W020400311 SEM DRIVE GEAR YJ37508-0-20

1 Hand brake lever assembly 5128767/1.67.206 1 10 O-sealing ring 23.47×2.62 14457780/14618 1

1.01 Retainer ring 14 GB/T894.1-1986 2 11 Special hexagon bolt M12×1.25×14 5118107/1.67.220 1

1.02 Pin, parking brake lever 4988275/1.67.208 1 12 Rectangular cross-section seal ring12×18×1.5 10298460/14607 1

1.03 Sector rack 5110153/1.67.225 1 13 Spring, lever, hand brake 5127295/1.67.273 1

1.04 Rivet, limit detent 4985127/1.67.227 1 14 Spiral spring pin 10×60 13917170/12215 1

1.05 Pin, limit detent SZ804.43.401 1 15 Outer clevis, hand brake 5125740/1.67.209 1

1.06 Limit detent, parking 5110155/1.67.223 1 16 Pin B8×40 GB 882-86 1

1.07 Retainer ring 6 GB/T894.1-1986 1 17 Washer 8-Zn.D GB/T848-2002 1

1.08 Control lever, limit detent 5128712/1.67.222 1 18 Retaining plate, cable, hand brake 5125735/1.67.271 1

1.09 Spring, button, handle 5105729/1.67.253 1 19 Bolt M12×1.25×25 GB 5786-87 2

1.1

Button assembly, handle, hand

brake

5131438/1.67.221 1 20 Washer 12-Zn.D GB/T93-1987 2

1.11 Handle 885128431/1.67.220 1 21 Shoe, parking brake 5122153/1.65.508 1

2 Bracket, lever, hand brake 5128389/1.67.249 1 22 Disc, parking brake 5118101/1.65.505 3

3 Washer 8-Zn.D GB/T7244-1987 4 23 Sector plate, parking brake 5118095/1.65.503A 2

4 Nut M8-Zn.D GB/T6170-2000 4 24 Inner sector plate, parking brake 5118100/1.65.504 3

5 Retaining plate unit 5125748/1.67.215 1 25 Screw M12×1.25×116, sector plate, parking brake 5123396/1.65.550 2

6 Pin, parking brake lever 8A5105280/1.67.242 1

7 Pin 3.2×18 GB/T91-2000 1

8 Control cable, hand brake SZ804.43C.013 1

9

Rocker shaft (inner), hand brake

control

5123852/1.67.224 1

1

Pedal assembly (LH), brake SZ804.43.031

1 4

Joystick (RH), master

cylinder, brake

Joystick (RH), master

cylinder, brake

1

1.1 Elastic cylindrical pin 5×22 GB/T879.1-2000 1 5 Locking nut M10×1.25 GB/T6173-2000 3

1.2

Bushing, shaft, pedal (LH),

brake

5110547/1.68.022A

1 6

Adjusting screw, pedal 4998727/1.68.031

3

1.3 Locking plate, pedal, brake 5106952/1.68.052 1 7 Retainer ring 17 GB/T894.1-1986 1

2 Pedal assembly (RH), brake SZ804.43.033 1 8 Welded brake pedal unit (LH) 4998760/1.68.035 1

3

Joystick (LH), master

cylinder, brake

4998721/1.68.023

1 9

Retainer ring 40 GB/T894.1-1986

1

Master cylinder assembly,

brake

8A4998964SZ/1.68.102 1 12.1

Housing, hydraulic pump,

brake

4999491SZ/1.68.104 1

1 O-sealing ring 26.64×2.62 14457980/14618 2 12.2 Bushing, shaft, pedal, brake (LH) 5110546/1.68.020A 1

2 Plug throttle valve M30×1.5 885103904/1.68.121 2 12.3 Bushing, shaft, pedal, brake (RH) 5110545/1.68.011A 1

3 Spring, throttle valve 4999311/1.68.118 2 13 Seal ring 884997684/1.68.125 2

4 Steel ball 6.35 GB 308-84 2 14 O-sealing ring 24.99×3.53 14463280/14168 2

5 Ball seat, throttle valve 4997676/1.68.117 2 15

Rectangular cross-section seal

ring 10×16×1

10298360/14607 1

6 Return spring, piston & pedal 5101715/1.68.110 2 16 Plug, oil passage, brake pump 881006801 1

7

Piston, master cylinder, brake

pump

4999443/1.68.108 1 17 Steel ball 12.7 GB 308-84 2

8 O-sealing ring 18.72×2.62 14457480/14618 2 18 Spring, compensation valve 4997678/1.68.119 2

9 Sping, check valve 4999488/1.68.113 2 19 O-sealing ring 17.12×2.62 14457380/14618 2

10 Check valve 884997674/1.68.112 2 20 Plug, compensation valve 4997680/1.68.119 2

11 Plug M22×1.5, check valve 5129893/1.68.123 2 21 Bolt M16×1.5×90 GB/T5785-2000 2

12

Housing with bushing & steel

ball, hydraulic pump, brake

4999492/1.68.104A 1 22 Washer 16-Zn.D GB/T97.1-2002 2 www.luseng.cc/products/w020400311-sem-drive-gear-yj37508-...

reppin

ewwww verrrry grainy yuck!

