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Today, my sister turns sixteen. I have failed in my goal to turn her into either a nun or a lesbian, the reasoning being that neither one would result in an unwanted pregnancy. I have scared her straight enough to finish school without trying drugs(hopefully) or letting her boyfriend do dirty dirty things to her. Much as, in the role of brother, I hate to even think about such things, I have no choice, as I occasionally obsess about every single thing in this world that seeks to keep my sister from being a rocket scientist. Sometimes it's the drummer in the school band who wants to make smoochy smoochy. Sometimes it's the uncle who believes in neither evolution or dinosaurs. Only two more years of buying her shoes in an attempt to buy both love and a pledge of staying on the straight & narrow. Then she'll go to whatever college she wants, and I can breathe easy.
For at the very least, a good five seconds.
Happy birthday, Hyacinth, you sasquatch.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some of the wealth of evidence can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimantary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow.
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle, the Principle of Original Horizontality and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion of sedimentary deposits in perfectly, still water. Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 18/01/2018, This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
One of the more interesting live requests I’ve received recently was for “John Barleycorn,” requested here last weekend in its guise as the title track of a 1970 album by Steve Winwood’s Traffic . I enjoy the song partly for its Joycean associations, and partly because it was a staple at the Crewe Sing Out folk club, The Brunswick, where I first encountered traditional song as a youth. Wikipedia notes that “Countless versions of this song exist. A version of the song is included in the Bannatyne Manuscript of 1568, and English broadside versions from the 17th century are common. Robert Burns published his own version in 1782, and modern versions abound. Burns's version makes the tale somewhat mysterious and, although not the original, it became the model for most subsequent versions of the ballad. . . .
Some have interpreted the story of John Barleycorn as representing a pagan practice. It has also been suggested that John Barleycorn, or rather an early form of the song, may have been used by the early church in Saxon England to ease the conversion of pagans to Christianity from their native Anglo-Saxon polytheism. The reasoning behind this idea is that John Barleycorn represented the ideology of nature cycles, spirits and the harvest of the pagan religion (and may have represented human sacrifice also) but that the song was Christianized in order to show John Barleycorn as a Christ-like figure.
Barleycorn, the personification of the barley, encounters great suffering before succumbing to an unpleasant death. However, as a result of this death bread can be produced; therefore, Barleycorn dies so that others may live. Finally his body will be eaten as the bread. Compare this with the Christian concepts of the Sacrament and of Transubstantiation and it is not difficult to imagine how the song might have been beneficial to Christianity. A popular hymn, "We Plough the Fields and Scatter", is often sung at Harvest Festival to the same tune” (John Barleycorn).
Wikipedia also cites an association with Frazer’s The Golden Bough, the possibility of masonic imagery in Burns’s version, and a long list of modern versions: “Fire + Ice, Gae Bolg, Bert Jansch, The John Renbourn Group, Pentangle, Martin Carthy, the Watersons, Steeleye Span, Jethro Tull, Fairport Convention, The Minstrels of Mayhem, Frank Black, Chris Wood, Woody Lissauer, Maddy Prior, Heather Alexander, Tim van Eyken and many other performers. The song is also a central part of Simon Emmerson's The Imagined Village project. Martin and Eliza Carthy perform the song alongside Paul Weller on The Imagined Village album. Billy Bragg sang in Weller's place on live performances” (John Barleycorn).
I sing a version with a chorus (“There’s beer all in the barrel . . .” etc.) which is often left out. I’ve also been doing an Irish song called “The Curragh of Kildare,” picked up from Cherish the Ladies, which lacks the chorus in its Scots manifestation as a Burns ballad “The Winter It Is Past.” Paraic Keane (a Dubliner himself) was surprised when I introduced “Peggy Gordon” as Scottish recently, saying he thought it was a Dublin song. At Mudcat Café, a popular spot for cyberfolkies to discuss arcana, it’s been theorized that Peggy Gordon’s got Nova Scotian ingredients, as “it doesn't fit that travelling to England from Scotland would be far across the briny sea, ye could just get a bus!”
For Easter on Sunday at The Field, I performed Ralph McTell’s “Jesus Wept,” deliberately leaving out one (excellent) verse so as not to cause anybody to choke:
“Rumours started flying, about water into wine
Giving sight to the blind, and that he’d even raised the dead.
And the biggest miracle was that everyone believed them
And that’s why Jesus wept.”
However, my most interesting discovery this week concerned the song “Spancil Hill,” which I’ve started doing. John and Eamonn expressed approval of my version, but said it sounds very little like any version they’ve heard before. I actually modified it from the singing of my friend Bobby O’Donovan, the narrative of an exile waking in a dream surrounded by his old schoolfriends proving irresistible. I’d wondered who was responsible for what appeared to me to be a feat of narrative imagination, and on getting around to it this week I found to my astonishment that it’s a true story :
“All the characters and places in this song are real.
Spancil Hill (or "Spancilhill") is also the name of the "District Electoral Division" as well of a small settlement in East County Clare, about 5 km east of Ennis, on the regional road (R352) to Tulla. However, the actual name of the central settlement is "Cross of Spancilhill", as mentioned in the song. The area was originally called Cnoc Fuar Choile (the hill of the cold wood), a name that was somehow anglicised to Spancil Hill.
Michael Considine was born around 1850 and emigrated to the USA from Spancillhill at around 1870. Some of his siblings came with him, but some stayed behind. One of his brothers, Patrick, died, leaving his widow to look after a five month old son called John.
Working in Boston for about two years, he went to the USA with the intention of bringing his sweetheart over and for them to be married when he had made enough money for the passage. His sweetheart was "Mack the Ranger's daughter" and not "Ned the Farmer's daughter" as in the popularised version. The Ranger's house was within eyesight from Michael Considine's home as was the tailor Quigley's.
He stayed in Boston for two years or so before moving to California. At the age of 23, he suffered from ill health for a long time and, knowing he hadn't long to live, he wrote the poem "Spancilhill" to be sent home in remembrance of his love and it was kept safe by his six year old nephew, John Considine.
Michael Considine died sometime in 1873. And it seems that he went home somehow, either dead or alive, as he is buried in the Spancilhill graveyard. Mary MacNamara remained faithful to his memory and never married.
On a discussion forum on mudcat.org, Frank McGrath from the Nenagh Singer Circle reports how the original version was handed down:
In the late 1930s or early '40s, Robbie McMahon, a local folk singer and composer, during an Irish traditional music session in Spancil Hill, was in a neighbour's house with some friends singing when someone suggested singing "Spancillhill". The woman of the house, Moira Keane, left the room and when she came back said, "If ye are going to sing that song ye might as well sing it right" and she gave Robbie the original song.
Some time later at another session in the parish Robbie was asked to sing "Spancilhill" when a gruff voice in the corner growled out "Don't sing that song". When asked "Why not?" the voice barked back " 'Cos ye don't know it."
Robbie, however insisted he did and launched into the version he'd gotten from Moira Keane. After singing a few lines Robbie noticed the gruff man sitting up and paying attention. As Robbie progressed with the song the gruff man foostered more and more with his cap and became agitated. When the song ended, the gruff voice in the corner demanded "Where did ya get that song?". The gruff old man seemed both perturbed and pleased.
Moira Keane was the gruff man's aunt and the gruff man was 76 year old John Considine, who had kept his uncle Mike's song safe for 70 years” (Spancil Hill).
Berrhug. “Ye Wish Ye Were Where?” Thesession.org. Feb 17 2004. Online. Internet. Accessed March 24 2008. Available: www.thesession.org/discussions/display/2948/comments
“John Barleycorn.” Wikipedia. Online. Internet. Accessed March 24 2008. Available: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Barleycorn
McTell, Ralph. “Jesus Wept.” Sand in Your Shoes. C.D.: Red House, 1995.
“Spancil Hill.” Wikipedia. Online. Internet. Accessed March 24 2008. Available: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spancill_Hill
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle, Principle of Original Horizontality and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident, and subsequently eroded by water flow revealing the strata/layers.
Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Photographed 17/11/2018 This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
The law of superposition falsified:
malagabay.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/law-of-superpositio...
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
Every single day of our lives we wake up thinking of achieving something. We have a clear image of what we want in our minds, ideas about what we expect, about how things should be, about what we deserve. Ideas about the final result of our actions according to our linear and logical reasoning which often forgets that change can happen (...)
read more on my blog: myhealingmoments.blogspot.com.es/2013/05/day-36580.html
CHIBITRONICS CIRCUIT ART + OZOBOTS ROBOTIC PROGRAMMING
One of the STEAM Camp’s key missions is to create innovative ways to play, learn and socially interact in an expanding digital world. Students using Ozobots are learning sequential thinking, logical reasoning and coding concepts. These critical life skills enable students from all walks of life to succeed in the future digital age. Our students learn how to channel their ideas into reality, creating private games, secret codes and their very own robotic equations, putting them at the forefront of learning without even realizing it. When playing digital apps with a physical toy, it bridges the gap between the physical and digital realm - creating a whole new world of educational play. Such activities help us present an innovative way to teach subjects like programming, math and science in classrooms. Kids become engaged and inspired lifelong learners when topics come alive.
___________
About STEAM Camp
STEAM Camp introduces participants to potential careers within Science, Technology, Engineering Art and Mathematics. Campers will learn about educational decisions that will prepare them for these careers. STEAM Camp also focuses on how these careers often require similar, overlapping skills. This is a connected educational approach designed to share a well-rounded experience. Middle school students presented by the Urban League of Greater Madison, Girl Scouts of Badgerland Wisconsin and Big Brothers, Big Sisters of Dane County. This will be a constructive and collaborative experience. Campers will discover together how to explore these exciting careers.
Morrison Culvert
The Morrison Culvert in Warren County, Warren, PA was started in 1859 and completed in Mar. of 1860.
It was built by Struthers, Curtis, and Co. out of Warren, PA for the Sunbury & Erie Railroad.
The engraving on the keystone reads, J.E. Bering P.A. Engineer, Struthers & Co. Contractors, T.J. Hoskinson
Engineer in Charge, John McLaughlin Master Mason, 1860.
The culvert goes over a dirt road and Morrison Run itself. I suspect the reasoning for the elaborate culvert was
that there was a dam and mill at Morrison Run from that time period. I can't imagine them blocking off traffic to
such a vital resource at that time. Evidence of the dam can still be seen approx. 200 yards South West up Morrison
Run.
The Sunbury & Erie Railroad was chartered in 1837 which made it the oldest chartered Railroad in the United
States. It was surveyed the 1st time in 1838, 8 years before the Pennsylvania Railroad, then again in 1839. After
these two surveys it lay dormant till 1852 when a 3rd survey was completed in that year. A couple of reasons that
contributed to its dormancy was due to in part to the Panic of 1837 which lasted intermittently till 1843 and the
untimely death of one of its main financial contributors Nicholas Biddle in 1844.
Its main supporter from the beginning even prior to 1837 was Thomas Struthers an enterprising lawyer in Warren,
PA, which he revived interest in the railroad in 1851. In 1852 new president, secretary, etc were voted in and a
pamphlet circulated. In the fall of that year it was reported that a surveyor was to be in Warren County,
Sheffield, PA for surveying and by 1853 a complete resurvey was completed of the railroad.
Construction began in 1853 of Sunbury & Erie Railroad on the 1st link of 28 miles from Milton to Williamsport, PA
and was in use by Dec.14th, 1854. In Oct. 27, 1855 the construction started for the link between Erie & Warren, PA,
by Struthers, Curtis, and Co., to which incidentally Thomas Struthers was the owner of. The Panic of 1857 brought
construction to standstill except for between Erie & Warren, PA, (Western Division). in Feb. 1858 it was reported
that there was approx. 300 Laborers and 100 Horses & carts scattered over a distance of 30 miles working on the
Western Division end, (Erie to Warren). Also by 1858 Thomas Struthers was a member of the House Of Representatives.
In the spring of 1859 it was reported that 110 miles from Sinnemahoning to Warren and 52 miles from Erie to Warren
were graded and ready for iron and rails. By 12/15/1859 it was reported that the North bound trains were running
for at least for 2 weeks, even though there was Western Division sections of the grade that were partially
ballasted, some with no ballast, and some with no chairs to which the rails were fastened to the ties. By Mar. of
1860 the sections were ballasted. Incidentally it was reported in 1860 that Sunbury & Erie Railroad had transported
some 22,119 barrels of oil, large in part due to the oil strike of Aug 27, 1859 by Col. Edwin L. Drake.
In 1861 the Sunbury & Erie Railroad were in financial difficulties and went to the State of Pennsylvania and the
Pennsylvania Railroad. The name was changed on Mar. 7, 1861 to the Philadelphia & Erie Railroad, by the state of
Pennsylvania and on Jan. 6, 1862 the Pennsylvania Railroad executed a lease with Philadelphia Railroad for 999
Years. By Oct. 4 of 1864 the Philadelphia & Erie Railroad was completely opened to traffic. Eventually on May 1st,
1907 the Pennsylvania Railroad had completely acquired and absorbed the P&E RR into it's system becoming eventually
the Penn Central. Currently the grade is used in Warren, PA by Allegheny & Eastern Railroad Company.
“It is our own vanity that makes the vanity of others intolerable to us” ~François de la Rochefoucauld
Sometimes, I get slammed by people who don't quite understand the whole concept and reasoning behind Project 365. I try to explain it, but eventually, the other person leaves the conversation having no doubt, that this year-long exercise, has no other purpose but to feed my own vanity... This makes me a bit sad, but everyone's entitled to their own opinion.
It's so easy to be disheartened by negative comments other people make about us, and if we listened and take all of these "negativisms" to heart, surely nothing would get done; perhaps, flickr would be half-empty, or man may have never landed on the moon.
To each their own, I say. I think I would be a damned fool if I have found something I think I'm marginally good at, and not attempt to get better at doing whatever it is. I don't fancy myself a model - far from it, but if I can get to understand my crazy self through self-portraiture, and hone whatever skills I have, I'd be even crazier not to do it. Ooops, that sounds defensively vain, but oh well, it's already Day 127, I'm in too deep now...
