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Robert Haldane MAKGILL
C.B.E., M.D., D.P.H.
Born 24th May 1878 Died 3rd Oct. 1946
2nd son of Sir John and Lady Margaret Makgill
M.O. 2nd Gordon Highlanders South Africa 1900-1
LT Col R.A.M.C. [Royal Army Medical Corp] Egypt 1914-18 (C.B.E.)
34 Years service in public health work which he pioneered
A life given for service not self.
In memory of
Agnes Rebecca
Beloved wife of
Hamilton RUTHERFURD
Eldest daughter of
John MAKGILL Bart
Died 14th January 1938
Aged 70
Margaret Isabella
Wife of
John MAKGILL
Of Kemback and Waiuku
Daughter of
Robert HALDANE
Of Perthshire, Scotland
Born January 5th 1847
Died March 18th 1920
Her children arise up and call her blessed
In memory of Joanna
Beloved wife of
Thomas MIDDLETON
Died 18th October 1933 aged 69
Also
Thomas
Beloved husband of
Joanna
Died May 14th 1939
Aged 76
In loving memory of Marion Joyce
Dearly loved wife of
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
And loving mother of April and David
Died 20th September 1959 aged 67 years
Also her dearly loved husband
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
Died 8th May 1981 Aged 84 years
“Father in thy gracious keeping leave we now thy servant sleeping”
ROBERT HALDANE MAKGILL
A fabulous portrait of the man is here
www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/robert-makgill
Robert Haldane Makgill was born on 24 May 1870 at Stirling, Scotland, the son of Margaret Isabella Haldane and her husband, Captain Sir John Makgill of the Royal Engineers. His mother came from a distinguished family: two of her brothers, a sister and a nephew achieved prominence in British public and academic life. Robert also showed unusual intellectual gifts from an early age.
The Makgill family emigrated to New Zealand in 1881 and settled at Waiuku, south of Auckland, where John Makgill took up farming. Robert was educated at a country school near Waiuku, then at Auckland College and Grammar School. As a youth he was a keen yachtsman and won several trophies. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating MB, CM in 1893 with first-class honours. Returning to New Zealand, he was resident surgeon at Auckland Hospital from 1894 to 1896 and honorary bacteriologist in 1897. He went back to Edinburgh to gain his MD in 1899, and completed the diploma in public health from Cambridge University in 1901. By then he had been to South Africa as a civil surgeon attached to the 2nd Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders, and served with the Natal Field Force, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with two clasps.
After returning to Auckland Makgill was district health officer between 1901 and 1904, the first appointed for Auckland under the 1900 Public Health Act. His reports set a high standard for the new Department of Public Health, and were described as 'masterly' by Andrew Balfour and H. H. Scott in their 1924 survey of health problems in the British Empire. In 1902 Makgill reported on a case of bubonic plague in Auckland, with a detailed description of the pathology. His report as district health officer for that year included graphs and tables, with a comprehensive assessment of public health problems in Auckland city and country districts. Makgill's outstanding ability gained him further appointments: as government bacteriologist in Wellington (1904–8), and then as government pathologist (1908–14), and from 1909 as district health officer in Auckland.
A major part of Makgill's work as a district health officer was the testing and improvement of town water supplies. In Auckland in 1914 he investigated a typhoid epidemic; his scrupulous testing and quarantine methods finally traced the infection to a single carrier in a temporary army camp on One Tree Hill. Ironically, one of his nieces, Barbara Makgill, was among the first reported cases, all of which were marked by red flags on a map of the city; after the epidemic he gave Barbara her flag as a souvenir.
After the onset of the First World War in 1914, Makgill was attached to the Royal Army Medical Corps as a temporary captain and in 1915 and 1916 served in the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was made a CBE, but later told his family that the decoration was 'for camel dung and sand': observing that the sand in the camel lines when mixed with camel dung set hard like concrete, he had ordered that the mixture be used for road paving, thereby greatly improving transport and communications.
In 1916 Makgill returned to New Zealand as assistant director of medical services (sanitation) and reported on the outbreaks of pneumonia and meningitis in the military camps at Trentham and Featherston. During the 1918 influenza epidemic he was recalled from the Defence Department when key health officers fell ill, and was largely responsible for dealing with the later phase of the crisis in the Wellington district. While Dr T. H. A. Valintine took leave in 1919–20, Makgill was acting chief health officer, and remained in the Health Department as a senior consultant until his retirement in 1932.
Although not contributing much to the medical journals, Makgill wrote extensively for the annual reports and other Health Department publications. His report on the 1918 influenza epidemic in New Zealand was a model of careful statistical investigation; it argued against the popular belief that the infection had been introduced solely by the Niagara. The crowning achievement of his career as a public health administrator was his expert drafting of the 1920 Health Act, which established the framework of New Zealand's public health system for the next 40 years. He was also involved in drafting the 1925 Nurses and Midwives Registration Act and drafted most of New Zealand's food and drug regulations in the 1920s.