This photo is now available to purchase for commercial usage: ourdream.smugmug.com/Commercial/Orthodontics/

[For a Professional Wedding Photographer visit Our Dream Photography www.ourdreamphotography.com]

A trio of tugs from Cory Environmental, General VIII, with possibly Merit, and Retainer. Seen in the Thames off Charlton.

Gomez smiling - Addams Family by Charles Chas Addams cartoon cartoonist Eccentric holiday Evil creature monster Frankenstein like mask costume creatures vamp undead patchwork man monsters toy toys valet servant retainer manservant nanny domestic rubber alligator crocodile portrait mace doll Marie Antoinette John Astin NYC 2021

Akō Castle was home to thew Asano clan during the Edo Period (1603-1868).

Oishi Kuranosuke was the chief retainer of the Asano clan during the turmoil associated with the 47 Ronin incident, in which the feudal lord, Asano Naganori, attacked and wounded Kira Yoshinaka within Edo Castle. As drawing a weapon within the shogun's castle was a capital offence, Asano was sentenced to commit seppuku the same day.

As a result of Asano's impulsive behavior, the Shogunate disbanded the Asano clan and seized their lands. Oishi and 46 other former Asano retainers waited and unleashed their misguided revenge on Kira, attacking his home in the dead of night in December 1703, killing his body guards as well as taking his head and placing it in front of Asano's tomb in Sengaku-ji Temple in Takanawa, Tokyo.

All the Akō ronin were sentenced to death by seppuku (harakiri). The loyalty that these guys showed to their foolish lord by committing what can only be described as what me and some of my friends referr to as a feudal "drive-by"- Japanese style, has been lauded by the Japanese public ever since. The facts behind the actual events have been buried in the countless puppet and kabuki plays as well as movies that have been made about this.

I'm not a terribly big fan of Asano Naganori, nor do I think the Akō ronin were particularly "brave" by carrying out a night attack after a party and fighting a small group of drunk bodyguards and taking the head of a feeble old man. But, this perspective is from modern, western eyes. In reality, night attacks of this nature have always been a staple of samurai warfare, being documented since the Heian period. As much as I don't partake in the 47 Ronin Kool Aid drinking parties, I do admit to enjoying watching a good fictional film or kabuki play about these guys.

"Retayner" is a well-known multi-disciplinary artist from Melbourne who is deeply tied to both the city's graffiti scene and its underground hip-hop culture.

"Retayner" is known for an aesthitic which ranges from classic illegal writing structures to complex, intertwined lettering, sharp geometric extensions, and layered arrows.

Finally, quoting and paraphrsing "Bailer's" epic publication "Wall Stories"; "Retayner" is infamous for surviving a horrific, near-fatal accident during his teenage years. While attempting to paint on the roof of an active electrical substation, he touched live power lines. The resulting explosion blew off two of his toes and severely burned his hand to the bone.

For more information, or to follow this artist refrences refer to -

INSTAGRAM: www.instagram.com/retayner/

hedgeburners.bandcamp.com/album/over-spray

#Terain #Retainer #Retayner #OverSpray #InstinctDriven #InnerDemons #InDeep #ID #AwkardProductions #AllWeKnow #AWK #Abandoned #Urbex

Remove retainers for trunk rear trim, remove trunk rear trim piece, remove battery retainer

The IVA rules say that if the key used to unlock the fuel filler is not the ignition key, then the cap must have a retaining device connecting it to the filler to discourage driving off with it open presumably.

The simplest way of doing this is to tie it on with some brass wire and then crimp a ferrule in place to hold it. In my case this is a short piece of copped brake pipe squashed in a vice.

It will do the job to get through IVA and then be promptly removed to avoid the risk of lumps of copper falling off and blocking a fuel line

hey cool retainer . . found it yesterday after 6 months. don't judge me.

jeffreydsonnenburg.com/?attachment_id=1467

Shots from our 2011 collection taken in some of our favourite spots.

www.shop.mislupitas.com

Wolvesey Castle, Old Bishop's Palace, The castle was created by Henry of Blois in 1141 by linking the two Norman halls with a curtain wall which would have finally obliterated any remaining parts of the Anglo-Saxon palace. It was the scene for the Rout of Winchester in which the Empress Matilda assaulted the castle later in 1141, during the period of civil war known as The Anarchy. It was the castle's first and only siege, when it was held for Stephen by the retainers of Bishop Henry. The besieged defenders of Wolvesey burnt with fireballs all the houses of the city which were too near the enceinte and gave cover to the enemy.

