View allAll Photos Tagged Period!!
A recent transfer to York for the summer period is Volvo B9TL Wright Eclipse Gemini 2 BD11 CEA wearing Pride of the North livery having been taken away from the Coastliner fleet last year. It is seen leaving York rail station on the summer-only X40 Coastliner Express from Whitby to Leeds alongside ex-Witchway Volvo B7TL Eclipse Gemini PJ05 ZWL on the X43 Coastliner Express from Bridlington to Leeds via Scarborough; This and 2764 are usually based at York but can swap between here and malton as and when required.
The start of July saw the peak season Coastliner timetable come into effect, however unlike in previous years the additional vehicle requirement fell not on Malton but on York. This is in order to run the limited stop journeys X40 and X43 which have been branded as Coastliner Express - but in another change is that the routes have been changed on both counts. Between Leeds and York the services are very similar to Cityzap in that aside from Seacroft they run non-stop not calling at Tadcaster or Copmanthorpe; then the route through and out of York is the same as before along Malton Road and not serving Stockton on the Forest. The next key change is that neither service calls at Malton, running around the town on the bypass instead - which for anybody who has travelled through the town on a morning will know that bypassing it saves a significant amount of time.
The X40 comes off the A64 at the Eden Camp junction whereby it then serves the attraction as well as close to Flamingoland before going on to Pickering where the next new change is, as the new X40 does not serve Thornton le Dale or Goathland and inatsead goes straight up the A169 - which means the X40 serves a different stop to the 840 which stops on the A170; unlike what the timetable states which once again is a misprint (an amazing misprint) the X40 stops close to pickering NYMR station. Once at Whitby the bus parks up for a few hours and the driver has a day at the beach before bringing everybody back again, almost like a coach operators' daytrip..... meanwhile further back the X43 carries on as usual along the A64 to Scarborough rail station, but then carries on to Filey and Bridlington taking the place of the discontinued 845 service which in recent months has been the sacrificial lamb of the Coastliner network when there haven't been enough buses available due to the 845 having been cut back to little more than a shuttle from Malton anyway - now there is only one Coastliner bus per day to Bridlington and it doesn't even wear Coastliner livery normally. This can all be traced back to the decision to purchase Volvo B5TL's for Coastliner after little more than a week with a demonstrator vehicle (this following a trial with a B5TL demo at Harrogate which had to be restarted after the trial vehicle broke down after 2 days and had to go back to Volvo for repairs). Right from the get-go the B5TL's have had problems with Coastliner from leaking sunshine roofs, then starter motors have failed, and more recently there have been total engine failures as pistons have broken through their casing. This has meant vehicles suddenly being out of use for a significant period of time, and there have been cases where the same 845 journey hasn't run for a week because there simply weren't enough vehicles. The CEO of the company won't even venture to malton depot to discuss these problems, though a further 3 B5TL's are due for delivery in September; and following similar problems with the vehicles of the same type at Harrogate Volvo have now decided to undertake full engine replacements under warranty of most of the batch both at Harrogate and Malton. ... meanwhile this extra work means York currently has 4 non-zap double deckers with both 2763 and 2764 being joined by 421 from Burnley (originally a Coastliner) and a vehicle from Harrogate which would initially be 404 (ex-Coastliner) then an ex-Midlands President, then also being joined by 440 (also ex-Coastliner)
Tintagel Castle (Cornish: Dintagel, meaning "fort of the constriction") is a medieval fortification located on the peninsula of Tintagel Island, adjacent to the village of Tintagel in Cornwall, England, in the United Kingdom. The site was possibly occupied in the Romano-British period, as an array of artefacts dating to this period have been found on the peninsula, but as yet no Roman era structure has been proven to have existed there. It subsequently saw settlement during the Early Medieval period, when it was probably one of the seasonal residences of the regional king of Dumnonia. A castle was built on the site by Richard, Earl of Cornwall in the 13th century, during the Later Medieval period, after Cornwall had been subsumed into the kingdom of England. It later fell into disrepair and ruin. Archaeological investigation into the site began in the 19th century as it became a tourist attraction, with visitors coming to see the ruins of Richard's castle. In the 1930s, excavations revealed significant traces of a much earlier high status settlement, which had trading links with the Mediterranean during the Late Roman period.
Beautiful period…you see so many colors..hard to pick which one to capture, which one not to
Photographed in North loop park, Minneapolis Downtown
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR RE-EANACTORS WEARING CROMWELL PERIOD COSTUME MOUNTED ON HORSE'S RIDING THROUGH THE GUN SMOKE AT A HISTORIC EVENT IN AN EAST LONDON BOROUGH SUBURB STREET PARK VENUE EVENT ENGLAND DSCN1089
During the Triassic Period (200 - 250 million years ago) the Colorado Plateau area of northeastern Arizona was located near the equator and on the southwestern edge of "Pangea", the super-continent that later separated into the modern day continents.
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Petrified Forest National Park
Holbrook, Arizona
Dec 2016
Brighton Palace Pier
Brighton (/ˈbraɪtən/) is a seaside resort on the south coast of England that is part of the city of Brighton and Hove, located 47 miles (76 km) south of London.
Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The ancient settlement of "Brighthelmstone" was documented in the Domesday Book (1086). The town's importance grew in the Middle Ages as the Old Town developed, but it languished in the early modern period, affected by foreign attacks, storms, a suffering economy and a declining population. Brighton began to attract more visitors following improved road transport to London and becoming a boarding point for boats travelling to France. The town also developed in popularity as a health resort for sea bathing as a purported cure for illnesses.
In the Georgian era, Brighton developed as a fashionable seaside resort, encouraged by the patronage of the Prince Regent, later King George IV, who spent much time in the town and constructed the Royal Pavilion in the Regency era. Brighton continued to grow as a major centre of tourism following the arrival of the railways in 1841, becoming a popular destination for day-trippers from London. Many of the major attractions were built in the Victorian era, including the Metropole Hotel (now Hilton) Grand Hotel, the West Pier, and the Brighton Palace Pier. The town continued to grow into the 20th century, expanding to incorporate more areas into the town's boundaries before joining the town of Hove to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove in 1997, which was granted city status in 2000. Today, Brighton and Hove district has a resident population of about 288,200 and the wider Brighton and Hove conurbation has a population of 474,485 (2011 census).
