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Phetchabun is one of the northern provinces ( Changwat ) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are Loei, Khon Kaen, Chaiyaphum, Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan, Phichit and Phitsanulok. Phetchabun is located in the lower northern region of Thailand, in the area between the northern and the central region. The province lies in the broad fertile river valley of the Pa Sak River, with mountains of the Phetchabun mountain range to the east and west. It is surrounded by places of interest, many well known national parks, beautiful waterfalls and great lakes. The province is subdivided in 11 districts ( Amphoe ). These are further subdivided into 117 sub districts ( Tambon ) and 1261 villages ( Muban ).
1. Mueang Phetchabun 2. Chon Daen 3. Lom Sak 4. Lom Kao 5. Wichian Buri 6. Si Thep 7. Nong Phai 8. Bueng Sam Phan 9. Nam Nao 10. Wang Pong 11. Khao Kho
Phetchabun was established by two kingdoms: the Sukhothai Kingdom, and the Ayutthaya Period of the King Narai. In the thesaphiban administrative reforms at the beginning of the 20th century, the province together with Lom Sak Province to the north formed the monthon Phetchabun. As it was the smallest monthon, it was also the first monthon to be dissolved in 1915, after being temporarily administered from Monthon Phitsanulok between 1903 and 1907. Lom Sak Province was abolished and merged into Phetchabun in 1932. During the period between 1968-1982 communist insurgents established bases in the mountains in the province. From hidden locations they fought occasional skirmishes against the Thai Army.
It is the mountains that draw tourists. The rolling peaks of Khao Thor, known as Little Switzerland, were once a battlefield against communist insurgents. Today, its beautiful scenery and cool weather attracts many visitors, to see the mountain-top army base turned into a museum, and enjoy trekking in the open zoo and non-hunting areas. The national parks of Phu Hin Rong Kla, with its stunning rock formations, and Nam Nao, whose forests are home to many large animals and birds, are now starting to attract more and more trekkers and eco tourists. Khao Kho The most engaging national park of Phetchabun Province is Khao Kho National Park, about one hour northwest of Phetchabun town. It was designated to be Little Switzerland from many visitors, because of beautiful scenery and cool weather like Switzerland. It was once a battle field against communist insurgents conducted their struggles against the authorities. Its charming scenery and great weather allure tourists to see the mountain – top, army base turned into a museum, a Chedi containing a holy relic and enjoy trekking in the open zoo and non – hunting areas.
Phetchabun may be reach by Road No.21 ( Kochasenee Rd.) from Saraburi and 370 kilometres from Bangkok.
How to get there
By Train
There is no railway system to Phetchabun
By Car
Road No.1 from capital city ( Bangkok ) to Saraburi province and then Road No.21 to Phetchabun road No.12 from Khon kaen ( central province of the northeastern region ) to Lom Sak and then Road 21. southward to Phetchabun.
By Bus.
Quite a lot of buses stop at this town on the way to Lom Sak. Here are some services you can find from Mo chit Terminal: www.transport.co.th 0 2936 2852-66
Phet Tour 0 2936 3230
Thin Siam Tour 0 2936 0500Buses are very frequent, like 2 or 3 within an hour. First Class service from Phet Tour cost 263 Baht and takes 4 hour+.
Wat Mahathat Phetchabun, Thailand. on Nikon Bamrung Road in town, houses several ancient Chedi's of Sukhothai style. Situated in Muang Phetchabun municipality. It seemed strange seeing this Temple as there is another Wat Mahathat I visited in Ayutthaya last year in 2010. However this Temple is totally different to that at Ayutthaya as you will see. Within the grounds is a school for the training of Buddhist Monks and many where around the day I visited this fine Temple. This monastery is an ancient temple which HRH Prince Damrong presumed that this monastery might be constructed during Sukhothai period. Wat Mahathat has the important objects of worship such as, Phum Khao Binth styled pagoda has been presumed that it might be constructed about B.E. 1926 ( 1383 ). This pagoda is a place that comprises Buddha's relics, Orrahan's ( saint ) ashes, and small images of Buddha in several styles. Two Buddha images of the U-Thong period whose laps are 36 inches wide. One is housed in the main chapel and the other is housed in the vihara of Wat Mahathat.
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The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
2017 Photograph, Wat Tham Khuha Sawan Phra Tham Chedi Si Trai Phum Interior, T.Khong Chiam, Khong Chiam, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, © 2019.
