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The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 issuing banks in the EBRD regions and more than 800 confirming banks worldwide. The event gave 150 guests the opportunity to review and discuss current market challenges with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and the local, national International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) committees industry. It also featured the highly popular annual award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘Deal of the Year’, co-hosted with the “Financial Times Special Editions”.
Moderators
Anna Brod
Principal Banker, EBRD
Kamola Makhmudova
Associate Director, Senior Banker, TFP, EBRD
Rudolf Putz
Head Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP), EBRD
Speakers
Marc Auboin
Counsellor, World Trade Organization
Faycal Badawi
Director of Foreign Banking Relations & Trade Financing, BMCE Bank Of Africa
Chafic Haddad
Head of EMEA, Financial Institutions, Citi
Andrea Hauptmann
Executive Director, Head of Guarantees Department, Raiffeisen Bank International AG
William Howarth
President, International Compliance Association
Alan Ketley
Managing Director, Global AML Advisory, MUFG
Hans Krohn
Regional Head CIS, Commerzbank AG
David Yung-Lo Lin
Representative, Taipei Representative Office in the UK
Francis Malige
Managing Director Financial Institutions Group, EBRD
Jelena Moraca
Corporate Strategy & Transactional Banking Department Deputy m, Eurobank A. D.
Ulf-Peter Noetzel
Global Head of Trade Finance Financial Institutions, Deutsche Bank AG
Vincent O'Brien
Chair, ICC Banking Commission
Selma Omić
COO - Member of the Management Board, Addiko Bank dd
Lakis Pantelides
Manager Trade Services, Bank of Cyprus Group
Sanela Pašić
CEO - President of the Management Board, Addiko Bank dd
Elena Ristevska
Senior Officer, Komercijalna Banka AD Skopje
Senad Softić
Governor, Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Civil Society Programme took place on Wednesday 11 May and Thursday 12 May and provided an opportunity for dialogue between civil society and EBRD staff, senior management, the President and Board Directors. It was an occasion for civil society stakeholders to learn more about the Bank and discuss issues of interest and concern regarding the EBRDâs policies and investment projects.
The Programme also featured multi-stakeholder roundtable sessions on key strategic themes related to the role of civil society as an important actor in transition and development processes. Special features of the Civil Society Programme 2016 were discussions on:
â¢25 years of Transition - The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
â¢Engaging civil society to promote transparent procurement
â¢EBRDâs Strategy for the Promotion of Gender Equality (2016-2020): the role of civil society
â¢Inclusion through skills and innovatiom
In addition, a panel organised by the youth organisation AIESEC looked at the role of youth in shaping the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
25 years of Transition: The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
A fire-side chat with Sergei Guriev, Professor of Economics, Sciences Po (incoming EBRD Chief Economist)
Civil society, operating in the space between public and private sectors, has played an important role in socio-political and economic transition processes around the world, including the EBRDâs traditional countries of operations. In 25 years since the establishment of the EBRD, civil societyâs contribution to transition has varied across the post-communist transition region. In some countries, the work of civil society organisations (CSOs) has contributed to more democratic political systems and more open market based economies as a âreputational actorâ performing a âwatchdogâ function and as a generator of âsocial capitalâ necessary to sustain the chan
Sur le site de l'ancienne gendarmerie Le Flem, Bouygues immobilier lance un programme de 400 logements dont 68 logements sociaux et des locaux d'activités et commerces. Le projet est en phase de commercialisation.
© in-situ - Vue non contractuelle
The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.
It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.
The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.
It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.
The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.
It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.
The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.
It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.
The Civil Society Programme took place on Wednesday 11 May and Thursday 12 May and provided an opportunity for dialogue between civil society and EBRD staff, senior management, the President and Board Directors. It was an occasion for civil society stakeholders to learn more about the Bank and discuss issues of interest and concern regarding the EBRD’s policies and investment projects.
