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SINCLAIR
Super Flame
OILS
ECONOMICAL
CLEAN FUEL
Wm. F. Van Senus, Agent
SINCLAIR REFINING
COMPANY
Phone 150
Valparaiso, Indiana
Source Type: Matchcover
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Diamond Match Company
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Copyright 2012. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
...So here it is.....(version with hip)
After meeting with a bunch of the Rayleigh Skaters, visiting the park & eventually getting the correct measurements Willis from King Ramps came up with this new design for Rayleigh Skate park.....
He has kindly submitted a report to accompany this design, have a read....
Here are the sketches for Rayleigh. There are 4 views of the same plan so that you can check it out from 4 different angles.
I spent a while working all the bits they wanted in one design, and the Pete and Rodney Clarke helped refine it.
When I went to site the other day, a few of the lads reckoned the hip was well used, and that Phil and few other lads were keen on that in the meeting. So I tried putting a hip on another version of the plan together with part of the bank exchanged with a hip and bowled corner (Rayleigh Draft1 + Hip). I’m not too sure it works, as it creates a few clashing lines. But I guess you can’t expect to skate the whole park at once.
If everyone is keen on a hip, I could start another design, and move everything around a bit. As it would be good to make sure you could come at the hip both ways easily.
The user group list was…
1.2 x 5ft mini ramps
1.16ft wide
2.6ft extensions
3.Like new Leigh on Sea
2.Marble ledge/manual/grind
3.4/5 stair with handrail + hubbas
4.Pole jam + euro gap
5.Clam shell
6.Raised area for stairs, hubba, flatbank, eurogap.
7.4ft Jump box with 4ft top
8.Quarterpipe with wallwide/sub-box
9.Nice flow with transfers and gaps
1. The two minis are set up like Leigh on Sea, back to back with a 3 or 4ft deck. One half of the one of the ramps 6ft high. They are both 20ft wide.
2. The ledge on the flat with the manny pad set into it will be marble. Maybe the hubbas?
3. Rail and hubbas are there
4. Euro is there. The pole jam is the only thing I haven’t put on, and was planning to ask the User Group if they just wanted it on the flat or not? Or where else they might want it?
I was thinking that the pole jam could be a sort of upside down V shape you can ride at from either side
5. There’s a curved extension on the top of the quarter next to the mini ramps which we hoped may satisfy the clam shell request. I was thinking this could have pool copin. You need a corner for a proper clam shell, so if that is really important, we’ll work that into a new design.
6. I've made the raised area pretty big, as they didn’t want the park to be too busy and tight (less is more etc etc), so this gives a good run up to the rail, hubbas, and block leading into the bank. Its 6m from the back of the raised area to the top of the stairs.
The most of the raised platform is 5ft high, but I carried the 6ft extension on the mini all the way to the back of the plot. This then gives a step up where we reckon you could fit a few mellow little blocks and bars going down towards the other corner as I've shown.
7. 4ft Launch Box with 4ft Platform. Check. I put a raised bit of quarter (7/8ft?) in line with it so that you can get the speed you need. We could make this with a bit of vert if you want. + Again, it may be cool to have pool copin on that bit too.
+ They wanted lots of transfers, so we have put that flat bank driveway in between the mini and the Launch Box, so you can transfer into it from from all angles, and over gaps if thats what you looking for!
8. Quarterpipe with sub box is in the corner opposite the rail and hubbas. I've carried it into the flat bank which works well at Hyde Park in Leeds.
Out of the quarter, onto the sub box, and back into the bank is great fun. + You get bank to wallride.
9. I’ve spent time thinking and imagining about how it would flow, and as its quite simple as requested, it should work okay even with a busy session.
Its quite linear, which is sort of necessary if you want to get alot out of a smallish space without lines clashing. But there are a fair amount of possible transfers and lines and gaps between the minis, the driveway and the launch box.
let me know what everyone reckons.
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Mortgage Relief Services
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Whoever owns the loan (whether it is a lender or a group of lenders), the servicing firm is contractually obligated to find the solution to payment problems that will minimize loss to the owner. If the lowest-cost solution is a mortgage relief agreement, that's great -- everyone involved prefers a mortgage relief agreement instead of a foreclosure. But if a foreclosure would generate lower costs for the owner, the decision will be to foreclose. The cost of foreclosure to the borrower does not enter the decision.
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Built in 1895-1896, this Chicago School-style thirteen-story skyscraper was designed by Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler for the Guaranty Construction Company. It was initially commissioned by Hascal L. Taylor, whom approached Dankmar Adler to build "the largest and best office building in the city,” but Taylor, whom wanted to name the building after himself, died in 1894, just before the building was announced. Having already had the building designed and ready for construction, the Guaranty Construction Company of Chicago, which already had resources lined up to build the project, bought the property and had the building constructed, with the building instead being named after them. In 1898, the building was renamed after the Prudential Insurance Company, which had refinanced the project and became a major tenant in the building after it was completed. Prudential had the terra cotta panels above the main entrances to the building modified to display the company’s name in 1898, upon their acquisition of a partial share in the ownership of the tower. The building became the tallest building in Buffalo upon its completion, and was a further refinement of the ideas that Sullivan had developed with the Wainwright Building in St. Louis, which was built in 1890-92, and featured a design with more Classical overtones, which were dropped with the design of the Guaranty Building in favor of a more purified Art Nouveau and Chicago School aesthetic, and with more intricate visual detail, with the ornate terra cotta panels cladding the entire structure, leaving very few areas with sparse detail. The building is an early skyscraper with a steel frame supporting the terra cotta panel facade, a departure from earlier load bearing masonry structures that had previously been predominant in many of the same applications, and expresses this through large window openings at the base and a consistent wall thickness, as there was no need to make the exterior walls thicker at the base to support the load from the structure above. The building also contrasts with the more rigid historically-influenced Classical revivalism that was growing in popularity at the time, and follows Sullivan’s mantra of “form ever follows function” despite having a lot of unnecessary detail on the exterior cladding and interior elements. The building’s facade also emphasizes its verticality through continual vertical bands of windows separated by pilasters that are wider on the first two floors, with narrower pilasters above, with the entire composition of the building following the tripartite form influenced by classical columns, with distinct sections comprising the base, shaft, and capital, though being a radical and bold abstraction of the form compared to the historical literalism expressed by most of its contemporaries, more directly displaying the underlying steel structure of the building.