Do what makes YOU happy. Follow what inspires you. At the end of the day, you can either be your own best friend or your worst enemy. As long as you're not hurting anyone else, continue on your path and follow your passions.
Life's too short.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Photographed: 12/03/2019
This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not requiring the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Photographed: 12/11/2019
This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Radiometric dating based on unverifiable assumptions.
scienceagainstevolution.info/v8i8f.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/35505679183
Dr James Tour - 'The Origin of Life' - Abiogenesis decisively refuted.
youtu.be/B1E4QMn2mxk
There should be enough clues there! We'd taken it to Cardiff on the 1115 from Paddington then travelled to Newport behind 47484 'Isembard Kingdom Brunel' because it was 'required' and a 'namer'! Poor reasoning in hindsight but it was a short trip with the 47 before taking 1056 again for the trip back to Paddington via Gloucester!
I've heard this phrase regarding American Black Ducks before, and I finally got to see the reasoning. To the immediate left and right of the center mallards are what I think are American Black Ducks. Both had very dark bodies that sharply contrasted with lighter heads and necks. The bill on the left bird is olive, consistent with a female ABD. The bills on the males apparently are a bright yellow, which seems to match the right bird. No chance to view the speculum, unfortunately. Anyway, if the ID is correct, it's a lifer for me. They do blend quite well with the female mallards.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 15/01/2018 This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
I'm not real sure about the reasoning behind this. Maybe a Walgreens employee has an electric car. I seriously doubt anyone's going to shop in Walgreens long enough to charge their car.
You can still see the outlines on the wall of an outmoded technology - phone booths.
I am sure there is an interesting story behind this old casona, or town house. Based on the architecture, I'd say the building dates to the second half of the eighteenth or the very early ninetheenth centuries. I do not see any baroque elements in the design, just neoclassical ones. If the work is from the nineteenth century, then it would need to before Peru became a republic. I say this because I'm simply reasoning that the coat of arms is private and belongs to the builder. In that case, I think it would be doubtful that you'd see private coats or arms on buildings once the Spanish colonial system came to an end in Peru in the 1820s.
Cajamarca, Peru.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 08/12/2017 This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
-Comme vous pouvez le voir je philosophe:Je vais vous parler du raisonnement déductif:
-Tous les chats sont mortels
Archimède est mortel
Donc Archimède est...un chat!
Que pensez-vous de ce syllogisme?
Per te Francesco
Come potete vederlo,faccio della filosofia:Io ti racconto il ragionamento deduttivo:
Tutti i gatti sono mortali
Archimede è mortale
Cosi Archimede è...un gatto
Cosa ne pensi di questo syllogismo
In English
As you can see,I'm a philosopher;I want to tell you about the deductive reasoning:
All cats are mortal
Archimedes is deadly
So Archimedes is.....a cat!
What do you think about this syllogism?
Close-up photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach due to tidal action of the sea.
See distance photos for location detail and context. www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/9965031955/in/photost...
See set of photos: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid Stratification
This demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This is a natural example which confirms the sedimentation experiments done by Dr Guy Berthault and calls into question the multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata. Strata lines/layers are clearly visible in this photo close-up.
Dr Berthault's experiments (sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sediment, with the strata or layers representing a timescale or even a particular, environmental epoch, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly. Such field studies and the experiments demonstrate that there is no reason to deduce that strata relate to different geological eras and a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&... It also shows that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, which the geologic column is based on, can no longer be considered valid and the multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a fairly short time (certainly not millions or even thousands of years) or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/science-of-natural-history/th...
Location: Yaverland beach, Isle of Wight. Date of photo: 20/09/13. Depth of sand deposit: approx. 8 inches.
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
YOKOSUKA, Japan - (June 7, 2016) CommanderSeventh Fleet, Vice Adm. Joseph Aucoin and Commander Naval Forces Japan, Rear Adm. Matthew Carter hold an all hands call for all khaki leaders (E-7 and above) on board Fleet Activities Yokosuka, Japan, June 7. The two admirals explained to the assembled leaders the reasoning behind a temporary liberty curtailment and alcohol restriction in Japan and challenged the khakis to take ownership in the recent spike in alcohol related incidents. Both leaders plan on conducting similar discussions throughout Japan. (U.S. Navy photo by ABH2 Vincent Arnuco/RELEASED)
The ultimate "Who-Done-It" game, where 1-4 players combine human deductive reasoning with advanced computer logic to solve over 130,000 totally different murder mysteries.
Bang! Bang! Shots ring out in the big city. A body lies alone at the docks. The funeral dirge sounds. 19 colorful characters at the scene of the crime flee to other parts of town. As one of the “private eyes” assigned to the case, you must interrogate these suspects. Players compete, using logic and deduction, to be first to identify the murderer.
Wessex Archaeology’s work within the Abbey Vaults has revealed burial remains dating to the 8th or 9th century AD, including at least two ‘charcoal burials’.
This unusual burial rite entailed laying the body or coffin on layer of charcoal or depositing charcoal over/around them, in some cases both. The reasoning behind this funerary rite remains obscure, though it has been suggested that it may be associated with ideas of physical and/or spiritual cleanliness and protection.
To find out more follow this link
Sherlock Holmes is a fictional detective created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The fantastic London-based "consulting detective", Holmes is famous for his astute logical reasoning, his ability to adopt almost any disguise, and his use of forensic science skills to solve difficult cases.
Holmes, who first appeared in publication in 1887, was featured in four novels and 56 short stories. The first novel, A Study in Scarlet, appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual in 1887 and the second, The Sign of the Four, in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine in 1890. The character grew tremendously in popularity with the first series of short stories in Strand Magazine, beginning with A Scandal in Bohemia in 1891; further series of short stories and two novels published in serial form appeared between then and 1927. The stories cover a period from around 1880 up to 1914.
All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr. John H. Watson; two are narrated by Holmes himself ("The Blanched Soldier" and "The Lion's Mane") and two others are written in the third person ("The Mazarin Stone" and "His Last Bow"). In two stories ("The Musgrave Ritual" and "The Gloria Scott"), Holmes tells Watson the main story from his memories, while Watson becomes the narrator of the frame story.
This man's hat is not a "deer stalker" however, a deerstalker is a type of hat that is typically worn in rural areas, often for hunting, especially deer stalking. Because of the hat's popular association with Sherlock Holmes, it is also a stereotypical hat of a detective.
The most famous wearer of this kind of hat is the fictional character Sherlock Holmes, who is popularly depicted favouring this style of hat. Holmes is never actually described as wearing a deerstalker by name in Arthur Conan Doyle's stories, but in The Adventure Of Silver Blaze, the narrator, Doctor Watson, describes him as wearing "his ear-flapped travelling cap", and in The Boscombe Valley Mystery, as wearing a "close-fitting cloth cap". As the deerstalker is the only hat of the period matching both descriptions, it is not surprising that the original illustrations for the stories by Sidney Paget, Frederic Dorr Steele, and others depicted Holmes as a "deerstalker man", which then became the popular perception of him.
Now these bus stops in Queens Lane were not scheduled to see any South Midland vehicles but heyho they were regularly used by that companies drivers laying over between 2015 and 2100 hours. The reasoning for this was that the Oxford Bus Company had a drivers mess room which was open to all. 29 (VUD 29X) an ECW bodied Leopard and an unidentified Duple 'Dominant' bodied example are seen here on an unknown day during July 1986. 29 with me at the wheel would have previously worked a return journey to Bedford via Milton Keynes on route 132. The blinds have already been set for the 2100 hours main road journey on route 122 to Bicester. Later in the evening a return run on the 136 from Bicester town centre to St. Georges Barracks and the the 2200 hours main road back to Bicester and the 2240 'Nightrider' 122 service back to Bicester. The 'Nightrider' was an a request only basis serving Bicester via the villages of Hampton Poyle, Bletchingdon, Kirtlington, R.A.F. Upper Heyford, Middleton Stoney and Chesterton. The exact route was decided upon by the driver, always fun sometimes using narrow roads not normally served by scheduled buses.
Diversion time. I won't go into the intricate details of the diversion and its reasoning here, as I've I've explained it at length in another photo, but basically the Gainsborough routes to Lincoln bus station were diverted in the 'away from city' direction only, but it was short-lived and a new diversion replaced it that affects both inbound and outbound services. As of writing this, the revised diversion is still in place and affects the 100, 106 and 107.
The initial diversion followed the same path as Lincoln routes 6 and 19 as far as 'Tank Roundabout' and then hopped over the Brayford Way bridge to rejoin their usual route at Carholme Road. One of the roads to suddenly see Gainsborough action was Ropewalk, and in this particular instance it's welcoming back one of the ex-Lincoln Tridents that until last year would have often been found working the 6 and 19. 18317 has just crossed the Witham and is descending from the bridge, pas the retail park out of view to the right, on 22.4.24
YN05 XNH
Photomontage by Kevin McGee
Inspired by economic research, this photomontage questions the deception that goes unnoticed in everyday life. We often compare two completely different things as "apples and oranges," but are they really so different? Perhaps these objects and events seem like one idea, but turn out to be another. Deception can go unnoticed until we reach our hands into the fantasy we think we see and extract the cold, hard truth. Through statistics, logic, and reasoning, we can pick out the proverbial "wolf in sheep's clothing" or find the stress behind the smile.
IMAGES USED:
Left Hand: Left hand news, photo taken September 2005 by Erich Ferdinand. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License. Attribute: Erich Ferdinand www.flickr.com/photos/68387408@N00/45821784/in/photolist-...
Right Hand: Working on a Monday, photo taken May 2012 by Sonia Belviso. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License. Attribute: Sonia Belviso www.flickr.com/photos/62604802@N08/7243965740/in/photolis...
Orange Slice: Sunny Delight, oranges blocking the sun, photo taken December 25, 2008 by Nikki. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic License. Attribute: Nikki
www.flickr.com/photos/19619770@N00/3159168427/in/photolis...
Cloudy Sky: Cloudy sky in Tver', Tverskaya Oblast, Russia, photo taken July 2010 by Nikolay Verin. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License. Attribute: Nikolay Verin. www.flickr.com/photos/52179136@N03/4812293222/in/photolis...
Apple: Green Apple Sliced in half, photo taken June 2013 by Ahmed AlHallak. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License. Attribute: Ahmed AlHallak
www.flickr.com/photos/97241213@N06/9000520010/in/photolis...
Wolf: Wolf in Tierpark Hellabrunn, photo taken January 2014, in Harlaching, Munich, Bavaria, by Alois Staudacher. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License. Attribute: Alois Staudacher.
www.flickr.com/photos/93290777@N07/12220847016/in/photoli...
City Night: Washington Street, Between Bromfield Street and School Street, Near corner of Milk Street, photo taken in Boston, Massachusetts, 1954-1959, by Nishan Bichajian. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License. Attribute: MIT-Libraries, Gyorgy Kepes (researcher), Kevin Lynch (researcher), Nishan Bichajian (photographer)
www.flickr.com/photos/8057117@N03/3381821169/in/photolist...
Sheep: Sheep: Yorkshire Dales, photo taken May 2011 by Ambersky235. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License. Attribute: Ambersky235
www.flickr.com/photos/37177488@N06/5706120371/in/photolis...
Stressed Man: Despair and stress, photo taken October 2013 by Andrew Reid Wildman. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License. Attribute: Andrew Reid Wildman
www.flickr.com/photos/95501481@N02/10299042344/in/photoli...
Woman: Maggie’s smile, photo taken May 2008 by Katie Laird. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License. Attribute: Katie Laird.
www.flickr.com/photos/48889057845@N01/2459583180/in/photo...
Kamera: Nikon FE2
Linse: Nikkor-S Auto 55mm f1.2 (1970)
Film: Kodak 5222 @ ISO 400 -1EV
Kjemi: Xtol (stock / 9 min. @ 20°C)
ZIONISM IS FASCISM!
Ur-Fascism (1995) - by Umberto Eco (1932-2016)
In 1942, at the age of ten, I received the First Provincial Award of Ludi Juveniles (a voluntary, compulsory competition for young Italian Fascists — that is, for every young Italian). I elaborated with rhetorical skill on the subject “Should we die for the glory of Mussolini and the immortal destiny of Italy?” My answer was positive. I was a smart boy.
I spent two of my early years among the SS, Fascists, Republicans, and partisans shooting at one another, and I learned how to dodge bullets. It was good exercise.
In April 1945, the partisans took over in Milan. Two days later they arrived in the small town where I was living at the time. It was a moment of joy. The main square was crowded with people singing and waving flags, calling in loud voices for Mimo, the partisan leader of that area. A former maresciallo of the Carabinieri, Mimo joined the supporters of General Badoglio, Mussolini’s successor, and lost a leg during one of the first clashes with Mussolini’s remaining forces. Mimo showed up on the balcony of the city hall, pale, leaning on his crutch, and with one hand tried to calm the crowd. I was waiting for his speech because my whole childhood had been marked by the great historic speeches of Mussolini, whose most significant passages we memorized in school. Silence. Mimo spoke in a hoarse voice, barely audible. He said: “Citizens, friends. After so many painful sacrifices … here we are. Glory to those who have fallen for freedom.” And that was it. He went back inside. The crowd yelled, the partisans raised their guns and fired festive volleys. We kids hurried to pick up the shells, precious items, but I had also learned that freedom of speech means freedom from rhetoric.
A few days later I saw the first American soldiers. They were African Americans. The first Yankee I met was a black man, Joseph, who introduced me to the marvels of Dick Tracy and Li’l Abner. His comic books were brightly colored and smelled good.
One of the officers (Major or Captain Muddy) was a guest in the villa of a family whose two daughters were my schoolmates. I met him in their garden where some ladies, surrounding Captain Muddy, talked in tentative French. Captain Muddy knew some French, too. My first image of American liberators was thus — after so many palefaces in black shirts — that of a cultivated black man in a yellow-green uniform saying: “Oui, merci beaucoup, Madame, moi aussi j’aime le champagne …” Unfortunately there was no champagne, but Captain Muddy gave me my first piece of Wrigley’s Spearmint and I started chewing all day long. At night I put my wad in a water glass, so it would be fresh for the next day.
