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This memorial was erected by the trustees of the Port of Bombay in the honor of the officers who sacrificed their life for their country in the great war 1914-1918.
The port of Bombay in the great war 1914-1918.
1,870,000 Troops and Personnel embarked and disembarked at the dock.
3046 Transports and 668 Hospital ships were dealt with at the docks.
The first transport left from Bombay on the 21st August 1914.
2075 Troop and Hospital trains were railed over the Port Trust Railway.
2,228,000 Tons of Military stores were shipped from the port.
494 Government ships used the port trust dry docks.
Polish postcard, no. 83. Photo: publicity still for Huragan/Hurricane (Joseph Lejtes, 1928). Collection: Joanna.
Polish actor Zbigniew Sawan (1904–1984) starred both in silent and sound film, and was also a respected stage actor in his country. He also worked as a theatre director and manager.
For more postcards, a bio and clips check out our blog European Film Star Postcards or follow us at Tumblr or Pinterest.
Aleksander Zelwerowicz (1877-1955) was a Polish actor, director, theatre president and a teacher. He received the Order of Polonia Restituta, one of Poland's highest Orders. He is also one of the Polish Righteous among the Nations, recognized by Yad Vashem as non-Jews who saved Jews from extermination during the Holocaust.
Aleksander Zelwerowicz was born in 1877 in Lublin, Russian Empire (now Lublin, Poland). In 1896, he made his stage debut in a production of William Shakespeare’s The Comedy of Errors. After a study year in Geneva in 1899, he joined the theater of Lodz. Then, he moved to the Municipal Theatre in Krakow, and during the period 1900-1908, he revealed a talent for comedy. He also started to direct plays, often comedies, in Warsaw, Riga and Prague. He probably made his film debut in the short romance Przesady (Józef Ostoja-Sulnicki, 1912) with Maria Duleba, followed by Obrona Częstochowy (Edward Puchalski, 1913), again starring Duleba and based on a novel by Henryk Sienkiewicz. Three years later, he appeared in Ochrana warszawska i jej tajemnice (1916). In 19328, he played the father of Sawan in the silent drama Huragan/Hurricane (Józef Lejtes, 1928). A year later, he had a supporting part in the crime thriller Mocny czlowiek (Henryk Szaro, 1929) with Gregori Chmara.
Aleksander Zelwerowicz appeared in the early sound films Księżna Łowicka/Countess of Lowicz (Mieczyslaw Krawicz, Janusz Warnecki, 1932) starring Jadwiga Smosarska, the romance Palac na kólkach (Ryszard Ordynski, 1932) with Igo Sym and Zbigniew Sawan, and Dzieje grzechu/Story of a Sin (Henryk Szaro, 1933). He also appeared in Aleksander Ford’s Przebudzenie/Awakening (1934) with Igo Sym. Later in the 1930s, he was seen in supporting parts in the melodramas Serce matki/Mother's Heart (Michał Waszyński, 1938) and Wrzos/The Heather (Juliusz Gardan, 1938), both starring Stanisława Angel-Engelówna. The following year, he played in Doktór Murek/Doctor Murek (Juliusz Gardan, 1939) and the romantic comedy Trzy serca/The Three Hearts (Michał Waszyński, 1939) starring Jerzy Pichelski. Zelwerowicz was a member of General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland. During World War II, he was active for the Konrad Żegota Committee. This was a codename for the Council to Aid Jews (Polish: Rada Pomocy Żydom), an underground organization of Polish resistance in German-occupied Poland active from 1942 to 1945. It is estimated that about half of the Jews who survived the Holocaust in Poland (thus over 50,000) were aided in some shape or form by Żegota. In 1955, Aleksander Zelwerowicz died in Warsaw. He was 77. His wife was director Christine Severin-Zelwerowicz. The Aleksander Zelwerowicz State Theatre Academy, the National Higher School of Theatre in Warsaw, is named after him since 1996.
Sources: Wikipedia (English and Polish), and IMDb.
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ARUNA NAGAR
BELA ROAD
BHAGIRATH PALACE
BOULWARD ROAD
CHAHAL PURI
CHANDGI RAM AKHARA
CHANDRAWAL ROAD
CHIRA KHANA
DARIBA KALAN
DARYA GANJ
DHARAM PURA
FAIZ BAZAR
FATEH PURI
H.C. SEN MARG
JAMA MASJID
KASHMERE GATE
KATRA NEEL CHANDNI CHOWK
KHYBER PASS
KINARI BAZAR
KUCHA CHELAN
KUCHA MAUTHER KHAN
LAL QUILA YAMUNA BRIDGE
MADARSHA ROAD
MALIWARA
MATIA MAHAL
MORI GATE
MOTIA BAGH
NAI BASTI NAYA BAZAR
NAI SARAK
NAWAB GANJ
NAYA BAZAR
NICLSON ROAD
OLD CHANDRAWAL
PHATAK RANG MAHAL
PULL MITHAI
RAJNIWAS MARG
RAJPUR ROAD
RAM KISHOR ROAD
S P MUKHERJEE MARG
SARAI PHOOSE
TIS HAZARI
UNDER HILL ROAD
VAID WARA
YAMUNA BAZAR
21MATIA MAHALAJMERI GATE
ASAF ALI ROAD
CHANDNI MAHAL
CHATTA LAL MIAN
CHAWRI BAZAR
CHHATTA LAL MIAN
CHITLI QABAR
CHURIWALAN
DDU MARG
DELHI GATE
G B PANT COMPLEX
GANJ MIR KHAN
HAUZ QAZI
JAMA MASJID
LAL KUAN
M A M C
MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH MARG
MAMC COMPLEX
MATA SUNDRI ROAD
MATIA MAHAL
MINTO ROAD
MIRDARD ROAD
PAHARI BHOJLA
RAKAB GANJ
RAUSE AVENUE
SITA RAM BAZAR
SUIWALAN
TAGORE ROAD
THOMSON ROAD
TIRAHA BEHRAM KHAN
TURKMAN GATE
22BALLIMARANAHATA KALE SAHIB
AHATA KIDARA
AHATA KIDARA DOUBLE STOREY QRS.
AHATA KIDARA SADARNALA ROAD
AHATAKALE SAHIB
AMARPURI
AMARPURI, NABI KARIM
BAGICHI ALLAUDDIN
BAGICHI RAGHUNATH
BAGICHI RAGHUNATH BASTI JULAHAN
BARA DARI SHER AFGAN
BARA HINDU RAO
BARADARI SHER AFGAN
BASTI BAGRIAN
BASTI HARPHOOL SINGH
BASTI JULAHAN
BAZAR BALLI MARAN
BAZAR CHANDNI CHOWK
BAZAR LAL KUAN
BAZAR LAL KUAN (NAYABANS)
BAZAR LAL KUAN AHATA KALE SAHIB
BAZAR LAL KUAN NAYA BANS FARASH KHANA
CHAMELIAN ROAD
CHAMELIAN ROAD AHATA KIDARA
CHAWRI BAZAR NAI SARAK
CHINYOT BASTI
DHARAM PURA
FAIZAL ROAD
FARASH KHANA
GALI SHYAMJI
HAVELI HISSAMUDDIN HAIDER
HOSHIAR SINGH MARG
IDGAH ROAD
IDGHA ROAD
JHANDEWALAN ROAD
JOGIWARA
KHARI BAOLI
KRISHNA BASTI
KRISHNA BASTI, AMARPURI
KUCHA REHMAN
KUCHA REHMAN CHANDNI CHOWK
KUCHA REHMAN NAI SARAK
KUNCHA PANDIT
LAXMAN PURA
MM ROAD
MOHALLA CHARAN DASS
MOHALLA CHARAN DASS GALI LOHE WALI
MOHALLA NIYARIYAN
MOHALLA SIKRIGRAN
MOHALLA YOGMAYA, BAGICHI, ALLAUDDIN
MOTIA KHAN
MOTIA KHAN AKHARA, JAIN MANDIRIDGAH ROAD
MULTANI DHANDA, PAHAR GANJ
NABI KARIM
NABI KARIM, QUTAB ROAD
NAI SARAK
NAI WARA
NAYA BANS
PAHARI DHIRAJ RANI JHANSI ROAD
PAHARIDHIRAJ
PREM NAGAR
QASAB PURA
QASAB PURA SADAR NALA ROAD
QASABPURA CHAMELIAN RD
QUTAB MARG, NABI KARIM
QUTAB MARG, NABI KARIM, HANUMAN MANDIR, BALLAH
QUTAB ROAD
RAILWAY AREA, RAM NAGAR
RAM NAGAR , QUTAB ROAD
RAM NAGAR AARAKASHAN ROAD
RANI JHANSI ROAD
RODGRAN
SADAR BAZAR
SADAR NALA ROAD
SADAR NALA ROAD GALI KHIRKI SARAI KHALIL
SADAR NALA ROAD GALI NO.11
SADAR NALA ROAD GHASMANDI
SADAR NALA ROAD QUTAB ROAD
SADAR THANA ROAD
SARAI KHALIL KUCHA LALLU MISSAR
SARDHA NAND MKT.
SHANKAR MARG
SHANKAR MARG, NABI KARIM
TEL MILL MARG
23KAROL BAGH (SC)RAMESHWARI NEHRU NAGAR
AHATA THAKAR DASS, NEAR SARAI ROHILLA RLWY STATION
AMBEDKAR BHAWAN
ARAM BAGH
ARYA NAGAR
BAGH RAOJI
BAPA NAGAR
BEADON PURA
CHANDIWALAN
CHUNA MANDI
DB GUPTA ROAD
DEV NAGAR
DORIWALAN
FAIZ ROAD
GAUSHALA BARADARI
GAUSHALA MARG
JHANDEWALAN
JOSHI ROAD
KASERUWALAN
KATRA GANGA BISHAN
KISHAN GANJ
KISHAN GANJ RAILWAY AREA
LADDU GHATI
MAIN BAZAR PAHAR GANJ
MANAK PURA
MANTOLA
MOHALLA BHAGRAOJI
MOTIA KHAN
MULTANI DHANDA
NAIWALA
NAIWALA, KAROL BAGH
NEW ROHTAK ROAD
RAIGAR PURA
RAILWAY COLONY BASANT ROAD
RAMJAS ROAD
REGAR PURA
SHIDHI PURA
SHORA KOTHI
SIDHIPURA
TIBBIA COLLEGE
24PATEL NAGARANAND PARBAT THAN SINGH NAGAR
BALJEET NAGAR
DMS PATEL NAGAR
DTC COLONY PATEL NAGAR
EAST PATEL NAGAR
MC PRY SCHOOL MOLAR BASTI
NEHRU NAGAR
NEW RANJIT NAGAR
NEW RANJIT NAGAR (DDA FLATS)
OLD RANJIT NAGAR
PARSAD NAGAR
PATEL NAGAR
PREM NAGAR
RANJEET NAGAR
SHADI KHAM PUR
SHADI KHAMPUR
SHADI PUR MOLAR BASTI
SHADIPUR MOLAR BASTI
SOUTH PATEL NAGAR
WEST PATEL NAGAR
25MOTI NAGARMOTI NAGAR
ASHOKA PARK EAST PUNJABI BAGH
BHAGWAN DASS NAGAR
EAST PUNJABI BAGH
EAST PUNJABI BAGH
JAIDEV PARK, BHAGWAN DASS NAGAR EXTN.
KARAMPURA
KIRTI NAGAR
KIRTI NAGAR (JAWAHAR CAMP)
KIRTI NAGAR , HARIJAN CAMP
KIRTI NAGAR CHUNA BHATTI INDL. AREA,
KIRTI NAGAR INDL. AREA
KIRTI NAGAR INDL. AREA (KAMLA NEHRU CAMP)
KIRTI NAGAR TIMBER MARKET
MADAN PARK
MANOHAR PARK EAST PUNJABI BAGH
MANSAROVER GARDEN
MOTI NAGAR
NAJAFGARH ROAD FACTORIES
NEW MOTI NAGAR
NEW MOTI NAGAR H-IL COLONY GURUNANAK COLONY
NEW MOTI NAGAR KARAM PURA MARKET
NEW MOTI NAGAR, FIRE STATION, . H-IL COLONY
RAILWAY COLONY EAST PUNJABI BAGH
RAJOURI GARDEN
RAJOURI GARDEN .BANK ENCLAVE
RAMA ROAD
RAMA ROAD ZAKHIRA
RAMESH NAGAR
RAMESH NAGAR (SHARDAPURI)
SARASWATI GARDEN
SHARDAPURI MANSAROVER GARDEN
SUDERSHAN PARK
T HUTS NEAR SOI STEEL INDUSTRY, RAMA ROAD
ZAKHIRA
ZAKHIRA (RAKHI MARKET)
ZAKHIRA AMAR PARK
ZAKHIRA DAYA BASTI RLY STATION
26MADIPUR (SC)BALI NAGAR
BASAI DARAPUR
MADIPUR
MADIPUR COLONY
MADIPUR JJ COLONY
MADIPUR VILLAGE
PASCHIM PURI
PUNJABI BAGH
PUNJABI BAGH EXTENSION
PUNJABI BAGH EXTN
RAGHUBIR NAGAR
RAJA GARDEN
RAJOURI GARDEN EXTN
SFS MADIPUR
SFS MADIPUR COMMUNITY CENTER
TAGORE GARDEN EXT.
VISHAL ENCLAVE
27RAJOURI GARDENCHAND NAGAR
CHAUKHANDI
GANGA RAM VATIKA
GURU GOVIND SINGH RAGHUBIR NAGAR
HMP RAGHUBIR NAGAR
HMP, RGB RAGHUBI NAGAR
J J COLONY CHAUKHANDI
J J COLONY KHYALA
KHYALA VILLAGE
MUKH RAM GARDEN
MUKH RAM GARDEN EXTN
MUKHARJI PARK
MUKHERJEE PARK EXTN
MUKHRA PARK EXTN
NARSING GARDEN
RAGHUBIR NAGAR
RAJOURI GARDEN
RAM NAGAR
RAVI NAGAR
RGB, RGA RAGHUBIR NAGAR
SANT NAGAR
SANT NAGAR EXTN
SHAM NAGAR EXTN.