Brighton's location has made it a popular destination for tourists, renowned for its diverse communities, quirky shopping areas, large cultural, music and arts scene and its large LGBT population, leading to its recognition as the "unofficial gay capital of the UK". Brighton attracted 7.5 million day visitors in 2015/16 and 4.9 million overnight visitors, and is the most popular seaside destination in the UK for overseas tourists. Brighton has also been called the UK's "hippest city", and "the happiest place to live in the UK".
The first settlement in the Brighton area was Whitehawk Camp, a Neolithic encampment on Whitehawk Hill which has been dated to between 3500 BC and 2700 BC. It is one of six causewayed enclosures in Sussex. Archaeologists have only partially explored it, but have found numerous burial mounds, tools and bones, suggesting it was a place of some importance. There was also a Bronze Age settlement at Coldean. Brythonic Celts arrived in Britain in the 7th century BC, and an important Brythonic settlement existed at Hollingbury Castle on Hollingbury Hill. This Celtic Iron Age encampment dates from the 3rd or 2nd century BC and is circumscribed by substantial earthwork outer walls with a diameter of c. 1,000 feet (300 m). Cissbury Ring, roughly 10 miles (16 km) from Hollingbury, is suggested to have been the tribal "capital".
Later, there was a Roman villa at Preston Village, a Roman road from London ran nearby, and much physical evidence of Roman occupation has been discovered locally. From the 1st century AD, the Romans built a number of villas in Brighton and Romano-British Brythonic Celts formed farming settlements in the area. After the Romans left in the early 4th century AD, the Brighton area returned to the control of the native Celts. Anglo-Saxons then invaded in the late 5th century AD, and the region became part of the Kingdom of Sussex, founded in 477 AD by king Ælle.
Anthony Seldon identified five phases of development in pre-20th century Brighton. The village of Bristelmestune was founded by these Anglo-Saxon invaders, probably in the early Saxon period. They were attracted by the easy access for boats, sheltered areas of raised land for building, and better conditions compared to the damp, cold and misty Weald to the north. By the time of the Domesday survey in 1086 it was a fishing and agricultural settlement, a rent of 4,000 herring was established, and its population was about 400. Its importance grew from the Norman era onwards. By the 14th century there was a parish church, a market and rudimentary law enforcement (the first town constable was elected in 1285). Sacked and burnt by French invaders in the early 16th century—the earliest depiction of Brighton, a painting of c. 1520, shows Admiral Pregent de Bidoux's attack of June 1514—the town recovered strongly based on a thriving mackerel-fishing industry. The grid of streets in the Old Town (the present Lanes area) were well developed and the town grew quickly: the population rose from c. 1,500 in 1600 to c. 4,000 in the 1640s. By that time Brighton was Sussex's most populous and important town. Having lost the Battle of Worcester, King Charles II, after hiding for 42 days in various places, fled on the evening of 15 October 1651 in the "Surprise" from Brighthelmstone to his exile in Fécamp, France.
Over the next few decades, though, events severely affected its local and national standing, such that by 1730 "it was a forlorn town decidedly down on its luck". More foreign attacks, storms (especially the devastating Great Storm of 1703), a declining fishing industry, and the emergence of nearby Shoreham as a significant port caused its economy to suffer. By 1708 other parishes in Sussex were charged rates to alleviate poverty in Brighton, and Daniel Defoe wrote that the expected £8,000 cost of providing sea defences was "more than the whole town was worth". The population declined to 2,000 in the early 18th century.
From the 1730s, Brighton entered its second phase of development—one which brought a rapid improvement in its fortunes. The contemporary fad for drinking and bathing in seawater as a purported cure for illnesses was enthusiastically encouraged by Dr Richard Russell from nearby Lewes. He sent many patients to "take the cure" in the sea at Brighton, published a popular treatise on the subject, and moved to the town soon afterwards (the Royal Albion, one of Brighton's early hotels, occupies the site of his house). Others were already visiting the town for recreational purposes before Russell became famous, and his actions coincided with other developments which made Brighton more attractive to visitors. From the 1760s it was a boarding point for boats travelling to France; road transport to London was improved when the main road via Crawley was turnpiked in 1770; and spas and indoor baths were opened by other entrepreneurial physicians such as Sake Dean Mahomed and Anthony Relhan (who also wrote the town's first guidebook).
From 1780, development of the Georgian terraces had started, and the fishing village developed as the fashionable resort of Brighton. Growth of the town was further encouraged by the patronage of the Prince Regent (later King George IV) after his first visit in 1783. He spent much of his leisure time in the town and constructed the Royal Pavilion during the early part of his Regency. In this period the modern form of the name Brighton came into common use.
A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Preston Barracks in 1793.
The arrival of the London and Brighton Railway in 1841 brought Brighton within the reach of day-trippers from London. The population grew from around 7,000 in 1801 to more than 120,000 by 1901. Many of the major attractions were built during the Victorian era, such as the Grand Hotel (1864), the West Pier (1866), and the Palace Pier (1899). Prior to either of these structures, the famous Chain Pier was built, to the designs of Captain Samuel Brown. It lasted from 1823 to 1896, and is featured in paintings by both Turner and Constable.
Because of boundary changes, the land area of Brighton expanded from 1,640 acres (7 km2) in 1854 to 14,347 acres (58 km2) in 1952. New housing estates were established in the acquired areas, including Moulsecoomb, Bevendean, Coldean and Whitehawk. The major expansion of 1928 also incorporated the villages of Patcham, Ovingdean and Rottingdean, and much council housing was built in parts of Woodingdean after the Second World War. In 1997, Brighton and Hove were joined to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, which was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II as part of the millennium celebrations in 2000.