Makgill owned an orchard near Henderson, where his mother lived until her death in 1920, and where he experimented with unusual fruits and vegetables. His best success was with Chinese gooseberries (now better known as kiwifruit). After retiring from the Health Department Makgill regularly visited the United Kingdom, signing on as a ship's doctor on cargo vessels for a nominal salary of one shilling. He stayed with his Haldane relatives at Oxford, where he joined with his uncle, the physiologist Professor Sir John Scott Haldane, in experiments in respiration and the treatment of burns. Barbara Makgill recalls that their arms were 'a mass of scars' from self-inflicted burns as they tried to find the most effective treatment for miners burnt by firedamp (methane) given off by coal. Although he never married, Makgill's keen sense of humour made him a favourite with his nieces and nephews. A stroke partially paralysed his right side not long before he died in Auckland on 3 October 1946, but did not affect his mind.
Robert Makgill deserves to be remembered alongside J. M. Mason, T. H. A. Valintine and J. P. Frengley as one of the architects of New Zealand's public health system in the twentieth century. In almost 30 years in the Health Department he occupied at one time or another all of the senior posts, and his knowledge of New Zealand's public health system was unequalled. [1]
MARGARET ISABELLA MAKGILL nee HALDANE
Extensive family tree
THOMAS MIDDLETON
Area 1 Block H Lot No. 29A
…at his residence 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden… in his seventy-seventh year. Service at St. Barnabas’ Church, to-morrow (Tuesday) at 11 a.m.[2]
JOANNA MIDDLETON
New Zealand Herald, Volume XXIII, Issue 7681, 5 July 1886, Page 4
Marriages
HEELIS-MIDDLETON On July 1 by the Rev. P. J. Riddle, Thomas MIDDLETON, son of the late George MIDDLETON, Esq., of Rosshire, to Joanna HEELIS, adopted daughter of Captain and Mrs. Makgill, Waiuku.[3]
…at her late residence, 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden, Joanna…private interment[4]
Joanna and Thomas daughter Margaret Dorothy died at 11 Windmill Road also on January 6th 1939 and is interred at Waikaraka[5] Area 1 Block EXT Lot No 161B with her sister’s Vere who died 8 June 1949 and Mona MCKENZIE died 13 December 1977 aged 81; also Thomas MIDDLETON’s sister also named Vere who died 4 Dec 1951. [6]
SOURCES:
[1]
Geoffrey W. Rice. 'Makgill, Robert Haldane', from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 12-Nov-2013
URL: www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/biographies/3m39/makgill-robert-haldane
[2]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=AS...
[3]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[4]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[5]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[6]
Auckland Council cemetery database via libraries site: www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/cemeteries/cemetery.html
Robert Haldane MAKGILL
C.B.E., M.D., D.P.H.
Born 24th May 1878 Died 3rd Oct. 1946
2nd son of Sir John and Lady Margaret Makgill
M.O. 2nd Gordon Highlanders South Africa 1900-1
LT Col R.A.M.C. [Royal Army Medical Corp] Egypt 1914-18 (C.B.E.)
34 Years service in public health work which he pioneered
A life given for service not self.
In memory of
Agnes Rebecca
Beloved wife of
Hamilton RUTHERFURD
Eldest daughter of
John MAKGILL Bart
Died 14th January 1938
Aged 70
Margaret Isabella
Wife of
John MAKGILL
Of Kemback and Waiuku
Daughter of
Robert HALDANE
Of Perthshire, Scotland
Born January 5th 1847
Died March 18th 1920
Her children arise up and call her blessed
In memory of Joanna
Beloved wife of
Thomas MIDDLETON
Died 18th October 1933 aged 69
Also
Thomas
Beloved husband of
Joanna
Died May 14th 1939
Aged 76
In loving memory of Marion Joyce
Dearly loved wife of
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
And loving mother of April and David
Died 20th September 1959 aged 67 years
Also her dearly loved husband
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
Died 8th May 1981 Aged 84 years
“Father in thy gracious keeping leave we now thy servant sleeping”
ROBERT HALDANE MAKGILL
A fabulous portrait of the man is here
www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/robert-makgill
Robert Haldane Makgill was born on 24 May 1870 at Stirling, Scotland, the son of Margaret Isabella Haldane and her husband, Captain Sir John Makgill of the Royal Engineers. His mother came from a distinguished family: two of her brothers, a sister and a nephew achieved prominence in British public and academic life. Robert also showed unusual intellectual gifts from an early age.
The Makgill family emigrated to New Zealand in 1881 and settled at Waiuku, south of Auckland, where John Makgill took up farming. Robert was educated at a country school near Waiuku, then at Auckland College and Grammar School. As a youth he was a keen yachtsman and won several trophies. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating MB, CM in 1893 with first-class honours. Returning to New Zealand, he was resident surgeon at Auckland Hospital from 1894 to 1896 and honorary bacteriologist in 1897. He went back to Edinburgh to gain his MD in 1899, and completed the diploma in public health from Cambridge University in 1901. By then he had been to South Africa as a civil surgeon attached to the 2nd Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders, and served with the Natal Field Force, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with two clasps.