The building is clad in rusty terra cotta panels which feature extensive Sullivanesque ornament inspired by the Art Nouveau movement, which clad the entirety of the building’s facades along Church Street and Pearl Street, with simpler red brick and painted brick cladding on the facades that do not front public right-of-ways, which are visible when the building is viewed from the south and west. The white painted brick cladding on the south elevation marks the former location of the building’s light well, which was about 30 feet wide and 68 feet deep, and was infilled during a 1980s rehabilitation project, adding an additional 1,400 square feet of office space, and necessitating an artificial light source to be installed above the stained glass ceiling of the building’s lobby. The building’s windows are mostly one-over-one double-hung windows in vertical columns, with one window per bay, though this pattern is broken at the painted portions of the non-principal facades, which feature paired one-over-one windows, on the second floor of the principal facades, which features Chicago-style tripartite windows and arched transoms over the building’s two main entry doors, on the thirteenth floor of the principal facades, which features circular oxeye windows, and at the base, which features large storefront windows that include cantilevered sections with shed glass roofs that wrap around the columns at the base of the building. The building’s terra cotta panels feature many natural and geometric motifs based on plants and crystalline structures, the most common being a “seed pod” motif that symbolizes growth, with a wide variation of patterns, giving the facade a dynamic appearance, which is almost overwhelming, but helps to further grant the building a dignified and monumental appearance, and is a signature element of many of the significant works of Adler and Sullivan, as well as Sullivan’s later independent work. The building’s pilasters halve in number but double in thickness towards the base, with wide window openings underneath pairs of window bays above on the first and second floors, with the pilasters terminating at circular columns with large, decorative, ornate terra cotta capitals in the central bays, and thick rectilinear pilasters at the corners and flanking the entry door openings. The circular columns penetrate the extruded storefront windows and shed glass roofs below, which formed display cases for shops in the ground floor of the building when it first opened, and feature decorative copper trim and mullions framing the large expanses of plate glass. The base of the building is clad in medina sandstone panels, as well as medina sandstone bases on the circular columns. The major entry doors feature decorative copper trim surrounds, a spandrel panel with ornate cast copper detailing above and the name “Guaranty” emblazoned on the face of each of the two panels at the two entrances, decorative transoms above with decorative copper panels as headers, and arched transoms on the second floor with decorative terra cotta trim surrounds. Each of the two major entrance doors is flanked by two ornate Art Nouveau-style wall-mounted sconces mounted on the large pilasters, with smaller, partially recessed pilasters on either side. The building features two cornices with arched recesses, with the smaller cornice running as a belt around the transition between the base and the shaft portions of the building, with lightbulbs in each archway, and the larger cornice, which extends further out from the face of the building, running around the top of the building’s Swan Street and Pearl Street facades, with a circular oxeye window in each archway. The lower corner recessed into the facade at the ends, while the upper cornice runs around the entire top of the facade above, with geometric motifs in the central portions and a large cluster of leaves in a pattern that is often repeated in Sullivan’s other work at the corners. The spandrel panels between the windows on the shaft portion of the building feature a cluster of leaves at the base and geometric patterns above, with a repeat of the same recessed arch detail as the cornice at the sill line of each window. The pilasters feature almost strictly geometric motifs, with a few floral motifs thrown in at key points to balance the composition of the facade with the windows. A small and often overlooked feature of the ground floor is a set of stone steps up to an entrance at the northwest corner of the building, which features a decorative copper railing with Sullivanesque and Art Nouveau-inspired ornament, which sits next to a staircase to the building’s basement, which features a more utilitarian modern safety railing in the middle.
The interior of the building was heavily renovated over the years before being partially restored in 1980, with the lobby being reverted back to its circa 1896 appearance. The Swan Street vestibule has been fully restored, featuring a marble ceiling, decorative mosaics around the top of the walls, a decorative antique brass light fixture with Art Nouveau detailing and a ring of lightbulbs in the center, the remnant bronze stringer of a now-removed staircase to the second floor in a circular glass wall at the north end of the space, and a terazzo floor. The main lobby, located immediately to the west, features a Tiffany-esque stained glass ceiling with ellipsoid and circular panels set into a bronze frame that once sat below a skylight at the base of the building’s filled-in light well, marble cladding on the walls, mosaics on the ceiling and around the top of the walls, a bronze staircase with ornate railing at the west end of the space, which features a semi-circular landing, a basement staircase with a brass railing, a terrazzo floor, and multiple historic three-bulb wall sconces, as well as brass ceiling fixtures matching those in the vestibule. The building’s elevators, located in an alcove near the base of the staircase, features a decorative richly detailed brass screen on the exterior, with additional decorative screens above, with the elevator since having been enclosed with glass to accommodate modern safety standards and equipment, while preserving the visibility of the original details. Originally, when the building was built, the elevators descended open shafts into a screen wall in the lobby, with the elevators originally being manufactured by the Sprague Electric Railway and Motor Company, with these being exchanged in 1903 for water hydraulic elevators that remained until a renovation in the 1960s. Sadly, most of the historic interior detailing of the upper floors was lost during a series of renovations in the 20th Century, which led to them being fully modernized during the renovation in the 1980s, with multiple tenant finish projects since then further modifying the interiors of the upper floors.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975, owing to its architectural significance, and to help save the building, which had suffered a major fire in 1974 that led to the city of Buffalo seeking to demolish it. A renovation in the early 1980s managed to modernize the building while restoring the lobby and the exterior, which was carried out under the direction of the firm CannonDesign, and partial funding from federal historic tax credits. The building was purchased in 2002 by Hodgson Russ, a law firm, which subsequently further renovated the building to suit their needs, converting the building into their headquarters in 2008. This renovation was carried out under the direction of Gensler Architects and the local firm Flynn Battaglia Architects. The building today houses offices on the upper floors, with a visitor center, known as the Guaranty Interpretative Center, on the first floor, with historic tours offered of some of the building’s exterior and interior spaces run by Preservation Buffalo Niagara. The building was one of the most significant early skyscrapers, and set a precedent for the modern skyscrapers that began to be built half a century later.
South Pacific Enterprise 1956.
The history of the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR Co.)
This Centenary commemorative book was issued to company shareholders in 1955.
An Australian enterprise founded 1855 by Edward Knox, a Danish immigrant, from earlier origins as the Australasian Sugar Company ( 1842), which Knox managed. The company established sugar operations in Australia, Fiji, New Zealand and over the next 150 years diversified into building materials, chemicals etc.
Published by Angus & Robertson, Sydney. Cloth boards, 500 pages 16cm x 24cm.
All photos should be credited to Fairphone
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This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon our work non-commercially, as long as you credit us and license our new creations under the identical terms.
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This photo is a night drive-by of an Oil Refinery. The squiggly yellow light is from open flames, smoke, steam & plant lighting.
"Photograph - Interior of chocolate refining room at Cadbury's Chocolate Factory, Claremont - 1960". Looks lika an enlarged version of the control room from The Wizard of Oz. This is all a guess really, so here goes. The bloke with the microscope may be detemining paricle size by having a gradient etched onto one of the prisms, or he's looking for insect larvea like that of Indian Meal Moth, -more lol, but you never know. it will be the former and is called a micrograph. The other bloke at the panel on the right is adding Cocoa Butter. There is a sign above that reads:
10
Intermittent Control
Amount of
Cocoa Butter
Added to Crumb
Crumb is a combination of Cocoa Liquor, Sugar and Milk Solids. I would think the crumb is being delivered by the steel conveyor above and to his left, which means that the machine it is feeding is a mixer. This would then combine the crumb and cocoa butter, and this would be fed to a pre-refiner or directly to the refiners and then on to the conche.
To the bloke on the far left that is attending a small vertical Hadron Collider, -I have no idea. Whatever the powder is that he is looking at, it is starting in the machine behind him and is being moved along the floor and then up and back onto itself and is feeding the hopper and then it runs through the contraption that the man is standing over. It then runs down into the screw conveyor to the machine next to the mixer. This may also be a mixer. What that contraption is, is described on sign No 9, but in the photograph it is too faint to read. The machine here also has a stylized "H" on the lft and is probably the brand. On top is a mystery also. It has some wires on the lest going up to where and why? I have no idea what this is measuring or determining. Maybe this is delivering dried milk to a mixer to be mixed with Cocoa Liquor and sugar. The apparatus looks more dairy than chocolate. The description with the photo is of no help. 1950s. Image from Libraries Tasmania.
meadowfoods.co.uk/chocolate-crumb-the-unsung-hero-of-brit...
