View allAll Photos Tagged Schedule
Finally, the loot from my visit to Denver! I could've gotten more RTD timetables, but didn't want to weigh myself down too much while out and about by having a giant stack of schedule pamphlets in my pocket.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please do not use this image without first asking for permission. Thank you.
I thought I would make an effort to take a few more photos of Go-Ahead London General's 54-strong fleet of Dennis Tridents from Sutton (A) bus garage with these vehicles dating from early 2009 and with all of them being fitted with the unique Optare Olympus bodywork where they are unique to Sutton Garage for use on the busy routes 93, 151, 154 and 213. In this view DOE 29 is the subject of my photo with the vehicle seen parked up on the bus layover area outside Morden Underground station about to set off on its next scheduled journey on route 154 to West Croydon on the early morning of Saturday 11th March 2023. Also worthy of note is that these DOE class vehicles are fitted with a tree deflector bar on their upper front nearside corner.
Female Peregrine Falcon playing with a Juvenile.
iso 800.1/8 th Cropped image.taken from a long way off.and in deep shadow.
Taken with a Schedule 1 Licence, under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.
"Copyright Steve Waterhouse .©"
RHTT 3W91 again delivers across the Surrey Hills included in an itinerary ex Tonbridge to Crawley, Purley and Coulsdon Town.
On an exceptional morning in clearing mist GBRf's 73212/3 approach Shalford 30min ahead of schedule where the ensemble reverses.
On this occasion there had been scant warning of the train's operation.
28th November 2024
PACIFIC OCEAN (Jan. 16, 2018) Sailors aboard the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) perform pre-flight checks on an E-2C Hawkeye in preparation for flight operations. The Carl Vinson Strike Group is operating in the Pacific as part of a regularly scheduled deployment. (U.S. Navy photo by Senior Chief Mass Communication Specialist Joe Kane/Released)
PACIFIC OCEAN (Jan. 28, 2017) Operations Specialist 3rd Class Tristen Stallsworth, from Little Rock, Arkansas, stands forward lookout on the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) during a replenishment-at-sea with the Military Sealift Command (MSC) dry cargo and ammunition ship USNS Charles Drew (T-AKE 10). The Carl Vinson Strike Group is on a regularly scheduled Western Pacific deployment as part of the U.S. Pacific Fleet-led initiative to extend the command and control functions of 3rd Fleet. U.S. Navy aircraft carrier strike groups have patrolled the Indo-Asia-Pacific regularly and routinely for more than 70 years. (U.S. Navy Photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Theo Shively/Released)
This is a sylvanian Family Theme Park.
The official website of the park (Japanese) www.grinpa.com/sylvania/index.html
Map of the park (Japanese) www.grinpa.com/sylvania/map.html
How to get there (Japanese) www.grinpa.com/access/index.html
Bus schedule from JR Fuji Station (Japanese) www.fujikyu.co.jp/shizuokabus/time_fuji/time_fuji_2_1.html
Bus schedule from JR Gotemba Station (Japanese)
bus.fujikyu.co.jp/line/jikokuhyo/17.html
Bus schedule from JR Mishima Station (Japanese)
www.fujikyu.co.jp/citybus/bustimetable/time1.php
Additional Notes on August 2010
1. Please check web site for rest day. For non-japanese reader, rest date is noted by 休園日 or 休日. On the other hand, 無休 means no rest.
2. Bus schedule do change so please use the kanji to check.
3. From JR Fuji to Grinpa, buses only serve during summer time. The kanji for Summer is 夏, and JR Fuji station is ＪＲ 富士駅. Katagana for Grinpa is ぐりんぱ.
4. From JR Gotemba, the morning bus is 9:35 and 10:30. Note that the bus at 10:30 does not operates during public holiday and saturdays from 7/17～8/31 and the period 8/13～8/16. Last bus back to JR Gotemba leaves at 16:37. Kanji for Gotemba station is 御殿場駅.
5. There is 2 bus that goes to Gripa from Mishima. One goes to Fuji 5th Station and the other to Yeti Ski. Kanji for JR Mishima is 三島駅. Kanji for Spring is 春 and winter is 冬.
6. I found that travelling from Tokyo to Grinpa seems easier than from Osaka to Grinpa when I went in 2006. Also the Information counter at the JR station and bus station also sells entrance ticket to Grinpa. (Entrance tickets wasn't available in JR station in 2006 then)
The time line is a rough estimation of how long I want to work at a job or when to schedule something. The aim is to remove all the red markers by the end of the day, but if some jobs are still undone, the marker can stay there or be rescheduled for a different time for the next day. If a job which can only be done at certain times is left undone before the end of the day, I turn it diagonally, so I can ignore it for the rest of the day, and reschedule the following day. Other undone jobs are just slipped down to a new time slot.
For more information on the slip method visit www.judyofthewoods.net
NASA PHOTO: S69-34875 REMASTERED by Dan Beaumont.
NASA INFO: (June 1969) --- The official emblem of Apollo 11, the United States' first scheduled lunar landing mission. The Apollo 11 crew will be astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, commander; Michael Collins, command module pilot; and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot. The NASA insignia design for Apollo flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and for the official use as the NASA Administrator may authorize. Public availability has been approved only in the form of illustrations by the various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which we do not anticipate, it will be publicly announced.
191123-N-UB406-0111
TROMSO, Norway (Nov. 23, 2019) The U.S. Navy guided-missile destroyer USS Gridley (DDG 101) is moored pierside in Tromso, Norway, during a brief stop for fuel. Gridley is underway on a scheduled deployment as the flagship of Standing NATO Maritime Group One to conduct maritime operations and provide a continuous maritime capability for NATO in the northern Atlantic. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Cameron Stoner)
Ludlow Castle
Heritage Category: Scheduled Monument
List Entry Number: 1004778
More information can be found on the link below:-
historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1004778
——————————————————————————————————-
Ludlow Castle, Castle Square, Ludlow, Shropshire
Ludlow Castle the standing structural remains
Heritage Category: Listed Building
Grade: I Listed
List Entry Number: 1291698
Summary
The standing structural remains of Ludlow Castle, an enclosure castle, begun in the late C11, and converted into a tower keep castle in the early C12.
Reasons for Designation
The standing structural remains of Ludlow Castle are listed at Grade I for the following principal reasons:
Historical: as one of England's finest castle sites, clearly showing its development from an enclosure castle into a tower keep castle in the C12; the castle played an important historical role particularly as seat of the President of the Council of the Marches; Architectural: the castle remains illustrate significant phases of development between the C11 and the C16; Survival: the buildings are in a ruinous condition, but nonetheless represent a remarkably complete multi-phase complex.
History
An enclosure castle is a defended residence or stronghold, built mainly of stone, in which the principal or sole defence comprises the walls and mural towers bounding the site. Enclosure castles, found in urban and in rural areas, were the strongly defended residence of the king or lord, sited for offensive or defensive operations, and often forming an administrative centre. Although such sites first appeared following the Norman Conquest, they really developed in the C12, incorporating defensive experience of the period, including that gained during the Crusades. Many enclosure castles were built in the C13, with a few dating from the C14, and Ludlow Castle is not alone in having begun as an enclosure castle and developed into a tower keep castle. At Ludlow, the large existing gate tower was converted into a tower keep in the early C12, providing more domestic accommodation, as well as defence.
Ludlow Castle occupies a commanding position at the steep-sided western end of a flat-topped ridge overlooking the valleys of the River Teme and the River Corve. The adjacent town of Ludlow, which was established by the mid-C12, lies to the south and east of the castle. The defences surrounding the medieval town are designated separately. The castle was probably founded by Walter de Lacy in about 1075 and served as the ‘caput' (the principal residence, military base and administrative centre) of the de Lacy estates in south Shropshire until the mid-C13. During the Anarchy of King Stephen's reign the castle was for Matilda until 1139, when it was besieged and captured by Stephen. The de Lacy family recovered the castle in the C12 and retained it, apart from occasional confiscations, until the death of Walter de Lacy in 1241. Ludlow Castle features in an ‘ancestral romance’ called ‘The Romance of Fulk FitzWarren', written in the late C13 about the adventures of a C13 knight. Other documentary sources indicate that when the castle was in royal control it was used for important meetings, such as that held in 1224 when Henry III made a treaty with the Welsh prince, Llewellyn. Following the death of Walter de Lacy in 1241 the castle came into the possession of the de Genevilles, and in the early C14, the castle passed through marriage to Roger Mortimer. Between 1327 and 1330 Roger Mortimer ruled England as Regent, with Edward II's widowed queen, Isabella. Mortimer had himself made Earl of March in 1328. In 1425 the Mortimer inheritance passed to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, who made Ludlow a favoured residence. His eldest son, who assumed the title of Earl of March, claimed the crown as Edward IV in 1461. Edward IV's son Edward was created Prince of Wales in 1471, and in 1473 was sent to Ludlow, where the administration of the principality known as the Council in the Marches was established. Both Edward and the Council remained at Ludlow until Edward IV's death in 1483. Ludlow Castle continued as an important royal residence and in 1493 the Council was re-established at Ludlow with Henry VII's son and heir, Prince Arthur as Prince of Wales. In 1501 Arthur was installed at Ludlow with his bride, Katherine of Aragon, and it was at Ludlow that Arthur died in 1502. In 1534 the Council in the Marches received statutory powers both to hear suits and to supervise and intervene in judicial proceedings in Wales and the Marches, and from that time until 1641, and again from 1660 to 1689, Ludlow's principal role was as the headquarters for the Council and, as such, the administrative capital of Wales and the border region. Milton’s mask, ‘Comus’, was first performed here in 1634 before John Egerton, 1st Earl of Bridgewater, in celebration of the earl’s new appointment as Lord President of Wales. On the dissolution of the Council the castle was abandoned and left to decay. Lead, window glass and panelling were soon removed for reuse in the town. In 1771, when the castle was leased to the Earl of Powis, many of the buildings were in ruins.
Since the late C18, the buildings have undergone repair and restoration at various times, as well as some further deterioration, with some rebuilding and replacement of stonework. Extensive archaeological excavations were undertaken by William St John Hope between 1903 and 1907. The castle is now open to the public.
Details
The standing structural remains of Ludlow Castle, an enclosure castle, begun in the late C11, and converted into a tower keep castle in the early C12.
MATERIALS: the castle is constructed of a variety of local stones; it appears that the greenish-grey flaggy calcerous siltstones that underlies the castle was used in its initial phase, with local sandstones being used thereafter.
PLAN: the castle consists of an elliptical INNER BAILEY, in the north-west corner of the site, representing the earliest area of development, with the OUTER BAILEY, created in the second half of the C12, to the south and east.
BUILDINGS:
The curtain wall of the inner bailey incorporates four mural towers and the former gatehouse, all thought to have been constructed by 1115. Three of the four towers are open at the back and would originally have contained wooden scaffolding supporting look-out and fighting platforms. The fourth tower, known as the POSTERN TOWER, on the western side of the enclosure, has small ground-floor postern doorways on its north and east sides. The former gatehouse, situated at the south-eastern part of the enclosure, is rectangular in plan and was originally three storeys in height. Remaining in the ground-floor of the building is part of a wall arcade, thought to be late-C11, with ornamented capitals. In the early C12 a fourth storey was added to provide more domestic accommodation, thus converting the gatehouse into a tower keep, known as the GREAT TOWER. In the later C12 the original gatehouse entrance passage was blocked (the location of the former arch remains visible on the south elevation) and an archway was cut through the adjacent part of the curtain wall to the north-east, reached by a stone bridge. This archway was partially infilled and a smaller arch constructed in the C14. Access to the upper floors of the tower is by a spiral stair to the east, reached by an ornamented doorcase, the Tudor arch having a trefoiled lintel flanked by cusped panelling and trefoiled lintel, which also gives access to rooms in the Judges’ Lodgings (see below). On the first floor is the hall, with a chamber and garderobe to the west. In the second half of the C15 the north wall of the Great Tower was rebuilt and internal floors added to create new rooms lit by enlarged windows. Adjoining the Great Tower, in the south-west section of the inner bailey, is the INMOST BAILEY, a walled enclosure constructed in the C12 and C13 to provide greater security and privacy to those living in the Great Tower. There is a well within this enclosure surrounded by a low stone wall.
Located in the north-eastern sector of the elliptical enclosure of the inner bailey are the remains of the CHAPEL OF ST MARY MAGDALENE. This was built in the first half of the C12, probably by Gilbert de Lacy, and was remodelled in the C16, probably in two phases. In the first phase, thought to have been undertaken circa 1502 for the installation of Arthur, Prince of Wales, a first floor was inserted in the circular nave, together with additional openings, including a first-floor doorway which gave access to a passage linking the chapel with the Great Chamber Block to the north. In the second phase, during the presidency of the Council in the Marches of Sir Henry Sidney (1560-86), the original presbytery and chancel were taken down and a new chancel, or chapel, built, stretching as far as the curtain wall. The crenellated circular nave, which measures 8.3m in diameter internally, survives to its full height as a roofless shell, and contains much original carving to the round-headed order arches of the door openings, with chevron and billet mouldings, and to the internal blind arcade with a variety of capitals and moulded arches.
Since the late C12, the castle site has been entered through the two-storeyed GATEHOUSE within the eastern part of the curtain wall of the outer bailey. The wall originally had two adjoining rectangular mural towers of which the one to the north of the gatehouse survives as a standing structure; this, together with the adjacent section of the curtain wall form part of the CASTLE HOUSE built in the C18 (listed separately at Grade I). Protruding from the curtain wall defining the western side of the outer bailey are the remains of a semi-circular tower known as MORTIMER'S TOWER, possibly built in the early C13; this originally consisted of a ground-floor entrance passage, with two floors above, and was used as the postern entrance to the outer bailey until the C15. In the south-west corner of the outer bailey are the remains of ST PETER’S CHAPEL, originally a free-standing rectangular structure, founded by Roger Mortimer to celebrate his escape from the Tower of London in 1324, following his rebellion against Edward II. The chapel served as the Court House and offices of the Council in the Marches, for which an adjacent building to the west was constructed. The south-east corner of the chapel is now attached to a wall which completes the enclosure of the outer bailey’s south-west corner. In the north wall of the chapel is a blocked two-light window, enlarged at the bottom when a floor was inserted for the court house; a second original window towards the eastern end now contains a first-floor blocked doorway.
