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Google Charleston East campus construction in Mountain View, California aerial - Copyright 2018 David Oppenheimer - Performance Impressions aerial photography archives - www.performanceimpressions.com
Veteran
A 'war veteran' (from Latin vetus, meaning "old")[1] is a person who has or is working in the armed forces, or a person who has had long service or experience in an occupation or office[2].
For the most part, war veterans are treated with great respect in society[citation needed] . In Russia, a tradition was established after the Second World War, where newly married couples would on their wedding day visit a military cemetery. In France, for instance, those wounded in war are given the first claim on any seat on public transit. Most countries have a holiday such as Veterans Day to honor veterans, along with the war dead. There are exceptions to this: veterans of unpopular conflicts, such as the Vietnam War, have been discriminated against. Others, such as veterans of conflicts like the Korean War, are often forgotten (even though the casualty rate in Korea was higher than that experienced in the Vietnam War) when compared with those who fought in the World Wars. In some countries with strong anti-military traditions (e.g., Germany after 1945) veterans are neither honored in any special way, nor have their dedicated Veterans Day.
United States
The most common usage is for former armed services personnel veteran is one who has served in the armed forces, but usually not someone who had a dishonorable discharge. It is especially applied to those who served for an entire career, usually of 20 years or more, but may be applied for someone who has only served one tour of duty. A common misconception is that one had to have either been in combat and/or has retired from active duty to be called a military veteran. Because of this widely held misconception, women have sometime excluded themselves from veterans groups or benefits, despite military service (see history of women in the military).
Veterans' benefits in the United States
President Abraham Lincoln, in his second inaugural address, in 1865 towards the end of the US Civil War, famously called for good treatment of veterans: "to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan". The American Civil War produced veterans' organizations, such as the Grand Army of the Republic. The treatment of veterans changed after the First World War. In the years following, discontented veterans became a source of instability. They could quickly organize, had links to the army, and often had arms themselves. Veterans played a central role in the post-World War I instability of Germany, while in the United States, the Bonus Army of unemployed veterans was one of the most important protest movements of the Great Depression, marching on Washington, DC, to get a claimed bonus that Congress had promised them.
Each state (of the United States) sets specific criteria for state-specific veterans' benefits. For federal medical benefits from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals, prior to 7 September 1980 the veteran must have served at least 180 days of active duty, after the above-mentioned date, the veteran must have served at least 24 months. However, if the veteran was medically discharged and receives a VA service-connected disability stipend, the time limits are not applicable.
American veteran experience after World War II
After the Second World War, in part due to the experience of the First World War, most of the participating states set up elaborate veterans' administrations. Within the United States, it was veterans groups, like the American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars organization, that pushed for and got the G.I. Bill enacted. These gave veterans access to free or subsidized education and health care. The newly educated GIs created a significant economic impact, and with the aid of VA loans were able to buy housing and establish themselves as part of a growing American middle class. The explosion of the suburbs created sufficient housing for veterans and their families. In the United States, black veterans continued to be denied equality at home despite President Harry S. Truman's desegregation of the military during World War II. Black veterans went on to play a central role in the Civil Rights movement.
Women veterans in the U.S.
Women have served in the United States military for over two hundred years, often having had to disguise themselves as men. Female veterans have often been discriminated against by their male counterparts and, as such, women who have served in the armed forces have sometimes been known as "the invisible veterans"[3]. Women were not fully recognized as veterans until after WWII, and prior to this they were not eligible for VA benefits. The VA estimates that by the year 2010 women will make up 40% of the veteran population. A tri-state (Washington, Idaho, Oregon) women veterans conference in Pendleton, Oregon, in April 2008, attracted 362 women veterans, according to the East Oregonian newspaper.
14 february 2011 - 45/365
odc: fresh start / new beginning
currently working on redesigning my website. the previous flash site was working well but had major trouble with search engines which required nasty work-around which those engine really don't like. the new site will also be much easier to maintain because it's wordpress powered and is designed for ease of use. it's a highly flexible system though and i'm having great fun puzzling it all together.
the way this shot turned out initially i wasnt' happy with but it was really about the only idea i had for today. so while a bed shot won't ever get good it's now atleast over-the-top on it's own lol. sorry about that... :) it's sort of similar to the car interior from a few days back although this isn't HDR. it's a single shot, desaturated and dirtied up with some preset in topaz. although it's presets i find kinda overdone in general, i did like what it did here for a once in a while thing
went to the hospital today for my ear. got an hearing test which proved my right ear isn't up to spec. the nasal exam was quite different then i imagined and nothing to fear about at all (if it wasn't clear to you all, i'm a sucker when it comes to hospitals, i truly don't know how my wife puts up with that "smell" in them every day!).
now i'm getting a CT scan later this week on which they can inspect my hearing bones and mainly the cochlea which is the shell shaped bones near your ear that is part of your hearing system. the results will only be handled again in 3 weeks though! since the doc has (another) vacation (and i don't like switching doctors all the time) so beginning of march hopefully they and I know more.
