DREAMER-FTY Gallery
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I had a difficult time selecting the images this year, for whatever reason. But it's done now and this week's image is a tych-collage of the pages as I have them prepared to upload to the printing service.
This is an image of the first hole at Stewart Creek Golf Course in Canmore, Alberta - one of Canada's top-ranked courses. I posted this image on my Flickr photostream only to allow me to access Flickr printing services, and I did not link the image to Albums or Groups, or add tags .After my printing needs were met, I intended to delete the image. Nonetheless, a goodly number of kind viewers have 'faved' the image (there must be a lot of golfers on Flickr), so I have decided to leave it on my Photostream. Thanks, everyone, and may you "hit them straight and long."
This is an image of the first hole at Stewart Creek Golf Course in Canmore, Alberta - one of Canada's top-ranked courses. I posted this image on my Flickr photostream only to allow me to access Flickr printing services, and I did not link the image to Albums or Groups, or add tags. After my printing needs were met, I intended to delete the image. Nonetheless, a goodly number of kind viewers have 'faved' the image (there must be a lot of golfers on Flickr), so I have decided to leave it on my Photostream. Thanks, everyone, and may you "hit them straight and long."
Great Smoky Mountains NP (TN)
More exciting announcements! I am going to have another photography gallery! It's been a year and a half since my last one. Starting July 2nd, 10 of my photos will be hung in the Industrious coworking space (where I temporarily work) on the 5th floor of 25 W Main St in Madison, WI. This one will have a sun theme - all photos either have the sun in them or feature the fascinating way it plays with earth's features. A few of them will be brand new photos I have never published (due to laziness, but for the purposes of this announcement we'll call it "exclusivity"). I am particularly excited about this gallery because I meticulously printed each photo by hand in my home with a fancy new photo printer (as opposed to sending them off to a printing service). This way, I was able to do a lot of testing, proofing, and learning to ensure the prints look exactly as I want them. Now, I can call them "fine art" prints and I am pretty proud of the results.
Naturally, this photo will be included. Rivers are the lifeblood of the Great Smoky Mountains and I found them to be beautiful, soothing, inspiring, and fascinating photography subjects. Precious nutrients are transferred from the sky, to the mountaintops, and flow down toward the life at the bottom, resulting in a very active and lush environment. There are over 10,000 types of plants and animals here that depend on clean water one way or another. It was humbling to watch the water rush by and think about where it came from and where it is going.
See more photos, find social media links, and support me and get digital wallpapers and prints at www.brentgoesoutside.com
Captured: October 2017
Camera: Nikon D610
Lens: Nikon 16-35 f/4
Settings: ISO640, 18mm, f/11, 0.6 sec
This is an image of the first hole at Stewart Creek Golf Course in Canmore, Alberta - one of Canada's top-ranked courses. I posted this image on my Flickr photostream only to allow me to access Flickr printing services, and I did not link the image to Albums or Groups, or add tags. After my printing needs were met, I intended to delete the image. Nonetheless, a goodly number of kind viewers have 'faved' the image (there must be a lot of golfers on Flickr), so I have decided to leave it on my Photostream. Thanks, everyone, and may you "hit them straight and long."
[AUCTION HAD ENDED. Thank you very much sugarsweets13 and rogvon!
As you know, the earthquake & tsunami in northeastern Japan have been catastrophic. There's not much that I can do at the moment, but here is my contribution to this group:
www.flickr.com/groups/charityprintauctions
I'm auctioning a 20" x 16" print of this image. I will use the digital printing services at Meridianpro.com, using their Kodak Endura Metallic paper. If you know an online digital printing firm that you would prefer for one reason or another, please let me know and we can talk, especially if you are from outside the US, as it might help in minimizing the shipping cost. If you are the winning bidder, then you should follow the payment instructions given by Andy in the discussion thread here:
Then post a screengrab of your Red Cross donation receipt into the comments on this picture, or email it to me.
WANT TO BID - BUT YOU DON'T HAVE A FLICKR ACCOUNT?
Please just email me with a bid and I will place the bid in the comments on your behalf: rawheadz@gmail.com
I will then print and post the image to you, all printing and postage costs will be covered by me so all the money donated will go straight to the red cross.
CURRENT BID $250US. Please post your highest bid in the comments below. The auction will end on Monday, March 21st, midnight EDT (4AM, Mar 22nd, GMT).
I chose this image because I think it's one of the best I've taken, and I think it conveys a sense of hope amidst uncertainty. However, if you see anything else in my photo stream that you like better, the winning bidder may choose whichever one s/he likes. Here are some of my most popular shots on Flickriver.
Unlike my usual uploads (capped at 1024px^2), I'm uploading this at 1600px so that you may have a good idea of the exact image you will be getting. Please hit "L" to see in the LIghtBox and/or see it in its original size.
◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆
東北関東大震災募金オークションです。
www.flickr.com/groups/charityprintauctions
このグループの主旨に則っています。この写真の20インチ×16インチサイズのプリントをオークションします。写真はここのデジタルプリント・サービスを利用する予定です。例えば日本国内でサービスが提供されているデジタルプリントをご希望の場合はご連絡ください。入札はコメント欄にお願いします。開始価格は$50USです。オークション終了はアメリカ東部時間で３月21日深夜零時（JST、３月22日午後１時）です。
最高額を入札された落札者の方は
ここにある方法（あるいは同等の方法）で東北関東大震災基金のチャリティに募金し、その証明となる画面キャプチャ等をコメント欄に貼るか、私にメールしてください。その後、プリントした写真をこちらからお送りします。プリント代、送料等はすべて私が負担します。
フォトストリームの中に他にお気に入りの写真がありましたら、プリントする写真を変えることもできます。
www.flickriver.com/photos/rawhead/popular-interesting/
Thanks to everybody for supporting the cause. Please join my group Pray for Japan to post photos to show your support.
Shameless self promotion!
Recently iprintfromhome.com did a neat little interview with me. Read about it here. Nice folks there. I certainly recommend their printing services. Give them a shot next time you need something printed. I recently got one of this shot on lustre, and it is fantastic.
-------------------------------------------------------
I decided at the very last minute (at 4:00 this morning) to head south to the Point Judith Lighthouse in Narragansett, Rhode Island (rather than going north to Maine, like I had originally planned this day), and was treated to a beautiful sunrise.
Explored to No. 5. Thanks so much, everyone, for your kind comments and encouragement.
A view of the entrance hall of the Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Mosque in Abu Dhabi. Named after the founder and first president of the UAE, the mosque is also known as the Sheikh Zayed Mosque or Grand Mosque and is the largest mosque in the UAE.
Officially opened in 2007, it can accomodate for up to 40,000 worshippers and holds a few world records such as the largest carpet (5,627m2 / 60,570 sq ft), the largest chandelier, (10m in diameter and 15m height), or the biggest number of domes (57 domes).
Mostly made of white marble and was decorated using various materials such as marble, stone, gold, semi-precious stones, crystals and ceramics, the Sheikh Zayed Mosque is possibly the most imposing religious and national landmark in Abu Dhabi, as well as one of the most important, and beautiful, architectural treasures of the UAE.
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Bad reference to the flu pandemic, I know...
Filters used: Hoya Circular Polarizer + Cokin gradient ND P121S
Also applied a texture to it, something I hadn't done in quite some time.
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Another try at that 'super black' technique... Not as dark is it probably should be though but this is as far as I was willing to go for this picture.
Filters used: Hoya R72 IR Infrared filter
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Explore #117, on May 20th 2009. Thanks all!
Was going to post something on my birthday (June 8th) but then decided that going out celebrating was a better option... However, it is my mum's birthday today so - Happy Birthday mum!
Now, after having Andy bragging on about how amazing lab mode is in PS I decided to play around with it myself. Think I recovered quite some colours and details from the scene without being destructive but I'm still not totally satisfied with it...
So any opinions/criticism would be most welcome!
Filters used: Circular Polarizer, Cokin GND P121S
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Filters used: Hoya Circular Polarizer + Cokin gradient ND P121S
Got back to Luxembourg yesterday to see family and friends down here, this evening however I decided to take some pictures. Now thinking of going back out in an hour to do some star trails [current time 3am].
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I'm off here and there for a few days, back on Sept 1st. Have a good time everyone!
Explore #208, on August 13th 2009. Thanks all!
Taken during a shooting session around London at night with the University of Surrey's Photosoc. Was great fun guys, hope to do another session somewhere some time soon!
This is pretty much as shot, apart for a few minor adjustments.
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Transavia promote Cheerz, a photo printing service, with a special livery featuring passengers holiday photos on the tail.
© All rights reserved. May not be used for any purpose without the explicit written consent of the copyright holder.
I know it doesn't look it, but it was almost dark and I didn't have a tripod. The only way I could get a clear enough shot was by having the aperture wide open... even then this was a one second shot. It looks crap and I don't know what to do about it. I should have gone back the next day but didn't have time. If anyone has any idea on how this could be improved upon, please let me know.
This is the famous "Wedding Card Street" in Wan Chai, Hong Kong. It used to be full of shops offering wedding card printing services and all sorts of other wedding stuff. There were a few pretty good eateries there too. It was such a thriving part of town. But now the whole street is closed for redevelopment. Businesses and residents were forced to move. If you walk there at night there is only darkness. It is just really sad. All this will be gone soon.
If you would like to see more of this amazing street, please check out Captainvideo's great new series.
Yashica Mat 124G, Ilford Delta 400
Filters used: Circular Polarizer + Cokin gradient ND P121S
For a larger version:
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On 3 September 2016, we had a fungi morning, which was quite rewarding and definitely fun. Our leader and friend, Karel, is very knowledgeable about fungi and he took 14 of us (plus Karel's two beautiful Beagles) on a foray to West Bragg Creek, maybe an hour's drive west of the city. We had been here a few times over the years, either looking for fungi or on botany outings.
Photographing our findings usually means that I am way at the back of the group or have fallen back with a friend or two. Consequently, the mushrooms have often already been plucked/cut by the time we catch up to the rest of the participants. I also miss a lot of what is being said about IDs and details. It would take far too long to write down the name of each find - each photo taken would have to be carefully numbered so that the right name could be attached and this would be such a hassle when out with a group. Since this outing, Karel has sent an email containing several photos along with IDs. The rest of my photos will have to be just nameless 'pretty pictures' : ) I must add here that any fungi IDs that I give are always tentative, as I know so little about fungi. Another thing to add is that I never, ever pick and eat wild mushrooms!! Too many look similar, some edible, others poisonous. If you are not a fungi expert, never take the risk of eating any of them.
I met up with friend, Sandy, at 8:15 am and she drove us out to the meeting place. My drive from home was done with my windshield wipers on my new car working non-stop - was it raining? No, it had rained the day before - hail, too, on my gleaming new vehicle that I had only had for five days! I needed to clean the windshield, but, once again, I couldn't for the life of me figure out how to turn the wipers off. Amazes me how complicated the wiper options are!
Our morning walk started off by going across the small bridge not far from the parking lot, then part way up the hill and then bush-whacking our way through the forest. This walk, which ended around lunch time, was the main one, but we did stop at a small, gravel parking area a few minutes along the main road, to do a second walk to check for any different mushrooms. This extra walk has yielded a few beauties in past years. Perhaps the most interesting find was a very small twig that had several tiny, turquoise coloured fungi cups on it. The colour looks so out of place in a natural area. My photos of them did not turn out very well, but I did eventually post one of them, just for the very unusual colour.