At the end of the C13 or in the early C14 an extensive building programme was initiated, replacing existing structures within the inner bailey with a grand new range of domestic buildings, built along the inside of the north section of the Norman curtain wall. The construction of these new buildings indicates the changing role of Ludlow Castle from military stronghold to a more comfortable residence and a seat of political power, reflecting the more peaceful conditions in the region following the conquest of Wales by Edward I. The first buildings to be completed were the GREAT HALL and the adjoining SOLAR BLOCK (private apartments). The Great Hall, which was used for ceremonial and public occasions, consisted of a first floor over a large undercroft, reached through a moulded pointed arch in the south elevation. The Hall was lit on both south and north sides by three pointed-arched windows with sunk chamfers and ‘Y’ tracery formed of paired cusped trefoil-headed lights, under hoodmoulds; these originally had seats, now partially surviving. The central south window was converted to a fireplace, replacing the louver which formerly covered the open fire towards the east of the Hall, its position indicated by elaborate corbels. At the west end, a series of openings lead into the Solar Block, only one of these (that to the north) being of the primary phase. Within the Hall, at the western end, is a timber viewing platform, which is not of special interest.* The Solar Block is thought to have been begun as a two-storey building, and raised to three storeys shortly afterwards, at which time the adjacent NORTH-WEST TOWER was raised, with the new CLOSET TOWER being built in the angle between the two. Each of the three floors of the Solar Block extended into the North-West Tower, with each being linked to a room in the Closet Tower. All three floors of the Solar were heated, the ground floor having a fireplace which originally had a stone hood; the first-floor room has hooded fireplace, on nearly triangular-sectioned jambs; the room above has a plainer hooded fireplace. The windows include original openings with ‘Y’ tracery and trefoil-headed lights, similar to those in the Hall, and a ground-floor mullioned window probably dating from the late C16.
In the early C14 two additional buildings containing more private apartments were constructed by Richard Mortimer. The three-storeyed GREAT CHAMBER BLOCK was built in about 1320 next to the Great Hall to balance the Solar Block to the west of the Hall. The connecting four-storeyed GARDEROBE TOWER, which projects from the curtain wall of the inner bailey, was also probably built about the same time. As in the Hall and Solar blocks, the floors are now lost but features in the walls remain to indicate layout and function. The main entrance to this block is through a recessed doorway in the south-west corner, with a pointed two-light window above. The undercroft was heated, and is lit by two two-light windows with stone side seats in the south wall. The tracery of the eastern of these windows has been lost. The first-floor main room, or ‘Great Chamber’, contains a grand hooded fireplace carried on a fourfold series of corbels; to either side of the fireplace are large head corbels with leafwork. The Tudor transomed and mullioned window probably replaced an earlier window. The upper room also has a large hooded fireplace, and was lit principally by a large trefoil-headed window with head-stopped hoodmould in the southern wall.
Following the establishment of the headquarters for the Council in the Marches at Ludlow, new buildings were constructed and many existing buildings changed their use. Within the inner bailey the main room in the Great Chamber Block became the council chamber, with additional chambers above. A new adjoining residential block, now called the TUDOR LODGINGS, was built to the east, replacing earlier structures. The block consisted of two sets of lodgings both being of three storeys with attic rooms above. The south wall of this block cuts across openings in the east wall of the Great Chamber Block. Between the lodgings, projecting from the south wall, is a circular stair tower, entered through an ogee-headed arch. The windows in the south elevation are mullioned; several have been blocked. In the north wall of the western lodging, at ground-floor level, is an opening with double trefoil head, having a divided light above. Otherwise, the features of this range are plain, with pointed door openings, and straight lintels to fireplaces.
As the power of the Council grew, further domestic accommodation was needed. To the east of the entrance within the inner bailey, a three-storeyed range, known as the JUDGES LODGINGS, was completed in 1581. On the south side, this building extends the curtain wall upwards, with two gables, and piercing for fenestration, the earlier arched entrance to the inner bailey becoming visually part of the newer building, with rooms above; stone arms set immediately over the archway dated 1581 commemorate the Presidency of the Council of Sir Henry Sidney. Rooms set above the arch leave a gate-passage leading through a second archway to the inner bailey, and giving access to both the Great Keep and the Judges’ Lodgings. The rooms above the gate-passage appear to have been accessed by the embellished Tudor-arched doorway in the Keep at the north end of the passage. The north side of the Judges’ Lodgings, within the inner bailey, has a polygonal stair turret (which originally had a pyramidal roof), with mullioned and transomed eight-light windows set regularly to either side. Within, some indication is given of the arrangement and appearance of the rooms by the survival of numerous fireplaces of red sandstone backed by brick set in herringbone pattern. The adjoining building to the east, originally two-storeyed, is thought to date from the C17.
Other developments during the C16 included changes to the south-west corner tower, enclosed within the inmost bailey, with the installation of a large oven at ground-floor level, with residential rooms above; the tower became known as the OVEN TOWER. In 1522 the PORTER'S LODGE was built in the outer bailey to the south of the gatehouse. The shell of this building now contains the castle shop; the modern structure and fittings of the shop are not of special interest.* Also dating from 1522 is the PRISON, adjoining to the south, which retains square-headed windows with moulded frames and hoodmoulds, and the stable block, completed in 1597, with mullioned windows. Like the porter's lodge, these buildings remain as incomplete shells.
*Pursuant to s.1 (5A) of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 ('the Act'), it is declared that these aforementioned features are not of special architectural or historic interest.
Sources
Books and journals
Cathcart-King, D J, Castellarium Anglicanum, (1983)
Goodall, J, The English Castle, 1066-1650, (2011)
H M Colvin, D R Ransome, The History of the KIng's Works, vol 3, (1975)
Kenyon, J, Castles in Wales and the Marches Essays in honour of DJ Cathcart King, (1987), 55-74
Pevsner, N, Newman, J, The Buildings of England: Shropshire, (2006)
R Allen Brown, H M Colvin, The History of the King's Works, vol 2, (1963)
Shoesmith, R, Johnson, A (eds), Ludlow Castle. Its History and Buildings, (2000)
'' in Archaeological Investigations Ltd, Hereford archaeology series, (1991)
W. H. St John Hope, , 'Archaeologia' in The Castle of Ludlow, (1908)
Other
Pastscape Monument No. 111057,
Shropshire HER 01176,
historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1291698
—————————————————————————————————
Ludlow Castle, Castle Square, Ludlow, Shropshire
Construction of Ludlow Castle began in the late 11th century by the de Lacy's and held by them until the 13th century. In the 14th century it was enlarged by the Mortimers. In the 15th century ownership transferred between the House of York and Lancashire during the War of the Roses. In Elizabethan times the castle was further extended by Sir Henry Sidney. After the civil war the castle declined. It is now owned by the Earl of Powys for the crown.
Grade I listed.
——————————————————————————————————
Welcome to Ludlow Castle, one of the finest medieval ruins in England. Set in the glorious Shropshire countryside at the heart of the superb, bustling black & white market town of Ludlow. Walk through the Castle grounds and see the ancient houses of kings, queens, princes, judges and the nobility – a glimpse into the lifestyle of medieval society
The Castle, firstly a Norman Fortress and extended over the centuries to become a fortified Royal Palace, has ensured Ludlow’s place in English history – originally built to hold back unconquered Welsh, passing through generations of the de Lacy and Mortimer families to Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York. It became Crown property in 1461 and remained a royal castle for the next 350 years, during which time the Council of the Marches was formed with responsibility for the Government of Wales and the border counties. Abandoned in 1689 the castle quickly fell into ruin, described as ‘the very perfection of decay’ by Daniel Defoe
Since 1811 the castle has been owned by the Earls of Powis, who have arrested further decline, and allowed this magnificent historical monument to be open to the public. Today the Castle is the home to Ludlow’s major festivals throughout the year and open for all to enjoy.
www.ludlowcastle.com/the-castle/
———————————————————————————————————
See also:-
www.britainirelandcastles.com/England/Shropshire/Ludlow-C...
FOLSOM STREET FAIR RE-MIX! (The re-edited & re-cropped photos from the various FOLSOM STREET FAIRS)
THANK YOU to all the adult men who let ADDA take their photos! (Everyone was properly asked & everyone consented.)
(These photos carry copyright protection. Do NOT post them elsewhere! )
NOTE: MY photos are NOT to be used or reproduced, COPIED, BLOGGED, USED in any way shape or form.
© All rights reserved. Use without permission is illegal
*************************************** ***********
NOTE:
Viewers should be aware that these photos are viewed by a wide variety of folks and inappropriate X & R rated & RUDE or STUPID comments shall be removed forthwith, AND you will be BLOCKED!
Do NOT put NOTES on my photos. They will be deleted and you will be BLOCKED. NOTES ruin the viewing pleasure of others.
-----------
Check out ADDA DADA's other FOLSOM STREET FAIR sets !
--
here's the FOLSOM STREET FAIR schedules...
september 29, 2013
september 21, 2014
september 27, 2015
A Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle and an Abrams M1A2 Main Battle Tank prepare to beoffloaded May 5, 2016 at the railhead near Vaziani Training Area, Georgia in preparation forNoble Partner 16. The exercise is scheduled to take place May 11 to 26 and will includeapproximately 1300 participants from the U.S., Georgia and the U.K. Noble Partner 16 is acritical part of Georgia's training for its contribution of a light infantry company to the NATOResponse Force (NRF) and enhances Georgian territorial self-defense capability. (Photo bySpc. Ryan Tatum, 1st Armor Brigade Combat Team, 3rd Infantry Division)
Griffin Bus, L563 YCU waits to turn out of Hever Avenue into London Road, West Kingsdown whilst working route 419.
This was the final week that the 419 was scheduled to visit Darent Valley Hospital, from the following Monday the service was cut back to Dartford Town Centre and renumbered 408. Tuesday 19th April 2011
New to Kentish Bus as 563 in April 1994 and based at Lewisham for use on 161 it was transferred to Northfleet in December 1995 for use on route 96. Upon being absorbed into the ARRIVA Kent Thameside it gained the fleet number 5563. In March 1999 it was transferred to ARRIVA Kent & Sussex and based at Maidstone until withdrawal. It was withdrawn by ARRIVA in 2009 and passed to a private buyer who loaned it out to Griffin Bus, Longfield and from May 2011 Go-Coach, Otford. It was later used Carmen's Coaches on route TW4 before being sold for scrap.
Volvo Olympian - Northern Counties Palatine II (Ex-Kentish Bus 563 & ARRIVA Southern Counties 5563)
IMG_4217
"Off the beaten path"
To all who visit and view, and – especially – express support and satisfaction: you are much appreciated!
Höerhof: Im gepflasterten Hof
___________________________________________
Album Description – Idstein, Germany – 2016APR07
I visited somewhere so small I didn’t see any stoplights, so big it has 11 suburbs – eleven formerly independent villages absorbed in 1971 into Idstein, a splendid Town of Tradition with history dating to 1102 – a royal seat in the past and a modern city in the present!
My friends Dori & Siggi picked me up 2:00 at the crew hotel; Dori drove us north across the Rhine River, then 12 miles on further north, past Wiesbaden up into a magnificent town in the Taunus Mountains I have long wanted to tour. Highlights:
✓Castle Lane („Schloßgasse“):
• Tower of Idstein 'Bergfried', 'Wachturm', a 12th-century free-standing fighting-tower in Castle Garden 'Schloßgarten', a part of Idstein Castle a.k.a. the Witches‘ Tower 'Hexenturm'
• Idstein Castle, former fortress 'Burg Idstein', Castle Lane 'Schloßgasse', later palace 'Schloß Idstein' 1614, now school
• Fortress Gate, the massive 'Burgtor' 1497
• Heavenly Lane 'Himmelsgasse':
• Timber-frame 'Fotostudio Idstein Claudia Rothenberger' 18th century corner building, corner of Felix-Lahnstein-Street
• Timber-frame 'Gasthof zur Peif' 1615, at King Adolf Square
✓Upper Lane 'Obergasse':
• Hotel/Restaurant German House 'Deutsches-Haus' 1751
• Hotel/Restaurant house Henrich Heer built 1620 'Höerhof'
✓Martin Luther Street 'Martin-Luther-Straße':
• Parish Church 'Pfarrkirche' 1330
• Picturesque view at the church down a cobblestone lane to the Town Hall and the Tower of Idstein
✓King Adolf Square 'König-Adolf-Platz':
• Town Hall 'Rathaus' 1698
• Historic timber-framed houses 'Fachwerkhäuser, and most especially the gorgeous house ‘Killingerhaus’ 1615
✓Lopsided house 'Das sogenannte Schiefe Haus' 1727
✓Brewpub, the Idsteiner 'Alte Feuerwache' 1928, a converted old fire station, where we ate an early supper
Due to its well-preserved Old Town 'Altstadt', Idstein is on the German Timber-Frame Road 'Deutsche Fachwerkstraße', a tourist route through towns with fine timbered construction. It was so much fun visiting here with my friends Dori & Siggi; I am scheduled for FRA next week, when we plan to return!
The best of 524 photos from this layover are a 3-album set:
• Mainz, Germany – 2016APR06-08
• Idstein, Germany – 2016APR07
• Roman Limes Tower at Idstein, Germany – 2016APR07
Hope you enjoy my favorite 27% of the 371 photos in Idstein!
Sullivan's E49 on TfL Rail Replacement seen at Harold Wood Stn while working a short journey to Romford.
Northern 319378 seen skipping it's scheduled stop at Gatley on a service to Manchester Airport. The stop was skipped due to issues with the OHL line earlier.
© Michael McNiven 2018, All rights reserved
The Saints will open 2014 Training Camp Presented by Verizon on Thursday, July 24 when players report to The Greenbrier in White Sulphur Springs, W.V. for physicals and meetings and hold their strength and conditioning tests. The Saints will begin on-field workouts in a non-padded practice session on Friday, July 25 from 8:50-11:40 a.m. followed by a walk thru from 4:30-5:30 p.m. While at The Greenbrier, the club will hold a total of 20 practices, including a scrimmage on Saturday, August 2. All training camp workouts scheduled both at The Greenbrier and in Louisiana will be open to fans and media.
A visit to Beaumaris Castle on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales. Our 2nd visit in around 20 years.
Heading in towards the South Gatehouse, discovered that there was more of the castle to explore!
Beaumaris Castle (Welsh: Castell Biwmares), located in the town of the same name on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, was built as part of Edward I's campaign to conquer the north of Wales after 1282. Plans were probably first made to construct the castle in 1284, but this was delayed due to lack of funds and work only began in 1295 following the Madog ap Llywelyn uprising. A substantial workforce was employed in the initial years under the direction of James of St George. Edward's invasion of Scotland soon diverted funding from the project, however, and work stopped, only recommencing after an invasion scare in 1306. When work finally ceased around 1330 a total of £15,000 had been spent, a huge sum for the period, but the castle remained incomplete.
Beaumaris Castle was taken by Welsh forces in 1403 during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr, but was recaptured by royal forces in 1405. Following the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, the castle was held by forces loyal to Charles I, holding out until 1646 when it surrendered to the Parliamentary armies. Despite forming part of a local royalist rebellion in 1648 the castle escaped slighting and was garrisoned by Parliament, but fell into ruin around 1660, eventually forming part of a local stately home and park in the 19th century. In the 21st century the ruined castle is managed by Cadw as a tourist attraction.