I was listening to a news story about the destructive effects of methamphetamine in the USA. I decided to do a an online search, & was surprised to find that you can buy it on eBay!
~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~
Human history
Native Americans first came to the Oregon Coast 12,000 years ago to hunt, fish, and gather foods in the coast's bountiful forests and waters. [10] It was largely substinence based living and the archaeological evidence left behind is limited. This was the lifestyle for thousands of years and as history progressed tribal communities would form. The major tribes of the Oregon Coast included:
* the Tillamook and Siletz on the Northern Oregon Coast.
* the Siuslaw and Alsea on the Central Oregon Coast.
* the Coos and Coquille on the Southern Oregon Coast.
The lifestyles of these tribes were very similar, as they built canoes to travel along the coastline, estuaries, and rivers where they fished, hunted seals, ducks, and game, and gathered fruits such as berries and seafood such as clams.[11]
European exploration of the Oregon Coast would begin in the 18th century as Spanish explorers sailed northward from Mexico to explore, and, later, stake claims to the region. The British soon followed, and 1774–1795 was a time of intense rivalry between the Spanish and the British for claims to the Northwest Coast.[12] However, neither side was ever able to successfully claim the area. Meanwhile, American Robert Gray visited the Oregon Coast via sea in 1788 and 1792 and came back with furs. After the Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark reached the Oregon Coast in 1804 and staked the United States' claim to the territory. They returned east with furs, and this led John Jacob Astor to set up the first permanent white settlement in Oregon. The post, called Astoria, was at the mouth of the Columbia River.[13] However, the venture was not as profitable as Astor had hoped it would be, and Astoria was bought out by the British North West Company. Britain and the United States continued to jointly claim the territory. In 1838, Charles Wilkes, on a voyage commissioned by the United States Congress, landed on the Oregon Coast and raised the American flag.[14] The large-scale movement of Americans on the Oregon Trail cemented the United States's claim to the Oregon Territory.
Oregon achieved statehood in 1859, and the completion of railroads through the Coast Range mountains encouraged land development along the ocean shore. In 1874, the Oregon State Land Board began selling public tidelands to private landowners.[15] Resorts grew up around the beaches at Seaside, Newport, and Rockaway, and the newly completed railroads brought tourists from the population centers of the Willamette Valley for weekend vacations.[16] By 1901, about 23 miles (37 km) of tideland had been sold.[15]
In 1911, governor Oswald West was elected on the promise to reclaim Oregon's beaches as public land. The legislature favored the privatization of these lands, but West was able to make an argument for public ownership based on the need for transportation. The 1913 legislature declared the entire length of the ocean shore from Washington to California as a state highway.[16][15] Legislators also created the State Highway Commission, which began the construction of Route 101. The Parks and Recreation Department, a branch of the highway commission, bought land for 36 state parks along the coastal highway, an average of one every 10 miles. With the completion of the highway-and-parks system, coastal tourism skyrocketed.
~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~
Robert "Bob" Caufman...
The plaque says it all!
~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare branch of the armed forces and one of the seven uniformed services. Initally born as the United States Army Air Corps, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947.[2] It is the last branch of the U.S. military to be formed.
The USAF is the largest, most technologically advanced air force in the world, with about 5,778 manned aircraft in service (4,093 USAF; 1,289 Air National Guard; and 396 Air Force Reserve);[3] approximately 156 Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles, 2130 Air-Launched Cruise Missiles,[4] and 450 Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles; and as of 30 September 2007, had 328,600 personnel on active duty, 117,497 in the Selected and Individual Ready Reserves, and 106,700 in the Air National Guard. In addition, the Air Force employs 168,900 civilian personnel including indirect hire of foreign nationals.[5]
In 2007, the USAF implemented a large Reduction-in-Force (RIF). Because of budget constraints, the USAF will reduce the service's current size from 333,000 active duty personnel, to 316,000, which will be the smallest since the attack on Pearl Harbor, according to Air Force Chief of Staff General Michael Moseley.[6] The current size of the active-duty force is roughly 70% of that of the USAF at the end of the first Gulf War in 1991.[7]
Not all of the United States' military combat aircraft are operated by the USAF. The Army operates its own helicopters, mostly for support of ground combatants; it as well maintains a small fleet of fixed wing aircraft (mostly Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). The Navy is responsible for a multitude of aircraft, including integrated air wing combat aircraft operating aboard its 11 aircraft carriers and also many maritime patrol and transport aircraft stationed at multiple Naval air stations around the world. The Marine Corps operates its own combat and transport aircraft in support of its ground mission and often in conjunction with Naval Aviation. The Coast Guard also maintains transport and search-and-rescue aircraft (SARA), which may be used in a combat and law enforcement role. All branches of the U.S. military operate helicopters.
The Department of the Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force who heads administrative affairs. The Department of the Air Force is a division of the Department of Defense, headed by the Secretary of Defense. The highest ranking military officer in the Department of the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force.