After returning to Auckland Makgill was district health officer between 1901 and 1904, the first appointed for Auckland under the 1900 Public Health Act. His reports set a high standard for the new Department of Public Health, and were described as 'masterly' by Andrew Balfour and H. H. Scott in their 1924 survey of health problems in the British Empire. In 1902 Makgill reported on a case of bubonic plague in Auckland, with a detailed description of the pathology. His report as district health officer for that year included graphs and tables, with a comprehensive assessment of public health problems in Auckland city and country districts. Makgill's outstanding ability gained him further appointments: as government bacteriologist in Wellington (1904–8), and then as government pathologist (1908–14), and from 1909 as district health officer in Auckland.
A major part of Makgill's work as a district health officer was the testing and improvement of town water supplies. In Auckland in 1914 he investigated a typhoid epidemic; his scrupulous testing and quarantine methods finally traced the infection to a single carrier in a temporary army camp on One Tree Hill. Ironically, one of his nieces, Barbara Makgill, was among the first reported cases, all of which were marked by red flags on a map of the city; after the epidemic he gave Barbara her flag as a souvenir.
After the onset of the First World War in 1914, Makgill was attached to the Royal Army Medical Corps as a temporary captain and in 1915 and 1916 served in the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was made a CBE, but later told his family that the decoration was 'for camel dung and sand': observing that the sand in the camel lines when mixed with camel dung set hard like concrete, he had ordered that the mixture be used for road paving, thereby greatly improving transport and communications.
In 1916 Makgill returned to New Zealand as assistant director of medical services (sanitation) and reported on the outbreaks of pneumonia and meningitis in the military camps at Trentham and Featherston. During the 1918 influenza epidemic he was recalled from the Defence Department when key health officers fell ill, and was largely responsible for dealing with the later phase of the crisis in the Wellington district. While Dr T. H. A. Valintine took leave in 1919–20, Makgill was acting chief health officer, and remained in the Health Department as a senior consultant until his retirement in 1932.
Although not contributing much to the medical journals, Makgill wrote extensively for the annual reports and other Health Department publications. His report on the 1918 influenza epidemic in New Zealand was a model of careful statistical investigation; it argued against the popular belief that the infection had been introduced solely by the Niagara. The crowning achievement of his career as a public health administrator was his expert drafting of the 1920 Health Act, which established the framework of New Zealand's public health system for the next 40 years. He was also involved in drafting the 1925 Nurses and Midwives Registration Act and drafted most of New Zealand's food and drug regulations in the 1920s.
Makgill owned an orchard near Henderson, where his mother lived until her death in 1920, and where he experimented with unusual fruits and vegetables. His best success was with Chinese gooseberries (now better known as kiwifruit). After retiring from the Health Department Makgill regularly visited the United Kingdom, signing on as a ship's doctor on cargo vessels for a nominal salary of one shilling. He stayed with his Haldane relatives at Oxford, where he joined with his uncle, the physiologist Professor Sir John Scott Haldane, in experiments in respiration and the treatment of burns. Barbara Makgill recalls that their arms were 'a mass of scars' from self-inflicted burns as they tried to find the most effective treatment for miners burnt by firedamp (methane) given off by coal. Although he never married, Makgill's keen sense of humour made him a favourite with his nieces and nephews. A stroke partially paralysed his right side not long before he died in Auckland on 3 October 1946, but did not affect his mind.
Robert Makgill deserves to be remembered alongside J. M. Mason, T. H. A. Valintine and J. P. Frengley as one of the architects of New Zealand's public health system in the twentieth century. In almost 30 years in the Health Department he occupied at one time or another all of the senior posts, and his knowledge of New Zealand's public health system was unequalled. [1]
MARGARET ISABELLA MAKGILL nee HALDANE
Extensive family tree
THOMAS MIDDLETON
Area 1 Block H Lot No. 29A
…at his residence 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden… in his seventy-seventh year. Service at St. Barnabas’ Church, to-morrow (Tuesday) at 11 a.m.[2]
JOANNA MIDDLETON
New Zealand Herald, Volume XXIII, Issue 7681, 5 July 1886, Page 4
Marriages
HEELIS-MIDDLETON On July 1 by the Rev. P. J. Riddle, Thomas MIDDLETON, son of the late George MIDDLETON, Esq., of Rosshire, to Joanna HEELIS, adopted daughter of Captain and Mrs. Makgill, Waiuku.[3]
…at her late residence, 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden, Joanna…private interment[4]
Joanna and Thomas daughter Margaret Dorothy died at 11 Windmill Road also on January 6th 1939 and is interred at Waikaraka[5] Area 1 Block EXT Lot No 161B with her sister’s Vere who died 8 June 1949 and Mona MCKENZIE died 13 December 1977 aged 81; also Thomas MIDDLETON’s sister also named Vere who died 4 Dec 1951. [6]
SOURCES:
[1]
Geoffrey W. Rice. 'Makgill, Robert Haldane', from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 12-Nov-2013
URL: www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/biographies/3m39/makgill-robert-haldane
[2]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=AS...