From here, a few of us stopped at the Cinnamon Spoon cafe in Bragg Creek for lunch. Always a most enjoyable way to finish any outing. Before we climbed into the car for our return drive to Calgary, Sandy and I wandered into the beautiful Art Gallery, owned and run by Bob and Candy Cook. Named Branded Visuals Inc.(Printing Services/Wildlife Gallery), this small store is overflowing with Bob's absolutely amazing photographic works of art. Thanks so much, Bob and Candy, for remembering our chance meeting a number of years ago, down in Fish Creek Park, and for your overly generous words about my own photography.
www.brandedvisuals.com/index.html
Thanks so much, Karel, for giving us a great morning! We really appreciate your passing on your knowledge to us. The same thanks go to Suzanne, the mushroom specialist in Calgary. Sandy, really appreciated the ride there and back!
Filters used: 3-stop ND (and 2-stop ND - if I remember correctly)
Bit annoyed by the flare next to the lighthouse but decided to leave it.
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Reflect your ideas in an informative and inspirational manner and stand out from the crowd.
#Contact: Sathiya Ramanan - 9600919690
A few more odds and ends from my archives, I am adding the description that I wrote under a different image taken on the same visit. Will be without my car for another several weeks minimum (sigh!), so will be posting images from my archives for quite a while.
"This is the Labour Day long weekend and it is very overcast and only 6C , forecast to soar to 13C this afternoon. Chilly! Rain in our forecast for the next four days. Labour Day in Canada is celebrated on the first Monday of September and it is a federal statutory holiday. It is also observed in the United States on the same day.
Yesterday, 3 September 2016, was a fungi day, quite rewarding and definitely fun. Our leader and friend, Karel, is very knowledgeable about fungi and yesterday he took 14 of us (plus Karel's two beautiful Beagles) on a foray to West Bragg Creek, maybe an hour's drive west of the city. We had been here a few times before over the years, either looking for fungi or on botany outings.
Photographing our findings usually means that I am way at the back of the group or have fallen back with a friend or two. Consequently, the mushrooms have often already been plucked/cut by the time we catch up to the rest of the participants. I also miss a lot of what is being said about IDs and details. It would take far too long to write down the name of each find - each photo taken would have to be carefully numbered so that the right name could be attached and this would be such a hassle when out with a group. I'm really hoping that Karel will eventually send out an email with photos and IDs. If not, or till then, my photos will have to be just nameless 'pretty pictures' : ) If you look closely, you can see all the very thin 'threads' that are joining the stem (stipe) with the shiny cap. This mass of threads is called a veil. Not sure if this is Cortinarius mucosus, commonly known as the orange webcap or the slimy cortinarius. It does have the cobweb-like annulus that protects the developing gills.
I met up with friend, Sandy, at 8:15 am and she drove out to the meeting place. My drive from home was done with my windshield wipers on my new car working non-stop - was it raining? No, it had rained the day before - hail, too, on my gleaming new vehicle that I had only had for five days! I needed to clean the windshield, but, once again, I couldn't for the life of me figure out how to turn the wipers off. Amazes me how complicated the wiper options are!
Our morning walk started off by going across the small bridge, then part way up the hill and then bush-whacking our way through the forest. This walk, which ended around lunch time, was the main one, but we did stop at a small, gravel parking area a few minutes along the main road, to do a second walk to check for any different mushrooms. This extra walk has yielded a few beauties in past years. Perhaps the most interesting find was a very small twig that had several tiny, turquoise coloured fungi cups on it. The colour looks so out of place in a natural area. My photos of them didn't turn out very well, but I will eventually post one of them.
From here, a few of us stopped at the Cinnamon Spoon cafe in Bragg Creek for lunch. Always a most enjoyable way to finish any outing. Before we climbed into the car for our return drive to Calgary, Sandy and I wandered into the beautiful Art Gallery, owned and run by Bob and Candy Cook. Named Branded Visuals Inc.(Printing Services/Wildlife Gallery), this small store is overflowing with Bob's absolutely amazing photographic works of art. Thanks so much, Bob and Candy, for remembering our chance meeting quite a few years ago, down in Fish Creek Park, and for your overly generous words about my own photography.
www.brandedvisuals.com/index.html
Thanks so much, Karel, for giving us a great morning! We really appreciate your passing on your knowledge to us. The same thanks go to Suzanne, the mushroom specialist in Calgary. Sandy, really appreciate the ride there and back!"
Many times that I post a photo of a mushroom or other fungus, the ID is always tentative. I am guessing that this very tiny, turquoise fungus is Blue Stain / Chlorociboria aeruginascens. I have only ever seen these tiny mushrooms maybe three times, though I have seen just the blue stain on wood more often. I will add a better, previously posted photo, taken a few years ago, in a comment box below. If my ID is correct, then the following information applies.
"The stained wood is more frequently encountered, but the tiny mushrooms are seldom seen. Saprobic (i.e.mushrooms that are saprobes survive by decomposing dead or decaying organic material) on well decayed, barkless hardwood logs and sticks (especially those of oaks; "green oak" is valuable lumber); evident as green-stained wood year-round, but the fruiting bodies typically appearing in summer and fall; widely distributed in North America. The fruiting body is cup-shaped at first, becoming flattened or disc-shaped; up to 1 cm across; with a tiny stem that may be central or somewhat off-center; smooth or slightly wrinkled; uniformly blue-green."
www.mushroomexpert.com/chlorociboria_aeruginascens.html
On 3 September 2016, we had a fungi morning, which was quite rewarding and definitely fun. Our leader and friend, Karel, is very knowledgeable about fungi and he took 14 of us (plus Karel's two beautiful Beagles) on a foray to West Bragg Creek, maybe an hour's drive west of the city. We had been here a few times over the years, either looking for fungi or on botany outings.
Photographing our findings usually means that I am way at the back of the group or have fallen back with a friend or two. Consequently, the mushrooms have often already been plucked/cut by the time we catch up to the rest of the participants. I also miss a lot of what is being said about IDs and details. It would take far too long to write down the name of each find - each photo taken would have to be carefully numbered so that the right name could be attached and this would be such a hassle when out with a group. Since this outing, Karel has sent an email containing several photos along with IDs. The rest of my photos will have to be just nameless 'pretty pictures' : ) I must add here that any IDs that I give are always tentative, as I know so little about fungi. Another thing to add is that I never, ever pick and eat wild mushrooms!! Too many look similar, some edible, others poisonous. If you are not a fungi expert, never take the risk of eating any of them.
I met up with friend, Sandy, at 8:15 am and she drove us out to the meeting place. My drive from home was done with my windshield wipers on my new car working non-stop - was it raining? No, it had rained the day before - hail, too, on my gleaming new vehicle that I had only had for five days! I needed to clean the windshield, but, once again, I couldn't for the life of me figure out how to turn the wipers off. Amazes me how complicated the wiper options are!
Our morning walk started off by going across the small bridge not far from the parking lot, then part way up the hill and then bush-whacking our way through the forest. This walk, which ended around lunch time, was the main one, but we did stop at a small, gravel parking area a few minutes along the main road, to do a second walk to check for any different mushrooms. This extra walk has yielded a few beauties in past years. Perhaps the most interesting find was a very small twig that had several tiny, turquoise coloured fungi cups on it. The colour looks so out of place in a natural area. My photos of them did not turn out very well, but I will eventually post one of them, just for the very unusual colour.
From here, a few of us stopped at the Cinnamon Spoon cafe in Bragg Creek for lunch. Always a most enjoyable way to finish any outing. Before we climbed into the car for our return drive to Calgary, Sandy and I wandered into the beautiful Art Gallery, owned and run by Bob and Candy Cook. Named Branded Visuals Inc.(Printing Services/Wildlife Gallery), this small store is overflowing with Bob's absolutely amazing photographic works of art. Thanks so much, Bob and Candy, for remembering our chance meeting a number of years ago, down in Fish Creek Park, and for your overly generous words about my own photography.
www.brandedvisuals.com/index.html
Thanks so much, Karel, for giving us a great morning! We really appreciate your passing on your knowledge to us. The same thanks go to Suzanne, the mushroom specialist in Calgary. Sandy, really appreciate the ride there and back!
Wikipedia,
Sintra
Municipality
UNESCO
Clockwise: Pena National Palace; Azenhas do Mar; Quinta da Regaleira; Seteais Palace; Praia da Ursa; Monserrate Palace.
Flag of Sintra
Flag
Coat of arms of Sintra
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 38°47′57″N 9°23′18″W
Country Portugal
RegionLisbon
Metropolitan areaLisbon
DistrictLisbon
Parishes11 (list)
Government
• PresidentBasílio Horta (PS)
Area
• Total
319.23 km2 (123.26 sq mi)
Elevation175 m (574 ft)
Lowest elevation0 m (0 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total
377,835
• Density1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+00:00 (WET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (WEST)
Postal code
2714
Area code219
PatronSão Pedro
Websitehttp://www.cm-sintra.pt
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official nameCultural Landscape of Sintra
CriteriaCultural: ii, iv, v
Reference723
Inscription1995 (19th Session)
Area946 ha
Sintra (/ˈsɪntrə, ˈsiːntrə/,[1][2][3] Portuguese: [ˈsĩtɾɐ] ⓘ) is a town and municipality in the Greater Lisbon region of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The population of the municipality in 2021 was 385,654,[4] in an area of 319.23 square kilometres (123.26 sq mi).[5] Sintra is one of the most urbanized and densely populated municipalities of Portugal. A major tourist destination famed for its picturesqueness, the municipality has several historic palaces, castles, scenic beaches, parks and gardens.
The area includes the Sintra-Cascais Nature Park through which the Sintra Mountains run. The historic center of the Vila de Sintra is famous for its 19th-century Romanticist architecture, historic estates and villas, gardens, and royal palaces and castles, which resulted in the classification of the town as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Sintra's landmarks include the medieval Castle of the Moors, the romanticist Pena National Palace and the Portuguese Renaissance Sintra National Palace.
Sintra is one of the wealthiest municipalities in both Portugal and the Iberian Peninsula as a whole.[6][7][8][9] It is home to one of the largest foreign expatriate communities along the Portuguese Riviera,[10][11][12][13][14] and consistently ranks as one of the best places to live in Portugal.[15][16] The ECB Forum on Central Banking, an annual event organised by the European Central Bank, is held in Sintra.[17]
History
Prehistory to Moorish era
Anta de Adrenunes.
Anta do Monte Abraão.
The earliest remnants of human occupation were discovered in Penha Verde: these vestiges testify to an occupation dating to the early Paleolithic.[18] Comparable remnants were discovered in an open-air site in São Pedro de Canaferrim, alongside the chapel of the Castelo dos Mouros (Moorish Castle), dating back to the Neolithic, and include decorated ceramics and microlithic flint utensils from the 5th millennium BC.[19]
Ceramic fragments found locally including many late Chalcolithic vases from the Sintra mountains suggest that between the fourth and third millennia B.C. the region (adjacent to the present village of Sintra) was occupied by a Neolithic/Chalcolithic settlement, with characteristics comparable to fortified settlements in Lisbon and Setúbal.[18] The evidence discovered in Quinta das Sequoias and São Pedro de Canaferrim contrasts dramatically with those remnants discovered in the walled town of Penha Verde and the funerary monument of Bella Vista.[18] Traces of several Bronze Age remains were also discovered in many places in the Sintra Mountains, including alongside the town, in the Monte do Sereno area, and a late Bronze Age settlement within the Moorish Castle dating to the 9th–6th centuries B.C.