Mission
1. According to the National Security Act of 1947 (61 Stat. 502) which created the Air Force:
In general the United States Air Force shall include aviation forces both combat and service not otherwise assigned. It shall be organized, trained, and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained offensive and defensive air operations. The Air Force shall be responsible for the preparation of the air forces necessary for the effective prosecution of war except as otherwise assigned and, in accordance with integrated joint mobilization plans, for the expansion of the peacetime components of the Air Force to meet the needs of war.
2. §8062 of Title 10 US Code (10 USC 8062) defines the purpose of the Air Force as:
* to preserve the peace and security, and provide for the defense, of the United States, the Territories, Commonwealths, and possessions, and any areas occupied by the United States;
* to support national policy;
* to implement national objectives;
* to overcome any nations responsible for aggressive acts that imperil the peace and security of the United States.
3. The stated mission of the USAF today is to "deliver sovereign options for the defense of the United States of America and its global interests — to fly and fight in Air, Space, and Cyberspace".[8]
[edit] Search and rescue
The National Search and Rescue Plan designates the United States Coast Guard as the federal agency responsible for maritime search-and-rescue (SAR) operations, and the United States Air Force Auxiliary Civil Air Patrol responsible for inland SAR.[9] Both agencies maintain rescue coordination centers to coordinate this effort.
Part of a short Set / Slideshow documenting an installation by Mike Pudan.
Visitors to a kiosk / "confessional" made from wood and satin are asked questions through a dark screen at an installation called "Search Engine".
Ever such a nice man, ever so well presented, its such a pleasure to see a young man in a suit - art students are normally so scruffy these days!
Mind you, he did ask a some very impertinent questions though...
Part of The Antechamber exhibition at the Brighton Universty 2012 Degree Show.
Critical Fine Art Practice BA (Hons.)
This image / video is available under the indicated creative commons licence - subject to the approval of the artist(s) featured - and also subject to any additional conditions that the artist(s) may wish to apply.
I saw this Google Lip Balm in the online Google Store and couldn't resist it.
Bizarre choice for Google to buy and put their branding on it! I suspect they had these made up primarily as chochkes to give away at conferences, though, and it maybe isn't bad for that.
~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~
Beaverton
May 26, 2008 – 11 a.m. – American Legion Post 124 hosted a ceremony at Beaverton Memorial Park on Watson Street. Legion Post 158’s band played. An Air National Guard flyover had been requested.
Contact: Marv Doty, 503-644-0350
Senior Vice President
Susan is a highly experienced professional with special expertise in corporate and crisis communications. For more than 25 years, she has advised clients of all types, including global business leaders, in the restaurant, retail, financial services, corrections, healthcare, hospitality, manufacturing, education and nonprofit segments. Her skills include strategic planning, media relations, internal communications, community relations, training and coaching, writing and editing, and serving as corporate spokesperson for clients. She has worked with Walmart, Sam’s Club, TGI Friday’s, Logan’s Roadhouse, Shoney’s, Captain D’s, Tractor Supply Company, Bridgestone/Firestone, Genesco, Willis, St. Thomas Health Services, Corrections Corporation of America, Corizon Health, the United Methodist Publishing House and the Bonnaroo music festival, among others. She is certified by the Institute for Crisis Management and served four years active duty in the United States Air Force. University of Kansas, Bachelor of Science, Journalism.
copyright © 2000 sean dreilinger
view las vegas mullet hunt - dscf0168 on a black background.
Subtle political statement or cheap shot?
Naw, neither really - I've been trying to come up with a good shot of the local Google offices for a while now, and this one seemed to work the best. I have no real animosity over the search engine giant.
~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~
Kingman Regional Medical Center is proud to announce that Ms. Debra A. Reston, R.N., has been selected to receive the prestigious Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) Outstanding Community Health Care Employee of the Year Award.
Ms. Reston was selected over all other national nominees to receive this award, which will be presented to her at the VFW National Convention in Cincinnati, Ohio during the week of August 16-20, 2004.
Ms. Reston will receive this award because of her humanitarian efforts and dedication to the veterans in the community. She has supplied water, electricity and propane gas to an indigent veteran in the area for an extended period of time. She personally drives to Mexico every other month to obtain medications for vets who do not have the ability to do so, and every three weeks she drives 350 miles to provide needed medical care for a Navy widow. All of this is done at no cost to the recipient, on Ms. Reston’s personal time.
In addition to being a full-time nurse on the KRMC’s Orthopedic unit, Ms. Reston is the Post Commander of VFW Post 3516 in Kingman – they maintain the only active color guard in Mohave County. Ms. Reston attends as many of the veteran funerals as her schedule permits to personally present the casket flag to the widow. She also is a member of the VFW Military Order of the Cooties, whose mission is to “keep ‘em smilin’ in beds of white.” They visit the veterans in the hospital, focusing on healing through humor.
As a 26 year Army veteran, she served in both Vietnam and Desert Storm as a medic, taught History in the ROTC, and spent six months at the Pentagon before retiring with the rank of Colonel. She spent four years as a travel nurse before settling in Golden Valley and joining KRMC in 2002. Her personal motto is to “be in the world what you want to see in the world.” There is no doubt that Ms. Reston is making the world a better place through her efforts.
