişim kurunuz...
E Mail: foto.sinandogan@gmail.com
Selimiye, on my first visit in 1991, was a secluded fishing and farming village with about 1000 inhabitants and almost nothing for tourists – one or two pensions, small markets with little on the shelves, a few tea houses, cafes, and restaurants. There was no vehicle road to the village until 1989. Almost no villagers had cars. Visitors were rare and usually reached the village by boat, as I did.
A decade later, when I became a Selimiye resident, it hadn’t changed significantly. Starting about 2010, there were major changes. City Turks, smelling profits, bought or leased land and houses, built holiday homes for their own use and tourist facilities – hotels, apartments, villas, restaurants, boutiques, bars, wood decks projecting into the sea to compensate for the lack of beaches on the narrow shingle coastline. Villagers who hadn’t sold or leased their land to outsiders jumped on the development bandwagon.
By 2015, Selimiye was no longer a quiet village but a busy holiday resort, hailed as 'the new Kalkan' in some media reports. Most Turkish tourists come by car. Other visitors, Turkish and foreign, arrive by sea – on yachts, gulets, and gin palaces. The bay is crowded with vessels from May to October. Most of the village coast is lined with commercial establishments. It's difficult in summer to find a place to swim unless you are willing to pay for a sunbed or a snack. Some extortionists refuse service unless you pay for both.
The development since 2010 has strained the village infrastructure. The narrow main road is inadequate for the volume of traffic in July and August, with stretches reduced to a single lane because of parked cars – inconvenient for impatient drivers and hazardous for pedestrians. Water is also a problem. In summer 2016, after a winter with almost no rain, the piped water supply got so low that many property owners had to pay to have their water tanks filled from private wells. Winter rain in 2016-2017 was above the 2015 level, but not by much. Will future rain be enough to sustain the demand for water from the new builds in the village, with their water-guzzling swimming pools and lawns? Time will tell.
Nicosia - Greek: Λευκωσία and Turkish: Lefkoşa is the largest city on the island of Cyprus. It is located near the centre of the Mesaoria plain, on the banks of the River Pedieos. However, this is a dry river bed unless there are exceptional and prolonged torrential rains.
Nicosia is the capital and seat of government of the Republic of Cyprus, and as such is the farthest southeast of all EU member states' capitals. It has been continuously inhabited for over 4,500 years and has been the capital of Cyprus since the 10th century.
The Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities of Nicosia segregated into the south and north of the city respectively in 1963, following the crisis from 1955–64 that broke out in the city. This separation became a militarized border between the Republic of Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus after Turkey had to intervene in the genocide of Turkish Cypriots by the Greeks and Greek Cypriots in 1974 (see The Genocide Files by author Harry Scott Gibbons).
The Turkish Cypriots now live in the north of the island, including northern Nicosia. Today the Northern part of Lefkoşa is the capital of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a country recognised only by Turkey, that is considered to be occupied Cypriot territory by the international community.
土耳其－Edirne省－Edirne－Selimiye清真寺－主的荣耀
Interior view of the main prayer hall of Selimiye mosque, situated in downtown Edirne, Edirne province, Turkey.
The Selimiye Mosque (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque, which is located in the city of Edirne, Turkey. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II, and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1569 and 1575. It was considered by Sinan to be his masterpiece and is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture.
© All rights reserved. You may not use this photo in website, blog or any other media without my explicit permission.
Parts of the Selimiye mosque in Nicosia, North Cyprus, date from the 13th century, and it was originally constructed as a Byzantine Christian cathedral.
In 1570 the Muslim Ottomans took the city, and renamed the cathedral 'Hagia Sophia Mosque', a name which lasted until 1954, when it was renamed the Selimiye Mosque. The minaret seen here was originally a bell tower, and was converted and extended by the Ottomans.
The Selimiye Mosque (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque, which is located in the city of Edirne, Turkey. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II, and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1569 and 1575.[2] It was considered by Sinan to be his masterpiece and is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture.