In May we heard that the war was over. Peace gave me a curious sensation. I had been told that permanent warfare was the normal condition for a young Italian. In the following months I discovered that the Resistance was not only a local phenomenon but a European one. I learned new, exciting words like réseau, maquis, armée secrète, Rote Kapelle, Warsaw ghetto. I saw the first photographs of the Holocaust, thus understanding the meaning before knowing the word. I realized what we were liberated from.
In my country today there are people who are wondering if the Resistance had a real military impact on the course of the war. For my generation this question is irrelevant: we immediately understood the moral and psychological meaning of the Resistance. For us it was a point of pride to know that we Europeans did not wait passively for liberation. And for the young Americans who were paying with their blood for our restored freedom it meant something to know that behind the firing lines there were Europeans paying their own debt in advance.
In my country today there are those who are saying that the myth of the Resistance was a Communist lie. It is true that the Communists exploited the Resistance as if it were their personal property, since they played a prime role in it; but I remember partisans with kerchiefs of different colors. Sticking close to the radio, I spent my nights — the windows closed, the blackout making the small space around the set a lone luminous halo — listening to the messages sent by the Voice of London to the partisans. They were cryptic and poetic at the same time (The sun also rises, The roses will bloom) and most of them were “messaggi per la Franchi.” Somebody whispered to me that Franchi was the leader of the most powerful clandestine network in northwestern Italy, a man of legendary courage. Franchi became my hero. Franchi (whose real name was Edgardo Sogno) was a monarchist, so strongly anti-Communist that after the war he joined very right-wing groups, and was charged with collaborating in a project for a reactionary coup d’état. Who cares? Sogno still remains the dream hero of my childhood. Liberation was a common deed for people of different colors.
In my country today there are some who say that the War of Liberation was a tragic period of division, and that all we need is national reconciliation. The memory of those terrible years should be repressed, refoulée, verdrängt. But Verdrängung causes neurosis. If reconciliation means compassion and respect for all those who fought their own war in good faith, to forgive does not mean to forget. I can even admit that Eichmann sincerely believed in his mission, but I cannot say, “OK, come back and do it again.” We are here to remember what happened and solemnly say that “They” must not do it again.
But who are They?
If we still think of the totalitarian governments that ruled Europe before the Second World War we can easily say that it would be difficult for them to reappear in the same form in different historical circumstances. If Mussolini’s fascism was based upon the idea of a charismatic ruler, on corporatism, on the utopia of the Imperial Fate of Rome, on an imperialistic will to conquer new territories, on an exacerbated nationalism, on the ideal of an entire nation regimented in black shirts, on the rejection of parliamentary democracy, on anti-Semitism, then I have no difficulty in acknowledging that today the Italian Alleanza Nazionale, born from the postwar Fascist Party, MSI, and certainly a right-wing party, has by now very little to do with the old fascism. In the same vein, even though I am much concerned about the various Nazi-like movements that have arisen here and there in Europe, including Russia, I do not think that Nazism, in its original form, is about to reappear as a nationwide movement.
Nevertheless, even though political regimes can be overthrown, and ideologies can be criticized and disowned, behind a regime and its ideology there is always a way of thinking and feeling, a group of cultural habits, of obscure instincts and unfathomable drives. Is there still another ghost stalking Europe (not to speak of other parts of the world)?
Ionesco once said that “only words count and the rest is mere chattering.” Linguistic habits are frequently important symptoms of underlying feelings. Thus it is worth asking why not only the Resistance but the Second World War was generally defined throughout the world as a struggle against fascism. If you reread Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls you will discover that Robert Jordan identifies his enemies with Fascists, even when he thinks of the Spanish Falangists. And for FDR, “The victory of the American people and their allies will be a victory against fascism and the dead hand of despotism it represents.”
During World War II, the Americans who took part in the Spanish war were called “premature anti-fascists” — meaning that fighting against Hitler in the Forties was a moral duty for every good American, but fighting against Franco too early, in the Thirties, smelled sour because it was mainly done by Communists and other leftists… . Why was an expression like fascist pig used by American radicals thirty years later to refer to a cop who did not approve of their smoking habits? Why didn’t they say: Cagoulard pig, Falangist pig, Ustashe pig, Quisling pig, Nazi pig?
Mein Kampf is a manifesto of a complete political program. Nazism had a theory of racism and of the Aryan chosen people, a precise notion of degenerate art, entartete Kunst, a philosophy of the will to power and of the Ubermensch. Nazism was decidedly anti-Christian and neo-pagan, while Stalin’s Diamat (the official version of Soviet Marxism) was blatantly materialistic and atheistic. If by totalitarianism one means a regime that subordinates every act of the individual to the state and to its ideology, then both Nazism and Stalinism were true totalitarian regimes.
Italian fascism was certainly a dictatorship, but it was not totally totalitarian, not because of its mildness but rather because of the philosophical weakness of its ideology. Contrary to common opinion, fascism in Italy had no special philosophy. The article on fascism signed by Mussolini in the Treccani Encyclopedia was written or basically inspired by Giovanni Gentile, but it reflected a late-Hegelian notion of the Absolute and Ethical State which was never fully realized by Mussolini. Mussolini did not have any philosophy: he had only rhetoric. He was a militant atheist at the beginning and later signed the Convention with the Church and welcomed the bishops who blessed the Fascist pennants. In his early anticlerical years, according to a likely legend, he once asked God, in order to prove His existence, to strike him down on the spot. Later, Mussolini always cited the name of God in his speeches, and did not mind being called the Man of Providence.
Italian fascism was the first right-wing dictatorship that took over a European country, and all similar movements later found a sort of archetype in Mussolini’s regime. Italian fascism was the first to establish a military liturgy, a folklore, even a way of dressing — far more influential, with its black shirts, than Armani, Benetton, or Versace would ever be. It was only in the Thirties that fascist movements appeared, with Mosley, in Great Britain, and in Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Yugoslavia, Spain, Portugal, Norway, and even in South America. It was Italian fascism that convinced many European liberal leaders that the new regime was carrying out interesting social reform, and that it was providing a mildly revolutionary alternative to the Communist threat.
Nevertheless, historical priority does not seem to me a sufficient reason to explain why the word fascism became a synecdoche, that is, a word that could be used for different totalitarian movements. This is not because fascism contained in itself, so to speak in their quintessential state, all the elements of any later form of totalitarianism. On the contrary, fascism had no quintessence. Fascism was a fuzzy totalitarianism, a collage of different philosophical and political ideas, a beehive of contradictions. Can one conceive of a truly totalitarian movement that was able to combine monarchy with revolution, the Royal Army with Mussolini’s personal milizia, the grant of privileges to the Church with state education extolling violence, absolute state control with a free market? The Fascist Party was born boasting that it brought a revolutionary new order; but it was financed by the most conservative among the landowners who expected from it a counter-revolution. At its beginning fascism was republican. Yet it survived for twenty years proclaiming its loyalty to the royal family, while the Duce (the unchallenged Maximal Leader) was arm-in-arm with the King, to whom he also offered the title of Emperor. But when the King fired Mussolini in 1943, the party reappeared two months later, with German support, under the standard of a “social” republic, recycling its old revolutionary script, now enriched with almost Jacobin overtones.
There was only a single Nazi architecture and a single Nazi art. If the Nazi architect was Albert Speer, there was no more room for Mies van der Rohe. Similarly, under Stalin’s rule, if Lamarck was right there was no room for Darwin. In Italy there were certainly fascist architects but close to their pseudo-Coliseums were many new buildings inspired by the modern rationalism of Gropius.
There was no fascist Zhdanov setting a strictly cultural line. In Italy there were two important art awards. The Premio Cremona was controlled by a fanatical and uncultivated Fascist, Roberto Farinacci, who encouraged art as propaganda. (I can remember paintings with such titles as “Listening by Radio to the Duce’s Speech” or “States of Mind Created by Fascism.”) The Premio Bergamo was sponsored by the cultivated and reasonably tolerant Fascist Giuseppe Bottai, who protected both the concept of art for art’s sake and the many kinds of avant-garde art that had been banned as corrupt and crypto-Communist in Germany.
The national poet was D’Annunzio, a dandy who in Germany or in Russia would have been sent to the firing squad. He was appointed as the bard of the regime because of his nationalism and his cult of heroism — which were in fact abundantly mixed up with influences of French fin de siècle decadence.
Take Futurism. One might think it would have been considered an instance of entartete Kunst, along with Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. But the early Italian Futurists were nationalist; they favored Italian participation in the First World War for aesthetic reasons; they celebrated speed, violence, and risk, all of which somehow seemed to connect with the fascist cult of youth. While fascism identified itself with the Roman Empire and rediscovered rural traditions, Marinetti (who proclaimed that a car was more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace, and wanted to kill even the moonlight) was nevertheless appointed as a member of the Italian Academy, which treated moonlight with great respect.
Many of the future partisans and of the future intellectuals of the Communist Party were educated by the GUF, the fascist university students’ association, which was supposed to be the cradle of the new fascist culture. These clubs became a sort of intellectual melting pot where new ideas circulated without any real ideological control. It was not that the men of the party were tolerant of radical thinking, but few of them had the intellectual equipment to control it.
During those twenty years, the poetry of Montale and other writers associated with the group called the Ermetici was a reaction to the bombastic style of the regime, and these poets were allowed to develop their literary protest from within what was seen as their ivory tower. The mood of the Ermetici poets was exactly the reverse of the fascist cult of optimism and heroism. The regime tolerated their blatant, even though socially imperceptible, dissent because the Fascists simply did not pay attention to such arcane language.
All this does not mean that Italian fascism was tolerant. Gramsci was put in prison until his death; the opposition leaders Giacomo Matteotti and the brothers Rosselli were assassinated; the free press was abolished, the labor unions were dismantled, and political dissenters were confined on remote islands. Legislative power became a mere fiction and the executive power (which controlled the judiciary as well as the mass media) directly issued new laws, among them laws calling for preservation of the race (the formal Italian gesture of support for what became the Holocaust).
The contradictory picture I describe was not the result of tolerance but of political and ideological discombobulation. But it was a rigid discombobulation, a structured confusion. Fascism was philosophically out of joint, but emotionally it was firmly fastened to some archetypal foundations.
So we come to my second point. There was only one Nazism. We cannot label Franco’s hyper-Catholic Falangism as Nazism, since Nazism is fundamentally pagan, polytheistic, and anti-Christian. But the fascist game can be played in many forms, and the name of the game does not change. The notion of fascism is not unlike Wittgenstein’s notion of a game. A game can be either competitive or not, it can require some special skill or none, it can or cannot involve money. Games are different activities that display only some “family resemblance,” as Wittgenstein put it. Consider the following sequence:
1. abc
2. bcd
3. cde
4. def
Suppose there is a series of political groups in which group one is characterized by the features abc, group two by the features bcd, and so on. Group two is similar to group one since they have two features in common; for the same reasons three is similar to two and four is similar to three. Notice that three is also similar to one (they have in common the feature c). The most curious case is presented by four, obviously similar to three and two, but with no feature in common with one. However, owing to the uninterrupted series of decreasing similarities between one and four, there remains, by a sort of illusory transitivity, a family resemblance between four and one.
Fascism became an all-purpose term because one can eliminate from a fascist regime one or more features, and it will still be recognizable as fascist. Take away imperialism from fascism and you still have Franco and Salazar. Take away colonialism and you still have the Balkan fascism of the Ustashes. Add to the Italian fascism a radical anti-capitalism (which never much fascinated Mussolini) and you have Ezra Pound. Add a cult of Celtic mythology and the Grail mysticism (completely alien to official fascism) and you have one of the most respected fascist gurus, Julius Evola.
But in spite of this fuzziness, I think it is possible to outline a list of features that are typical of what I would like to call Ur-Fascism, or Eternal Fascism. These features cannot be organized into a system; many of them contradict each other, and are also typical of other kinds of despotism or fanaticism. But it is enough that one of them be present to allow fascism to coagulate around it.
1. The first feature of Ur-Fascism is the cult of tradition. Traditionalism is of course much older than fascism. Not only was it typical of counter-revolutionary Catholic thought after the French revolution, but it was born in the late Hellenistic era, as a reaction to classical Greek rationalism. In the Mediterranean basin, people of different religions (most of them indulgently accepted by the Roman Pantheon) started dreaming of a revelation received at the dawn of human history. This revelation, according to the traditionalist mystique, had remained for a long time concealed under the veil of forgotten languages — in Egyptian hieroglyphs, in the Celtic runes, in the scrolls of the little known religions of Asia.
This new culture had to be syncretistic. Syncretism is not only, as the dictionary says, “the combination of different forms of belief or practice”; such a combination must tolerate contradictions. Each of the original messages contains a sliver of wisdom, and whenever they seem to say different or incompatible things it is only because all are alluding, allegorically, to the same primeval truth.
As a consequence, there can be no advancement of learning. Truth has been already spelled out once and for all, and we can only keep interpreting its obscure message.
One has only to look at the syllabus of every fascist movement to find the major traditionalist thinkers. The Nazi gnosis was nourished by traditionalist, syncretistic, occult elements. The most influential theoretical source of the theories of the new Italian right, Julius Evola, merged the Holy Grail with The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, alchemy with the Holy Roman and Germanic Empire. The very fact that the Italian right, in order to show its open-mindedness, recently broadened its syllabus to include works by De Maistre, Guenon, and Gramsci, is a blatant proof of syncretism.
If you browse in the shelves that, in American bookstores, are labeled as New Age, you can find there even Saint Augustine who, as far as I know, was not a fascist. But combining Saint Augustine and Stonehenge — that is a symptom of Ur-Fascism.