[3]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[4]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[5]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[6]
Auckland Council cemetery database via libraries site: www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/cemeteries/cemetery.html
Robert Haldane MAKGILL
C.B.E., M.D., D.P.H.
Born 24th May 1878 Died 3rd Oct. 1946
2nd son of Sir John and Lady Margaret Makgill
M.O. 2nd Gordon Highlanders South Africa 1900-1
LT Col R.A.M.C. [Royal Army Medical Corp] Egypt 1914-18 (C.B.E.)
34 Years service in public health work which he pioneered
A life given for service not self.
In memory of
Agnes Rebecca
Beloved wife of
Hamilton RUTHERFURD
Eldest daughter of
John MAKGILL Bart
Died 14th January 1938
Aged 70
Margaret Isabella
Wife of
John MAKGILL
Of Kemback and Waiuku
Daughter of
Robert HALDANE
Of Perthshire, Scotland
Born January 5th 1847
Died March 18th 1920
Her children arise up and call her blessed
In memory of Joanna
Beloved wife of
Thomas MIDDLETON
Died 18th October 1933 aged 69
Also
Thomas
Beloved husband of
Joanna
Died May 14th 1939
Aged 76
In loving memory of Marion Joyce
Dearly loved wife of
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
And loving mother of April and David
Died 20th September 1959 aged 67 years
Also her dearly loved husband
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
Died 8th May 1981 Aged 84 years
“Father in thy gracious keeping leave we now thy servant sleeping”
ROBERT HALDANE MAKGILL
A fabulous portrait of the man is here
www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/robert-makgill
Robert Haldane Makgill was born on 24 May 1870 at Stirling, Scotland, the son of Margaret Isabella Haldane and her husband, Captain Sir John Makgill of the Royal Engineers. His mother came from a distinguished family: two of her brothers, a sister and a nephew achieved prominence in British public and academic life. Robert also showed unusual intellectual gifts from an early age.
The Makgill family emigrated to New Zealand in 1881 and settled at Waiuku, south of Auckland, where John Makgill took up farming. Robert was educated at a country school near Waiuku, then at Auckland College and Grammar School. As a youth he was a keen yachtsman and won several trophies. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating MB, CM in 1893 with first-class honours. Returning to New Zealand, he was resident surgeon at Auckland Hospital from 1894 to 1896 and honorary bacteriologist in 1897. He went back to Edinburgh to gain his MD in 1899, and completed the diploma in public health from Cambridge University in 1901. By then he had been to South Africa as a civil surgeon attached to the 2nd Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders, and served with the Natal Field Force, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with two clasps.
After returning to Auckland Makgill was district health officer between 1901 and 1904, the first appointed for Auckland under the 1900 Public Health Act. His reports set a high standard for the new Department of Public Health, and were described as 'masterly' by Andrew Balfour and H. H. Scott in their 1924 survey of health problems in the British Empire. In 1902 Makgill reported on a case of bubonic plague in Auckland, with a detailed description of the pathology. His report as district health officer for that year included graphs and tables, with a comprehensive assessment of public health problems in Auckland city and country districts. Makgill's outstanding ability gained him further appointments: as government bacteriologist in Wellington (1904–8), and then as government pathologist (1908–14), and from 1909 as district health officer in Auckland.
A major part of Makgill's work as a district health officer was the testing and improvement of town water supplies. In Auckland in 1914 he investigated a typhoid epidemic; his scrupulous testing and quarantine methods finally traced the infection to a single carrier in a temporary army camp on One Tree Hill. Ironically, one of his nieces, Barbara Makgill, was among the first reported cases, all of which were marked by red flags on a map of the city; after the epidemic he gave Barbara her flag as a souvenir.
After the onset of the First World War in 1914, Makgill was attached to the Royal Army Medical Corps as a temporary captain and in 1915 and 1916 served in the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was made a CBE, but later told his family that the decoration was 'for camel dung and sand': observing that the sand in the camel lines when mixed with camel dung set hard like concrete, he had ordered that the mixture be used for road paving, thereby greatly improving transport and communications.
In 1916 Makgill returned to New Zealand as assistant director of medical services (sanitation) and reported on the outbreaks of pneumonia and meningitis in the military camps at Trentham and Featherston. During the 1918 influenza epidemic he was recalled from the Defence Department when key health officers fell ill, and was largely responsible for dealing with the later phase of the crisis in the Wellington district. While Dr T. H. A. Valintine took leave in 1919–20, Makgill was acting chief health officer, and remained in the Health Department as a senior consultant until his retirement in 1932.