The most famous object from this period is the so-called Sintra Collar, a middle Bronze Age gold neck-ring found near the city at the end of the 19th century, which since 1900 has been part of the British Museum's collection. Relatively close by, in Santa Eufémia da Serra, is an Iron Age settlement where artifacts from indigenous tribes and peoples of Mediterranean origins (principally from the Punic period) were also discovered.[18]
These date from the early 4th century B.C., prior to the Romanization of the peninsula, which in the area of Foz do Tejo took place in the middle of the 2nd century B.C.[18] Close proximity to a large commercial centre (Olisipo) founded by the Turduli Oppidani people in the first half of the first millennium B.C., meant that the region of Sintra was influenced by human settlement throughout various epochs, cultures that have left remains in the area to this day. The toponym Sintra derives from the medieval Suntria, and points to an association with radical Indo-European cultures; the word translates as 'bright star' or 'sun', commonly significant in those cultures.[18] Marcus Terentius Varro and Cadizian Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella designated the place "the sacred mountain" and Ptolemy referred to it as the "mountains of the moon".[18]
Part of the Roman Dam of Belas complex, showing the ventilation structures (foreground) and the remaining dam segment (background).
During the Roman occupation of the peninsula, the region of Sintra was part of the vast Civitas Olisiponense which Caesar (around 49 B.C.) or more likely Octavius (around 30 B.C.) granted the status of Municipium Civium Romanorum. The various residents of the region were considered part of the Roman Galeria and in the present village of Sintra there are Roman remains testifying to a Roman presence from the 1st–2nd centuries B.C. to the 5th century A.D. A roadway along the southeast part of the Sintra Mountains and connected to the main road to Olisipo dates from this period.[18]
Roman Bridge of Catribana.
This via followed the route of the current Rua da Ferraria, the Calçada dos Clérigos and the Calçada da Trindade.[18] Following the Roman custom of siting tombs along their roads and near their homes, there is also evidence of inscriptions pertaining to Roman funeral monuments, dating mainly to the 2nd century. The area around the modern town of Sintra, due to its proximity to Olisipo, the ancient name of Lisbon, was always profoundly interconnected with the major settlement, to the point that the Fountain of Armés, a 1st-century fountain in the village of Armés, Terrugem, in Sintra, has been built by Lucius Iulius Maelo Caudicus, an Olisipo flamen, to honour the Roman Emperor Augustus.
The Castle of the Moors, on the hilltops of Sintra
It was during the Moorish occupation of Sintra (Arabic: Xintara) that Greco-Latin writers wrote of the explicit occupation of the area of the town centre. A description by the geographer Al-Bacr, described Sintra as "one of the towns that [are] dependent on Lisbon in Al-Andalus, in proximity to the sea", characterizing it as "permanently submersed in a fog that never dissipates".[18]
During the Reconquista (around the 9th century), its principal centre and castle were isolated by Christian armies. Following the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba, the King of León, Alfonso VI received in the spring of 1093, the cities of Santarém, Lisbon and the Castle of Sintra.[18] This followed a period of internal instability within the Muslim taifas of the peninsula, and in particular the decision by the ruler of Taifa of Badajoz, Umar ibn Muhammad al-Mutawakkil who, after hesitating from 1090 to 1091, placed his territory under the suzerainty of Alfonso VI when faced with the threat of the Almoravids. Afonso took the cities and the castle of Sintra between 30 April and 8 May 1093, but shortly after their transfer Sintra and Lisbon were conquered by the Almoravids.[18] Santarém was saved by Henry, who Alfonso had nominated Count of Portugal in 1096, to replace Raymond of Burgundy.[18]
Kingdom
The remnants of the chapel of São Pedro de Canaferrim, constructed by Afonso Henriques following the surrender of Moors in Sintra
In July 1109, Count Henry reconquered the Castle of Sintra.[18] This was preceded a year before by an attempt by Prince Sigurd the Crusader, son of Magnus III of Norway, to capture the castle from the Moors in the course of his trek to the Holy Land. Sigurd's forces disembarked at the mouth of the Colares River but failed to take the castle. But it was only after the conquest of Lisbon, in October 1147, by Afonso Henriques (supported by Crusaders), that the castle surrendered definitively to the Christians, in November.[18] It was integrated into Christian dominions along with Almada and Palmela after their surrender. Afonso Henriques established the Church of São Pedro de Canaferrim within the walls of the Moorish Castle to mark his success.[18]
The municipal building of Sintra, constructed after 1154 to house the local administration
On 9 January 1154, Afonso Henriques signed a foral ("charter") for the town of Sintra, with all its respective regalia. The charter established the municipality of Sintra, whose territory encompassed a large area, eventually divided into four great parishes: São Pedro de Canaferrim (in the castle), São Martinho (in the town of Sintra), Santa Maria and São Miguel (in the ecclesiastical seat of Arrabalde).[18] The early municipal seat, the town of Sintra, was the centre of a significant Sephardic community, with a synagogue and quarter. This community was not limited to Sintra town: enclaves are mentioned during the reign of King Denis in Colares, but were heavily pressured by the influx of Christian serfs.[18] Throughout the 12th and 13th centuries, owing to the fertility of the land, various convents, monasteries and military orders constructed residences, estates, water-mills and vineyards. There are municipal records from this period of a number of donations and grants; between 1157 and 1158, Afonso Henriques donated to the master of the Knights Templar, Gualdim Pais, various houses and estates in the centre of Sintra.[18]
In 1210, the Monastery of Santa Cruz in Coimbra acquired four houses in Pocilgais, releasing them in 1230, while in 1264 it controlled homes and vineyards in Almargem.[18] In 1216 the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora (Lisbon) also held a vineyard in Colares and, in 1218, estates in Queluz and Barota. At some time between 1223 and 1245, the Monastery of Santa Maria de Alcobaça held various privileges in the territory. The military Order of Santiago owned an estate in Arrifana in 1260.[18] Many of Afonso Henriques' donations in the 12th century, including privileges assigned to these institutions, were confirmed in 1189 by his son, Sancho I (1185–1211), corresponding to a social, political and economic strategy during the post-Reconquista era.[18] Consequently, after 1261, Sintra had a local administration consisting of an alcalde representing the Crown, and two local judges elected by the public. During the political conflict between King Sancho II (1223–1248) and the Church, the churches of São Pedro and São Martinho, which belonged to the King, were ceded to the Bishop of Lisbon and Sé.[18] Yet the Crown's patrimony was defined early: in 1287, King Denis donated to Queen Elizabeth of Portugal the town, the signeurial holdings and all their associated benefits. Later, these lands were transferred to the young Infante Afonso (later King Afonso IV), and remained in his possession until 1334, before reverting to the ownership of the queen (Portuguese: Casa da Rainha).[18]
The Black Death arrived in Sintra in the 14th century; in 1350, the disease is known to have caused the death of five municipal scribes. Far greater numbers of deaths probably resulted, perhaps owing to the cool climate and humidity, conditions that favoured the rapid spread of the disease.[18]
The Palace of Sintra, for a long time the residence of royal family during the summer
During the reign of King Ferdinand (1367–1383), Sintra played a part in the controversial marriage of the monarch to Dona Leonor Telles de Menezes. In 1374, the King donated Sintra to the Lady Telles, whom he eventually married in secret in the north of the country.[18] Along with Sintra the King conceded the municipalities of Vila Viçosa, Abrantes and Almada, to the consternation of his private council; following a confrontation the King abandoned his duties and travelled to Sintra, where he remained for a month on the pretext of hunting.[18] As Sintra was located relatively close to Lisbon, many of its people were called to work on projects for the Crown in the capital: in 1373, King Ferdinand decided to wall the city, and requested funds or workers from coastal lands in Almada, Sesimbra, Palmela, Setúbal, Coina, Benavente and Samora Correia, as well as all of Ribatejo, and from the inland areas of Sintra, Cascais, Torres Vedras, Alenquer, Arruda, Atouguia, Lourinhã, Telheiros and Mafra. During the Dynastic Crisis between 1383 and 1385, Sintra joined Leonor Telles in supporting the proclamation of her daughter, Beatrice, who married John I of Castile, as Queen of Portugal and Castile. After the defeat of the Castilian army at Aljubarrota (August 1385) by Portuguese and English troops, commanded by Nuno Álvares Pereira, Sintra became one of the last places to surrender to the Master of Aviz, later King of Portugal (after 1383).
Joanine and Philippine era
John I (1385–1433), first King of the second dynasty, broke the tradition of transferring Sintra to the Casa da Rainha (Queen's property). Probably around 1383, John I granted the lands of Sintra to Count Henrique Manuel de Vilhena, quickly revoking the decision after Henrique took the Infanta's side during the dynastic quarrel. Sintra, therefore, continued as a possession of the King, who expanded the local estate. Until the end of the 17th century, the royal palace constituted one of the principal residences and summer estates of the court: it was from here that John decided to conquer Ceuta (1415); King Afonso V was born and died at the palace (1433–1481); and here King John II (1481–1495) was acclaimed sovereign.[18]
In a document issued in 1435 by King Edward (1433–1438), the region was described as: "A land of good air and water and of the Comarcas with an abundance in the sea and land [...] our most loyal city of Lisbon being so near, and being in it sufficient diversions, and the distractions of the mountains and hunting...".[18]
During the Portuguese Age of Discovery, several people born in Sintra were written into history. In 1443 Gonçalo de Sintra, squire in the House of the Infante Henry, was sent by the prince as captain of a caravel to the coast of Africa. He explored the region near the Ouro River and eventually died there in 1444.[18] Pedro de Sintra and Soeiro da Costa later mapped most of the Atlantic coast of Africa, around the time of Henry's death in 1460.[18]
At the end of the 15th century the importance of Sintra on official itineraries led Queen Eleanor of Viseu (wife of King John II), then principal benefactor of the Portuguese Misericóridas, to expand her principal institutions in Sintra.[18] The Hospital e Gafaria do Espírito Santo, the only remnant of which left standing is a chapel to São Lázaro, was constructed to provide assistance and support to lepers in the region (the chapel still includes the signets of King John, the pelican, and Queen Leonor, the shrimp). In 1545, the hospital was transferred to the administration of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia of Sintra which was set up by Queen Catherine of Austria, wife of John III.