I suck at graffiti but im trying to work my way into it. I wasn't planning on doing the character, i just thought about it as i finished the letters. I wanted the character to be sorta reaching out of the shadows. I didn't do the best job on the shading up the arm. Also wasn't fully happy with the arm. In the future, i think i'll refine it and make it digital. Add color too :O Not anytime soon though.
Constructive criticism is welcome!
Australasian Sugar Refining Company complex 1891, 1899 at conversion to apartments in the 1980s.
Designers: Hyndman and Bates.
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`The site of the factory was included in Section 2B [of the original Port Melbourne survey], which was surveyed into four allotments early in the history of Sandridge. By November 1860 three of these had been purchased by A. Ross, joining William Jones, S.G. Henty and P. Lalor as owners of the section (2)..
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In February 1890, the Melbourne Tram and Omnibus Company Limited, had stables, offices, land and an omnibus repository on the section.(3) [Most of the present buildings on the site date from 1891, when the Australasian Sugar Refining Company established a refinery.(4)] On the MMBW detail plan dated 1894, the section is labelled 'sugar works' and the configuration of buildings approximately conforms with the present layout. [The refinery was closed in 1894 following its purchase by the Colonial Sugar Refining Company as part of a move to strengthen its monopoly.].
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[In 1899, Robert Harper and Company Pty Ltd converted the buildings to a starch factory, and various brick additions were constructed to designs by Hyndman and Bates, architects.(5)] When the sewerage was connected in 1899, a plan was drawn by the architects and this closely resembles the 1894 MMBW detail plan configuration. (6) .
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The buildings .. form the major part of the original factory complex on the site, one of the largest nineteenth century industrial sites in Victoria. The complex as a whole is significant for its large size and range of building types. The dramatic massing and height of the 9 Beach Street buildings gives them additional importance as local landmarks as viewed both from the surrounding streets and the sea..
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS.
The former Australasian Sugar Refining Company and Robert Harper starch factory complex can be compared with a number of other large nineteenth century industrial complexes in Melbourne. These include the former Yorkshire Brewery, Wellington Street, Collingwood (from 1876), the former Victoria Brewery, Victoria Parade, East Melbourne (established 1854), the former Kimpton's Flour Mill, Elizabeth Street, Kensington, the Thomas Brunt flour mill and Brockhoff and T.B. Guest biscuit factories complex, Laurens and Munster Streets, North Melbourne (from 1888-9) and the Joshua Bros (now CSR) sugar refinery, Whitehall Street, Yarraville (established 1873). All of these are representative of the development in Victoria of the manufacture of foodstuffs and related raw materials. Of these, the CSR refinery is the most directly comparable in terms of original function and the scale and massing of the buildings. Established significantly earlier than the Port Melbourne refinery, the site is larger and more intact..
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In the local context, the only other surviving industrial site of comparable scale is the Swallow and Ariell Biscuit Factory complex (q.v.). This complex is of state significance, and is considerably earlier, with parts dating from the 1850s. The predominantly two- and three-storey buildings, however, are of a different type to the former refinery and starch factory buildings..
Allom Lovell and Associates 1995 cite Jacobs Lewis Vines. Port Melbourne Conservation Study:.
In Orléans, the Loire is separated by a submerged dike known as the dhuis into the Grande Loire to the north, no longer navigable, and the Petite Loire to the south. This dike is just one part of a vast system of construction that previously allowed the Loire to remain navigable to this point.
The Loire was formerly an important navigation and trading route, and is at the heart of the city's foundation in the second century BC as a center of trade or emporium. More recently, during the 17th century, the river enabled Orleans to become a major hub for refining sugar, which was imported from the Caribbean via Nantes, and whose commerce boosted other aspects of the local economy, such as sweets, chocolate manufacturing, and paper for wrapping. In the 18th century, Orleans also acquired a reputation for producing vinegar, from local vineyards as well as wine traveling up the Loire.
With the increase in size of ocean-going ships, large ships can now navigate the estuary only up to about Nantes.
Boats on the river were traditionally flat-bottomed boats, with large but foldable masts so the sails could gather wind from above the river banks, but the masts could be lowered in order to allow the boats to pass under bridges. These vessels are known as "gabarre", "futreau", and so on, and may be viewed by tourists near pont Royal.
The river's irregular flow strongly limits traffic on it, in particular at its ascent, though this can be overcome by boats being given a tow.
An Inexplosible-type paddle steamer owned by the mairie was put in place in August 2007, facing Place de la Loire and containing a bar.
Every two years, the Festival de Loire recalls the role played by the river in the commune's history.
On the river's north bank, near the town centre, is the Canal d'Orléans, which connects to the Canal du Loing and the Canal de Briare at Buges near Montargis. The canal is no longer used along its whole length. Its route within Orléans runs parallel to the river, separated from it by a wall or muret, with a promenade along the top. Its last pound was transformed into an outdoor swimming pool in the 1960s, then filled in. It was reopened in 2007 for the "fêtes de Loire." There are plans to revive use of the canal for recreation and install a pleasure-boat port there.
Hotel Groslot is a beautiful Neo-Renaissance mansion on the Place de l'Etape next to the cathedral in Orleans. The mansion which once hosted King Charles IX, Henri IV and Catherine de Medicis is open for visitors to admire part of the interior. It is also known as the Grande Maison de l'Etape and the Maison de Gouverneur.
Explore the Hôtel de Groslot
The Hotel Groslot was built for the Groslot family in the mid sixteenth century. Jaques Groslot died before the house was completed and left the house to his wife and two sons. One of the sons Jérôme Groslot became the bailif of Orleans in 1545 and in October of 1560 King Francois II came to live in the Hotel Groslot with all his court as a protest against Jéroôme Groslot who was a supporter of the Protestant Reform.
Whilst at the hôtel he died and the crown passed to his ten year old son Charles IX and the regency passed to his mother Catherine de Medicis. Charles and his mother finally left the Hôtel Groslot in February 1561 after the court have been staying there for 5 months!
In 1758 the hôtel is sold to the municipality and in 1790 it becomes the town hall. In 1981 the town hall moved to no.1 Place de l'Etape and today some rooms are open to visitors and are also used for the wedding ceremony of residents of Orleans.
Inside the building you can visit the sumptously furnished salon d'honneur, the council chambers and the salon des marriages where Francois II died.
The salon d'honneur is beautifully furnished with ornate ceilings, pannelled walls and stained glass windows. The fireplace is decorated with the story of Joan of Arc whose history is closely linked with the city of Orleans. For more information see the story of Joan of Arc.
The stained glass windows include portraits of famous people including Joan of Arc and CharlesVII. Opposite the fireplace is a large painting of Joan of Arc. This is a copy of a painting by Pierre-August Pichon which was offered to the city by Napoleon the 3rd and is now exhibited in the Louvre at Paris.
Outside in the courtyard is a large statue of Joan of Arc realised by the Princess Marie of Orleans dates from the 19th century and if you look closely you can see bullet holes from battle for the liberation of Orleans in August 1944. There is a garden behind the building that is accessible from the Rue d'Escures.
The Hotel de Groslot is open every day except when a marriage is taking place and is free to visit.
The Hotel Groslot makes a mention in literature by Honoré de Balzac in the Comedie humaine, 'Sur Catherine de Medicis'.
Orléans is a city in north-central France, about 120 kilometres (74 miles) southwest of Paris. It is the prefecture of the department of Loiret and of the region of Centre-Val de Loire.