Although not contributing much to the medical journals, Makgill wrote extensively for the annual reports and other Health Department publications. His report on the 1918 influenza epidemic in New Zealand was a model of careful statistical investigation; it argued against the popular belief that the infection had been introduced solely by the Niagara. The crowning achievement of his career as a public health administrator was his expert drafting of the 1920 Health Act, which established the framework of New Zealand's public health system for the next 40 years. He was also involved in drafting the 1925 Nurses and Midwives Registration Act and drafted most of New Zealand's food and drug regulations in the 1920s.
Makgill owned an orchard near Henderson, where his mother lived until her death in 1920, and where he experimented with unusual fruits and vegetables. His best success was with Chinese gooseberries (now better known as kiwifruit). After retiring from the Health Department Makgill regularly visited the United Kingdom, signing on as a ship's doctor on cargo vessels for a nominal salary of one shilling. He stayed with his Haldane relatives at Oxford, where he joined with his uncle, the physiologist Professor Sir John Scott Haldane, in experiments in respiration and the treatment of burns. Barbara Makgill recalls that their arms were 'a mass of scars' from self-inflicted burns as they tried to find the most effective treatment for miners burnt by firedamp (methane) given off by coal. Although he never married, Makgill's keen sense of humour made him a favourite with his nieces and nephews. A stroke partially paralysed his right side not long before he died in Auckland on 3 October 1946, but did not affect his mind.
Robert Makgill deserves to be remembered alongside J. M. Mason, T. H. A. Valintine and J. P. Frengley as one of the architects of New Zealand's public health system in the twentieth century. In almost 30 years in the Health Department he occupied at one time or another all of the senior posts, and his knowledge of New Zealand's public health system was unequalled. [1]
MARGARET ISABELLA MAKGILL nee HALDANE
Extensive family tree
THOMAS MIDDLETON
Area 1 Block H Lot No. 29A
…at his residence 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden… in his seventy-seventh year. Service at St. Barnabas’ Church, to-morrow (Tuesday) at 11 a.m.[2]
JOANNA MIDDLETON
New Zealand Herald, Volume XXIII, Issue 7681, 5 July 1886, Page 4
Marriages
HEELIS-MIDDLETON On July 1 by the Rev. P. J. Riddle, Thomas MIDDLETON, son of the late George MIDDLETON, Esq., of Rosshire, to Joanna HEELIS, adopted daughter of Captain and Mrs. Makgill, Waiuku.[3]
…at her late residence, 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden, Joanna…private interment[4]
Joanna and Thomas daughter Margaret Dorothy died at 11 Windmill Road also on January 6th 1939 and is interred at Waikaraka[5] Area 1 Block EXT Lot No 161B with her sister’s Vere who died 8 June 1949 and Mona MCKENZIE died 13 December 1977 aged 81; also Thomas MIDDLETON’s sister also named Vere who died 4 Dec 1951. [6]
SOURCES:
[1]
Geoffrey W. Rice. 'Makgill, Robert Haldane', from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 12-Nov-2013
URL: www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/biographies/3m39/makgill-robert-haldane
[2]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=AS...
[3]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[4]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[5]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[6]
Auckland Council cemetery database via libraries site: www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/cemeteries/cemetery.html
Robert Haldane MAKGILL
C.B.E., M.D., D.P.H.
Born 24th May 1878 Died 3rd Oct. 1946
2nd son of Sir John and Lady Margaret Makgill
M.O. 2nd Gordon Highlanders South Africa 1900-1
LT Col R.A.M.C. [Royal Army Medical Corp] Egypt 1914-18 (C.B.E.)
34 Years service in public health work which he pioneered
A life given for service not self.
In memory of
Agnes Rebecca
Beloved wife of
Hamilton RUTHERFURD
Eldest daughter of
John MAKGILL Bart
Died 14th January 1938
Aged 70
Margaret Isabella
Wife of
John MAKGILL
Of Kemback and Waiuku
Daughter of
Robert HALDANE
Of Perthshire, Scotland
Born January 5th 1847
Died March 18th 1920
Her children arise up and call her blessed
In memory of Joanna
Beloved wife of
Thomas MIDDLETON
Died 18th October 1933 aged 69
Also
Thomas
Beloved husband of
Joanna
Died May 14th 1939
Aged 76
In loving memory of Marion Joyce
Dearly loved wife of
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
And loving mother of April and David
Died 20th September 1959 aged 67 years
Also her dearly loved husband
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
Died 8th May 1981 Aged 84 years
“Father in thy gracious keeping leave we now thy servant sleeping”
ROBERT HALDANE MAKGILL
A fabulous portrait of the man is here
www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/robert-makgill
Robert Haldane Makgill was born on 24 May 1870 at Stirling, Scotland, the son of Margaret Isabella Haldane and her husband, Captain Sir John Makgill of the Royal Engineers. His mother came from a distinguished family: two of her brothers, a sister and a nephew achieved prominence in British public and academic life. Robert also showed unusual intellectual gifts from an early age.