This is a very, very alpha version of a new view mix concept we are working on.
The current search -> mix -> view proves challenging for some users to mentally connect what they are searching for with a view (and then results). Our idea is to combine the search & mix states into one "step." The great thing that is that you can try something, see what mix you get, and adjust if needed. It's really fun to play with and see what you get.
Some other enhancements:
on-the-fly mixes
more traditional scrolling mechanism (vs. gestural scrolling that "runs away" from your cursor)
UI look and feel updates
View categories - the idea here is to allow some view exploration before committing to it (or entering a search term!)
~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~
The run of US 97 in Oregon (running from south to north) starts at the border between Oregon and California, south of the city of Klamath Falls. The highway starts out as a two-lane road, running through the arid Klamath River basin. Approaching the city of Klamath Falls, 97 becomes a freeway just south of the junction with OR 140 and OR 66. The freeway then runs along the western edge of the downtown region, ending at an interchange with Oregon Route 39 near the Oregon Institute of Technology. Within Klamath Falls is a business route, which runs through downtown via Main Street/1st Avenue and Esplanade Avenue, then which turns back to the US 97 mainline via the East Side Bypass (this latter segment co-signed with OR 39).
Highway 97, once again primarily a 2-lane road, continues north along the eastern shore of Upper Klamath Lake. In the town of Chiloquin is an intersection with Oregon Route 62, which provides access to Crater Lake National Park from the southeast; further north is an interchange with Oregon Route 138 which provides access to the park from the northeast. Continuing north, near the town of Chemult is an interchange with Oregon Route 58, which heads northwest to Eugene and the Willamette Valley.
In La Pine is a junction with Oregon Route 31; this city marks the start of the Deschutes River recreation area; (Crane Prairie Reservoir, the river's source, is located due west of La Pine). North of La Pine, the highway becomes an expressway as it passes by the resort community of Sunriver and heads towards the city of Bend.
In Bend, the highway travels on a RIRO expressway known as the Bend Parkway (though transportation officials like to claim the Parkway is not a freeway--it has a lower speed limit than the non-Interstate maximum of 55 mph (90 km/h) in Oregon); a business route runs parallel to the Parkway along 3rd Street (the prior route of US 97 before the parkway was built). Expected interchange construction over the approaching years will increase the RIRO distance miles past the southern city limits of Bend, linking up with prior ODOT improvements and eliminating two of the five traffic signals along US 97 in Bend, and in the entire 44 miles[1] between La Pine and Redmond. Similar upgrades are possible at the northern boundary of Bend, dependent upon taxpayer and state approval.[2][3] In Bend one finds interchanges with the Century Drive Highway, as well as U.S. Route 20.
North of Bend, the highway continues as an expressway until it reaches the city of Redmond. Currently, 97 serves the downtown core of Redmond on a one-way couplet, but a new alignment is being built which will bypass the downtown area when construction is completed in 2008[1]; the old route is expected to become U.S. Route 97 Business.[citation needed] In Redmond is an intersection with Oregon Route 126. Continuing north out of Redmond, one enters a high desert region marked by numerous deep river gorges, including the Crooked River gorge (which 97 passes over near the Peter Skene Ogden State Scenic Viewpoint and rest area). Towns along the route include Terrebonne, which provides access to Smith Rock State Park, a climbing mecca, and Culver. North of Culver, the highway enters the agricultural community of Madras.
South of Madras is an intersection with U.S. Route 26 headed eastbound; the two routes share an alignment through the city. On the northern edge of town, 97 forks off to the right, heading northeast; and 26 continues northwest towards Portland. The importance of 97 as a transportation corridor diminishes north of Madras, as most traffic continues to Portland.
South of the community of Shaniko, US 97 forks off its only spur route, U.S. Route 197 which continues heading parallel to the Deschutes River towards Tygh Valley and The Dalles. 97 takes a more easterly course, passing through the high desert region of the Columbia Plateau. Towns along the route include Grass Valley and Wasco. Just south of Biggs Junction, the highway descends from the plateau into the Columbia River Gorge. In Biggs is an interchange with Interstate 84 and U.S. Route 30; immediately north of the interchange is the Biggs Rapids-Sam Hill Bridge over the Columbia River. The river serves as the state line between Oregon and Washington.
Google having trouble with numbers... For my original blog post, see engineroomblog.blogspot.com/2009/05/google-results-1-5-of...
Apparenty, this is the only place in the world where Yahoos Yodel and Googlers Google at a proximity of 10 meters.
~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~
A relief is a sculptured artwork where a modeled form is raised (or alternatively lowered) from a flattened background without being disconnected from it. Reliefs are common throughout the world, for example on monumental buildings. The frieze in the classical Corinthian order is often enriched with bas-relief (low relief). Alto-relievo (high-relief) may been seen in the pediments of classical temples, e.g., the Parthenon. Occasionally, several reliefs together represent a sequence of events.