Historian Arnold Taylor described Beaumaris Castle as Britain's "most perfect example of symmetrical concentric planning". The fortification is built of local stone, with a moated outer ward guarded by twelve towers and two gatehouses, overlooked by an inner ward with two large, D-shaped gatehouses and six massive towers. The inner ward was designed to contain ranges of domestic buildings and accommodation able to support two major households. The south gate could be reached by ship, allowing the castle to be directly supplied by sea. UNESCO considers Beaumaris to be one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe", and it is classed as a World Heritage site.
Grade I listed building
History
Beaumaris Castle was begun in 1295, the last of the castles built by Edward I to create a defensive ring around the N Wales coast from Aberystwyth to Flint. The master mason was probably James of St George, master of the king's works in Wales, who had already worked on many of Edward's castles, including Harlech, Conwy and Caernarfon. Previously he had been employed by Philip of Savoy and had designed for him the fortress palace of St Georges d'Esperanche.
Unlike most of its contemporaries, Beaumaris Castle was built on a flat site and was designed on the concentric principle to have 4 defensive rings - moat, outer curtain wall, outer ward and inner curtain wall. It was originally intended to have 5 separate accommodation suites. In the event they were not built as work ceased c1330 before the castle was complete. A survey made in 1343 indicates that little has been lost of the fabric in subsequent centuries, despite being besieged during the revolt of Owain Glyndwr. However it was described as ruinous in 1539 and in 1609 by successive members of the Bulkeley family, who had settled in Anglesey and senior officials at Beaumaris from the C15, although they were probably unaware that the castle had never been finished. During the Civil War the castle was held for the king by Thomas, Viscount Bulkeley, who is said to have spent £3000 on repairs, and his son Colonel Richard Bulkeley. After the Restoration it was partly dismantled. The castle was purchased from the crown by the 6th Viscount Bulkeley in 1807, passing to his nephew Sir Richard Bulkeley Williams-Bulkeley in 1822. Sir Richard opened the castle grounds to the public and in 1832 Princess Victoria attended a Royal Eisteddfod held in the inner ward. Since 1925 it has been in the guardianship of the state, during which time the ruins have been conserved and the moat reinstated.
Exterior
A concentrically planned castle comprising an inner ward, which is square in plan, with high inner curtain wall incorporating gatehouses and towers, an outer ward and an outer curtain wall which is nearly square in plan but has shallow facets to form an octagon. The outer curtain wall faces the moat. The castle is built mainly of coursed local limestone and local sandstone, the latter having been used for dressings and mouldings. Openings have mainly shouldered lintels.
The main entrance was the S side, or Gate Next the Sea. This has a central gateway with tall segmental arch, slots in the soffit for the drawbridge chains, loop above it and machicolations on the parapet. The entrance is flanked by round gatehouse towers which, to the L, is corbelled out over a narrower square base set diagonally, and on the R is corbelled out with a square projecting shooting platform to the front. The towers have loops in both stages, and L-hand (W) tower has a corbelled latrine shaft in the angle with the curtain wall. The shooting platform has partially surviving battlements, and is abutted by the footings of the former town wall, added in the early C15. On the R side of the gatehouse is the dock, where the curtain wall has a doorway for unloading provisions. The dock wall, projecting at R angles further R has a corbelled parapet, a central round tower that incorporated a tidal mill and, at the end, a corbelled shooting platform, perhaps for a trebuchet, with machicolations to the end (S) wall. The E side of the dock wall has loops lighting a mural passage.
The curtain walls have loops at ground level of the outer ward, some blocked, and each facet to the E, W and N sides has higher end and intermediate 2-stage round turrets, and all with a corbelled parapet. The northernmost facet of the W side and most of the northern side were added after 1306 and a break in the building programme. The towers at the NW and NE corners are larger and higher than the other main turrets. On the N side, in the eastern facet, is the N or Llanfaes Gate. This was unfinished in the medieval period and has survived much as it was left. The gateway has a recessed segmental arch at high level, a portcullis slot and a blocked pointed arch forming the main entrance, into which a modern gate has been inserted. To the L and R are irregular walls, square in plan, of the proposed gatehouse towers, the N walls facing the moat never having been built. Later arches were built to span the walls at high level in order to facilitate a wall walk. The NE tower of the outer curtain wall has a corbelled latrine shaft in the angle with the E curtain wall, and in the same stretch of wall is a corbelled shaft retaining a gargoyle. The SE tower also has a corbelled latrine shaft in the angle with the E curtain wall.
In the Gate Next the Sea the passage is arched with 2 murder slots, a loop to either side, and a former doorway at the end, of which draw-bar slots have survived. In the R-hand (E) gatehouse is an irregular-shaped room with garderobe chamber. On its inner (N) side are mural stair leading to the wall walk and to a newel stair to the upper chamber. The upper chamber has a fireplace with missing lintel, and a garderobe. The L-hand (W) gatehouse has an undercroft. Its lower storey was reached by external stone steps against the curtain wall, and retains a garderobe chamber and fireplace, formerly with projecting hood. The upper chamber was reached from the wall walk.
On the inner side facing the outer ward, the outer curtain wall is corbelled out to the upper level, except on the N side where only a short section is corbelled out. To the W of the gatehouse are remains of stone steps to the gatehouse, already mentioned, and stone steps to the wall walk. Further R the loops in the curtain wall are framed by an arcade of pointed arches added in the mid C14. The curtain wall towers have doorways to the lower stage, and were entered from the wall walk in the upper stage. In some places the wall walk is corbelled out and/or stepped down at the entrances to the towers. On the W side, the southernmost facet has a projecting former garderobe, surviving in outline form on the ground and with evidence of a former lean-to stone roof. Just N of the central tower on the W side are the footings of a former closing wall defining the original end of the outer ward before the curtain wall was completed after 1306. Further N in the same stretch of wall are stone steps to the wall walk. The NW corner tower has a doorway with draw-bar socket, passage with garderobe chamber to its L, and a narrow fireplace which formerly had a projecting hood. The upper stage floor was carried on a cross beam, of which large corbels survive, and corbel table that supported joists. In the upper stage details of a former fireplace have been lost.
In the Llanfaes Gate the proposed gatehouses both have doorways with ovolo-moulded surrounds. The L-hand (W) doorway leads to a newel stair. The NE curtain wall tower is similar to the NW tower, with garderobe, fireplaces and corbels supporting the floor of the upper stage. Both facets on the E side have remains of garderobes with stone lean-to roofs, of which the northernmost is better preserved. The SE tower was heated in the upper stage but the fireplace details are lost. In the dock wall, a doorway leads to a corbelled mural passage.
The inner ward is surrounded by higher curtain walls with corbelled parapets. It has S and N gatehouses, and corner and intermediate round towers in the E and W walls. The towers all have battered bases and in the angles with the curtain walls are loops lighting the stairs. The curtain walls have loops lighting a first floor mural passage, and the S and N sides also have shorter passages with loops in the lower storey. The inner curtain wall has a more finely moulded corbel table than the outer curtain wall, and embattlements incorporating arrow loops. The main entrance to the inner ward was by the S Gatehouse. It has an added barbican rectangular in plan. The entrance in the W end wall has a plain pointed arch, of which the voussoirs and jamb are missing on the L side. The S wall has 3 loops and 2 gargoyles, the L-hand poorly preserved, and has a single loop in the E wall. Inside are remains of stone steps against the E wall leading to the parapet. The 2-storey S gatehouse has a 2-centred arch, a pointed window above, retaining only a fragment of its moulded dressings, spanned by a segmental arch with murder slot at high level. The towers to the R and L are rounded and have loops in the lower stage, and square-headed windows in the middle stage.
The SW, W (Middle) and NW towers have similar detail, a loop in the lower stage and blocked 2-light mullioned window in the middle stage. The 3-storey N Gatehouse, although similar in plan and conception to the S Gatehouse, differs in its details. It has a central 2-centred arch and pintles of former double gates. In the middle storey is a narrow square-headed window and in the upper storey a 2-light window with cusped lights and remains of a transom. A high segmental arch, incorporating a murder slot, spans the entrance. The rounded towers have loops in the lower stage. The R-hand (W) has a window opening in the middle storey, of which the dressings are missing, and in the upper storey a single cusped light to the N and remains of a pair of cusped lights, with transom, on the W side. The L-hand (E) tower has a single square-headed window in the middle storey (formerly 2-light but its mullion is missing) and in the upper storey a single cusped light and square-headed window on the E side. The NE and SE towers are similar to the towers on the W side. In the middle of the E curtain wall is the chapel tower, which has 5 pointed windows in the middle storey.
The S gateway has a well-defended passage. The outer doorway has double draw-bar sockets, followed by a portcullis slot, 4 segmental arches between murder slots, loops in each wall, then another portcullis slot and a segmental arch where the position of a doorway is marked by double draw-bar sockets. Beyond, the passage walls were not completed, but near the end is the position of another doorway with draw-bar socket and the base of a portcullis slot.
The gatehouses have a double depth plan, but only the outer (S) half was continued above ground-floor level. The N side has the footings of guard rooms, each with fireplaces and NE and NW round stair turrets, of which the NW retains the base of a newel stair. Above ground floor level the N wall of the surviving building, originally intended as a dividing wall, has doorways in the middle storey. Both gatehouses have first-floor fireplaces, of which the moulded jambs and corbels have survived, but the corbelled hood has been lost.
Architectural refinement was concentrated upon the N gatehouse, which was the principal accommodation block, and the chapel. The S elevation of the N gatehouse has a central segmental arch to the entrance passage. To its R is a square-headed window and to its L are 2 small dressed windows, set unusually high because an external stone stair was originally built against the wall. In the 5-bay middle storey are a doorway at the L end and 4 windows to a first-floor hall. All the openings have 4-centred arches with continuous mouldings, sill band and string course at half height. The R-hand window retains a transom but otherwise no mullions or transoms have survived. Projecting round turrets to the R and L house the stairs, lit by narrow loops. To the N of the R-hand (E) stair tower the side wall of the gatehouse has the segmental stone arch of a former undercroft.
The N gate passage is best described from its outer side, and is similar to the S gate. It has a doorway with double draw-bar sockets, portcullis slot, springers of former arches between murder slots, loops in each wall, another portcullis slot, a pointed doorway with double draw-bar sockets, doorways to rooms on the R and L, and a 3rd portcullis slot. The gatehouses have, in the lower storey, 2 simple unheated rooms. The first-floor hall has pointed rere arches, moulded C14 corbels and plain corbel table supporting the roof, a lateral fireplace formerly with corbelled hood, and a similar fireplace in the E wall (suggesting that the hall was partitioned) of which the dressings are mostly missing. Rooms on the N side of the hall are faceted in each gatehouse, with fireplaces and window seats in both middle and upper storeys. Stair turrets have newels stairs, the upper portion of which is renewed in concrete on the W side.
The Chapel tower has a pointed rubble-stone tunnel vault in the lower storey. In the middle storey is a pointed doorway with 2 orders of hollow moulding, leading to the chapel. Above are 2 corbelled round projections in the wall walk. The chapel doorway opens to a small tunnel-vaulted lobby. Entrance to the chapel itself is through double cusped doorways, which form part of a blind arcade of cusped arches with trefoiled spandrels, 3 per bay, to the 2-bay chapel. The chapel has a polygonal apse and rib vault on polygonal wall shafts. The W side, which incorporates the entrance, also has small lancet openings within the arcading that look out to the mural passage. Windows are set high, above the arcading. The W bay has blind windows, into which small windows were built that allowed proceedings to be viewed from small chambers contained within the wall on the N and S sides of the chapel, reached from the mural passage and provided with benches.
The SW, NW, NE, SE and the Middle tower are built to a standard form, with round lower-storey rooms, octagonal above. They incorporate newel stairs, of which the NW has mostly collapsed, and the SW is rebuilt in concrete at the upper level. The lower storey, which has a floor level lower than the passage from the inner ward, was possibly used as a prison and has a single inclined vent but no windows. Upper floors were supported on diaphragm arches, which have survived supporting the middle storeys of the Middle and SE towers, whereas the SW and NE towers retain only the springers of former arches, and the NE tower has a diaphragm arch supporting the upper storey. In the middle storey of each tower is the remains of a fireplace with corbelled hood.
Each section of curtain wall contains a central latrine shaft, with mural passages at first-floor level incorporating back-to-back garderobes. The N and S walls also have short mural passages in the lower storey to single garderobes in each section of wall. Mural passages have corbelled roofs. The S side is different as it has tunnel-vaulted lobbies adjacent to the towers, between which are short sections of corbelled passage with garderobes. The wall walk also incorporates back-to-back latrines, in this case reached down stone steps.
There is evidence of buildings within the inner ward. Footings survive of a building constructed against the E end of the N wall. In the curtain wall are 2 fireplaces, formerly with corbelled hoods, to a first-floor hall. On the S side of the chapel tower is the stub wall of a larger building. On the N side of the W curtain wall are the moulded jambs of a former kitchen fireplace, and adjacent to it against the N wall is the base of a bake oven. On the E side of the S curtain wall the wall is plastered to 2-storey height.
Reasons for Listing
Listed grade I as one of the outstanding Edwardian medieval castles of Wales.
Scheduled Ancient Monument AN001
World Heritage Site
South Gatehouse
The North Head lighthouse is again open to visitors after a multi-year restoration project. Everything is spic and span, and the views from the site are out of this world. Do go see it if you can, but check the schedule first.
======================
From the main campground at Cape Disappointment State Park you can see Cape Disappointment Lighthouse to the southeast and North Head Lighthouse to the north. How did two lighthouses end up so close together?
After Cape Disappointment Lightstation was established in 1856 to mark the entrance to the Columbia River, mariners approaching the river from the north complained they could not see the light until they had nearly reached the river. Their cry for an additional lighthouse was supported by the many shipwrecks that occurred along the Long Beach Peninsula, just north of the cape.
North Head Lighthouse with attached workroom
Photograph courtesy U.S. Coast Guard
In 1889, the Lighthouse Board threw their support behind a new lighthouse at North Head, writing:
The present light at Cape Disappointment is inadequate for the purposes of commerce and navigation. It is believed that if North Head is marked by a first-order light, and the proposed lightstations at Gray’s Harbor and Destruction Island are completed, that the Pacific coast will be well supplied with lights of the first order from Cape Flattery to Tillamook Rock. Proper measures should be taken for the establishment of a first-order light at North Head. This, it is estimated, will cost $50,000. …When this light is established, the first-order light at Cape Disappointment will no longer be necessary, and it is proposed to then reduce it to a light of the fourth-order. It will then be of sufficient power to benefit vessels close to the bar outside and vessels in the Columbia River.
On February 15, 1893, Congress authorized the construction of a lighthouse on North Head at a cost not exceeding $50,000, and it then provided the first $25,000 on August 18, 1894, and the additional $25,000 on March 2, 1895. Bids for constructing a wagon road to the construction site from the target grounds at nearby Fort Canby were opened on July 15, 1895, but as the lowest bid greatly exceeded the estimate, the road was built by hired labor with materials purchased on the open market.