King Manuel I (1495–1521) enjoyed spending his summers in Sintra, due to its cool climate and abundance of game; as Damião de Góis, his chronicler noted: "because it is one of the places in Europe that is cooler, and cheerful for whichever King, Prince or Master to pass their time, because, in addition to its good airs, that cross its mountains, called by the older peoples the promontory of the moon, there is here much hunting of deer and other animals, and overall many and many good trout of many type, and in which in all of Hispania there can be found, and many springs of water...".[18] Between the 15th and 16th century, after travelling to the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon when being considered as heir to the Kingdoms in 1498, the King transformed and enriched the town and its region with several public works. These included the reconstruction of the old Gothic Church of São Martinho and in 1511 the construction of the Monastery of Nossa Senhora da Pena on the highest peak of the Sintra Mountains, which he then transferred to the Order of Saint Jerome. In the second half of the 16th century, Sintra was a centre for courtesans and members of the aristocracy began building estates and farms within the region.[18] In this rural environment, from 1542, the Viceroy of India, D. João de Castro (1500–1548) began residing at Quinta da Penha Verde, where he collected examples of Portuguese culture of the time, including works by celebrated artist Francisco de Holanda.[18] It was during this cultural Renaissance that the marble chancel sculpted between 1529 and 1532 by Nicolau Chanterene for the chapel of the Monastery of Nossa Senhora da Pena was completed, as was the portico of the Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição da Ulgueira (1560).[18]
The Convent of the Capuchos, the monastic retreat established during the primordial history of the municipality (16th century)
Luís de Camões (1524–1580) referred to the mountains of Sintra in his Os Lusíadas chronicle, as a mythic land ruled by water nymphs. The Renaissance poet Luisa Sigea—Syntrae Aloisiae Sygeae in Paris (1566) and Madrid (1781) referred to Sintra as a "pleasant valley, between cliffs that rise into the heavens...curved in graceful hills among which one can feel the murmur of the waters...[where] everything, in fact, will enchant and perfume the environment with its fragrance and fruit."[18]
With the death of the Cardinal-King Henry (1578–1580), Philip II of Spain inherited the Kingdom of Portugal, initiating a personal union of the crowns that would last until 1640. During this period, Portuguese political power moved from Sintra to Vila Viçosa, principal centre of the House of Braganza, whose dukes, descendants of John of Portugal, were heirs to the throne of Portugal. Following the decision of the Cortes of Tomar in 1581, Phillip as King of Portugal accepted an administration composed of the Portuguese aristocracy. He passed through Sintra around October 1581, visiting the monasteries and churches.[18] It was during this period that cult of Sebastianism, the hope for the return of King Sebastian, came to an end, when several fake "Sebastians" were denounced.[18] In 1585 Mateus Alvares, born on the island of Terceira in the Azores and guardian of the hermitage of São Julio, passed himself off as King Sebastian and created conflict in Sintra, Madra, Rio de Mouro and Ericeira. The Sebastian adventure ended with the hanging of thirty people and the suffering of many more. It was not surprising, therefore, that the visit in 1619 by King Philip IV of Spain (Philip III of Portugal) resulted in many families escaping to the hills. During this union (1580–1640), Sintra was a privileged place for Portuguese "exiles" from the Castilian court; nobles who wished to distance themselves from Spanish nobility would purchase lands in the region, away from court intrigue.[18] At the time of the Restoration, in 1640, the municipality had approximately 4000 residents.
Brigantine era
Royal Palace of Queluz.
The war with Spain (1640–1668), the affirmation of Mafra during the reign of John V of Portugal (1706–1750) through the construction of the Palace-Convent, and later the construction of Royal Palace of Queluz in 1747 during the reigns of Joseph I (1750–1777) and Maria I (1777–1816), helped diminish royal visits to the region.[18] During this time there were only two documented visits: in 1652 and 1654, respectively the visit of Queen Luísa de Gusmão and King John IV (1640–1656), and the final burial of King Afonso VI.[18]
Ill-fated king Afonso VI imprisoned in the Palace of Sintra, by painter Alfredo Roque Gameiro.
Alleging the insanity of the King and the incapacity of the heir, the Duke of Cadaval and the Infante Peter led a coup d'état in 1667 which resulted in the resignation of the Count of Castelo Melhor, Minister of King Afonso VI (1656–1683) and the imprisonment of the monarch.[18] In 1668 the Cortes of Lisbon confirmed the Infante Peter, the king's brother, as regent and heir. Afonso VI lived the rest of his life imprisoned, in the Paço da Ribeira (1667–1669), in the Fortress of Saint John the Baptist in Angra, in the Azores (1669–1674) and in the end, with the discovery of a conspiracy to kill the regent, in the Paço da Vila in Sintra (1674–1683).[18]
From the 17th to the 18th centuries, the region was centre of contemplative religious orders who established convents in Sintra. But it remained a place of myths, with a large, mysterious forest and macabre, gloomy spaces. Father Baião, in his Portugal Cuidadoso (1724) noted: "Next to the Palace of Sintra was a forest, so thick, that during the day, it cast fear in him who entered it. And [King] D. Sebastian was free from these fears, that he would walk at night, through it, many times for two or three hours."[18] Starting in the second half of the 18th century and lasting through the 19th century Sintra became known as a nostalgic and mysterious location described by many foreigners.
Lord Byron (1788–1824) particularly enjoyed his stay in Sintra that is described in Childe Harold's Pilgrimage as "glorious Eden".
It was the Romantic Lord Byron's "glorious Eden"; Almeida Garrett's "pleasant resort"; Eça de Queirós's "nest of lovers [where, in] the romantic foliage, the nobles abandoned themselves in the hands of the poets"; or the place where Richard Strauss saw a garden "comparable to Italy, Sicily, Greece or Egypt, a true garden of Klingsor, and there in the heights, a castle of the Holy Grail".[18]
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, meanwhile, caused the destruction of the centre of Sintra as well as a number of deaths, resulting in building and restoration in the second half of the 18th century. Also in the 18th century, the first industrial building was established in the town: the Fábrica de Estamparia de Rio de Mouro (Mouro River Stamping Factory) in 1778.
The front façade of Seteais Palace, expanded for the visits of the royal family, by the Marquess of Marialva
The visit of Queen Maria I in 1787 brought about the restoration and redecoration of a few salons and chambers in the municipal buildings. The great festivities of 1795 to celebrate the baptism of the Infante António, son of John VI, resulted in grand balls at the Palace of Queluz. In 1838 the King-Consort, Ferdinand II bought the Monastery of Nossa Senhora da Pena and a vast adjacent area, commissioning the architect José de Costa e Silva to construct an arch joining the two quarters of the Seteais Palace (owned by the Marquis of Marialva), to commemorate the 1802 visit of the Prince and Princess of Brazil, John and Carlota Joaquina, and the subsequent visit of their son, the absolutist King Miguel, in 1830.[18]
The arabesque Monserrate Estate on another hilltop near the town of Sintra
During the third quarter of the 18th century and practically all of the 19th century, foreign travellers and Portuguese aristocrats, fired by Romanticism, rediscovered the magic of Sintra, especially in its exotic landscapes and climate. Their visits led to the establishment of several hotels, one of which, Lawrence's, opened in 1764, was still functioning in 2018. In the summer of 1787, William Beckford stayed with the Marquis of Marialva, master of the horse for the kingdom, at his residence of Seteais. At the beginning of the 19th century Princess Carlota Joaquina, wife of Prince Regent John, bought the estate and Ramalhão Palace. Between 1791 and 1793, Gerard Devisme constructed a Neo-Gothic mansion on his extensive estate in the Quinta de Monserrate (later known as the Monserrate Palace). Beckford, who remained in Sintra, rented the property from Devisme in 1794. The landscape, covered in fog, also attracted another Englishman, Sir Francis Cook, who occupied the estate, constructing an oriental pavilion.[18]
The Pena National Palace: summer residence of the monarchs of Portugal during the 19th century
Quinta da Regaleira, an integral landmark of Sintra's UNESCO Cultural Landscape
The Palace of Pena, Sintra's exemplary Portuguese Romantic symbol, was initiated by the King-Consort Ferdinand, husband of Queen Maria II (1834–1853), a German-born member of the House of Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha. The palace was built over the remains of the 16th-century monastery of the Order of Saint Jerome, conserving many fundamental aspects, including the church, cloister and a few dependencies. The architecture is eclectic, influenced by many architectural styles, evidence of an era of Romanticism.
The intentional mixture of eclectic styles includes the Neo-Gothic, Neo-Manueline, Neo-Islamic, Neo-Renaissance neo-Islamic, and neo-Manueline styles. Much of this has been evident since a major restoration that was completed prior to 1900.[20]
The design was a project of the Baron von Eschwege and Ferdinand II, to substitute the Sintra National Palace as an alternative to the summer residence in Cascais. After Sintra, the monarchs Louis of Portugal (1861–1889) and Carlos of Portugal (1863–1908) ended their summers with visits to Cascais in the months of September and October.
In 1854, the first contract was signed to construct a rail link between Sintra and Lisbon. A decree signed on 26 June 1855 regulated the contract between the government and Count Claranges Lucotte but was later rescinded in 1861. The connection was finally inaugurated on 2 April 1887.
By the beginning of the 20th century, Sintra was recognized as a summer resort visited by aristocrats and millionaires. Among these, Carvalho Monteiro, owner of a considerable fortune (known as "Monteiro dos Milhões") constructed near the main town, on an estate he bought from the Baroness of Regaleira, a luxurious revivalist palacette, based on a Neo-Manueline architecture.
From the second half of the 19th century into the first decades of the 20th century, Sintra also became a privileged place for artists: musicians such as Viana da Mota; composers such as Alfredo Keil, painters like João Cristino da Silva (author of one of the most celebrated canvases of Portuguese Romantic art, "Five Artists in Sintra [pt]"), writers such as Eça de Queirós or Ramalho Ortigão, all these people lived, worked or got inspiration from Sintra's landscapes.[18]
Republic
Part of the historic centre
The proclamation of a Portuguese Republic in 1910 transformed the bohemian climate of Sintra. Economic development was now promoted; the potential benefits to the region of growth in agriculture, industry and commerce were promoted to foster development. In 1908 a wine growing zone had been demarcated in Colares. Now a commission was established to monitor the quality of wines and promote their exportation, and in 1914 a commercial association (Portuguese: Associação Comercial e Industrial de Sintra) was set up to manage their concession. Meanwhile, in the name of secular and popular progress, parts of the cultural heritage were destroyed, including the annexes of the medieval village bordering the palace in 1911, while the nave of the Church of the Misericórdia was reduced to the presbytery to allow the road to be widened. The first decades of the 20th century were the time of the fastest urbanization of the town, supported by its rail link to Lisbon and the influx of summer travellers.
During the 1920s damage to culturally important sites led to the creation of institutions to study and protect the vast artistic heritage. The Instituto Histórico de Sintra (Historic Institute of Sintra), under the direction of Afonso de Ornelas, played an important part in this period.[18] Archaeological studies resulted in considerable development: in 1927, Félix Alves Pereira rediscovered the Neolithic settlements of Santa Eufémia, and the first publication of the discoveries at the prehistoric monuments of Praia das Maçãs were completed in 1929.[18] From this time until the 1970s, coastal Sintra was becoming a summer destination, resulting in the building of Portuguese summer residences.[18] Many important Portuguese architects developed projects in the area in the first half of the 20th century, including Raul Lino, Norte Júnior and Tertuliano de Lacerda Marques.