2. Traditionalism implies the rejection of modernism. Both Fascists and Nazis worshiped technology, while traditionalist thinkers usually reject it as a negation of traditional spiritual values. However, even though Nazism was proud of its industrial achievements, its praise of modernism was only the surface of an ideology based upon Blood and Earth (Blut und Boden). The rejection of the modern world was disguised as a rebuttal of the capitalistic way of life, but it mainly concerned the rejection of the Spirit of 1789 (and of 1776, of course). The Enlightenment, the Age of Reason, is seen as the beginning of modern depravity. In this sense Ur-Fascism can be defined as irrationalism.
3. Irrationalism also depends on the cult of action for action’s sake. Action being beautiful in itself, it must be taken before, or without, any previous reflection. Thinking is a form of emasculation. Therefore culture is suspect insofar as it is identified with critical attitudes. Distrust of the intellectual world has always been a symptom of Ur-Fascism, from Goering’s alleged statement (“When I hear talk of culture I reach for my gun”) to the frequent use of such expressions as “degenerate intellectuals,” “eggheads,” “effete snobs,” “universities are a nest of reds.” The official Fascist intellectuals were mainly engaged in attacking modern culture and the liberal intelligentsia for having betrayed traditional values.
4. No syncretistic faith can withstand analytical criticism. The critical spirit makes distinctions, and to distinguish is a sign of modernism. In modern culture the scientific community praises disagreement as a way to improve knowledge. For Ur-Fascism, disagreement is treason.
5. Besides, disagreement is a sign of diversity. Ur-Fascism grows up and seeks for consensus by exploiting and exacerbating the natural fear of difference. The first appeal of a fascist or prematurely fascist movement is an appeal against the intruders. Thus Ur-Fascism is racist by definition.
6. Ur-Fascism derives from individual or social frustration. That is why one of the most typical features of the historical fascism was the appeal to a frustrated middle class, a class suffering from an economic crisis or feelings of political humiliation, and frightened by the pressure of lower social groups. In our time, when the old “proletarians” are becoming petty bourgeois (and the lumpen are largely excluded from the political scene), the fascism of tomorrow will find its audience in this new majority.
7. To people who feel deprived of a clear social identity, Ur-Fascism says that their only privilege is the most common one, to be born in the same country. This is the origin of nationalism. Besides, the only ones who can provide an identity to the nation are its enemies. Thus at the root of the Ur-Fascist psychology there is the obsession with a plot, possibly an international one. The followers must feel besieged. The easiest way to solve the plot is the appeal to xenophobia. But the plot must also come from the inside: Jews are usually the best target because they have the advantage of being at the same time inside and outside. In the U.S., a prominent instance of the plot obsession is to be found in Pat Robertson’s The New World Order, but, as we have recently seen, there are many others.
8. The followers must feel humiliated by the ostentatious wealth and force of their enemies. When I was a boy I was taught to think of Englishmen as the five-meal people. They ate more frequently than the poor but sober Italians. Jews are rich and help each other through a secret web of mutual assistance. However, the followers must be convinced that they can overwhelm the enemies. Thus, by a continuous shifting of rhetorical focus, the enemies are at the same time too strong and too weak. Fascist governments are condemned to lose wars because they are constitutionally incapable of objectively evaluating the force of the enemy.
9. For Ur-Fascism there is no struggle for life but, rather, life is lived for struggle. Thus pacifism is trafficking with the enemy. It is bad because life is permanent warfare. This, however, brings about an Armageddon complex. Since enemies have to be defeated, there must be a final battle, after which the movement will have control of the world. But such a “final solution” implies a further era of peace, a Golden Age, which contradicts the principle of permanent war. No fascist leader has ever succeeded in solving this predicament.
10. Elitism is a typical aspect of any reactionary ideology, insofar as it is fundamentally aristocratic, and aristocratic and militaristic elitism cruelly implies contempt for the weak. Ur-Fascism can only advocate a popular elitism. Every citizen belongs to the best people of the world, the members of the party are the best among the citizens, every citizen can (or ought to) become a member of the party. But there cannot be patricians without plebeians. In fact, the Leader, knowing that his power was not delegated to him democratically but was conquered by force, also knows that his force is based upon the weakness of the masses; they are so weak as to need and deserve a ruler. Since the group is hierarchically organized (according to a military model), every subordinate leader despises his own underlings, and each of them despises his inferiors. This reinforces the sense of mass elitism.
11. In such a perspective everybody is educated to become a hero. In every mythology the hero is an exceptional being, but in Ur-Fascist ideology, heroism is the norm. This cult of heroism is strictly linked with the cult of death. It is not by chance that a motto of the Falangists was Viva la Muerte (in English it should be translated as “Long Live Death!”). In non-fascist societies, the lay public is told that death is unpleasant but must be faced with dignity; believers are told that it is the painful way to reach a supernatural happiness. By contrast, the Ur-Fascist hero craves heroic death, advertised as the best reward for a heroic life. The Ur-Fascist hero is impatient to die. In his impatience, he more frequently sends other people to death.
12. Since both permanent war and heroism are difficult games to play, the Ur-Fascist transfers his will to power to sexual matters. This is the origin of machismo (which implies both disdain for women and intolerance and condemnation of nonstandard sexual habits, from chastity to homosexuality). Since even sex is a difficult game to play, the Ur-Fascist hero tends to play with weapons — doing so becomes an ersatz phallic exercise.
13. Ur-Fascism is based upon a selective populism, a qualitative populism, one might say. In a democracy, the citizens have individual rights, but the citizens in their entirety have a political impact only from a quantitative point of view — one follows the decisions of the majority. For Ur-Fascism, however, individuals as individuals have no rights, and the People is conceived as a quality, a monolithic entity expressing the Common Will. Since no large quantity of human beings can have a common will, the Leader pretends to be their interpreter. Having lost their power of delegation, citizens do not act; they are only called on to play the role of the People. Thus the People is only a theatrical fiction. To have a good instance of qualitative populism we no longer need the Piazza Venezia in Rome or the Nuremberg Stadium. There is in our future a TV or Internet populism, in which the emotional response of a selected group of citizens can be presented and accepted as the Voice of the People.
Because of its qualitative populism Ur-Fascism must be against “rotten” parliamentary governments. One of the first sentences uttered by Mussolini in the Italian parliament was “I could have transformed this deaf and gloomy place into a bivouac for my maniples” — “maniples” being a subdivision of the traditional Roman legion. As a matter of fact, he immediately found better housing for his maniples, but a little later he liquidated the parliament. Wherever a politician casts doubt on the legitimacy of a parliament because it no longer represents the Voice of the People, we can smell Ur-Fascism.
14. Ur-Fascism speaks Newspeak. Newspeak was invented by Orwell, in 1984, as the official language of Ingsoc, English Socialism. But elements of Ur-Fascism are common to different forms of dictatorship. All the Nazi or Fascist schoolbooks made use of an impoverished vocabulary, and an elementary syntax, in order to limit the instruments for complex and critical reasoning. But we must be ready to identify other kinds of Newspeak, even if they take the apparently innocent form of a popular talk show.
On the morning of July 27, 1943, I was told that, according to radio reports, fascism had collapsed and Mussolini was under arrest. When my mother sent me out to buy the newspaper, I saw that the papers at the nearest newsstand had different titles. Moreover, after seeing the headlines, I realized that each newspaper said different things. I bought one of them, blindly, and read a message on the first page signed by five or six political parties — among them the Democrazia Cristiana, the Communist Party, the Socialist Party, the Partito d’Azione, and the Liberal Party.
Until then, I had believed that there was a single party in every country and that in Italy it was the Partito Nazionale Fascista. Now I was discovering that in my country several parties could exist at the same time. Since I was a clever boy, I immediately realized that so many parties could not have been born overnight, and they must have existed for some time as clandestine organizations.
The message on the front celebrated the end of the dictatorship and the return of freedom: freedom of speech, of press, of political association. These words, “freedom,” “dictatorship,” “liberty,” — I now read them for the first time in my life. I was reborn as a free Western man by virtue of these new words.
We must keep alert, so that the sense of these words will not be forgotten again. Ur-Fascism is still around us, sometimes in plainclothes. It would be so much easier, for us, if there appeared on the world scene somebody saying, “I want to reopen Auschwitz, I want the Black Shirts to parade again in the Italian squares.” Life is not that simple. Ur-Fascism can come back under the most innocent of disguises. Our duty is to uncover it and to point our finger at any of its new instances — every day, in every part of the world. Franklin Roosevelt’s words of November 4, 1938, are worth recalling:
I venture the challenging statement that if American democracy ceases to move forward as a living force, seeking day and night by peaceful means to better the lot of our citizens, fascism will grow in strength in our land.
Freedom and liberation are an unending task. Let me finish with a poem by Franco Fortini:
Sulla spalletta del ponte
Le teste degli impiccati
Nell’acqua della fonte
La bava degli impiccati.
Sul lastrico del mercato
Le unghie dei fucilati
Sull’erba secca del prato
I denti dei fucilati.
Mordere l’aria mordere i sassi
La nostra carne non è più d’uomini
Mordere l’aria mordere i sassi
Il nostro cuore non è più d’uomini.
Ma noi s’è letto negli occhi dei morti
E sulla terra faremo libertà
Ma l’hanno stretta i pugni dei morti
La giustizia che si farà.
(On the bridge’s parapet
The heads of the hanged
In the flowing rivulet
The spittle of the hanged.
On the cobbles in the market-places
The fingernails of those lined up and shot
On the dry grass in the open spaces
The broken teeth of those lined up and shot.
Biting the air, biting the stones
Our flesh is no longer human
Biting the air, biting the stones
Our hearts are no longer human.
But we have read into the eyes of the dead
And shall bring freedom on the earth
But clenched tight in the fists of the dead
Lies the justice to be served.)
— poem translated by Stephen Sartarelli
This image may be used as a free stock photo for non-adult contexts with proper photographer attribution.
I'm sure that I'm not the only person who has noticed that people are happy to believe, and share, total nonsense with absolutely no basis, and no attempt at evidence / reasoning; if it's in a meme. This is exasperating, and I have learned that logic and evidence carry no weight with such folks.
So, I have decided to respond in kind. Note that while I made a point of "watermarking" it, people are welcome to share it, or download it and use it in comments, consistent with the goals of seeking rational, evidenced based discussions. And, without regard for political (or other) perspectives.
Hopefully, it is obvious that the models whose pictures I included have no responsibility in this, although I would like to think that they support rational thought.
Apparently insects and lower arthropods don't feel pain. "It's because they don't have a central nervous system", say the boffins. This wasp was trying to disprove the theory by chewing off its own leg and screaming in the process. It wasn't a pretty sight, I leave the rest of this gruesome scene for your imagination... Although wasps are fantastic predators, they aren't known for their reasoning power.
This is actually a shot that I took in May and rejected, but I haven't seen an insect in 3 days, apart from a massive bluebottle fly that keeps on dive bombing me while I'm on flickr. He thinks I'm insectist...
Wessex Archaeology’s work within the Abbey Vaults has revealed burial remains dating to the 8th or 9th century AD, including at least two ‘charcoal burials’.
This unusual burial rite entailed laying the body or coffin on layer of charcoal or depositing charcoal over/around them, in some cases both. The reasoning behind this funerary rite remains obscure, though it has been suggested that it may be associated with ideas of physical and/or spiritual cleanliness and protection.
To find out more follow this link
Matthew Ikle presents Probabilistic Quantifier Logic for General Intelligence: An Indefinite Probabilities Approach by Matthew Ikle and Ben Goertzel of Novamente
Indefinite Probability approach is a hybrid of Peter Walley's imprecise probability and Bayesian work.
Peter Walley's work is summarized in his book: Statistical Reasoning with Imprecise Probabilities
The topic of this talk, along with a later talk by Ben Goerzel How Might Probabilistic Reasoning Emerge from the Brain? will likely be covered in much more detail in a forthcoming (July, 2008) book Probabilistic Logic Networks: A Comprehensive Framework for Uncertain Inference by Ben Goertzel, Matthew Ikle , Izabela Lyon Freire Goertzel, and Ari Heljakka
in Technical Session # 4 : Reasoning chaired by Steve Omohundro of Self-Aware Systems at the The First Conference on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI-08)
This room is The Zone, at the FedEx Institute of Technology, University of Memphis. It was a very good venue for this conference.
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) research focuses on the original and ultimate goal of AI -- to create intelligence as a whole, by exploring all available paths, including theoretical and experimental computer science, cognitive science, neuroscience, and innovative interdisciplinary methodologies. AGI is also called Strong AI in the AI community.
Another good reference is Artificial General Intelligence : A Gentle Introduction by Pei Wang
I030208 136
Insomnia in einer Neumondnacht
Im Zirkelschluss gefangen sein
In altbekannten Konfusionen
Ohne Nachschub an Konklusionen
Eingeloggt und eingelocht
Wiederholt wiedergekaut
Nicht schlafen können
Nicht aufhören können
In einer leeren Neumondnacht
Ist viel
Ist alles viel zu viel
Zum Schlafen viel zu viel
Insomnia at new moon
Imprisoned in circular reasoning
In long familiar confusions
No newly supplied conclusions
Logged in and locked up
Repeated and rehashed
Unable to sleep
Unable to stop
On an empty night of the new moon
So much,
It's all much too much
To sleep, much too much
- Insomnia, Einstürzende Neubauten
Graffiti, Belsize Road
(replaced with a fractionally tighter crop for the Squared Circle group)
I've only posted this because I have absolutely no idea whatsoever the reasoning behind it.....period!
We've all looked at flickr's explore, some of us have achieved an explore and most lust for an explore. There are a million discussions how to achieve an explore and just as many who really don't seem to care but want to figure it out anyway(?)
This last image I posted hit a massive top ten explore, (only my second time), went straight to #3 as of 27/09/10 [Edit - creeped up to #2!] and then stayed there. Was I pleased? Well of course I was but I have no idea whatsoever the reasoning behind it. The best I can figure out for the views is that it started popping up on the 'interestingness' page, (as shown above), hit loads of views from there and launched straight into explore thereafter.
Here's the thing though - it's a test shot, pure and simple.