Most of the old town of Winchester was destroyed. Empress Matilda's forces were held off for three weeks (August - September, 1141) until Stephen's wife, Matilda, arrived with reinforcements from London. Henry II is said to have slighted Wolvesey after the death of Bishop Henry in 1171. This did not include the destruction of the residential quarters as many later occupants of the see of Winchester dwelled there in high state. But the gate and portcullis were likely removed and some breaches made in the curtain. It was once a very important building, and was the location on 25 July 1554 of the wedding breakfast of Queen Mary and Philip II of Spain. The castle was destroyed by Roundheads during the English Civil War in 1646. The chapel is the only considerable remnant of the south range of the castle, and is still in use, being attached to the palace.

The extensive surviving ruins are currently owned and maintained by English Heritage. The castle has had Grade I listed status since 24 March 1950, as has the palace located on the same site. A fair amount of the curtain wall remains, but nearly all the inner arrangements are gone, though it is possible to make out the hall, in which there is a good round arch and one surviving Norman window.

Winchester Castle is a medieval building in Hampshire, England. It was founded in 1067. Only the Great Hall still stands; it houses a museum of the history of Winchester. The Great Hall, one of the finest surviving aisled halls of the 13th century”, contains the greatest symbol of medieval mythology, King Arthur’s Round Table, and is all that now remains of Winchester Castle.Come and see the iconic Round Table of Arthurian legend that has dominated Winchester’s ancient Great Hall for centuries. This is one of the finest surviving examples of a 13th century aisled hall and is an enhancement of the original Winchester Castle built by William the Conqueror. Discover the history and uncover the battles, secrets and trials for terrorism and treason held here.

Around AD70 the Romans constructed a massive earth rampart 800 ft (240 m) long and 200 ft (61 m) wide. On top of this they built a fort to protect the city of Venta Belgarum. This site was chosen by William the Conqueror as the site of one of the first Norman castles in England. The castle was built in 1067 and for over one hundred years it was the seat of Government of the Norman Kings. Henry II built a stone keep to house the royal treasury and the Domesday Book. A round tower from the original castle complete with sally ports is still visible. In 1141, during The Anarchy, forces of the Empress Matilda were besieged by the forces of King Stephen at the castle.

Winchester College is an independent boarding school for boys in the British public school tradition, situated in Winchester, Hampshire. It has existed in its present location for over 600 years. It is the oldest of the original seven English public schools defined by the Clarendon Commission and regulated by the Public Schools Act 1868.

Winchester College was founded in 1382 by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor to both Edward III and Richard II, and the first 70 poor scholars entered the school in 1394. It was founded in conjunction with New College, Oxford, for which it was designed to act as a feeder: the buildings of both colleges were designed by master mason William Wynford. This double foundation was the model for Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, some 50 years later, and for Westminster School, Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge, in Tudor times.

In addition to the 70 scholars and 16 "Quiristers" (choristers), the statutes provided for ten "noble Commoners". These Commoners ("Commoners in Collegio") were paying guests of the Headmaster or Second Master in his official apartments in College. Other paying pupils ("Commoners extra Collegium"), either guests of one of the Masters in his private house or living in lodgings in town, grew in numbers till the late 18th century, when they were all required to live in "Old Commoners" and town boarding was banned. In the 19th century this was replaced by "New Commoners", and the numbers fluctuated between 70 and 130: the new building was compared unfavourably to a workhouse, and as it was built over an underground stream, epidemics of typhus and malaria were common.

Founded in 1382 Winchester College is believed to be the oldest continuously running school in the country. Our guided tours concentrate on the mediaeval heart of the College, and include Chamber Court; the 14th century Gothic Chapel, with one of the earliest examples of a wooden vaulted roof; College Hall, the original Scholars' dining room; School, the seventeenth century redbrick schoolroom and the original mediaeval cloister.Open: For individuals and small groups, walk in tours last approximately one hour and are available throughout the year. Group tours for parties of 10+ must be booked at least one month in advance.

Photo Credit: Return 'Em Right

Yes, this is a part of the Berlin Shopping Center. It's a forgotten retainer basin. To find this, go behind the Dollar General. Turn left until you meet up with the poison ivy coated fence. Walk along the fence (you are walking in poison ivy) until you find a small part of the fence where there is no PI. That's where I got this picture. There was ducks on the water, but they flew away when they spotted me. That's what caused the ripples in the water.

Vivitar V-335, f/3.5 35-70mm, Fujifilm Superia 400

Remove the black retainer spring and the black retainer frame.

Matsusaka Castle was built in 1588 by Gamō Ujisato (1556-1595), who was a senior retainer of Oda Nobunaga and then later served Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Ujisato was quick to understand the benefits of Nobunaga’s economic policies and turned Matsusaka into a magnet for merchants with free trade policies and other incentives. Mitsui Takatoshi (1622-1694), founder of what has become today’s powerful Mitsui conglomerate, was from Matsusaka and opened a kimono shop in Edo (now Tokyo) in 1673. The kimono shop was the forerunner of today’s Mitsukoshi department store.