Types of relief
Liegende Hetäre. around 2nd century, Head is missing
* Bas-relief = ('bah relief") is where the overall depth of a projecting image is shallow. The background is compressed to such an extent it may be flat, as on coins.
* Alto-relievo Alto-relief is where the image is highly undercut and rendered almost in the round against the background. Images are usually near natural depth. The background is detailed and deeper.
* Sunken-relief, also known as intaglio or hollow-relief, is where the "background" is flat, but is nearest the viewer, while the image is deeper, carved into the flat surface.
Famous reliefs
Famous examples of reliefs include:
* Mount Rushmore National Memorial, Keystone, South Dakota
* Great Altar of Pergamon, now at the Pergamon Museum, Berlin
* Lions and dragons from the Ishtar Gate,Babylon
* Temple of Karnak in Egypt
* Angkor Wat in Cambodia
* The images of the elephant, horse, bull and lion at the bottom of the Lion Capital of Asoka, the national symbol of India (the Capital itself is a full sculpture
* glyphs and artwork of the Maya civilization
* The monument to the Confederacy at Stone Mountain, Georgia
* Borobudur temple, Java Island Java, Indonesia
* The Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon now housed at the British Museum.
* The representation of Monticello on a US Nickel (U.S. coin)|nickel.
Search engine rankings internet marketing services. Ready to improve your search engine positioning and increase your website traffic.
~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~
Ready room
A ready room is a small room on a ship which serves a multi-purpose role for the Captain of the ship concerned.
The term was originally used with respect to ships in the British Royal Navy, which had a small room adjacent to the bridge.
It served as a rest and sleeping facility for the Captain, separate from his regular private quarters. Occupation of the ready room was required by regulation when the ship was underway in times of war, when the Captain must be immediately available to the bridge at any hour in case of emergency.
The concept of a ready room has been popular in recent years in the TV show 'Star Trek'. In Star Trek The Next Generation, Star Trek Voyager and Deep Space Nine, the ready room served as an office of the captain or commanding officer of a starship. Here, they could work or hold meetings in private yet still be a moment's notice away from the bridge of their ship.
A vanity search returns nothing. It seems to be working now. See my review of Cuil on my blog.
problems-with-cuil-search.png
A Brief and Informal Twitter Etiquette Guide
"... Twitter isn't like a public place ..."
Disagree Chris A. (not Chris Brogan).
Twitter is as public as you can get. If social media is part of your online identity, the way you behave is exposed for the world to see - the good, the bad and the ugly. I've been collecting such examples to see if I can answer the question, "do people say online what they wouldn't offline? ~ www.flickr.com/photos/bootload/sets/72157621892203204/
If "words are bullets", search engines could result in some pretty embarrassing ammunition.
next >>>
Search results screen shot from the Informal Commons federated search engine. This website searches 7 informal science education websites: ATIS, CAISE, Exhibit Files, Informal Science, NAME, Open Exhibits, and VSA.
Developed by Ideum for theCenter for Advancement of Informal Science Education (CAISE) funded by the National Science Foundation.
You can learn more the site's development at: www.ideum.com/media-web-design/informal-commons
This might seem a strange thing to do but I have been thinking why a handful of my photos keep getting pulled up in searches and search engines all the time. I have selected the 5 most viewed photos and am suggesting a reason for them. You can open the photo by cklicking on it.
Secrets revealed of the Abode of Chaos (144 pages, adult only) >>>
"999" English version with English subtitles is available >>>
HD movie - scenario thierry Ehrmann - filmed by Etienne Perrone
----------
voir les secrets de la Demeure du Chaos avec 144 pages très étranges (adult only)
999 : visite initiatique au coeur de la Demeure du Chaos insufflée par l'Esprit de la Salamandre
Film HD d'Etienne PERRONE selon un scénario original de thierry Ehrmann.
courtesy of Organ Museum
©2012 www.AbodeofChaos.org
~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~
History
[edit] Interim-reservations
* Table Rock Indian Reservation
[edit] After the war of 1855-1856
After the Rogue River Wars of 1855-56, most of the peoples were forced onto (at the time) one of three reservations, Coast, Siletz, and Alsea Reservations, where they were to form a single unified tribe, at each agency (Siletz Agency and the Grand Ronde Agency). The three reservations (combined) originally comprised 1.4 million acres (5,700 km²), which was established by executive order (President Franklin Pierce) on November 9, 1855, only weeks after the start of the Rogue River Wars.
[edit] The Termination act of 1954
Western Oregon Indian Termination Act of 1954, Public Law 588, came into effect on August 13, 1954. The new law severed Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) supervision of trust lands and BIA regulation of services to the Indian peoples.
[edit] The Restoration Bills
In June of 1974, Rep. Wendell Wyatt started the path down to restoration, but the bill did not pass and ultimately failed.
On December 17, 1975 Senator Mark Hatfield introduced restoration bill, S. 2801. At the time Senator Hatfield presented his restoration bill he was quoted as saying, that the Siletz People were "ill-prepared to cope with the realities of American society" when the Termination act went to effect and that they had been "tossed abruptly from a state of almost total dependency to a state of total independence" "to leave the only way of life they had known". The bill included wording to grant/restore hunting and fishing rights. Sadly this bill also did not pass.