Orléans is located on the river Loire nestled in the heart of the Loire Valley, classified as a World Heritage Site, where the river curves south towards the Massif Central. In 2020, the city had 117,026 inhabitants within its municipal boundaries Orléans is the center of Orléans Métropole that has a population of 290,346.The larger metropolitan area has a population of 454,208, the 20th largest in France.
The city owes its development from antiquity to the commercial exchanges resulting from the river. An important river trade port, it was the headquarters of the community of merchants frequenting the Loire. It was the capital of the Kingdom of France during the Merovingian period and played an important role in the Hundred Years' War, particularly known for the role of Joan of Arc during the siege of Orléans. Every first week of May since 1432, the city pays homage to the "Maid of Orléans" during the Johannic Holidays which has been listed in the inventory of intangible cultural heritage in France. One of Europe's oldest universities was created in 1306 by Pope Clement V and re-founded in 1966 as the University of Orléans, hosting more than 20,000 students in 2019.
Orléans is located in the northern bend of the Loire, which crosses from east to west. Orléans belongs to the vallée de la Loire sector between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes-sur-Loire, which was in 2000 inscribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The capital of Orléanais, 120 kilometres southwest of Paris, is bordered to the north by the Beauce region, more specifically the Orléans Forest (French: forêt d'Orléans) and Orléans-la-Source neighbourhood, and the Sologne region to the south.
Five bridges in the city cross the Loire: Pont de l'Europe, Pont du Maréchal Joffre (also called Pont Neuf), Pont George-V (also called Pont Royal, carrying the commune tramway), Pont René-Thinat and Pont de Vierzon (rail bridge).
To the north of the Loire (rive droite) is to be found a small hill (102 m (335 ft) at the pont Georges-V, 110 m (360 ft) at the Place du Martroi) which gently rises to 125 m (410 ft) at la Croix Fleury, at the limits of Fleury-les-Aubrais. Conversely, the south (on the rive gauche) has a gentle depression to about 95 m (312 ft) above sea level (at Saint-Marceau) between the Loire and the Loiret, designated a "zone inondable" (flood-risk zone).
At the end of the 1960s, the Orléans-la-Source neighbourhood was created, 12 kilometres (7 mi)to the south of the original commune and separated from it by the Val d'Orléans and the river Loiret (whose source is in the Parc Floral de la Source). This quarter's altitude varies from about 100 to 110 m (330 to 360 ft).
In Orléans, the Loire is separated by a submerged dike known as the dhuis into the Grande Loire to the north, no longer navigable, and the Petite Loire to the south. This dike is just one part of a vast system of construction that previously allowed the Loire to remain navigable to this point.
The Loire was formerly an important navigation and trading route, and is at the heart of the city's foundation in the second century BC as a center of trade or emporium. More recently, during the 17th century, the river enabled Orleans to become a major hub for refining sugar, which was imported from the Caribbean via Nantes, and whose commerce boosted other aspects of the local economy, such as sweets, chocolate manufacturing, and paper for wrapping.[16] In the 18th century, Orleans also acquired a reputation for producing vinegar, from local vineyards as well as wine traveling up the Loire.
With the increase in size of ocean-going ships, large ships can now navigate the estuary only up to about Nantes.
Boats on the river were traditionally flat-bottomed boats, with large but foldable masts so the sails could gather wind from above the river banks, but the masts could be lowered in order to allow the boats to pass under bridges. These vessels are known as "gabarre", "futreau", and so on, and may be viewed by tourists near pont Royal.
The river's irregular flow strongly limits traffic on it, in particular at its ascent, though this can be overcome by boats being given a tow.
An Inexplosible-type paddle steamer owned by the mairie was put in place in August 2007, facing Place de la Loire and containing a bar.
Every two years, the Festival de Loire recalls the role played by the river in the commune's history.
On the river's north bank, near the town centre, is the Canal d'Orléans, which connects to the Canal du Loing and the Canal de Briare at Buges near Montargis. The canal is no longer used along its whole length. Its route within Orléans runs parallel to the river, separated from it by a wall or muret, with a promenade along the top. Its last pound was transformed into an outdoor swimming pool in the 1960s, then filled in. It was reopened in 2007 for the "fêtes de Loire." There are plans to revive use of the canal for recreation and install a pleasure-boat port there.
Cenabum was a Gaul stronghold, one of the principal towns of the tribe of the Carnutes where the Druids held their annual assembly. The Carnutes were massacred and the city was destroyed by Julius Caesar in 52 BC. In the late 3rd century AD, Roman Emperor Aurelian rebuilt the city and renamed it civitas Aurelianorum ("city of Aurelian") after himself. The name later evolved into Orléans.
In 442 Flavius Aetius, the Roman commander in Gaul, requested Goar, head of the Iranian tribe of Alans in the region to come to Orleans and control the rebellious natives and the Visigoths. Accompanying the Vandals, the Alans crossed the Loire in 408. One of their groups, under Goar, joined the Roman forces of Flavius Aetius to fight Attila when he invaded Gaul in 451, taking part in the Battle of Châlons under their king Sangiban. Goar established his capital in Orléans. His successors later took possession of the estates in the region between Orléans and Paris. Installed in Orléans and along the Loire, they were unruly (killing the town's senators when they felt they had been paid too slowly or too little) and resented by the local inhabitants. Many inhabitants around the present city have names bearing witness to the Alan presence – Allaines. Also many places in the region bear names of Alan origin.
Early Middle Ages
In the Merovingian era, the city was capital of the Kingdom of Orléans following Clovis I's division of the kingdom, then under the Capetians it became the capital of a county then duchy held in appanage by the house of Valois-Orléans. The Valois-Orléans family later acceded to the throne of France via Louis XII, then Francis I. In 1108, Louis VI of France became one of the few French monarchs to be crowned outside of Reims when he was crowned in Orléans cathedral by Daimbert, Archbishop of Sens.
High Middle Ages
The city was always a strategic point on the Loire, for it was sited at the river's most northerly point, and thus its closest point to Paris. There were few bridges over the dangerous river Loire, but Orléans had one of them, and so became – with Rouen and Paris – one of medieval France's three richest cities.
On the south bank the "châtelet des Tourelles" protected access to the bridge. This was the site of the battle on 8 May 1429 which allowed Joan of Arc to enter and lift the siege of the Plantagenets during the Hundred Years' War, with the help of the royal generals Dunois and Florent d'Illiers [fr]. The city's inhabitants have continued to remain faithful and grateful to her to this day, calling her "la pucelle d'Orléans" (the maid of Orléans), offering her a middle-class house in the city, and contributing to her ransom when she was taken prisoner.
1453 to 1699
Once the Hundred Years' War was over, the city recovered its former prosperity. The bridge brought in tolls and taxes, as did the merchants passing through the city. King Louis XI also greatly contributed to its prosperity, revitalising agriculture in the surrounding area (particularly the exceptionally fertile land around Beauce) and relaunching saffron farming at Pithiviers. Later, during the Renaissance, the city benefited from its becoming fashionable for rich châtelains to travel along the Loire valley (a fashion begun by the king himself, whose royal domains included the nearby châteaus at Chambord, Amboise, Blois, and Chenonceau).