And Matsusaka Castle served as a major strongpoint along the Ise Road that connected the Grand Shrine of Ise to the Tōkaidō Road- Japan’s main medieval transportation artery. During the Edo Period, Matsusaka was under the control of the Kishū Tokugawa clan. The strength of the castle is evident in its impressive stone walls, which survive intact. Unfortunately, the castle’s keep was destroyed as the result of a typhoon in 1644. The castle was abandoned in 1871 when control of all castles was transferred to the Meiji government. Matsusaka Castle’s main palace was lost to fire in 1877, and the rest of the buildings were razed in 1881. But again, the walls are still intact and if you are fan of Japanese Castle stonework, then Matsusaka Castle is a must visit site.

Takayama Ukon (1552-1615) is one of the least understood yet one of the most controversial daimyō of the later part of Japan’s Sengoku (warring states) period. A devout Christian, Ukon was a darling of the Jesuits, and as a result, his overlord, the Toyotomi Hideyoshi, eyed his loyalties suspiciously, even though he had fought well on some his military campaigns. Ukon’s original fief was in Takatsuki, located in present day Osaka, where he also had a castle. Ukon was a great propagator of his faith, converting his subjects to Catholicism—although some contest that many of these conversions were forced. The Samurai Archives Wiki states that 18,000 out of Takatsuki’s 25,000 inhabitants had been converted, and when Ukon was transferred from Takatsuki to his new fief of Akashi near Kobe in 1585. However, during Hideyoshi’s conquest of Kyushu, Hideyoshi’s suspicions of Ukon’s loyalties mounted and he was dispossessed of his fief. After taking refuge with another Christian daimyō, Konshi Yukinaga, Ukon eventually became a retainer of the powerful and influential Maeda Toshiie in 1588. Apparently, Toshiie trusted him. Persecution against Christianity only got worse, and in 1614, the Tokugawa banned the religion. Rather than give up his beliefs or fight for them, Ukon decided to go into exile in the Philippines in November of that year. A mere 40 days later, he died in Manila. It’s hard for me to make any judge Takayama Ukon. Was he a good daimyō? A brave general and not a coward as some have alleged? Did he actually force his citizens to convert to Christianity and persecute Buddhists? I honestly don’t know enough about him. All I can say is that he was a firm believer in his religious faith, and for this reason, he was lionized by his foreign Jesuit contemporaries and looked to as a historical hero by today’s Catholic community in Japan.

Now about the castle, Takatsuki-jō and its fief was ruled by the Nagai family during the Edo period. If you are a fan of the Bakumatsu period and know the history of Chōshū and the role that this domain played in overthrowing the Tokugawa Bakufu, then you may be familiar with the family name of “Nagai”. And if you look at the family crest of the Nagai of Takatsuki, you’d probably say it was identical to the crest of the Mōri, the ruling daimyō family of Chōshū. That’s because it is identical and the Nagai of Takatsuki are a branch of the Nagai of Chōshū, who were asked by the Tokugawa in 1649 to take over the reins of power in Takatsuki. The Nagai, starting with the first d daimyō, Nagamasa, ruled the area until 1869.

Takatsuki was an important commercial and transportation hub because it was between Osaka and Kyoto. The Saigoku road, which connected Nishinomiya (in Kobe) with Kyoto, went through the town as well as did the Yodo River. As a result, the castle was the largest in the Hokusetsu region of what now comprises the northern parts of the Osaka municipality. The Nagai gradually increased the size of the castle and expanded its moats outward from when it was a Sengoku period castle. The castle was about 630 meters long and 510 meters wide after the last round of expansion. Unfortunately, it was destroyed after the Meiji Restoration and the castle’s stone walls were smashed into rocks to be used for the rail bed that was built to connect Osaka with Kyoto.

Sources: Samurai Archives Samurai Wiki and the Takatsuki City’s Shiroato History Museum

Remington Model 8 Ejector, Retainer pin, and spring removed.

We supply Stainless steel thrust ball bearing:

W-1-1/4, W-2-1/8, 02P12, 911-SSL, DL-65-SSL, DM-70-SSL, W-1-1/2, W-1-1/4SSL, EW1/4, EW5/8, W-1-1/2SSL, 02PS16, 10JS04, 08WXS14, 08JS10, 09WXS07, 09XS28LKV, etc.

Please ask for details.

Most unusual graphics on the wall of the rest stop at Saddan, we have not seen anything like it before

jeffreydsonnenburg.com/?attachment_id=1460

This was the site of the main castle belonging to Uesugi Kenshin.