Out of Senator Hatfields 1975 failed bill, he and Senator Bob Packwood introduced a new bill, S. 1560, in the month of May 1977. Unlike its 1975 predecessor, it did not include that the hunting or fishing rights be restored (although a companion bill was sent by Rep. Les AuCoin to the United States House of Representatives, H.R. 7259, which the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission fought and helped stall). On August 5 1977 the United States Senate passed the restoration bill and on November 1 1977 so did the House. Which was then sent to President Jimmy Carter on November 3 and then approved November 18.
[edit] Important events in tribal history
* On November 18, 1977, the Confederated Tribes of Siletz became the second tribe in the U.S. to have its federal status restored, and returned to being a sovereign government.
* On June 2, 1979 tribal members adopted a constitution.
* On November 1, 1979 people of the town of Siletz, voted 148 to 134, to give back (which the tribe had given to the city at the time of termination) to the Tribe approximately 36 acres of former tribal land. Which was originally the site of the old Siletz Agency, called then and now, "Government Hill".
* In 1994, the Tribe voted on lowering the blood quantum, to 1/16th, to allow new members to join. Which in conclusion passed.
* In 1995, Artist Peggy O'Neal, was commissioned to paint the famous, trail of tears of the rogue river peoples, painting.
* In 1995 the first, "Run to the Rogue", took place, in which tribal members take turns carrying an eagle flag staff from Government Hill in Siletz to Agness, Oregon (Located on the Rogue River), on foot.
* In 1995 The Siletz Tribe opened up a 157,000 square foot casino/convention center, called Chinook Winds Casino, which overlooks the Pacific Ocean from Lincoln City, Oregon.
* In 2005 a 227-room hotel adjacent to Chinook Winds Casino was purchased and added to the casino.
~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~
Early explorers described the lower Crooked River's floodplain as large and filled with waist-high grasses and willow trees ("Ochoco" is a Paiute word for "willow"). Beaver were also plentiful, especially on the upper river and tributaries, thus fur trappers frequented the region until the beaver were depleted.[2]
Water diversion in the Crooked River basin for irrigation agriculture began in the 1800s. Two large reservoirs were built to supply irrigation water during the summer growing season: Prineville Reservoir on the Crooked River and Ochoco Reservoir on Ochoco Creek. Today irrigation diversions during the summer remove most of the Crooked River's flow below Prineville.[2]
~*Photography Originally Taken By: www.CrossTrips.Com Under God*~
History
David Klein (born in 1946) created the marketing concept of a new kind of jelly bean to be sold in single flavors.[4] He approached the family operating Herman Goelitz Candy Company to manufacture it. Fourth generation Goelitz descendent Herman G. Rowland, Sr., and his parents had decided to expand the company's products more than a decade before. The company was the first American manufacturer to make a gummi bear for the US market. They also made candy corn, mellocremes, gummi worms, giant jelly beans and mini jelly beans, which were the precursor to the famous Jelly Belly jelly bean. Confectioner Marinus van Dam was employed by the company to manage the plant and oversee new product development with Herman Rowland. Marinus van Dam was born in Ooltgensplaat, a township in Oostflakkee, Netherlands, on October 24, 1929. After obtaining a candy manufacturing degree in the Netherlands, he emigrated to the United States and went to work for the Herman Goelitz Candy Company in the 1960s. He rose to the level of vice president before moving on to other companies and finally starting his own business, Marich Confectionery.
Traditional jelly beans started out with plain, uncolored pectin centers that were merely sweetened with sugar. Only the outer candy coating was colored and flavored. The third and fourth generation of the candy family decided to produce a superior jelly bean to set itself off from traditional jelly beans. The centers for the company's mini jelly bean were colored and flavored. This flavor enhancing process was also used on the outer candy shell. With the new generation of Jelly Belly beans the company used real fruit juices and natural flavors when possible to boost the taste experience further. The finished Jelly Belly beans contained about half the sugar of the regular jelly bean, and were more flavorful than the generic jelly beans sold in stores.[2]
David Klein sold the first Jelly Belly jelly beans in a small ice cream parlor, Fosselman's, in Alhambra, California in 1976. The first flavors were Very Cherry, Tangerine, Lemon, Green Apple, Grape, Licorice, Root Beer, and Cream Soda.
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Find it at this Link:
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"Jesus Christ that is a cool truck!"
"I’m glad that guy doesn’t work in my office. He would probably have to whoop my ass in the name of his lord."
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Klamath County (pronounced /ˈklæməθ/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. The county was named for the tribe of Native Americans living in the area at the time the first white explorers entered the region, the Klamaths. As of 2000, the population is 63,775. The county seat is located at Klamath Falls.