The original was, erm, let's just say not very well planned out, poorly shot as far as lens composition, (this is a heavy crop!), but exactly the result I was expecting with the idea behind what I was doing. So I was happy with the result and just wanted to share what I've been playing around with, the main reason being about getting some feedback from friends on the idea before I start wasting time pursuing further shots.
It seems I may have stumbled upon a good idea, or at least the reception seems to suggest that........
So my apologies to anyone who commented, faved or whatever on this last image if I haven't yet visited you. I like to keep my contacts list low so that I can concentrate on feedback with people who I've been a contact with for a long time on flickr and who've provided invaluable help, conversation and become good friends. I like the same with my membership of groups so that I can keep track of discussions and pretty much purely for my own interest. I tend to avoid 'post one, award one, comment three' type groups as I'm more interested in good feedback as well as conversation rather than simple one word 'feedback' and awards.
So again my apologies, it's all left me somewhat overwhelmed and would take me months to really visit everyone's stream and provide the same concentration, interest and level of feedback and conversation that I like to give to my regular contacts.
A big thankyou to you all the same though and a really big thanks to those of you that appreciated the idea and links I provided to further your interests :-)
However, I still like that a test shot taken on a basic dSLR, a flash cobbled together from a disposable camera and shot in my own backyard got this sort of reception. Saves me the hassle of forking out for a 'good' dSLR, expensive flash equipment and scouting for 'fantastic' locations!
Dartford '18
c. AD 150
The reasoning is that if the other bust is Pertinax this must represent his father Publius Helvius Successus, the freedman who made good.
No, I actually believe this one is a juvenile Sharp shinned hawk.
My reasoning for the Sharpie ID; yellow eye of juvie, eye seems closer to the middle of the head than towards the beak. The coloring of the head and nape feathers seem relatively constant, giving it a hooded appearance versus a capped look of a Cooper's. The streaking on the chest continues into the stomach region, whereas a Cooper's belly is white. Finally the legs; IMO they look pencil thin versus thicker/shorter of the Cooper's.
But feel free to disagree and if you do, please point out why you would ID this bird as a Cooper's.
On 17 December, the ICC Institute of World Business Law held its annual conference. The 2019 event also recognised the think-tank's 40th anniversary and awarded the seventh ICC Institute Prize winner.
The footbridges of Stratford! Stratford upon Avon station is blessed with two footbridges, which seems like a strange state of affairs. But the reasoning is logical, and positive as the new footbridge provides the station with the required step free access to all platforms by the inclusion of two new lifts in it's design. It opened in November 2015. The existing footbridge is a particularly fine example of Great Western design, and it was decided that it too should be retained. Both footbridges are on view here as Chiltern Railways 'Turbo' Class 165 No. 165024 stands in platform 2 having just arrived from Leamington Spa, and will later form the 2L24 1040 return on 8th April 2017. Copyright Photograph John Whitehouse - all rights reserved
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Yaverland, Isle of Wight. Photographed: 14/03/2019
This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/35505679183
Dr James Tour - 'The Origin of Life' - Abiogenesis decisively refuted.
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of (index) fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some other field evidence, in various situations, can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evolutionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion where sedimentary deposits are laid down in still water.
Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification (with geological features): www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action formed in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not requiring the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Photographed: 24/01/2020
This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Radiometric dating based on unverifiable assumptions.
scienceagainstevolution.info/v8i8f.htm
Rapid strata formation and rapid erosion at Mount St Helens.
slideplayer.com/slide/5703217/18/images/28/Rapid+Strata+F...
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/35505679183
Dr James Tour - 'The Origin of Life' - Abiogenesis decisively refuted.
youtu.be/B1E4QMn2mxk
Rapid strata formation in soft sand (field evidence).
Photo of strata formation in soft sand on a beach, created by tidal action of the sea.
Formed in a single, high tidal event. Stunning evidence which displays multiple strata/layers.
Why this is so important ....
It has long been assumed, ever since the 17th century, that layers/strata observed in sedimentary rocks were built up gradually, layer upon layer, over many years. It certainly seemed logical at the time, from just looking at rocks, that lower layers would always be older than the layers above them, i.e. that lower layers were always laid down first followed, in time, by successive layers on top.
This was assumed to be true and became known as the superposition principle.
It was also assumed that a layer comprising a different material from a previous layer, represented a change in environmental conditions/factors.
These changes in composition of layers or strata were considered to represent different, geological eras on a global scale, spanning millions of years. This formed the basis for the Geologic Column, which is used to date rocks and also fossils. The evolutionary, 'fossil record' was based on the vast ages and assumed geological eras of the Geologic Column.
There was also circular reasoning applied with the assumed age of 'index' fossils (based on evolutionary beliefs & preconceptions) used to date strata in the Geologic Column. Dating strata from the assumed age of fossils is known as Biostratigraphy.
We now know that, although these assumptions seemed logical, they are not supported by the evidence.
At the time, the mechanics of stratification were not properly known or studied.
An additional factor was that this assumed superposition and uniformitarian model became essential, with the wide acceptance of Darwinism, for the long ages required for progressive microbes-to-human evolution. There was no incentive to question or challenge the superposition, uniformitarian model, because the presumed, fossil 'record' had become dependant on it, and any change in the accepted model would present devastating implications for Darwinism.
This had the unfortunate effect of linking the study of geology so closely to Darwinism, that any study independent of Darwinian considerations was effectively stymied. This link of geology with Darwinian preconceptions is known as biostratigraphy.
Some of the wealth of evidence can be observed here: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
and also in the links to stunning, experimental evidence, carried out by sedimentologists, given later.
_______________________________________________
GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES (established by Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century):
What Nicolas Steno believed about strata formation is the basis of the principle of Superposition and the principle of Original Horizontality.
dictionary.sensagent.com/Law_of_superposition/en-en/
“Assuming that all rocks and minerals had once been fluid, Nicolas Steno reasoned that rock strata were formed when particles in a fluid such as water fell to the bottom. This process would leave horizontal layers. Thus Steno's principle of original horizontality states that rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.”)
BEDDING PLANES.
'Bedding plane' describes the surface in between each stratum which are formed during sediment deposition.
science.jrank.org/pages/6533/Strata.html
“Strata form during sediment deposition, that is, the laying down of sediment. Meanwhile, if a change in current speed or sediment grain size occurs or perhaps the sediment supply is cut off, a bedding plane forms. Bedding planes are surfaces that separate one stratum from another. Bedding planes can also form when the upper part of a sediment layer is eroded away before the next episode of deposition. Strata separated by a bedding plane may have different grain sizes, grain compositions, or colours. Sometimes these other traits are better indicators of stratification as bedding planes may be very subtle.”
______________________________________________
Several catastrophic events, flash floods, volcanic eruptions etc. have forced Darwinian, influenced geologists to admit to rapid stratification in some instances. However they claim it is a rare phenomenon, which they have known about for many years, and which does nothing to invalidate the Geologic Column, the fossil record, evotuionary timescale, or any of the old assumptions regarding strata formation, sedimentation and the superposition principle. They fail to face up to the fact that rapid stratification is not an extraordinary phenonemon, but rather the prevailing and normal mechanism of sedimentary deposition whenever and wherever there is moving, sediment-laden water. The experimental evidence demonstrates the mechanism and a mass of field evidence in normal (non-catastrophic) conditions shows it is a normal everyday occurrence.
It is clear from the experimental evidence that the usual process of stratification is - that strata are not formed by horizontal layers being laid on top of each other in succession, as was assumed. But by sediment being sorted in the flowing water and laid down diagonally in the direction of flow. See diagram:
www.flickr.com/photos/truth-in-science/39821536092/in/dat...
The field evidence (in the image) presented here - of rapid, simultaneous stratification refutes the Superposition Principle, and the Principle of Lateral Continuity.
We now know, the Superposition Principle only applies on a rare occasion of sedimentary deposits in perfectly, still water. Superposition is required for the long evolutionary timescale, but the evidence shows it is not the general rule, as was once believed. Most sediment is laid down in moving water, where particle segregation is the general rule, resulting in the simultaneous deposition of strata/layers as shown in the photo.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Rapid, simultaneous formation of layers/strata, through particle segregation in moving water, is so easily created it has even been described by sedimentologists (working on flume experiments) as a law ...
"Upon filling the tank with water and pouring in sediments, we immediately saw what was to become the rule: The sediments sorted themselves out in very clear layers. This became so common that by the end of two weeks, we jokingly referred to Andrew's law as "It's difficult not to make layers," and Clark's law as "It's easy to make layers." Later on, I proposed the "law" that liquefaction destroys layers, as much to my surprise as that was." Ian Juby, www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/
The example in the photo is the result of normal, everyday tidal action in a single incident. Where the water current or movement is more turbulent, violent, or catastrophic, great depths (many metres) of stratified sediment can be laid down in a short time. Certainly not the many millions of years assumed by evolutionists.
The composition of strata formed in any deposition event. is related to whatever materials are in the sediment mix, not to any particular timescale. Whatever is in the mix will be automatically sorted into strata/layers. It could be sand, or other material added from mud slides, erosion of chalk deposits, coastal erosion, volcanic ash etc. Any organic material (potential fossils), alive or dead, engulfed by, or swept into, a turbulent sediment mix, will also be sorted and buried within the rapidly, forming layers.
See many other examples of rapid stratification with geological features: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Stratified, soft sand deposit. demonstrates the rapid, stratification principle.
Important, field evidence which supports the work of the eminent, sedimentologist Dr Guy Berthault MIAS - Member of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
(Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/)
And also the experimental work of Dr M.E. Clark (Professor Emeritus, U of Illinois @ Urbana), Andrew Rodenbeck and Dr. Henry Voss, (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/)
Location: Sandown, Isle of Wight. Formed 20/02/2018, This field evidence demonstrates that multiple strata in sedimentary deposits do not need millions of years to form and can be formed rapidly. This natural example confirms the principle demonstrated by the sedimentation experiments carried out by Dr Guy Berthault and other sedimentologists. It calls into question the standard, multi-million year dating of sedimentary rocks, and the dating of fossils by depth of burial or position in the strata.
Mulltiple strata/layers are evident in this example.
Dr Berthault's experiments (www.sedimentology.fr/) and other experiments (www.ianjuby.org/sedimentation/) and field studies of floods and volcanic action show that, rather than being formed by gradual, slow deposition of sucessive layers superimposed upon previous layers, with the strata or layers representing a particular timescale, particle segregation in moving water or airborne particles can form strata or layers very quickly, frequently, in a single event.
And, most importantly, lower strata are not older than upper strata, they are the same age, having been created in the same sedimentary episode.
Such field studies confirm experiments which have shown that there is no longer any reason to conclude that strata/layers in sedimentary rocks relate to different geological eras and/or a multi-million year timescale. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PVnBaqqQw8&feature=share&.... they also show that the relative position of fossils in rocks is not indicative of an order of evolutionary succession. Obviously, the uniformitarian principle, on which the geologic column is based, can no longer be considered valid. And the multi-million, year dating of sedimentary rocks and fossils needs to be reassessed. Rapid deposition of stratified sediments also explains the enigma of polystrate fossils, i.e. large fossils that intersect several strata. In some cases, tree trunk fossils are found which intersect the strata of sedimentary rock up to forty feet in depth. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Lycopsi... They must have been buried in stratified sediment in a short time (certainly not millions, thousands, or even hundreds of years), or they would have rotted away. youtu.be/vnzHU9VsliQ
In fact, the vast majority of fossils are found in good, intact condition, which is testament to their rapid burial. You don't get good fossils from gradual burial, because they would be damaged or destroyed by decay, predation or erosion. The existence of so many fossils in sedimentary rock on a global scale is stunning evidence for the rapid depostion of sedimentary rock as the general rule. It is obvious that all rock containing good intact fossils was formed from sediment laid down in a very short time, not millions, or even thousands of years.
See set of photos of other examples of rapid stratification: www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157635944904973/
Carbon dating of coal should not be possible if it is millions of years old, yet significant amounts of Carbon 14 have been detected in coal and other fossil material, which indicates that it is less than 50,000 years old. www.ldolphin.org/sewell/c14dating.html
www.grisda.org/origins/51006.htm
Evolutionists confidently cite multi-million year ages for rocks and fossils, but what most people don't realise is that no one actually knows the age of sedimentary rocks or the fossils found within them. So how are evolutionists so sure of the ages they so confidently quote? The astonishing thing is they aren't. Sedimentary rocks cannot be dated by radiometric methods*, and fossils can only be dated to less than 50,000 years with Carbon 14 dating. The method evolutionists use is based entirely on assumptions. Unbelievably, fossils are dated by the assumed age of rocks, and rocks are dated by the assumed age of fossils, that's right ... it is known as circular reasoning.
* Regarding the radiometric dating of igneous rocks, which is claimed to be relevant to the dating of sedimentary rocks, in an occasional instance there is an igneous intrusion associated with a sedimentary deposit -
Prof. Aubouin says in his Précis de Géologie: "Each radioactive element disintegrates in a characteristic and constant manner, which depends neither on the physical state (no variation with pressure or temperature or any other external constraint) nor on the chemical state (identical for an oxide or a phosphate)."
"Rocks form when magma crystallizes. Crystallisation depends on pressure and temperature, from which radioactivity is independent. So, there is no relationship between radioactivity and crystallisation.
Consequently, radioactivity doesn't date the formation of rocks. Moreover, daughter elements contained in rocks result mainly from radioactivity in magma where gravity separates the heavier parent element, from the lighter daughter element. Thus radiometric dating has no chronological signification." Dr. Guy Berthault www.sciencevsevolution.org/Berthault.htm
Visit the fossil museum:
www.flickr.com/photos/101536517@N06/sets/72157641367196613/
Just how good are peer reviews of scientific papers?
www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
www.examiner.com/article/want-to-publish-science-paper-ju...
The neo-Darwinian idea that the human genome consists entirely of an accumulation of billions of mutations is, quite obviously, completely bonkers. Nevertheless, it is compulsorily taught in schools and universities as 'science'.