(Wikipedia)
The Brighton Palace Pier, commonly known as Brighton Pier or the Palace Pier[a] is a Grade II* listed pleasure pier in Brighton, England, located in the city centre opposite the Old Steine. Opening in 1899, it was the third pier to be constructed in Brighton after the Royal Suspension Chain Pier and the West Pier, but is now the only one still in operation. It is managed and operated by the Eclectic Bar Group.
The Palace Pier was intended as a replacement for the Chain Pier, which collapsed in 1896 during construction. It quickly became popular, and had become a frequently-visited theatre and entertainment venue by 1911. Aside from closures owing to war, it continued to hold regular entertainment up to the 1970s. The theatre was damaged in 1973 and following a buy-out was demolished in 1986, changing the pier's character from seaside entertainment to an amusement park, with various fairground rides and roller coasters.
The pier remains popular with the public, with over four million visitors in 2016, and has been featured in many works of British culture, including the gangster thriller Brighton Rock, the comedy Carry On at Your Convenience and the Who's concept album and film Quadrophenia.
The pier entrance is opposite the southern end of the Old Steine (the A23 to London) where it meets the Marine Parade and Grand Junction Road which run along the seafront. It is 1,722 feet (525 m) long and contains 85 miles (137 km) of planking. Because of the pier's length, repainting it takes three months every year. At night, it is illuminated by 67,000 bulbs.
No. 14 and No. 27 buses run directly from Brighton railway station to the pier.
The pier was designed and constructed by R. St George Moore. It was the third in Brighton, following the Royal Suspension Chain Pier in 1823 and the West Pier in 1866. The inaugural ceremony for laying of the first pile was held on 7 November 1891, overseen by Mayor Samuel Henry Soper. A condition to be met by its builders, in exchange for permission to build, was that the Chain Pier was to be demolished as it had fallen into a state of disrepair. In 1896, a storm destroyed the remains of the Chain Pier, which narrowly avoided colliding with the new pier during its collapse. Some of its remaining parts, including the toll houses, were re-used for the new pier. A tram along the pier was in operation during construction, but it was dismantled two years after opening.
Work was mostly completed in 1899 and the pier was officially opened on 20 May by the Mayoress of Brighton. It was named the Brighton Marine Palace and Pier, whose name was inscribed into the pier's metalwork. It cost a record £27,000 (£3,062,000 in 2019) to build, including 3,000 lights to illuminate the pier. Part of the cost was repairs to the West Pier and the nearby Volk's Electric Railway caused by damage in the 1896 storm from the Chain Pier's debris. The pier was not fully complete on the opening date; some work on the pavilion was completed shortly afterwards. It was designed to resemble kursaals, which were entertainment buildings found near spas on the Continent, and included reading and dining rooms.
The pier was an immediate success and quickly became one of the most popular landmarks in Brighton. By 1911, the reading rooms had been converted into a theatre. Both Stan Laurel and Charlie Chaplin performed at the pier to hone their comic skills early in their career, before migrating to the US and finding major commercial success in Hollywood. During World War I, the sea surrounding the pier was extensively mined to prevent enemy attacks. In the 1920s, the pier was widened, and a distinctive clock tower was added.
During World War II, the pier was closed as a security precaution. A section of decking was removed in order to prevent access from an enemy landing. The pier regained its popularity after the war, and continued to run regular summer shows, including Tommy Trinder, Doris and Elsie Waters and Dick Emery.
The pier was listed at Grade II* on 20 August 1971. As of February 2001, it was one of 70 Grade II*-listed buildings and structures, and 1,218 listed buildings of all grades, in the city of Brighton and Hove.
During a storm in 1973, a 70-long-ton (71 t) barge moored at the pier's landing stage broke loose and began to damage the pier head, particularly the theatre. Despite fears that the pier would be destroyed, the storm eased and the barge was removed. The landing pier was demolished in 1975, and the damaged theatre was never used again, despite protests from the Theatres Trust.
The pier was sold to the Noble Organisation in 1984. The theatre was removed two years later, on the understanding that it would be replaced; however a domed amusement arcade was put in place instead. Consequently, the seaward end of the pier was filled with fairground rides, including thrill rides, children's rides and roller coasters. Entertainment continued to be popular at the pier; the Spice Girls made an early live performance there in 1996 and returned the following year after achieving commercial success.
On 13 August 1994, a bomb planted by the IRA near the pier was defused by a controlled explosion. A similar bomb by the same perpetrators had exploded in Bognor Regis on the same day. The bombing was intended to mark the 25th anniversary of the start of The Troubles. The pier was closed for several days owing to police investigation.
The pier was renamed as "Brighton Pier" in 2000, although this legal change was not recognised by the National Piers Society nor some residents of Brighton and Hove. The local newspaper, The Argus, continued to refer to the structure as the Palace Pier.
The Palace Pier caught fire on 4 February 2003 but damage was limited and most of the pier was able to reopen the next day. Police suspected arson.
In 2004, the Brighton Marine Palace Pier Company (owned by the Noble Organisation), admitted an offence of breaching public safety under the Health and Safety at Work Act and had to pay fines and costs of £37,000 after a fairground ride was operated with part of its track missing. A representative from the Health and Safety Executive said that inadequate procedures were to blame for the fact that nothing had been done to alert staff or passengers that the ride would be dangerous to use. The pier management came into criticism from Brighton and Hove City Council, who thought they were relying too much on fairground rides, some of which were being built too high.
In 2011, the Noble Organisation put the pier for sale, with an expected price of £30 million. It was rumoured that the council wanted to buy the pier, but this was quickly ruled out. It was taken off the market the following year, due to lack of interest in suitable buyers. In 2016, it was sold to the Eclectic Bar Group, headed by former PizzaExpress owner Luke Johnson, who renamed the pier back to Brighton Palace Pier in July.
The Palace Pier remains a popular tourist attraction into the 21st century, particularly with day visitors to the city. In contrast to the redevelopment and liberal culture in Brighton generally, it has retained a traditional down-market "bucket and spade" seaside atmosphere. In 2016, the Brighton Fringe festival director Julian Caddy criticised the pier as "a massive public relations problem".