These projects benefited town and region, increased tourism and attracted as residents many notable Portuguese: historian Francisco Costa; writer Ferreira de Castro; sculptor Anjos Teixeira; architects Norte Júnior and Raul Lino; painters Eduardo Viana, Mily Possoz and Vieira da Silva; poet Oliva Guerra; composer and maestro Frederico de Freitas; historians Felix Alves Pereira and João Martins da Silva Marques.[18]
In 1944, prior to his arrest, Vichy France Prime Minister Pierre Laval had planned to move to an estate in Sintra, where a house had been leased for him.[21]
The 1949 municipal plan by De Groer was devised to protect the town and its neighbourhood from uncontrolled urbanization, and resulted in the maintenance of an environment comparable to 19th century Sintra.[18] Urban anarchy predominated until the middle of the 1980s in the areas adjacent to the main town of Sintra, resulting in the development of new neighbourhoods.[18]
Geography
Physical geography
The town of Sintra sitting atop the Sintra Mountains, the exposed granite formation of igneous rock extending to the Atlantic Ocean
The Sintra Mountains, a granite massif ten kilometres long – considered the Monte da Lua (Mountain of the Moon), or Promontorium Lunae by the strong local tradition of astral cults – emerge abruptly between a vast plain to the north and the northern margin of the Tagus River estuary, winding in a serpentine cordillera towards the Atlantic Ocean and Cabo da Roca, the most westerly point of continental Europe.
The imposing cliffs which delimit the Sintra range and the Atlantic
The São João platform, along the northern flank of the Sintra Mountains, has altitudes between 100 metres (110 yd) and 150 metres (160 yd), while the southern part of the mountains, the Cascais platform, is lower: sloping from 150 metres (160 yd) to the sea, terminating along the coast, around 30 metres (33 yd) above sea level.[22][23] The spectacular relief results from the east–west orientation of the massif's axis, its terminus at the coast, and the nature of igneous rocks, which are resistant to erosion.[23] The Eruptive Massif of Sintra (MES) is a dome structure, formed by layers of sedimentary rocks (limestones and sandstones) from the Upper Jurassic and early Cretaceous periods.[23] A metamorphosed igneous intrusion resulted in a narrow halo of metamorphic rocks, but also strongly deformed these sedimentary layers causing a vertical exposure.[23] While in the south there are enclosed sedimentary layers, to the north (around Praia Grande) the massif is steep. The sedimentary formations, until the beginning of the Upper Cretaceous, are deformed by the intrusion which limits the MES to the end the Cretaceous.[23] Radiometric aging of different rocks from the massif has indicated an age between 80 and 75 million years (confirming the installation of the massive Upper Cretaceous).[23]
Beach in Azenhas do Mar, Sintra
The geodynamic conditions that controlled the formation of the MES (correlated with the development of the Sines and Monchique Eruptive Massifs) are associated with the progressive northern expansion of the Atlantic Ocean and the consequent opening of the Bay of Biscay.[23] The Bay of Biscay's expansion resulted in complex tensions responsible for profound fractures in the Earth's crust that were conduits for the ascension of magma.[23] Around 80 million years ago this magma spread across the surface as a superficial crust with a depth of 5 kilometres between sedimentary layers (160 to 9 million years old) that were chemically metamorphosed.[23] Over time the magma chamber cooled and crystallized, resulting in conditions that caused the granular textures that characterize the MES.[23] The weaker sedimentary layers were susceptible to erosion, and their products were deposited around their base. Consequently, the massif likely became exposed during the Paleogenic epoch (30 million years ago), known as the Benfica Complex.[23]
Climate and biome
High humidity and cooler temperatures are rather frequent in the mountains of Sintra
The Mediterranean climate, influenced by the Atlantic and characterized by moderate temperatures and wet winters, is typical of mainland Portugal. Although the climate in the area of Cabo da Roca is close to semi-arid, the Sintra Mountains are considered moderately humid: precipitation in the mountains is higher than in the surrounding areas. The position of the town in the natural landscape of the Sintra Mountains (consisting of an exuberant natural patrimony), is influenced by the existence of a micro-climate.[22][24] For different reasons (the climate here has been moderated by the Sintra Mountains; the fertility of the soils; and its relative proximity to the Tagus estuary) the region attracted considerable early settlement. Due to its micro-climate, a huge park has developed full of dense foliage with a rich botanical diversity.
The temperate climate and humidity resulting from proximity to the coast favour the growth of a rich mat of forest including Atlantic and Mediterranean species, marking the transition in Portugal from northern to southern vegetation. The Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica) predominates over great expanses of the rocky heights and sheltered slopes. On moist shady slopes, normally facing north, or in sheltered places, the common oak (Quercus robur) is widespread. In lowland areas and warm places the cork oak (Quercus suber) is common and in limestone areas the Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea) is found. Other species scattered throughout the mountains of Sintra include: maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), common hazel (Corylus avellana), common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), European holly (Ilex aquifolium), Portuguese laurel (Prunus lusitanica), Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo), laurestine (Viburnum tinus), Kermes oak (Quercus coccifera), and Italian buckthorn (Rhamnus alaternus). In the valleys, near watercourses, grow narrow-leaf ash (Fraxinus angustifolia), Grey willow (Salix atrocinerea), European alder (Alnus glutinosa), alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) and black elderberry (Sambucus nigra).
Since 1966, the Sintra Mountains have been affected by fires that have destroyed a major part of the original forest, which has been substituted by acacia and other fast-growing exotic species. The forested area of the Sintra mountains is about 5,000 hectares (50 km2), of which 26% (1,300 hectares (13 km2)) is maintained by the State through the Direcção Geral de Florestas – Núcleo Florestal de Sintra (General Directorate of Forests – Sintra Forestry Service).
Climate data for Sintra (Sintra Air Base) 1971–2000
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)21.6
(70.9)23.4
(74.1)27.2
(81.0)28.0
(82.4)33.6
(92.5)41.4
(106.5)39.8
(103.6)38.5
(101.3)37.8
(100.0)31.8
(89.2)27.0
(80.6)22.5
(72.5)41.4
(106.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)14.3
(57.7)14.9
(58.8)16.8
(62.2)17.4
(63.3)19.2
(66.6)22.3
(72.1)24.7
(76.5)25.3
(77.5)24.5
(76.1)21.1
(70.0)17.5
(63.5)15.1
(59.2)19.4
(66.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)9.7
(49.5)10.6
(51.1)12.0
(53.6)13.0
(55.4)14.9
(58.8)17.8
(64.0)20.0
(68.0)20.4
(68.7)19.4
(66.9)16.4
(61.5)13.0
(55.4)10.9
(51.6)14.9
(58.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)5.2
(41.4)6.2
(43.2)7.3
(45.1)8.5
(47.3)10.6
(51.1)13.3
(55.9)15.2
(59.4)15.6
(60.1)14.3
(57.7)11.6
(52.9)8.6
(47.5)6.8
(44.2)10.3
(50.5)
Record low °C (°F)−3.5
(25.7)−3.5
(25.7)−2.0
(28.4)−0.1
(31.8)3.2
(37.8)6.0
(42.8)8.6
(47.5)8.4
(47.1)4.8
(40.6)−1.0
(30.2)−3.5
(25.7)−4.0
(24.8)−4.0
(24.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)100.7
(3.96)90.7
(3.57)57.2
(2.25)72.3
(2.85)56.8
(2.24)18.2
(0.72)6.2
(0.24)6.9
(0.27)28.4
(1.12)91.0
(3.58)111.5
(4.39)127.8
(5.03)767.7
(30.22)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)14.314.511.213.110.56.13.63.16.811.913.916.0125.0
Average relative humidity (%)87858077757574747782848680
Mean monthly sunshine hours152.2149.5205.0224.0255.4269.7309.0307.3244.2203.5158.7128.52,607
Source: Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera[25][26]
Climate data for Sintra (Granja), altitude: 134 m (440 ft), 1961–1984 normals, 1953–2003 sun hours
Human geography
Historical population
YearPop.±%
186420,766—
187821,990+5.9%
189022,918+4.2%
190026,074+13.8%
191130,694+17.7%
192029,762−3.0%
193037,986+27.6%
194045,171+18.9%
195060,423+33.8%
196079,964+32.3%
1970124,893+56.2%
1981226,428+81.3%
1991260,951+15.2%
2001363,749+39.4%
2011377,835+3.9%
2021385,606+2.1%
Source: INE[27]
The municipality is administered by 11 civil parish (Portuguese: freguesias) councils, with local authority to administer services and provide local governance, which are:[28]
Agualva e Mira-Sintra
Algueirão–Mem Martins
Almargem do Bispo, Pêro Pinheiro e Montelavar
Cacém e São Marcos
Casal de Cambra
Colares
Massamá e Monte Abraão
Queluz e Belas
Rio de Mouro
São João das Lampas e Terrugem
Sintra (Santa Maria e São Miguel, São Martinho e São Pedro de Penaferrim)
Sintra also has numerous hamlets and villages, including the affluent village of Linhó, Sintra.
Sintra's population grew considerably in the late 20th century, rising from about 14% of the Lisbon region to 19%, with the main concentration of resident population found in the important Queluz-Portela corridor, along the southeast corner of the municipality.[29] In this area were concentrated approximately 82% of the municipality's population, the most attractive parishes to live in being São Pedro de Penaferrim, Rio de Mouro, Belas and Algueirão-Mem Martins.[29][30]
The buildings in the central square of São Martinho, across from the Sintra National Palace
With the decrease in mortality rates, the region has undergone a general increase in infant births, primarily associated with late births, but also an increase in seniors in the community (56.5% in 2001).[29] Yet Sintra is still considered to have a structurally young population, the youngest in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon.[29] Young adults (30- to 39-year-olds) dominate Sintra's communities, with the parishes of Pêro Pinheiro, Terrugem, São Martinho, São João das Lampas, Santa Maria e São Miguel, Montelavar, Colares, Queluz and Almargem do Bispo all having higher rates of seniors in the population.[29] Approximately 80% of the population are born outside the town, 21% of these being foreign born residents. While the resident population in Lisbon has seen a gentle decrease since the mid-1960s, Sintra has grown comparably.[29]
Urban areas represent 55.4 square kilometres (5,540 ha) of the municipality, or approximately 17.4% of Sintra's territory; 35% of the population reside in places of between 50,000 and 100,000 inhabitants.[29] Many of these areas are anchored to lines of access, in particular, the Sintra Line and the IC19 motorway which connects the principal towns of Queluz, Agualva-Cacém, Algueirão/Mem Martins, Rio de Mouro and Belas).[29] Many of these urban areas are composed of a fabric of building projects that have historically resulted in dense buildings of concrete, normally seven or more floors in height.[29] The greatest growth in residential homes has occurred in the south of the municipality, in the triangle of São Pedro de Penaferrim, Santa Maria e São Miguel and Casal de Cambra.[29] In addition, there is a major concentration and growth in family dwellings of a seasonal nature, or second homes, in this region, and a proliferation of illegal construction in the parishes of São João das Lampas, São Pedro de Penaferrim, Belas, Agualva-Cacém and Casal de Cambra.[29]
Economy
The iconic Pena National Palace originally built on the Monastery of Nossa Senhora da Pena, and renovated extensively through the initiative of Ferdinand II of Portugal
The growth in tertiary activities has played an important part in the pattern of employment in the region, with commercial, retail and support services predominating.[29] This has been to the detriment of industry, although continuing industrial activities include the transport of materials, mineral processing, the manufacture of machinery and equipment, food-processing, beverage and tobacco companies as well as publishing and printing services.[29] There has also been a dramatic growth in the civil construction industry.[29]
EuroAtlantic Airways has its head office in Sintra.[31]
Tourism is also significant, with the parks and monuments operated by the Parques de Sintra accounting for 3.2 million visitors in 2017, for example.[32]
Transport
Sintra commuter railway station
Lisbon's commuter railway network (CP Urban Services) provides direct services to Sintra Station. The journey to Lisbon takes 35–45 minutes.[33] There is alternative transport, taxis, car-sharing services and buses, covering a large area of the district.