The Programme also featured multi-stakeholder roundtable sessions on key strategic themes related to the role of civil society as an important actor in transition and development processes. Special features of the Civil Society Programme 2016 were discussions on:
•25 years of Transition - The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
•Engaging civil society to promote transparent procurement
•EBRD’s Strategy for the Promotion of Gender Equality (2016-2020): the role of civil society
•Inclusion through skills and innovatiom
In addition, a panel organised by the youth organisation AIESEC looked at the role of youth in shaping the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
25 years of Transition: The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
A fire-side chat with Sergei Guriev, Professor of Economics, Sciences Po (incoming EBRD Chief Economist)
Civil society, operating in the space between public and private sectors, has played an important role in socio-political and economic transition processes around the world, including the EBRD’s traditional countries of operations. In 25 years since the establishment of the EBRD, civil society’s contribution to transition has varied across the post-communist transition region. In some countries, the work of civil society organisations (CSOs) has contributed to more democratic political systems and more open market based economies as a ‘reputational actor’ performing a ‘watchdog’ function and as a generator of ‘social capital’ necessary to sustain the change process through the difficult early years. In other countries, the focus of CSOs has been on providing a variety of social services particularly to disadvantaged and vulnerable people negatively affected by the transition process. Many civil society actors have been operating in restrictive regulatory environments, and have relied heavily on international donor funding.
What has been civil society’s input into promoting good governance, sustainable development and economic inclusion in EBRD’s traditional region over the past few decades? What are the key lessons learned, from both its successes and failures that can be applied to other countries embarking on a transition process? What steps could be taken to increase the role of civil society in promoting positive changes in societies and economies?
The discussion looked back at the key achievements and setbacks of the civil society sector in contributing to transition since the Bank’s establishment. It also reflected upon the challenges ahead for civil society in building well-governed, sustainable and inclusive economies and societies.
This is David Dein and "JVC UK Supremo Kurt Lowy (left)" from when JVC were the Gooners sponsors. I found it in the bin as my wife was chucking it out - and it marks the 100th match between Spurs and the Arse. Probably worth a bit.
Page from the theatre programme for a production of "The Geisha" at the Hippodrome Theatre, Keighley, staged by Keighley Amateur Operatic and Dramatic Society in September 1919. This page includes adverts for F. Stansfield (ladies' blouses) of Lawkholme Crescent, and Geo. Feather (silversmith and optician) of Cavendish Street.
Keighley Amateur Operatic and Dramatic Society's production of "The Geisha" played at the Hippodrome Theatre in Keighley for six nights from Monday 22nd September to Saturday 27th September 1919. The Japanese musical comedy was written by Owen Hall with music by Sidney Jones. The KAODS production was produced by Edwin Bryan, with musical director Joseph Harker.
This was only the second production staged by the Keighley Amateur Operatic and Dramatic Society, following their debut with "Haddon Hall" in 1914. The outbreak of the First World War meant further productions were put on hold for over five years.
The story is set in a Japanese Tea House run by Chinaman Wun-Hi (played by Ernest Marsden). A troupe of Geisha are attached to the Tea House, including the celebrated O Mimosa San (Mabel Rothera). A party of English sailors from H. M. S. 'The Turtle' and English ladies from the yacht of Lady Constance Wynne (Gladys Broster) visit the Tea House. Officer Reginald Fairfax (Harry Shackleton) falls for the charms of Mimosa, despite being engaged to Molly Seamore (Ethel Bird). But Provincial Governor Marquis Imari (W. Bruce Johnston) also has his heart set on Mimosa and threatens to close down the Tea House and auction off the geisha. When this is carried out Lady Constance wins the bidding for Mimosa but Molly has disguised herself as a geisha and ends up being bought by the Marquis. Later at the Marquis' Palace, his wedding to Molly is about to take place when Lady Constance, Reginald and others from the English party arrive and set about sorting out the confusion. Reginald and Molly are reunited, the Marquis ends up with Tea House interpreter Juliette (Annie Battle), and Mimosa ends up with her intended, Captain Katana (Arthur G. Ramsden).
The show also starred Mary Stell, Marion Holmes, Maud Holmes, Agnes Battle, Doris Capper, Annie Watson, Nancy Wilkinson, Florence McDonnell, J. Louis Midgley, Harry Ambler, Dick Bird, Norah B. Holmes, and Frank Shuttleworth.