The Makgill family emigrated to New Zealand in 1881 and settled at Waiuku, south of Auckland, where John Makgill took up farming. Robert was educated at a country school near Waiuku, then at Auckland College and Grammar School. As a youth he was a keen yachtsman and won several trophies. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating MB, CM in 1893 with first-class honours. Returning to New Zealand, he was resident surgeon at Auckland Hospital from 1894 to 1896 and honorary bacteriologist in 1897. He went back to Edinburgh to gain his MD in 1899, and completed the diploma in public health from Cambridge University in 1901. By then he had been to South Africa as a civil surgeon attached to the 2nd Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders, and served with the Natal Field Force, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with two clasps.
After returning to Auckland Makgill was district health officer between 1901 and 1904, the first appointed for Auckland under the 1900 Public Health Act. His reports set a high standard for the new Department of Public Health, and were described as 'masterly' by Andrew Balfour and H. H. Scott in their 1924 survey of health problems in the British Empire. In 1902 Makgill reported on a case of bubonic plague in Auckland, with a detailed description of the pathology. His report as district health officer for that year included graphs and tables, with a comprehensive assessment of public health problems in Auckland city and country districts. Makgill's outstanding ability gained him further appointments: as government bacteriologist in Wellington (1904–8), and then as government pathologist (1908–14), and from 1909 as district health officer in Auckland.
A major part of Makgill's work as a district health officer was the testing and improvement of town water supplies. In Auckland in 1914 he investigated a typhoid epidemic; his scrupulous testing and quarantine methods finally traced the infection to a single carrier in a temporary army camp on One Tree Hill. Ironically, one of his nieces, Barbara Makgill, was among the first reported cases, all of which were marked by red flags on a map of the city; after the epidemic he gave Barbara her flag as a souvenir.
After the onset of the First World War in 1914, Makgill was attached to the Royal Army Medical Corps as a temporary captain and in 1915 and 1916 served in the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was made a CBE, but later told his family that the decoration was 'for camel dung and sand': observing that the sand in the camel lines when mixed with camel dung set hard like concrete, he had ordered that the mixture be used for road paving, thereby greatly improving transport and communications.
In 1916 Makgill returned to New Zealand as assistant director of medical services (sanitation) and reported on the outbreaks of pneumonia and meningitis in the military camps at Trentham and Featherston. During the 1918 influenza epidemic he was recalled from the Defence Department when key health officers fell ill, and was largely responsible for dealing with the later phase of the crisis in the Wellington district. While Dr T. H. A. Valintine took leave in 1919–20, Makgill was acting chief health officer, and remained in the Health Department as a senior consultant until his retirement in 1932.
Although not contributing much to the medical journals, Makgill wrote extensively for the annual reports and other Health Department publications. His report on the 1918 influenza epidemic in New Zealand was a model of careful statistical investigation; it argued against the popular belief that the infection had been introduced solely by the Niagara. The crowning achievement of his career as a public health administrator was his expert drafting of the 1920 Health Act, which established the framework of New Zealand's public health system for the next 40 years. He was also involved in drafting the 1925 Nurses and Midwives Registration Act and drafted most of New Zealand's food and drug regulations in the 1920s.
Makgill owned an orchard near Henderson, where his mother lived until her death in 1920, and where he experimented with unusual fruits and vegetables. His best success was with Chinese gooseberries (now better known as kiwifruit). After retiring from the Health Department Makgill regularly visited the United Kingdom, signing on as a ship's doctor on cargo vessels for a nominal salary of one shilling. He stayed with his Haldane relatives at Oxford, where he joined with his uncle, the physiologist Professor Sir John Scott Haldane, in experiments in respiration and the treatment of burns. Barbara Makgill recalls that their arms were 'a mass of scars' from self-inflicted burns as they tried to find the most effective treatment for miners burnt by firedamp (methane) given off by coal. Although he never married, Makgill's keen sense of humour made him a favourite with his nieces and nephews. A stroke partially paralysed his right side not long before he died in Auckland on 3 October 1946, but did not affect his mind.
Robert Makgill deserves to be remembered alongside J. M. Mason, T. H. A. Valintine and J. P. Frengley as one of the architects of New Zealand's public health system in the twentieth century. In almost 30 years in the Health Department he occupied at one time or another all of the senior posts, and his knowledge of New Zealand's public health system was unequalled. [1]
MARGARET ISABELLA MAKGILL nee HALDANE
Extensive family tree
THOMAS MIDDLETON
Area 1 Block H Lot No. 29A
…at his residence 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden… in his seventy-seventh year. Service at St. Barnabas’ Church, to-morrow (Tuesday) at 11 a.m.[2]
JOANNA MIDDLETON
New Zealand Herald, Volume XXIII, Issue 7681, 5 July 1886, Page 4
Marriages
HEELIS-MIDDLETON On July 1 by the Rev. P. J. Riddle, Thomas MIDDLETON, son of the late George MIDDLETON, Esq., of Rosshire, to Joanna HEELIS, adopted daughter of Captain and Mrs. Makgill, Waiuku.[3]
…at her late residence, 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden, Joanna…private interment[4]
Joanna and Thomas daughter Margaret Dorothy died at 11 Windmill Road also on January 6th 1939 and is interred at Waikaraka[5] Area 1 Block EXT Lot No 161B with her sister’s Vere who died 8 June 1949 and Mona MCKENZIE died 13 December 1977 aged 81; also Thomas MIDDLETON’s sister also named Vere who died 4 Dec 1951. [6]
SOURCES:
[1]
Geoffrey W. Rice. 'Makgill, Robert Haldane', from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 12-Nov-2013
URL: www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/biographies/3m39/makgill-robert-haldane
[2]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=AS...