The pier has featured regularly in British popular culture. It is shown prominently in the 1971 film, Carry on at Your Convenience, and it is shown to represent Brighton in several film and television features, including MirrorMask, The Persuaders, the Doctor Who serial The Leisure Hive (1980), the 1986 film Mona Lisa, and the 2007 film, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street.
The Graham Greene novel Brighton Rock featured the Palace Pier. John Boulting's 1947 film adaptation helped established "low life" subculture in Brighton, and the climax of the film is set on it, where gangleader Pinkie Brown (played by Richard Attenborough) falls to his death. The 1953 B movie Girl on a Pier is set around the Palace Pier and also features the clash between holidaymakers and gangsters in Brighton. The Who's 1973 concept album Quadrophenia was inspired in part by band leader Pete Townshend spending a night underneath the pier in March 1964. It is a pivotal part of the album's plot, and features in the 1979 film. Townshend later said that the rest of the band understood this element of the story, as it related to their mod roots.
The 2014 novel The Bone Clocks by David Mitchell includes passages that take place on the pier. The 2015 British TV series, Cuffs, which takes place in Brighton features the pier, both in the opening theme as well as in parts of the story lines.
In 2015, Martyn Ware, founding member of pop group The Human League, made a series of field recordings on the pier as part of a project with the National Trust and British Library project to capture the sounds of Britain.
The pier was awarded the National Piers Society's Pier of the Year award in 1998.[4] In 2017, it was listed as the fourth most popular free attraction in Britain in a National Express survey.
In 2017, the pier was said to be the most visited tourist attraction outside London, with over 4.5 million visitors the previous year.
(Wikipedia)
Brighton [ˈbɹaɪtn] ist eine Stadt an der Küste des Ärmelkanals in der Grafschaft East Sussex und bildet zusammen mit dem unmittelbar angrenzenden Hove die Unitary Authority Brighton and Hove. Die Stadt ist das größte und bekannteste Seebad im Vereinigten Königreich. Die unabhängigen, aber räumlich zusammengewachsenen Gemeinden Brighton, Hove und Portslade schlossen sich 1997 zu Brighton & Hove zusammen, das im Jahr 2001 den Status einer City erhielt. Im Gegensatz zu den alten Cities verfügen sogenannte Millennium-Cities wie Brighton und Hove jedoch nicht über alle königlichen City-Privilegien, wie zum Beispiel einen Bischofssitz.
Auf dem Gebiet der späteren Stadt siedelten schon die Römer. Bei Ausgrabungen wurde eine römische Villa freigelegt. Die heutige Stadt Brighton geht auf eine angelsächsische Gründung aus dem 5. Jahrhundert zurück. In der ersten urkundlichen Erwähnung wird der Ort „Beorthelm’s-tun“ (town of Beorthelm) genannt, später „Bristemestune“ und im 16. Jahrhundert dann Brightelmstone, ehe der Ort 1660 erstmals Brighton geschrieben wird. Offiziell gilt dieser Name seit 1810.
1497 wurde ein erster Befestigungsturm in der Nähe des Ortes errichtet. Dennoch wurde das Fischerdorf im Jahr 1514 von der französischen Flotte während eines Krieges nach dem Treaty of Westminster (1511) zerstört und niedergebrannt. Der Ort wurde wieder aufgebaut und 1580 lebten 400 Fischer und 100 Bauern dort, mit ihren Familien also über 2000 Personen. Um 1660 soll Brighton sogar etwa 4.000 Einwohner gehabt haben, es war also keineswegs ein Dorf, wie mitunter behauptet wird. Im 17. Jahrhundert wurde der Fischfang, von dem die Bevölkerung überwiegend lebte, durch Kriege zwischen Franzosen und Holländern stark in Mitleidenschaft gezogen, da die Fischkutter oft nicht auslaufen konnten.
1703 und 1705 wurde der Ort durch schwere Stürme verwüstet. Es wurden nicht mehr alle zerstörten Häuser neu aufgebaut, denn die wirtschaftliche Krise hielt an, außerdem ging kontinuierlich Land entlang der Küste verloren, da es keine Deiche gab. Zu Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts hatte Brighton nur noch etwa 1.500 Einwohner. 1750 veröffentlichte der Arzt Richard Russell aus Lewes eine Schrift über die gesundheitsfördernden Aspekte des Meerwassers, vor allem in Brighton. Er errichtete 1753 auf dem Grundstück Old Steine das damals größte Gebäude Brightons, in dem er wohnte und auch seine Patienten logierten, und schon bald machten sich wohlhabende Kranke auf den Weg an die Küste. Um 1780 entwickelte sich Brighton zu einem modischen Kurort. Diese Entwicklung wurde beschleunigt, als 1786 der junge Prinzregent (der spätere König George IV.) hier ein Landhaus kaufte, um den größten Teil seiner Freizeit dort zu verbringen. Er ließ es später zum exotisch aussehenden Royal Pavilion ausbauen, der bekanntesten Sehenswürdigkeit der Stadt. Er ähnelt von außen einem indischen Palast, während die Inneneinrichtung im Stil der Chinoiserie gehalten ist. Seit 1850 ist er im Besitz der Stadt.
Von 1770 bis 1795 wurden 635 neue Häuser in Brighton gebaut. Um 1820 wurden die Viertel Kemp Town und Brunswick Town errichtet. 1823 erhielt der Ort als ersten Pier den Chain pier, 1866 folgte der West Pier. Seit 1841 gab es eine Eisenbahnverbindung nach London. 1872 wurde ein großes Aquarium eingeweiht, damals eine internationale Attraktion. Aus Meyers Konversationslexikon von 1898 ist zu erfahren:
„Brighton hat drei Saisons im Lauf des Jahres. Im Mai und Juni ist es fast ausschließlich von den Familien der Londoner Kleinbürger (tradespeople) besucht, im Juli und August von Ärzten, Advokaten, Künstlern etc., und in den Herbst- und Wintermonaten, wenn es an der südlichen Seeküste sonnig warm ist, wimmelt es von Lords und Ladies, die vom Kontinent heimkehren. Die Zahl der Besucher, welche sich längere Zeit hier aufhalten, beträgt jährlich über 80.000“.