ภาพถ่าย ๒๕๖๐ วัดภ้ำคูหาสวรรค์ ด้านใน พระธรรมเจดีย์ศรีไตรภูมิ ต.โขงเจียม อ.โขงเจียม จ.อุบลราชธานี ประเทศไทย
Wat Tham Khuha Sawan, Tambon Khong Chiam, Khong Chiam District, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
วัดภ้ำคูหาสวรรค์ ต.โขงเจียม อ.โขงเจียม จ.อุบลราชธานี ประเทศไทย
Phetchabun is one of the northern provinces ( Changwat ) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are Loei, Khon Kaen, Chaiyaphum, Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan, Phichit and Phitsanulok. Phetchabun is located in the lower northern region of Thailand, in the area between the northern and the central region. The province lies in the broad fertile river valley of the Pa Sak River, with mountains of the Phetchabun mountain range to the east and west. It is surrounded by places of interest, many well known national parks, beautiful waterfalls and great lakes. The province is subdivided in 11 districts ( Amphoe ). These are further subdivided into 117 sub districts ( Tambon ) and 1261 villages ( Muban ).
1. Mueang Phetchabun 2. Chon Daen 3. Lom Sak 4. Lom Kao 5. Wichian Buri 6. Si Thep 7. Nong Phai 8. Bueng Sam Phan 9. Nam Nao 10. Wang Pong 11. Khao Kho
Phetchabun was established by two kingdoms: the Sukhothai Kingdom, and the Ayutthaya Period of the King Narai. In the thesaphiban administrative reforms at the beginning of the 20th century, the province together with Lom Sak Province to the north formed the monthon Phetchabun. As it was the smallest monthon, it was also the first monthon to be dissolved in 1915, after being temporarily administered from Monthon Phitsanulok between 1903 and 1907. Lom Sak Province was abolished and merged into Phetchabun in 1932. During the period between 1968-1982 communist insurgents established bases in the mountains in the province. From hidden locations they fought occasional skirmishes against the Thai Army.
It is the mountains that draw tourists. The rolling peaks of Khao Thor, known as Little Switzerland, were once a battlefield against communist insurgents. Today, its beautiful scenery and cool weather attracts many visitors, to see the mountain-top army base turned into a museum, and enjoy trekking in the open zoo and non-hunting areas. The national parks of Phu Hin Rong Kla, with its stunning rock formations, and Nam Nao, whose forests are home to many large animals and birds, are now starting to attract more and more trekkers and eco tourists. Khao Kho The most engaging national park of Phetchabun Province is Khao Kho National Park, about one hour northwest of Phetchabun town. It was designated to be Little Switzerland from many visitors, because of beautiful scenery and cool weather like Switzerland. It was once a battle field against communist insurgents conducted their struggles against the authorities. Its charming scenery and great weather allure tourists to see the mountain – top, army base turned into a museum, a Chedi containing a holy relic and enjoy trekking in the open zoo and non – hunting areas.
Phetchabun may be reach by Road No.21 ( Kochasenee Rd.) from Saraburi and 370 kilometres from Bangkok.
How to get there
By Train
There is no railway system to Phetchabun
By Car
Road No.1 from capital city ( Bangkok ) to Saraburi province and then Road No.21 to Phetchabun road No.12 from Khon kaen ( central province of the northeastern region ) to Lom Sak and then Road 21. southward to Phetchabun.
By Bus.
Quite a lot of buses stop at this town on the way to Lom Sak. Here are some services you can find from Mo chit Terminal: www.transport.co.th 0 2936 2852-66
Phet Tour 0 2936 3230
Thin Siam Tour 0 2936 0500Buses are very frequent, like 2 or 3 within an hour. First Class service from Phet Tour cost 263 Baht and takes 4 hour+.