Fangruida famous classic 500 selection (multi-lingual global version control, e-books)
Sound shook the world, a permanent favorite sayings ------ Fangruida classic quotations motto Selected Translations (English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, multilingual electronic version control Version 2012- 3.02)
Fang Rui Da life work a lot, widespread popular that many of his classic quotes the classic motto, inspirational, gives a reverie, giving encouragement, giving teachings, gives insights. Admire and read of him classic quotations classic motto, as if reciting a poem as in, one of which enjoy a painting, listening to a song sounds romantic dance, this is the real charm of the square where the motto Investor quotations. herein is a selection of II. According to the author and the author wishes to question, selected multi-language version control, so that the parties to the reader and appreciation. square Investor classic quotations set of natural science, social science and literature and art in a beautiful, elegant, deep, subtle, mood, right, worthy of the world famous celebrities masterpiece. concise, three words two languages, the finishing touch, the words intended to do endless. Such learning and studying, you can achieve pleasing results, truly understand and analyze every word, every precise meaning and profound concept of the word. So, these are masterpieces, not because of the time and place and change. There are a lot of doubts in the interpretation of the e-book version, elaborate parties Investor classic quotations classic maxim, some more accurate complete Some lacks, and did not really understand and appreciate square Investor classic quotations classic maxim meaning lies. After worth complemented amended. multilingual control version, is to make up for this kind of loss and miscarriage of justice, but also compile and translation have been and author's discussion and validation, without any copyright disputes, authorized by the author disclosed in the city. for the public to enjoy reading. <>, <>, <> and so will continue to publish the advent of appreciation for readers around the world. Finally, for the assistance and edit the translation of you to express my deep gratitude to the friendly colleagues.
(Eds: otis Translation: Adeline / Augelire proofread: fred Audit: Boris)
July 2011 in Paris, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, New York.
_____________________________________________________________
Look at the history of the human individual, but is a few decades, centuries, but rather look at the history of the entire human population is a few hundred thousand years, and put him constantly Expansion of the natural world to appreciate and taste.
Human society is not an abstract body, but a real kaleidoscope.
Humanity the greatest and most powerful place is not that he's tough and mana, the first is constant self-denial.
As long as human society, everything is forward series, regardless of the final outcome of this evolution of how loud or how ruthless .----- (square Investor famous classic).
When life is about to end, you first farewell this life is not only the world, but nature and the universe temporary farewell.
World as colorful palette, from time to time to issue a variety of transformation, some beautiful, some haze, some wonderful, some gray.
The world is not eternal day regulation and order, but the world would not be a permanent disorder or chaos filled the whole planet. Order and disorder kept forever in grafting seesaw. Otherwise, the whole of nature and human society will tends to destroy or complete collapse collapse .---- square Investor classic saying.
Where that is the reality of existence, the reality of it all is that there are no real existence and no existence in reality, as absurd .------- are Fangruida famous classic)
God created the world, the world that God created.
Only human beings truly enter into the kingdom of heaven, in order to truly comprehend the beauty of paradise.
Desires and greed, is a cross to a natural divide human society from the animal kingdom; wisdom and labor - wealth, a huge man from the animal cross the bridge to a rational human society.
Reason and truth is eternal connection, on the contrary, wild and falsehood connection, and ultimately not waiting astray is a failure.
World Vientiane, everyone is in a hurry to come and go, but some passing away, but you can still figure detour back; some people do not leave, the soul has been long dead ..... everyone can flirtation, history will provide wonderful variety of rodeo arena.
That the world is too beautiful rose garden with flowers, it was a naive and childish;. That the world is Heilongtan dark, it is a sad and incompetence of the world is a reality, but also a bit romantic and sentimental .--- - Fangruida classic saying.
Immature and pessimism can not create the world, only the courage and strength to innovation in the world.
World colorful, flowers Tuyan, but that does not mean all the world to disorganized, chaotic disorder. The world and the universe is not chaos to Jiuxing flying, yin and yang imbalance; the world and the universe through its self-regulation, self-compliance with its reasoning, the chaos and gradually establish a new domain.
Simply conquer and dominate the world, is purely natural animal beast game; build the world heaven, can be completely freed from the Beast game.
Natural human animal is not terrible, terrible is its endless sprawl and expansion, it will allow to create into a ruin, so rational degenerate into evil, let wisdom destruction in stupidity. (Fangruida famous classic)
World history is not with petals that can weave together a beautiful wreath, world history throughout human history actually use the compilation of flesh and blood and sweat out of scroll paintings depicting famous classic .----- Fangruida
Great natural, great universe, it really is the mother of all mankind and life.
Numerous sequences of human history, always natural and ruthlessly presented or presented. Offside and transposition only in the basic sorting sequence appear positive, rebellious or dislocation will be replaced this kind of evolved into a history of bumps and setbacks. In other words, the natural history of mankind is only positive, reverse or reverse does not occur. The difference with this is the natural evolution of the universe sequence, forward and inversion often exchange.
Anatomy of the whole human society, which is the anatomical structure of the human body and the whole of nature is closely related to the world of him and the interdependence of social groups and individual tectonic structure.
If we say that the universe will collapse to collapse, then that is to say, prior to this human society and self-collapse of extinction. The real danger is not that the hazards and predators, but in human society and human beings defects and significant inhibition and overcome mistakes and I do not know , which will itself lead completely destroyed.
Wonderful and fanciful fantasy world is illusory phantom or mirage and reality difficult to build human society is the most real world and can not decline to exist forever. (Fangruida famous classic).
The world is not "Superman", the world's only permanent hard work in the vast field of farming labor husband kept it .----(Fangruida famous classic)
The sun rises in the east every day, day after day, life swing. Nature has actually been displaced, and human world is also moving in the displacement movement. Earth life can be resurrected in the other planets, it is a gift from God and good luck.
Animal world can not rudderless, lions, tigers, wolves, the sheep, horses, geese, monkeys ..... human society is the family of the group, could not disorderly, "the leader, the leading pack ., "Otherwise, everything will do everything to destroy or perish subvert the natural and fundamental law, it is very scary silly deteriorate even in the solar system, the sun is the king of the Ninth; no sun, the earth, the moon will zero.
Day after day, year after year, the Earth, the moon, the sun is constantly rotated; life, the human heart is with the rotation of day and night constantly pulsates ...... Seen in this light, Once stagnation, rotating and pulsating, nature and life will be how the outcome, rotating planets and life beat, it does not mean all the success Shengongguifu nature of human society, for him, the rotation will always be unalterable..; The first thing you want to beat is the survival of human life, the human world and the natural world if radical departure, beating of human life and the entire human society will tend to collapse and die.
There are a variety of life perception and interpretation, some clear, some obscure, some bright, some dark. In fact, both positive and anti, right and wrong, are left in the world and future generations valuable voice.
The struggle of life, wealth, power, fame, status, love, family, career, trying to brilliant pinnacle, everything can not be overstated. In fact, whether or halfway up the mountain to reach the summit, or in the foothills, is a kind of happiness and enjoyment The natural world is always bland, calm as the sea, the human world though a little more luster and warmth, but also in flat calm situation, although sometimes reveal a storm, high Wutu onwards, influence or change their own life trajectory.
Creating the world's history, rather, created the first insight into the world of deep eyes of individuals and groups. Absence or lack of such vision and starting line, must be attributed to arrogance and defeat.
Thousands of the world, thousands of images. Thousands of pairs of eyes, thousands of hands. Myriad masterpiece, thousands of souls. In this absolutely thousands among the only altars and shrines in addition to the idol, is the soul and sense Money makes the sedative comfort. As everyone knows, regardless of the fate of Jian wrong, the world is still good for the good to suffer for the music, to generate Bo death, repeatedly, during the era of generations, the most common interpretation of the most widespread human history.
World often emerged outstanding figures of the gods, can epoch, badly can be interpreted from the myths and legends; but from nature and reality is often absurd theory of a weird or just give up.
People out from nature, and not simply out of the world of human society. On the contrary, nature can only come out from nature, but does not come out from the world of human life. (Fangruida famous classic)
World sideways look, rainbow Jinxia sky; world bristling see if inverted observed haze over the Thunder, the scene is easy enough, haze Thunder sky, rainbow Jinxia everywhere.(Jinxia ---- beautiful pink clouds)
And nonsense are raving idiot, proverbs and reason is the only path to truth.
The unexamined not create the world, wasted years of mediocrity; only diligent, chest Tao Wu slightly in order to lead the world, innovation in the world.
Eternal life is worth, rather than length.
The world is mortal beings, not a genius and a saint can substitute the no genius and saints, beings naturally generated, no beings, genius and saints will be gone.
No one can accurately predict the future of nature and the world, but human wisdom advanced super location but can draw no less natural universe and human society generally rough image for the future. Even far beyond the vision of God.
Human nature is present in higher animals on the natural world, although it has a powerful transformation force wisdom and creativity, but not completely out of nature, after all, a fundamental fantasy or fiction of human nature and animal instinct has been completely isolated gene molecular bodiless not fanaticism is ignorant, because he was not placed in front of infantilism is the first force manic hysteria syndrome. (Fangruida famous classic)
This world is the greatest bible, every day opened a new page, the key is how you follow my handwriting writing left by their predecessors various chapters .------ (Fangruida classic saying.)
Wine is mellow, as long as there is revelry, pure spring water also exudes good taste.
History of the universe, pure natural history of human society history, both the trajectory of human history itself, but also the inevitable process of natural history is full of impassable and escape various blind spots and bane. Neglect or ignore these, will make human society more bizarre history .------- (Fangruida famous classic)
Fangruida famous classic 500 selection (multi-lingual global version control, e-books)
Sound shook the world, a permanent favorite sayings ------ Fangruida classic quotations motto Selected Translations (English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, multilingual electronic version control Version 2012- 3.02)
Fang Rui Da life work a lot, widespread popular that many of his classic quotes the classic motto, inspirational, gives a reverie, giving encouragement, giving teachings, gives insights. Admire and read of him classic quotations classic motto, as if reciting a poem as in, one of which enjoy a painting, listening to a song sounds romantic dance, this is the real charm of the square where the motto Investor quotations. herein is a selection of II. According to the author and the author wishes to question, selected multi-language version control, so that the parties to the reader and appreciation. square Investor classic quotations set of natural science, social science and literature and art in a beautiful, elegant, deep, subtle, mood, right, worthy of the world famous celebrities masterpiece. concise, three words two languages, the finishing touch, the words intended to do endless. Such learning and studying, you can achieve pleasing results, truly understand and analyze every word, every precise meaning and profound concept of the word. So, these are masterpieces, not because of the time and place and change. There are a lot of doubts in the interpretation of the e-book version, elaborate parties Investor classic quotations classic maxim, some more accurate complete Some lacks, and did not really understand and appreciate square Investor classic quotations classic maxim meaning lies. After worth complemented amended. multilingual control version, is to make up for this kind of loss and miscarriage of justice, but also compile and translation have been and author's discussion and validation, without any copyright disputes, authorized by the author disclosed in the city. for the public to enjoy reading. <>, <>, <> and so will continue to publish the advent of appreciation for readers around the world. Finally, for the assistance and edit the translation of you to express my deep gratitude to the friendly colleagues.
(Eds: otis Translation: Adeline / Augelire proofread: fred Audit: Boris)
July 2011 in Paris, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, New York.
_____________________________________________________________
Look at the history of the human individual, but is a few decades, centuries, but rather look at the history of the entire human population is a few hundred thousand years, and put him constantly Expansion of the natural world to appreciate and taste.
Human society is not an abstract body, but a real kaleidoscope.
Humanity the greatest and most powerful place is not that he's tough and mana, the first is constant self-denial.
As long as human society, everything is forward series, regardless of the final outcome of this evolution of how loud or how ruthless .----- (square Investor famous classic).
When life is about to end, you first farewell this life is not only the world, but nature and the universe temporary farewell.
World as colorful palette, from time to time to issue a variety of transformation, some beautiful, some haze, some wonderful, some gray.
The world is not eternal day regulation and order, but the world would not be a permanent disorder or chaos filled the whole planet. Order and disorder kept forever in grafting seesaw. Otherwise, the whole of nature and human society will tends to destroy or complete collapse collapse .---- square Investor classic saying.
Where that is the reality of existence, the reality of it all is that there are no real existence and no existence in reality, as absurd .------- are Fangruida famous classic)
God created the world, the world that God created.
Only human beings truly enter into the kingdom of heaven, in order to truly comprehend the beauty of paradise.
Desires and greed, is a cross to a natural divide human society from the animal kingdom; wisdom and labor - wealth, a huge man from the animal cross the bridge to a rational human society.
Reason and truth is eternal connection, on the contrary, wild and falsehood connection, and ultimately not waiting astray is a failure.
World Vientiane, everyone is in a hurry to come and go, but some passing away, but you can still figure detour back; some people do not leave, the soul has been long dead ..... everyone can flirtation, history will provide wonderful variety of rodeo arena.
That the world is too beautiful rose garden with flowers, it was a naive and childish;. That the world is Heilongtan dark, it is a sad and incompetence of the world is a reality, but also a bit romantic and sentimental .--- - Fangruida classic saying.
Immature and pessimism can not create the world, only the courage and strength to innovation in the world.
World colorful, flowers Tuyan, but that does not mean all the world to disorganized, chaotic disorder. The world and the universe is not chaos to Jiuxing flying, yin and yang imbalance; the world and the universe through its self-regulation, self-compliance with its reasoning, the chaos and gradually establish a new domain.
Simply conquer and dominate the world, is purely natural animal beast game; build the world heaven, can be completely freed from the Beast game.
Natural human animal is not terrible, terrible is its endless sprawl and expansion, it will allow to create into a ruin, so rational degenerate into evil, let wisdom destruction in stupidity. (Fangruida famous classic)
World history is not with petals that can weave together a beautiful wreath, world history throughout human history actually use the compilation of flesh and blood and sweat out of scroll paintings depicting famous classic .----- Fangruida
Great natural, great universe, it really is the mother of all mankind and life.