Uesugi Kenshin (1530-1578) was born the youngest son of Nagao Tamekage, an important retainer of the Uesugi clan. Following a major victory over the rival Hōjō clan which had invaded Uesugi territory, the gifted and ambitious young general found himself being adopted into the Uesugi clan and propelled to its top leadership position and ruler of Echigo Province. Over the course of his lifetime, Kenshin fought in 70 major battles against the Takeda, the Hōjō and Oda Nobunaga and was gained a reputation as one of the best generals of his time. It is for this reason that he was later given the nickname the Dragon of Echigo. As he was preparing for a major campaign against Oda Nobunaga, Kenshin suddenly became ill and died shortly afterwards. Until the point of his illness he had been in good health, despite being a relatively heavy drinker. Kenshin’s death was Nobunaga’s gain, as his forces started pushing deeper into Uesugi territory, taking advantage of the fact that Kenshin’s two adopted sons had started a civil war within the clan. Unfortunately for Nobunaga, he was assassinated in 1582, just as he had Kenshin’s surviving son, Kagekatsu, on the ropes. Nobunaga’s successor, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, brought Kagekatsu into his fold of allies and later asked Kagekatsu to move to the domain of Aizu, to help better ring in Tokugawa Ieyasu. Unfortunately for Kagekatsu, after Japan plunged back into civil war upon the death of Hideyoshi, he allied himself with Ishida Mitsunari against the Tokugawa and lost. For this, the Uesugi were forced to move to the much smaller fief of Yonezawa, which was a big blow to the pride, wealth and prestige of the once mighty Uesugi clan. Throughout the Edo period, the Uesugi were never to play a prominent role in much of anything—although gaining a slight notoriety for the part the clan and its daimyo played in the 47 Ronin Incident of 1701-1703.

Remington Model 8 Bolt Stripped with Ejector and Retainer pin.

The year or two of wearing braces could be rendered useless without proper use of retainers. Teeth retainers are responsible for keeping your teeth in their new places post orthodontic treatment, and possibly your dentist has already explained to you the importance of wearing them as prescribed. Many people tend to lose these removable devices and if you are one of them, you can now get retainer replacement online.

Matsusaka Castle was built in 1588 by Gamō Ujisato (1556-1595), who was a senior retainer of Oda Nobunaga and then later served Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Ujisato was quick to understand the benefits of Nobunaga’s economic policies and turned Matsusaka into a magnet for merchants with free trade policies and other incentives. Mitsui Takatoshi (1622-1694), founder of what has become today’s powerful Mitsui conglomerate, was from Matsusaka and opened a kimono shop in Edo (now Tokyo) in 1673. The kimono shop was the forerunner of today’s Mitsukoshi department store.

And Matsusaka Castle served as a major strongpoint along the Ise Road that connected the Grand Shrine of Ise to the Tōkaidō Road- Japan’s main medieval transportation artery. During the Edo Period, Matsusaka was under the control of the Kishū Tokugawa clan. The strength of the castle is evident in its impressive stone walls, which survive intact. Unfortunately, the castle’s keep was destroyed as the result of a typhoon in 1644. The castle was abandoned in 1871 when control of all castles was transferred to the Meiji government. Matsusaka Castle’s main palace was lost to fire in 1877, and the rest of the buildings were razed in 1881. But again, the walls are still intact and if you are fan of Japanese Castle stonework, then Matsusaka Castle is a must visit site.

Setting out the underfloor heating - here the pipework retainers being placed

Rare shot of John

541 Dashboard retainer clip. 2 required per car.

200811-N-VQ790-1013

NEWPORT NEWS, Va. (Aug. 11, 2020) Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Ellysse Tilley, assigned to the dental department aboard the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George Washington (CVN 73), places the alginate impression mixture into her mouth in order to create a maxillary essix retainer. George Washington is undergoing refueling complex overhaul (RCOH) at Newport News Shipyard. RCOH is a multi-year project performed only once during a carrier’s 50-year service life that includes refueling the ship’s two nuclear reactors, as well as significant repairs, upgrades, and modernization. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Trey Hutcheson/Released)

There are several dental clinics in the city, but London Braces can offer the highest standard of Invisalign treatment. Our orthodontists in London and its surrounding areas are helpful for the patients to achieve impressive smiles... www.frontonet.com/47963/why-retainers-are-needed-after-in...

See also front view for description.

The Queen’s Head is one of the oldest extant buildings in Wilcannia. It was constructed in the 1870s and purchased by in 1880 by John Penrose who became Mayor of Silverton and in 1885 opened the Lion Brewery with Edmund and Emil Resch. Although no longer operating as an hotel the building is in reasonable condition.

Aboriginal History of Wilcannia:

Wilcannia is located on the Darling River, about halfway between Bourke and Wentworth. The river is known as Barka by the local Aboriginal people or Barkandji, literally people belonging to the Barka, and it is surrounded on all sides by Barkandji speaking people. The people from along the Barka and varying distances either side from near Bourke down to Wentworth all recognised the Barkandji language as their primary language, but they were divided into subgroups with different dialects of this one language. The Barkandji language is very different from all the neighbouring languages including the adjoining Ngiyampaa/Ngemba to the east, the Kulin, and Murray River languages to the south, and the Yardli and Thura-Yura language groups to the west and north.