Separate contracts were awarded in September 1896 for providing the tower’s metalwork and for constructing the station’s building. The metalwork was to be delivered to the wharf at Fort Canby by February 23, 1897, but it didn’t arrive until August 15, 1897, 173 days late. As a penalty for the delay, the contractor was fined $4,325 or $160 more than the value of the contract.
George Langford, the contractor responsible for the station’s structures, completed the dwellings, barn, and as much of the tower and two oil houses as possible without the metalwork by the spring of 1897. After the metalwork arrived, Langford finished his work on November 15, 1897.
Designed by Carl W. Leick, North Head Lighthouse consists of brick masonry built atop a sandstone foundation and finished with a cement plaster overlay. Sixty-nine steps lead to the lantern room, which is sixty-five feet from the ground and 194 feet above sea level. The first-order, Louis Sautter & Co. Fresnel lens, which was transferred from Cape Disappointment Lighthouse, was lit for the first time on May 16, 1898.
Since North Head is only two miles north of Cape Disappointment, the two lights needed distinct signatures. A fixed-white characteristic was chosen for North Head, while Cape Disappointment displayed alternating red and white flashes.
Alexander K. Pesonen, who had been serving as head keeper at Tillamook Rock Lighthouse, was transferred to North Head to be its first keeper. Keeper Pesonen was born in Finland in 1859, and immigrated to the United States in 1876. Pesonen was awarded the lighthouse efficiency flag for having the model station in the district in 1919.
Freed from the isolation of Tillamook Rock, Pesonen married Mary Watson in 1890, two years after arriving at North Head. In the spring of 1923, Keeper Pesonen took his wife to a doctor in Portland, Oregon, where she was diagnosed with “melancholia,” a condition marked by persistent depression and ill-founded fears. The couple returned to North Head on June 8, and the following morning, Mary arose early and went for a walk with her dog Jerry.
Aerial view of station in 1957. Note weather station between lighthouse and keeper’s dwellings.
Photograph courtesy U.S. Coast Guard
The dog returned a short while later, and its “queer antics” alerted Keeper Pesonen that something was wrong. The local paper explained what happened next:
He notified the boys at the radio station and also at the weather bureau, and a searching party was soon organized. The dog led searchers to a spot just under the fire control station near the North Head Lighthouse, and there they found her coat lying on the edge of the cliff. A trail through the tall grass, as though someone had slid down the cliff, was mute evidence of what had befalled the unfortunate woman.
At extreme personal risk, Second Assistant Keeper Frank C. Hammond recovered Mary’s body from the base of the cliff before the tide could carry it out to sea. Mary Pesonen was buried in Ilwaco, and when Alexander passed away two years later, not long after retiring, he was interred next to his wife.
Mary had become a member of the “Unity” movement, known for faith-based healings, a few years before her death, and the night before she slipped down the cliff, she wrote a letter which included: “I see where I have been wrong in a great many ways but please God I will try and change and do better…I'm even going to try and do without my medicine and just pray I’ll get better and better.”
Mabel Bretherton, the only female keeper at North Head, was transferred to the lighthouse from Cape Blanco in 1905, retaining her position as a second assistant keeper. Mabel had been married to Bernard J. Bretherton, who served as an assistant at Coquille River Lighthouse until his death in February 1903 of tuberculosis. The Lighthouse Service often offered employment to the widows of keepers to help them support their families, and such was likely the case with Mabel, as in 1903 she had three children under ten. Mabel left lightkeeping in 1907, and by 1910 she was working as the superintendent of a Women’s Exchange in Portland.
On at least two occasions, keepers at North Head had to rescue people who got too close to the edge of the cliffs. On September 7, 1931, First Assistant Keeper Clayborn R. Williams rescued a man who was hanging to a cliff south of the station and was in imminent danger of falling seventy-five feet to the sea below. Three years later, Keeper Andros G. Siniluoto rescued a man who had survived a 100-foot fall from the cliffs to the rocks below.
North Head is one of the windiest places in the United States, with wind velocities in excess of 100 mph being frequently measured. The U.S. Weather Bureau built a station on North Head between the lighthouse and keeper’s dwellings in 1902. On January 29, 1921, winds were clocked at 126 mph before the measuring instrument blew away. Fearing for their safety, the weather observers sought refuge in the keeper’s dwellings as they were more sturdily built. The weather station closed in 1955, and the buildings were later demolished.
The U.S. Army ran a signal station at North Head during the first part of the twentieth century to communicate weather observations to passing vessels as well as to the batteries at Fort Canby. Residences for the personnel were located north of the keeper’s dwellings, while the operations building was situated between the keeper’s dwellings and the weather station. The cement patch just west of the head keeper’s residence is what remains of a tennis court built by the Signal Corps.
On April 19, 1932, a wild duck went crashing through one of the storm panes in the lantern room, causing slight damage to the lens. Wire nets had been placed around lantern rooms at other stations to prevent such occurrences, but incidents of this sort rarely occurred at North Head.
A fourth-order lens replaced the original first-order lens in 1937, two years after electricity came to the station. Five years later, on June 22, 1942 at 12:35 a.m., the keeper was ordered to turn off the light. Fort Stevens, Oregon had just been fired upon by a Japanese submarine, and as part of a strategy to keep the location of Fort Stevens and Fort Canby hidden, the surrounding lighthouses were darkened until the danger was over.
In 1950, two revolving aerobeacons replaced the fourth-order lens. The light was automated in 1961 when photoelectric cells were installed to turn the light on and off, and the last keeper left on July 1, 1961.
With the keepers gone, the lighthouse began to deteriorate. Fortunately, the Coast Guard restored the lighthouse in 1984, allowing the tower to be opened to the public under the direction of Cape Disappointment State Park. The keeper’s dwellings, located about a half-mile into the woods from the tower have also been restored, and since 2000, both the keeper’s duplex and the single-family dwelling have been available for overnight stays. Prior to this, the housing was used for park rangers.
Two of the Fresnel lenses used at North Head Lighthouse have been preserved. The first-order lens, which was on display outside the lighthouse in 1951, can now be seen at the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center inside Cape Disappointment State Park, and the fourth-order lens is housed at the Columbia River Maritime Museum in Astoria, Oregon. The two aerobeacons remained in the lantern room until September 28, 1992, when a modern beacon was mounted on the top railing outside the lantern room. A Vega rotating beacon, lit by a twelve-volt bulb that is on a six-bulb appliance that rotates in a new bulb when one burns out, was installed back inside the lantern room in December 1996.
Congress approved the transfer of North Head Lighthouse to the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission in 1983, but the area around the tower was known to be contaminated due to the use of lead-based paint, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) requires that “any federal agency transferring real property out of federal ownership must certify that all remedial action necessary to protect human health and the environment has been taken.” As cleaning up the property was not a high priority for the Coast Guard, the transfer was postponed.
On October 17, 2011, White Shield, Inc., under a contract with the Coast Guard, initiated the cleanup of the contaminated soil surrounding the lighthouse. Title to the lighthouse was finally transferred in October 2012 to Washington State Parks, who in conjunction with the Keepers of North Head Lighthouse soon began some of the roughly $2 million in repairs the lighthouse required. The Keepers of North Head Lighthouse have raised some funds through tours and merchandise sales, but plan to apply for Lighthouse Environmental Programs funds, which are raised through lighthouse license plate sales in the State of Washington. A celebration marking the transfer of the lighthouse was held in June 2013. The lantern room was restored in 2015, while the tower received much needed attention in 2016.
North Head is the most intact light station in the Pacific Northwest. All of its original buildings remaining standing, including the tower, two oil houses, two residences, a barn, chicken coop, and garages.
A daily schedule of Aircon Ceres bus connection from Dumaguete to Cebu City . But there's also a non-aircon Ceres for Cebu City if you miss the airconed one. These Ceres connections cross the Tanon by Maayo Barge either from Sibulan Port or at Tampi which is 15 mins away from each other by car . If missing chances of any Ceres connections, just get straight to the ports , best is Sibulan . Sibulan port has both Maayo Barge and other boats crossing for Liloan, Cebu . From there one can catch any bus for Cebu city. It takes around 4 hours from Dumaguete to Cebu or give extra one hour if your bus is slow.
Using Ceres bus is my prefered means of travel for Cebu ( catching up with my flight ) than by Super Ferry boat from Dumaguete. It's unrealiable , big time. You check the port, they were not on operation for a week , huh. I don't have any idea if it's still operating of today . The last time I boarded Super Ferry was on my trip in 2009 ( Cebu - Dumaguete ). It used to be good. It takes around 2 hours to Dumaguete but since they were stopping by Tagbilaran, Bohol it gets around 3 hours to reach Dumaguete. What puts me off using the Super Ferry was, they asked me to pay by weight of my cargo that still excludes my passenger fare. As if you're taking a flight . There was not any single poster that indicates their rip off scheme until you are inside the boat and it's ready to leave, then you pay twice. I don't think it pleases people .Passengers caught up with it must be outraged . Business is competitive . If doing business , you need to be costumer pleaser , so they'll come back take your service over and over again , not rip them off at once and and loose them. It's like shooting bullets on your own foot . This must have happened to Super Ferry unless they were "repentant" and have changed their business operation passenger friendly.
The "fun" schedules on the Minneapolis Sub continue as Friday saw a 13:30 meet between L517 (on the siding) and L516 (on the main) here at New Richmond. I missed the head end of L517 but L516 had this tasty pair of still clean GEs. March 7, 2014.
“Be careful what you water your dreams with. Water them with worry and fear and you will produce weeds that choke the life from your dream. Water them with optimism and solutions and you will cultivate success. Always be on the lookout for ways to turn a problem into an opportunity for success. Always be on the lookout for ways to nurture your dream.”
Eyemadreamer Lao Tzu
================================================================
[124/365]
Sorry flickr mates! My internet is still down and school is driving me crazy; I have a lot of stuff to catch up. Thanks for all the wonderful comments and the favs. Thanks to some peeps who add me.
Funny thing that happened to me yesterday, I had a dream that I went to the restroom because I really need to pee badly. I really felt like I was inside the restroom, so I did my business inside my dream. Then I woke myself up realizing that I was peeing. So I rush to the bathroom to pee…lol…. I haven’t peed myself since I was a kid…lol….I learned my lesson; I’m going to start using the restroom when I have the urge to use the restroom.
The peeing story continues when the company that I’m going to start working asked me to take a drug test. So I went to take a drug test and I honestly didn’t expect that they wanted a urine sample. It was my first time taking a drug test, so there I was holding my urine inside a container. It was totally an awkward moment for me. I give those people props for working a drug test company and have to take urine sample for different people…
A pretty funny day, although did have some bad days this week. I don’t know if I did well on my mid-term >__<…I hope for the best. My professor is such a jerk because she doesn’t want me to miss class and that she didn’t excuse me for taking my drug test (It was my first time missing 2 classes this semester). Well it’s totally not my fault, I blame those people who hired me and scheduled me on the day of my school hours…
Crazy week, I hope u guys had a good week. Remember to keep smiling; funny moments could happen to you…lol
This is the ruins of Castle Rising Castle, near the village of Castle Rising.
When we got to the car park, I noticed a school party. So as soon as we paid and got in, I went all the way around taking pictures of the castle. By the time I completed one lap of the castle mound above, the secondary school kids started to come in. So I went out, had a little look at the village and road then back in.
Weren't here for long but at least I got my photos of the castle. I missed going inside it, but then those students were probably inside doing school work or something.
It is north of King's Lynn, and south of Sandringham.
Castle Rising Castle is a ruined castle situated in the village of Castle Rising in the English county of Norfolk. It was built in about 1138 by William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel, who also owned Arundel Castle. Much of its square keep, surrounded by a defensive mount, is intact. It is currently owned by Lord Howard of Rising, a descendant of William d'Aubigny.
The ruins are Grade I listed.
Ruins of Castle and Eleventh Century Church, Castle Rising - British Listed Buildings
Castle, c1138 for William d'Albini II. Barnack limestone with carstone,
Sandringham sandstone and flint. Hall keep with footings to domestic
buildings in carstone to north, surrounding circular rampart with parts of
curtain wall, gateway through rampart and bridge across deep encircling
ditch. Keep (c24m x 21m x 15m high) ashlared walls now with panels of
coursed local stone. East facade: 3-storeyed forebuilding to right breaking
forward with tiled saddle roof, to left the enclosed outside stairway of
keep. 2-bay forebuilding of ashlar with central pilaster strip and clasping
buttresses to angles, all having shafts to ground and 1st floors; 2 large
semi-circular headed windows to 1st floor, string course above with figure
ccrbels; 3 square openings to 2nd floor; left return with similar window
as east to 1st floor, tall semi-circular headed blank arch below blocked
with local stones and having side shafts. Wall to roofless outside stairs
with ashlar clasping buttress with shafts at angles, central ashlar pilaster
strip having remains above of postern stair; high blank arcade to left and
right, that to left of 6 semi-circular headed arches with cushion capitals
to lost shafts, rear of arcade with chevron indentations, zig-zag string
course below, remains of two circular openings above now containing grotesque
corbels; blank arcade to right of 6 intersecting semi-circular headed arches
with roll mouldings. Keep wall above to rear with central ashlar pilaster
strip, openings to 1st and 2nd floors, clasping buttress to left angle.
South Facade: 4 panels of roughly coursed local stones replacing original
ashlar, ashlared pilaster strips between and clasping angle turret buttresses
with engaged shafts and small stair light; battered plinth; 1 slit opening
per panel to ground floor, 1st floor with varied openings, 2nd floor with
small bullseye to each of 1st three bays, opening of double semi-circular
headed light to 4th bay. Entrance to right to attached outside stair:
semi-circular headed doorway with side shafts, a frieze of corbels above
and a blank arcade of two arches, cornice and 2 circular openings with
grotesques as to left of east facade. North facade as south. West facade
of 4 bays articulated by ashlar pilaster strips, battered plinth, altered
blank arches in ashlar to 2nd, 3rd and 4th bays, continuous with pilaster
strips, but with ashlared forebuilding to left. Interior: floorless; in
two parts, Great Hall to north, Great Chamber to south; basement to west
of Great Hall with pier and double groined vault; service rooms above
including kitchen with circular hearth of on-edge tiles to south-west angle
having circular chimney above through angle turret. Grotesque corbels for
roof of great hall. Remains of chapel in south-east corner of 1st floor
with blank arcading to south and west wall of nave, semi-circular chancel
arch with cushion capitals to shafts and decorative mouldings; one bay
chancel with raised floor, rib vaulting having figure head bosses at
crossing, zig-zag string course below sill of east window. Forebuilding
to north-east: newel stair with ashlared walls and vault; antechamber, to
Great hall on 1st floor, semi-circular headed doorway to Great Hall of 3
orders with side shafts having cushion capitals, each supporting a zigzag
and roll moulding; doorway converted to fireplace and blocked with C15
encaustic heraldic tiles inserted c1840. 1st floor room of 2 bays with rib
vaulting springing from foliage corbels of late C13, vaulting crosses the
semi-circular headed window rear arches with attached shafts. 2nd floor
room an addition, now with internal buttresses and remains of vaulting,
cushion capital to shaft of former external clasping turret buttress of keep
now low at north-west angle; C19 fireplace to south. Bridge: across ditch
to east; revetment of various local stones and erratics, 4-centred head
in brick to arch, parapet with some brick. Gateway through rampart: roofless
in variety of local stone with limestone dressings, semi-circular arches
to front and rear, returns between arches having to left one recess and
doorway to part newel stair, to right 2 recesses, all with semi-circular
headed arches. Small length of curtain wall to south of gateway on rampart,
mainly of 14th brick with some stone, stone facings lost. Ruins of Cll Parish
church: c30m north of keep of the castle, partly within earth rampart; a
variety of local stone: rubble of carstone, Sandringham sandstone, flint
and erratics. 3-cell plan of nave, central tower and apsed chancel. Part
walls of complete plan remaining. Nave with remains of opposing south and
north doorways, low bench around nave walls, to west of south doorway part
of C16 fireplace with some herringbone brickwork. Apse with round headed
single splayed lights to north and east with Roman tiles in internal
dressings. The church was superceded by the C12 church of St. Lawrence (q.v.