Islamic calligraphy
From the Wikipedia:
Islamic calligraphy, equally known as Arabic calligraphy, is the art of writing, and by extension, of bookmaking.[1] This art has most often employed the Arabic script, throughout many languages. Calligraphy is especially revered among Islamic arts since it was the primary means for the preservation of the Qur'an.
Throughout Islamic history, the work of calligraphers was collected and appreciated. Consideration of figurative art as idolatrous led to calligraphy and abstract figures becoming the main forms of artistic expression in Islamic cultures.[2]
Arabic, Persian and Ottoman Turkish calligraphy is associated with geometric Islamic art (the Arabesque) on the walls and ceilings of mosques as well as on the page. Contemporary artists in the Islamic world draw on the heritage of calligraphy to use calligraphic inscriptions or abstractions in their work.
Calligraphic scripts
The first Arabic script to gain popularity was the Kufic script, which was created in 537. Kufic is angular, made of square and short horizontal strokes, long verticals, and bold, compact circles. It was the main script used to copy the Qur'an for three centuries. Its static aspect made it suitable for monumental inscriptions, too. It developed many serifs (small decorations added to each character).
More often used for casual writing was the cursive Naskh script, with rounder letters and thin lines. As techniques for writing in this style were refined, it came to be preferred to Kufic for copying the Qur'an. Naskh is the first script taught to most children. Almost all printed material in Arabic is in Naskh so, to avoid confusion, children are taught to write in the same script. It is also clearer and easier to decipher.
In the 13th century, the Thuluth script took on the ornamental role formerly associated with the Kufic script. Thuluth means "one third"; the form of Thuluth is based on the principle that one third of each letter slides downward. Thus it has a strong cursive aspect and is usually written in ample curves.
After Persia was conquered by Arabs in the 7th century, it became common to write Persian in Arabic script. The Persians contributed the Ta'liq and Nasta'liq styles to Arabic calligraphy. Nasta'liq is extremely cursive, with exaggeratedly long horizontal strokes. One of its peculiarities is that vertical strokes lean to the right rather than (as more commonly) to the left, making Nasta'liq writing flow particularly well. The Persians also developed a style called shekasteh ('broken' in Persian). Shekasteh has seldom been used for scripting Arabic texts, though it is an Arabic calligraphy style.
The Diwani script is a cursive style of Arabic calligraphy developed during the reign of the early Ottoman Turks (16th and early 17th centuries). It was invented by Housam Roumi and reached its height of popularity under Süleyman I the Magnificent (1520–66). As decorative as it was communicative, Diwani was distinguished by the complexity of the line within the letter and the close juxtaposition of the letters within the word.
A variation of the Diwani, the Diwani Al Jali, is characterized by its abundance of diacritical and ornamental marks.
Finally, the most common script for everyday use is Ruq'ah (also known as Riq'a). Simple and easy to write, its movements are small, without much amplitude. It is the one most commonly seen. It is considered a step up from Naskh script, which children are taught first. In later grades they are introduced to Ruq'ah.
From Wikipedia:
The Selimiye Mosque (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is a mosque in the city of Edirne, Turkey. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1568 and 1574. It was considered by Sinan to be his masterpiece and is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture.
This grand mosque stands at the center of a külliye (complex of a hospital, school, library and/or baths around a mosque) which comprises a medrese (Islamic academy teaches both Islamic and Scientific lessons), a dar-ül hadis (Al-Hadith school), a timekeeper's room and an arasta (row of shops). It also contains a Bayezid II Külliye Health Museum, now a museum. In this mosque Sinan employed an octagonal supporting system that is created through eight pillars incised in a square shell of walls. The four semi domes at the corners of the square behind the arches that spring from the pillars, are intermediary sections between the huge encompassing dome (31.25m diameter with spherical profile) and the walls.