Numerous sequences of human history, always natural and ruthlessly presented or presented. Offside and transposition only in the basic sorting sequence appear positive, rebellious or dislocation will be replaced this kind of evolved into a history of bumps and setbacks. In other words, the natural history of mankind is only positive, reverse or reverse does not occur. The difference with this is the natural evolution of the universe sequence, forward and inversion often exchange.
Anatomy of the whole human society, which is the anatomical structure of the human body and the whole of nature is closely related to the world of him and the interdependence of social groups and individual tectonic structure.
If we say that the universe will collapse to collapse, then that is to say, prior to this human society and self-collapse of extinction. The real danger is not that the hazards and predators, but in human society and human beings defects and significant inhibition and overcome mistakes and I do not know , which will itself lead completely destroyed.
Wonderful and fanciful fantasy world is illusory phantom or mirage and reality difficult to build human society is the most real world and can not decline to exist forever. (Fangruida famous classic).
The world is not "Superman", the world's only permanent hard work in the vast field of farming labor husband kept it .----(Fangruida famous classic)
The sun rises in the east every day, day after day, life swing. Nature has actually been displaced, and human world is also moving in the displacement movement. Earth life can be resurrected in the other planets, it is a gift from God and good luck.
Animal world can not rudderless, lions, tigers, wolves, the sheep, horses, geese, monkeys ..... human society is the family of the group, could not disorderly, "the leader, the leading pack ., "Otherwise, everything will do everything to destroy or perish subvert the natural and fundamental law, it is very scary silly deteriorate even in the solar system, the sun is the king of the Ninth; no sun, the earth, the moon will zero.
Day after day, year after year, the Earth, the moon, the sun is constantly rotated; life, the human heart is with the rotation of day and night constantly pulsates ...... Seen in this light, Once stagnation, rotating and pulsating, nature and life will be how the outcome, rotating planets and life beat, it does not mean all the success Shengongguifu nature of human society, for him, the rotation will always be unalterable..; The first thing you want to beat is the survival of human life, the human world and the natural world if radical departure, beating of human life and the entire human society will tend to collapse and die.
There are a variety of life perception and interpretation, some clear, some obscure, some bright, some dark. In fact, both positive and anti, right and wrong, are left in the world and future generations valuable voice.
The struggle of life, wealth, power, fame, status, love, family, career, trying to brilliant pinnacle, everything can not be overstated. In fact, whether or halfway up the mountain to reach the summit, or in the foothills, is a kind of happiness and enjoyment The natural world is always bland, calm as the sea, the human world though a little more luster and warmth, but also in flat calm situation, although sometimes reveal a storm, high Wutu onwards, influence or change their own life trajectory.
Creating the world's history, rather, created the first insight into the world of deep eyes of individuals and groups. Absence or lack of such vision and starting line, must be attributed to arrogance and defeat.
Thousands of the world, thousands of images. Thousands of pairs of eyes, thousands of hands. Myriad masterpiece, thousands of souls. In this absolutely thousands among the only altars and shrines in addition to the idol, is the soul and sense Money makes the sedative comfort. As everyone knows, regardless of the fate of Jian wrong, the world is still good for the good to suffer for the music, to generate Bo death, repeatedly, during the era of generations, the most common interpretation of the most widespread human history.
World often emerged outstanding figures of the gods, can epoch, badly can be interpreted from the myths and legends; but from nature and reality is often absurd theory of a weird or just give up.
People out from nature, and not simply out of the world of human society. On the contrary, nature can only come out from nature, but does not come out from the world of human life. (Fangruida famous classic)
World sideways look, rainbow Jinxia sky; world bristling see if inverted observed haze over the Thunder, the scene is easy enough, haze Thunder sky, rainbow Jinxia everywhere.
And nonsense are raving idiot, proverbs and reason is the only path to truth.
The unexamined not create the world, wasted years of mediocrity; only diligent, chest Tao Wu slightly in order to lead the world, innovation in the world.
Eternal life is worth, rather than length.
The world is mortal beings, not a genius and a saint can substitute the no genius and saints, beings naturally generated, no beings, genius and saints will be gone.
No one can accurately predict the future of nature and the world, but human wisdom advanced super location but can draw no less natural universe and human society generally rough image for the future. Even far beyond the vision of God.
Human nature is present in higher animals on the natural world, although it has a powerful transformation force wisdom and creativity, but not completely out of nature, after all, a fundamental fantasy or fiction of human nature and animal instinct has been completely isolated gene molecular bodiless not fanaticism is ignorant, because he was not placed in front of infantilism is the first force manic hysteria syndrome. (Fangruida famous classic)
This world is the greatest bible, every day opened a new page, the key is how you follow my handwriting writing left by their predecessors various chapters .------ (Fangruida classic saying.)
Wine is mellow, as long as there is revelry, pure spring water also exudes good taste.
History of the universe, pure natural history of human society history, both the trajectory of human history itself, but also the inevitable process of natural history is full of impassable and escape various blind spots and bane. Neglect or ignore these, will make human society more bizarre history .------- (Fangruida famous classic)
Fangrui famous classic 500 selection (multi-lingual global version control, e-books) Sound shook the world, a permanent favorite sayings ------ Fangrui classic quotations motto Selected Translations (English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, multilingual electronic version control Version 2012- 3.02) Fang Rui Da life work a lot, widespread popular that many of his classic quotes the classic motto, inspirational, gives a reverie, giving encouragement, giving teachings, gives insights. Admire and read of him classic quotations classic motto, as if reciting a poem as in, one of which enjoy a painting, listening to a song sounds romantic dance, this is the real charm of the square where the motto Investor quotations. herein is a selection of II. According to the author and the author wishes to question, selected multi-language version control, so that the parties to the reader and appreciation. square Investor classic quotations set of natural science, social science and literature and art in a beautiful, elegant, deep, subtle, mood, right, worthy of the world famous celebrities masterpiece. concise, three words two languages, the finishing touch, the words intended to do endless. Such learning and studying, you can achieve pleasing results, truly understand and analyze every word, every precise meaning and profound concept of the word. So, these are masterpieces, not because of the time and place and change. There are a lot of doubts in the interpretation of the e-book version, elaborate parties Investor classic quotations classic maxim, some more accurate complete Some lacks, and did not really understand and appreciate square Investor classic quotations classic maxim meaning lies. After worth complemented amended. multilingual control version, is to make up for this kind of loss and miscarriage of justice, but also compile and translation have been and author's discussion and validation, without any copyright disputes, authorized by the author disclosed in the city. for the public to enjoy reading. <>, <>, <> and so will continue to publish the advent of appreciation for readers around the world. Finally, for the assistance and edit the translation of you to express my deep gratitude to the friendly colleagues. (Eds: otis Translation: Adeline / Augelire proofread: fred Audit: Boris) July 2011 in Paris, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, New York. _____________________________________________________________ Look at the history of the human individual, but is a few decades, centuries, but rather look at the history of the entire human population is a few hundred thousand years, and put him constantly Expansion of the natural world to appreciate and taste. Human society is not an abstract body, but a real kaleidoscope. Humanity the greatest and most powerful place is not that he's tough and mana, the first is constant self-denial. As long as human society, everything is forward series, regardless of the final outcome of this evolution of how loud or how ruthless .----- (square Investor famous classic). When life is about to end, you first farewell this life is not only the world, but nature and the universe temporary farewell. World as colorful palette, from time to time to issue a variety of transformation, some beautiful, some haze, some wonderful, some gray. The world is not eternal day regulation and order, but the world would not be a permanent disorder or chaos filled the whole planet. Order and disorder kept forever in grafting seesaw. Otherwise, the whole of nature and human society will tends to destroy or complete collapse collapse .---- square Investor classic saying. Where that is the reality of existence, the reality of it all is that there are no real existence and no existence in reality, as absurd .------- are Fangruida famous classic) God created the world, the world that God created. Only human beings truly enter into the kingdom of heaven, in order to truly comprehend the beauty of paradise. Desires and greed, is a cross to a natural divide human society from the animal kingdom; wisdom and labor - wealth, a huge man from the animal cross the bridge to a rational human society. Reason and truth is eternal connection, on the contrary, wild and falsehood connection, and ultimately not waiting astray is a failure. World Vientiane, everyone is in a hurry to come and go, but some passing away, but you can still figure detour back; some people do not leave, the soul has been long dead ..... everyone can flirtation, history will provide wonderful variety of rodeo arena. That the world is too beautiful rose garden with flowers, it was a naive and childish;. That the world is Heilongtan dark, it is a sad and incompetence of the world is a reality, but also a bit romantic and sentimental .--- - Fangruida classic saying. Immature and pessimism can not create the world, only the courage and strength to innovation in the world. World colorful, flowers Tuyan, but that does not mean all the world to disorganized, chaotic disorder. The world and the universe is not chaos to Jiuxing flying, yin and yang imbalance; the world and the universe through its self-regulation, self-compliance with its reasoning, the chaos and gradually establish a new domain. Simply conquer and dominate the world, is purely natural animal beast game; build the world heaven, can be completely freed from the Beast game. Natural human animal is not terrible, terrible is its endless sprawl and expansion, it will allow to create into a ruin, so rational degenerate into evil, let wisdom destruction in stupidity. (Fangruida famous classic) World history is not with petals that can weave together a beautiful wreath, world history throughout human history actually use the compilation of flesh and blood and sweat out of scroll paintings depicting famous classic .----- Fangruida Great natural, great universe, it really is the mother of all mankind and life. Numerous sequences of human history, always natural and ruthlessly presented or presented. Offside and transposition only in the basic sorting sequence appear positive, rebellious or dislocation will be replaced this kind of evolved into a history of bumps and setbacks. In other words, the natural history of mankind is only positive, reverse or reverse does not occur. The difference with this is the natural evolution of the universe sequence, forward and inversion often exchange. Anatomy of the whole human society, which is the anatomical structure of the human body and the whole of nature is closely related to the world of him and the interdependence of social groups and individual tectonic structure. If we say that the universe will collapse to collapse, then that is to say, prior to this human society and self-collapse of extinction. The real danger is not that the hazards and predators, but in human society and human beings defects and significant inhibition and overcome mistakes and I do not know , which will itself lead completely destroyed. Wonderful and fanciful fantasy world is illusory phantom or mirage and reality difficult to build human society is the most real world and can not decline to exist forever. (Fangruida famous classic). The world is not "Superman", the world's only permanent hard work in the vast field of farming labor husband kept it .----(Fangruida famous classic) The sun rises in the east every day, day after day, life swing. Nature has actually been displaced, and human world is also moving in the displacement movement. Earth life can be resurrected in the other planets, it is a gift from God and good luck. Animal world can not rudderless, lions, tigers, wolves, the sheep, horses, geese, monkeys ..... human society is the family of the group, could not disorderly, "the leader, the leading pack ., "Otherwise, everything will do everything to destroy or perish subvert the natural and fundamental law, it is very scary silly deteriorate even in the solar system, the sun is the king of the Ninth; no sun, the earth, the moon will zero. Day after day, year after year, the Earth, the moon, the sun is constantly rotated; life, the human heart is with the rotation of day and night constantly pulsates ...... Seen in this light, Once stagnation, rotating and pulsating, nature and life will be how the outcome, rotating planets and life beat, it does not mean all the success Shengongguifu nature of human society, for him, the rotation will always be unalterable..; The first thing you want to beat is the survival of human life, the human world and the natural world if radical departure, beating of human life and the entire human society will tend to collapse and die. There are a variety of life perception and interpretation, some clear, some obscure, some bright, some dark. In fact, both positive and anti, right and wrong, are left in the world and future generations valuable voice. The struggle of life, wealth, power, fame, status, love, family, career, trying to brilliant pinnacle, everything can not be overstated. In fact, whether or halfway up the mountain to reach the summit, or in the foothills, is a kind of happiness and enjoyment The natural world is always bland, calm as the sea, the human world though a little more luster and warmth, but also in flat calm situation, although sometimes reveal a storm, high Wutu onwards, influence or change their own life trajectory. Creating the world's history, rather, created the first insight into the world of deep eyes of individuals and groups. Absence or lack of such vision and starting line, must be attributed to arrogance and defeat. Thousands of the world, thousands of images. Thousands of pairs of eyes, thousands of hands. Myriad masterpiece, thousands of souls. In this absolutely thousands among the only altars and shrines in addition to the idol, is the soul and sense Money makes the sedative comfort. As everyone knows, regardless of the fate of Jian wrong, the world is still good for the good to suffer for the music, to generate Bo death, repeatedly, during the era of generations, the most common interpretation of the most widespread human history. World often emerged outstanding figures of the gods, can epoch, badly can be interpreted from the myths and legends; but from nature and reality is often absurd theory of a weird or just give up. People out from nature, and not simply out of the world of human society. On the contrary, nature can only come out from nature, but does not come out from the world of human life. (Fangruida famous classic) World sideways look, rainbow Jinxia sky; world bristling see if inverted observed haze over the Thunder, the scene is easy enough, haze Thunder sky, rainbow Jinxia everywhere. And nonsense are raving idiot, proverbs and reason is the only path to truth. The unexamined not create the world, wasted years of mediocrity; only diligent, chest Tao Wu slightly in order to lead the world, innovation in the world. Eternal life is worth, rather than length. The world is mortal beings, not a genius and a saint can substitute the no genius and saints, beings naturally generated, no beings, genius and saints will be gone. No one can accurately predict the future of nature and the world, but human wisdom advanced super location but can draw no less natural universe and human society generally rough image for the future. Even far beyond the vision of God. Human nature is present in higher animals on the natural world, although it has a powerful transformation force wisdom and creativity, but not completely out of nature, after all, a fundamental fantasy or fiction of human nature and animal instinct has been completely isolated gene molecular bodiless not fanaticism is ignorant, because he was not placed in front of infantilism is the first force manic hysteria syndrome. (Fangruida famous classic) This world is the greatest bible, every day opened a new page, the key is how you follow my handwriting writing left by their predecessors various chapters .------ (Fangruida classic saying.) Wine is mellow, as long as there is revelry, pure spring water also exudes good taste. History of the universe, pure natural history of human society history, both the trajectory of human history itself, but also the inevitable process of natural history is full of impassable and escape various blind spots and bane. Neglect or ignore these, will make human society more bizarre history .------- (Fangruida famous classic)