Wat Mahathat Phetchabun, Thailand. on Nikon Bamrung Road in town, houses several ancient Chedi's of Sukhothai style. Situated in Muang Phetchabun municipality. It seemed strange seeing this Temple as there is another Wat Mahathat I visited in Ayutthaya last year in 2010. However this Temple is totally different to that at Ayutthaya as you will see. Within the grounds is a school for the training of Buddhist Monks and many where around the day I visited this fine Temple. This monastery is an ancient temple which HRH Prince Damrong presumed that this monastery might be constructed during Sukhothai period. Wat Mahathat has the important objects of worship such as, Phum Khao Binth styled pagoda has been presumed that it might be constructed about B.E. 1926 ( 1383 ). This pagoda is a place that comprises Buddha's relics, Orrahan's ( saint ) ashes, and small images of Buddha in several styles. Two Buddha images of the U-Thong period whose laps are 36 inches wide. One is housed in the main chapel and the other is housed in the vihara of Wat Mahathat.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
I'm away for 8 weeks (7 weeks remaining) teaching English in Central Thailand. Just a quick post to explain my absence. Picture uploaded from a rubbish old laptop so I hope it looks alright, the screen isn't quite up there with my Mac at home.
These girls are pupils at the school I am staying at, this was taken during a school assembly.
Takhli, Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand.
2007 Photograph, Wat Tham Khuha Sawan Phra Tham Chedi Si Trai Phum, T.Khong Chiam, Khong Chiam, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, © 2019.
ภาพถ่าย ๒๕๕๐ วัดภ้ำคูหาสวรรค์ พระธรรมเจดีย์ศรีไตรภูมิ ต.โขงเจียม อ.โขงเจียม จ.อุบลราชธานี ประเทศไทย
Wat Tham Khuha Sawan, Tambon Khong Chiam, Khong Chiam District, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
วัดภ้ำคูหาสวรรค์ ต.โขงเจียม อ.โขงเจียม จ.อุบลราชธานี ประเทศไทย
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
See the video here: zerodriftmedia.com/dji-phantom-3-pro-takhli-nakhon-sawan-...
description
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Black and White, enhanced using Nikon Capture NX Software. You can view the color version of a similar photo here farm3.static.flickr.com/2151/2430513798_3e642b855a_b.jpg
Sawan Panthaisong a food Vendor at Sukhumvit Soi 20, Bangkok. Thailand.
Photo: UN Women/Ploy Phutpheng
Polish postcard by Polonia, Kraków, no. 1403. Photo: Paramount-Film. Publicity still for Tajemnica Lekarza/The Doctor's Secret (Ryszard Ordynski, 1930).
Polish actor Zbigniew Sawan (1904–1984) starred both in silent and sound film, and was also a respected stage actor in his country. He also worked as a theatre director and manager.
Zbigniew or Zbyszko Sawan was born as Zbigniew Nowakowski in Voskresenovka, Russian Empire (now Russia) in 1904. He was the brother of the actress Jadwiga Boryta. After graduating from the Szkoły Dramatycznej (Drama School) in Warsaw, he made his stage debut at the Teatr im. Słowackiego w Krakowie. Slovak in Krakow. In 1928 he played the leading role in the Polish-Austrian historical drama Huragan/Hurricane (Joseph Lejtes, 1928). The following years he appeared in more silent Polish productions, including the romance Dzikuska/Savage (1928, Henryk Szaro), the drama Przedwiosnie/Early Spring (Henryk Szaro, 1928) and Policmajster Tagiejew/Police foreman Tagiejew (Juliusz Gardan, 1929). In these films the handsome actor often played jeune premier roles as the young student or the romantic painter. He was also credited as Zbyszko Sawan.
In 1930, after the introduction of the sound film, Paramount contracted Zbigniew Sawan to appear in their French studio in Joinville to star in the drama Tajemnica lekarza (Ryszard Ordynski, 1930). This was an alternate language version of their production The Doctor's Secret (William C. De Mille, 1929) starring Ruth Chatterton and John Loder. Other early sound films were the romantic thriller Serce na ulicy/Heart on the Street (Juliusz Gardan, 1931) with Nora Ney, Uwiedziona/Seduced (Michal Waszynski, 1931) starring Maria Malicka, and Palac na kólkach/Palace on wheels (Ryszard Ordynski, 1932) with Igo Sym. After an interval he starred in two more films in the late 1930s, Ostatnia brygada/Last brigade (Michal Waszynski, 1938) with Maria Gorczynska, and Czarne diamenty/Black Diamonds (Jerzy Gabryelski, 1939). Then World War II finished his film career. As most of the actors who boycotted German-controlled theatres during the war, he had to find another way to make a living. He rejected offers to start working for the pro-Nazi UFA. Blacklisted, he was taken hostage (along with other Polish artists) by the Gestapo in 1941 and as a result of German retaliatory action for the Polish resistance assassination of the Nazi spy Igo Sym, his co-star from Palac na kólkach (1932). Sawan ended up in the Auschwitz concentration camp, but happily he survived.