Barkandji have a unique culture and depended heavily on the grinding or pounding of seeds on large grinding dishes or mortars and pestles, such as grass, portulaca, and acacia seeds. In the riverine areas, there is a strong emphasis on aquatic plant food tubers and corms, and fish, yabbies, turtles, mussels, and shrimps as well as water birds and their eggs. Insect foods were also important, such as parti or witchetty grubs along the rivers and creeks, and termite larvae in the Mallee country. Large and small canoes were cut out, necessitating ground edge axes, and string manufacture for fish nets, hunting nets, bags, and belts was an important part of the culture. The Wilcannia area still shows tangible evidence of traditional life in the form of canoe trees, coolamon trees, middens, heat retainer ovens, ashy deposits, stone tool quarries and artefacts.

Thomas Mitchell led the first exploring party to reach Wilcannia and gave the Barkandji their first unpleasant taste of what was to come. Mitchell travelled via the Bogan to the Darling River near Bourke and then down the river to Wilcannia then Menindee, reaching it in July 1835. Mitchell was harassed by Barkandji as he did not understand that he had to properly negotiate permission for use of water, grass, land to camp on etc., and in addition his men were abusing women behind his back and breaking all the rules. He gave them names such as the Fire Eaters and the Spitting Tribe as they tried to warn him off. His comments show that the Barkandji groups he met occupied "different portions of the river", and that they owned the resources in their territories including the water in the river. The exclusive possession enjoyed by the Barkandji and the need to obtain permission before using any of their resources is demonstrated by the following comment about the "Spitting Tribe" from the river near Wilcannia:

"The Spitting Tribe desired our men to pour out the water from their buckets, as if it had belonged to them; digging, at the same time a hole in the ground to receive it when poured out; and I have more than once seen a river chief, on receiving a tomahawk, point to the stream and signify that we were then at liberty to take water from it, so strongly were they possessed with the notion that the water was their own"

A hill 15 kilometres north of Wilcannia was named Mount Murchison by Mitchell and this became the name of the very large original station that included the location that was to become Wilcannia township.

In 1862 the area northwest of Mount Murchison Station was still frontier country with continual conflict. Frederic Bonney was based at Mount Murchison homestead and then nearby Momba homestead from 1865 to 1881 and he bluntly states in his notebooks that in this period "natives killed by settlers - shot like dogs"

Bonney recorded extensive detail about the lives, language, culture, and personalities of the Aboriginal people at Mount Murchison/Momba and left us with extremely significant series of photos of Aboriginal people taken in this period. He does not elaborate about the way the station was set up except for his comment above. Frederic Bonney not only respected and looked after the local people but he sympathised with them, worked with them, and respected them. The Bonney papers and photographs are a treasure of information about the Aboriginal people living there between 1865 and 1881. Bonney published a paper in 1884 but long after he had returned to England to live he campaigned for the better treatment of the Aboriginal people, and he tried to educate the public about the complexity of Aboriginal culture.

Bonney names about 44 individual Aboriginal people living at Momba in this period, and one group photo from the same period shows a total of 38 people. Descendants of some of the people Bonney describes still live in Wilcannia and surrounding areas today.

Aboriginal people worked on Moomba and Mount Murchison Station, and from very early times fringe camps grew up around Wilcannia. The land straight across the River from the Wilcannia post office was gazetted as an Aboriginal Reserve, and this became the nucleus of a very large fringe camp that grew into a substantial settlement spaced out along the river bank in the 1930s to the 1970s. By 1953 the Aboriginal Welfare Board had built a series of 14 barrack-like and inappropriately designed houses in an enlarged reserve, now an attractive tree lined settlement known as the Mission (although never a mission it was beside a Catholic School and clinic, thus the name). Today Aboriginal people are the majority of the population of the vibrant, creative, and culturally active town of Wilcannia, and the main users of the post office facilities.

Wilcannia History:

The first secure pastoralists at Mount Murchison were the brothers Hugh and Bushby Jamieson of Mildura Station on the Murray, who in 1856 took up Tallandra and Moorabin blocks, later extended with other blocks and named Mount Murchison Station. Captain Cadell's paddlesteamer Albury was the first to travel up the Darling, landing flour and other stores for the Jamiesons at Mount Murchison in February 1859. The Albury then loaded 100 bales of wool from their woolshed and brought it down to Adelaide. At this time there were no other stations on the Darling between Mt Murchison and Fort Bourke. A little later:

"An enterprising attempt has just been made by Mr. Hugh Jamieson, of Mount Murchison, to bring fat sheep speedily to Adelaide. Mr. Jamieson having chartered Captain Cadell's steamer, Albury, that vessel was prepared, and received on board at Mildura 550 fine fat sheep. These were landed at Moorundee last Tuesday, after a rapid passage of two days, all the sheep being in splendid condition when put ashore"

Jamiesons sold in 1864 to Robert Barr Smith and Ross Reid from Adelaide. The brothers Edward and Frederic Bonney were leasing some adjacent blocks and possibly worked at Mount Murchison for these owners. In 1875 they bought the Mount Murchison/Momba complex, one of the largest stations in New South Wale. In 1865 it was known as Mount Murchison, in 1881 it was all known as Momba, later splitting into smaller stations. The original Mount Murchison Station homestead block was also known as Head Station or Karannia, the Barkandji name for the area just north of the town near where the Paroo River comes into the Barka. The original Mount Murchison woolshed was located on what is now Baker Park, Wilcannia, which is adjacent to the current Post Office.