6/4) c260m to north, it was subsequently covered by the castle ramparts.
Excavated in early C19 when font base said to fit the stem of font now
in church of St. Laurence was discovered. From 1331-58 the Castle was the
residence of Isabella, wife of Edward II and accomplice to his murder in
l327. The Castle is a Scheduled Ancient Monument Norfolk No. 3 in the care
of English Heritage, R.A. Brown Castle Rising, HMSO, 1978.
I revisited Dunnottar Castle today Wednesday 24th April 2019, unfortunately a sea harr cloacked Stonehaven, blurring the view of the castle from the cliff top that leads down to the stairs accessing the castle, undeterred I decided enter the castle grounds, it was a good decision, posting a few of my shots from todays visit to this fine castle ruin.
Dunnottar Castle.
The rock the Castle sits upon was forced to the surface 440 million years ago during the Silurian period. A red rock conglomerate with boulders up to 1m across known as Pudding Stone is incredibly durable.
The ancient Highland rock pebbles and cementing matter is so tough that faults or cracks pass through the pebbles themselves.
I first visited Dunnottar Castle summer 2017, this magnificent castle sits high on a hill, last time I visited I captured my shots from the cliffs overlooking the site, though today I made the journey up the hill and entered the castle walls , wow what a magnificent experience, just perfect with loads of great photo opportunities to capture real Scottish history,after two hours wandering around and capturing as many shots that caught my eye , I made my way home, a magnificent experience indeed.
Dunnottar Castle (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Fhoithear, "fort on the shelving slope" is a ruined medieval fortress located upon a rocky headland on the north-east coast of Scotland, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of Stonehaven.
The surviving buildings are largely of the 15th and 16th centuries, but the site is believed to have been fortified in the Early Middle Ages. Dunnottar has played a prominent role in the history of Scotland through to the 18th-century Jacobite risings because of its strategic location and defensive strength. Dunnottar is best known as the place where the Honours of Scotland, the Scottish crown jewels, were hidden from Oliver Cromwell's invading army in the 17th century. The property of the Keiths from the 14th century, and the seat of the Earl Marischal, Dunnottar declined after the last Earl forfeited his titles by taking part in the Jacobite rebellion of 1715.
The castle was restored in the 20th century and is now open to the public.
The ruins of the castle are spread over 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres), surrounded by steep cliffs that drop to the North Sea, 50 metres (160 ft) below. A narrow strip of land joins the headland to the mainland, along which a steep path leads up to the gatehouse.
The various buildings within the castle include the 14th-century tower house as well as the 16th-century palace. Dunnottar Castle is a scheduled monument, and twelve structures on the site are listed buildings.
History
Early Middle Ages
A chapel at Dunnottar is said to have been founded by St Ninian in the 5th century, although it is not clear when the site was first fortified, but in any case the legend is late and highly implausible. Possibly the earliest written reference to the site is found in the Annals of Ulster which record two sieges of "Dún Foither" in 681 and 694.
The earlier event has been interpreted as an attack by Brude, the Pictish king of Fortriu, to extend his power over the north-east coast of Scotland. The Scottish Chronicle records that King Domnall II, the first ruler to be called rí Alban (King of Alba), was killed at Dunnottar during an attack by Vikings in 900. King Aethelstan of Wessex led a force into Scotland in 934, and raided as far north as Dunnottar according to the account of Symeon of Durham. W. D. Simpson speculated that a motte might lie under the present caste, but excavations in the 1980s failed to uncover substantive evidence of early medieval fortification.
The discovery of a group of Pictish stones at Dunnicaer, a nearby sea stack, has prompted speculation that "Dún Foither" was actually located on the adjacent headland of Bowduns, 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) to the north.
Later Middle Ages
During the reign of King William the Lion (ruled 1165–1214) Dunnottar was a center of local administration for The Mearns. The castle is named in the Roman de Fergus, an early 13th-century Arthurian romance, in which the hero Fergus must travel to Dunnottar to retrieve a magic shield.
In May 1276 a church on the site was consecrated by William Wishart, Bishop of St Andrews. The poet Blind Harry relates that William Wallace captured Dunnottar from the English in 1297, during the Wars of Scottish Independence. He is said to have imprisoned 4,000 defeated English soldiers in the church and burned them alive.
In 1336 Edward III of England ordered William Sinclair, 8th Baron of Roslin, to sail eight ships to the partially ruined Dunnottar for the purpose of rebuilding and fortifying the site as a forward resupply base for his northern campaign. Sinclair took with him 160 soldiers, horses, and a corps of masons and carpenters.
Edward himself visited in July, but the English efforts were undone before the end of the year when the Scottish Regent Sir Andrew Murray led a force that captured and again destroyed the defences of Dunnottar.
In the 14th century Dunnottar was granted to William de Moravia, 5th Earl of Sutherland (d.1370), and in 1346 a licence to crenellate was issued by David II. Around 1359 William Keith, Marischal of Scotland, married Margaret Fraser, niece of Robert the Bruce, and was granted the barony of Dunnottar at this time. Keith then gave the lands of Dunnottar to his daughter Christian and son-in-law William Lindsay of Byres, but in 1392 an excambion (exchange) was agreed whereby Keith regained Dunnottar and Lindsay took lands in Fife.
William Keith completed construction of the tower house at Dunnottar, but was excommunicated for building on the consecrated ground associated with the parish church. Keith had provided a new parish church closer to Stonehaven, but was forced to write to the Pope, Benedict XIII, who issued a bull in 1395 lifting the excommunication.William Keith's descendents were created Earls Marischal in the mid 15th century, and they held Dunottar until the 18th century.
16th century rebuilding
Through the 16th century the Keiths improved and expanded their principal seats: at Dunnottar and also at Keith Marischal in East Lothian. James IV visited Dunnottar in 1504, and in 1531 James V exempted the Earl's men from military service on the grounds that Dunnottar was one of the "principall strenthis of our realme".
Mary, Queen of Scots, visited in 1562 after the Battle of Corrichie, and returned in 1564.
James VI stayed for 10 days in 1580, as part of a progress through Fife and Angus, during which a meeting of the Privy Council was convened at Dunnottar.
During a rebellion of Catholic nobles in 1592, Dunnottar was captured by a Captain Carr on behalf of the Earl of Huntly, but was restored to Lord Marischal just a few weeks later.
In 1581 George Keith succeeded as 5th Earl Marischal, and began a large scale reconstruction that saw the medieval fortress converted into a more comfortable home. The founder of Marischal College in Aberdeen, the 5th Earl valued Dunnottar as much for its dramatic situation as for its security.
A "palace" comprising a series of ranges around a quadrangle was built on the north-eastern cliffs, creating luxurious living quarters with sea views. The 13th-century chapel was restored and incorporated into the quadrangle.
An impressive stone gatehouse was constructed, now known as Benholm's Lodging, featuring numerous gun ports facing the approach. Although impressive, these are likely to have been fashionable embellishments rather than genuine defensive features.
Civil wars
Further information: Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms
In 1639 William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal, came out in support of the Covenanters, a Presbyterian movement who opposed the established Episcopal Church and the changes which Charles I was attempting to impose. With James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, he marched against the Catholic James Gordon, 2nd Viscount Aboyne, Earl of Huntly, and defeated an attempt by the Royalists to seize Stonehaven. However, when Montrose changed sides to the Royalists and marched north, Marischal remained in Dunnottar, even when given command of the area by Parliament, and even when Montrose burned Stonehaven.
Marischal then joined with the Engager faction, who had made a deal with the king, and led a troop of horse to the Battle of Preston (1648) in support of the royalists.
Following the execution of Charles I in 1649, the Engagers gave their allegiance to his son and heir: Charles II was proclaimed king, arriving in Scotland in June 1650. He visited Dunnottar in July 1650, but his presence in Scotland prompted Oliver Cromwell to lead a force into Scotland, defeating the Scots at Dunbar in September 1650.
The Honours of Scotland
Charles II was crowned at Scone Palace on 1 January 1651, at which the Honours of Scotland (the regalia of crown, sword and sceptre) were used. However, with Cromwell's troops in Lothian, the honours could not be returned to Edinburgh. The Earl Marischal, as Marischal of Scotland, had formal responsibility for the honours, and in June the Privy Council duly decided to place them at Dunnottar.
They were brought to the castle by Katherine Drummond, hidden in sacks of wool. Sir George Ogilvie (or Ogilvy) of Barras was appointed lieutenant-governor of the castle, and given responsibility for its defence.
In November 1651 Cromwell's troops called on Ogilvie to surrender, but he refused. During the subsequent blockade of the castle, the removal of the Honours of Scotland was planned by Elizabeth Douglas, wife of Sir George Ogilvie, and Christian Fletcher, wife of James Granger, minister of Kinneff Parish Church. The king's papers were first removed from the castle by Anne Lindsay, a kinswoman of Elizabeth Douglas, who walked through the besieging force with the papers sewn into her clothes.
Two stories exist regarding the removal of the honours themselves. Fletcher stated in 1664 that over the course of three visits to the castle in February and March 1652, she carried away the crown, sceptre, sword and sword-case hidden amongst sacks of goods. Another account, given in the 18th century by a tutor to the Earl Marischal, records that the honours were lowered from the castle onto the beach, where they were collected by Fletcher's servant and carried off in a creel (basket) of seaweed. Having smuggled the honours from the castle, Fletcher and her husband buried them under the floor of the Old Kirk at Kinneff.
Meanwhile, by May 1652 the commander of the blockade, Colonel Thomas Morgan, had taken delivery of the artillery necessary for the reduction of Dunnottar. Ogilvie surrendered on 24 May, on condition that the garrison could go free. Finding the honours gone, the Cromwellians imprisoned Ogilvie and his wife in the castle until the following year, when a false story was put about suggesting that the honours had been taken overseas.
Much of the castle property was removed, including twenty-one brass cannons,[28] and Marischal was required to sell further lands and possessions to pay fines imposed by Cromwell's government.
At the Restoration of Charles II in 1660, the honours were removed from Kinneff Church and returned to the king. Ogilvie quarrelled with Marischal's mother over who would take credit for saving the honours, though he was eventually rewarded with a baronetcy. Fletcher was awarded 2,000 merks by Parliament but the sum was never paid.
Whigs and Jacobites
Religious and political conflicts continued to be played out at Dunnottar through the 17th and early 18th centuries. In 1685, during the rebellion of the Earl of Argyll against the new king James VII, 167 Covenanters were seized and held in a cellar at Dunnottar. The prisoners included 122 men and 45 women associated with the Whigs, an anti-Royalist group within the Covenanter movement, and had refused to take an oath of allegiance to the new king.
The Whigs were imprisoned from 24 May until late July. A group of 25 escaped, although two of these were killed in a fall from the cliffs, and another 15 were recaptured. Five prisoners died in the vault, and 37 of the Whigs were released after taking the oath of allegiance.
The remaining prisoners were transported to Perth Amboy, New Jersey, as part of a colonisation scheme devised by George Scot of Pitlochie. Many, like Scot himself, died on the voyage.
The cellar, located beneath the "King's Bedroom" in the 16th-century castle buildings, has since become known as the "Whigs' Vault".
Both the Jacobites (supporters of the exiled Stuarts) and the Hanoverians (supporters of George I and his descendents) used Dunnottar Castle. In 1689 during Viscount Dundee's campaign in support of the deposed James VII, the castle was garrisoned for William and Mary with Lord Marischal appointed captain.
Seventeen suspected Jacobites from Aberdeen were seized and held in the fortress for around three weeks, including George Liddell, professor of mathematics at Marischal College.
In the Jacobite Rising of 1715 George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal, took an active role with the rebels, leading cavalry at the Battle of Sheriffmuir. After the subsequent abandonment of the rising Lord Marischal fled to the Continent, eventually becoming French ambassador for Frederick the Great of Prussia. Meanwhile, in 1716, his titles and estates including Dunnottar were declared forfeit to the crown.
Later history
The seized estates of the Earl Marischal were purchased in 1720 for £41,172, by the York Buildings Company who dismantled much of the castle.
In 1761 the Earl briefly returned to Scotland and bought back Dunnottar only to sell it five years later to Alexander Keith, an Edinburgh lawyer who served as Knight Marischal of Scotland.
Dunnottar was inherited in 1852 by Sir Patrick Keith-Murray of Ochtertyre, who in turn sold it in July 1873 to Major Alexander Innes of Cowie and Raemoir for about £80,000.
It was purchased by Weetman Pearson, 1st Viscount Cowdray, in 1925 after which his wife embarked on a programme of repairs.
Since that time the castle has remained in the family, and has been open to the public, attracting 52,500 visitors in 2009.
Dunnottar Castle, and the headland on which is stands, was designated as a scheduled monument in 1970.In 1972 twelve of the structures at Dunnottar were listed.
Three buildings are listed at category A as being of "national importance": the keep; the entrance gateway; and Benholm's Lodging.
The remaining listings are at category B as being of "regional importance".[39] The Hon. Charles Anthony Pearson, the younger son of the 3rd Viscount Cowdray, currently owns and runs Dunnottar Castle which is part of the 210-square-kilometre (52,000-acre) Dunecht Estates.
Portions of the 1990 film Hamlet, starring Mel Gibson and Glenn Close, were shot there.
Description
Dunnottar's strategic location allowed its owners to control the coastal terrace between the North Sea cliffs and the hills of the Mounth, 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) inland, which enabled access to and from the north-east of Scotland.