After the war Zbigniew Sawan started performing in Teatr Mały in Warsaw alongside his wife, the former film actress Lidia Wysocka, whom he had married in 1943. They later also performed together in Teatr Miniatura in Warsaw and Teatr Nowy. In 1947 they moved next to the Polish Theatre in Szczecin, where Sawan would take the manager seat. The couple returned to Warsaw in 1949 and started working in Teatr Ludowy: Sawan again as the manager, while his wife started directing plays. More than 20 years after his last film, he made a screen come-back in Odwiedziny prezydenta/Visit of a President (Jan Batory, 1961) with Beata Tyszkiewicz. He also appeared in Andrzej Wajda’s Popioly (1965) starring Daniel Olbrychski, and in Katastrofa/Catastrophe (Sylwester Checinski, 1966) as the father of Marta Lipinska. During the 1970s he played small parts in such films as Epilog norymberski (Jerzy Antczak, 1971), the war drama Akcja pod Arsenalem/Action at the Arsenal (Jan Lomnicki, 1978) and Aria dla atlety/Aria for an Athlete (Filip Bajon, 1979). His final film was the drama Klejnot wolnego sumienia/The Supreme Value of a Free Conscience (Grzegorz Królikiewicz, 1983). Later he only appeared as a priest in the Polish-British TV production Ceremonia pogrzebowa/Funeral Ceremony (Jacek Bromski, 1985). Zbigniew Sawan died in 1984 in Warszawa (Warsaw), Poland, at the age of 80. He was survived by his wife, Lidia Wysocka.
Sources: Film Polski (Polish), Wikipedia (English and Polish) and IMDb.
Phetchabun is one of the northern provinces ( Changwat ) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are Loei, Khon Kaen, Chaiyaphum, Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan, Phichit and Phitsanulok. Phetchabun is located in the lower northern region of Thailand, in the area between the northern and the central region. The province lies in the broad fertile river valley of the Pa Sak River, with mountains of the Phetchabun mountain range to the east and west. It is surrounded by places of interest, many well known national parks, beautiful waterfalls and great lakes. The province is subdivided in 11 districts ( Amphoe ). These are further subdivided into 117 sub districts ( Tambon ) and 1261 villages ( Muban ).
1. Mueang Phetchabun 2. Chon Daen 3. Lom Sak 4. Lom Kao 5. Wichian Buri 6. Si Thep 7. Nong Phai 8. Bueng Sam Phan 9. Nam Nao 10. Wang Pong 11. Khao Kho
Phetchabun was established by two kingdoms: the Sukhothai Kingdom, and the Ayutthaya Period of the King Narai. In the thesaphiban administrative reforms at the beginning of the 20th century, the province together with Lom Sak Province to the north formed the monthon Phetchabun. As it was the smallest monthon, it was also the first monthon to be dissolved in 1915, after being temporarily administered from Monthon Phitsanulok between 1903 and 1907. Lom Sak Province was abolished and merged into Phetchabun in 1932. During the period between 1968-1982 communist insurgents established bases in the mountains in the province. From hidden locations they fought occasional skirmishes against the Thai Army.
It is the mountains that draw tourists. The rolling peaks of Khao Thor, known as Little Switzerland, were once a battlefield against communist insurgents. Today, its beautiful scenery and cool weather attracts many visitors, to see the mountain-top army base turned into a museum, and enjoy trekking in the open zoo and non-hunting areas. The national parks of Phu Hin Rong Kla, with its stunning rock formations, and Nam Nao, whose forests are home to many large animals and birds, are now starting to attract more and more trekkers and eco tourists. Khao Kho The most engaging national park of Phetchabun Province is Khao Kho National Park, about one hour northwest of Phetchabun town. It was designated to be Little Switzerland from many visitors, because of beautiful scenery and cool weather like Switzerland. It was once a battle field against communist insurgents conducted their struggles against the authorities. Its charming scenery and great weather allure tourists to see the mountain – top, army base turned into a museum, a Chedi containing a holy relic and enjoy trekking in the open zoo and non – hunting areas.
Phetchabun may be reach by Road No.21 ( Kochasenee Rd.) from Saraburi and 370 kilometres from Bangkok.