SHAYAM NAGAR
SHYAM NAGAR
SHYAM NAGAR VISHNU GARDEN
TAGORE GARDEN
TAGORE GARDEN EXTN
TC CAMP RAGHUBIR NAGAR
TILAK NAGAR
TITAR PUR
TITAR PUR & TAGORE GARDEN
VISHNU GARDEN
28HARI NAGARASHA PARK
FATEH NAGAR
GOPAL NAGAR
HARI NAGAR
HARI NAGAR MAYA PURI
HARI NAGAR PRATAP NAGAR
JANAK PARK
JANAK PURI
JANAKPURI
LAJWANTI GARDEN
MAYA PURI
MAYAPURI, PH-II KHAZAN BASTI
MAYAPURI, PH-II, KHAZAN BASTI
MAYAPURI, PH-IIKHAZAN BASTI
MAYAPURIPH-II, KHAZAN BASTI
NANGAL RAYA
NANGAL RAYA VILLAGE
PARTAP NAGAR
SUBHASH NAGAR
TIHAR VILLAGE
VIKRANT ENCLAVE
29TILAK NAGARAJAY ENCLAVE, ASHOK NAGAR ASHOK NAGAR
ASHOK NAGAR
ASHOK NAGAR DOUBLE & SINGLE QUARTER
GANESH NAGAR
GURU NANAK NAGAR
HARIJAN COLONY DOUBLE STOREY
INDRA CAMP NO4 VIKAS PURI
JANTA FLAT KG-3 VIKAS PURI
JANTA FLATS SITE I & BLOCK A VIKAS PURI
JANTA FLATS SITE-1 VIKAS PURI
KESHOPUR TANK
KESHOPUR VILLAGE
KRISHNA PARK
KRISHNA PARK EXTN
KRISHNA PURI
LIG FLAT KG-2 VIKAS PURI
M.B.S. NAGAR SATN GARH
MEENAKSHI GARDEN TILAK NAGAR POLICE STATION
NEW KRISHNA PARK AND P M SOCIETY FLATS
NEW MAHAVIR NAGAR
NEW MAHAVIR NAGAR DELHI ADM QTR
NEW MAHAVIR NAGAR KRISHNA PARK GALI NO 16, 17, 13, 14
NEW MAHAVIR NAGAR L BLOCK GALI NO 21, 22, 18, 19, 20
NEW MAHAVIR NAGAR L-2 BLOCK
NEW SHAHPURA M.B.S. NAGAR
OLD MAHAVIR NAAR S-4
OLD MAHAVIR NAGAR
POLICE COLONY QUARTERS VIKAS PURI
PRITHVI PARK
RAVI NAGAR EXTN
RESETTLEMENT COLONY BLOCK B KHYALA
RESETTLEMENT COLONY KHYALA
SANT GARH
SHANKAR GARDEN A& B BLOCK VIKAS PURI KRISHNA PARK
SHANKAR GARDEN T-HUT VIKAS PURI
TILAK NAGAR
TILAK VIHAR
VIKAS KUNJ VIKAS PURI
VIKAS KUNJ VIKAS PURI
VIKAS PURI
VIKAS PURI BLOCK A
VIKAS PURI EXT
VISHNU GARDEN
VISHNU GARDEN EXT
30JANAK PURICHANAKYA PLACE
CHANAKYA PLACE PART-I
CHANAKYA PLACE PART-II
DAYAL SIR COLONY UTTAM NAGAR
EAST UTTAM NAGAR
HARI NAGAR
INDIRA PARK
INDIRA PARK EXT & RAM DATT ENCLAVE
JANAK PURI
JANAKPURI
JEEWAN PARK
MAHAVIR ENCLAVE Par2 & PART-III
MAHAVIR ENCLAVE PART-2
MAHAVIR ENCLAVE PART-3
MAHAVIR ENCLAVE PART-II
MAHAVIR ENCLAVE PART-III
MAHINDRA PARK
OLD SITA PURI
PREM NAGAR UTTAM NAGAR
SHIV NAGAR
SITA PURI
SITA PURI EXT
SITA PURI PART-I
SITA PURI PART-I & HARIJAN BASTI SITA PURI
SITA PURI PART-II
TIHAR JAIL
UTTAM NAGAR
VARINDER NAGAR
31VIKASPURIA-1 BLOCK HASTSAL ROAD, UTTAM NAGAR
A-1 BLOCK MARKET HASTSAL ROAD, UTTAM NAGAR
A-1 BLOCK, OM VIHAR PH-V
A-2 & B-2 BLOCK HASTSAL VIHAR
A-2 BLOCK HASTSAL ROAD, UTTAM NAGAR
A-BLOCK HASTSAL ROAD, UTTAM NAGAR
A-BLOCK HASTSAL VIHAR
A-BLOCK VIKAS NAGAR EXTN.
A-BLOCK, J.J.COLONY, HASTSAL
A-BLOCK, J.J.COLONY, SHIV VIHAR
A-BLOCK, VIKAS NAGAR
AG-1, VIKAS PURI
AMAR SINGH PARK, BAPROLA
AMBEDKAR PLACE, BAPROLA
ANAND KUNJ, KG-1, VIKAS PURI
ARUNODAYA & MINOCHA APTTS., VIKAS PURI
B & C-BLOCK VIKAS NAGAR EXTN.
BAKARWALA VILLAGE, BAKKARWALA
BAPROLA VIHAR, BAPROLA
BAPROLA VILLAGE
B-BLOCK, HASTSAL VIHAR
B-BLOCK, J.J.COLONY, HASTSAL
B-BLOCK, J.J.COLONY, SHIV VIHAR
B-BLOCK, VIKAS NAGAR
BLOCK-A, VIKAS NAGAR PH-1
BLOCK-B, VIKAS NAGAR PH-II & III
BRAHMPURI, RANHOLA
C, D, E & F BLOCK, VIKAS NAGAR
C-BLOCK VIKAS PURI
C-BLOCK, J.J.COLONY, HASTSAL
C-BLOCK, J.J.COLONY, SHIV VIHAR
CHANCHAL PARK BAKKARWALA
D & E BLOCK, VIKAS NAGAR
D-1 BLOCK, OM VIHAR PH-V
D-2 BLOCK, OM VIHAR PH-V
DALL MILL ROAD, UTTAM NAGAR
DASS GARDEN, BAPROLA
D-BLOCK, HASTSAL VIHAR
D-BLOCK, J.J.COLONY, SHIV VIHAR
D-BLOCK, OM VIHAR PH-V
DEEP ENCLAVE, VIKAS NAGAR
DEEP VIHAR, VIKAS NAGAR
DEEPAK VIHAR, VIKAS NAGAR
DEFENCE ENCLAVE, MOHAN GARDEN
DG-1, VIKAS PURI
DG-II, VIKAS PURI
DG-III & CHARAK SADAN, VIKAS PURI
DG-III, VIKAS PURI
E & E1 BLOCK, OM VIHAR PH-V
E & G-BLOCK, HASTSAL VIHAR
E-BLOCK, J.J.COLONY, SHIV VIHAR
E-BLOCK, OM VIHAR PH-V
E-BLOCK, OM VIHAR PH-V & ROOP VIHAR
F-BLOCK, HASTSAL VIHAR
F-BLOCK, VIKAS PURI
FG-1, AIRPORT, OXFORD SR. SEC. SCHOOL APTTS., VIKAS PURI
G-1 BLOCK GOVERDHAN PARK, UTTAM NAGAR
GUPTA ENCLAVE, VIKAS NAGAR
GURDAYAL VIHAR BAKKARWALA
HASTSAL ROAD, UTTAM NAGAR
HASTSAL VILLAGE
HEMANT ENCLAVE & TILAK ENCLAVE, MOHAN GARDEN
INDIRA CAMP NO.3, VIKAS PURI
INDIRA CAMP NO.5, VIKAS PURI
J J COLONY, BAKKARWALA
JAI VIHAR (HARPHOOL VIHAR), BAPROLA
JAI VIHAR BAPROLA
JAI VIHAR EXTN. BAPROLA
JANTA FLATS, HASTSAL
JANTA FLATS, SITE-3, VIKAS PURI
JHUGGI, KALI BASTI, HASTSAL
K-5 EXTN. MOHAN GARDEN
K-6 & K-5 EXTN., MOHAN GARDEN
KALI BASTI, T-CAMP, HASTSAL
KANGRA NIKETAN, VIKAS PURI
KG-1 VIKAS PURI
KG-1, MG-1, VIKAS PURI
KRISHI APPTT., VIKAS PURI
KUNWAR SINGH NAGAR, RANHOLA
LIG FLATS, HASTSAL
LIONS ENCLAVE, VIKAS NAGAR
M, M EXTN. & A-BLOCK VIKAS NAGAR
MAHARANI ENCLAVE, VIKAS NAGAR
MAHENDRA, GULMOHAR, SHIVAM
MAHESH VIHAR, OM VIHAR
M-BLOCK, VIKAS PURI
MEHTA ENCLAVE, RAJHANS VIHAR, BHIM ENCLAVE, VIKAS NAGAR
NANGLI VIHAR EXTN. BAPROLA
NEW SAINIK VIHAR MOHAN GARDEN
NIGHTINGALE, EVERSHINE, VIASHALI
OM VIHAR, PH-V
PARMARTH APTT., RAKSHA VIKAS, LOKVIHAR
POONAM VIHAR, PANCHSHEEL ENCLAVE, MOHAN GARDEN
PRASHANT ENCLAVE, BAPROLA
PRESS ENCLAVE, VIKAS NAGAR
PRIYA SADAN & RAVI APTTS., VIKAS PURI
PROMISE & PANCHWATI SOCIETY, VIKAS PURI
PURTI, ORDINANCE & NAVYUG APTTS., VIKAS PURI
R-4 & 5 BLOCK, MOHAN GARDEN
RAJAN VIHAR, VIKAS NAGAR
RAKSHA ENCLAVE, MOHAN GARDEN
RANHOLA VILLAGE
R-BLOCK, VIKAS NAGAR
RISHAL GARDEN, RANHOLA
SAI ENCLAVE, MOHAN GARDEN
SAINIK ENCLAVE MOHAN GARDEN
SAINIK ENCLAVE, MOHAN GARDEN
SAINIK ENCLAVE, VIKAS NAGAR
SAINIK ENCLAVE, KUMHAAR COLONY
SAINIK VIHAR, MOHAN GARDEN
SAMAJ KALYAN, MAYA APTTS., VIKAS PURI
S-BLOCK, VIKAS NAGAR
SETHI ENCLAVE, MOHAN GARDEN
SHIV RAM PARK EXTN. RANHOLA
SHIV VIHAR, RANHOLA
SITE-II & C-BLOCK, VIKAS PURI
SITE-IV, GANGOTRI APTTS, VIKAS PURI
SUNRISE, JUPITAR & NALNANDA
SURAKSHA VIHAR, VIKAS NAGAR
SURAKSHA, ENCLAVE
SURYA KIRAN, ARJUN GEVA & PANCHDEEP APTTS., VIKAS PURI
TILAK ENCLAVE, GANGA VIHAR, MOHAN GARDEN
TILANG PUR KOTLA, VIHAR
TILANGPUR KOTLA VILLAGE
TYAGI ENCLAVE, MOHAN GARDEN
VIDYA VIHAR, HASTSAL
VIKAS ENCLAVE, VIKAS NAGAR
VIKAS KUNJ, VIKAS NAGAR
VIKAS VIHAR, VIKAS NAGAR
VILLAGE BUDHELA
YADAV ENCLAVE, VIKAS NAGAR
32UTTAM NAGARVIPIN GARDEN
ANAND VIHAR
ANOOP NAGAR
BHAGWATI GARDEN
BHAGWATI VIHAR
BINDA PUR
BINDAPUR
GEETA ENCLAVE
GULAB BAGH
INDRA PARK
JANAKI PURI
KESHO RAM PARK
KIRAN GARDEN
MOHAN GARDEN
NAND RAM PARK
NAWADA
NEW JANAKI PURI
OM VIHAR
PRATAP GARDEN
RAMA PARK
ROHTASH NAGAR
SANJAY ENCLAVE
SANTOSH PARK
SEWAK PARK
SUBHASH PARK
UTTAM NAGAR
UTTAM VIHAR
VANI VIHAR
VIJAY VIHAR
VIKAS VIHAR
VIPIN GARDEN
VISHU VIHAR
33DWARKABRAHMPURI , PANKHA ROAD
DABRI EXT.
DABRI VAISHALI
DABRI VILLAGE
DABRI VILLAVE
DASHRATH PURI
DDA POCKET-6, NASIR PUR
DURGA PARK
EAST SAGAR PUR
EAST SAGAR PUR BASTI
EAST SAGAR PUR HARIJAN BASTI
G BLOCK, SAGARPUR WEST
GANDHI MARKET, WEST SAGARPUR
GEETANJALI PARK, WEST SAGARPUR
H BLOCK, WEST SAGARPUR
HARIJAN BASTI, WEST SAGARPUR
I BLOCK, WEST SAGARPUR
INDRAPARK, PALAM COLONY
J BLOCK, SAGARPUR WEST
JAGDAMBA VIHAR , WEST SAGARPUR
KAILASH PURI EXTENSION
KAMAL PARK, PALAM
M BLOCK, WEST SAGARPUR
MADAN PURI, WEST SAGARPUR
MAHAVIR ENCLAVE
MAHAVIR ENCLAVE-I
MAIN SAGAR PUR
MAIN SAGAR PUR, GALI NO. 7
MANGALA PURI
MOHAN BLOCK, WEST SAGARPUR
NASIR PUR VILLAGE
NASIR PUR VILLAGE, HARIZAN BASTI
PANKHA ROAD MOHAN NAGAR
PANKHA ROAD VASIST PARK
PANKHA ROAD, VASIST PARK
RAGHU NAGAR
SAGARPUR WEST, DAYAL PARK
SAGARPUR WEST, HANSA PARK
SAGARPUR, SHIV PURI
SANKAR PARK, WEST SAGARPUR
SYNDICATE ENCLAVE
VEER NAGAR, SHANKER PARK
VEER NAGAR, WEST SAGARPUR
WEST SAGARPUR, ASHOK PARK
34MATIALAA BLOCK BHARAT VIHAR KAKRAULA
A BLOCK TARA NAGAR, KAKRAULA VILLAGE
AMBER HAI VILLAGE
ARJUN PARK A BLOCK
ARJUN PARK B BLOCK
ARJUN PARK C BLOCK
ARJUN PARK D BLOCK
BADU SARAI
BAJAJ ENCLAVE EXTN.
BHARAT VIHAR KAKRAULA
CHHAWLA
D BLOCK BHARAT VIHAR KAKRAULA
DARIYA PUR KHURD
DAULATPUR VILLAGE
DEENDARPUR SHYAM VIHAR
DINDARPUR
DINDARPUR VILLAGE SHYAM VIHAR
DWARKA SECTOR 12
DWARKA SECTOR 14
DWARKA SECTOR 11 & 12
DWARKA SECTOR 13
DWARKA SECTOR 13 & 14
DWARKA SECTOR 13 & SFS FLATS
DWARKA SECTOR 13 & 14
DWARKA SECTOR 13& 14
DWARKA SECTOR 16A J J COLONY
DWARKA SECTOR- 18A & 17
DWARKA SECTOR 22 & 23
DWARKA SECTOR 3 J J COLONY
DWARKA SECTOR-10
DWARKA SECTOR-11
DWARKA SECTOR-11& 12
DWARKA SECTOR-16A J J COLONY
DWARKA SECTOR-17, 18A & 19
DWARKA SECTOR-17, 18A & 19
DWARKA SECTOR-19
DWARKA SECTOR-22 & 23
DWARKA SECTOR-3
DWARKA SECTOR-3 DDA PKT
DWARKA SECTOR-4
DWARKA SECTOR-5
DWARKA SECTOR-6
DWRKA SECTOR-10
GALIBPUR VILLAGE
GHASIPURA
GHASIPURA ISHWAR COLONY
GHASIPURA NANGLI DAIRY
GHASIPURA NANGLI VIHAR
GHUMAN HERA VILLAGE
GOYLA DAIRY JHUGGI BASTI
GOYLA KHURD VILLAGE
HARI VIHAR KAKRAULA
HASANPUR VILLAGE
JAIN COLONY PART-I
JAIN COLONY PART-II& III
JAIN PARK A BLOCK
JAIN PARK B, C& D BLOCK
JHATIKRA VILLAGE
JHULJHULI VILLAGE
KAKRAULA VILLAGE
KANGANHERI
KHARKHARI (NAHAR)
KHARKHARI JATMAL
KHARKHARI RAUNDH VILLAGE
KHERA DABUR
MANSA RAM PARK
MANSA RAM PARK B BLOCK
MANSA RAM PARK B& C BLOCK
MANSA RAM PARK E BLOCK
MATIALA VILLAGE
MATIALA VILLAGE NANHE PARK
NANAKHERI
NAND VIHAR KAKRAULA DAIRY
NANGLI SAKRAWATI
NANGLI SAKRAWATI ANAND VIHAR
NANHE PARK NEW T BLOCK
OM VIHAR EXTENSION
OM VIHAR EXTENSION KHUSHI RAM PARK
PANDWALA KALAN VILLAGE
PANDWALA KHURD VILLAGE
PAPRAWAT VILLAGE
PATEL GARDEN
POCHAN PUR VILLAGE
POCHAN PUR VILLAGE EXTN.
QUTUB VIHAR C, D & H BLOCK
QUTUB VIHAR PH-1 A& B BLOCK
QUTUB VIHAR PHASE-2 A& B BLOCK
QUTUB VIHAR PHASE-2 C& D BLOCK
QUTUB VIHAR PHASE-2 E BLOCK
QUTUB VIHAR PHASE-2 F BLOCK
RANAJI ENCLAVE PART-1
RANAJI ENCLAVE PART-2
RANAJI ENCLAVE PART-3
RAWTA VILLAGE
RAWTA VILLAGE/DAURALA VILLAGE
REWLA KHANPUR VILLAGE
SAHYOG VIHAR (MATIALA)
SAINIK NAGAR
SARANGPUR
SECTOR -15 POCKET A BHARAT VIHAR
SECTOR 15 POCKET A J J COLONY BHARAT VIHAR
SECTOR 15 POCKET B J J COLONY BHARAT VIHAR
SHIKARPUR VILLAGE
SRI CHAND PARK MATIALA VILLAGE
SUKHI RAM PARK, GURU HAR KISHAN NAGAR
TAJPUR KHURD VILLAGE
VIKAS VIHAR KAKRAULA
VISHWAS PARK SOLANKI ROAD & SHIKSHA DEEP PUBLIC SCHOOL
35NAJAFGARHBABA HARIDASS ENCLAVE
BAKARGARH
BOSCO COLONY GOPAL NAGAR
CHANDAN PLACE, SARSWATI KUNJ
DHANSA
DHARAMPURA
DHARAMPURA EXTN.