The Sintra tramway links Sintra with the Atlantic coast at Praia das Maçãs, providing a beautiful scenic ride along the way and covering a distance of some 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi). As of 2016, the heritage line runs Wednesday to Sunday in summer months.
Tourist bus 434 takes visitors between attractions in Sintra. The bus follows a one-way route and stops at Sintra Station, São Pedro de Sintra, the Castle of the Moors, Pena National Palace, Sintra Old Town and returns to Sintra Station.[34]
Landmarks
Cultural Landscape of Sintra
UNESCO World Heritage Site
CriteriaCultural: ii, iv, v
Reference723
Inscription1995 (19th Session)
Area946 ha
Sintra has a great number of preserved or classified architectural buildings:
Prehistoric
Barreira Megalithic Complex
Dolmen of Adrenunes (Portuguese: Anta de Adrenunes)
Dolmen of Agualva (Portuguese: Anta de Agualva/Anta do Carrascal)
Dolmen of Estria (Portuguese: Anta da Estria)
Dolmen of Monte Abraão (Portuguese: Anta do Monte Abraão)
Praia das Maçãs Prehistoric Monument (Portuguese: Monumento Pré-Histórico de Praia das Maçãs)
Tholos tomb of Monge (Portuguese: Tholos do Monge)
Spent the whole afternoon going over pictures from my trip to the UAE two weeks ago, then thought I'd post something "closer to home" before I carry on with the UAE pictures so here it is, one from the archives. Taken on the same day as this one.
Filters used: Hoya Circular Polarizer + Cokin gradient ND P121S
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Just got home from Black Friday shopping and found a package in the mail. I was happy to find it was the prizes for the Halloween Contest held by Matt G ! I was also happy to find extra torsos a helmet, and the Arealight rubber pieces that were a very generous gift.
The torsos themselves are printed by MRU. I'd have to say, they did a fantastic job! These are my first MRU pieces, so I'd like to put in a good word for them. However, these are NOT on MRU's website, they can be purchased on Matt's eBay. They come in three different colors (at the moment) Dark Blue, Dark Green, and Dark Red; I'm hoping for more colors in the future, but since these were made using the Custom Printing service, I don't mind at all. (Riften Please!)
The two helmets on the Solitude Guards are from Brickwarriors and were painted by me. The more traditional viking helmets are from Brickforge. In my opinion both look great, and I'll be using both for any Skyrim or fantasy build.
One from the archives.
Same set up as for this one.
50mm prime reversed on 55-200mm.
Lighting: Camera flash bounced of white sheet of paper behind/over subject.
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I've had the chance to see and photograph mushrooms on maybe three or four occasions recently, so I will be posting what some of you may consider far too many fungi shots : ) Sadly, some of them are just shots for the record. The mushroom in this photo was a nice find - a False Morel.
On 3 September 2016, we had a fungi morning, which was quite rewarding and definitely fun. Our leader and friend, Karel, is very knowledgeable about fungi and he took 14 of us (plus Karel's two beautiful Beagles) on a foray to West Bragg Creek, maybe an hour's drive west of the city. We had been here a few times over the years, either looking for fungi or on botany outings.
Photographing our findings usually means that I am way at the back of the group or have fallen back with a friend or two. Consequently, the mushrooms have often already been plucked/cut by the time we catch up to the rest of the participants. I also miss a lot of what is being said about IDs and details. It would take far too long to write down the name of each find - each photo taken would have to be carefully numbered so that the right name could be attached and this would be such a hassle when out with a group. Since this outing, Karel has sent an email containing several photos along with IDs. The rest of my photos will have to be just nameless 'pretty pictures' : ) I must add here that any IDs that I give are always tentative, as I know so little about fungi. Another thing to add is that I never, ever pick and eat wild mushrooms!! Too many look similar, some edible, others poisonous. If you are not a fungi expert, never take the risk of eating any of them.
I met up with friend, Sandy, at 8:15 am and she drove us out to the meeting place. My drive from home was done with my windshield wipers on my new car working non-stop - was it raining? No, it had rained the day before - hail, too, on my gleaming new vehicle that I had only had for five days! I needed to clean the windshield, but, once again, I couldn't for the life of me figure out how to turn the wipers off. Amazes me how complicated the wiper options are!
Our morning walk started off by going across the small bridge not far from the parking lot, then part way up the hill and then bush-whacking our way through the forest. This walk, which ended around lunch time, was the main one, but we did stop at a small, gravel parking area a few minutes along the main road, to do a second walk to check for any different mushrooms. This extra walk has yielded a few beauties in past years. Perhaps the most interesting find was a very small twig that had several tiny, turquoise coloured fungi cups on it. The colour looks so out of place in a natural area. My photos of them did not turn out very well, but I will eventually post one of them, just for the very unusual colour.
From here, a few of us stopped at the Cinnamon Spoon cafe in Bragg Creek for lunch. Always a most enjoyable way to finish any outing. Before we climbed into the car for our return drive to Calgary, Sandy and I wandered into the beautiful Art Gallery, owned and run by Bob and Candy Cook. Named Branded Visuals Inc.(Printing Services/Wildlife Gallery), this small store is overflowing with Bob's absolutely amazing photographic works of art. Thanks so much, Bob and Candy, for remembering our chance meeting a number of years ago, down in Fish Creek Park, and for your overly generous words about my own photography.
www.brandedvisuals.com/index.html
Thanks so much, Karel, for giving us a great morning! We really appreciate your passing on your knowledge to us. The same thanks go to Suzanne, the mushroom specialist in Calgary. Sandy, really appreciate the ride there and back!
The Puck Building is a historic building located in the Nolita neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.
An example of the German Rundbogenstil style of Romanesque Revival architecture, the building was designed by Albert Wagner and was constructed in two parts. The north section was built in 1885–86, and the south addition in 1892–93.[ The front of the building – on Lafayette Street – was relocated in 1899 when the street – then called Elm Place – was widened, this was supervised by Herman Wagner.The building was rehabilitated in 1983–84 and further renovated in 1995 by Beyer Blinder Belle.[3] The building sports two gilded statues by sculptor Henry Baerer of Shakespeare's character Puck, from A Midsummer's Night Dream, one on the northeast corner at Houston and Mulberry, and one over the main entrance on Lafayette
Once the printing facility of J. Ottmann Lithographing Company and Puck Magazine, which ceased publication in 1918, the building later housed numerous independent printing firms and related printing services such as typesetters and a printing ink company, Superior Printing Ink.
Since 2004, the building has been used by New York University for the Wagner Graduate School of Public Service and the department of sociology. The building contains both office and retail space as well as ballrooms for large events on both the top and ground floors. The retail space was added when the building underwent a large-scale renovation beginning in October 2011.
All Prints Going Offline - Going Dark
We are changing the way we handle prints here. In the past, we have done what everyone else does, which is dump a ton of prints into an online printing service. I'm not convinced that's the best way thing for our customers. We are going to do something different and bold, and we are launching in a few days. I think it will be much more meaningful for fans, collectors, and everyone in between.
For now, we are taking all printing options offline. Stay tuned for Friday for the big announcement!
Photoblog Awards - Come Vote
Thanks for all the votes already! There are just a few days left, so now is the perfect time to vote. If you do enjoy the images here and think the world should know, then I would certainly appreciate it!
Daily Photo - Entering The Forest Alone
It's not often I use a zoom lens to do landscape photography, since the conditions have to be just right (at least, for me). You do get this strange thing called "compression", which will be a new concept for people that come here not familiar with photography techniques. Maybe you have seen this in horror movies... You know, someone gets some shocking news, and then the camera does this strange thing where it pulls out and the background flexes while the actor remains still. Well, compression is kind like that, but not really. But it can bring things in the far distance "forward" to appear bigger than they really are, as is the case with the distant blue forest in this shot from Yellowstone.
Believe it or not, I was so exhausted after I took this shot, I pulled over and slept for two hours in the backseat. There is nothing worse than waking up, groggy in the backseat of a strange car, and a tripod jamming you in the small of the back.
This is the Labour Day long weekend and it is very overcast and only 6C , forecast to soar to 13C this afternoon. Chilly! Rain in our forecast for the next four days. Labour Day in Canada is celebrated on the first Monday of September and it is a federal statutory holiday. It is also observed in the United States on the same day.
Yesterday, 3 September 2016, was a fungi day, quite rewarding and definitely fun. Our leader and friend, Karel, is very knowledgeable about fungi and yesterday he took 14 of us (plus Karel's two beautiful Beagles) on a foray to West Bragg Creek, maybe an hour's drive west of the city. We had been here a few times before over the years, either looking for fungi or on botany outings.
Photographing our findings usually means that I am way at the back of the group or have fallen back with a friend or two. Consequently, the mushrooms have often already been plucked/cut by the time we catch up to the rest of the participants. I also miss a lot of what is being said about IDs and details. It would take far too long to write down the name of each find - each photo taken would have to be carefully numbered so that the right name could be attached and this would be such a hassle when out with a group. I'm really hoping that Karel will eventually send out an email with photos and IDs. If not, or till then, my photos will have to be just nameless 'pretty pictures' : ) If you look closely, you can see all the very thin 'threads' that are joining the stem (stipe) with the shiny cap. This mass of threads is called a veil. Not sure if this is Cortinarius mucosus, commonly known as the orange webcap or the slimy cortinarius. It does have the cobweb-like annulus that protects the developing gills.
I met up with friend, Sandy, at 8:15 am and she drove out to the meeting place. My drive from home was done with my windshield wipers on my new car working non-stop - was it raining? No, it had rained the day before - hail, too, on my gleaming new vehicle that I had only had for five days! I needed to clean the windshield, but, once again, I couldn't for the life of me figure out how to turn the wipers off. Amazes me how complicated the wiper options are!
Our morning walk started off by going across the small bridge, then part way up the hill and then bush-whacking our way through the forest. This walk, which ended around lunch time, was the main one, but we did stop at a small, gravel parking area a few minutes along the main road, to do a second walk to check for any different mushrooms. This extra walk has yielded a few beauties in past years. Perhaps the most interesting find was a very small twig that had several tiny, turquoise coloured fungi cups on it. The colour looks so out of place in a natural area. My photos of them didn't turn out very well, but I will eventually post one of them.
From here, a few of us stopped at the Cinnamon Spoon cafe in Bragg Creek for lunch. Always a most enjoyable way to finish any outing. Before we climbed into the car for our return drive to Calgary, Sandy and I wandered into the beautiful Art Gallery, owned and run by Bob and Candy Cook. Named Branded Visuals Inc.(Printing Services/Wildlife Gallery), this small store is overflowing with Bob's absolutely amazing photographic works of art. Thanks so much, Bob and Candy, for remembering our chance meeting quite a few years ago, down in Fish Creek Park, and for your overly generous words about my own photography.
www.brandedvisuals.com/index.html
Thanks so much, Karel, for giving us a great morning! We really appreciate your passing on your knowledge to us. The same thanks go to Suzanne, the mushroom specialist in Calgary. Sandy, really appreciate the ride there and back!