The Keighley News of Saturday 27th September 1919 reviewed the production: "A word of commendation is due to the members of the Keighley Amateur Operatic and Dramatic Society on the way in which they took in hand the task of reorganising their affairs and on the thoroughness with which the work was done to enable 'The Geisha' to be presented at the Keighley Hippodrome this week... The selection of 'The Geisha' proved a happy one. Light and catchy music, opportunities for dainty and vivacious acting by the ladies, and a breezy, nautical touch - all in keeping with present-day demand - are the characteristics of this popular comic opera."
"Evidence of excellent support was forthcoming immediately the booking of seats commenced, and it was obvious at an early date that the financial success of the affair was assured. It was therefore with extreme gratification that the committee were able to announce at the close of Monday night's performance that they had achieved a first night record and that in view of the initial success a performance would be given the Saturday afternoon in addition to those announced for each evening of the week."
The 40-page programme was printed by Wadsworth & Co. of Russell Street, Keighley. It measures approximately 195mm by 125mm. The programme was part of an anonymous donation given in 2022.
2018年度實習計劃 — 旁聽立法會會議
2018年度实习计划 — 旁听立法会会议
2018 internship programme - observation of Council meeting (2018.06.20)
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Programme Name: EastEnders - TX: n/a - Episode: n/a (No. n/a) - Picture Shows: Carmel. Carmel (BONNIE LANGFORD) - (C) BBC - Photographer: Jack Barnes
Delegates attending the Member State Support Programme Coordinators’ meeting at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, Austria on 8 March 2016.
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
A second win for Dave Curtis, in the premier event of the day. Per the narrative in Dennis Boatwright's book, Derek Rickman took a tumble and broke an arm - and Jeff Smith held a 'stalking' position until lap seven when he retired with rear suspension problems.
N.B. - number 47 - Dave Bickers [ 500 Triumph ]
Oh, by the way - the 3rd August Shrublands meeting was one day behind the 2nd August 500 GP held at Namur. The Belgian result was:
1 - Bill Nilsson [ Crescent ]
2 - Sten Lundin [ Monark ]
3 - Dave Curtis [ Matchless ]
4 - Les Archer [ Norton ]
5 - Rolf Tibblin [ Husqvarna ]
6 - Jeff Smith [ BSA ]
Wow! - did Dave and Jeff have a busy weekend.
59th ABU General Assembly and Associated Meetings 2022
25 November - 30 November 2022
New Delhi, India
Copyright Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union. Please credit accordingly.
UN-NYG Mentoring Programme Kick-Off Event, Season 2 held at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 4 September 2018.
Purpose:
To officially initiate and set the tone of the UN-NYG Mentoring Programme
To appreciate the support given by Mary Alice Hayward, IAEA Deputy Director General and Head of the Department of Management and MTHR
To "break the ice" between UN-NYG Mentoring Programme menor and mentees
To provide guidance on structure and expectation of programme
Mentoring Coordinator - Amelia Lee Zhi Yi
Executive Sponsor - Mary Alice Hayward, IAEA Deputy Director General and Head of the Department of Management
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes almost 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD confirming and issuing banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges and opportunities with leading specialists, including International Chamber of Commerce and Chief Economist Office. It also featured 25th anniversary award ceremony which will recognize most active banks in EBRD Countries of Operations.