The site of Wilcannia was selected on Mount Murchison Station in 1864 by John Chadwick Woore, who was appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands of the Albert District in 1863 and was based at Wilcannia. The town was proclaimed in 1866 and in the 1870s it became a coaching centre for prospectors exploiting the region's gold, copper, silver, and opal resources, and the administrative, service, and shipping centre for the pastoral industry. Wilcannia was incorporated as a municipality in 1881, and around this time it became New South Wales biggest inland port and Australia's third largest inland port (after Echuca Victoria and Morgan South Australia). 'The Queen of the River' or 'Queen City of the West'. At the height of its prosperity around 1880, the town boasted a population of 3,000. According to the Register of the National Estate, during 1887 alone, 222 steamers took on 26,550 tonnes of wool and other goods at Wilcannia wharves. The value of goods coming down the Darling River in 1884 was 1,359,786 pounds, and included over 30,000 bales of wool. The customs house, another Wilcannia stone building now demolished, located immediately between the Post office and the river bank and wharfs, took 17,544 pounds in customs duties in 1889. Paddlesteamers gradually declined, particularly after the 1920s, although a few continued to trade up and down the river into the 1940's, still remembered by elderly Wilcannia residents.

Wilcannia in the 1870s and into the 1900s was the centre of the pastoral and mining boom of the far west of New South Wales, and it was the centre of the paddlesteamer river trade from the Upper Darling to the Murray River and outlets such as Adelaide and Melbourne. The frequent dry seasons and lack of water in the river led to other methods of transporting goods being used, such as camel trains, but when the water came down the river trade always returned. The river trade built Wilcannia's fine buildings, but it was also its undoing, as the New South Wales government intervened to reduce the river trade because goods were moving to and from Adelaide and Melbourne, not Sydney.

Plans to improve navigation on the river were suggested in 1859 after Captain Cadell's first successful voyage up the Darling that was followed by other paddlesteamers. Cadell gave evidence at a New South Wales Select Committee that the Darling would be become reliable for boats if a system of locks were built at very reasonable cost that would hold back water during the drier seasons. The plans to build locks along the Darling River to make navigation more consistent were investigated again and again, but were not realised because the New South Wales government believed trade would benefit Victoria and South Australia.

After the opening of the Sydney to Bourke railway line in 1885, Wilcannia lost its status as the major commercial centre of the Darling River. The trade from the far North West New South Wales then tended to go to the railhead at Bourke and straight to Sydney. There were plans in the 1880s for the railway to be run from Cobar to Wilcannia, however this plan was continuously put off. Plans for a railway to Wilcannia continued to be made throughout the 1890's and early 1900's, and including a proposal from Cobar to Broken Hill then linking to South Australia as the Great Western Railway. In 1907 "a large petition was forwarded to Sydney from Wilcannia for presentation to the Premier urging immediate construction of the Cobar-Wilcannia Railway, and subsequent extension to Broken Hill".

The New South Wales government attempt to stop trade leaking out of the state resulted in their refusal to build a railway to Wilcannia (as goods tended to go to Wilcannia and down the river), or to extend the railway to South Australia for the same reasons. The bend in the river on the north side of town celebrates this government intransigence by its name "Iron Pole Bend", the iron pole said to have been placed at the surveyed location of the proposed railway bridge. New South Wales eventually built a railway through the low population Ivanhoe route to the south of Wilcannia reaching Broken Hill in 1927, and even then it stopped at Broken Hill and did not join the South Australian line until 1970. The link between Broken Hill and the South Australian railway was provided from 1884 to 1970 by the narrow gauge private railway 'the Silverton Tramway', which also took trade from Wilcannia.

The combination of missing out on the railway and locking of the river, the severe drought on 1900 - 1901, and the damage to the pastoral economy by drought, rabbits, and over grazing, led to a down turn in Wilcannia's prospects, leaving the fine stone buildings such as the post office languishing as tangible reminders of a time when Wilcannia was known as the "Queen City of the West" and was the largest inland port in New South Wales and the third largest inland port in Australia.

Post Office History:

During the 1850s, postal services became more regular, and the great colonial investment in postal infrastructure was underway. From the 1850s, each major rural centre had a postmaster of its own as the post office became a symbol of the presence of civilisation in many outback towns. Government architects built substantial post offices in provincial towns as statements of the authority and presence of the government. The original Wilcannia Post Office was established in 1860 under the name of Mount Murchison, the name was later officially changed to Wilcannia in 1868.

The Wilcannia Post Office and Post Master's Residence were designed by the Colonial Architect James Barnet, the signed plan being forwarded to Wilcannia in 1878. The Post Office and Residence were part of an official precinct in Wilcannia, with the courthouse (1880), gaol (1880), and police residence (1880) built across the road and one block south. In 1876 £1,500 was allocated to the post office project. Tenders were called in August 1878 and the builder D. Baillie accepted to erect the post office, and at the same time as the builder for the Court House, Lock-Up Gaol, and Police buildings.