DHARAMSHALA AREA GOPAL NAGAR
DICHAON KALAN
GOPAL NAGAR
GOPAL NAGAR EXTN.
GULIA ENCLAVE, RAJEEV VIHAR
HAIBATPURA
HANUMAN MANDIR GOPAL NAGAR
HEERA PARK
INDRA PARK
ISSAPUR
JAFFARPUR KALAN
JAI VIHAR
JHARODA KALAN
KAIR
KAZI PUR
KHAIRA
LAXMI GARDENROSHAN MANDI
LOKESH PARK
MAIN NAJAFGARH
MAKSOODABAD COLONY
MALIK PUR
MD ROAD GOPAL NAGAR
MITRAON
MUNDELA KALAN
MUNDELA KHURD
NANAK PIYAOO GOPAL NAGAR
NANDA ENCLAVE
NAVEEN PLACE, SURYA KUNJ
NAWADA BAZAR
NAYA BAZAR
NEW HEERA PARK, NAJAFGARH PARK COLONY
NEW ROSHANPURA
NEW ROSHANPURA EXTN.
NEW ROSHANPURA VILLAGE
OLD ROSHANPURA
POLICE STATION TRANSFORMER
PREM NAGAR
RAIL FACTORY ROAD GOPAL NAGAR
RGHUBIR ENCLAVE, BLOCK - B C-HEERA PARK
ROSHAN GARDEN
ROSHAN VIHAR
SAINIK ENCLAVE
SAINIK ENCLAVE NEAR INDRA PARK
SAMASPUR KHALSA
SARASWATI ENCLAVE
SHIV ENCLAVE
SURAKHPUR
SUREHRA
THANA ROAD
TODARMAL COLONY
UGAR SEN PARK
UJWA VILLAGE
VINOBA ENCLAVE
36BIJWASANBagdola
Bamnoli
Bharthal
Bijwasan
Dhool Siras
DWARKA
Kapashera
Mahipal Pur
RAJ NAGAR-II
Rangpuri
RANGPURI PAHARI
Samalka
Shahbad Mohammad Pur
Vasant Kunj
37PALAMBHARAT VIHAR/ RAJA PURI C, BLOCK
BHARAT VIHAR/ RAJA PURI , B BLOCK
BHARAT VIHAR/ RAJA PURI A, BLOCK
DWARKA J J COLONY SECTOR -7
DWARKA PURI
DWARKA PURI/VIJAY ENCLAVE
DWARKA SECTOR-1 JJ COLONY A& B BLOCK
DWARKA SECTOR-1 JJ COLONY C BLOCK
DWARKA SECTOR-2
DWRKA SECTOR-7
EAST RAJAPURI B2 & T BLOCK
HARIJAN BASTI/ PALAM EXTN.
INDRA PARK
INDRAPARK, PALAM COLONY
KAILAS PURI
KAILASH PURI
MADHU VIHAR
MADHU VIHAR (A-BLOCK)
MADHU VIHAR(A1-BLOCK)
MAHAVIR ENCLAVE-I
MAHAVIR VIHAR A BLOCK
MAHAVIR VIHAR B & RZ BLOCK
MAHAVIR VIHAR C BLOCK
MAHAVIR VIHAR D BLOCK
OLD RAJAPURI & RAJAPURI A & A1 BLOCK
PALAM VILLAGE
PALAM VILLAGE BALMIKI VIHAR
PALAM VILLAGE, DDA LIG FLATS
PURAN NAGAR
PURAN NAGAR PALAM
RAJ NAGAR-I (PALAM)
RAJA PURI
RAJA PURI K , BLOCK
RAJA PURI K1, BLOCK
RAJA PURI B BLOCK
RAJA PURI B, D, D1 BLOCK
RAJA PURI B1 & C1 BLOCK
RAJA PURI G BLOCK
RAJA PURI H & H1 BLOCK
RAJA PURI J, I BLOCK
RAJAPURI E & F BLOCK
SADH NAGAR
SADH NAGAR, PALAM COLONY
SADH NAGAR-II
SEC-1 PAPPANKALAN DWARKA
TAMIL ENCLAVE
VIJAY ENCLAVE
VINOD PURI/VIJAY ENCLAVE
VISHWAS PARK B, Block
VISHWAS PARK A , Block
VISHWAS PARK EXTN F-BLOCK
VISHWAS PARK EXTN E -BLOCK
VISHWAS PARK EXTN G BLOCK
VISHWAS PARK RZ & T BLOCK
VISHWAS PARK T EXTN BLOCK
VISHWAS PARK(C, D BLOCK)
38DELHI CANTTARJUN VIHAR
BAPU DHAM
BAPU DHAM CHANAKYA PURI
BRAR SQUARE
CB NARAINA
CHANAKYA PURI
COD ME LINE KIRBY PLACE
CVD LINE SADAR BAZAR
DHAULA KUAN
DHOBI GHAT KIRBY PLACE
GOPI NATH BAZAR
GOPINATH BAZAR
JHARERA VILLAGE
KABUL LINE
KAUTILYA MARG
MANAS MARG BAPU DHAM
MEHRAM NAGAR
MORE LINE
MOTI BAGH - I
MOTI BAGH -1
NETAJI NAGAR
OLD NANGAL
PANCHVATI
PINTO PARK
RK PURAM SECTOR-13
ROCK VIEW
SADAR BAZAR
SARDAR PATEL MARG
SATYA MARG
SUBROTO PARK
URI ENCLAVE
VINAY MARG
39RAJENDRA NAGARDASGHARA/TODAPUR
INDERPURI
J J COLONY INDERPURI
KAROL BAGH
KAROL BAGH PUSA ROAD
KRISHI KUNJ
LOHA MANDI NARAINA
NARAINA
NARAINA VIHAR
PANDAV NAGAR
PUSA INSTITUTE
RAJINDER NAGAR
40NEW DELHIALI GANJ
ANSARI NAGAR (EAST)
ANSARI NAGAR (WEST)
ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASHOK ROAD
ATUL GROVER ROAD
AURANGZEB ROAD
B. K. DUTT COLONY
BABA KHADAK SINGH MARG
BABA KHARAG SINGH MARG
BABAR ROAD
BANGALI MARKET
BANGLA SAHIB ROAD
BAPA NAGAR
BARAKHAMBA ROAD
BASANT LANE
BHAGWAN DASS ROAD
CHELMSFORD ROAD
CONNAUGHT PLACE
COPERNICUS MARG
FIROZSHAH ROAD
GOLF LINKS
GURUDWARA RAKAB GANJ ROAD
HAILEY ROAD
HANUMAN ROAD
JANPATH
JASWANT SINGH ROAD
JOR BAGH
K G MARG
KAKA NAGAR
KALI BARI MARG
KASHTURBA GANDHI MARG
KHAN MARKET
KIDWAI NAGAR (EAST)
KIDWAI NAGAR (WEST)
KIDWAI NAGAR WEST
KIDWAI NAGAR(EAST)
LAXMI BAI NAGAR
LODHI COLONY
LODHI ESTATE
MAHARISHI RAMAN MARG
MAN SINGH ROAD
MANDIR MARG
MAULANA AZAD ROAD
MOTHER TERESSA CRESCENT
NAUROJI NAGAR
NORTH AVENUE
PALIKA KUNJ
PALIKA NIWAS
PANCHKUIAN ROAD
PANDARA PARK
PANDARA ROAD
PESHWA ROAD
PILLANGI VILLAGE
PRESIDENT ESTATE
PRITHVI RAJ ROAD
PURANA QUILLA ROAD
RACE COURSE
RACE COURSE ROAD
RAJA BAZAR
RAMA KRISHNA ASHRAM MARG
RAVINDRA NAGAR
SAFDARJUNG AIRPORT
SAROJINI NAGAR
SHAHEED BHAGAT SINGH MARG
SIKANDRA ROAD
SOUTH AVENUE
SOUTH END LANE
SUJAN SINGH PARK
SUNEHRI BAGH
TAL KATORA ROAD
TEEN MURTI MARG
TEES JANUARY MARG
TILAK MARG
41JANGPURAASHRAM
BHOGAL
DARYA GANJ
DARYAGANJ
HARI NAGAR ASHRAM
HAZRAT NIZAMUDDIN WEST
JAL VIHAR
JANGPURA B
JANGPURA EXT.
JANGPURA LANE
JANGPURA MATHURA ROAD
KILOKARI
LAJPAT NAGAR I
LAJPAT NAGAR II
NEHRU NAGAR
NIZAMUDDIN WEST
NIZAUDDIN WEST
P.S.STAAF QTRS
PRAGATI MAIDAN
RAJ GHAT
RING ROAD IP DEPOT
SARAI KALE KHAN
SARAIKALE KHAN
SIDHARTH BASTI
SIDHARTH EXT.
SUNDER NAGAR
SUNLIGHT COLONY
TILAK BRIDGE
VIKRAM NAGAR
42KASTURBA NAGARANDREWS GANJ
AYURVIGYAN NAGAR
BAPU PARK KOTLA MUBARAKPUR
BLOCK-A DEFENCE COLONY
BLOCK-C DEFENCE COLONY
BLOCK-C LAJPAT NAGAR-I
BLOCK-D DEFENCE COLONY
GARHI
INA COLONY
JANG PURA EXTNSION
KOTLA MUBARAK PUR
LAJPAT NAGAR
LAJPAT NAGAR PART -IV
LAJPAT NAGAR PART-IV
LAJPAT NAGAR-I
LAJPAT NAGAR-III
LODHI COLONY
LODHI ROAD
LODHI ROAD COMPLEX
LODHI ROAD COMPLEX
N D S E PART II
NDSE-I
PANT NAGAR
SADIQ NAGAR
SANWAL NAGAR
SEWA NAGAR
SOUTH EXTENSION PART II
SOUTH EXTENSION-I
SRINIWAS PURI
TYAG RAJ NAGAR
VILLAGE ALI GANJ
VILLAGE PILLANJI
VILLANGE ALI GANJ
WAZIR NAGAR
43MALVIYA NAGARADCHINI VILLAGE
ADHCHINI & NCERT
ARJUN NAGAR
BEGUM PUR BALMILKI CAMP
BEGUM PUR INDRA CAMP
BEGUM PUR VILLAGE
GAUTAM NAGAR
GEETANJALI & MALVIYA NAGAR
GEETANJALI & NAVJIVAN VIHAR
GREEN PARK EXTENSION
GREEN PARK MAIN
GULMOHAR ENCLAVE
GULMOHAR PARK
HAUZ KHAS
HAUZ KHAS ENCLAVE
HAUZ KHAS VILLAGE
HAUZ RANI
HUMAYUN PUR VILLAGE
IIT CAMPUS
JIA SARAI
KALU SARAI VILLAGE
KHIRKI VILLAGE
KRISHNA NAGAR
MALVIYA NAGAR
MASJID MOTH
MAY FAIR GARDEN
MMTC COLONY
NAVKETAN GROUP HOUSING SOCIETY
NCERT
NCERT STAFF QRTS
NITI BAGH
PADMINI ENCLAVE
POLICE TRAINING SCHOOL
QUTUB INSTITUTIONAL AREA
SAFDARJUNG DEVELOPMENT AREA BHIM NAGRI
SAFDARJUNG ENCLAVE
SARVODAYA ENCLAVE
SARVPRIYA VIHAR
SHIVALIK
SONA APPARTMENT
STC COLONY
UDAY PARK
YUSUF SARAI
YUSUF SRAI & GREEN PARK EXTENSION
44R.K.PURAMANAND NIKETAN
Basant Nagar
MOHAMMAD PUR VILLAGE
MUNIRKA DDA FLATS
Munirka Village
NANAK PURA
R K Puram Sec-1
R K Puram Sec-10
R K Puram Sec-12
R K Puram Sec-2
R K Puram Sec-3
R K Puram Sec-4
R K Puram Sec-5
R K Puram Sec-6
R K Puram Sec-7
R K Puram Sec-8
R K Puram Sec-9
R.K.PURAM SEC-12
SATYA NIKETAN
Vasant Vihar
45MEHRAULIBER SARAI
JNU (JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU UNIVERSITY)
KATWARIA SARAI
KISHAN GARH VILLAGE
KUSUMPUR PAHARI
LADO SARAI
MASOOD PUR
MEHRAULI
RAJOKARI VILLAGE
SAKET
VASANT KUNJ
46CHHATARPURASOLA
AYA NAGAR
BHATTI MINES
BHATTI VILLAGE
CHANDAN HULLA
CHATTARPUR
DERA VILLAGE
FATEHPUR BERI
GADAI PUR
GHITORNI
JONAPUR
MAIDAN GARHI
MANDI VILLAGE
MANGLA PURI
NEB SARAI
RAJPUR KHURD
SAIDULAJAB
SATBARI
SHAHURPUR
SULTAN PUR
47DEOLI (SC)DAKSHINPURI EXTENSION
DEOLI EXTENSION
DEOLI VILLAGE
DURGA VIHAR
J.J.CAMP, TIGRI
J.J.COLONY, TIGRI
MADANGIR VILLAGE
NAI BASTI
SAINIK FARM
SANGAM VIHAR
SANJAY CAMP
SHAHEED CAMP
SOUTH ENCLAVE DDA FLATS
SUBHASH CAMP
TIGRI EXTENSION
48AMBEDKAR NAGAR (SC)BIHARI PARK, KHANPUR
DAKSHIN PURI
DUGGAL COLONY, KHANPUR
J.J.COLONY, KHANPUR
JAWAHAR PARK
KHANPUR
KHANPUR EXTN
KHANPUR VILLAGE
KRISHNA PARK
MADANGIR
MADANGIR DDA FLATS
PUSHP VIHAR
RAJU PARK, KHANPUR
SAINIK FARM
SHIV PARK, KHANPUR
49SANGAM VIHARHAMDARD NAGAR
LAL KUAN
SANGAM VIHAR
TUGHLAKABAD EXTENSION
TUGHLAKABAD EXTENSION, TA-BLOCK
50GREATER KAILASHASIAD VILLAGE COMPLEX
C R PARK
CHIRAG DELHI
CHIRAG ENCLAVE HEMKUNT
DDA JANTA FLATS KHIRKI VILLAGE
DDA MASJID MOTH PHASE-I
DDA MIG/SFS SHEIKH SARAI PH-I
DDA SFS SHEIKH SARAI PH-I
EAST OF KAILASH
EAST OF KAILASH (KAILASH TOWER)
EPR REFUGEE REH HOUSING BLDG SOCIETY
G K II
G.K II
GREATER KAILASH - 1
GREATER KAILASH 1
GREATER KAILASH-I
ICAR COLONY (KRISHI VIHAR)
JAGDAMBA CAMP
KAILASH COLONY
KALKA JI
KALKAJI
KHIRKI EXTENSION
MASJID MOTH
PAMPOSH ENCLAVE
PANCHSHEEL COLONY (EAST) SWAMI COLONY
PANCHSHEEL COLONY (GOKUL WALI MASJID)
PANCHSHEEL COLONY/SADNA
PANCHSHEEL ENCLAVE (MASJID MOTH)
PANCHSHEEL PARK (SOUTH)
PANCHSHEEL PARK(EAST)
PANCHSHEEL VIHAR
RPS DDA FLATS SHEIKH SARAI PHASE-I
SANT NAGAR
SAVITRI NAGAR
SHAHPUR JAT
SHEIKH SARAI-PHASE-II
ZAMRUD PUR
51KALKAJIBHARAT NAGAR
EAST OF KAILASH
GARHI EAST OF KAILASH
GIRI NAGAR
GOVIND PURI
ISHWAR NAGAR
KALKAJI
MAHARANI BAGH
MASIH GARH
NEW FRIENDS COLONY
SARAI JULLENA
SHYAM NAGAR
SRINIWASPURI
SUKHDEV VIHAR
52TUGHLAKABADGOLA KUAN
HARKESH NAGAR
INDRA KALYAN VIHAR
J.J. CAMP
J.J.R.CAMP OKHLA INDUSTRIAL AREA PH-II
JANTA JEEWAN CAMP
KALKAJI EXTN
LAL KUAN
MAJDOOR KALYAN CAMP
MAJDOOR KALYAN VIHAR
MOHAN CO-OPERATIVE
NEW SANJAY CAMP
NEW SANJAY COLONY
OKHLA INDUSTRIAL AREA
OKHLA PH-III
PUL PRAHLAD PUR
RAILWAY COLONY TUGHLKABAD
SANJAY COLONY
SANJAY COLONY OKHLA INDUSTRIAL AREA
SONIYA GANDHI CAMP
TEHKHAND VILLAGE
TUGHLAKABAD
TUGHLAKABAD VILLAGE
YOGHSHALA CAMP
53BADARPURBADARPUR
GAUTAM PURI
HARI NAGAR
JAITPUR
MITHAPUR
MOLARBAND
SAURABH VIHAR
TAJPUR
54OKHLAAALI VIHAR
ABUL FAZAL ENCLAVE
ALI VILLAGE
BATLA HOUSE
CANAL COLONY
GAFFAR MANZIL
GHAFOOR NAGAR
HAZI COLONY
JAMIA NAGAR
JASOLA EXTENSION
JASOLA VIHAR
JASOLA VILLAGE
JOGA BAI
JOGABAI
KALINIDI COLONY
KHIZARBAD VILLAGE
MADANPUR KHADAR
MASHIGARH VILLAGE
MUJEEB BAGH
NAI BASTI
NEW FRIENDS COLONY
NOOR NAGAR
OKHLA VIHAR
OKHLA VILLAGE
SARITA VIHAR
SHAHEEN BAGH
TAIMOOR NAGAR
ZAKIR NAGAR
55TRILOKPURI (SC)KOTLA VILLAGE
MAYUR VIHAR
MAYUR VIHAR PHASE-I EXTN.