14:30 – 14:45 Opening and Welcome Speeches
• Alexander Saveliev, Director, Financial Institutions, EBRD
• Rudolf Putz, Head of Trade Facilitation Programme, EBRD
14:50 – 15:30 Panel Discussion: Development of Trade & Trade Finance - SEMED
Moderator: Kamola Makhmudova, Senior Banker, EBRD
• Alexander Plekhanov, Office of the Chief Economist, EBRD
• Hanane El Boury, Banque Centrale Populaire (BCP), the Kingdom of Morocco
• Ahmed Benyahya, BMCE Bank, the Kingdom of Morocco
• Hossam Mustafa Rageh, Commercial International Bank (CIB), the Arab Republic of Egypt
• Anas AlMasri, Bank Al Etihad, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 15:30 –
15:50 – 16:30 Panel Discussion: EBRD’s new Partner Banks
Moderator: Marco Nindl, Principal Banker, EBRD
• Sally Hamdalla, QNB Alahli, the Arab Republic of Egypt
• Malliotis Achilleas, Eurobank Cyprus, Republic of Cyprus
• Vladislav Berezhny, Credit Agricole Bank, Ukraine
• Ahu Heper Dolu, Fibabanka, Republic of Turkey
• Andrew Wood, Norton Rose Fulbright LLP, the United Kingdom
16:35 – 17:15 Panel Discussion: Trade Finance Solutions for Imports of Energy Efficient Machinery & Equipment – Gaps and Constraints
Moderator: Terry McCallion, Director, Energy Efficiency and Climate Change, EBRD
• Sergiy Kostogryz, Raiffeisen Bank Aval, Ukraine
• Gagik Sahakyan, Ameriabank, Armenia
• Maria Mogilnaya, Associate Banker, EBRD
• Holger Kautzky, Commerzbank
• Eugenia Zhiglova, KBC Bank
17:35 – 18:10 TFP Annual Awards Ceremony
Hosted by Nick Tesseyman, Managing Director, Financial Institutions, EBRD
Congratulations from Ambassador Chih-Kung Liu, Head of the Taipei Representative Office in the UK
The Civil Society Programme took place on Wednesday 11 May and Thursday 12 May and provided an opportunity for dialogue between civil society and EBRD staff, senior management, the President and Board Directors. It was an occasion for civil society stakeholders to learn more about the Bank and discuss issues of interest and concern regarding the EBRDâs policies and investment projects.
The Programme also featured multi-stakeholder roundtable sessions on key strategic themes related to the role of civil society as an important actor in transition and development processes. Special features of the Civil Society Programme 2016 were discussions on:
â¢25 years of Transition - The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
â¢Engaging civil society to promote transparent procurement
â¢EBRDâs Strategy for the Promotion of Gender Equality (2016-2020): the role of civil society
â¢Inclusion through skills and innovatiom
In addition, a panel organised by the youth organisation AIESEC looked at the role of youth in shaping the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
25 years of Transition: The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
A fire-side chat with Sergei Guriev, Professor of Economics, Sciences Po (incoming EBRD Chief Economist)
Civil society, operating in the space between public and private sectors, has played an important role in socio-political and economic transition processes around the world, including the EBRDâs traditional countries of operations. In 25 years since the establishment of the EBRD, civil societyâs contribution to transition has varied across the post-communist transition region. In some countries, the work of civil society organisations (CSOs) has contributed to more democratic political systems and more open market based economies as a âreputational actorâ performing a âwatchdogâ function and as a generator of âsocial capitalâ necessary to sustain the chan
The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.
It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.
2017年度實習計劃 — "與秘書長會晤"環節
2017年度实习计划 — "与秘书长会晤"环节
2017 internship programme - "Meeting with the Secretary General" session (2017.06.30)
59th ABU General Assembly and Associated Meetings 2022
25 November - 30 November 2022
New Delhi, India
Copyright Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union. Please credit accordingly.
The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.
It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.
Beyond Nashville, an outragously brilliant concept attempting to bring artists such as Jim White, THe Handsome Family, The Jayhawks , Willard Grant Conspiracy to London in the aftermath of 9/11. Unfortunately some didn't fly at that time, although I was fortunate to see Steve Earle and the Blind Boys of Alabama exactly 12 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.
It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.
The Civil Society Programme took place on Wednesday 11 May and Thursday 12 May and provided an opportunity for dialogue between civil society and EBRD staff, senior management, the President and Board Directors. It was an occasion for civil society stakeholders to learn more about the Bank and discuss issues of interest and concern regarding the EBRDâs policies and investment projects.