A further £3,100 of consolidated revenue was allocated to the post office and £8,200 to the courthouse and watch house in 1879. By March 1979 the post office was "in course of erection". The complex was completed by 1880, succeeding the post office set up on Mount Murchison Station in 1860 and a second weatherboard building that was used from 1866.

James Johnstone Barnet (1827 - 1904) was made acting Colonial Architect in 1862 and appointed Colonial Architect from 1865 - 1890. He was born in Scotland and studied in London under Charles Richardson, RIBA and William Dyce, Professor of Fine Arts at King's College, London. He was strongly influenced by Charles Robert Cockerell, leading classical theorist at the time and by the fine arts, particularly works of painters Claude Lorrain and JRM Turner. He arrived in Sydney in 1854 and worked as a self-employed builder. He served as Edmund Blacket's clerk of works on the foundations of the Randwick (Destitute Childrens') Asylum. Blacket then appointed Barnet as clerk-of-works on the Great Hall at Sydney University. By 1859 he was appointed second clerk of works at the Colonial Architect's Office and in 1861 was Acting Colonial Architect. Thus began a long career. He dominated public architecture in New South Wales, as the longest-serving Colonial Architect in Australian history. Until he resigned in 1890 his office undertook some 12,000 works, Barnet himself designing almost 1000. They included those edifices so vital to promoting communication, the law and safe sea arrivals in colonial Australia. Altogether there were 169 post and telegraph offices, 130 courthouses, 155 police buildings, 110 lockups and 20 lighthouses, including the present Macquarie Lighthouse on South Head, which replaced the earlier one designed by Francis Greenway. Barnet's vision for Sydney is most clearly seen in the Customs House at Circular Quay, the General Post Office in Martin Place, and the Lands Department and Colonial Secretary's Office in Bridge Street. There he applied the classicism he had absorbed in London, with a theatricality which came from his knowledge of art.

The substantial two storey attached post office residence faces the main street and more than doubles the size of the complex. This is unusual as Barnet tended to have residences on the first floor of the main building or at the rear. It relates to the remoteness and government determination to make the job attractive to the right post master, a government representative who had to be an honest employee and trusted by this remote community. It consists of four rooms on the ground floor; parlour, sitting room, kitchen, and servant's bedroom, and three bedrooms upstairs, plus various storage rooms, and a central staircase.

The new post office became the focal point of town, located in the main street and immediately adjacent to the wharves and customs house. In 1896 the iron bridge with lift span over the Darling River was completed and the east-west highway re-routed to go over the bridge and directly past the post office, from then on located on the busy corner of the main street and the highway. Descriptions include:

"the post and telegraph offices, together with the master's residence", are "both a substantial and ornamental piece of architecture"; "the post office is a very neat building indeed" with "white stone which seems to finely glisten among the dark foliage of the river timber"; "The colonnade of the post office is the Exchange of the town, and here all the business men meet daily and discuss the news of the district. Mails do not come in every day but when Her Majesty's mail coach is seen in front of the post-office there may all the people be seen gathered together. The Sydney and Melbourne papers are four days old when they reach Wilcannia, as the town is from 24 to 30 hours coaching from any railway terminus".

In 1890 the tender from R. B. Spiers to erect a "verandah and balcony etc" at the Post Office and Telegraph office was accepted, referring to the two storey verandah and balcony at the post office residence and possibly the small verandah on the side of the post office as well. Drawings from 1881 and 1888 show the single storey verandah of the residence, but a photo from 1894 clearly shows the two storey verandah. The two-storey verandah was added in response to the extreme climate, the wooden lined ceilings on both levels are an attempt to prevent the heat from penetrating onto the verandah, north facing wall, and windows. The two storey verandah was probably also designed by Barnet as he held the position of government architect until 1890 and its detail is similar to the 1889 Bourke post office verandah.

This Post Office building was in continuous use until 1997 as a post office, telegraph, then telephone exchange, and post master's residence. The post office service was then moved and the complex was used as a residence only until 2002. It became the post office again from 2013 and provides both postal and banking services for the town and surrounding stations.

The remoteness of Wilcannia also meant that the central post office performed a range of significant peripheral services, such as posting up government edicts and community notices, weather measurements and warnings, flood warnings and river heights, timetables and pick-up and drop-down place for coaches, mail coaches, and later mail trucks and buses. The mail coaches/mail trucks left the post office for the remote outback laden with mail, newspapers, groceries, spare parts, school lessons for outback children, and travellers (workers, family and friends and even occasionally nurses and church people). Mail coaches/mail trucks played a unique role enabling people to exist in the outback that cannot be underestimated. Mail trucks still operate out of Wilcannia delivering mail and parcels to the remote outback stations.

Source: New South Wales Heritage Register.