Im Jahre 1896 wurde Brighton Zielort eines der ältesten kontinuierlich ausgetragenen Autorennens der Welt, des heutigen London to Brighton Veteran Car Run. In diesem Rennen dürfen lediglich Fahrzeuge aus edwardianischer Zeit und den Urtagen der Automobilität teilnehmen, das heißt Fahrzeuge, die ein Baudatum vor dem Januar 1905 ausweisen können.
1930 wurden dann Deiche aufgeschüttet, um die Erosion durch den Seegang aufzuhalten. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurde Brighton ebenso wie London von der deutschen Luftwaffe bombardiert. Über 5.000 Häuser wurden beschädigt oder zerstört.
Die Universität von Sussex wurde 1962 gegründet. Nachdem Brighton sein städtisches Polytechnikum „Universität“ nennt und die grafschaftliche Universität von East Sussex sich weit ab im Grünen, zwischen den Zivilgemeinden Stanmer und Falmer, aber noch auf Stadtgebiet von Brighton & Hove, niedergelassen hat, ist das Seebad auch eine Universitätsstadt mit zwei Universitäten geworden. Andererseits ist es auch ein hektischer Ferienort mit vielen Antiquitäten- und Buchläden, Restaurants und Spielhallen. Die Stadt wird manchmal auch London by the Sea genannt, wegen seiner Atmosphäre sowie wegen der großen Anzahl von Besuchern aus London, die vor allem an den Wochenenden und während der Sommerferien an die Küste strömen. Im Sommer beherbergt Brighton Tausende von jungen Menschen aus ganz Europa, die hier Sprachkurse belegen.
Im Kongresszentrum von Brighton findet fast alljährlich ein Parteitag einer der drei großen politischen Parteien statt. Am 12. Oktober 1984 explodierte im Grand Hotel eine Bombe der IRA; fünf Menschen starben. Die damalige Premierministerin Margaret Thatcher, die dort abgestiegen war, entkam nur knapp dem Attentat. Einer der Minister, Norman Tebbit, wurde leicht verletzt.
Im Jahr 1997 schlossen sich Brighton und die benachbarten Orte Portslade, Rottingdean und die Hove zu einer Stadt zusammen.
(Wikipedia)
Der Brighton Palace Pier (zuvor auch Brighton Marine Palace and Pier oder nur Palace Pier) ist eine Seebrücke (englisch pier) in Brighton, England. Sein Gegenstück war der inzwischen zerstörte und nur noch als Ruine erhaltene West Pier.
Der erste Pfahl wurde am 7. November 1891 gesetzt. Das Bauwerk wurde im Mai 1899 eröffnet.
Brighton Pier vom Ufer aus, 2006.
1973 wurde der Pier von einem Schiff beschädigt.
Das Theater wurde 1986 entfernt.
(Wikipedia)
After a period when it came very close to bankruptcy, Leyland leapt to prominence with a new generation of models built specially for the bus and coach market, including the Lion.
Ribble Motor Services of Preston was just one of many customers to take the Lion including Leyland's own aggressively square bodywork, and a few could be seen being used on fairground sites as caravans up until the early 1960s. The Lion was a great advance for the engineer and the driver, but it is still a difficult vehicle to maintain and drive by modern standards.
This 1927 Leyland Lion single-decker CK3825, fleet No. C295, was in service until 1939 and is preserved in the Museum of Transport, Greater Manchester. The replica body was built by Leyland in 1981.
Aquest espléndid vehicle de Period Coaches és un AEC Reliance amb carrosseria Harrington Wayfarer. Va entrar en servei l'any 1955 a Nichols Coaches de Southend, per passar l'any 1973 a Harris (Grays). Finalment va ser venut a Mulleys Motorways of Ixworth i es retirat l'any 1976. A la fotografia el veiem amb la lliurea de l'empresa que el tenia preservat l'any 2008.
Roman Imperial period, ca. 2nd c. CE
No listed archaeological provenience
In the collection of, and photographed on display at, the Museo Civico Archeologico di Bologna, inv. ROM 1093
This is a photo of a kirin, a mythological beast that kind of looks like a cross between a horse and a Chinese dragon. It is a symbol of good luck and prosperity. May you all have a very good and prosperous 2014!
This kirin is painted on an imari style porcelain plate we have that dates back to the early 1700s. One of the treasures in our imari collection.
British Airways is currently in the process of updating their schedule for the next S18 schedule as the current scheduling period is due to come to a close...
At present, British Airways is rescaling its South American flights, notably to Brazil which is recovering from a major economic downturn where demand for flights were downsized... British Airways at present only serves 2 destinations in Brazil.
Let's begin with Brazil's financial centre, São Paulo... The service continues to operate daily but the service has seen considerable capacity adjustment since the W16 schedule. BA246/247 which saw frequent appearances of Super Hi-J Boeing 747-400's later saw Mid-J Boeing 747-400's and later Boeing 777-200ER's.
From 29th October 2017, Boeing 777-300ER's will take-over operation of BA246/247 and will continue through the S18 schedule period where Boeing 777-200ER's were previously diagrammed. So far, São Paulo is now getting its capacity back...
The next one is Rio de Janeiro, a destination that has suffered considerable frequency reduction and capacity cuts. With the Rio 2016 Olympics now over, demand has dropped although the frequency is slowly returning back to daily.
Initial plans for BA248/249 for the W17 schedule were that the flight increases to 6 times a week operation, and Boeing 777-200ER's were supposed to be replaced by Boeing 787-9's, but now by Boeing 787-8's from 29th October 2017. From 10th May 2018 for the S18 schedule will see BA248/249 returning back to daily operation, still utilising Boeing 787-8's.