The Programme also featured multi-stakeholder roundtable sessions on key strategic themes related to the role of civil society as an important actor in transition and development processes. Special features of the Civil Society Programme 2016 were discussions on:
â¢25 years of Transition - The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
â¢Engaging civil society to promote transparent procurement
â¢EBRDâs Strategy for the Promotion of Gender Equality (2016-2020): the role of civil society
â¢Inclusion through skills and innovatiom
In addition, a panel organised by the youth organisation AIESEC looked at the role of youth in shaping the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
25 years of Transition: The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
A fire-side chat with Sergei Guriev, Professor of Economics, Sciences Po (incoming EBRD Chief Economist)
Civil society, operating in the space between public and private sectors, has played an important role in socio-political and economic transition processes around the world, including the EBRDâs traditional countries of operations. In 25 years since the establishment of the EBRD, civil societyâs contribution to transition has varied across the post-communist transition region. In some countries, the work of civil society organisations (CSOs) has contributed to more democratic political systems and more open market based economies as a âreputational actorâ performing a âwatchdogâ function and as a generator of âsocial capitalâ necessary to sustain the chan
The Civil Society Programme took place on Wednesday 11 May and Thursday 12 May and provided an opportunity for dialogue between civil society and EBRD staff, senior management, the President and Board Directors. It was an occasion for civil society stakeholders to learn more about the Bank and discuss issues of interest and concern regarding the EBRDâs policies and investment projects.
The Programme also featured multi-stakeholder roundtable sessions on key strategic themes related to the role of civil society as an important actor in transition and development processes. Special features of the Civil Society Programme 2016 were discussions on:
â¢25 years of Transition - The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
â¢Engaging civil society to promote transparent procurement
â¢EBRDâs Strategy for the Promotion of Gender Equality (2016-2020): the role of civil society
â¢Inclusion through skills and innovatiom
In addition, a panel organised by the youth organisation AIESEC looked at the role of youth in shaping the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
25 years of Transition: The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
A fire-side chat with Sergei Guriev, Professor of Economics, Sciences Po (incoming EBRD Chief Economist)
Civil society, operating in the space between public and private sectors, has played an important role in socio-political and economic transition processes around the world, including the EBRDâs traditional countries of operations. In 25 years since the establishment of the EBRD, civil societyâs contribution to transition has varied across the post-communist transition region. In some countries, the work of civil society organisations (CSOs) has contributed to more democratic political systems and more open market based economies as a âreputational actorâ performing a âwatchdogâ function and as a generator of âsocial capitalâ necessary to sustain the change process through the difficult early years. In other countries, the focus of CSOs has been on providing a variety of social services particularly to disadvantaged and vulnerable people negatively affected by the transition process. Many civil society actors have been operating in restrictive regulatory environments, and have relied heavily on international donor funding.
What has been civil societyâs input into promoting good governance, sustainable development and economic inclusion in EBRDâs traditional region over the past few decades? What are the key lessons learned, from both its successes and failures that can be applied to other countries embarking on a transition process? What steps could be taken to increase the role of civil society in promoting positive changes in societies and economies?
The discussion looked back at the key achievements and setbacks of the civil society sector in contributing to transition since the Bankâs establishment. It also reflected upon the challenges ahead for civil society in building well-governed, sustainable and inclusive economies and societies.
The Civil Society Programme took place on Wednesday 11 May and Thursday 12 May and provided an opportunity for dialogue between civil society and EBRD staff, senior management, the President and Board Directors. It was an occasion for civil society stakeholders to learn more about the Bank and discuss issues of interest and concern regarding the EBRDâs policies and investment projects.
The Programme also featured multi-stakeholder roundtable sessions on key strategic themes related to the role of civil society as an important actor in transition and development processes. Special features of the Civil Society Programme 2016 were discussions on:
â¢25 years of Transition - The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
â¢Engaging civil society to promote transparent procurement
â¢EBRDâs Strategy for the Promotion of Gender Equality (2016-2020): the role of civil society
â¢Inclusion through skills and innovatiom
In addition, a panel organised by the youth organisation AIESEC looked at the role of youth in shaping the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
25 years of Transition: The Role of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia
A fire-side chat with Sergei Guriev, Professor of Economics, Sciences Po (incoming EBRD Chief Economist)
Civil society, operating in the space between public and private sectors, has played an important role in socio-political and economic transition processes around the world, including the EBRDâs traditional countries of operations. In 25 years since the establishment of the EBRD, civil societyâs contribution to transition has varied across the post-communist transition region. In some countries, the work of civil society organisations (CSOs) has contributed to more democratic political systems and more open market based economies as a âreputational actorâ performing a âwatchdogâ function and as a generator of âsocial capitalâ necessary to sustain the chan