I usually frame to keep a certain flow but it really didn't suit this one. Now and then it's good to break the rules - especially your own.
Lighting info: Speedlight 430EX from right at 1/16th power and 35mm Zoom. And a white paper to the left to bounce back some of the light. Also used the gold side of a reflector to get the uneven/bokeh background and angled the flash so that some of the light would spill on the subject. The silver side of the reflector (or even tin foil) would give similar results but I first quite liked the warm tones of the gold (even though I did not use it in the end).
Used extension tubes on a Tamron 28-75mm f2.8 lens, locked on f4 or f6.3. (Changed it a few times and took about 300 of those so not 100% sure...)
No crop, pp consisted in slight exposure/curves adjustements, sharpening, and toning. Nothing drastic really!
Comments/criticism welcome.
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I used the photo printing service "Photoback" and the book has come to me! :-)
Now you can see the contents here .
PhotobackLifeを作ってみました。
32ページで作りました。
Well, one of the reasons why I would never eat them - I can see several little white worms/maggots crawling through the fungi flesh! The other reason I don't eat any is that you need to be an expert to know which mushrooms are edible and which ones are poisonous.
On 3 September 2016, we had a fungi morning, which was quite rewarding and definitely fun. Our leader and friend, Karel, is very knowledgeable about fungi and he took 14 of us (plus Karel's two beautiful Beagles) on a foray to West Bragg Creek, maybe an hour's drive west of the city. We had been here a few times over the years, either looking for fungi or on botany outings.
Photographing our findings usually means that I am way at the back of the group or have fallen back with a friend or two. Consequently, the mushrooms have often already been plucked/cut by the time we catch up to the rest of the participants. I also miss a lot of what is being said about IDs and details. It would take far too long to write down the name of each find - each photo taken would have to be carefully numbered so that the right name could be attached and this would be such a hassle when out with a group. Since this outing, Karel has sent an email containing several photos along with IDs. The rest of my photos will have to be just nameless 'pretty pictures' : ) I must add here that any IDs that I give are always tentative, as I know so little about fungi. Another thing to add is that I never, ever pick and eat wild mushrooms!! Too many look similar, some edible, others poisonous. If you are not a fungi expert, never take the risk of eating any of them.
I met up with friend, Sandy, at 8:15 am and she drove us out to the meeting place. Our morning walk started off by going across the small bridge not far from the parking lot, then part way up the hill and then bush-whacking our way through the forest. This walk, which ended around lunch time, was the main one, but we did stop at a small, gravel parking area a few minutes along the main road, to do a second walk to check for any different mushrooms. This extra walk has yielded a few beauties in past years. Perhaps the most interesting find was a very small twig that had several tiny, turquoise coloured fungi cups on it. The colour looks so out of place in a natural area.
From here, a few of us stopped at the Cinnamon Spoon cafe in Bragg Creek for lunch. Always a most enjoyable way to finish any outing. Before we climbed into the car for our return drive to Calgary, Sandy and I wandered into the beautiful Art Gallery, owned and run by Bob and Candy Cook. Named Branded Visuals Inc.(Printing Services/Wildlife Gallery), this small store is overflowing with Bob's absolutely amazing photographic works of art. Thanks so much, Bob and Candy, for remembering our chance meeting a number of years ago, down in Fish Creek Park, and for your overly generous words about my own photography.
www.brandedvisuals.com/index.html
Thanks so much, Karel, for giving us a great morning! We really appreciate your passing on your knowledge to us. The same thanks go to Suzanne, the mushroom specialist in Calgary. Sandy, really appreciate the ride there and back!
Art, Arts
I have ventured, with the encouragement of friends, to enter a digital art show at the Warwick Museum of Art. Using a photo of one of my entries, Lotus Blossom, I had some fun with Photoshop creating a poster.
I have entered 3 pieces and will know next Tuesday if they are accepted.
Thank you to my friend, Ruby Snaps, for helping me to find a great online printing service!
And, to Cindy for being so encouraging!
Check out our first Asteroid Kit release! More to come later.
We were inspired by some of the great lego custom hand sculptors tagged in this picture and started doing some of our customs we really wanted in CAD. We are offering these protos up if people want them VIA a 3D printing service, the nice thing is they will always be available! Note that the material is high resolution but more fragile than ABS or resin parts!
The parts shown are straight primered from the printer, this is what the parts will look like with no sanding, they will look better with light finishing work.
Kit is meant for experienced customizers, it will take some work to get the parts fitting nicely, not meant for play by children!
11 photos panorama of the multiple record breaking Burj Khalifa (a.k.a. Burj Dubai), inaugurated on the 4th of January 2010.
Designed by British architect Adrian Smith, the Burj Khalifa towers at a height of 828m (2,717 feet) and was built using a mere 330,000 cubic metres of concrete and 103,000 square metres of glass.
It is located in Downtown Burj Khalifa (a.k.a Downtown Burj Dubai), a development area of 2km2 which also comprises the famous Dubai Fountain and Dubai Mall, the world's largest shopping mall (here visible on the right of the Burj Khalifa).
Filters used: Hoya Circular Polarizer + Cokin P121L GND
Visit my photobox... (for UK and EU printing services)
It's been so long since I uploaded anything, not sure if this is even any good. I wanted to post something so hope you enjoy it.
I have been working tirelessly getting my printing services up and running smoothly. I will have some sample packs of different inks and papers ready very soon. If anyone is interested in high quality exhibition prints of their own work please contact me and I will get some samples out to you. Have a great weekend everyone!
On 3 September 2016, we had a fungi morning, which was quite rewarding and definitely fun. Our leader and friend, Karel, is very knowledgeable about fungi and he took 14 of us (plus Karel's two beautiful Beagles) on a foray to West Bragg Creek, maybe an hour's drive west of the city. We had been here a few times over the years, either looking for fungi or on botany outings.
Photographing our findings usually means that I am way at the back of the group or have fallen back with a friend or two. Consequently, the mushrooms have often already been plucked/cut by the time we catch up to the rest of the participants. I also miss a lot of what is being said about IDs and details. It would take far too long to write down the name of each find - each photo taken would have to be carefully numbered so that the right name could be attached and this would be such a hassle when out with a group. Since this outing, Karel has sent an email containing several photos along with IDs. The rest of my photos will have to be just nameless 'pretty pictures' : ) I must add here that any IDs that I give are always tentative. Another thing to add is that I never, ever pick and eat wild mushrooms!! Too many look similar, some edible, others poisonous. If you are not a fungi expert, never take the risk of eating any of them.
I met up with friend, Sandy, at 8:15 am and she drove us out to the meeting place. Our morning walk started off by going across the small bridge not far from the parking lot, then part way up the hill and then bush-whacking our way through the forest. This walk, which ended around lunch time, was the main one, but we did stop at a small, gravel parking area a few minutes along the main road, to do a second walk to check for any different mushrooms. This extra walk has yielded a few beauties in past years. Perhaps the most interesting find was a very small twig that had several tiny, turquoise coloured fungi cups on it. The colour looks so out of place in a natural area. My photos of them did not turn out very well, but I did post one of them recently, just for the very unusual colour.
From here, a few of us stopped at the Cinnamon Spoon cafe in Bragg Creek for lunch. Always a most enjoyable way to finish any outing. Before we climbed into the car for our return drive to Calgary, Sandy and I wandered into the beautiful Art Gallery nearby, owned and run by Bob and Candy Cook. Named Branded Visuals Inc.(Printing Services/Wildlife Gallery), this small store is overflowing with Bob's absolutely amazing photographic works of art. Thanks so much, Bob and Candy, for remembering our chance meeting a number of years ago, down in Fish Creek Park, and for your overly generous words about my own photography.
www.brandedvisuals.com/index.html
Thanks so much, Karel, for giving us a great morning! We really appreciate your passing on your knowledge to us. The same thanks go to Suzanne, the mushroom specialist in Calgary. Sandy, really appreciate the ride there and back!
Filters used: Hoya Circular Polarizer
My parents came to visit for the weekend so we drove down to the coast and had a walk around Seaford, Beachy Head and Eastbourne.
Here is Eastbourne Pier.
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Somehow I think the processing might look a bit strong on this one even though I hardly did anything to it... weird.
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This is the Labour Day long weekend in Canada, celebrated on the first Monday of September (in 2016, on 5 September) and it is a federal statutory holiday. It is also observed in the United States on the same day. It is a partly cloudy day today, with a temperature of just 10C (feeling like 7C), but so far the sun is still shining. Yesterday was cold and I have to admit I turned on my heating for the first time yesterday evening! Lots of yellow leaves on the trees - and I think fall has already arrived.
Sorry, I've had the chance to see and photograph mushrooms on maybe three or four occasions recently, so I will be posting what some of you may consider far too many fungi shots : ) Sadly, they are usually just shots for the record, as I can't get down and move every blade of grass, etc..
The Aspen Bolete in this photo was taken two days ago, on 3 September 2016, a fungi morning, which was quite rewarding and definitely fun. Our leader and friend, Karel, is very knowledgeable about fungi and he took 14 of us (plus Karel's two beautiful Beagles) on a foray to West Bragg Creek, maybe an hour's drive west of the city. We had been here a few times over the years, either looking for fungi or on botany outings.
Photographing our findings usually means that I am way at the back of the group or have fallen back with a friend or two. Consequently, the mushrooms have often already been plucked/cut by the time we catch up to the rest of the participants. I also miss a lot of what is being said about IDs and details. It would take far too long to write down the name of each find - each photo taken would have to be carefully numbered so that the right name could be attached and this would be such a hassle when out with a group. Since this outing, Karel has sent an email containing several photos along with IDs. The rest of my photos will have to be just nameless 'pretty pictures' : ) I must add here that any IDs that I give are always tentative, as I know so little about fungi. Another thing to add is that I never, ever pick and eat wild mushrooms!! Too many look similar, some edible, others poisonous. If you are not a fungi expert, never take the risk of eating any of them.
I met up with friend, Sandy, at 8:15 am and she drove us out to the meeting place. My drive from home was done with my windshield wipers on my new car working non-stop - was it raining? No, it had rained the day before - hail, too, on my gleaming new vehicle that I had only had for five days! I needed to clean the windshield, but, once again, I couldn't for the life of me figure out how to turn the wipers off. Amazes me how complicated the wiper options are!
Our morning walk started off by going across the small bridge, then part way up the hill and then bush-whacking our way through the forest. This walk, which ended around lunch time, was the main one, but we did stop at a small, gravel parking area a few minutes along the main road, to do a second walk to check for any different mushrooms. This extra walk has yielded a few beauties in past years. Perhaps the most interesting find was a very small twig that had several tiny, turquoise coloured fungi cups on it. The colour looks so out of place in a natural area. My photos of them didn't turn out very well, but I will eventually post one of them, just for the very unusual colour.