Whilst it is good to see Rio de Janeiro regaining its daily frequency, the use of Boeing 787-8's is still a considerable capacity cut from Boeing 777-300ER's which were prevalent before the S16 schedule ended.
Currently, British Airways operates 58 Boeing 777's, which includes 3 Boeing 777-200's, 43 Boeing 777-200ER's and 12 Boeing 777-300ER's.
Yankee Mike Mike Lima is one of 43 Boeing 777-200ER's in service with British Airways, delivered new to the flag-carrier in April 2001 and she is powered by 2 Rolls-Royce Trent 895 engines. Since February 2015 following a repaint into Crest livery, she gained Masha Ma designed GREAT Festival of Creativity special colours featuring artwork inspiration from Eastern Asia incorporating Bamboo and Western Europe of the Rose.
Boeing 777-236/ER G-YMML on final approach into Runway 27L at London Heathrow (LHR) on BA246 from São Paulo-Guarulhos (GRU).
D7076 crosses the viaduct at Summerseat during the ELR Diesel Gala, 8th July 2006 in green with a maroon WR Mk1 in tow.
Just a white oak leaf bud from several years ago. Botanists, at some point, realized that many plants go through a period of time where they have no leaves. So, being clever (and having no leaves to look at) they have devised alternative strategies to identifying plants using things like buds, leaf scars, patterns of pith, color of bark, and so forth. You can do this too, even if you never did well in school and have a criminal record, its not that difficult. And, this winter do this:
gather several species of twigs, bring them into a bar, and upon sitting next to someone you would like to have a conversation with pull out a twig and say: "this buds for you." Natural history has lubricated many a friendship Citizen.
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All photographs are public domain, feel free to download and use as you wish.
Photography Information: Canon Mark II 5D, Zerene Stacker, Stackshot Sled, 65mm Canon MP-E 1-5X macro lens, Twin Macro Flash in Styrofoam Cooler, F5.0, ISO 100, Shutter Speed 200
Beauty is truth, truth beauty - that is all
Ye know on earth and all ye need to know
" Ode on a Grecian Urn"
John Keats
You can also follow us on Instagram - account = USGSBIML Want some Useful Links to the Techniques We Use? Well now here you go Citizen:
Free Field Guide to Bee Genera of Marylandhttp://bio2.elmira.edu/fieldbio/beesofmarylandbookversion1.pdf
Basic USGSBIML set up:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-_yvIsucOY
USGSBIML Photoshopping Technique: Note that we now have added using the burn tool at 50% opacity set to shadows to clean up the halos that bleed into the black background from "hot" color sections of the picture.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bdmx_8zqvN4
Bees of Maryland Organized by Taxa with information on each Genus
www.flickr.com/photos/usgsbiml/collections
PDF of Basic USGSBIML Photography Set Up:
ftp://ftpext.usgs.gov/pub/er/md/laurel/Droege/How%20to%20Take%20MacroPhotographs%20of%20Insects%20BIML%20Lab2.pdf
Google Hangout Demonstration of Techniques:
plus.google.com/events/c5569losvskrv2nu606ltof8odo
or
www.youtube.com/watch?v=4c15neFttoU
Excellent Technical Form on Stacking:
Contact information:
Sam Droege
sdroege@usgs.gov
301 497 5840
Dimanche 19 décembre 2021, comme toutes les années à la même période, la coupe de Noël a lieu par n'importe quel temps.
Ce jour température de l'air : +1°C et de l'eau +6°C
Organisée depuis 1934, la Coupe de Noël est un événement incontournable pour les nageurs et nageuses émérites qui se jettent à l'eau un glacial dimanche de décembre.
Pour cette plus grande course du monde en eau froide, les participant-e-s devront nager sur une distance de 120 mètres le long de la promenade du Jardin Anglais, dans une eau dont la température devrait osciller entre 5°C et 7°C.
Je ne suis pas sur la photo puisque je suis derrière l'objectif. Pas fou, moi !!!
On Sunday 19 December 2021, like every year at the same time, the Christmas Cup takes place in any weather.
This day air temperature: +1°C and water temperature +6°C
Organised since 1934, the Christmas Cup is a must for experienced swimmers who take to the water on a cold December Sunday.
In the world's largest cold water race, participants will swim 120 metres along the Jardin Anglais promenade in water temperatures expected to be between 5°C and 7°C.
I'm not in the picture because I'm behind the lens.
Not crazy, me !!!
This is another image from yesterday’s wander through downtown Grimsby, Ontario to take advantage of the short-lived period of morning sunshine. Sunshine has been depressingly rare for the past month-and-a-half of dull, dark grey skies, so I bundled up, grabbed my camera and went out to see what I could find. On Main Street in the downtown area is a shop focussed on weight loss supplies and programs. Hence the name as seen here: Curves. But the signage, as well as the building itself, is made up of hard, straight lines, all the more prominent in the hard light. So I interpreted the sign as being somewhat contradictory with the straight lines of the structure and an arrow seemingly suggesting that you look elsewhere for any curves. The harsh lighting suggested a fine art style processing was in order. As a result, conversion to black-and-white/monochrome was my PP direction. Another hard light image in downtown Grimsby.- JW
Date Taken: 2021-01-21
Tech Details:
Taken using a hand-held Nikon D800 fitted with an AF-S Nikkor 24-120mm 1:4.0 lense set to 24mm, ISO200 (AutoISO), Daylight WB, Matrix metering, Shutter Priority mode, f/14.0, 1/400 sec. PP in free Open Source RAWTherapee from Nikon RAW/NEF source file: set final image size to be 9000px wide, brighten the image overall by setting exposure compensation to EV+1.05, increase contrast as well as Chromaticity in L-A-B mode, slightly increase Vibrance, and then also boost contrast and saturation in the Exposure panel, boost black level to get a good dark sky and hard shadows, use the Graduated Neutral Density/GND tool to darken the sky/top of frame further, use the Shadows/Highlights tool to recover some detail in the bright sheet metal of the sign and also bring up shadows a bit, apply some noise reduction, apply sharpening (edges only), save. PP in free Open Source GIMP: convert to B&W by using the Colours>Desaturate>Mono Mixer and then decrease the green channel and increase the red channel to further exaggerate the high contrast look, use the tone curve tool to brighten the highlight areas slightly, slightly increase contrast and also boost brightness a bit, sharpen slightly, save, scale to 6000px wide, sharpen slightly, save, add fine black-and-white frame, add bar and text on left, save, scale image to 3000 px wide for posting online, sharpen very slightly, save.