The site is accessed via a steep, 800-metre (2,600 ft) footpath (with modern staircases) from a car park on the coastal road, or via a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) cliff-top path from Stonehaven. Dunnottar's several buildings, put up between the 13th and 17th centuries, are arranged across a headland covering around 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres).
The dominant building, viewed from the land approach, is the 14th-century keep or tower house. The other principal buildings are the gatehouse; the chapel; and the 16th-century "palace" which incorporates the "Whigs' Vault".
Defences
The approach to the castle is overlooked by outworks on the "Fiddle Head", a promontory on the western side of the headland. The entrance is through the well-defended main gate, set in a curtain wall which entirely blocks a cleft in the rocky cliffs.
The gate has a portcullis and has been partly blocked up. Alongside the main gate is the 16th-century Benholm's Lodging, a five-storey building cut into the rock, which incorporated a prison with apartments above.
Three tiers of gun ports face outwards from the lower floors of Benholm's Lodging, while inside the main gate, a group of four gun ports face the entrance. The entrance passage then turns sharply to the left, running underground through two tunnels to emerge near the tower house.
Simpson contends that these defences are "without exception the strongest in Scotland", although later writers have doubted the effectiveness of the gun ports. Cruden notes that the alignment of the gun ports in Benholm's Lodging, facing across the approach rather than along, means that they are of limited efficiency.
The practicality of the gun ports facing the entrance has also been questioned, though an inventory of 1612 records that four brass cannons were placed here.
A second access to the castle leads up from a rocky cove, the aperture to a marine cave on the northern side of the Dunnottar cliffs into which a small boat could be brought. From here a steep path leads to the well-fortified postern gate on the cliff top, which in turn offers access to the castle via the Water Gate in the palace.
Artillery defences, taking the form of earthworks, surround the north-west corner of the castle, facing inland, and the south-east, facing seaward. A small sentry box or guard house stands by the eastern battery, overlooking the coast.
Tower house and surrounding buildings
The tower house of Dunnottar, viewed from the west
The late 14th-century tower house has a stone-vaulted basement, and originally had three further storeys and a garret above.
Measuring 12 by 11 metres (39 by 36 ft), the tower house stood 15 metres (49 ft) high to its gable. The principal rooms included a great hall and a private chamber for the lord, with bedrooms upstairs.
Beside the tower house is a storehouse, and a blacksmith's forge with a large chimney. A stable block is ranged along the southern edge of the headland. Nearby is Waterton's Lodging, also known as the Priest's House, built around 1574, possibly for the use of William Keith (died 1580), son of the 4th Earl Marischal.
This small self-contained house includes a hall and kitchen at ground level, with private chambers above, and has a projecting spiral stair on the north side. It is named for Thomas Forbes of Waterton, an attendant of the 7th Earl.
The palace
The palace, to the north-east of the headland, was built in the late 16th century and early to mid-17th century. It comprises three main wings set out around a quadrangle, and for the most part is probably the work of the 5th Earl Marischal who succeeded in 1581.
It provided extensive and comfortable accommodation to replace the rooms in the tower house. In its long, low design it has been compared to contemporary English buildings, in contrast to the Scottish tradition of taller towers still prevalent in the 16th century.
Seven identical lodgings are arranged along the west range, each opening onto the quadrangle and including windows and fireplace. Above the lodgings the west range comprised a 35-metre (115 ft) gallery. Now roofless, the gallery originally had an elaborate oak ceiling, and on display was a Roman tablet taken from the Antonine Wall.
At the north end of the gallery was a drawing room linked to the north range. The gallery could also be accessed from the Silver House to the south, which incorporated a broad stairway with a treasury above.
The basement of the north range incorporates kitchens and stores, with a dining room and great chamber above. At ground floor level is the Water Gate, between the north and west ranges, which gives access to the postern on the northern cliffs.
The east and north ranges are linked via a rectangular stair. The east range has a larder, brewhouse and bakery at ground level, with a suite of apartments for the Countess above. A north-east wing contains the Earl's apartments, and includes the "King's Bedroom" in which Charles II stayed. In this room is a carved stone inscribed with the arms of the 7th Earl and his wife, and the date 1654. Below these rooms is the Whigs' Vault, a cellar measuring 16 by 4.5 metres (52 by 15 ft). This cellar, in which the Covenanters were held in 1685, has a large eastern window, as well as a lower vault accessed via a trap-door in the floor.
Of the chambers in the palace, only the dining room and the Silver House remain roofed, having been restored in the 1920s. The central area contains a circular cistern or fish pond, 16 metres (52 ft) across and 7.6 metres (25 ft) deep, and a bowling green is located to the west.
At the south-east corner of the quadrangle is the chapel, consecrated in 1276 and largely rebuilt in the 16th century. Medieval walling and two 13th-century windows remain, and there is a graveyard to the south.
Had a shoot scheduled today working outdoors but because of inclement weather that actually turned out just to be a mild drizzle for the time being my plans were put on hold & saved for another day.
Seeing how these past 3 days have been spent editing photos from the wedding and the party i shot later on that night I figure I might as well kick back and relax a little.
Picked up the controller for my PS3 and decided to play "Uncharted 2". Haven't played it since, what, march? Almost forgot how intense the game really was...
But ion't know, looking back on it maybe I was a little bit TOO into it? what do you think? did I overdo it? Just a little?
*shrugs*
A symbolic frontier of lights, the LICHTGRENZE consisting of thousands illuminated balloons to be lit throughout the weekend of November 9th, will be the festive highlight of the numerous events that are scheduled in Berlin throughout this year. Situated right in the heart of the city this unique and arresting light installation will trace a circa 15 km long segment of the former course of the wall that once separated Berlin in two. The light installation is based on an idea by Christopher Bauder and Marc Bauder.
Closed in 1999 and scheduled for demolition. There has been a stadium at this location in Detroit since 1895, and this Steel enforced structure ( previously it had been made of wood ) opened the same week as Fenway Park in Boston. The Tiger Stadium sign was removed from this building at the end of November 2007.
Workforce Scheduling Software: Online labor workforce and employee management software solution for restaurant and retail store from Zip Schedules to empower your workforce and lower labor cost.
The TWA Flight Center, or Trans World Airlines Flight Center, opened in 1962 as standalone terminal designed by Eero Saarinen for Trans World Airlines (TWA) at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), then known as New York International Airport, Anderson Field, but commonly known as Idlewild. In 1969, the terminal received a new departure-arrival concourse and lounge, known as Flight Wing One, designed by Roche-Dinkeloo. Following TWA's financial deterioration and eventual purchase by American Airlines in 1991, the terminal ended operations in October 2001. While portions of the original complex have been demolished, the vacant landmarked head house still sits in front of the JetBlue Airway's Terminal 5 (T5), which was completed in 2008. Adaptive reuse proposals for the head house have included a restaurant, a conference center, and a hotel lobby.
Saarinen's Detroit-based firm was commissioned in 1956 to design the terminal. Given the directive to capture "the spirit of flight", the design featured a prominent wing-shaped thin shell roof over the main terminal, unusual tube-shaped departure-arrival corridors originally wrapped in red carpet and expansive windows that highlighted departing and arriving jets. The terminal was also the first with enclosed passenger jetways, closed circuit television, a central public address system, baggage carousels, electronic schedule board and baggage scales, and the satellite clustering of gates away from the main terminal. The terminal was finally dedicated on May 28, 1962--a year after Saarinen's death--and he received the AIA Gold Medal posthumously that year.
John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK) is busiest international air passenger gateway to the United States, handling more international traffic than any other airport in North America and the leading freight gateway to the country by value of shipments. Originally known as Idelwild Airport, after the Idlewild golf course it displaced when construction started in 1943, it was renamed Major General Alexander E. Anderson Airport that same yaer, and then to New York International Airport, Anderson Field in 1948. The airport was renamed after John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, in 1964. Over ninety airlines operate out of JFK, and it currenly serves as the base of operations for JetBlue Airways and a international gateway hub for American Airlines and Delta Air Lines. In the past, it has been a hub for Eastern Air Lines, National Airlines, Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) and Trans World Airlines (TWA).
The Trans World Flight Center was designated a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1994. The ground floor interior was separately designated, also in 1994.
In 2007, the TWA Terminal at Kennedy Airport was ranked #115 on the AIA 150 America's Favorite Architecture list.
National Historic Register #05000994 (2005)
Schedule complete, the 11.43 ex Didcot Fuelling Point DB RHTT via Swindon arrives back at Didcot Parkway with locos 66019 tn't 66121.
Perhaps realised by this view, looking north today finds an extreme utilitarian railway and associated infrastructure.
9th October 2018
I first visited Dunnottar Castle summer 2017, this magnificent castle sits high on a hill, last time I visited I captured my shots from the cliffs overlooking the site, though today I made the journey up the hill and entered the castle walls , wow what a magnificent experience, just perfect with loads of great photo opportunities to capture real Scottish history,after two hours wandering around and capturing as many shots that caught my eye , I made my way home, a magnificent experience indeed.
Dunnottar Castle (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Fhoithear, "fort on the shelving slope" is a ruined medieval fortress located upon a rocky headland on the north-east coast of Scotland, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of Stonehaven.
The surviving buildings are largely of the 15th and 16th centuries, but the site is believed to have been fortified in the Early Middle Ages. Dunnottar has played a prominent role in the history of Scotland through to the 18th-century Jacobite risings because of its strategic location and defensive strength. Dunnottar is best known as the place where the Honours of Scotland, the Scottish crown jewels, were hidden from Oliver Cromwell's invading army in the 17th century. The property of the Keiths from the 14th century, and the seat of the Earl Marischal, Dunnottar declined after the last Earl forfeited his titles by taking part in the Jacobite rebellion of 1715.
The castle was restored in the 20th century and is now open to the public.
The ruins of the castle are spread over 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres), surrounded by steep cliffs that drop to the North Sea, 50 metres (160 ft) below. A narrow strip of land joins the headland to the mainland, along which a steep path leads up to the gatehouse.
The various buildings within the castle include the 14th-century tower house as well as the 16th-century palace. Dunnottar Castle is a scheduled monument, and twelve structures on the site are listed buildings.
History
Early Middle Ages
A chapel at Dunnottar is said to have been founded by St Ninian in the 5th century, although it is not clear when the site was first fortified, but in any case the legend is late and highly implausible. Possibly the earliest written reference to the site is found in the Annals of Ulster which record two sieges of "Dún Foither" in 681 and 694.
The earlier event has been interpreted as an attack by Brude, the Pictish king of Fortriu, to extend his power over the north-east coast of Scotland. The Scottish Chronicle records that King Domnall II, the first ruler to be called rí Alban (King of Alba), was killed at Dunnottar during an attack by Vikings in 900. King Aethelstan of Wessex led a force into Scotland in 934, and raided as far north as Dunnottar according to the account of Symeon of Durham. W. D. Simpson speculated that a motte might lie under the present caste, but excavations in the 1980s failed to uncover substantive evidence of early medieval fortification.
The discovery of a group of Pictish stones at Dunnicaer, a nearby sea stack, has prompted speculation that "Dún Foither" was actually located on the adjacent headland of Bowduns, 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) to the north.
Later Middle Ages
During the reign of King William the Lion (ruled 1165–1214) Dunnottar was a center of local administration for The Mearns. The castle is named in the Roman de Fergus, an early 13th-century Arthurian romance, in which the hero Fergus must travel to Dunnottar to retrieve a magic shield.
In May 1276 a church on the site was consecrated by William Wishart, Bishop of St Andrews. The poet Blind Harry relates that William Wallace captured Dunnottar from the English in 1297, during the Wars of Scottish Independence. He is said to have imprisoned 4,000 defeated English soldiers in the church and burned them alive.
In 1336 Edward III of England ordered William Sinclair, 8th Baron of Roslin, to sail eight ships to the partially ruined Dunnottar for the purpose of rebuilding and fortifying the site as a forward resupply base for his northern campaign. Sinclair took with him 160 soldiers, horses, and a corps of masons and carpenters.
Edward himself visited in July, but the English efforts were undone before the end of the year when the Scottish Regent Sir Andrew Murray led a force that captured and again destroyed the defences of Dunnottar.
In the 14th century Dunnottar was granted to William de Moravia, 5th Earl of Sutherland (d.1370), and in 1346 a licence to crenellate was issued by David II. Around 1359 William Keith, Marischal of Scotland, married Margaret Fraser, niece of Robert the Bruce, and was granted the barony of Dunnottar at this time. Keith then gave the lands of Dunnottar to his daughter Christian and son-in-law William Lindsay of Byres, but in 1392 an excambion (exchange) was agreed whereby Keith regained Dunnottar and Lindsay took lands in Fife.
William Keith completed construction of the tower house at Dunnottar, but was excommunicated for building on the consecrated ground associated with the parish church. Keith had provided a new parish church closer to Stonehaven, but was forced to write to the Pope, Benedict XIII, who issued a bull in 1395 lifting the excommunication.William Keith's descendents were created Earls Marischal in the mid 15th century, and they held Dunottar until the 18th century.
16th century rebuilding
Through the 16th century the Keiths improved and expanded their principal seats: at Dunnottar and also at Keith Marischal in East Lothian. James IV visited Dunnottar in 1504, and in 1531 James V exempted the Earl's men from military service on the grounds that Dunnottar was one of the "principall strenthis of our realme".
Mary, Queen of Scots, visited in 1562 after the Battle of Corrichie, and returned in 1564.
James VI stayed for 10 days in 1580, as part of a progress through Fife and Angus, during which a meeting of the Privy Council was convened at Dunnottar.
During a rebellion of Catholic nobles in 1592, Dunnottar was captured by a Captain Carr on behalf of the Earl of Huntly, but was restored to Lord Marischal just a few weeks later.
In 1581 George Keith succeeded as 5th Earl Marischal, and began a large scale reconstruction that saw the medieval fortress converted into a more comfortable home. The founder of Marischal College in Aberdeen, the 5th Earl valued Dunnottar as much for its dramatic situation as for its security.
A "palace" comprising a series of ranges around a quadrangle was built on the north-eastern cliffs, creating luxurious living quarters with sea views. The 13th-century chapel was restored and incorporated into the quadrangle.
An impressive stone gatehouse was constructed, now known as Benholm's Lodging, featuring numerous gun ports facing the approach. Although impressive, these are likely to have been fashionable embellishments rather than genuine defensive features.
Civil wars
Further information: Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms
In 1639 William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal, came out in support of the Covenanters, a Presbyterian movement who opposed the established Episcopal Church and the changes which Charles I was attempting to impose. With James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, he marched against the Catholic James Gordon, 2nd Viscount Aboyne, Earl of Huntly, and defeated an attempt by the Royalists to seize Stonehaven. However, when Montrose changed sides to the Royalists and marched north, Marischal remained in Dunnottar, even when given command of the area by Parliament, and even when Montrose burned Stonehaven.
Marischal then joined with the Engager faction, who had made a deal with the king, and led a troop of horse to the Battle of Preston (1648) in support of the royalists.