How to get there
By Train
There is no railway system to Phetchabun
By Car
Road No.1 from capital city ( Bangkok ) to Saraburi province and then Road No.21 to Phetchabun road No.12 from Khon kaen ( central province of the northeastern region ) to Lom Sak and then Road 21. southward to Phetchabun.
By Bus.
Quite a lot of buses stop at this town on the way to Lom Sak. Here are some services you can find from Mo chit Terminal: www.transport.co.th 0 2936 2852-66
Phet Tour 0 2936 3230
Thin Siam Tour 0 2936 0500Buses are very frequent, like 2 or 3 within an hour. First Class service from Phet Tour cost 263 Baht and takes 4 hour+.
Wat Mahathat Phetchabun, Thailand. on Nikon Bamrung Road in town, houses several ancient Chedi's of Sukhothai style. Situated in Muang Phetchabun municipality. It seemed strange seeing this Temple as there is another Wat Mahathat I visited in Ayutthaya last year in 2010. However this Temple is totally different to that at Ayutthaya as you will see. Within the grounds is a school for the training of Buddhist Monks and many where around the day I visited this fine Temple. This monastery is an ancient temple which HRH Prince Damrong presumed that this monastery might be constructed during Sukhothai period. Wat Mahathat has the important objects of worship such as, Phum Khao Binth styled pagoda has been presumed that it might be constructed about B.E. 1926 ( 1383 ). This pagoda is a place that comprises Buddha's relics, Orrahan's ( saint ) ashes, and small images of Buddha in several styles. Two Buddha images of the U-Thong period whose laps are 36 inches wide. One is housed in the main chapel and the other is housed in the vihara of Wat Mahathat.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan ( also called Pak Nam Pho ) in Nakhon Sawan province. It then flows south for 372 kilometres ( 231 miles ) from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chainat, the river splits into the main course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres ( 22 miles ) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, many small canals ( khlong ) split off from the main river. The khlong are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The lower Chao Phraya has undergone several modifications through man-made efforts during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large meanders in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first River engineering of 3 km ( 2 miles ) long canal was built by the order of King Chairachathirat, and it was called khlong Lat or today known as Khlong Bangkok Noi. It claims to shortcut the route by 13-14 km, for the merchant ship travels from Gulf of Siam to its capital city - Ayutthaya.
In 1542, two kilometres long canal Khlong Lat Bangkok was completed or today called Khlong Bangkok Yai. It said to have shortened the river merchant route by 14 km ( 9 miles ).
In 1608, seven kilometres long Khlong Bang Phrao canal was completed and have shorten Chao Phraya original route by 18 km ( 11 miles ).
In 1636, Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi was completed.
In 1722, two kilometres long Khlong Lat Kret Noi had shortcut the Chao Phraya by 7 km ( 4 miles ). This route was from the island of Koh Kret. It's also one of the Bangkok Metropolitan attractions.
Cities along the Chao Phraya include Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chainat, Singburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Bangkok and Samut Prakan, listed from north to south. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand because of their access to the waterway, with Bangkok alone having a population of over 12 million.
The major bridges that cross the Chao Phraya are in the province of Bangkok: the Rama VI rail-road bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, part of the Industrial Ring Road. In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a vast network of river buses, cross-river ferries and water taxis, also known as long tails. More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River ( along with its principal confluent the Yom River ), the Ping River with its principal confluent the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries ( and the Chao Phraya itself ) is further tributed by additional minor tributaries often referred to as khwae. All the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak province.
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests eco region, an area about 400 km ( 249 miles ) north to south and 180 km ( 112 miles ) wide. The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like the massive Bangkok, and much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared including many fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental Darter, White-eyed River Martin ( Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) and the Sarus Crane[ and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan Rhinoceroses and the much-hunted Schomburgk's Deer. Today we can only estimate a description of the original habitat and wildlife by comparing with that of neighbouring countries and it is believed that it would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses and today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
The 8th annual Sawan Mela took place at Lumberman’s Arch in Vancouver Stanley Park on June 12-13, 2010. It’s a free-for-all outdoor family-oriented event organized by the South Asian Family Association (SAFA) that celebrates the South Asian culture and to promote harmony and understanding among different segments of the Canadian society. [Photo by Ray Van Eng]
VIDEO—Anita Lerche in Vancouver Downtown Bangra on May 07. 2010. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vt1TRz6sAmk