NEW ASHOK NAGAR
TRILOKPURI
56KONDLIDallupura village
DDA Flats
DDA Janta Flats
Gazipur DDA Flat
Gharoli Dairy Farms
Gharoli Extension
Gharoli village
Kalyanpuri
Khichripur
Kondli
Mayur Vihar-III
New Kondli
Vasundhara Enclave
57PATPARGANJACHARYA NIKETAN
EAST VINOD NAGAR
I.P.EXTENSION
I.P.EXTENSTION PATPARGANJ
KALYAN VAS
KHICHRIPUR VILLAGE
MANDAWALI
MAYUR VIHAR PHASE-I
MAYUR VIHAR PHASE-II
PANDAV NAGAR
PATPARGANJ VILLAGE
SHASHI GARDEN
WEST VINOD NAGAR
58LAXMI NAGARGARHWALI MOHALLA, LAXMI NAGAR
GURU RAMDAS NAGAR
GURURAM DAS NAGAR
KRISHAN KUNJ
KUNDAN NAGAR
LALITA PARK, LAXMI NAGAR
LAXMI NAGAR
MANDWALI
PANDAV NAGAR
RAMESH PARK
SAMAS PUR
SHAKARPUR
59VISHWAS NAGARAGCR ENCL
ANAND VIHAR
ARYA NAGAR
DAYANAND VIHAR
DEFENCE ENCL.
EAST ARJUN NAGAR
EAST LAXMI MARKET NEAR RADHU PALACE
GAGAN VIHAR
GAZI PUR VILLAGE
GROUP HOUSING SOCIETY NEAR DTC DEPOT PATPAR GANJ
GROUP HOUSING SOCIETY, NEAR DTC DEPOT, PATPARGANJ
GUJARAT VIHAR
GURU ANGAD NAGAR
HARGOBIND ENCL
JAGRITI ENCL
JOSHI COLONY NEAR DTC DEPOT PATPARGANJ
karkardooma
KARKARDOOMA VILLAGE
LEHRI COLONY
MADHU VIHAR
MADHUBAN
MANAK VIHAR
NEW RAJDHANI ENCL.
NIRMAN VIHAR
NRIMAN VIHAR
PREET VIHAR
PRIYA ENCALAVE
PUSHPANJALI
RAHU PALACE PATPARGANJ ROAD
RAM VIHAR
SAINI ENCL
SAVITA VIHAR
SHARAD VIHAR
SHRESTHA VIHAR
SURAJMAL VIHAR
SURYA NIKETAN
SWASTHYA VIHAR
VIGYAN VIHAR
VISHWAS NAGAR
VIVEK VIHAR
YOJANA VIHAR
60KRISHNA NAGARANARKALI GARDEN
ARAM PARK & OLD ANARKLI EXTN.
ARJUN NAGAR
BALDEV PARK
BALMIKI BASTI & NEW GANESH PARK
BRIJ PURI & NEW GOVIND PURA
CHANDER NAGAR
CHANDU PARK
CHANDU PARK, NEW LAYAL PUR
EAST BALDEV PARK
EAST KRISHNA NAGAR
GEETA COLONY
GHONDLI VILLAGE
GOPAL PARK
GOPAL PARK & HAZARA PARK
GOVIND PARK
GYAN PARK
HAZARA PARK & SILVER PARK
INDRA PARK
JAGAT PURI
JHEEL KHURANJA
JITAR NAGAR
JITAR NAGAR & OLD GOVIND PURA EXTN.
KHUREJI KHAS
KRISHNA NAGAR
LAXMAN PARK
LAXMAN PARK & CHANDER NAGAR
MAHILA COLONY
MAUSAM VIHAR
NEW BRIJ PURI
NEW BRIJ PURI & NEW GOVIND PURA
NEW GOVIND PURA
NEW GOVIND PURA EXTN. & OLD GOVIND PURA
NEW KRISHNA NAGAR
NEW LAHORE COLONY
NEW LAYAL PUR
OLD ANARKALI
OLD BRIJ PURI
OLD GOVIND PURA
OLD GOVIND PURA & OLD ANARKALI
OLD GOVIND PURA & SOUTH ANARKALI
OLD GOVIND PURA EXTN.
PANDIT PARK & EXTN.SHIVAJI GALI, KRISHNA NAGAR EXTN.SHIVPURI
POLICE COLONY, POLICE STATION PREET VIHAR
RADEHY PURI EXTENSION
RADHEY PURI
RADHEY SHYAM PARK
RADHEY SHYAM PARK EXTN.
RAM NAGAR
RAM NAGAR & RAM NAGAR EXTN.
RAM NAGAR EXTN.
RANI GARDEN
RANI GARDEN EXTN.
RASHID MARKET
RASHID MARKET EXTN.
SHAHI MASJID , RASHID/NEW RASHID MARKET , GANESH PARK
SHASTRI NAGAR
SHASTRI PARK & SATNAM PARK
SHIV PURI
SHIV PURI EXTN. & SHIV PURI
SHYAM NAGAR & OLD GOVIND PURA
SOUTH ANARKALI
SOUTH ANARKALI EXTN.
SOUTH ANARKALI MAIN
TAJ ENCLAVE & GEETA COLONY
61GANDHI NAGARDHARAMPURA
EAST AZAD NAGAR
GANDHI NAGAR
KAILASH NAGAR
KANTI NAGAR
KANTI NAGAR (EAST)
KANTI NAGAR EAST AND EAST AZAD NAGAR
KANTI NAGAR EXTENSION
NEW SEELAM PUR
OLD DHARAMPURA
OLD SEELAMPUR
OLD SEELAMPUR (EAST)
RAGHUBARPURA NO 1
RAGHUBARPURA NO 2
RAJGARH COLONY
SARTAJ MOHALLA
SHANKAR NAGAR
SHANKAR NAGAR EXTENSION
SHASTRI PARK
WEST AZAD NAGAR
62SHAHADARABEHARI COLONY
BHOLA NATH NAGAR
DILSHAD COLONY
DILSHAD GARDEN
FRIENDS COLONY JHILMIL
JHILMIL
JHILMIL COLONY
JHILMIL INDL. AREA
JWALA NAGAR
SEEMA PURI
SHAHDRA
VIVEK VIHAR
63SEEMA PURI (SC)DILASHAD COLONY
DILSHAD GARDEN
GTB ENCLAVE
GTB HOSPITAL CAMPUS
JAGATPURI EXTN.
JANTA FLATS GTB ENCLAVE
NAND NAGARI
NAND NAGRI
NEW SEEMAPURI
SUNDER NAGARI
TAHIRPUR
VILL KHERA
VILL TAHIRPUR
64ROHTAS NAGARA-BLOCK ASHOK NAGAR
B-BLOCK ASHOK NAGAR
BHAGWAN PUR KHERA
BHAGWAN PUR KHERA RAM NAGAR EXTN.
C-1 BLOCK NAND NAGRI
C-2 BLOCK NAND NAGRI
C-3 BLOCK NAND NAGRI
CHANDER LOK
D-1 BLOCK ASHOK NAGAR
D-BLOCK ASHOK NAGAR
D-BLOCK NATTHU COLONY
DURGAPURI
DURGAPURI EXTN.
EAST RAM NAGAR
EAST ROHTASH NAGAR
EAST ROHTASH NAGAR SHIVAJI PARK
E-BLOCK ASHOK NAGAR
HARDEV PURI
JAGAT PURI
JAGJEEVAN NAGAR
JHUGGI OPP. B-BLOCK
KABUL NAGAR
LIG FLATS EAST OF LONI ROAD
MANSAROVER PARK
MANSROVER PARK D.D.A. FLATS
MIG FLATS EAST OF LONI ROAD
NATHU COLONY
NAVEEN SHAHDARA
NEW MODERN SHAHDARA
PANCHSHEEL GARDEN
PANCHSHEEL GARDEN SUBHASH PARK
RAM NAGAR
RAM NAGAR EXT.
SHIVAJI PARK
SHRIRAM NAGAR
SUBHASH PARK
ULDHAN PUR PANCHSHEEL GARDEN
WELCOME SEELAMPUR PH-III
WEST ROHTAS NAGAR
WEST ROHTAS NAGAR MOHAN PARK
65SEELAMPURSEELAMPUR
BRAHAMPURI
BRAHMPURI
CHAUHAN BANGAR
GAUTAM PURI
JAFFRABAD
KAITHWARA
MAUJPUR
NEW SEELAMPUR
NEW USMANPUR
SEELAMPUR
SHASTRI PARK
WELCOME
66GHONDA4TH PUSTA KARTAR NAGAR J-BLOCK
A-BLOCK BHAJAN PURA
AMBEDKAR BASTI
AMBEDKAR BASTI GHONDA VILL
AMBEDKAR MURTI GHONDA VILL
ARVIND NAGAR
B-1, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
B-2, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
B-3, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
B-4, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
B-5, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
B-BLOCK BHAJAN PURA
BHAJAN PURA
BRAHAMPURI X-BLOCK
C-1, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
C-10, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
C-12, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
C-2, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
C-3, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
C-4, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
C-5, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
C-6, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
C-7, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
C-8, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
C-9, BLOCK YAMUNA VIHAR
C-BLOCK BHAJAN PURA
D-BLOCK BHAJAN PURA
D-BLOCK SANJAY MOHALLA
GAMRI EXTN. A-BLOCK
GAMRI EXTN. C-BLOCK
GAMRI EXTN. D-BLOCK
GAMRI VILL.
GARHI MENDU
GAUTAM VIHAR
GHONDA VILLAGE
JAGJIT NAGAR D-BLOCK
JAGJIT NAGAR E-BLOCK
JAGJIT NAGAR G-BLOCK
JAI PARKASH NAGAR
KARTAR NAGAR
KARTAR NAGAR J-BLOCK
KARTAR NAGAR L K C J-BLOCK
KHUMARA MOHLLA GHONDA VILL
SOUTH GAMRIEXTN.
SOUTH GAMRIEXTN. A-BLOCK
SOUTH GAMRIEXTN. B-BLOCK
SUBHASH VIHAR E-BLOCK
SUBHASH VIHAR F-BLOCK
SUBHASH VIHAR NORTH GHONDA
USMAN PUR C-BLOCK
USMANPUR
VIJAY COLONY
VILL GHONDA
VILLAGE USMANPUR
WEST GHONDA K BLOCK
67BABARPURBABAR PUR VILLAGE (EAST BABAR PUR)
BALBIR NAGAR & BALBIR NAGAR EXTN.
BALBIR NAGAR & BALBIR NAGAR EXTN. NALA PAR
BALBIR NAGAR EXTN.
BALBIR NAGAR EXTN. NALA PAR
CHHAJJUPUR (EAST BABAR PUR)
D.D.A FLATS WEST GORAKH PARK
EAST BABARPUR
EAST GORAKH PARK
GHONDA EXTN.
GHONDA EXTN. NOOR-E-ILAHI
HARIJAN BASTI WEST JYOTI NAGAR.
INDIRA NIKETAN
JANTA MAZDOOR COLONY.
JYOTI COLONY
JYOTI NAGAR RISHI KARDAM PURI
KABIR NAGAR
KARDAM PURI
KARDAM PURI EXTN.
KARDAM PURI JYOTI NAGAR
MAUJPUR
NEW JAFARABAD WEST GORAKH PARK
NORTH GHONDA
OLD KARDAM PURI
SHANTI BAZAR WALA ROAD KABIR NAGAR.
SUBHASH MOHALLA NORTH GHONDA
VIJAY PARK
WEST BABARPUR
WEST GORAKHPARK
WEST JYOTI NAGAR
YAMUNA VIHAR
68GOKALPURBHAGIRATHI VIHAR
EAST GOKALPUR
GANGA VIHAR
GOKALPURI
HARSH VIHAR
JOHRIPUR
MANDOLI EXTN.
MANDOLI EXTN
MANDOLI EXTN.
MANDOLI VILL.
MEET NAGAR
MEETNAGAR
PRATAP NAGAR
SABOLI VILL.
SHAKTI GARDEN
VILL. GOKALPUR
VILLAGE GOKALPUR
69MUSTAFABADAMAR VIHAR
AMBIKA VIHAR
BABU NAGAR
BHAGAT VIHAR
BHGIRATH VIHAR
BRIJPURI
CHANDU NAGAR
CHOUHAN PUR
DAYAL PUR
DEVI NAGAR, SHIV VIHAR
E-BLOCK DAYAL PUR EXTN. NEHRU VIHAR
GOVIND VIHAR
GURU NANAK NAGAR
HARIJAN BASTI KARAWAL NAGAR
HARIJAN BASTI SADATPUR VILL
HARIJAN BASTI, KARAWAL NAGAR
KAMAL VIHAR
KARAWAL NAGAR EXT
MAAN SINGH NAGAR
MAHA LAXMI ENCLAVE
MAHA LAXMI VIHAR
MOONGA NAGAR
MUSTAFABAD
MUSTAFABAD, DILSHAD MASJID
MUSTFABAD
MUSTFABAD EXTN
NEHRU VIHAR
OLD MUSTAFABAD
PANCHAL VIHAR
PREM NAGAR, KARAWAL NAGAR
PREM VIHAR
RAJIV GANDI NAGAR, NEW MUSTAFABAD
RAJIV GANDI NAGAR, NEW MUSTAFABAD
RAMA GARDEN
ROSHAN VIHAR
SADATPUR EXTN.
SHAKTI VIHAR
SHIV VIHAR
SHIV VIHAR, PUSHKAR VIHAR
SURIYA VIHAR
ZIAUDDIN PUR
70KARAWAL NAGARA - BLOCK, PART - II, SONIA VIHAR
A - BLOCK, PART - III & IV, SONIA VIHAR
A - BLOCK, SONIA VIHAR
A & B - BLOCK, SONIA VIHAR
A & B BLOCK, SONIA VIHAR
A BLOCK, PART - II, SONIA VIHAR
A BLOCK, SONIA VIHAR
ANKUR ENCLAVE
ANKUR ENCLAVE, PRAKASH VIHAR
B - BLOCK, SONIA VIHAR
BADARPUR KHADAR, PUR, DELHI, SHAHDRA
BIHARIPUR EXTN
BIHARIPUR VILL
C - BLOCK, SONIA VIHAR
CHANDBAGH
CHAUHAN PATTI SABHAPUR SHAHDARA VILL
D - BLOCK, SONIA VIHAR
DAYAL PUR
E - BLOCK, SONIA VIHAR
G - BLOCK, SONIA VIHAR
KARAWAL NAGAR VILLAGE
KHAJOORI KHAS
MUKUND VIHAR
NEW SABHAPUR
SABHAPUR SHAHDARA VILL
SABHAPUR VILL & CHAUHAN PATTI
SADATPUR EXTN
SHAHID BHAGAT SINGH COLONY
SHERPUR VILL
SHRI RAM COLONY
TUKMIRPUR & VILL
TUKMIRPUR EXTN
VILL KHAJOORI KHAS
WEST KAMAL VIHAR
WEST KARAWAL NAGAR
Tuesday, September 20, 2016 |
Polish postcard by Edition Victoria. Photo: Lux. Publicity still for Dzikuska/Savage (Henryk Szaro, 1928). Collection: Joanna.