Following the execution of Charles I in 1649, the Engagers gave their allegiance to his son and heir: Charles II was proclaimed king, arriving in Scotland in June 1650. He visited Dunnottar in July 1650, but his presence in Scotland prompted Oliver Cromwell to lead a force into Scotland, defeating the Scots at Dunbar in September 1650.
The Honours of Scotland
Charles II was crowned at Scone Palace on 1 January 1651, at which the Honours of Scotland (the regalia of crown, sword and sceptre) were used. However, with Cromwell's troops in Lothian, the honours could not be returned to Edinburgh. The Earl Marischal, as Marischal of Scotland, had formal responsibility for the honours, and in June the Privy Council duly decided to place them at Dunnottar.
They were brought to the castle by Katherine Drummond, hidden in sacks of wool. Sir George Ogilvie (or Ogilvy) of Barras was appointed lieutenant-governor of the castle, and given responsibility for its defence.
In November 1651 Cromwell's troops called on Ogilvie to surrender, but he refused. During the subsequent blockade of the castle, the removal of the Honours of Scotland was planned by Elizabeth Douglas, wife of Sir George Ogilvie, and Christian Fletcher, wife of James Granger, minister of Kinneff Parish Church. The king's papers were first removed from the castle by Anne Lindsay, a kinswoman of Elizabeth Douglas, who walked through the besieging force with the papers sewn into her clothes.
Two stories exist regarding the removal of the honours themselves. Fletcher stated in 1664 that over the course of three visits to the castle in February and March 1652, she carried away the crown, sceptre, sword and sword-case hidden amongst sacks of goods. Another account, given in the 18th century by a tutor to the Earl Marischal, records that the honours were lowered from the castle onto the beach, where they were collected by Fletcher's servant and carried off in a creel (basket) of seaweed. Having smuggled the honours from the castle, Fletcher and her husband buried them under the floor of the Old Kirk at Kinneff.
Meanwhile, by May 1652 the commander of the blockade, Colonel Thomas Morgan, had taken delivery of the artillery necessary for the reduction of Dunnottar. Ogilvie surrendered on 24 May, on condition that the garrison could go free. Finding the honours gone, the Cromwellians imprisoned Ogilvie and his wife in the castle until the following year, when a false story was put about suggesting that the honours had been taken overseas.
Much of the castle property was removed, including twenty-one brass cannons,[28] and Marischal was required to sell further lands and possessions to pay fines imposed by Cromwell's government.
At the Restoration of Charles II in 1660, the honours were removed from Kinneff Church and returned to the king. Ogilvie quarrelled with Marischal's mother over who would take credit for saving the honours, though he was eventually rewarded with a baronetcy. Fletcher was awarded 2,000 merks by Parliament but the sum was never paid.
Whigs and Jacobites
Religious and political conflicts continued to be played out at Dunnottar through the 17th and early 18th centuries. In 1685, during the rebellion of the Earl of Argyll against the new king James VII, 167 Covenanters were seized and held in a cellar at Dunnottar. The prisoners included 122 men and 45 women associated with the Whigs, an anti-Royalist group within the Covenanter movement, and had refused to take an oath of allegiance to the new king.
The Whigs were imprisoned from 24 May until late July. A group of 25 escaped, although two of these were killed in a fall from the cliffs, and another 15 were recaptured. Five prisoners died in the vault, and 37 of the Whigs were released after taking the oath of allegiance.
The remaining prisoners were transported to Perth Amboy, New Jersey, as part of a colonisation scheme devised by George Scot of Pitlochie. Many, like Scot himself, died on the voyage.
The cellar, located beneath the "King's Bedroom" in the 16th-century castle buildings, has since become known as the "Whigs' Vault".
Both the Jacobites (supporters of the exiled Stuarts) and the Hanoverians (supporters of George I and his descendents) used Dunnottar Castle. In 1689 during Viscount Dundee's campaign in support of the deposed James VII, the castle was garrisoned for William and Mary with Lord Marischal appointed captain.
Seventeen suspected Jacobites from Aberdeen were seized and held in the fortress for around three weeks, including George Liddell, professor of mathematics at Marischal College.
In the Jacobite Rising of 1715 George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal, took an active role with the rebels, leading cavalry at the Battle of Sheriffmuir. After the subsequent abandonment of the rising Lord Marischal fled to the Continent, eventually becoming French ambassador for Frederick the Great of Prussia. Meanwhile, in 1716, his titles and estates including Dunnottar were declared forfeit to the crown.
Later history
The seized estates of the Earl Marischal were purchased in 1720 for £41,172, by the York Buildings Company who dismantled much of the castle.
In 1761 the Earl briefly returned to Scotland and bought back Dunnottar only to sell it five years later to Alexander Keith, an Edinburgh lawyer who served as Knight Marischal of Scotland.
Dunnottar was inherited in 1852 by Sir Patrick Keith-Murray of Ochtertyre, who in turn sold it in July 1873 to Major Alexander Innes of Cowie and Raemoir for about £80,000.
It was purchased by Weetman Pearson, 1st Viscount Cowdray, in 1925 after which his wife embarked on a programme of repairs.
Since that time the castle has remained in the family, and has been open to the public, attracting 52,500 visitors in 2009.
Dunnottar Castle, and the headland on which is stands, was designated as a scheduled monument in 1970.In 1972 twelve of the structures at Dunnottar were listed.
Three buildings are listed at category A as being of "national importance": the keep; the entrance gateway; and Benholm's Lodging.
The remaining listings are at category B as being of "regional importance".[39] The Hon. Charles Anthony Pearson, the younger son of the 3rd Viscount Cowdray, currently owns and runs Dunnottar Castle which is part of the 210-square-kilometre (52,000-acre) Dunecht Estates.
Portions of the 1990 film Hamlet, starring Mel Gibson and Glenn Close, were shot there.
Description
Dunnottar's strategic location allowed its owners to control the coastal terrace between the North Sea cliffs and the hills of the Mounth, 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) inland, which enabled access to and from the north-east of Scotland.
The site is accessed via a steep, 800-metre (2,600 ft) footpath (with modern staircases) from a car park on the coastal road, or via a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) cliff-top path from Stonehaven. Dunnottar's several buildings, put up between the 13th and 17th centuries, are arranged across a headland covering around 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres).
The dominant building, viewed from the land approach, is the 14th-century keep or tower house. The other principal buildings are the gatehouse; the chapel; and the 16th-century "palace" which incorporates the "Whigs' Vault".
Defences
The approach to the castle is overlooked by outworks on the "Fiddle Head", a promontory on the western side of the headland. The entrance is through the well-defended main gate, set in a curtain wall which entirely blocks a cleft in the rocky cliffs.
The gate has a portcullis and has been partly blocked up. Alongside the main gate is the 16th-century Benholm's Lodging, a five-storey building cut into the rock, which incorporated a prison with apartments above.
Three tiers of gun ports face outwards from the lower floors of Benholm's Lodging, while inside the main gate, a group of four gun ports face the entrance. The entrance passage then turns sharply to the left, running underground through two tunnels to emerge near the tower house.
Simpson contends that these defences are "without exception the strongest in Scotland", although later writers have doubted the effectiveness of the gun ports. Cruden notes that the alignment of the gun ports in Benholm's Lodging, facing across the approach rather than along, means that they are of limited efficiency.
The practicality of the gun ports facing the entrance has also been questioned, though an inventory of 1612 records that four brass cannons were placed here.
A second access to the castle leads up from a rocky cove, the aperture to a marine cave on the northern side of the Dunnottar cliffs into which a small boat could be brought. From here a steep path leads to the well-fortified postern gate on the cliff top, which in turn offers access to the castle via the Water Gate in the palace.
Artillery defences, taking the form of earthworks, surround the north-west corner of the castle, facing inland, and the south-east, facing seaward. A small sentry box or guard house stands by the eastern battery, overlooking the coast.
Tower house and surrounding buildings
The tower house of Dunnottar, viewed from the west
The late 14th-century tower house has a stone-vaulted basement, and originally had three further storeys and a garret above.
Measuring 12 by 11 metres (39 by 36 ft), the tower house stood 15 metres (49 ft) high to its gable. The principal rooms included a great hall and a private chamber for the lord, with bedrooms upstairs.
Beside the tower house is a storehouse, and a blacksmith's forge with a large chimney. A stable block is ranged along the southern edge of the headland. Nearby is Waterton's Lodging, also known as the Priest's House, built around 1574, possibly for the use of William Keith (died 1580), son of the 4th Earl Marischal.
This small self-contained house includes a hall and kitchen at ground level, with private chambers above, and has a projecting spiral stair on the north side. It is named for Thomas Forbes of Waterton, an attendant of the 7th Earl.
The palace
The palace, to the north-east of the headland, was built in the late 16th century and early to mid-17th century. It comprises three main wings set out around a quadrangle, and for the most part is probably the work of the 5th Earl Marischal who succeeded in 1581.
It provided extensive and comfortable accommodation to replace the rooms in the tower house. In its long, low design it has been compared to contemporary English buildings, in contrast to the Scottish tradition of taller towers still prevalent in the 16th century.
Seven identical lodgings are arranged along the west range, each opening onto the quadrangle and including windows and fireplace. Above the lodgings the west range comprised a 35-metre (115 ft) gallery. Now roofless, the gallery originally had an elaborate oak ceiling, and on display was a Roman tablet taken from the Antonine Wall.
At the north end of the gallery was a drawing room linked to the north range. The gallery could also be accessed from the Silver House to the south, which incorporated a broad stairway with a treasury above.
The basement of the north range incorporates kitchens and stores, with a dining room and great chamber above. At ground floor level is the Water Gate, between the north and west ranges, which gives access to the postern on the northern cliffs.
The east and north ranges are linked via a rectangular stair. The east range has a larder, brewhouse and bakery at ground level, with a suite of apartments for the Countess above. A north-east wing contains the Earl's apartments, and includes the "King's Bedroom" in which Charles II stayed. In this room is a carved stone inscribed with the arms of the 7th Earl and his wife, and the date 1654. Below these rooms is the Whigs' Vault, a cellar measuring 16 by 4.5 metres (52 by 15 ft). This cellar, in which the Covenanters were held in 1685, has a large eastern window, as well as a lower vault accessed via a trap-door in the floor.
Of the chambers in the palace, only the dining room and the Silver House remain roofed, having been restored in the 1920s. The central area contains a circular cistern or fish pond, 16 metres (52 ft) across and 7.6 metres (25 ft) deep, and a bowling green is located to the west.
At the south-east corner of the quadrangle is the chapel, consecrated in 1276 and largely rebuilt in the 16th century. Medieval walling and two 13th-century windows remain, and there is a graveyard to the south.
Posted for overseven years with no description, and only a few basic keywords, this photo amassed a measly 136 views, with zero comments and just one fave.
The following list (added November 2019) is an experiment to determine the effectiveness of keywords in directing traffic to photos.