[3]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[4]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[5]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[6]
Auckland Council cemetery database via libraries site: www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/cemeteries/cemetery.html
Participants in CIMMYT's 2010 Wheat Improvement and Pathology Training Program, guided by Julio Huerta (center), CIMMYT wheat pathologist, examine and take notes on the symptoms present in a set of leaf rust differentials. These are wheat lines with known responses to different leaf rust races, or pathotypes. Pathotypes vary in their virulence to different resistance genes, and so infection types and levels in different lines vary depending on the genes they contain. By codifying the responses of the differentials scientists can determine the pathotype of an unknown isolate of the pathogen.
The training course ran for three months, from 15 February to 14 May 2010, with sixteen participants from eight countries (India, Paraguay, Brazil, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Turkey, and Afghanistan). They program was balanced between theoretical and practical learning, including wheat breeding, pathology and quality, molecular techniques, applied statistics, and participation in hands-on fieldwork such as selections, crossing, and disease screening.
Photo credit: X. Fonseca/CIMMYT.
Pathologist: Doctor killed Beethoven
By GEORGE JAHN, Associated Press Writer
Tue Aug 28, 2007
VIENNA, Austria - Did someone kill Beethoven? A Viennese pathologist claims the composer's physician did — inadvertently overdosing him with lead in a case of a cure that went wrong. Other researchers are not convinced, but there is no controversy about one fact: The master had been a very sick man years before his death in 1827.
Previous research determined that Beethoven had suffered from lead poisoning, first detecting toxic levels of the metal in his hair and then, two years ago, in bone fragments. Those findings strengthened the belief that lead poisoning may have contributed — and ultimately led — to his death at age 57.
But Viennese forensic expert Christian Reiter claims to know more after months of painstaking work applying CSI-like methods to strands of Beethoven's hair.
He says his analysis, published last week in the Beethoven Journal, shows that in the final months of the composer's life, lead concentrations in his body spiked every time he was treated by his doctor, Andreas Wawruch, for fluid inside the abdomen. Those lethal doses permeated Beethoven's ailing liver, ultimately killing him, Reiter told The Associated Press.
"His death was due to the treatments by Dr. Wawruch," said Reiter, head of the Department of Forensic Medicine at Vienna's Medical University. "Although you cannot blame Dr. Wawruch — how was he to know that Beethoven already had a serious liver ailment?"
Nobody did back then.
Only through an autopsy after the composer's death in the Austrian capital on March 26, 1827, were doctors able to establish that Beethoven suffered from cirrhosis of the liver as well as edemas of the abdomen. Reiter says that in attempts to ease the composer's suffering, Wawruch repeatedly punctured the abdominal cavity — and then sealed the wound with a lead-laced poultice.
Although lead's toxicity was known even then, the doses contained in a treatment balm "were not poisonous enough to kill someone if he would have been healthy," Reiter said. "But what Dr. Wawruch clearly did not know that his treatment was attacking an already sick liver, killing that organ."
Even before the edemas developed, Wawruch noted in his diary that he treated an outbreak of pneumonia months before Beethoven's death with salts containing lead, which aggravated what researchers believe was an existing case of lead poisoning.
But, said Reiter, it was the repeated doses of the lead-containing cream, administered by Wawruch in the last weeks of Beethoven's life, that did in the composer.
Analysis of several hair strands showed "several peaks where the concentration of lead rose pretty massively" on the four occasions between Dec. 5, 1826, and Feb. 27, 1827, when Beethoven himself documented that he had been treated by Wawruch for the edema, said Reiter. "Every time when his abdomen was punctured ... we have an increase of the concentration of lead in the hair."
Such claims intrigue others who have researched the issue.
"His data strongly suggests that Beethoven was subjected to significant lead exposures over the last 111 days of his life and that this lead may have been in the very medicines applied by his doctor," said Bill Walsh, who led the team at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory outside Chicago that found large amounts of lead in Beethoven's bone fragments. That research two years ago confirmed the cause of years of debilitating disease that likely led to his death — but did not tie his demise to Wawruch.
"I believe that Beethoven's death may have been caused by this application of lead-containing medicines to an already severely lead-poisoned man," Walsh said.
Still, he added, samples from hair analysis are not normally considered as reliable as from bone, which showed high levels of lead concentration over years, instead of months.