History
The Klamath or "Clamitte" tribe of Indians, for which Klamath County was named, has had a presence for 10,000 years. White settlement began in 1846 along the Applegate Trail, which precipitated clashes between the two cultures, and led to the Modoc War of 1872. The Legislative Assembly created Klamath County on October 17, 1882, from the western part of Lake County. Linkville, later known as Klamath Falls, was named county seat.
A treaty was signed with the Klamaths on October 14, 1864, which led to the establishment of the Klamath Reservation. At various times over the next 40 years, different individuals of the Modoc tribe were settled within the reservation. Because of the extensive tracts of forest, the Klamaths were very well off as a people until the termination of the reservation by the U.S. government in 1954. As a result, much of the money received after the termination was lost due to squandering, theft or criminal deception, resulting in increased poverty and loss of tribal identity.[citation needed]
A few of the Klamath refused to accept the buyout money, most notably Edison Chiloquin (1924 - 2003). Instead of the cash, he insisted on receiving the title to ancestral land along the Sprague River where he lived. On December 5, 1980, the Chiloquin Act was signed into law, giving him title to the properties he wanted.
Economy
Historically, Klamath County's economy was based on timber and agriculture, and although these natural resource industries now contribute only a small fraction to the region's current economic activity and employment, their legacy lives on in local politics, community identity, and landscape. Euro-American settlement in the area was spurred in the early 1900s with the coming of the railroad and the heavily taxpayer-subsidized creation of a federal reclamation project. The Klamath Irrigation Project drained much of the 128 square mile (331 km²) Lower Klamath Lake and Tule Lake to convert 188,000 acres (761 km²) of former lakebed and wetland into irrigated farmland.
Sky Lakes Medical Center is the largest employer in the area, followed by Klamath County School District and Jeld-Wen, a manufacturer of doors and windows. The area is currently experiencing a boom in housing construction as its proximity to California brings waves of retirees from population centers to the south. Outdoor recreation, such as hiking, hunting, and world-class trout fishing, as well as Oregon's only National Park at Crater Lake, also contribute to the economy of the area. A complex of six National Wildlife Refuges—Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges Complex—seasonally draw some of the largest concentrations of waterfowl in North America. The area is world-renowned as a birdwatcher's paradise. Natural geothermal hot wells provide heat for many homes, businesses, and the Oregon Institute of Technology campus. The full potential of this energy resource continues to be studied.
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Indian termination policy
Indian termination policy was a policy that the United States Congress implemented in 1950s and 1960s to assimilate the Native Americans (Indians) with mainstream American society, by terminating the government's trusteeship of Indian reservations and making Indians assume all the responsibilities of full citizenship.[1]
Formation
A 1943 survey of Indian conditions, conducted by the United States Senate, revealed that the living conditions on the reservations were extremely poor. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and the federal bureaucracy were found to be at fault for the troubling problems due to extreme mismanagement.[2] The Federal government believed that some tribes no longer needed its protection, and should be part of the mainstream American society.[2] Goals of termination included repealing laws that discriminated against Indians, free the Indians from domination by the BIA, and ending federal supervision of the Indians.[3][4] Senator Arthur V. Watkins of Utah, the strongest proponent for termination, equated it with the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared the freedom of all slaves in the territory of the CSA.[4]
In 1953, the House of Representatives and the Senate announced their support for the "Termination" policy, with House Concurrent Resolution 108:[5]
“ Whereas it is the policy of Congress, as rapidly as possible, to make the Indians within the territorial limits of the United States subject to the same laws and entitled to the same privileges and responsibilities as are applicable to other citizens of the United States, to end their status as wards of the United States, and to grant them all of the rights and prerogatives pertaining to American citizenship ”
Public Law 280, passed in 1953, gave the State governments the power to assume jurisdiction over Indian reservations.[6] In 1957–58, a State Senate Interim Committee investigation revealed that little had been done to prepare Indian reserves for termination.[7] In 1958, the Rancheria Termination Act was enacted.
Western Oregon Indian Termination Act of 1954 – This act terminated about 67 tribes from western Oregon, including the Grand Ronde and Siletz Reservations. This one act terminated more Tribes than all other termination acts combined.
Effects
During 1953–1964, 109 tribes were terminated, approximately 1,365,801 acres (5,527.20 km²) of trust land were removed from protected status, and 13,263 Native Americans lost tribal affiliation.[8] As a result of termination, the special federal trustee relationship of the Indians with the federal government ended, they were subjected to state laws, and their lands were converted to private ownership.[3]
The tribes disapproved of Public Law 280, as they disliked states having jurisdiction without tribal consent. The State governments also disapproved of the law, as they didn't want to take on jurisdiction for additional areas without additional funding. Consequently, additional amendments to Public Law 280 were passed to require tribal consent in law enforcement.[2] On May 3, 1958, the Inter Tribal Council of California (ITCC) was founded in response to the pressures of termination and other issues.
