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Rome wasn't built in a day and you'll need much more than a day to take in this timeless city. The city is a real-life collage of piazzas, open-air markets, and astonishing historic sites.
Rome is the capital of Italy and the largest and most populous city in the country. It covers an area of 1,285 square kilometres and has nearly 3 million residents.
Erected during the fourth century AD, the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls (Basilica di San Paolo Fuori le Mura) is one of the four major basilicas of Rome, and the second largest after St. Peter's Basilica. It was founded on the burial ground of St. Paul.
Vatican City (/'væt?k?n/ (listen)), officially Vatican City State (Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano; Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is an independent city-state[9] enclaved within Rome, Italy. Established with the Lateran Treaty (1929), it is distinct from, yet under "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction" of the Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes). With an area of 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of about 1,000, it is the smallest sovereign state in the world by both area and population.
The Vatican City is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state (a type of theocracy) ruled by the pope who is the bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church. The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergy of various national origins. Since the return of the popes from Avignon in 1377, they have generally resided at the Apostolic Palace within what is now Vatican City, although at times residing instead in the Quirinal Palace in Rome or elsewhere.
The Holy See dates back to early Christianity, and is the primate episcopal see of the Catholic Church, with 1.3 billion Catholics around the world distributed in the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches. The independent Vatican City-state, on the other hand, came into existence on 11 February 1929 by the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy, which spoke of it as a new creation, not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States (756–1870), which had previously encompassed much of central Italy.
Within the Vatican City are religious and cultural sites such as St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel and the Vatican Museums. They feature some of the world's most famous paintings and sculptures. The unique economy of Vatican City is supported financially by the sale of postage stamps and souvenirs, fees for admission to museums, and sales of publications.
The name "Vatican" was already in use in the time of the Roman Republic for a marshy area on the west bank of the Tiber across from the city of Rome. Under the Roman Empire, many villas were constructed there, after Agrippina the Elder (14 BC – 18 October AD 33) drained the area and laid out her gardens in the early 1st century AD. In AD 40, her son, Emperor Caligula (31 August AD 12–24 January AD 41; r. 37–41) built in her gardens a circus for charioteers (AD 40) that was later completed by Nero, the Circus Gaii et Neronis,[17] usually called, simply, the Circus of Nero.
Even before the arrival of Christianity, it is supposed that this originally uninhabited part of Rome (the ager vaticanus) had long been considered sacred, or at least not available for habitation.[citation needed] A shrine dedicated to the Phrygian goddess Cybele and her consort Attis remained active long after the Constantinian Basilica of St. Peter was built nearby.
The particularly low quality of Vatican water, even after the reclamation of the area, was commented on by the poet Martial (40 – between 102 and 104 AD). Tacitus wrote, that in AD 69, the Year of the Four Emperors, when the northern army that brought Vitellius to power arrived in Rome, "a large proportion camped in the unhealthy districts of the Vatican, which resulted in many deaths among the common soldiery; and the Tiber being close by, the inability of the Gauls and Germans to bear the heat and the consequent greed with which they drank from the stream weakened their bodies, which were already an easy prey to disease".
The Vatican Obelisk was originally taken by Caligula from Heliopolis in Egypt to decorate the spina of his circus and is thus its last visible remnant.[22] This area became the site of martyrdom of many Christians after the Great Fire of Rome in AD 64. Ancient tradition holds that it was in this circus that Saint Peter was crucified upside-down.
Opposite the circus was a cemetery separated by the Via Cornelia. Funeral monuments and mausoleums and small tombs as well as altars to pagan gods of all kinds of polytheistic religions were constructed lasting until before the construction of the Constantinian Basilica of St. Peter's in the first half of the 4th century. Remains of this ancient necropolis were brought to light sporadically during renovations by various popes throughout the centuries, increasing in frequency during the Renaissance until it was systematically excavated by orders of Pope Pius XII from 1939 to 1941. The Constantinian basilica was built in 326 over what was believed to be the tomb of Saint Peter, buried in that cemetery.
From then on, the area became more populated in connection with activity at the basilica. A palace was constructed nearby as early as the 5th century during the pontificate of Pope Symmachus (reigned 498–514).[25]
Pan pulling a thorn from the foot of a Satyr;
Roman copy of an original of the late 2nd or early ist century AD
Musei Vaticani, particella #4
Me playing Rome Total War against the computer in very hard difficulty totally outnumbered.The game artificial intelligence is pretty dumb compared to any human but it is good fun.
The replays have a habit of turning a massive win into a clear defeat though.
I would say this is is a victory.I'm fighting against the gauls here as macedonians who have very good cavalry.You group them altogether and they are pretty much unstoppable and create mayhem. Don't run them into spears though!
Unresolved my arse.PS its a great game and cheap too!
Rome 20120309. Santa Prassede (822 AD). In the apse mosaic, St Peter presents Santa Pudentia, Santa Prassede's sister, to Christ.
Site of Stadium of Domitian. Ancient Rome Historic Center, Rome, Italy. Complete indexed photo collection at WorldHistoryPics.com.
So here we are, on the road again, and I hadn't sorted out the Sony A6000 to Snapseed interfaces.
I shoot RAW and my image transfers from this trip look meh. After 4 weeks it finally occurred to me to look at the file size. Lo and behold, thumbnail jpgs were transferred. Ugh.
This is why my cellphone images look sharp on Flickr and the A6000 images do not.
I tested shooting RAW + JPG and the good, full Rez JPG does transfer. Lesson learned.
Next thing is image processing.
I read about how Norman Seeff used to print high contrast works with a twist. He used a black stocking between the enlarger lens and paper to give a interesting softness to some of his images.
He wasn't by any means the only one to do this.
When I worked at Samy Cameras photo lab on Sunset Blvd in Hollyweird we used to do this at client request. It was really no big deal.
What was a bigger deal was our use of Agfa Portriga Rapid 111 Glossy paper. It gave a gorgeous deep walnut brown tone. We used this for may of the gallery shows we printed for various then famous photographers.
Taking the black stocking idea and borrowing tones from Portriga Rapid, it turns out, expresses pretty well how I feel about Rome.
So, here is a series of images done in an old, outdated, likely not very hip manner.
Rome wasn't built in a day and you'll need much more than a day to take in this timeless city. The city is a real-life collage of piazzas, open-air markets, and astonishing historic sites.
Rome is the capital of Italy and the largest and most populous city in the country. It covers an area of 1,285 square kilometres and has nearly 3 million residents.
Most Visited Tourist Attractions In Rome , The Pantheon, Trevi Fountain, Roman Forum, Spanish steps, Piazza del Campidoglio, Castel Sant’Angelo, Vatican, St. Peter’s Basilica, Colosseum, piazza Venezia, piazza Navona, piazza Barberini, piazza della Rotonda, piazza della Minerva ,piazza del Popolo etc