It was an Eastern Orthodox Cathedral from the date of its construction and was the hub of the Patriarch of Constantinople barring the period between 1204 and 1261 when Fourth Crusaders converted it to a Catholic Cathedral under the Latin Empire.
In 1453, the building was transformed into an Ottoman mosque and remained so till 1931. Many relics including bells, altar, iconostasis, mosaics representing Jesus, Mother Mary, Christian saints were removed. Islamic architectural features such as minarets, mihrab, minbar were included. On February 01, 1935, it was opened as a museum after getting secularized.
Byzantine Emperor Justinian I ordered the construction of the building to serve as a church. The structure was designed by the Greek geometers, namely Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. More than ten thousand people were employed, and it was inaugurated on December 27, 537.
Hagia Sophia suffered many damages in its long history due to earthquakes.
Architecture
The interior is adorned with mosaics and marble pillars of great artistic value while the nave is covered with a central dome and the exterior with stucco. The royal gate was the main entrance and was reserved only for the emperor.
Upper Gallery
The upper gallery encloses the nave till the apse and is shaped like a horseshoe. The area was mainly reserved for the Empress, housing many mosaics. It also houses runic inscriptions believed to be engraved by the Varangian Guard.
Dome
The dome of the building attracted the attention of many historians, architects, and engineers due to the innovative way the original architects visualized it. The original dome was damaged during the earthquake of 558 which was replaced by the second one in 563, but, a large portion of the second dome also collapsed.
Loge of the Empress
The center of the upper gallery contains the loge of the Empress. It is from here the Empress and court ladies would watch the proceedings below. The spot where the throne stood is marked by a round green stone.
Lustration Urns
During the rule of Sultan Murad III, two giant marble lustration urns carved from single blocks of marble were brought from Pergamon.
Marble Door
Hagia Sophia contains a marble door located in the southern upper gallery. The attendants at the synods used the door for entering and leaving the meeting.
Many thanks to all those whether you comment, add them as favourites or just take the time to view on my photographs.
I appreciate it very much!
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© All rights reserved R.Ertug
Please do not use this image without my explicit written permission.
Another fine marble portrait bust of a teenager is of Polydeukion, found in Kiphisia, Attica. c. AD 150. It was discovered together with the bust of Herodes Atticus, a wealthy Athenian sophist and the benefactor of Athens and other cities.
Polydeukion was Herodes Atticus' pupil and favourite. He was heroised by his master after he died in his teens. This is particularly clear from the marble votive relief in the form of a naiskos, found in Arkadia, Peloponnese. c. AD 150-160. Polydeukion’s nudity, the horse, and the snake that he is feeding characterise him as a hero. A young slave holds out his helmet.
→ The National Archaeological Museum in Athens, Greece, has a wonderful sculpture collection with around a thousand of the museum's 16,000 sculptures on permanent display. Exceptional highlights include the korai and kouroi sculptures from the archaic period and the rare large bronze sculptures from the classical and Hellenistic periods.
This dress is a wonderful example of the period practice of remaking old gowns to a new style. This gown was a wedding dress in June of 1876, then remade 10 years later to keep up with the current mode. It features asymmetric draping, a high collar, and shelf bustle popular in the 1880s. It is made from grey silk and brown floral brocade.
The bodice fits snugly over the hips, is shaped with four front darts, and features a segmented pleated peplum. The bodice has an inserted front of brocade. The sleeves are cuffed with brocade that cuts up in a point at the back of the wrist. It closes with 17 buttons inlaid with rhinestones. It is fully lined with light brown cotton twill, and anchors at the waist with a twill waist tape that closed with a pin. It is structured with 9 bones. The faced hem is inlaid with small weights to keep the ensemble in place.
The skirt is designed with a triangular insert of pleated grey silk at the front, flanked by tarlatan-backed brocade tabbed at the hem. The skirt is pleated at the side and box pleated at the waistband, and come together at center back. The left side is of grey silk and the right is of brocade. The skirt betrays ghost creases from previous knife pleats. Below the main skirt panels, two rows of pleats finish off the hem. The first row is box pleated and the second knife pleated. It is fully lined in plain woven brown cotton gathered at the back, the hem bound with tape. The waistband closes with a metal button reading "B'way & Chambers St. N.Y." A gathered strip of tarlatan acts as a bustle pad.
A) OL 18 1/2"( excluding collar ) B) OL 42 1/2".
Belonged to the Hart family.
Mounted by Specialty Costumer Tori Timmins (www.toritimmins.com/about), who also built the bustle. Described by Clare Barnett.
A) OL 18 1/2"( excluding collar ) B) OL 42 1/2"
ACC# 81.252 a&b
See other vintage wedding dresses, gowns and clothing at flic.kr/s/aHskTjUcgr.
(Photo credit Bob Gundersen www.flickr.com/photos/bobphoto51/albums)
There was a period of time from 2014 to 2018 when I left Flickr to give Tumblr a go. This happened to coincide with a period of time when my kids were small and pretty cute. Ever since coming back to Flickr, I've hated that such an important period is missing here... These photographs fill that gap.