While conventional mosques were limited by a segmented interior, Sinan's effort at Edirne was a structure that made it possible to see the mihrab from any location within the mosque. Surrounded by four tall minarets in, the Mosque of Selim II has a grand dome atop it. Around the rest of the mosque were many additions: libraries, schools, hospices, baths, soup kitchens for the poor, markets, hospitals, and a cemetery. These annexes were aligned axially and grouped, if possible. In front of the mosque sits a rectangular court with an area equal to that of the mosque. The innovation however, comes not in the size of the building, but from the organization of its interior. The mihrab is pushed back into an apse-like alcove with a space with enough depth to allow for window illumination from three sides. This has the effect of making the tile panels of its lower walls sparkle with natural light. The amalgamation of the main hall forms a fused octagon with the dome-covered square. Formed by eight massive dome supports, the octagon, is pierced by four half dome covered corners of the square. The beauty resulting from the conformity of geometric shapes engulfed in each other was the culmination of Sinan's life long search for a unified interior space.
土耳其－Edirne省－Edirne－Selimiye清真寺－好奇的孩子们
Portrait of a group of childen inside the main prayer hall of Selimiye mosque, situated in downtown Edirne, Edirne province, Turkey.
The Selimiye Mosque (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque, which is located in the city of Edirne, Turkey. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II, and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1569 and 1575. It was considered by Sinan to be his masterpiece and is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture.
© All rights reserved. You may not use this photo in website, blog or any other media without my explicit permission.
Edirne is a gateway of Turkey opening to western world in Thrace, the first stopover for newcomers from Europe. Situated between the Greek, Bulgarian and Turkish borders, this beautiful city is famed for its many mosques, the elegant domes and minarets which dominate the panoramic appearance of the province. It was the capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1416 until the conquest of Istanbul by Mehmet II in 1453.
One of the most important monuments in this ancient province is the Selimiye Mosque, built in the 16th century by the Turkey's greatest architect, Mimar Sinan. Carrying the name of the sultan reigning in that era, this mosque magnificently represents Turkish marble handicrafts and architecture, and it is covered with valuable tiles and fine paintings. The Yildirim Mosque and the Eski Mosque, dating back to the 14th and 15th centuries respectively, are other spectacular sights while the Muradiye Mosque and the Üç Serefeli Mosque are also among the oldest and most impressive buildings. Last to be mentioned is the Beyazit II Mosque, a great monument with its complex construction comprising many facilities used in those times.
Besides the fascinating mosques, there are different sites to be visited in Edirne, all reflecting its rich past. There are attractive palaces, the most prominent one being the Edirne Palace, which was the "Palace of the Empire" built during the reign of sultan Murat II. There are amazing caravansaries, like the Rüstem Pasha and Ekmekcioglu Ahmet Pasha caravansaries, which were designed to host travelers, in the 16th century.
The lively bazaars of "Bedesten" and "Arasta" make the province colorful and bring back the ancient times. Several bridges exist which have stood for centuries, adorning the land with their old but fine appearances.
Ipsala, is a district of Edirne province and it is Turkey's second most important border gate, on the European frontier, with Greece. It is a wildfowl paradise enjoyed by both Turkish and foreigners.
A specialty of Edirne is to be a center for grease-wrestling (yagli güres in Turkish), which is the national sport of Turkey. The championships are held here every year between end of June - beginning of July, for more than 400 years on Kirkpinar island, a forested area between the Meriç and Tunca rivers. These traditional occasions compromise many entertaining activities, and the province is filled with spectators. The 646th edition of Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling was done between June 25th - July 1st of 2007. In 2008, the 647th edition will be held between July 4th - 6th.
The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1568 and 1574. It was considered by Sinan to be his masterpiece and is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture.
DSCN2221
Edirne ░ Thrace ░ Turkey
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The Selimiye Mosque (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is an Ottoman mosque in the city of Edirne, Turkey. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1569 and 1575 It was considered by Sinan to be his masterpiece and is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture.
Added to UNESCO World Heritage list in 2011
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