The University of Orléans also contributed to the city's prestige. Specializing in law, it was highly regarded throughout Europe. John Calvin was received and accommodated there (and wrote part of his reforming theses during his stay), and in return Henry VIII of England (who had drawn on Calvin's work in his separation from Rome) offered to fund a scholarship at the university. Many other Protestants were sheltered by the city. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, better known by his pseudonym Molière, also studied law at the University, but was expelled for attending a carnival contrary to university rules.
From 13 December 1560 to 31 January 1561, the French States-General after the death of Francis II of France, the eldest son of Catherine de Médicis and Henry II. He died in the Hôtel Groslot in Orléans, with his queen Mary at his side.
The cathedral was rebuilt several times. The present structure had its first stone laid by Henry IV, and work on it took a century. It thus is a mix of late Renaissance and early Louis XIV styles, and one of the last cathedrals to be built in France.
1700–1900
When France colonised America, the territory it conquered was immense, including the whole Mississippi River (whose first European name was the River Colbert), from its mouth to its source at the borders of Canada. Its capital was named la Nouvelle-Orléans in honour of Louis XV's regent, the duke of Orléans, and was settled with French inhabitants against the threat from British troops to the north-east.
The Dukes of Orléans hardly ever visited their city since, as brothers or cousins of the king, they took such a major role in court life that they could hardly ever leave. The duchy of Orléans was the largest of the French duchies, starting at Arpajon, continuing to Chartres, Vendôme, Blois, Vierzon, and Montargis. The duke's son bore the title duke of Chartres. Inheritances from great families and marriage alliances allowed them to accumulate huge wealth, and one of them, Philippe Égalité, is sometimes said to have been the richest man in the world at the time. His son, King Louis-Philippe I, inherited the Penthièvre and Condé family fortunes.
1852 saw the creation of the Compagnies ferroviaires Paris-Orléans and its famous gare d'Orsay in Paris. In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the city again became strategically important thanks to its geographical position, and was occupied by the Prussians on 13 October that year. The armée de la Loire was formed under the orders of General d'Aurelle de Paladines and based itself not far from Orléans at Beauce.
1900 to present
During the Second World War, the German army made the Orléans Fleury-les-Aubrais railway station one of their central logistical rail hubs. The Pont Georges V was renamed "pont des Tourelles". A transit camp for deportees was built at Beaune-la-Rolande. During the war, the American Air Force heavily bombed the city and the train station, causing much damage. The city was one of the first to be rebuilt after the war: the reconstruction plan and city improvement initiated by Jean Kérisel and Jean Royer was adopted as early as 1943, and work began as early as the start of 1945. This reconstruction in part identically reproduced what had been lost, such as Royale and its arcades, but also used innovative prefabrication techniques, such as îlot 4 under the direction of the architect Pol Abraham.
The big city of former times is today an average-sized city of 250,000 inhabitants. It is still using its strategically central position less than an hour from the French capital to attract businesses interested in reducing transport costs.
Heraldry
According to Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun in La France Illustrée, 1882, Orléans's arms are "gules, three caillous in cœurs de lys argent, and on a chief azure, three fleurs de lys Or." Charle Grandmaison, in the Dictionnaire Héraldique of 1861, states that it is "Or, with three hearts in gules", without the chief of France. Faulty designs sometimes describe it as "gules, three fleurs de lys argent, and on a chief azure three fleurs de lys Or."
The "cœurs de lys", or heart of a lily, is not a true lily, which would have 6 tepals, but a stylized or symbolic lily. Certain authors solve the problem by calling this symbol a "tiercefeuille", defined as a stemless clover leaf, with one leaf at the top and two below, thus making this coat of arms "gules, with three reversed tiercefeuilles in argent, etc".
Motto
"Hoc vernant lilia corde" (granted by Louis XII, then duke of Orléans), meaning "It is by this heart that lilies flourish" or "This heart makes lilies flourish", referring to the fleur de lys, symbol of the French royal family.
Orléans is the birthplace of:
Sophie Adriansen (born 1982), French writer
Patrick Barul (born 1977), football player
Joelly Belleka (born 1995), basketball player
Raoul Blanchard (1877–1965), geographer
Maxence Boitez (Ridsa) (born 1990), singer
Patrick Bornhauser (born 1957), racing driver
Raymond Brugère (1885-1966), diplomat.
Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery (1797–1849), anatomist
Félix Cazot (1790–1857), classical pianist and composer
Philippe Chanlot (born 1967), football player
Marion Cotillard (born 1975), actress, not born in Orléans, but grew up there
Gilles Delouche (1948–2020), linguist
Étienne Dolet (1509–1546), scholar and printer
Joël-François Durand (born 1954), composer
Jean-Louis Ferrary (1948–2020), historian
Georges Fleury (1878–1968), cyclist
Albert Gombault (1844–1904), neurologist
Guillaume Gomez (born 1969), racing driver
Jacques Guillemeau (1550–1613), physician
Albert Guyot (1881–1947), racing driver
Étienne Hubert (1567–1614), Arabist
Gaston d'Illiers (1876–1932), sculptor
Isaac Jogues (1607–1646), Jesuit missionary
Stanislas Julien (1797–1873), orientalist
Gustave Lanson (1857–1934), historian
Pierre Levesville (1570–1632), Renaissance architect
Anatole Loquin (1834–1903), writer and musicologist
Yven Moyo (born 1992), football player
Yves-Marie Pasquet (born 1947), composer
Charles Péguy (1873–1914), poet and essayist
Antoine Petit (1722–1794), physician
Lamine Sambe (born 1989), basketball player
Yacine Sene (born 1982), basketball player
Florian Thauvin (born 1993), football player
Christophe Tinseau (born 1969), racing driver
Jean Zay (1904–1944), jurist and politician
Historical landmarks
The Gallo-Roman town-wall on the north side of the cathedral (4th century AD) and along the rue de la Tour-Neuve
The Hôtel Groslot, built between 1550 and 1555 for Jacques Groslot, "bailli d'Orléans" by Jacques Ier Androuet du Cerceau. King François II of France died there in 1560. Kings Charles IX, Henri III of France and Henri IV of France stayed there. The "Hôtel" was restored in 1850. The building became the town Hall of Orléans in 1790 (weddings are still celebrated inside).
The hôtel de la Vieille Intendance (early 15th century) (otherwise named hôtel Brachet, formerly "The King's house"), real gothic-renaissance style château made of bricks.[27] Nowadays housing the Administrative Court of Orléans. One can admire its frontage from the entrance in the rue de la Bretonnerie. Yet, the building – which sheltered the highest figures of the kingdom passing by the city, and maybe some kings themselves (Henri IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV of France) – can easily be observed from its gardens, opened to the public (entrance rue d'Alsace-Lorraine).
The hôtel de la Motte-Sanguin (18th century) and its gardens, manor built at the behest of Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1747–1793), cousin of the King Louis XVI. He was surnamed "Philippe Égalité" / "equality" referring to his support to the 1789 revolutionaries. Nicknamed "the richest man on earth" he voted in favour of the death penalty against his own cousin the king Louis XVI, and suffered the same fate himself. This is a classic style princely residence (and even royal, since Philippe Égalité's heir accessed the throne of France under the name of Louis-Philippe Ier). It is part of a public park opened to the public (via the Solférino street).
The school of artillery, next to the Hôtel de la Motte-Sanguin which it is often confused with, formerly housing a military school, it was built in the 19th century near the Loire.[28]
Remains of the University of Orléans (a 15th-century building housing the thesis room), founded in 1306 by pope Clement V, in which, among many other great historical figures, the Protestant John Calvin studied and taught. The University was so famous that it attracted students from all over Europe, particularly Germany. The city of Orléans is one of the cradles of Protestantism.