Polish actor Zbigniew Sawan (1904–1984) starred both in silent and sound film, and was also a respected stage actor in his country. He also worked as a theatre director and manager.
Zbigniew or Zbyszko Sawan was born as Zbigniew Nowakowski in Voskresenovka, Russian Empire (now Russia) in 1904. He was the brother of the actress Jadwiga Boryta. After graduating from the Szkoły Dramatycznej (Drama School) in Warsaw, he made his stage debut at the Teatr im. Słowackiego w Krakowie. Slovak in Krakow. In 1928 he played the leading role in the Polish-Austrian historical drama Huragan/Hurricane (1928, Joseph Lejtes). The following years he appeared in more silent Polish productions, including the romance Dzikuska/Savage (1928, Henryk Szaro), the drama Przedwiosnie/Early Spring (1928, Henryk Szaro) and Policmajster Tagiejew/Police foreman Tagiejew (1929, Juliusz Gardan) . In these films the handsome actor often played jeune premier roles as the young student or the romantic painter. He was also credited as Zbyszko Sawan.
In 1930, after the introduction of the sound film, Paramount contracted Zbigniew Sawan to appear in their French studio in Joinville to star in the drama Tajemnica lekarza (1930, Ryszard Ordynski). This was an alternate language version of their production The Doctor's Secret (1929, William C. De Mille) starring Ruth Chatterton and John Loder. Other early sound films were the romantic thriller Serce na ulicy/Heart on the Street (1931, Juliusz Gardan) with Nora Ney, Uwiedziona/Seduced (1931, Michal Waszynski) starring Maria Malicka, and Palac na kólkach/Palace on wheels (1932, Ryszard Ordynski) with Igo Sym. After an interval he starred in two more films in the late 1930’s, Ostatnia brygada/Last brigade (1938, Michal Waszynski) with Maria Gorczynska, and Czarne diamenty/ Black Diamonds (1939, Jerzy Gabryelski). Then World War II finished his film career. As most of the actors who boycotted German-controlled theatres during the war, he had to find another way to make a living. He rejected offers to start working for the pro-Nazi UFA. Blacklisted, he was taken hostage (along with other Polish artists) by the Gestapo in 1941 and as a result of German retaliatory action for the Polish resistance assassination of the Nazi spy Igo Sym, his co-star from Palac na kólkach (1932). Sawan ended up in the Auschwitz concentration camp, but happily he survived.
After the war Zbigniew Sawan started performing in Teatr Mały in Warsaw alongside his wife, the former film actress Lidia Wysocka, whom he had married in 1943. They later also performed together in Teatr Miniatura in Warsaw and Teatr Nowy. In 1947 they moved next to the Polish Theatre in Szczecin, where Sawan would take the manager seat. The couple returned to Warsaw in 1949 and started working in Teatr Ludowy: Sawan again as the manager, while his wife started directing plays. More than 20 years after his last film, he made a screen come-back in Odwiedziny prezydenta/Visit of a President (1961, Jan Batory) with Beata Tyszkiewicz. He also appeared in Andrzej Wajda’s Popioly (1965) starring Daniel Olbrychski, and Katastrofa/Catastrophe (1966, Sylwester Checinski) as the father of Marta Lipinska. During the 1970’s he played small parts in such films as Epilog norymberski (1971, Jerzy Antczak), the war drama Akcja pod Arsenalem/Action at the Arsenal (1978, Jan Lomnicki) and Aria dla atlety/Aria for an Athlete (1979, Filip Bajon). His final film was the drama Klejnot wolnego sumienia/The Supreme Value of a Free Conscience (1983, Grzegorz Królikiewicz). Later he only appeared as a priest in the Polish-British TV production Ceremonia pogrzebowa/Funeral Ceremony (1985, Jacek Bromski). Zbigniew Sawan died in 1984 in Warszawa (Warsaw), Poland, at the age of 80. He was survived by his wife, Lidia Wysocka.
Sources: Film Polski (Polish), Wikipedia (English and Polish) and IMDb.
Thai Airways
Boeing B777-2D7/ER
Reg : HS-TJR
Named : Nakhon Sawan "นครสวรรค์"
At Bangkok Suvarnabhumi
26.12.2015
Polish postcard by Polonia, Krakow, no. 559. Photo: Van Dyck. Signature from 1928. Collection: Joanne.
Polish actor Zbigniew Sawan (1904–1984) starred both in silent and sound film, and was also a respected stage actor in his country. He also worked as a theatre director and manager.
Zbigniew or Zbyszko Sawan was born as Zbigniew Nowakowski in Voskresenovka, Russian Empire (now Russia) in 1904. He was the brother of the actress Jadwiga Boryta. After graduating from the Szkoły Dramatycznej (Drama School) in Warsaw, he made his stage debut at the Teatr im. Słowackiego w Krakowie. Slovak in Krakow. In 1928 he played the leading role in the Polish-Austrian historical drama Huragan/Hurricane (1928, Joseph Lejtes). The following years he appeared in more silent Polish productions, including the romance Dzikuska/Savage (1928, Henryk Szaro), the drama Przedwiosnie/Early Spring (1928, Henryk Szaro) and Policmajster Tagiejew/Police foreman Tagiejew (1929, Juliusz Gardan) . In these films the handsome actor often played jeune premier roles as the young student or the romantic painter. He was also credited as Zbyszko Sawan.
In 1930, after the introduction of the sound film, Paramount contracted Zbigniew Sawan to appear in their French studio in Joinville to star in the drama Tajemnica lekarza (1930, Ryszard Ordynski). This was an alternate language version of their production The Doctor's Secret (1929, William C. De Mille) starring Ruth Chatterton and John Loder. Other early sound films were the romantic thriller Serce na ulicy/Heart on the Street (1931, Juliusz Gardan) with Nora Ney, Uwiedziona/Seduced (1931, Michal Waszynski) starring Maria Malicka, and Palac na kólkach/Palace on wheels (1932, Ryszard Ordynski) with Igo Sym. After an interval he starred in two more films in the late 1930’s, Ostatnia brygada/Last brigade (1938, Michal Waszynski) with Maria Gorczynska, and Czarne diamenty/ Black Diamonds (1939, Jerzy Gabryelski). Then World War II finished his film career. As most of the actors who boycotted German-controlled theatres during the war, he had to find another way to make a living. He rejected offers to start working for the pro-Nazi UFA. Blacklisted, he was taken hostage (along with other Polish artists) by the Gestapo in 1941 and as a result of German retaliatory action for the Polish resistance assassination of the Nazi spy Igo Sym, his co-star from Palac na kólkach (1932). Sawan ended up in the Auschwitz concentration camp, but happily he survived.
After the war Zbigniew Sawan started performing in Teatr Mały in Warsaw alongside his wife, the former film actress Lidia Wysocka, whom he had married in 1943. They later also performed together in Teatr Miniatura in Warsaw and Teatr Nowy. In 1947 they moved next to the Polish Theatre in Szczecin, where Sawan would take the manager seat. The couple returned to Warsaw in 1949 and started working in Teatr Ludowy: Sawan again as the manager, while his wife started directing plays. More than 20 years after his last film, he made a screen come-back in Odwiedziny prezydenta/Visit of a President (1961, Jan Batory) with Beata Tyszkiewicz. He also appeared in Andrzej Wajda’s Popioly (1965) starring Daniel Olbrychski, and Katastrofa/Catastrophe (1966, Sylwester Checinski) as the father of Marta Lipinska. During the 1970’s he played small parts in such films as Epilog norymberski (1971, Jerzy Antczak), the war drama Akcja pod Arsenalem/Action at the Arsenal (1978, Jan Lomnicki) and Aria dla atlety/Aria for an Athlete (1979, Filip Bajon). His final film was the drama Klejnot wolnego sumienia/The Supreme Value of a Free Conscience (1983, Grzegorz Królikiewicz). Later he only appeared as a priest in the Polish-British TV production Ceremonia pogrzebowa/Funeral Ceremony (1985, Jacek Bromski). Zbigniew Sawan died in 1984 in Warszawa (Warsaw), Poland, at the age of 80. He was survived by his wife, Lidia Wysocka.
Sources: Film Polski (Polish), Wikipedia (English and Polish) and IMDb.
Polish postcard by Polonia, Krakow, no. 907. Photo: Van Dyck.
Polish actor Zbigniew Sawan (1904–1984) starred both in silent and sound films, and was also a respected stage actor in his country. He also worked as a theatre director and manager.
Zbigniew Sawan was born as Zbigniew Nowakowski in Voskresenovka, Russian Empire (now Russia) in 1904. He was the brother of the actress Jadwiga Boryta. After graduating from the Szkoły Dramatycznej (Drama School) in Warsaw, he made his stage debut at the Teatr im. Słowackiego w Krakowie. Slovak in Krakow. In 1928 he played the leading role in the Polish-Austrian historical drama Huragan/Hurricane (1928, Joseph Lejtes). The following years he appeared in more silent Polish productions, including the romance Dzikuska/Savage (1928, Henryk Szaro), the drama Przedwiosnie/Early Spring (1928, Henryk Szaro) and Policmajster Tagiejew/Police foreman Tagiejew (1929, Juliusz Gardan) . In these films the handsome actor often played jeune premier roles as the young student or the romantic painter. He was also credited as Zbyszko Sawan.
In 1930, after the introduction of the sound film, Paramount contracted Zbigniew Sawan to appear in their French studio in Joinville to star in the drama Tajemnica lekarza (1930, Ryszard Ordynski). This was an alternate language version of their production The Doctor's Secret (1929, William C. De Mille) starring Ruth Chatterton and John Loder. Other early sound films were the romantic thriller Serce na ulicy/Heart on the Street (1931, Juliusz Gardan) with Nora Ney, Uwiedziona/Seduced (1931, Michal Waszynski) starring Maria Malicka, and Palac na kólkach/Palace on wheels (1932, Ryszard Ordynski) with Igo Sym. After an interval he starred in two more films in the late 1930’s, Ostatnia brygada/Last brigade (1938, Michal Waszynski) with Maria Gorczynska, and Czarne diamenty/ Black Diamonds (1939, Jerzy Gabryelski). Then World War II finished his film career. As most of the actors who boycotted German-controlled theatres during the war, he had to find another way to make a living. He rejected offers to start working for the pro-Nazi UFA. Blacklisted, he was taken hostage (along with other Polish artists) by the Gestapo in 1941 and as a result of German retaliatory action for the Polish resistance assassination of the Nazi spy Igo Sym, his co-star from Palac na kólkach (1932). Sawan ended up in the Auschwitz concentration camp, but happily he survived.
After the war Zbigniew Sawan started performing in Teatr Mały in Warsaw alongside his wife, the former film actress Lidia Wysocka, whom he had married in 1943. They later also performed together in Teatr Miniatura in Warsaw and Teatr Nowy. In 1947 they moved next to the Polish Theatre in Szczecin, where Sawan would take the manager seat. The couple returned to Warsaw in 1949 and started working in Teatr Ludowy: Sawan again as the manager, while his wife started directing plays. More than 20 years after his last film, he made a screen come-back in Odwiedziny prezydenta/Visit of a President (1961, Jan Batory) with Beata Tyszkiewicz. He also appeared in Andrzej Wajda’s Popioly (1965) starring Daniel Olbrychski, and Katastrofa/Catastrophe (1966, Sylwester Checinski) as the father of Marta Lipinska. During the 1970’s he played small parts in such films as Epilog norymberski (1971, Jerzy Antczak), the war drama Akcja pod Arsenalem/Action at the Arsenal (1978, Jan Lomnicki) and Aria dla atlety/Aria for an Athlete (1979, Filip Bajon). His final film was the drama Klejnot wolnego sumienia/The Supreme Value of a Free Conscience (1983, Grzegorz Królikiewicz). Later he only appeared as a priest in the Polish-British TV production Ceremonia pogrzebowa/Funeral Ceremony (1985, Jacek Bromski). Zbigniew Sawan died in 1984 in Warszawa (Warsaw), Poland, at the age of 80. He was survived by his wife, Lidia Wysocka.
Sources: Film Polski (Polish), Wikipedia (English and Polish) and IMDb.
DRC 1110-1242-1104 as train Ord 407 has just arrived from Nakhon Sawan and bound to depart for the last leg of his journey to Chiang Mai.
Guru Har krishan Sahib was born on Sawan Vadi 10, (8 Sawan), Bikrami Samvat 1713, (Wednesday, 23 July 1656) at Kiratpur Sahib. He was the second son of Guru Har Rai Sahib and Mata Krishan Kaur Ji (Sulakhni Ji). Ram Rai, the elder brother of Guru Harkrishan Sahib was ex-communicated and disinherited due to his anti-Guru Ghar activities, as stated earlier and Sri Harkrishan Sahib Ji at the age of about five years, was declared as Eighth Nanak Guru by his father Guru Har Rai Sahib before his death in 1661.
This act inflamed Ram Rai Ji with jealousy and he complained to the emperor Aurangzeb against his father's decision. The emperor replied in favour issuing orders through Raja Jai Singh to the young Guru to appear before him. Raja Jai Singh sent his emissary to Kiratpur Sahib to bring the Guru to Delhi. At first the Guru was not willing to travel to Delhi, after repeated requests of his followers and Raja Jai Singh, he agreed to the trip.
The following quote from www.sikh-history.com
Guru Har Rai passed away on 20 October 1661. Guru Har Krishan consoled the disciples. He asked them not to give way to despair but abide by the Will of the Almighty. All should sing God's praises and not weep or lament. As days went by, the disciples began pouring in from far and near. They were delighted to have a sight of the Guru. He sat on the throne, a small figure, young in years, but mature in wisdom.
Says Bhai Santokh Singh, "The early morning sun looks small in size, but its light is everywhere. So was Guru Har Krishan' s fame, without limit." Those who came to see him were instructed in true knowledge. They had their heart's desires fulfilled and their sins erased. The Sikhs recognized him as the picture of Guru Nanak. They saw on Guru Har Krishan's handsome face the same light as must have been on Guru Nanak's.
Guru Har Krishan had a rare ability in explaining passages from the Holy Granth. He delighted the hearts of his disciples by his commentaries. He reminded them to cherish the One God alone, and asked them to discard passions and learn the virtues of patience, charity and love. Thus Guru Har Krishan carried on the teaching of the Gurus and preserved intact the legacy he had inherited from them.
Guru Harkrishan Sahib in Delhi with the city in the grip of an epidemic. Guru Ji went all over the city through narrow lanes and gave succour to all in anguish without any discrimination.The Baisakhi day (March 29) of 1662 brought to Kiratpur vast numbers of followers. The festival lasted three days. The sangats were looked after by the Guru' s grandmother, Mata Bassi, and mother, Mata Sulakkhni. In the sangat of Sialkot district was Pair Mall of Pasrur, along with his family. His son, Khem Karan, was a promising youth. Mata Bassi betrothed her granddaughter, Bibi Rup Kaur, to him. Nuptials were held on December 3, 1662. According to the Guru kian Sakhian, the presents offered by Mata Bassi included a pothi of stories from Guru Har Rai' s mouth and a dagger belonging to Guru Hargobind.
Guru Ji To Delhi
Guru Ji and Mughal interference
Emperor Aurangzeb was not pleased to hear about the growing fame of Guru Har Krishan. He sent for him to Delhi as he had sent for his father, Guru Har Rai. Guru Har Rai had not gone himself, but had sent his elder son, Ram Rai, to the emperor' s court. Now when a servant of Raja Jai Singh of Amber arrived with the emperor' s message, Guru Har Krishan took counsel with his leading Sikhs. They said to him with clasped hands, "We are thy servants, Lord. With thy knowledge of all the three worlds, thou knowest best." Guru Har Krishan called the messenger and told him that he would accompany him to Delhi. Guru Har Krishan traveled through Ropar, Banur and Ambala. Along the way, he instructed the disciples who came to call on him.