Many scholars believe that the termination policy had devastating effects on tribal autonomy, culture and economic welfare.[4][9][10] The lands belonging to the Native Americans, rich in resources, were taken over by the federal government. The termination policy had disastrous effects on the Menominee tribe (located in Wisconsin) and the Klamath tribes (located in Oregon), forcing many members of the tribes onto public assistance roll
Repudiation
In 1961, President John F. Kennedy decided against implementing any more termination measures, although he did enact some of the last terminations, including that of the Ponca Tribe, which culminated in 1966.[citation needed] Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon decided to encourage Indian self-determination instead of termination.[7]
Some tribes fought back. The struggle lasted until 1980, when the issue made its way to the US Supreme Court. The 1974 Boldt Decision was upheld in 1980 to recognize those treaty rights that were lost. With problems arising in the 1960s several organizations were formed, such as the American Indian Movement (AIM) and other organizations that helped protect the rights of the Indians and their land.[11] In 1975, Congress had implicitly rejected the termination policy by passing the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, which increased the tribal control over reservations and helped with the funding of building schools closer to the reservations. On January 24, 1983, President Ronald Reagan issued an American Indian policy statement that supported explicit repudiation of the termination policy.
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"The young men we remember today did not live to be called veterans,'' President Bush said today at a memorial for "fallen soldiers'' at American Legion Post 121 in Waco, Texas.
"They died in a distant land fighting terror, spreading freedom, and protecting their fellow citizens from danger,'' Bush said. "The valor and selfless devotion of these men fills their families with immeasurable pride.
"Yet this pride cannot fill the hole in their loved ones' aching hearts, or relieve the burden of grief that will remain for a lifetime,'' he said. " In their sorrow, these families need to know, and families all across the nation of the fallen need to know that your loved ones served a cause that is good, and just, and noble.
"And as their Commander-in-Chief,'' the president said, with an oft-repeated promise about his commitment to the war, "I make you this promise: their sacrifice will not be in vain.
"I know all the veterans gathered here and across the nation feel a special bond with our fallen soldiers and their families,'' Bush said. "Many experienced the heartbreak and tragic losses of war. Our veterans know that -- what it's like to lose a brother on the field of battle. And many of them recall the determination they felt when a beloved comrade fell, the determination to pick up the mantle, to carry on the fight, and to complete the mission.
"That's precisely what today's generation of soldiers is doing in the war on terror. Since the attacks of September the 11th, 2001, more than 2 million Americans have stepped forward to put on our nation's uniform -- and during that same period, 1.5 million American troops have made the courageous decision to re-enlist and to stay in the fight.
"These men and women saw the future the terrorists intend for our country, and they said with clear voices: "Not on my watch." America is blessed to have such brave defenders. They are tomorrow's veterans -- and they're bringing pride to our country.
"Their service is noble, and it is necessary. The enemies who attacked us six years ago want to strike our country again -- and next time, they hope to kill Americans on a scale that will make 9/11 pale by comparison. By fighting this enemy in foreign lands, the men and women of our Armed Forces are helping to ensure we do not have to face them in our own land.
"And by spreading the hope of liberty to nations that have not known it, our troops are helping to defeat the ideology of the terrorists -- and secure a future of peace for generations to come.
"As veterans, you have confidence in freedom's cause -- because you have seen with your own eyes the power of liberty to transform nations and secure the peace. The men and women gathered before me took an oath to defend America -- and you upheld that oath with honor, and decency, and valor. You humbled tyrants, liberated continents, and freed millions from unspeakable oppression. And because of your service and sacrifice, the world has been transformed in once unimaginable ways.
"Today, across Europe and Asia, former adversaries in war have become allies in the cause of peace. And in towns and villages on both continents, there are still men and women who talk of the day when the Americans arrived to free them from tyranny.
"I thank our nation's veterans for the fine example that you have set for our country. I thank you for your courage and your patriotism and your devotion to duty. I thank you for standing up for the men and women of our Armed Forces -- and I thank you for all you do to support the families they leave behind during this time of war.
"May God bless and keep all who have made the ultimate sacrifice,'' the president said, "May God bless and keep our brave and honored veterans. May God bless those who are in harm's way. And may God continue to bless our nation. Thank you.''
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Chinook Winds Casino
Chinook Winds Casino and convention center is a Native American casino located in Lincoln City, Oregon. It is operated by the Confederated Tribes of Siletz. The casino's amenities include a 227-room hotel, a 157,000 square foot gaming floor (between two floors), two restaurants (with a 24 hour food counter), a 35,000 square foot convention center, arcade, day-care services, live entertainment, a golf course and other special events.
The casino operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Little known facts
* Before the actual casino was constructed, there was a smaller temporary casino, which was housed inside a huge dome shaped tent.
* In 2000 the casino had over 800 employees.
* There are two separate employee break rooms: One for smokers and a non-smoking room.
* There is a in-house tailor.
* There is a free shuttle service that provides Lincoln County with transportation to and from the Casino.
* Employees have their own diner, which the casino provides free of charge, that has a wide open view of the Pacific ocean.
* The convention center is host to an annual pow-wow.
* The casino provides more jobs in Lincoln City than any other industry.
* In December 2007 a windstorm knocked down a western wall of the Casino.