The House of Louis XI (end of the 15th century), on Saint-Aignan square. Built at the behest of the king, who particularly revered Saint Aignan.
The House of Joan of Arc, where she stayed during the siege of Orléans (this is actually an approximate reconstitution, the original building being bombed in 1940 during the Battle of France).
Place du Martroi, heart of the city, with the equestrian statue of Joan of Arc at its centre, made by Denis Foyatier. This statue was damaged during the Second World War, then repaired by Paul Belmondo, father of the famous 1950s to 1980s French actor.
Duke of Orléans' Chancellerie (XVIIIe), located next to the Place du Matroi, also bombed during the Second World War, only the frontage resisted.
The Bannier gate-house, discovered in 1986 under the statue of Joan of Arc (Place du Martroi). It was built in the 14th century. It can be seen through a window in the subterranean car-park under the square, or visited under certain conditions.
The rue de Bourgogne and surrounding streets, Orléans' main street since the Antiquity, it's the former Roman decumanus, crossing the city from east to west. Joan of Arc entered the city in 1429 by the "Bourgogne" gatehouse situated at its Easter end. Until today it is still giving access to the "Prefecture", where the "Prefet" (officer who represents the French State in the Region) lives, many pubs, night clubs, restaurants and shops such as the "Galeries Lafayette". It is more than a mile long. One can admire many medieval houses on its sides.
The Tour Blanche / White Tower, it is one of the only medieval defensive towers remaining in the city (still in use at the time of the siege of Orléans). It nowadays houses the city's archaeological department.
The Docks, (Port of Orléans) once the most important inland port of France (18th century). While boats could not sail on the river Seine because of the windings, they could sail to Orléans on the river Loire with the wind in their back. Then the merchandise was brought to Paris by roadways. Wine, and sugar from the colonies, were shipped to Orléans where they were stored and refined. Vinegar is still a city speciality due to the lapsing of wine stocks during the shipment. One can admire the old pavement of the docks (18th and 19th centuries) on the north bank of the river in the city and on the island in the middle, that was used to channel the water
The Hôpital Madeleine (former hospital), built by King Louis XIV (18th century) and his successors (notably an important part of the 18th century).
Saint-Charles chapel, located within the grounds of the Madeleine Hospital, it was built in 1713 by Jacques V Gabriel, one of Louis XIV's architects.
The Hôtel Cabu, otherwise named house of Diane de Poitiers, built at the behest of Philippe Cabu, barrister, in 1547, famous architect Jacques Ier Androuet du Cerceau providing the plans.
The Hôtel Hatte, 16th century. Today's Charles-Péguy Center.
The Hôtel Toutin, 16th century
The Hôtel Pommeret d'Orléans, 16th century
The Hôtel Ducerceau, 16th century
The maison de la coquille, 16th century
The Hôtel des Créneaux, former city hall, flanked by its bell tower (15th century). It nowadays houses the city's school of music. This is a magnificent piece of late gothic secular architecture (15th century) that calls to mind the famous and much more recent Parisian city hall.
The House of Jean Dalibert, 16th century
The Study of Jacques Bouchet (16th century), which can be admired from the public square "Jacques Bouchet"
The mansions, rue d'Escure (17th and 18th centuries)
The "Préfecture" : former Benedictine monastery, built in 1670 and housing the "Préfecture du Loiret" since 1800.
The Pont de l'Europe, designed by Santiago Calatrava, is an inclined bow-string ark bridge particularly original.
The Pont Royal / George V Royal bridge, the oldest bridge of the city. Built between 1751 and 1760, at the request of Daniel-Charles Trudaine, administrator and civil engineer. It was renamed in honour of King George V after the World War I out of respect of Britain's role in the war.
The Pont des Tourelles, built in 1140 and demolished in 1760, was the first stone-made bridge of Orléans. When the river Loire is low, one can see remains of it in the water
The Palais épiscopal d'Orléans, former Bishop's Palace. It was built between 1635 and 1641. Napoléon stayed there. It is nowadays housing the international centre for research, part of University of Orléans.
The courthouse (18th to 20th centuries)
The "salle de l'Institut", located on the "place Sainte Croix", is a small concert hall which can be converted into a ballroom. Its acoustics are remarkable.
Mansions, rue de la Bretonnerie. This street concentrates many particular mansions, of all styles and ages (15th to 20th centuries). High society members, politicians, barristers, doctors... continue to live there.
Mansions, rue d'Alsace-Lorraine, 19th-century bourgeoisie style houses.
Statue La Baigneuse by Paul Belmondo, aside the rue Royale (1955).
Statue of Calvin, by Daniel Leclercq, facing the Calvinist temple (2009).
The FRAC Centre building named "Les turbulences", an advanced piece of architecture covered with L.E.Ds.
Memorial Museum to the Children of Vel d'Hiv at the Centre d'étude et de recherche sur les camps d'internement du Loiret (Study and Research Centre on the Internment Camps in Loiret), commemorating over 4,000 Jewish children who were concentrated at the Vélodrome d´Hiver cycling arena in Paris in July 1942, after which they were interned at either Pithiviers or Beaune-la-Rolande, and eventually deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp.
Many historical houses and mansions (hundreds) can still be admired in the city centre, which is one of the largest in France due to the great importance of the city until the 20th century. The historical centre dating back to the 15th century extends far beyond the limits of the pedestrian sector that has been extensively restored in the past few years. In fact it corresponds to the portion of the modern city which is enclosed by the Boulevards. Many historical monuments remain in the non-pedestrian sectors of the city (for example, at rue Notre-Dame-de-Recouvrance, at rue des Carmes, at rue de la Bretonnerie, at Square Saint-Aignan).
Australasian Sugar Refining Company complex 1891, 1899 at conversion to apartments in the 1980s.
Designers: Hyndman and Bates.
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`The site of the factory was included in Section 2B [of the original Port Melbourne survey], which was surveyed into four allotments early in the history of Sandridge. By November 1860 three of these had been purchased by A. Ross, joining William Jones, S.G. Henty and P. Lalor as owners of the section (2)..
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In February 1890, the Melbourne Tram and Omnibus Company Limited, had stables, offices, land and an omnibus repository on the section.(3) [Most of the present buildings on the site date from 1891, when the Australasian Sugar Refining Company established a refinery.(4)] On the MMBW detail plan dated 1894, the section is labelled 'sugar works' and the configuration of buildings approximately conforms with the present layout. [The refinery was closed in 1894 following its purchase by the Colonial Sugar Refining Company as part of a move to strengthen its monopoly.].
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[In 1899, Robert Harper and Company Pty Ltd converted the buildings to a starch factory, and various brick additions were constructed to designs by Hyndman and Bates, architects.(5)] When the sewerage was connected in 1899, a plan was drawn by the architects and this closely resembles the 1894 MMBW detail plan configuration. (6) .
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The buildings .. form the major part of the original factory complex on the site, one of the largest nineteenth century industrial sites in Victoria. The complex as a whole is significant for its large size and range of building types. The dramatic massing and height of the 9 Beach Street buildings gives them additional importance as local landmarks as viewed both from the surrounding streets and the sea..
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS.