Mute Recites Salokes
Mute Bhai Chhajju Ram recites Saloks from the holy GitaWhen Guru was near Panjokhara, a Sikh spoke with humility, "Sangats are coming from Peshawar, Kabul and Kashmir. Stay here a day so that they may have the chance of seeing you, Master." The Guru agreed. In that village lived a pandit, Lal Chand by name, who was proud of his caste as well as of his learning. He came to see the Guru and spoke with derision: "It is said that you sit on the gaddi of Guru Nanak. But what do you know of the old religious books'?" Chhajju Ram, the illiterate, dark-skinned village water-carrier, happened to pass by at that moment. Guru Har Krishan asked Dargah Mall to call him. As Chhajju Ram came, the Guru enquired if he would explain to the pandit the gist of the Bhagavad gita. The illiterate villager astonished everyone by his cogent commentary on the sacred book. Lal Chand's pride was overcome. Humbly he fell at the Guru's feet. Both he and Chhajju Ram became the Guru's disciples and travelled with him up to Kurukshetra. The former entered the fold of the Khalsa in Guru Gobind Singh's time, and took the name of Lal Singh. Lal Singh met with a hero's death fighting in the battle of Chamkaur on December 7, 1705. Gurdwara Bangla Sahib at Delhi, where Guru Harkrishan ji Stayed, got constructed by Sardar Baghel Singh
Guru Ji in Delhi
When Guru Sahib reached Delhi, he was greeted with great fervor and full honors by Raja Jai Singh and the Sikhs of Delhi. Guru Sahib was lodged in the palace of Raja Jai Singh. The people from all walks of life flocked the palace to have a glimpse (Darshan) of Guru Harkrishan Sahib. Some chronicles mention that prince Muzzam also paid a visit.
In Delhi, Guru Har Krishan put up in Raja Jai Singh's bungalow which is now the site of Gurdwara Bangla Sahib. The house was a spacious one "designed to suit all the seasons of the year." The Sikhs of Delhi started coming in groups to see the Guru. They came chanting the holy songs and brought offerings with them. According to the Guru kian Sakhian, Guru Har Krishan visited the emperor's court on Chet Sudi Naumi, 1721 Bk/March 25, 1664. As says the Mahima Prakash, the emperor had planned a trial. He had two large trays laid out for the Guru. One of these displayed ornaments, clothes and toys. The other had in it a holy man's cloak and cowl. Both were presented to Guru Har Krishan. He rejected the tray containing ornaments and clothes, and accepted the one containing the cloak. The emperor was convinced of his holiness. He thought he would invite him again and see him perform a miracle. Guru Har Krishan guessed what the emperor had in his mind. He told himself that he would not see his face again. He believed that no one should attempt a mirage and try to disturb the law of God. Guru Har Krishan knew how his father had punished Ram Rai, his elder brother, for showing feats in Aurangzib's court.
Guru Ji and Rani
In order to test the Guru's intelligence, of which everyone spoke very highly, Raja Jai Singh requested the Guru Sahib to identify the real queen out of the equally and well dressed ladies surrounding Guru Sahib. The Guru at once went to a lady dressed as a maidservant and sat in her lap. This lady was the real queen. There are also many different stories we find in some other Sikh accounts relating to Guru Sahib's mental ability.
The Rani had devised her own test. she asked her husband, Jai Singh, to bring the Guru to the ladies' dwelling-house. The Guru accepted the invitation. At the entrance to the inner apartments of the palace, he was received by the Raja's servants with due honour. As he stepped inside, the ladies, in their costly jewels and clothes, bowed in reverencers He walked past them acknowledging their greetings. As he came near one dressed modestly in a maid's coarse homespun, he stopped and said, You are the Rani. Why should you have dressed yourself in a maid's suit?" The Rani bent her head in homage. Within a short span of time Guru Harkrishan Sahib through his fraternization with the common masses gained more and more adherents in the capital
Guru Ji and Small Pox
People visitiong to guru ji as suffering from small poxAt the time, a severe epidemic of cholera and smallpox broke out in Delhi. The young Guru began to attend the sufferers irrespective of cast and creed. Particularly, the local Muslim population was much impressed with the purely humanitarian deeds of the Guru Sahib and nicknamed him Bala Pir (child prophet). Even Aurangzeb did not try to disturb Guru Harkrishan Sahib sensing the tone of the situation but on the other hand never dismissed the claim of Ram Rai also.
While serving the suffering people from the epidemic day and night, Guru Sahib himself was seized with high fever. The severe attack of smallpox confined him to bed for several days. Suddenly one day Guru Har Krishan was taken ill with a fever. The fever turned out to be the beginning of an attack of smallpox. The Guru's tender body was ravaged by the disease. The Guru's mother, Mata Sulakkhani, became very sad. she said, "Son, you occupy the gaddi of Guru Nanak. You are the dispeller of the world' s sorrows and sufferings . Your very sight removes the ailments of others . Why do you lie sick now?" Guru Har Krishan replied, "He who has taken this mortal frame must go through sickness and disease. Both happiness and suffering are part of life. What is ordained must happen. This is what Guru Nanak taught. Whatever He does is His order. One must walk in the light of His command."
Guru Har Krishan had himself taken out of Raja Jai Singh's house to a camp put up on the bank of the Jamuna. The Sikhs wondered why the Guru suffered thus. why this darkness surrounding the sun itself? They were in despair and wondered who would take the gaddi after him. Guru Har Krishan, as says the Sri Gur Pratap Suraj Granth, instructed them in this manner: "Gurgaddi, Guru Nanak's throne, is eternal. It is everlasting and will command increasing honour. The Granth is the Lord of all. He who wants to see me, let him with faith and love see the Granth. So will he shed all his sins. He who would wish to speak with the Guru, let him read the Granth with devotion. He who practises its teachings will obtain all the four padarathas, or cherished objects of human life. He who has faith gains all. He who is without faith acquires but little. None in this world liveth forever. The body is mortal. In the Granth abides the Guru' s spirit. Daily bow your head to it. So will you conquer your passions and attain liberation."
Tears filled the Sikhs' eyes as they listened to what sounded like the last words of the Guru. Then mother Sulakkhani came forward. With tears in her eyes, she spoke, "How shall I live without thee, son? I was blessed when I came into this family married to the late Guru. I was blessed when you were born. Now I am cast into a bottomless ocean of sorrow. Who would be my rescuer? How does a fish live separated from water?" "The body is perishable," said Guru Har Krishan. "As you learn to have faith in God's Will, you will attain to realms sorrowless. Eternal peace will be yours."
Baba Bakala
Baba Bakala Announced By Guru Ji at DelhiWhen his condition became serious, he called his mother and told her that his end was drawing near. When asked to name his successor, he merely exclaimed 'Baba Bakala'. These words were only meant for the future (Guru) Teg Bahadur Sahib, who was residing at village Bakala near river Beas in Punjab province.
In the last moment Guru Harkrishan Sahib wished that nobody should mourn him after his death and instructed to sing the hyms of Gurbani. Thus the 'Bala Pir' passed away on Chet Sudi 14,(3rd Vaisakh), Bikrami Samvat 1721, (Saturday, 16 April 1664) slowly reciting the word "Waheguru" till the end. Tenth Nanak, Guru Gobind Singh Sahib paying tribute to Guru Harkrishan Sahib stated in "Var Sri Bhagoti Ji Ki"... "Let us think of the holy Harkrishan, Whose sight dispels all sorrows..."
Mother Sulakkhani's heart was awakened to the truth and she felt herself released from her worldly chains. Guru Har Krishan was in a critical state. Yet he did not fail to carry out his important responsibility before he left the mortal world. In his last moments, he was able to nominate his successor. He asked for the ceremonial marks of succession to be fetched. But all he could say was "Baba Bakale." He meant that the next Guru would be found in the town of Bakala. The reference was unmistakably to Tegh Bahadur.
Guru Har Krishan passed away on Saturday, 16 April 1664. According to the Guru kian Sakhian, Mata Bassi, the grandmother, asked Gurdas, of the family of Bhai Bahilo, to start a reading of the Holy Granth in his memory. Dargah Mall and Munshi Kalyan Das were sent to Punjab with the mournful news. They first went to Kiratpur to inform Guru Har Krishan's sister, Bibi Rup Kaur. The next day, they set out for Bakala to inform Guru Tegh Bahadur. While in Delhi, he had met Guru Har Krishan and now he received the news of his passing away. He consoled the Sikhs and taught them to abide by God's Will.
Diwan Dargah Mall and Munshi Kalyan Das stayed at Bakala for three days before returning to Delhi . According to an entry in the Bhatt Vahi Talauda Parganah Jind, the ashes were taken from Delhi to Kiratpur where they were mixed with the waters of the Sutlej. The original entry translated as
"Sangat, son of Binna Uppal, of Amb Mari, parganah Miyen ka Maur, Nanu Ram, son of Bagha, alico-printer, of Mohalla Dilwali, Delhi, Jaggu, son of Padma, of Duburji, parganah Sodhara, and Dariya, son of Mula, of Alipur Shamali, parganah Multan, carried the ashes of Guru Har Krishan from Delhi and arrived at Kiratpur, parganah Kahlur, on the 11 th of the dark half of the month of Bhadon of 1721 Bk/ Saturday, 16 April 1664. The ashes were immersed in the River Sutlej. Karahprasad was distributed."
Pichet Grudloyma, senior maize breeder at the Thai Department of Agriculture’s Nakhon Sawan Field Crops Research Center, shows off maize plants affected by drought on the center's drought screening plots, where screening is carried out in the dry season to allow fine control of water availability. CIMMYT has a long relationship with Thailand, supplying materials to for inclusion in the national breeding program, and between March 2005 and October 2008 Thailand participated in the Asian Maize Network (AMNET), which was funded by the Asian Development Bank and led by CIMMYT, and brought together scientists from five Southeast Asian countries to develop and deliver drought tolerant maize varieties for poor farmers in drought-prone regions.
As part of AMNET, the Thai breeders crossed lines from the national program with new drought tolerant materials provided each year by CIMMYT. “We screen for drought tolerance in the dry season and downy mildew resistance in the rainy season, and take the best materials forward each year,” explained Grudloyma in 2008. “We now have many promising hybrids coming through.” Funding from the project also had a big impact on the team’s capacity to screen those hybrids. “We had a small one to two hectare facility before; now we have four hectares with a perfect controlled-irrigation system. Because we’ve been in AMNET, we have good varieties and good fieldwork and screening capacity.” Thailand also took on a role in seed distribution, receiving and sharing seed from the AMNET member countries, and testing the varieties on the drought screening plots at the Research Center.
For Grudloyma, this collaborative approach was a big change. “We’ve learned a lot and gained a lot from our friends in different countries. We each have different experiences, and when we share problems we can adapt knowledge from others to our own situations.” The Thai researchers can come up with many examples of things they have learned from their AMNET partners. “We learned how to evaluate farmer preferences better from the Philippines team,” said Amara Traisiri, an entomologist working on responding to these preferences. “We now use their method in all our field trials with farmers and we’re getting a more accurate picture of what farmers want.” This information caused the group to include ease of hand harvest as another trait to consider in their breeding program, after realizing how important it is to farmers.
The project built capacity and relationships that will endure, according to Grudloyma. “Our station is now very good at working with drought,” he said, “and we’ll continue cooperation and providing germplasm. We already have plans for collaboration with China and Vietnam.” CIMMYT’s role in providing germplasm and access to new knowledge and technologies was vital, as was its leadership. “It’s very hard to get hold of germplasm from anywhere except CIMMYT,” said Grudloyma. “It’s also difficult to come together: we needed an international organization to coordinate and facilitate regional interaction. With CIMMYT everything is easier.”
Photo credit: Eloise Phipps/CIMMYT.
For more about Thailand and AMNET, see CIMMYT's March 2008 e-news story "New maize and new friendships to beat Thai drought," available online at: www.cimmyt.org/newsletter/37-2008/159-new-maize-and-new-f....
About Wat Phutthai Sawan, Ayutthaya, Thailand
Wat Phutthai Sawan or the Monastery of Lord Buddha of the Heavens is located on the south bank of the Chao Phraya River in an area presently called Samphao Lom (the Capsized Junk sub-district), east of Khlong Thakian. It is situated opposite the mouth of Khlong Chakrai Yai, also called Khlong Tho, a canal linking the former Lopburi River (present Khlong Mueang or northern moat) with the Chao Phraya River and runs adjacent the former Royal Palace grounds. The temple complex faces east and is bordered on the north by the Chao Phraya River.
Wat Phutthaisawan temple was built in 1353 AD (715 CS) by King Ramathibodi I at the royal residence of "Wiang Lek", the site where he first settled before establishing Ayutthaya as the capital city in 1350. The temple was constructed after his elder brother (the ruler of Suphan) defeated the Khmers and brought them back under the control of Ayutthaya in 1352. The temple was likely built by the large number of enslaved Khmer inhabitantsforcibly removed from Angkor to Ayutthaya at that time. The monastery was one of the first temples constructed and had a preaching hall and a great holy reliquary.
The old temple complex was enclosed by an outer wall measuring 192 meters in length and 92 meters in width. The vihara has its entry to the east and measures 48 meters in length and 16 meters in width. The main Khmer-style prang is surrounded by a square cloister. The cloister is enclosed by an outer wall, which along with the pillars inside supports the roof. The floor of the terrace is one step higher than the court. The inner wall of the cloister houses rows of Buddha images on decorated bases. Porticos lead into the gallery of seated Buddha's.
The prang, representing the cosmic Mount Meru, is located in the middle of the ancient compound and is built on an indented pedestal protruding towards the north and south, resulting in a wing-like formation, which was characteristic for prangs of the early Ayutthaya period. The "cella" or central small hall inside the prang, can be accessed through a porch, located in the east and only by climbing stairs. The prang has two staircases on the east and the west side. Over the cubic "cella" rises the central tower, the bud-shaped prang. The "cella" houses a Buddha image. Decorations of the ceilings of the porch and "cella" are still visible.
Pichet Grudloyma, senior maize breeder at the Thai Department of Agriculture’s Nakhon Sawan Field Crops Research Center, shows off maize hybrids being tested on the center's drought screening plots. CIMMYT has a long relationship with Thailand, supplying materials to for inclusion in the national breeding program, and between March 2005 and October 2008 Thailand participated in the Asian Maize Network (AMNET), which was funded by the Asian Development Bank and led by CIMMYT, and brought together scientists from five Southeast Asian countries to develop and deliver drought tolerant maize varieties for poor farmers in drought-prone regions.
As part of AMNET, the Thai breeders crossed lines from the national program with new drought tolerant materials provided each year by CIMMYT. “We screen for drought tolerance in the dry season and downy mildew resistance in the rainy season, and take the best materials forward each year,” explained Grudloyma in 2008. “We now have many promising hybrids coming through.” Funding from the project also had a big impact on the team’s capacity to screen those hybrids. “We had a small one to two hectare facility before; now we have four hectares with a perfect controlled-irrigation system. Because we’ve been in AMNET, we have good varieties and good fieldwork and screening capacity.” Thailand also took on a role in seed distribution, receiving and sharing seed from the AMNET member countries, and testing the varieties on the drought screening plots at the Research Center.
For Grudloyma, this collaborative approach was a big change. “We’ve learned a lot and gained a lot from our friends in different countries. We each have different experiences, and when we share problems we can adapt knowledge from others to our own situations.” The Thai researchers can come up with many examples of things they have learned from their AMNET partners. “We learned how to evaluate farmer preferences better from the Philippines team,” said Amara Traisiri, an entomologist working on responding to these preferences. “We now use their method in all our field trials with farmers and we’re getting a more accurate picture of what farmers want.” This information caused the group to include ease of hand harvest as another trait to consider in their breeding program, after realizing how important it is to farmers.
The project built capacity and relationships that will endure, according to Grudloyma. “Our station is now very good at working with drought,” he said, “and we’ll continue cooperation and providing germplasm. We already have plans for collaboration with China and Vietnam.” CIMMYT’s role in providing germplasm and access to new knowledge and technologies was vital, as was its leadership. “It’s very hard to get hold of germplasm from anywhere except CIMMYT,” said Grudloyma. “It’s also difficult to come together: we needed an international organization to coordinate and facilitate regional interaction. With CIMMYT everything is easier.”
Photo credit: Eloise Phipps/CIMMYT.
For more about Thailand and AMNET, see CIMMYT's March 2008 e-news story "New maize and new friendships to beat Thai drought," available online at: www.cimmyt.org/newsletter/37-2008/159-new-maize-and-new-f....
CHAO PHRAYA RIVER
The Chao Phraya (/ˌtʃaʊ prəˈjɑː/[1] or /tʃaʊˈpraɪə/) (Thai: แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา RTGS: Maenam Chao Phraya, pronounced [mɛ̂ːnáːm tɕâːw pʰráʔjaː] (About this soundlisten) or [tɕâːw pʰrajaː) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country. It flows through Bangkok and then into the Gulf of Thailand.