When the visitor has passed Legraina and the last turn-off before Cape Sounion, the Sounion peninsula can be seen falling steeply in the south, topped by the shining white columns of the High Classical temple of Poseidon. To West respect to Sounion, the small island of Arché (Αρχή)
Poseidon’s Temple
High Classical Period
450-440 B.C
Cape Sounion, Attica
Former LMS Period 2 (1929-1932) passenger coach in faded/rusty BR lined maroon and numbered in the departmental series DM395228 - 'Motive Power Diesel Instruction Car Lecture Car 58', was stabled alongside Derby Works with an ex LMS Sleeping Car on August 5th 1978. The well-worn coach had been heavily modified for its role as a classroom with doors and windows plated over and the corridor connections removed. Presumably used as a mobile facility visiting steam depots during the period when diesels were arriving on the BR network, where on earth had this relic been located to have survived until 1978? It had a Rail Blue 'patch' over one of the windows. Unfortunately it appears to have since been scrapped.
www.starnow.co.uk/christopherw33618
2020 Reel youtu.be/fXhm5se6H3c
2017 Reel www.starnow.com/media/778224
2016 Reel www.starnow.co.uk/media/623368
2015 Reel www.starnow.co.uk/media/500618
Crew CV crew.mandy.com/uk/crew/profile/chris-christopher-wilson
wartimeproductions.co.uk/index.html
It was in September, 1960 - 50 years ago this year - that parking enforcement as we know it today began, when the first traffic wardens marched onto British streets.
In fact there were 40 of them and they inspired fear and fascination in equal measure as, in distinctive military-style uniforms with rows of gilt buttons, yellow shoulder flashes and yellow cap bands and with the power to issue £2 fines, they went in search of law-breaking motorists on behalf of the Metropolitan Police.
The very first ticket was issued to Dr Thomas Creighton who was answering an emergency call to help a heart attack victim at a West End hotel.
The medic's Ford Popular, left outside as he tended the victim, was ticketed but - just as happens today when mean or thoughtless wardens ticket hearses, ambulances (or even rabbits in their hutches...) - there was such a public outcry that he was subsequently let off.
Some things never change. Today, in the Borough of Westminster, where it all started, 200 parking attendants - or Civil Enforcement Officers (CEOs), as they are now known - patrol the streets.
Once upon a time, during the period some like to call “the Dark Ages”, while historians rather name it “early Middle Ages”, a monk named Philibert, who had come from the Burgundy town of Tournus to preach in southern Brittany and Vendée, founded a monastery on an island just off the French Atlantic seaboard, not far from the estuary of River Loire. The year was 674 and the island came to be known as Noirmoutier, meaning “Black Monastery”, from the color of the robes the monks wore.
Philibert passed away in 684 and the monks kept on living on the island until, from around Year 800, Viking raids on coastal areas made it untenable to remain —indeed, not everywhere was there peace in the kingdom of freshly crowned Emperor Charlemagne... Shortly after the foundation of the abbey 150 years before, land had been given to the monks by a local lord in an inland place called Déas, and there the monks began construction of a new and large abbey church in 815. In 836, they placed within the new church the sarcophagus containing the remains of Philibert, who had in the meantime been canonized.
Alas! peace in those times was a fragile thing, and soon more and more daring Viking raids forced the monks to flee again in 847, first to the abbey of Cunault on the banks of the Loire, and finally to that of Tournus in Burgundy, their founder’s home town, where at last they found solace and shelter. They had brought with them the bones of Saint Philibert but left the heavy sarcophagus in the deserted abbey church of Déas, and there the bones were transported back again when a group of monks returned in the early 900s, after the signature of the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte in 911, which bestowed Normandy upon the Vikings, giving them a place to settle and bringing their raiding and pillaging activities to an end.
The monastic life in Déas, which had become a priory of Tournus, began again. In the early 1100s, the place was renamed Saint-Philbert- [without the first “i”] de-Grand-Lieu.
The abbey church went through the Wars of Religion and the French Revolution without too much damage, then was used as a place to store hay, and even as chicken market in the 19th century. Its walls were then lowered as their top part had been too damaged. It was finally listed as a Historic Landmark in 1896 and restoration began.
The church as we see it today is mostly Carolingian, and is famous among Mediævalists for its square pillars that look like no other and are instantly recognizable.
This is the eastern end of the southern aisle. The outer arch forms an apsidiole, with a window that was either created or enlarged during Romanesque times, while the inner gives access to the ambulatory that runs around the back of the confessio.
The masonry is all period Carolingian, and while it is mostly made of rubble, the signature decorative motif of alternating bricks and white tuffeau limestone is repeated everywhere.
Over the Christmas period the views on this photostream crossed the incredible figure of 20 million views - thankyou for each and everyone who over the last six years took time out to view and comment on my pictures.
The first picture i posted was an Ayots Bravo coach and among its decals was the statement On A Mission i had not noticed this until a contact pointed it out but thanks again. It has and continues to be fun, just humbled and pleased with the interest shown - Rob
Edsel Ranchero (1958) Engine 6485cc V8 Ford
Registration Number UFF 371
EDSEL SET
www.flickr.com/photos/45676495@N05/albums/72157623789165496
Officially this does not exist, possibly a chop job some have been created using a Edsel Wagoner as a base and a Ford Ranchero rear, others simply a Ford Ranchero with Edsel grille and trim. This car is listed with the DVLA as an 1958 Edsel with a 6485cc engine, larger than anything in the Edsel range at the time and possibly the unit from a Third Generation (1966-67) Ford Ranchero, and i am guessing due to the DVLA listing it is a genuine 1958 Edsel platform, either way it is an impressive looking automobile and perhaps one Edsel should have built
Thanks for 20 million views
Shot at Billing Aquadrome, Northampton19:08:2013 Ref 96a-310
The Cretaceous. Latin language for "chalky", usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide (chalk), is a geologic period and system from circa 145.5 ± 4 to 65.5 ± 0.3 million years ago (Ma). In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows on the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period. It is the youngest period of the Mesozoic era, and at 80 million years long, the longest period of the Phanerozoic eon. The end of the Cretaceous defines the boundary between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. In many foreign languages this period is known as "chalk period".
Source - Wikipedia
It's fascinating to spot hearts in nature. One of many rock form marvels seen in the Alabama Hills near Lone Pine, California.
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