The former Australasian Sugar Refining Company and Robert Harper starch factory complex can be compared with a number of other large nineteenth century industrial complexes in Melbourne. These include the former Yorkshire Brewery, Wellington Street, Collingwood (from 1876), the former Victoria Brewery, Victoria Parade, East Melbourne (established 1854), the former Kimpton's Flour Mill, Elizabeth Street, Kensington, the Thomas Brunt flour mill and Brockhoff and T.B. Guest biscuit factories complex, Laurens and Munster Streets, North Melbourne (from 1888-9) and the Joshua Bros (now CSR) sugar refinery, Whitehall Street, Yarraville (established 1873). All of these are representative of the development in Victoria of the manufacture of foodstuffs and related raw materials. Of these, the CSR refinery is the most directly comparable in terms of original function and the scale and massing of the buildings. Established significantly earlier than the Port Melbourne refinery, the site is larger and more intact..
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In the local context, the only other surviving industrial site of comparable scale is the Swallow and Ariell Biscuit Factory complex (q.v.). This complex is of state significance, and is considerably earlier, with parts dating from the 1850s. The predominantly two- and three-storey buildings, however, are of a different type to the former refinery and starch factory buildings..
Allom Lovell and Associates 1995 cite Jacobs Lewis Vines. Port Melbourne Conservation Study:.
dude runs through all the steps to refine the coca leaves, roughly as follows, but don't quote me on this:
1. take a weed wacker to 300kg of leaves
2. add copious amounts of gasoline, this absorbs the cocaine, drain and compost leaf mulch
3. to get rid of the gas, mix in sulphuric acid and water, put in big drum, wait a while
3. solution seperates, cocaine and acid mixture floats to the top, siphon off gas, reuse
4. add sodium bicarbonate to get rid of acid, need lots of this stuff, buy this from the guerillas
5. the cocaine crystalizes in the solution, filter and there you go
missed a couple steps, think the gas fumes were getting to me, but end product isnt yet ready for use, have to remove the remaining bicarbonate or it will destroy your nostrils. the guerillas dont want the individual farmers using the stuff they make, eh?
FYI, personally do not condone the use or manufacture of cocaine. it perpetuates exploitation on so many levels. the above is meant to show how dangerous and damaging the processing is.
Clayton, GA (Rabun County). Copyright 2007 D. Nelson
The Kendall Refining Company was founded in 1881 by William Willis, E. R.Loomis and R. H. Childs in Bradford, PA to refine local Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil into kerosene, lubricants and greases.
Bradford, PA, named a local creek after the then U.S. Postmaster General, Amos Kendall in an effort to get approval for its own post office, a request that was granted in 1841. Because Amos Kendall was also the founder of Gallaudet University, the world's first college for the deaf, it is often believed that the Kendall Oil two-finger logo represented the letter "K" in sign language. However, Kendall Oil insists that the logo has nothing to do with sign language. Instead, it stands for 2000, the number of miles a car could go between oil changes at a time when changing the oil every 500 miles was the norm. The company was named Kendall not because any connections to Amos Kendall or the deaf, but simply because of its location on Kendall Creek.
The company still makes lubricants today. The product line includes engine and transmission oils, gear lubricants, hydraulic fluids and greases. Kendall is now a registered trademark of the ConocoPhillips Company.
I'm really enjoying this marbling process. Refining it to get more control. Next time, more gold! There's a lot of fiddling to make this shape, though. Polymer doesn't like to turn sharp corners unless you cut it. And it's hard to have a continuous pattern when you cut it. Now to make it easy for YOU to do it...that's where most of the research in a tutorial comes in!
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#polymerclay #polyclay #polymerclayvessel #polymerclayvase #vessel #vase #marbledvase #fauxmarble #fauxgranite #fauxstone #marbledvase #diydecor #plantpot #sculpey #premo #sculpty #tutorialcomingsoon #squarevase #containersandvessels #the100dayproject #tbbt100 #tbbtvessels
Petcoke is a by-product of crude oil refining. It is a thick, black, powdery dust that is being stored in huge mounds along the Calumet River on Chicago's far southeast side 10th ward not far from the Indiana border.
Just across the border in Whiting, Indiana is the British Petroleum processing plant that produces the petcoke. Right now, the plant produces around 2,000 tons of the stuff every day, but that is set to rise to around 6,000 tons.
Residents of the mostly African-American and Latino 10th ward are angry because the dust blows around their neighborhood and covers everything with a layer of fine powder. They cannot open their windows. Each day they have to wipe the dust off of furniture, appliances, etc. Yet, even that is not good enough for the dust even enters homes through chimneys and furnaces. Dust gets in children's eyes and cases of asthma are on the rise. A resident even said that her kid's birthday party was ruined when some of the black dust blew into their backyard and covered the food, so they were forced to throw it out and end the celebration. There is also worry about the long-term effects of being exposed to whatever materials or elements are contained in the dust.
So far, the city of Chicago has been slow to react to the concerns of local residents. Mayor Emanuel has an ordinance on the table to regulate petcoke, but critics say that it contains a loophole that might allow companies to continue to store petcoke along the river.
A spokesman for 10th ward alderman John Pope said that ' they want to make sure they get everything right legally, not only to protect the area residents, but also the businesses involved'.
One of the installations involved is KCBX, owned by Koch Industries, which itself is owned the climate denying Koch brothers, Charles and David. The facility does have a large water sprinkler system in place that is designed to prevent the dust from spreading, but residents say that it does not do the job.
After refining my scanning / post processing workflow, I had to give the Story Bridge shot a revision. Here is the result.
Taken at mid-morning on a windy July day.
Linhof Technika III
Shen Hao 6x12 Back
Schneider Super Angulon 65mm f/8
Hoya Circular Polariser
Kodak Portra 160VC @ 100
f/22, 1/30 second
Scanned on a Microtek i700
Commonwealth Oil Refining Company, Inc. (CORCO) was an oil refinery established in the towns of Peñuelas and Guayanilla in Puerto Rico in the middle of the 20th century. The project started as part of Operation Bootstrap with the first unit being constructed in 1954. The company started operations in 1955 and was finally incorporated on May 19, 1963. Corco represented an investment of $25 million and had the capacity to refine 23,500 barrels (3,740 m3) of oil daily. Hugo David Storer Tavarez was one of the men in charge of the CORCO being established in Puerto Rico.
The refinery is located in an 800-acre (3.2 km2) site, and consists of numerous storage tanks and waste treatment units typical of petroleum refineries. CORCO has been inactive since 1982, and now functions as a terminal for the marine transportation and land-based storage of crude oil and petroleum products.
After the refinery ceased operations, an entity called Desarrollo Integral del Sur (South Integral Development) began developing a long-term plan for the reuse of the terrains and properties.
Title: Atlantic Refining Co.
Creator: Richie, Robert Yarnall
Date: July 1957
Part Of: Robert Yarnall Richie Photograph Collection
Physical Description: 1 negative: film, black and white; 10.4 x 13.4 cm.
File: ag1982_0234_4496_099_atlanticrefiningco_sm_opt.jpg
Rights: Please cite DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University when using this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained for a fee. For details see the sites.smu.edu/cul/degolyer/research/permissions/ web page. For other information, contact degolyer@smu.edu.
For more information, see: digitalcollections.smu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ryr/id/642
View the Robert Yarnall Richie Photograph Collection digitalcollections.smu.edu/all/cul/ryr/
DMC Luxury from Germany refines the Ferrari F12 with a Carbon Fiber Body Kit, new forged alloy rims / wheels, engine performance package and new titanium exhaust system.