From here, a few of us stopped at the Cinnamon Spoon cafe in Bragg Creek for lunch. Always a most enjoyable way to finish any outing. Before we climbed into the car for our return drive to Calgary, Sandy and I wandered into the beautiful Art Gallery, owned and run by Bob and Candy Cook. Named Branded Visuals Inc.(Printing Services/Wildlife Gallery), this small store is overflowing with Bob's absolutely amazing photographic works of art. Thanks so much, Bob and Candy, for remembering our chance meeting a number of years ago, down in Fish Creek Park, and for your overly generous words about my own photography.
www.brandedvisuals.com/index.html
Thanks so much, Karel, for giving us a great morning! We really appreciate your passing on your knowledge to us. The same thanks go to Suzanne, the mushroom specialist in Calgary. Sandy, really appreciate the ride there and back!
(Honourable Mention in the 2013 International Photography Awards self promotion category)
(Published in Amateur Photographer, 28/09/13)
I've mentioned before how much I generally enjoy processing my photographs, as opposed to the arduous task I know it's perceived to be by many. The problem is, due to the time pervasive nature of coaxing life from your own RAW files - of pushing all those little pixels around until they start to behave as you want them, it's all too easy to get hung up on the tricky problem areas encountered along the way. Every shot has them, whether it be an unfortunate shadow, a miscreant patch of cloud, an unwelcome obstacle creeping in to frame (yes we all check, but when will 100% view finders become standard?!) - and that's all before the technical battle against colour fringing, chromatic aberration, barrel distortion, haloing, dust motes, poor dynamic range and lens flare... I'm something of a perfectionist you see - but if you're not troubled by these things then congratulations!
There are files I've processed from start to finish that have been blissfully short on this list of transgressions - a joy to work with every step of the way. It's almost as if they're in a hurry to have their own narcissism fully realised, whispering ideas to me as to which direction they want to be taken and how best to achieve it. 'Try this, try that - no not that, this - there, simple see?' I like those files. I love those files. If I could I'd have each one lavishly printed on archival fine art paper (perhaps for especially good behaviour even employ the brilliant Jeff Gaydash's piezography printing services - you want it on aluminium? Why ever not?!), prior to being proudly displayed for years to come.
Then, inevitably, there are the bad files. The ones that refuse to cooperate, the ones that need to be kicked about, wrestled with, poked with a pointy stick and beaten into submission (I do all this with presses of buttons and swipes of a mouse - it's witchcraft I swear) before they start to reveal signs of promise. Even then they have suicidal tendencies and left to their own devices will lurch from the nearest cliff or stubbornly devolve into a horrid mess. These are the files I have spent many, many frustrating hours with - the shots that could be great, that have heaps of potential but are blighted by a resolute desire to underachieve... These are the files that you will probably never see - the ones that hide amidst my hard drive shunning the light of day. I hate those files. I loathe those files. I shared an email exchange with Richard Fraser recently, where I stated that I felt I needed an alternate photostream for my photographic 'b' sides. He sympathetically made mention of what he felt to be his own 'c' and 'd' sides. I fear should I search too long in that hard drive of mine I shall reach the end of the alphabet long before him...
Hopefully I didn't let too many of the latter type appear in Dodho online photography magazine - dodho.com/andy-brown-photography/. Many thanks to them for getting in contact and featuring some of my work.
Baltic states freedom tribute
at Martin Printing Services,
63 Liberty Street
Little Ferry, New Jersey.
( 2013 )
==
A. Schacht Travegon 35mm f/3.5
Canon 60D
Very 'cliché' I know. I Was first going to post it in the same blue tones as my previous dandelion shot but decided to go for slightly warmer tones...
Lighting info: Speedlight 430EX from right at 1/16th power and 35mm Zoom. And a white paper to the left to bounce back some of the light. Also used the gold side of a reflector to get the uneven background and angled the flash so that some of the light would spill on it. The silver side of the reflector (or even possibly tin foil) would give similar results but I first quite liked the warm tones of the gold.
Used extension tubes on a Tamron 28-75mm f2.8 lens, locked on f4.
No crop, pp consisted in slight exposure/curves adjustements and sharpening, slight diffuse glow and toning. Nothing drastic really!
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Posted for interest and a record, not for photogenic quality. This was one of the fungi I photographed when a group of us went to West Bragg Creek on 3 September 2016, to search for mushroom species. Afterwards, I got an e-mail asking if any of us had photographed this particular fungus, as it turns out that it was quite interesting. "This mushroom, looking like it is covered with algae, is a brother of the Lobster mushroom, thus a parasite; this one is Hypomyces luteovirens, Green Mushroom Pimple". Not sure I would have photographed it if I had found it somewhere on my own, and I wouldn't have pulled it : ) As it was, I rather reluctantly photographed it, as it really didn't look photogenic to me at all. Any confirmation or correction of ID would be greatly appreciated - thanks! If you look at this image in the larger size, you can see all the tiny green "pimples", if you are in the mood for looking at green pimples, ha.
"Fruit body a white then olive-green to dark green mold which produces dark green perithecia that project as small pimples. The mold covers the gills and stalk of lactarius and russula mushrooms. Habitat in woods on various species of russula and lactarius mushrooms. Common in wet weather wherever the host species are found, throughout many parts of North America."
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6208.asp
"This species of Hypomyces is a parasite on various species of Russula. It is easily recognized by its yellow-green color. It seems less avid about its parasitism than some species of Hypomyces, and tends to cover only the upper stem and gills of the host mushroom, leaving it fairly recognizable. Parasitic on various species of Russula, which have diverse habitats; widely distributed in North America. Fruit Body is a powdery, mold-like covering over the gills and stem of the host; yellow to yellowish green." From MushroomExpert.com., which is an excellent website.
www.mushroomexpert.com/hypomyces_luteovirens.html
On 3 September 2016, we had a fungi morning, which was quite rewarding and definitely fun. Our leader and friend, Karel, is very knowledgeable about fungi and he took 14 of us (plus Karel's two beautiful Beagles) on a foray to West Bragg Creek, maybe an hour's drive west of the city. We had been here a few times over the years, either looking for fungi or on botany outings.
Photographing our findings usually means that I am way at the back of the group or have fallen back with a friend or two. Consequently, the mushrooms have often already been plucked/cut by the time we catch up to the rest of the participants. I also miss a lot of what is being said about IDs and details. It would take far too long to write down the name of each find - each photo taken would have to be carefully numbered so that the right name could be attached and this would be such a hassle when out with a group. Since this outing, Karel has sent an email containing several photos along with IDs. The rest of my photos will have to be just nameless 'pretty pictures' : ) I must add here that any IDs that I give are always tentative. Another thing to add is that I never, ever pick and eat wild mushrooms!! Too many look similar, some edible, others poisonous. If you are not a fungi expert, never take the risk of eating any of them.
I met up with friend, Sandy, at 8:15 am and she drove us out to the meeting place. Our morning walk started off by going across the small bridge not far from the parking lot, then part way up the hill and then bush-whacking our way through the forest. This walk, which ended around lunch time, was the main one, but we did stop at a small, gravel parking area a few minutes along the main road, to do a second walk to check for any different mushrooms. This extra walk has yielded a few beauties in past years. Perhaps the most interesting find was a very small twig that had several tiny, turquoise coloured fungi cups on it. The colour looks so out of place in a natural area. My photos of them did not turn out very well, but I did post one of them recently, just for the very unusual colour.
From here, a few of us stopped at the Cinnamon Spoon cafe in Bragg Creek for lunch. Always a most enjoyable way to finish any outing. Before we climbed into the car for our return drive to Calgary, Sandy and I wandered into the beautiful Art Gallery next door but one, owned and run by Bob and Candy Cook. Named Branded Visuals Inc.(Printing Services/Wildlife Gallery), this small store is overflowing with Bob's absolutely amazing photographic works of art. Thanks so much, Bob and Candy, for remembering our chance meeting a number of years ago, down in Fish Creek Park, and for your overly generous words about my own photography.
www.brandedvisuals.com/index.html
Thanks so much, Karel, for giving us a great morning! We really appreciate your passing on your knowledge to us. The same thanks go to Suzanne, the mushroom specialist in Calgary. Sandy, really appreciate the ride there and back!
Sweet irony as I badly sprained my ankle last night and can now only barely walk. Really hope it'll be all healed in time for Christmas holidays...
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Dents has been a famous chemists and photography shop in Chesterfield for many, many decades. When we moved to Chesterfield 35 years ago it was the main photographic supplier in town. Over the years I bought a number of cameras such as my Voigtlander rangefinders and other equipment and used the developing and printing service. Before the pandemic the shop had been running down its stock and the pandemic has ended an era. The pharmacy is still going attached to a local general practice.
This is the Labour Day long weekend and it is very overcast and only 6C , forecast to soar to 13C this afternoon. Chilly! Rain in our forecast for the next four days. Labour Day in Canada is celebrated on the first Monday of September and it is a federal statutory holiday. It is also observed in the United States on the same day.
Yesterday, 3 September 2016, was a fungi day, quite rewarding and definitely fun. Our leader and friend, Karel, is very knowledgeable about fungi and yesterday he took 14 of us (plus Karel's two beautiful Beagles) on a foray to West Bragg Creek, maybe an hour's drive west of the city. We had been here a few times before over the years, either looking for fungi or on botany outings.
Photographing our findings usually means that I am way at the back of the group or have fallen back with a friend or two. Consequently, the mushrooms have often already been plucked/cut by the time we catch up to the rest of the participants. I also miss a lot of what is being said about IDs and details. It would take far too long to write down the name of each find - each photo taken would have to be carefully numbered so that the right name could be attached and this would be such a hassle when out with a group. I'm really hoping that Karel will eventually send out an email with photos and IDs. If not, or till then, my photos will have to be just nameless 'pretty pictures' : ) I can't remember who was holding this little cluster of 'shrooms for me.
I met up with friend, Sandy, at 8:15 am and she drove out to the meeting place. My drive from home was done with my windshield wipers on my new car working non-stop - was it raining? No, it had rained the day before - hail, too, on my gleaming new vehicle that I had only had for five days! I needed to clean the windshield, but, once again, I couldn't for the life of me figure out how to turn the wipers off. Amazes me how complicated the wiper options are!
Our morning walk started off by going across the small bridge, then part way up the hill and then bush-whacking our way through the forest. This walk, which ended around lunch time, was the main one, but we did stop at a small, gravel parking area a few minutes along the main road, to do a second walk to check for any different mushrooms. This extra walk has yielded a few beauties in past years. Perhaps the most interesting find was a very small twig that had several tiny, turquoise coloured fungi cups on it. The colour looks so out of place in a natural area. My photos of them didn't turn out very well, but I will eventually post one of them.
From here, a few of us stopped at the Cinnamon Spoon cafe in Bragg Creek for lunch. Always a most enjoyable way to finish any outing. Before we climbed into the car for our return drive to Calgary, Sandy and I wandered into the beautiful Art Gallery, owned and run by Bob and Candy Cook. Named Branded Visuals Inc.(Printing Services/Wildlife Gallery), this small store is overflowing with Bob's absolutely amazing photographic works of art. Thanks so much, Bob and Candy, for remembering our chance meeting quite a few years ago, down in Fish Creek Park, and for your overly generous words about my own photography.
www.brandedvisuals.com/index.html
Thanks so much, Karel, for giving us a great morning! We really appreciate your passing on your knowledge to us. The same thanks go to Suzanne, the mushroom specialist in Calgary. Sandy, really appreciate the ride there and back!