Fangruida famous classic 500 selection (multi-lingual global version control, e-books) Sound shook the world, a permanent favorite sayings ------ Fangruida classic quotations motto Selected Translations (English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, multilingual electronic version control Version 2012- 3.02) Fang Rui Da life work a lot, widespread popular that many of his classic quotes the classic motto, inspirational, gives a reverie, giving encouragement, giving teachings, gives insights. Admire and read of him classic quotations classic motto, as if reciting a poem as in, one of which enjoy a painting, listening to a song sounds romantic dance, this is the real charm of the square where the motto Investor quotations. herein is a selection of II. According to the author and the author wishes to question, selected multi-language version control, so that the parties to the reader and appreciation. square Investor classic quotations set of natural science, social science and literature and art in a beautiful, elegant, deep, subtle, mood, right, worthy of the world famous celebrities masterpiece. concise, three words two languages, the finishing touch, the words intended to do endless. Such learning and studying, you can achieve pleasing results, truly understand and analyze every word, every precise meaning and profound concept of the word. So, these are masterpieces, not because of the time and place and change. There are a lot of doubts in the interpretation of the e-book version, elaborate parties Investor classic quotations classic maxim, some more accurate complete Some lacks, and did not really understand and appreciate square Investor classic quotations classic maxim meaning lies. After worth complemented amended. multilingual control version, is to make up for this kind of loss and miscarriage of justice, but also compile and translation have been and author's discussion and validation, without any copyright disputes, authorized by the author disclosed in the city. for the public to enjoy reading. <>, <>, <> and so will continue to publish the advent of appreciation for readers around the world. Finally, for the assistance and edit the translation of you to express my deep gratitude to the friendly colleagues. (Eds: otis Translation: Adeline / Augelire proofread: fred Audit: Boris) July 2011 in Paris, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, New York. _____________________________________________________________ Look at the history of the human individual, but is a few decades, centuries, but rather look at the history of the entire human population is a few hundred thousand years, and put him constantly Expansion of the natural world to appreciate and taste. Human society is not an abstract body, but a real kaleidoscope. Humanity the greatest and most powerful place is not that he's tough and mana, the first is constant self-denial. As long as human society, everything is forward series, regardless of the final outcome of this evolution of how loud or how ruthless .----- (square Investor famous classic). When life is about to end, you first farewell this life is not only the world, but nature and the universe temporary farewell. World as colorful palette, from time to time to issue a variety of transformation, some beautiful, some haze, some wonderful, some gray. The world is not eternal day regulation and order, but the world would not be a permanent disorder or chaos filled the whole planet. Order and disorder kept forever in grafting seesaw. Otherwise, the whole of nature and human society will tends to destroy or complete collapse collapse .---- square Investor classic saying. Where that is the reality of existence, the reality of it all is that there are no real existence and no existence in reality, as absurd .------- are Fangruida famous classic) God created the world, the world that God created. Only human beings truly enter into the kingdom of heaven, in order to truly comprehend the beauty of paradise. Desires and greed, is a cross to a natural divide human society from the animal kingdom; wisdom and labor - wealth, a huge man from the animal cross the bridge to a rational human society. Reason and truth is eternal connection, on the contrary, wild and falsehood connection, and ultimately not waiting astray is a failure. World Vientiane, everyone is in a hurry to come and go, but some passing away, but you can still figure detour back; some people do not leave, the soul has been long dead ..... everyone can flirtation, history will provide wonderful variety of rodeo arena. That the world is too beautiful rose garden with flowers, it was a naive and childish;. That the world is Heilongtan dark, it is a sad and incompetence of the world is a reality, but also a bit romantic and sentimental .--- - Fangruida classic saying. Immature and pessimism can not create the world, only the courage and strength to innovation in the world. World colorful, flowers Tuyan, but that does not mean all the world to disorganized, chaotic disorder. The world and the universe is not chaos to Jiuxing flying, yin and yang imbalance; the world and the universe through its self-regulation, self-compliance with its reasoning, the chaos and gradually establish a new domain. Simply conquer and dominate the world, is purely natural animal beast game; build the world heaven, can be completely freed from the Beast game. Natural human animal is not terrible, terrible is its endless sprawl and expansion, it will allow to create into a ruin, so rational degenerate into evil, let wisdom destruction in stupidity. (Fangruida famous classic) World history is not with petals that can weave together a beautiful wreath, world history throughout human history actually use the compilation of flesh and blood and sweat out of scroll paintings depicting famous classic .----- Fangruida Great natural, great universe, it really is the mother of all mankind and life. Numerous sequences of human history, always natural and ruthlessly presented or presented. Offside and transposition only in the basic sorting sequence appear positive, rebellious or dislocation will be replaced this kind of evolved into a history of bumps and setbacks. In other words, the natural history of mankind is only positive, reverse or reverse does not occur. The difference with this is the natural evolution of the universe sequence, forward and inversion often exchange. Anatomy of the whole human society, which is the anatomical structure of the human body and the whole of nature is closely related to the world of him and the interdependence of social groups and individual tectonic structure. If we say that the universe will collapse to collapse, then that is to say, prior to this human society and self-collapse of extinction. The real danger is not that the hazards and predators, but in human society and human beings defects and significant inhibition and overcome mistakes and I do not know , which will itself lead completely destroyed. Wonderful and fanciful fantasy world is illusory phantom or mirage and reality difficult to build human society is the most real world and can not decline to exist forever. (Fangruida famous classic). The world is not "Superman", the world's only permanent hard work in the vast field of farming labor husband kept it .----(Fangruida famous classic) The sun rises in the east every day, day after day, life swing. Nature has actually been displaced, and human world is also moving in the displacement movement. Earth life can be resurrected in the other planets, it is a gift from God and good luck. Animal world can not rudderless, lions, tigers, wolves, the sheep, horses, geese, monkeys ..... human society is the family of the group, could not disorderly, "the leader, the leading pack ., "Otherwise, everything will do everything to destroy or perish subvert the natural and fundamental law, it is very scary silly deteriorate even in the solar system, the sun is the king of the Ninth; no sun, the earth, the moon will zero. Day after day, year after year, the Earth, the moon, the sun is constantly rotated; life, the human heart is with the rotation of day and night constantly pulsates ...... Seen in this light, Once stagnation, rotating and pulsating, nature and life will be how the outcome, rotating planets and life beat, it does not mean all the success Shengongguifu nature of human society, for him, the rotation will always be unalterable..; The first thing you want to beat is the survival of human life, the human world and the natural world if radical departure, beating of human life and the entire human society will tend to collapse and die. There are a variety of life perception and interpretation, some clear, some obscure, some bright, some dark. In fact, both positive and anti, right and wrong, are left in the world and future generations valuable voice. The struggle of life, wealth, power, fame, status, love, family, career, trying to brilliant pinnacle, everything can not be overstated. In fact, whether or halfway up the mountain to reach the summit, or in the foothills, is a kind of happiness and enjoyment The natural world is always bland, calm as the sea, the human world though a little more luster and warmth, but also in flat calm situation, although sometimes reveal a storm, high Wutu onwards, influence or change their own life trajectory. Creating the world's history, rather, created the first insight into the world of deep eyes of individuals and groups. Absence or lack of such vision and starting line, must be attributed to arrogance and defeat. Thousands of the world, thousands of images. Thousands of pairs of eyes, thousands of hands. Myriad masterpiece, thousands of souls. In this absolutely thousands among the only altars and shrines in addition to the idol, is the soul and sense Money makes the sedative comfort. As everyone knows, regardless of the fate of Jian wrong, the world is still good for the good to suffer for the music, to generate Bo death, repeatedly, during the era of generations, the most common interpretation of the most widespread human history. World often emerged outstanding figures of the gods, can epoch, badly can be interpreted from the myths and legends; but from nature and reality is often absurd theory of a weird or just give up. People out from nature, and not simply out of the world of human society. On the contrary, nature can only come out from nature, but does not come out from the world of human life. (Fangruida famous classic) World sideways look, rainbow Jinxia sky; world bristling see if inverted observed haze over the Thunder, the scene is easy enough, haze Thunder sky, rainbow Jinxia everywhere. And nonsense are raving idiot, proverbs and reason is the only path to truth. The unexamined not create the world, wasted years of mediocrity; only diligent, chest Tao Wu slightly in order to lead the world, innovation in the world. Eternal life is worth, rather than length. The world is mortal beings, not a genius and a saint can substitute the no genius and saints, beings naturally generated, no beings, genius and saints will be gone. No one can accurately predict the future of nature and the world, but human wisdom advanced super location but can draw no less natural universe and human society generally rough image for the future. Even far beyond the vision of God. Human nature is present in higher animals on the natural world, although it has a powerful transformation force wisdom and creativity, but not completely out of nature, after all, a fundamental fantasy or fiction of human nature and animal instinct has been completely isolated gene molecular bodiless not fanaticism is ignorant, because he was not placed in front of infantilism is the first force manic hysteria syndrome. (Fangruida famous classic) This world is the greatest bible, every day opened a new page, the key is how you follow my handwriting writing left by their predecessors various chapters .------ (Fangruida classic saying.) Wine is mellow, as long as there is revelry, pure spring water also exudes good taste. History of the universe, pure natural history of human society history, both the trajectory of human history itself, but also the inevitable process of natural history is full of impassable and escape various blind spots and bane. Neglect or ignore these, will make human society more bizarre history .------- (Fangruida famous classic)
Brainstorm Session with NCHD Sindh Mar6, 2015 at Karachi University
Brainstorming Session
1. Challenges for universal primary education in Pakistan.
2. Role of NCHD and PHDF to increase the literacy rate.
3. Success and Failure of Plan already implemented.
4. Reasoning for High Drop out of students.
5. Improvement of Infrastructure needed for improving literacy rate.
6. How to incorporate technology for basic education?
7. Capacity building and teachers training programs and etc.
Participants: Mr.Pervaiz Lodhie Member PHDF, Madam Humaira Hashmi Director Operations NCHD Sindh, Mr.Anees Ur Rehman Chairman Fund Raising Committee Rotery Club,Dr. Iqbal Muhammad Choudry Director HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry Karachi University.Mr.Abdul Wajid Shaikh DGM Karachi and Jamshoro, Mr.Daim Janwri DGM Thatta, Mr.Muneer Memon DGM Badin, Mr.Pir Niaz Jan DGM TM Khan, Dr Anwar Rajar DGM Matiari, Mr.Riaz Ahmed Aagro DGM Tando Allahyar, Mr.Sher Muhammad Mangrio ADGM Umer Kot,Mr.Abdul Fatah Moro DGM SBA&N.Feroz,Mr.Ayaz Shaikh DGM Larkana,Mr.Rizawan Memon ADGM Shikarpur, Mr.Javed Mangi ADGM Sukkur,Miss.Qamar u Nisa ADGM Ghotiki,Mr.Ali Madad Bozdar ADGM Jacab abad, Mr.Sajjad Ali Memon PCE, Mr.Hamza Lashari PCL,Miss.Zeesha Khuwaja Provincial Manager.
Madam Humaira Hashmi ( Director Operations NCHD Sindh ) provided detailed presentation about NCHD Programs i.e. UPE, Literacy, BBSYDP Projects and also about MALALA and OWN School initiatives. It also includes the detailed briefing of NCHD’s national and provincial achievements. The achievements and efforts were widely appreciated by the Participants.
Dr. Iqbal Muhammad Choudry Director HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry Karachi University highlighted the importance of education and appreciated the role of NCHD in bridging the gap between strategy formulation and strategy execution to enhance Literacy rate and Universal Primary Education (UPE) with a view to fulfilling Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). He further ensured his volunteer support in teachers’ training and development for the provision of intellectual volunteers for the training of teachers all across the board. He further said that socio-economic development of Brazil, South Korea and Malaysia is largely attributed to effective education systems. In addition to that he urged government to increase budget allocation for the education sector.
Anees Ur Rehman Chairman Fund Raising Committee Rotery Club explained the role of private sector for enhancement of education. He said that Rotery club is already working for improvements in education. He affirmed his support to NCHD and also ensured that they would also undertake filed visits in collaboration with NCHD aiming at enhancement of School initiatives.
Pervaiz Lodhie Member PHDF provided detailed information regarding background of PHDF its working style and the current role. He also explained the collaboration of PHDF with NCHD & Govt of Pakistan. He also conducted interactive session with the participants about the models of UPE and Literacy. He also discussed about the use of technology to improve the education and teacher’s training.
All DGMs shared the achievements of their respective districts in the UPE and Literacy and also provided feedback to further improve the execution of strategies at the district level.
Prevez Lodhi sb appreciated the work, efforts and achievement of NCHD and focused on proper showcasing of NCHD work to share with the national and international donor community to attract them to support education through NCHD. He suggested all DGMs of NCHD to share success story reports & documentaries of schools/ literacy centers on social groups.
He further shared that his meeting with Baligh ur Rehman (Minister for Professional Education and Technical Training) has been fixed in which he will discuss about NCHD.
Recent update(group 2). D 2nd reason y I have this collection - see the photo www.flickr.com/photos/cliffather/1286721245/in/dateposted/ See the reasoning here: www.pinterest.com/cliffather/my-faves/
Peabody Essex Museum
XYZT is an immersive art exhibition comprised of 10 interactive virtual environments generated using math and physics models. In a darkened gallery, guests use their own movement and gestures to interact with light in a series of digital landscapes inspired by nature. Specific sensations, such as walking in the grass or putting your hands into the sand, are transposed into abstract, sensory encounters with lines, dots and letters.
XYZT creators Adrien Mondot and Claire Bardainne, French artists/performers/computer scientists, describe the installations as "a journey through nature revisited." Each letter in "XYZT" identifies the movement of a point in space - horizontal (X), vertical (Y), depth (Z) and time (T). The experience melds playful exploration with scientific reasoning, as each installation is accompanied by a video label on the nature of the underlying physical behavior, complete with excerpts from related dance performances.