This is the theme of our annual Clear Youth Conference. It's all about refining our relationship with God and getting our bad habits and hang-ups out of the way so God can use us. Fire is the ultimate refining agent, so what better iconic element to use?
File name: 10_03_000196b
Binder label: Meat
Title: Professor A. Hogge of N. K. Fairbank & Co.'s refining college [back]
Date issued: 1870 - 1900 (approximate)
Physical description: 1 print : chromolithograph ; 11 x 8 cm.
Genre: Advertising cards
Subject: Swine; Corn; Oils & fats; Animals in human situations
Notes: Title from item. Retailer: The Natick Protective Union, corner of Main and Pond Sts, Natick, Mass.
Statement of responsibility: N. K. Fairbank & Co.
Collection: 19th Century American Trade Cards
Location: Boston Public Library, Print Department
Rights: No known restrictions.
Tate and Lyle employ directly over 500 staff at the refinery in Silvertown, which has occupied the current site for over 130 years. Theirs is the last major industry on the Thames bank.
Tate agreed the GBP211 million sale of its European sugar-refining business, which includes its golden syrup and cane sugar refineries on the River Thames at Silvertown, and has given American Sugar Refining Inc. a perpetual worldwide licence to use the famous brand name.
It is the first transfer of ownership for the plants since they were established by Sir Henry Tate and Abraham Lyle.
[Info. source: London Evening Standard 01/Jul/2010 ] London Borough of Newham.
©2010 All Rights Reserved
DETALLES:
▪ EAN: 4005800277368
▪ Categoría: Anti Edad
DESCRIPCIÓN:
Un sérum ultraligero que reduce las primeras líneas de expresión, minimiza los poros y con protección antioxidante. Rellena las arrugas y protege contra los radicales libres. Ideal para conseguir una piel suave como la seda.
PROPIEDADES:
Apto para todo tipo de pieles, incluida la piel con tendencia acneica. Textura no grasa, se absorbe rápidamente. Base excelente para maquillaje.
COMPOSICIÓN:
Ácido Glicólico
Ácido Hialurónico
Ácido Láctico
Antioxidantes
MODO DE EMPLEO:
- Tras limpiar y tonificar, aplica el producto en tu rutina de cuidado de la piel, por la mañana o por la noche.
- El producto podría aumentar la sensibilidad de la piel al sol, por lo que recomendamos utilizar una crema hidratante de día con FPS después de usar el producto y durante una semana posterior al tratamiento.
- Por la noche, aplica una crema de tratamiento de noche.
- Para conseguir unos resultados óptimos, utilízalo en combinación con los otros productos de la gama Eucerin Hyaluron-Filler
Ver más información en la página web: www.eucerin.es/productos/hyaluron-filler/skin-refining-serum
LINEA Vincerò
Mansory refines the
Bugatti Veyron 16.4
“Vincerò! Vincerò! – I will win“, that is the self-confident exclamation from Nessun Dorma, probably the most famous tenor aria from Giacomo Puccini´s opera Turandot. And Vincerò is also the name of the latest automobile accessory line by refining specialist Mansory. Mansory already finds many parallels for the new name: The plot of the aria stems from a Persian tale of 1001 days which also relates to the standard motorisation of the Bugatti Veyron 16.4 with 1,001 hp. On the other hand, it should also refer to the origin of Kourosh Mansory, the founder and CEO of Mansory Corporation. And the opera has another reference to the offered product portfolio by ending after three acts. The LINEA Vincerò edition is also not infinite – the project is strictly limited.
It goes without saying that such a sonorous name is only suitable for an absolutely high-quality programme. Already the Bugatti Veyron serial edition sets standards in terms of price, maximum speed and engine power and leaves its competitors far behind when a contender for the super sports car is to be crowned. Whoever now thinks that everything possible has been achieved, can be proved wrong. Already visually, the changes clearly show. The front part gets a comprehensive face-lift including modified wings, a shorter hood and a striking front apron. The LED daytime running lights integrated in the front mount and the implemented stylised “V” as a special tribute to the name “Vincerò” draw even more attention to the car.
The newly developed side skirts are the visual and aerodynamic connection between the axles. Larger air outlets at the sides and at the back render optimal engine cooling and in combination with the new diffuser, they underline the powerful car design. Mansory manufactures nearly all auto body parts from ultra-light and high-strength carbon.
The applied hardening technique with strong pressure and high temperatures in the autoclave thereby enormously improve the material quality.
In order to perfect the entire visual appearance, Mansory devised new, striking fully-forged turbine-design wheels for the Linea Vincerò in serial dimensions.
Also, the power engine is refined by Mansory. Technical innovation is combined with technical expertise and thereby, an increased cooling air supply and optimised exhaust system produce an unbelievable 1109 hp and 1310 Nm.
The interior is exclusive and yet functional. Also here, Mansory understands how luxury and technology can be harmonically combined. When traditional craftsmanship, selected materials and stylish design merge, the result is an interior of automobile excellence.
This mainly shows by the LED lights of the new Ambiente-Illumination-System which are fitted in the seats, door linings and the dashboard. The entire passenger compartment glows in a soft light which does not only render a comfortable feeling, but also emphasises the high-quality carbon applications and the especially grained leather. The ergonomically designed airbag steering wheel is both sportive and particularly pliable and is equipped with rocker switches.
From www.nebraskamemories.org/cdm/ref/collection/opl/id/259
American Smelting and Refining Co., later known as Asarco, consolidated several plants on April 4, 1889. A quarter of a century later, the Asarco plant at the corner of 5th & Douglas Streets was the largest lead refinery in the world. In 1972, scientists discovered the plant was releasing high amounts of lead into Omaha's air. Asarco submitted a plan in 1995 for demolition of the plant and cleanup of the site. The plant closed in 1997 and by 2001 the old Asarco site was donated to the city and renamed "Lewis and Clark Landing". Source: Wakeley, Arthur. Omaha: The Gate City and Douglas County Nebraska, Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, c1917, p. 286-88 and Omaha World Herald/Proquest Newsstand database.
Removes shortest hairs & visibly refines skin.
Braun introduces a world premiere: The most effcient Wet & Dry epilator now comes with an innovative exfoliation brush. 2 beauty treatments in 1 device – for touchably smoother & visibly more radiant skin.
The epilator removes shortest, finest hairs for up to 4 weeks of smooth skin. That’s longlastingness shaving can’t match. The exfoliation brush removes dead skin cells with massaging micro-vibrations to bring out your natural skin glow. For results comparable to professional exfoliation.
Pouring Anodes from Refining Furnace, Anaconda Reduction Works
Image taken from p 40 The Anaconda Reduction Works, July 1920.
Unique ID: mze-anac1920p 40
Type: Pamphlet
Contributors: Anaconda Copper Mining Company
Date Digital: July 2010
Date Original: 1920
Source: Butte Digital Image Project at Montana Memory Project (read the book)
Library: Butte-Silver Bow Public Library in Butte, Montana, USA.
Rights Info: Public Domain. Not in Copyright. Please see Montana Memory project Copyright statement and Conditions of Use (for more information, click here). Some rights reserved. Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works.
More information about the Montana Memory Project: Montana's Digital Library and Archives.
More information about the Butte-Silver Bow Public Library.
Search the Butte-Silver Bow Public Library Catalog.
This poster is a walk through on Quick Selection Tool, Refine Edge and Refine Mask, which together make selections accurately and easily in Photoshop CS5. The tutorial is here : photoshopper27.blogspot.com/2011/03/quick-selection-refin...