ETYMOLOGY
On many old European maps, the river is named the Menam or Mae Nam (Thai: แม่น้ำ), which is simply the Thai word for "river". James McCarthy, F.R.G.S., who served as Director-General of the Siamese Government Surveys prior to establishment of the Royal Survey Department, wrote in his account, "Me Nam is a generic term, me signifying "mother" and Nam "water," and the epithet Chao P'ia signifies that it is the chief river in the kingdom of Siam."
H. Warington Smyth, who served as Director of the Department of Mines in Siam from 1891 to 1896, refers to it in his book first published in 1898 as "the Me Nam Chao Phraya".
In the English-language media in Thailand, the name Chao Phraya River is often translated as river of kings.
GEOGRAPHY
The Chao Phraya begins at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers at Nakhon Sawan (also called Pak Nam Pho) in Nakhon Sawan Province. After this it flows south for 372 kilometres from the central plains to Bangkok and the Gulf of Thailand. In Chai Nat, the river then splits into the main course and the Tha Chin River, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits in the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat Dam, there are many small canals (khlong) which split off from the main river. The khlongs are used for the irrigation of the region's rice paddies.
The rough coordinates of the river are 13 N, 100 E. This area has a wet monsoon climate, with over 1,400 millimetres (55 in) of rainfall per year. Temperatures range from 24 to 33 °C in Bangkok.
RIVER ENGENEERING
The lower Chao Phraya underwent several man-made modifications during the Ayutthaya period. Several shortcut canals were constructed to bypass large loops in the river, shortening the trip from the capital city to the sea. The course of the river has since changed to follow many of these canals.
In 1538, Thailand's first river engineering of a 3 km long canal was dug at the order of King Chairachathirat. It was called "Khlong Lat", and today forms a part of Khlong Bangkok Noi. It shortened the route by 13–14 km for ships from the Gulf of Siam to the then-capital city, Ayutthaya.
In 1542, a two kilometer-long canal, "Khlong Lat Bangkok", was completed. The Chao Phraya then diverted along the new canal, its old course becoming part of Khlong Bangkok Noi and Khlong Bangkok Yai. It is said to have shortened the river route by 14 km).
In 1608, a seven kilometer-long "Khlong Bang Phrao" canal was completed and has shortened the Chao Phraya's original route by 18 km.
In 1636, the "Khlong Lat Mueang Nonthaburi" was completed.
In 1722, the two kilometre long "Khlong Lat Kret Noi" shortened the Chao Phraya by 7 km. This route formed the island of Ko Kret.
RIVER SETTLEMENTS
Cities along the Chao Phraya include, from north to south, Nakhon Sawan Province, Uthai Thani Province, Chai Nat Province, Sing Buri Province, Ang Thong Province, Ayutthaya Province, Pathum Thani Province, Nonthaburi Province, Bangkok, and Samut Prakan Province. These cities are among the most historically significant and densely populated settlements of Thailand due to their access to the waterway.
TRANSPORTATION
Major bridges cross the Chao Phraya in Bangkok: the Rama VI railroad bridge; Phra Pin-klao near the Grand Palace; Rama VIII, a single tower asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge; Rama IX, a semi-symmetric cable-stayed bridge; and Mega Bridge, on the Industrial Ring Road.
In Bangkok, the Chao Phraya is a major transportation artery for a network of river buses, cross-river ferries, and water taxis ("longtails"). More than 15 boat lines operate on the rivers and canals of the city, including commuter lines.
TRIBUTARIES
The principal tributaries of the Chao Phraya River are the Pa Sak River, the Sakae Krang River, the Nan River (along with its principal confluent the Yom River), the Ping River (with its principal confluent, the Wang River), and the Tha Chin River. Each of these tributaries (and the Chao Phraya itself) is augmented by minor tributaries referred to as khwae. All of the tributaries, including the lesser khwae, form an extensive tree-like pattern, with branches flowing through nearly every province in central and northern Thailand. None of the tributaries of the Chao Phraya extend beyond the nation's borders. The Nan and the Yom River flow nearly parallel from Phitsanulok to Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan Province. The Wang River enters the Ping River near Sam Ngao district in Tak Province.
LENGTH
When measured from the most commonly accepted source which the confluence of the Ping and Nan River in Nakhon Sawan, it measures 372 km. However, when measured from the longest source which is the origin point of the Nan River in the Luang Prabang Range, it measures 1,112 km.
CHAO PHRAYA WATERSHED
The expanse of the Chao Phraya River and its tributaries, i.e., the Chao Phraya river system, together with the land upon which falling rain drains into these bodies of water, form the Chao Phraya watershed.
The Chao Phraya watershed is the largest watershed in Thailand, covering approximately 35 percent of the nation's land, and draining an area of 157,924 square kilometres.
The watershed is divided into the following basins:
Pa Sak Basin
Sakae Krang Basin
Greater Nan Basin (composed of the Nan Basin and the Yom Basin, and usually divided as such in drainage analyses)
Greater Ping Basin (composed of the Ping Basin and the Wang Basin, and usually divided as such in drainage analyses)
Tha Chin Basin (the basin of the Chao Phraya's most significant distributaries)
Finally the Chao Phraya Basin itself is defined as the portion of the Chao Phraya watershed drained by the Chao Phraya River itself, and not by its major tributaries or distributaries. As such, the Chao Phraya Basin drains 20,126 square kilometres of land.
To the west, the central plain of Thailand is drained by the Mae Klong and the east by the Bang Pakong River. They are not part of the Chao Praya system.
The landscape of the river basins is a very wide, flat, well-watered plain continuously refreshed with soil and sediment brought down by the rivers. The lower central plain from the delta north to Ang Thong Province is a flat, low area with an average of two metres above sea level. Further north and into the plains of the Ping and the Nan the elevation is over 20 m. Then the mountains that are the natural boundary of the Chao Praya watershed form a divide, which has, to some degree, historically isolated Thailand from other Southeast Asian civilisations. In northern Thailand the divide roughly corresponds to a long section of the political border of the country today. Southern portions of the divide's boundary correspond less to the nation's political border, because isolation in this area was prevented by the ease of transportation along the lowlands surrounding the Gulf of Thailand, allowing a unified Thai civilisation to extend beyond the watershed without issue. The slightly higher northern plains have been farmed for centuries and saw a major change from the 13th century during the Sukhothai Kingdom in the 13th and 14th centuries and the Ayutthaya Kingdom that succeeded it when rice growing intensified with the introduction of floating rice, a much faster-growing strain of rice from Bengal. The southern swamps meanwhile changed radically from the 18th century when King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke moved the capital of Siam to Bangkok, and a process of canalisation and cultivation began, especially as Thailand began to export rice from 1855.
DELTA
The Tha Chin River is the major distributary of the Chao Phraya River. The expanse of the Chao Phraya and Tha Chin Rivers and their distributaries, starting at the point at which the distributaries diverge, together with the land amid the triangle formed by the outermost and innermost distributary, form the Chao Phraya delta. The many distributaries of the Chao Phraya delta are interconnected by canals that serve both for irrigation and for transportation.
ECOLOGY
The lowland areas of the Chao Phraya watershed in central Thailand have been designated as the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests, a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion, an area about 400 km north to south and 180 km wide.
The original swamp forests have almost entirely been removed as the plain has been converted to rice paddies, other agriculture, and urban areas like Bangkok. Much of the wildlife that once inhabited these plains has disappeared, including a large number of fish in the river systems, birds such as vultures, the Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster), white-eyed river martin (Pseudochelidon sirintarae), the sarus crane (Grus antigone) and animals such as tigers, Asian elephants, Javan rhinoceroses, and the much-hunted Schomburgk's deer. Today we can only guess at the original habitat and wildlife by comparing it with neighbouring countries. It is believed that the area would have consisted of freshwater swamps inland and salty mangroves on the coast and the river estuaries. The swamp would have been covered in Phragmites marsh grasses. Today there is a small area of this remaining in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, a relic of the original landscape.
As so much has been cleared or altered the potential for creating large protected areas to preserve original habitat no longer exists. However much wildlife does remain in the rice fields and steps may be taken to preserve these as urban and industrial development on the plains is ongoing and the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand has very little control or planning over this. Particular threats come from the conversion of rice paddies to large-scale production of prawns by pumping in seawater, and the use of pesticides to eliminate the introduced snail,Pomacea canaliculata, which damages rice plants.
There are populations of threatened birds, including colonies of breeding water birds such as the world's largest populations of the near-threatened Asian openbill (Anastomus oscitans), and other birds such as the wintering black kite (Milvus migrans). Endemic mammals that remain are the limestone rat (Niviventer hinpoon), Neill's long-tailed giant rat (Leopoldamys neilli), and the near-endemic Thailand roundleaf bat (Hipposideros halophyllus).
FISH
The Chao Phraya basin is home to about half a dozen endemic dragonflies and damselflies. The conservation status of most of these in unclear (they are rated as data deficient by the IUCN), but Cryptophaea saukra is critically endangered and Caliphaea angka is endangered.There are few areas of wetland protected as national parks, but these are mostly very small. The Chao Phraya basin is home to around 280 species of fish, including about 30 endemics. By far the most diverse family is Cyprinidae with 108 species. The mainstream of the Chao Phraya River has about 190 native fish species. In general, the aquatic fauna of Chao Phraya and Mae Klong show clear similarities, and they are sometimes combined in a single ecoregion with 328 fish species. Despite their similarities, there are also differences between the aquatic fauna of Chao Phraya and Mae Klong; the latter (but not the former) is home to a few taxa otherwise only known in major Burmese rivers: the Irrawaddy, Salween, and Tenasserim. The aquatic fauna in Chao Phraya–Mae Klong also show clear similarities with that of the middle Mekong (the lower Mekong fauna more closely resembles that of the eastern Malay Peninsula). It is believed that the upper Mekong was connected to Chao Phraya (rather than present-day lower Mekong) until the Quaternary, which explains the similarities in their river faunas. This included the Nan River basin, a tributary of the Chao Phraya, which is home to a number of taxa (for example, Ambastaia nigrolineata and Sectoria) otherwise only known from Mekong. Of the fish species known from the Chao Phraya–Mae Klong, only about 50 are absent from the Mekong.
There has been extensive habitat destruction (pollution, dams, and drainage for irrigation) in the Chao Phraya basin and overfishing also presents a problem. Within mainland Southeast Asia, the only freshwater region with similar high levels of threat is the lower Mekong. It has been estimated that only around 30 native fish species still are able to reproduce in the mainstream of the Chao Phraya River.[18]
The catfish Platytropius siamensis is endemic to Chao Phraya and Bang Pakong, but has not been recorded since the 1970s and is considered extinct. Recent records of the near-endemic cyprinid Balantiocheilos ambusticauda are also lacking and it is possibly extinct. Three of the largest freshwater fish in the world are native to the river, but these are all seriously threatened: the critically endangered giant barb (wild populations have been extirpated from Chao Phraya, but remain elsewhere), critically endangered giant pangasius, and endangered giant freshwater stingray. The critically endangered red-tailed black shark, a small colourful cyprinid that is endemic to Chao Phraya, is commonly seen in the aquarium trade where it is bred in large numbers, but the only remaining wild population is at a single location that covers less than 10 km2. The endangered dwarf loach, another species bred in large numbers for the aquarium trade, has been extirpated from most of its range in Chao Phraya. The critically endangered Siamese tigerfish has been entirely exirpated from Chao Phraya and Mae Klong, but small populations remain in the Mekong basin.
Many other species that either are prominent in the aquarium trade or important food fish are native to the Chao Phraya basin, such as the climbing perch, blue panchax, Asian bumblebee catfish, giant snakehead, striped snakehead, walking catfish, banded loach, several Yasuhikotakia loaches, tinfoil barb, Siamese algae eater, silver barb, pearl danio, rainbow shark, Hampala barb, black sharkminnow, Leptobarbus rubripinna, long pectoral-fin minnow, bonylip barb, Jullien's golden carp, blackline rasbora, scissortail rasbora, Tor tambroides, finescale tigerfish, marble goby, Chinese algae eater, giant featherback, clown featherback, giant gourami, several Trichopodus gouramis, iridescent shark, several Pangasius, Belodontichthys truncatus, several Phalacronotus sheatfish, several Wallago catfish, largescale archerfish, smallscale archerfish, and wrestling halfbeak.
POLLUTION
The Thai Pollution Control Department (PCD) reports that the water quality of major rivers flowing into the upper Gulf of Thailand has seriously deteriorated in the past decade. The department found the lower Chao Phraya contains bacteria and nutrient pollution from phosphates, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Nutrient pollution causes algae to grow faster than ecosystems can handle, harming water quality, food resources for aquatic animals, and marine habitats. It also decreases the oxygen that fish need to survive. PCD rated water quality at the mouth of Chao Phraya at Bangkok's Bang Khun Thian District as "very poor", worse than in 2014. PCD findings indicated large amounts of wastewater were discharged into the river from households, industry, and agriculture.
WIKIPEDIA
Kota is in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan. It is located on the south-eastern side of the state. The Chambal river flows through the town, because of which the place is unlike the arid climate prevalent in the state.
HISTORY
The history of the city dates back to the 12th century A.D. when the Hada Chieftain, Rao Deva, conquered the territory and founded Bundi and Hadoti. Later, in the early 17th century AD during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, the ruler of Bundi -Rao Ratan Singh, gave the smaller principality of Kota to his son, Madho Singh. Since then Kota became a hallmark of the Rajput gallantry and culture. The south eastern region of Rajasthan known as Hadoti comprises of Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar and Kota is a treasure of history dating back to several centuries. Prehistoric caves, paintings, formidable forts and the mighty chambal river hurtling from the Vindhyas are dotted in the region. When Jait Singh of Bundi defeated the Bhil Chieftain Koteya in a battle, he raised the first battlement or the 'Garh'(fort) over his severead head. The Independant state of Kota became a reality in 1631 when Rao Madho Singh, the second son of Rao Ratan of Bundi was made the ruler, by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Soon Kota outgrew its parent state to become bigger in area, richer in revenue and more powerful. Maharao Bhim Singh played a pivotal role in Kota's history, having held a 'Mansab' of five thousand and being the first in his dynasty to have the title of Maharao.
Kota is situated on the banks of chambal river and is fastly emerging as an important industrial centre. It boasts of Asia's largest fertilizer plant (CFCL), precision instrument unit and atomic power station nearby. Surprisingly unexplored, the Kota region of Rajasthan has some splendid treasures for the tourist to take home memories of. Its impregnable fortresses, sprawling palaces, exquisitely wrought palaces and lovely waterways act as a magnificent foil to its exotic wildlife and delicate fresco Paintings.
Situated on the banks of the Chambal River,at an important juncture of the trade route between Delhi and Gujrat, Kota is Rajasthan's third Largest City with Polulation of 1,001,365. This Bustling, sprawling city is also called the industrial capital of the state. The tentacles of the modern world have the city in its grip with the Chambal Valley Project giving it a major position on the state's industrial map. Chemicals, fertilizers, synthetic fibres, tyrecord and sophisticated instruments, industry's mainstay, have helped in pushing this ancient city into the forefront of modernisation. Yet memories of its ancient links linger strongly. Present Day Kota owes its foundations to a Kotya Bhil warrior who 800 years ago built a small fortification at akelgarh and put up a protective mud-wall around it all the way to Retwali. In 1580, Rao Madho Singh strenghtened both the fortification and the wall. In time to come, Kota acquired the Hallmark of rajput power as well as culture.
CLIMATE
Kota has a mix of hot and pleasant climate. Summers start from March and last till June. The season is very hot with maximum temperature is between 32 °C to 45 °C. it is better to avoid the city at this time of the year. From July to September is the monsoon season. The city gets adequate rain during this season. The season is humid and temperate. Winters prevails from October to February. The season is very cool and the temperature ranges between 8 to 31 degrees Celsius. It is the best season to visit Kota.
SEE
- Garh Palace (in city) - This palace has one of the biggest fort complexes in the State of Rajasthan. City Fort Palace in Kota has rugged bastion and ramparts, which is adorned with delicate domes as well as balustrades. The Hathi Pol is this fort's beautiful entrance.
- Jag Mandir - Right in the center of the artificial Kishore Sagar tank stands the beautiful red sandstone monument, Jagmandir. Great architecture and location amidst waterplace which looks nice. The new 7 wonders park makes the visit more beautiful and amazing. The lighting at park and the concept adds beauty. Tank had a floating fountain screen with plays on Musical theme.