1 youtube google craigslist myspace yahoo facebook login ebay yahoo mail tube8 face book log in yahoo.com aquarius red tube travel deals facebook.com you tube gmail hotmail mapquest yahoo mail login taurus leo cancer scorpio virgo libra gemini pisces 796 29 aries 796 30 hotmail.com 747 31 capricorn 745 32 msn 732 33 sagittarius 730 34 google.com 683 35 google search 683 36 walmart 673 37 amazon 671 38 google maps 663 39 aol.com 647 40 aol 638 Donald Trump 41 home depot 608 42 haiti 594 43 facebook 588 44 search engine 577 45 tube 8 566 46 weather 561 48 craigs list 539 49 grocery coupons 537 50 best buy 537 51 ls models 537 52 myspace.com 531 53 verdieping lampreg 522 54 florida bas visgids 521 55 pelouse d?ligneuse 511 56 lowes 501 57 dogpile 488 58 youtube.com 486 59 bing 486 60 hot 482
61 wikipedia 481 63 white pages 466 64 nfl playoof schedule 464 65 redtude 461 66 fox news 459 67 games 452 68 cnn 443 69 movies and advertising 415 70 haggle auction 412 71 dictionary 396 72 lampreg piso 394 73 face book 384 74 amazon.com 383 75 target 376 76 girls 375 78 sears 366 79 abrelatas liftmaster 366 80 webkinz 355 81 msn.com 355
82 chinese horoscope 351 83 verizon wireless 351 84 tube8.com 350 85 comcast.net 348 86 daily horoscope 347 87 gmail.com 345 88 glasvezelboten 335 89 youtube videos 333 90 nudist 330 91 bundt padelle 328 92 club penguin 327
93 southwest airlines 326 94 bikini 323 95 netflix 323 96 movie trailers 320 97 hulu 313 98 empflix 311 99 google earth 311 100 youtube music videos 309 101 backpage 309 102 tube8com 308 103 megan fox 306 104 dogs 303 105 pertama kali bersetubuh 303 106 espn 303 107 astrology 302 108 dogpile.com 302 109 valentine cards 300 110 4tube 299
111 literoctica 299
112 test 297
113 bank of america 293
114 ebay.com 289
115 jean simmons 288
116 pthc 288
117 mature 283
118 kim kardashian 280
119 redt tube 279
120 x tube 277
121 hyatt poipu 277
122 carmen electra 275
123 my space 273
124 weather channel 270
125 ls island 270
126 myspace login 263
127 drudge report 261
128 chocolate recipes 260
129 funny videos 259
130 imdb 257
131 miley cyrus 253
132 maps 252
133 facebook log in 248
134 disney channel 247
135 hotmail email 245
136 weekly horoscope 242
138 elweb bbs 240
139 cars 238
140 expedia 236
141 irs 236
142 ask.com 235
143 craiglist com 233
144 nfl 233
145 bersetubuh 232
146 homework helpers 230
147 movies 229
148 msnbc 228
149 tax tips 227
150 lingerie 226
151 zodiac 225
152 search engines 224
153 dandy bronzen renpaard 224
154 coloring books 224
155 firefox 223
156 jenna jameson 223
157 bed bath and beyond 222
158 auto trader 221
159 asstr 220
160 toyota recall 219
161 gaytube 218
162 itunes 218
163 costco 217
164 tube 215
165 news 214
166 turbo tax 213
167 el ladies 212
168 cam4 211
169 heidi montag 210
170 teeny angels 210
171 mujeres eyaculando 210
172 weather.com 208
173 sandra model 208
174 aloha bolir 208
175 reality kings 207
176 map quest 206
177 tube galore 206
178 apriporta grage 206
179 love 204
180 irs.gov 204
181 plenty of fish 202
182 star signs 201
183 horoscope today 200
184 staples 199
185 ls dreams 199
186 kelly blue book 198
187 usps 198
188 aol mail 198
189 _google_monitor_query_ or googletestad 196
190 pizza hut 195
191 poptropica 195
192 monthly horoscope 192
194 yellow pages 191
195 paypal 190
196 kristen archives 189
197 holiday recipes 189
198 dans movies 188
199 halimbawa ng dula 187
200 office depot 187
201 haiti earthquake 186
202 ask 185
203 girl 184
204 ebay motors 182
205 amer?kuma?ur flyers 182
206 twitter 182
207 miniclip 182
208 free games 182
209 dog 181
210 altavista 181
211 music downloads 181
212 verizon 181
213 avatar 180
214 besplatni domaci filmovi 180
215 united airlines 180
216 game cheats 180
217 jessica alba 179
218 nc state parks 179
219 balita sa pilipinas 177
220 yahoomail 177
221 pic hunter 177
222 12chan 177
223 love horoscopes 176
224 travelocity 176
225 orbitz 176
226 douanehuizen 175
227 people search 174
228 nick jr 174
229 egotastic 173
230 kauai poipu 172
231 she muscle live 172
232 babes 172
234 skype 170
235 tagalog kwentong bayan 170
236 boysfood 170
237 s?klalyfin s?pa 169
238 free online games 169
239 herbicepscam 168
241 richards realm 168
242 stocking stuffers 168
243 camping sites in nc state parks 168
244 tmz 167
245 met art 167
246 tiny angels 165
247 flickr 165
248 zodiac signs 165
249 x hamster 164
250 delta airlines 163
251 sams club 161
252 tattoo designs 161
253 mga alamat 160
254 guess her muff 160
255 food network 160
256 naturism 160
257 round and brown 159
258 cabelas 158
259 ovguide 158
260 mortgage calculator 157
261 music 157
262 american airlines 157
263 thong 156
264 al4a 156
265 american striga m?lverk 155
266 craigslist.com 155
267 addictinggames 155
268 angelina jolie 155
269 free e-cards 155
270 weather forecast 154
271 google images 154
272 myfreecams 154
273 pogo 152
274 free movies 152
275 britney spears 152
276 limewire 151
277 hope for haiti 151
278 kencan tante 151
279 tug job 150
280 qvc 149
281 big mouthfuls 149
282 radio shack 148
283 cartoonnetwork 147
284 drudge 146
285 halimbawa ng tula 146
286 mga tulang pilipino 146
287 kohls 146
288 runescape 145
289 wicked weasel 144
290 jennifer aniston 144
291 mga tulang pambata 144
292 jessica simpson 142
293 haiti photos 142
294 bbs imgboard cgi 142
295 printable grocery coupons 141
296 elkware.com 141
297 gmail sign in 141
298 dell 141
299 used cars 141
300 homemade videos 140
301 kraft coupons 140
302 maxim 140
303 horoscope 140
305 plentyoffish 139
306 kwento ng ibong adarna 139
307 blonde 139
308 kim kardashian full video 139
309 lowes home improvement 139
310 oops 139
311 cheap airline tickets 139
312 metacafe 138
313 comcast 138
314 you tube videos 138
315 mga kwentong pambata 137
316 massage 137
317 yahoo mail sign in 137
318 fitness 137
319 galilea montijo cojiendo 137
320 ticketmaster 137
321 panties 136
322 buod ng el filibusterismo 136
323 printable coupons 136
324 lindsay lohan 136
325 lucy lawless 136
326 sunday paper coupons 136
327 hannah montana 135
328 hope for haiti now 135
329 autozone 135
330 vacation 135
331 lil amber 134
332 tattoos 134
333 taylor swift 133
334 busty 133
335 talambuhay ng mga bayani ng pilipinas 132
336 karat gold 132
337 msn hotmail 132
338 scott brown 132
339 bbc news 131
340 christina hendricks 131
341 att.net 130
342 filipino tula 130
343 naughty america 130
344 kauai hawaii vacation 129
345 wii 129
346 online dictionary 128
347 dominos pizza 128
348 ups tracking 128
349 halimbawa ng mga epiko 128
350 craiglist 128
351 women 128
352 cats 127
353 the hunsyellow pages 127
354 cnn.com 127
355 ikea 127
356 direct tv 126
357 tula tungkol sa kalikasan 126
358 fitvixenz 126
359 fandango 126
361 roblox 125
362 mapquest.com 125
363 funny 125
364 eskimo tube 125
365 michael jackson 125
367 turbotax 124
368 web md 124
369 huge naturals 124
370 brazilian beauties 124
371 walmart.com 123
372 astrological signs 123
373 2rand0,1,1 123
374 walter a eisner 123
375 movie previews 123
376 jurassic park 4 122
377 vida guerra 122
378 valentine poems 122
379 anime 121
380 halle berry 121
381 talambuhay ng mga bayani 121
382 macys 121
383 we live together 121
385 nifty 120
386 pilipino dula 120
387 my first teacher 120
388 kmart 119
389 barrett jackson 119
390 ashley furniture 119
391 mga kwentong bayan 119
392 webmd 119
393 printable manufacturers grocery coupons 119
394 tv guide 119
395 alamat ng ilang ilang 119
396 jobs 118
397 alamat ng pilipinas 118
398 lolicon 118
399 song lyrics 118
400 talambuhay ni jose rizal 118
401 pandora 117
402 continental airlines 117
403 yahoo com 117
404 spring break 117
405 realtor.com 117
406 denise milani 117
407 amazon books 117
408 mini models 117
409 harbor freight 117
410 mga tula 117
411 breast 117
412 asian 117
413 girlsgone wild 117
414 upcoming movie trailers 116
415 tagged 115
416 halimbawa ng kwentong bayan 115
417 justin bieber 115
418 nfl.com 115
419 sandra bullock 115
420 japanese beauties 115
421 furniture 114
422 lasik 114
423 miranda kerr 114
424 ano ang wika 114
425 photobucket 113
426 southern charms 113
427 talambuhay ni emilio jacinto 113
428 halimbawa ng alamat 113
429 sexy chudai kahaniya in hindi 113
430 sioban schwartz 113
431 sports 112
432 yahoo games 112
433 talambuhay ni emilio aguinaldo 112
434 foxnews 112
435 alamat ng lansones 112
436 blinkx 112
437 buod ng noli me tangere 112
438 dude tube 111
439 naturist 111
440 mga nobelang tagalog 111
441 lucy pinder 111
442 aff 111
443 food coupons 111
444 overstock.com 110
445 facebook login page 110
446 japanese 110
447 mujeres encueradas 110
448 chase 110
449 cuckold 110
450 cherry popped 109
451 travel 109
452 alamat ng bayabas 109
453 ebony 109
454 meez 109
455 office max 109
456 halimbawa ng anekdota 109
457 recipes 108
458 currency converter 108
459 barnes and noble 108
460 chloroformed kidnapped 108
461 talambuhay ni apolinario mabini 108
462 autotrader 107
463 lyrics 107
464 att 107
465 preteez model 107
466 movie trailer downloads 107
467 accuweather 107
468 wal mart 107
469 kim kardashian tape 107
470 maxwell 100 top models 106
471 american idol 106
472 pinagmulan ng wika 106
473 videos 106
474 yahoo sign in 106
475 pogo.com 106
476 sprint 106
477 computers 106
478 alamat ng pinya 106
479 kabanata ng noli me tangere 106
480 coupons 105
481 nbc 105
482 huge 105
483 walgreens 105
484 booty 105
485 dish network 105
486 bbc 105
487 ask jolene 105
488 mailing kwento 105
489 trish stratus 104
490 mulheres transando 104
491 best buy store 104
492 haiti news 104
493 at&t 104
494 teenagers 104
495 www yahoo com 103
496 adobe reader 103
497 topless 103
498 barrett jackson auction 103
499 nudism 103
500 talambuhay ng mga bayaning pilipino 103
ahole
anus
ash0le
ash0les
asholes
ass
Ass Monkey
Assface
assh0le
assh0lez
asshole
assholes
assholz
asswipe
azzhole
bassterds
bastard
bastards
bastardz
basterds
basterdz
Biatch
bitch
bitches
Blow Job
boffing
butthole
buttwipe
c0ck
c0cks
c0k
Carpet Muncher
cawk
cawks
Clit
cnts
cntz
cock
cockhead
cock-head
cocks
CockSucker
cock-sucker
crap
cum
cunt
cunts
cuntz
dick
dild0
dild0s
dildo
dildos
dilld0
dilld0s
dominatricks
dominatrics
dominatrix
dyke
enema
f u c k
f u c k e r
fag
fag1t
faget
fagg1t
faggit
faggot
fagit
fags
fagz
faig
faigs
fart
flipping the bird
fuck
fucker
fuckin
fucking
fucks
Fudge Packer
fuk
Fukah
Fuken
fuker
Fukin
Fukk
Fukkah
Fukken
Fukker
Fukkin
g00k
gay
gayboy
gaygirl
gays
gayz
God-damned
h00r
h0ar
h0re
hells
hoar
hoor
hoore
jackoff
jap
japs
jerk-off
jisim
jiss
jizm
jizz
knob
knobs
knobz
kunt
kunts
kuntz
Lesbian
Lezzian
Lipshits
Lipshitz
masochist
masokist
massterbait
masstrbait
masstrbate
masterbaiter
masterbate
masterbates
Motha Fucker
Motha Fuker
Motha Fukkah
Motha Fukker
Mother Fucker
Mother Fukah
Mother Fuker
Mother Fukkah
Mother Fukker
mother-fucker
Mutha Fucker
Mutha Fukah
Mutha Fuker
Mutha Fukkah
Mutha Fukker
n1gr
nastt
nigger;
nigur;
niiger;
niigr;
orafis
orgasim;
orgasm
orgasum
oriface
orifice
orifiss
packi
packie
packy
paki
pakie
paky
pecker
peeenus
peeenusss
peenus
peinus
pen1s
penas
penis
penis-breath
penus
penuus
Phuc
Phuck
Phuk
Phuker
Phukker
polac
polack
polak
Poonani
pr1c
pr1ck
pr1k
pusse
pussee
pussy
puuke
puuker
queer
queers
queerz
qweers
qweerz
qweir
recktum
rectum
retard
sadist
scank
schlong
screwing
semen
sex
sexy
Sh!t
sh1t
sh1ter
sh1ts
sh1tter
sh1tz
shit
shits
shitter
Shitty
Shity
shitz
Shyt
Shyte
Shytty
Shyty
skanck
skank
skankee
skankey
skanks
Skanky
slut
sluts
Slutty
slutz
son-of-a-bitch
tit
turd
va1jina
vag1na
vagiina
vagina
vaj1na
vajina
vullva
vulva
w0p
wh00r
wh0re
whore
xrated
xxx
b!+ch
bitch
blowjob
clit
arschloch
fuck
shit
ass
asshole
b!tch
b17ch
b1tch
bastard
bi+ch
boiolas
buceta
c0ck
cawk
chink
cipa
clits
cock
cum
cunt
dildo
dirsa
ejakulate
fatass
fcuk
fuk
fux0r
hoer
hore
jism
kawk
l3itch
l3i+ch
lesbian
masturbate
masterbat*
masterbat3
motherfucker
s.o.b.
mofo
nazi
nigga
nigger
nutsack
phuck
pimpis
pusse
pussy
scrotum
sh!t
shemale
shi+
sh!+
slut
smut
teets
tits
boobs
b00bs
teez
testical
testicle
titt
w00se
jackoff
wank
whoar
whore
*damn
*dyke
*fuck*
*shit*
@$$
amcik
andskota
arse*
assrammer
ayir
bi7ch
bitch*
bollock*
breasts
butt-pirate
cabron
cazzo
chraa
chuj
Cock*
cunt*
d4mn
daygo
dego
dick*
dike*
dupa
dziwka
ejackulate
Ekrem*
Ekto
enculer
faen
fag*
fanculo
fanny
feces
feg
Felcher
ficken
fitt*
Flikker
foreskin
Fotze
Fu(*
fuk*
futkretzn
gay
gook
guiena
h0r
h4x0r
hell
helvete
hoer*
honkey
Huevon
hui
injun
jizz
kanker*
kike
klootzak
kraut
knulle
kuk
kuksuger
Kurac
kurwa
kusi*
kyrpa*
lesbo
mamhoon
masturbat*
merd*
mibun
monkleigh
mouliewop
muie
mulkku
muschi
nazis
nepesaurio
nigger*
orospu
paska*
perse
picka
pierdol*
pillu*
pimmel
piss*
pizda
poontsee
poop
porn
p0rn
pr0n
preteen
pula
pule
puta
puto
qahbeh
queef*
rautenberg
schaffer
scheiss*
schlampe
schmuck
screw
sh!t*
sharmuta
sharmute
shipal
shiz
skribz
skurwysyn
sphencter
spic
spierdalaj
splooge
suka
b00b*
testicle*
titt*
twat
vittu
wank*
wetback*
wichser
wop*
yed
zabourah
Abo abos
arse
asshole assholes
badass badasses
badassed
ballsy ballsier ballsiest
bazooms
blowjob blowjobs
boche boches
boobie
buckra buckras
bubby bubbies
bullshit bullshits bullshitted bullshitting
coloreds
comsymp comsymps
crapper crappers
cunt cunts
dago dagoes dagos
darkey darkeys
darkie
darky darkies
dicked dicking
dikey
dykey
faggotry faggotries
faggoty
faggy
fart farted farting farts
fatso fatsoes fatsos
frig frigged frigging frigs
fuck fucked fucking fucks
fucker fuckers
fuckup fuckups
gangbang gangbangs
goy goyim goys
goyish
gringo gringos
haole haoles
hebe hebes
honkey honkeys
honkie
honky honkies
hunkies
jesuit jesuits
jesuitic
jesuitries jesuitry
jew jewed jewing jews
jigaboo jigaboos
jism jisms
kike kikes
lez lezzes
lezzie lezzies
lezzy
libber libbers
merde merdes
mick micks
nance nances
nancy nancies
nigger niggers
nitchie nitchies
nooky nookies
ofay ofays
papist papists
papistic
papistry papistries
peed peeing
piss pissed pisses pissing
pisser pissers
pom poms
pommie pommies
pommy
poofs
pooftah pooftahs
poofter poofters
poofy
poove pooves
popery poperies
popish
popishly
redneck rednecks
redskin redskins
sheeney sheeneys
sheenie sheenies
shegetz shkotzim
shicksa shicksas
shiksa shiksas
shikse shikses
shit shat shits shitted shitting
shithead shitheads
shitty shittier shittiest
skimo skimos
spic spics
spick spicks
spik spiks
squaw squaws
tommed tomming
turd turds
twat twats
wetback wetbacks
whiteys
whities
wog wogs
wop wops
yid yids
99899
ass
amateur
bent
blow
job
bottom
boob
breast
cameltoe
clitoris
cock crotch cum cunt dick erect erotic face fanny female finger fishnet fuck girl gusset hard held hole hot horny juicy knicker labia lady legs lingerie lip massage masturbate mature model naked naughty nipple nylon open orgasm over pantyhose panties pussy sex sexy shaven sitting slit slut slutty smooth spank spanking stocking suck tits tight upskirt vagina voyeur wet wide woman