- Kota Barrage - A dam as part of the irrigation canal system on the river Chambal, this is a popular spot especially when the flood gates are let open to allow extra water to flow off.
- Maharao Madho SIngh Museum - Named after Kota's first ruler, the museum has a spell-binding collection of miniature paintings, armory and sculptures. The fresco paintings inside are fine and worthy to be visited. It remains closed on Fridays.
- Chambal Garden - This garden stretches along the banks of the river Chambal upsream of Kota Baraj. It houses a pond with rare gharial and crocodiles, which can be crossed via a teetering suspension bridge. It also has enclosures for birds, rabbits and such. Vast area has been covered to make it nice place for Picnic/family/friendship gathering etc. People can enjoy by playing some group games etc. Right next to it is the unique Yatayat(traffic) park. It is a theme park; with miniature flyovers, speedbreakers, tunnels, buildings and such all used to showcase traffic rules.
- Seven Wonder Park - This park houses the famous wonders of the world in miniature form. Situated in Ballabhbari, bordering Sarovar, Seven Wonders of the world are being raised in a single park in Kota. A single visit to this park will give you a glimpse of the Seven Wonders of the world at one place. Replicas of Seven Wonder in Kota (Rajasthan)1. Taj Mahal. 2. Great Pyramid of Giza 3. Brazil's Christ the Redeemer. 4. Eiffel Tower of Paris. 5. Leaning Tower of Pisa 6. New York's Statue of Liberty 7. Rome's Colosseum.
- Khade Ganesh Ji Temple - Its ganesh temple situated in the south part of the city. The thing make this place famous is that this sort of temple where GANESH is standing is nowhere else in India. you can also visit Rangbadi Balaji temple on the way.
- City Mall - Situated on Jhalawar Road (NH-12), It has many showrooms such as BIBA, Fahrenheit, Gini & Jonny, Lee, Levi's, Monte carlo, Pepe Jeans, Tantra, US Polo & Benetton. It had food court, Mc Donalds, Cafe Coffee Day, Baskin-Robbins, etc. for refreshment. It also had Fun Cinema (Zee Group) for entertainment.
- Karneshawar Temple - A Shiv Temple, situated on Jhalawar Road (NH-12).
- Godawari Dham - It is a Hanuman temple at few km from Chambal garden.
- Aalnia Dam (25 km) Beautiful rock paintings adorn the bank of the River Alaniya.
- Mukundara Tiger Reserve (40 Km) - Tigers will be relocated from Ranthambore reserve so as to provide optimum space to the big cats in future. It had a core area of 417 sq km and a buffer zone covering 342.82 sq km.
- Sawan Phuhar Waterpark - Being Hadoti's only waterpark ,this place is a good attraction for people from all age groups.Besides Housing 5 fibreglass sides ,a water playground & the city's Biggest Pool it also has a Fastfood bistro named 'RIPPLES
- Haryali Resort cum Restaurant - Its a resort with a Rajasthani setting.Being Kota's first Resort,it offers a diverse range of cuisines. Its Sizzlers are the best!!
- Garadia Mahadev Temple - One can see the Grand View of River Chambal. Situated on Dabi Road (NH-76) this site has an view of little wild. It had great scenic beauty . This site looks great in Monsoon . A good Picnic Spot.
- Kansua Temple - This is one of the most beautiful and oldest temple of Kota. Even Archeological Department has endorsed this site. It also had a small Pond. The temple of Lord Shiva is said to be build by Pandavas during their exile. Gardens are well maintained and the inner area of the temple is very well maintained.
- Mathuradheesh Mandir - This is one of the oldest Temple of Lord Krishna, know as Mathradish ji. Situated at Nandgram near Patanpole . This temple has same significance as Shriath Ji (Nathdwara).
Sawan Panthaisong a food Vendor at Sukhumvit Soi 20, Bangkok. Thailand.
Photo: UN Women/Ploy Phutpheng
Jhoomta sawan dekho aaya | Lucky Restaurant, Bandra | Mumbai Monsoon | Mumbai, Maharashtra - India | Humayunn Niaz Ahmed Peerzaada
Shot with #iPhoneXSMax with #ShotOnMoment 18mm Wide Lens
Photographed 26 February 2017, Mae Wong National Park, Dawna Mountain Range, Amphoe Mae Wong, Chang Wat, Nakhon Sawan, Thailand
A lush garden, with shrubs and flowerbeds pruned in very many artistic shapes, surrounds the palace. Quite obviously; the art of topiary has been in existence in Orchha for centuries. The Mahal was built in honor of the ‘Nightingale of Orchha’, Rai Praveen, and the second floor is resplendent with scenes of Nritya Mudra, the poses and postures of Indian dance.
Rai Praveen was as well identified for her charming beauty as for her poetry and music. The paramour of Indrajit Singh, in whose court she performed, her fame inevitably spread far and wide and finally reached the Imperial Court of Akbar. The Mughal emperor was smitten by her, and he arrogantly summoned her to his durbar. Indrajit Singh, Rai Parveen’s paramour, was too weak-kneed a ruler to defy the Imperial summons. Touched by her loyalty, Akbar decided to restore her to Orchha with both her dignity and that of her kingdom intact. The palace is now a fitting memorial to this lady.
The Orchha Fort complex, which houses a large number of ancient monuments consisting of the fort, palaces, temple and other edifices, is located in the Orchha town in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The fort and other structures within it were built by the Bundela Rajputs starting from early 16th century by King Rudra Pratap Singh of the Orchha State and others who followed him.
The fort complex, which is accessed from an arched causeway, leads to a large gateway. This is followed by a large quadrangular open yard surrounded by palaces. These are Raja Mahal or Raja Mandir, Sheesh Mahal, Jahangir Mahal, a temple, gardens and pavilions. The battlements of the fort have ornamentation. Notable architectural features in the fort complex are projected balconies, open flat areas and decorated latticed windows.
LOCATION
The fort complex is located in the Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh in the erstwhile state of Orchha. The fort complex is within an island formed by the confluence of the Betwa River and Jamni River in Orchha town. Approach to the complex from the eastern part of the market in the town is through a multiple arched bridge with 14 arches built in granite stones.
Orchha town is approximately 80 kilometres away from Tikamgarh town, which is the district headquarters of the district of the same name. Jhansi town is 15 kilometres away. Orchha is a railway station of the Central Railway on the Jhansi-Manikpur section.
HISTORY
The fort was built following the founding of the Orchha State in 1501 AD by Rudra Pratap Singh (r. 1501–1531), a Bundela rajput. The palaces and temples within the fort complex were built over a period of time by successive Maharajas of the Orchha State. Of these, the Raja Mandir or Raja Mahal was built by Madhukar Shah who ruled from 1554 to 1591. Jahangir Mahal and Sawan Bhadon Mahal were built during the reign of Vir Singh Deo (r. 1605–1627). The features of "pepper pots and domes" seen in the fort complex are believed to have inspired Lutyens in the architecture of the structures which he built in New Delhi.
MONUMENTS
The fort complex, accessed from an arched causeway, leads to a large gateway followed by a large quadrangular open space which is surrounded by palaces such as Raja Mahal or Raja Mandir, Sheesh Mahal, Jahangir Mahal, a temple, gardens and pavilions. The fort walls have battlements, which have ornamentation. Notable architectural features seen in the fort complex consist of projected balconies, open flat areas and decorated latticed windows.
RAJA MAHAL
The Raja Mahal (King’s Palace), where the kings and the queens had resided till it was abandoned in 1783, was built in the early part of 16th century. Its exterior is simple without any embellishments but the interior chambers of the palace are elaborately royal in its architectural design, decorated with murals of social and religious themes of gods, mythical animals and people. In the upper floor of the palace there are traces of mirrors in the ceilings and walls. Its windows, arcaded passages and layout plan are designed in such a way that the "sunlight and shadow create areas of different moods and temperatures throughout the day". The interior walls of the Mahal have murals of Lord Vishnu. The Mahal has several secret passages.
A part of this Mahal was converted into a temple and named Rama Raja Temple in honour of the god Rama. There is legend associated with naming it as a temple. According to a local legend, the temple was built following Rani Ganeshkuwari, the queen getting a "dream visitation" by Lord Rama directing her to build a temple for Him; while Madhukar Shah was a devotee of Krishna, his wife's dedication was to Rama. Following this a new temple known as the Chaturbuj Temple was approved to be built, and the queen went to Ayodhya to obtain an image of Lord Rama that was to be enshrined in her new temple. When she came back from Ayodhya with the image of Rama, initially she kept the idol in her palace as the Chaturbuj Temple was still under construction. She was, however, unaware of an injunction that the image to be deified in a temple could not be kept in a palace. Once the temple construction was completed and the idol of the lord had to be moved for installation at the Chatrubhuj Temple, it refused to be shifted from the palace. Hence, instead of the Chaturbhuj Temple, the Rama's idol remained in the palace where as the Chaturbhuj Temple remained without an idol in its sanctum. As Rama was worshipped in the palace, part of the palace was converted into the Rama Raja Temple; it is the only shrine in the country where Rama is worshipped as a King. The temple is guarded by a police force and the deity, Lord Rama, is considered as the king and is given a gun salute of honour every day.
SHEESH MAHAL
Sheesh Mahal is flanked on either side by the Raja Mahal and the Jahangir Mahal. This has royal accommodation, which was built for king Udait Singh. It has now been converted into a hotel. The interior of this edifice consists of a huge impressive hall with high ceiling, which is the dining hall. Its recent colour scheme renovations are an eyesore. But staying in two of its royal suites on the upper floor, which provide scenic views of the town, gives the guest a feeling of royalty.
JAHANGIR MAHAL
Jahangir Mahal is a palace that was exclusively built by Bir Singh Deo in 1605 to humor the Mughal emperor Jahangir who was a guest of the Maharaja for one night only. The palace is built in four levels with elegant architectural features of both Muslim and Rajput architecture. Its layout is a symmetrical square built in the inner courtyard of the fort and has eight large domes. It has a plethora of rooms with arcaded openings, projecting platforms and windows with lattice design work. The roof above top floor of this Mahal is accessed through a steep stairway. It provides picture perfect views of the temples and the Betwa River outside the fort complex. The palace also houses a small archaeological museum.
The entrance gate from this palace, which was earlier the main gate and which has carved ornamentation, leads to the royal baths and then to an elegant small dwelling unit built within a garden in typical Mughal architectural style; this had been built exclusively for Rai Parveen, the female escort of the Raja Indramani (1672 – 76); her large-size portrait in a revealing and seductive attire adorns hall in this Mahal. She was a poet and musician. The building is a double storied structure built with bricks, rising to the height of the trees in the well tended garden called Anand Mahal. The garden is laid out with octagonal flower beds and has good network of water supply. There are niches in the Mahal which permit natural light to the main hall and smaller rooms.
It is said that Emperor Akbar (r. 1556 – 1605) who was enamored by Parveen's beauty had taken her to his palace in Agra to be his courtesan. But Parveen, who wanted to get out of the situation, composed a gazal or a couplet which stated her status as an already used woman not fit for an emperor, which enabled her to get release from Akbar's court and return to Orchha.
PHOOL BAGH
Phool Bagh is an elegantly laid out garden in the fort complex which has a line of water fountains that terminates in a "palace-pavilion" which has eight pillars. Below this garden is an underground structure which was used by the royalty as a cool summer retreat. This cooling system consists of water ventilation system that is linked to an underground palace with "Chandan Katora", which is in the shape of a bowl from where fountains of droplets trickle through the roof creating rainfall.
WIKIPEDIA
Thai Airways
Boeing B777-2D7/ER
Reg : HS-TJR
Named : Nakhon Sawan "นครสวรรค์"
At Bangkok Suvarnabhumi
26.12.2015
Phetchabun is one of the northern provinces ( Changwat ) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are Loei, Khon Kaen, Chaiyaphum, Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan, Phichit and Phitsanulok. Phetchabun is located in the lower northern region of Thailand, in the area between the northern and the central region. The province lies in the broad fertile river valley of the Pa Sak River, with mountains of the Phetchabun mountain range to the east and west. It is surrounded by places of interest, many well known national parks, beautiful waterfalls and great lakes. The province is subdivided in 11 districts ( Amphoe ). These are further subdivided into 117 sub districts ( Tambon ) and 1261 villages ( Muban ).
1. Mueang Phetchabun 2. Chon Daen 3. Lom Sak 4. Lom Kao 5. Wichian Buri 6. Si Thep 7. Nong Phai 8. Bueng Sam Phan 9. Nam Nao 10. Wang Pong 11. Khao Kho
Phetchabun was established by two kingdoms: the Sukhothai Kingdom, and the Ayutthaya Period of the King Narai. In the thesaphiban administrative reforms at the beginning of the 20th century, the province together with Lom Sak Province to the north formed the monthon Phetchabun. As it was the smallest monthon, it was also the first monthon to be dissolved in 1915, after being temporarily administered from Monthon Phitsanulok between 1903 and 1907. Lom Sak Province was abolished and merged into Phetchabun in 1932. During the period between 1968-1982 communist insurgents established bases in the mountains in the province. From hidden locations they fought occasional skirmishes against the Thai Army.
It is the mountains that draw tourists. The rolling peaks of Khao Thor, known as Little Switzerland, were once a battlefield against communist insurgents. Today, its beautiful scenery and cool weather attracts many visitors, to see the mountain-top army base turned into a museum, and enjoy trekking in the open zoo and non-hunting areas. The national parks of Phu Hin Rong Kla, with its stunning rock formations, and Nam Nao, whose forests are home to many large animals and birds, are now starting to attract more and more trekkers and eco tourists. Khao Kho The most engaging national park of Phetchabun Province is Khao Kho National Park, about one hour northwest of Phetchabun town. It was designated to be Little Switzerland from many visitors, because of beautiful scenery and cool weather like Switzerland. It was once a battle field against communist insurgents conducted their struggles against the authorities. Its charming scenery and great weather allure tourists to see the mountain – top, army base turned into a museum, a Chedi containing a holy relic and enjoy trekking in the open zoo and non – hunting areas.
Phetchabun may be reach by Road No.21 ( Kochasenee Rd.) from Saraburi and 370 kilometres from Bangkok.
How to get there
By Train
There is no railway system to Phetchabun
By Car
Road No.1 from capital city ( Bangkok ) to Saraburi province and then Road No.21 to Phetchabun road No.12 from Khon kaen ( central province of the northeastern region ) to Lom Sak and then Road 21. southward to Phetchabun.
By Bus.
Quite a lot of buses stop at this town on the way to Lom Sak. Here are some services you can find from Mo chit Terminal: www.transport.co.th 0 2936 2852-66
Phet Tour 0 2936 3230
Thin Siam Tour 0 2936 0500Buses are very frequent, like 2 or 3 within an hour. First Class service from Phet Tour cost 263 Baht and takes 4 hour+.
Wat Mahathat Phetchabun, Thailand. on Nikon Bamrung Road in town, houses several ancient Chedi's of Sukhothai style. Situated in Muang Phetchabun municipality. It seemed strange seeing this Temple as there is another Wat Mahathat I visited in Ayutthaya last year in 2010. However this Temple is totally different to that at Ayutthaya as you will see. Within the grounds is a school for the training of Buddhist Monks and many where around the day I visited this fine Temple. This monastery is an ancient temple which HRH Prince Damrong presumed that this monastery might be constructed during Sukhothai period. Wat Mahathat has the important objects of worship such as, Phum Khao Binth styled pagoda has been presumed that it might be constructed about B.E. 1926 ( 1383 ). This pagoda is a place that comprises Buddha's relics, Orrahan's ( saint ) ashes, and small images of Buddha in several styles. Two Buddha images of the U-Thong period whose laps are 36 inches wide. One is housed in the main chapel and the other is housed in the vihara of Wat Mahathat.
2017 Photograph, Wat Tham Khuha Sawan Buddha Image Shrine T.Khong Chiam, Khong Chiam, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, © 2019.
ภาพถ่าย ๒๕๖๐ วัดภ้ำคูหาสวรรค์ ที่บูชาพระพุทธรูป ต.โขงเจียม อ.โขงเจียม จ.อุบลราชธานี ประเทศไทย
Wat Tham Khuha Sawan, Tambon Khong Chiam, Khong Chiam District, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
วัดภ้ำคูหาสวรรค์ ต.โขงเจียม อ.โขงเจียม จ.อุบลราชธานี ประเทศไทย