With hair, "you have the issue of contamination from outside material, shampoos, residues, weathering problems. The membranes on the outside of the hair tend to deteriorate," he said, suggesting more research is needed on the exact composition of the medications given Beethoven in his last months of his life.
As for what caused the poisoning even before Wawruch's treatments, some say it was the lead-laced wine Beethoven drank. Others speculate that as a young man he drank water with high concentrations of lead at a spa.
"We still don't know the ultimate cause," Reiter said. "But he was a very sick man — for years before his death."
The Beethoven Journal is published by the Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies at San Jose State University in California.
BC Ministry of Agriculture veterinary pathologist Stephen Raverty “really gets into his work!” Here he's inside the abdominal cavity of a fin whale, the second largest mammal in the world, examining how the animal died. He screens for health concerns that may not only impact other members of the animal’s population, but may also be transmitted to other living creatures, including humans.
Eva J. Pell (born March 11, 1948) is a biologist, plant pathologist, and science administrator. Pell's research focused on the physiological and biochemical impacts of air pollutants on vegetation. As a science administrator at Pennsylvania State University and the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. Pell initiated several pan-institutional science institutes.
Photo by Ira J. Pell
www.arqueologiadelperu.com/alleged-california-mass-murder...
MODESTO, Calif. (AP) – A man suspected in the homicides of five people — including his mother and baby daughter — had also been linked to the death last year of a toddler, police said.
Martin "Marty" Martinez, 30, was arrested Sunday in the deaths of the five, whose bodies were found a day earlier.
Modesto Police Chief Galen Carroll said at a news conference Monday that a pathologist concluded last week that 2-year-old Christopher Ripley died of "blunt force trauma" to the head on Oct. 2, 2014, two days after he was taken to a hospital.
Carroll said Martinez had been under investigation since the boy's death and that authorities were preparing to formally charge him with homicide when the five bodies were found Saturday afternoon in the Modesto home he used to share with Dr. Amanda Crews.
Crews, 38, was Ripley's mother and one of the five homicide victims. Martinez's mother, his daughter with Crews and two other girls were also found dead. Martinez is a suspect in the five homicides, Carroll said.
Carroll said police obtained a warrant for Martinez's arrest for the toddler's death Saturday night, after the five bodies were discovered.
Carroll said police didn't issue a warrant earlier because they were awaiting the pathologist's written report.
"The Modesto Police did not drop the ball," Carroll said. He said the investigation of Ripley's death took nine months because the department had to hire an outside pathologist who specializes in neurology to help with the case.
"Homicides do take a great deal of time to investigate," Carroll said. Carroll said a "limited" number of law enforcement officials knew of the pathologist's verbal report delivered to police on Thursday that Ripley was a homicide victim. Carroll said he believes Martinez didn't know of the pathologist's report.
The arrest warrant issued for Martinez in the toddler's death shows the pathologist found the "method of death was consistent with Christopher's head hitting the tile floor as a result of abuse," the Modesto Bee reported.
Carroll said Stanislaus County Child Protective Services had ordered Martinez to stay away from Crews' surviving children.
"We do not believe that played a factor in this incident," Carroll said of possible motives for the five homicides. Their bodies were found at about 3:30 p.m. Saturday after police received a call asking for a "security check" of the home.
The daycare Christopher attended reported he suffered three suspicious injuries around the time the boy began potty training. Crews denied Martinez caused the injuries but acknowledged that he was present during two of them, according to the arrest warrant.
Carroll declined to divulge the cause of the five deaths. He said investigators haven't yet determined a motive.
Crews was a doctor and worked for the Stanislaus County Health Service Agency, according to the California Medical Board. The agency didn't return several phone calls.
Modesto Police spokeswoman Heather Graves said counselors and chaplains are available for the officers who first entered the home and made the grisly discovery. A group of law enforcement officials could be seen huddled together and praying in front of the house shortly after the discovery of the bodies.
The house is in an upscale subdivision lined with four- and five-bedroom homes that were built less than 10 years ago.
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Ravi Singh (far left), CIMMYT Distinguished Scientist, breeder, and expert in wheat genetics and pathology, discusses CIMMYT's wheat breeding efforts with leading Australian grain farmers during a visit to the center's Toluca experiment station. CIMMYT hosted the group at Toluca and El Batán between 19 and 22 August 2011, as part of a tour of farms, private and public research institutes and grain processing facilities in Singapore, UK, France, Canada, USA, and Mexico, which was supported by Australia’s Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC).
The farmers were particularly interested in the developments concerning wheat stem rust race Ug99, which has reached South Africa, and risks spreading from there to western Australia, if previous disease trends occur. Stripe rust resistance, increased yield potential, and tolerance to drought and heat were also discussed; GRDC invests in this research in view of CIMMYT’s past and current contributions to higher and more stable wheat yields in Australia.
Photo credit: X. Fonseca/CIMMYT.
For more information, see CIMMYT's blog story at: blog.cimmyt.org/index.php/2011/08/key-australian-farmers-....
Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician, known for his advancement of public health. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" because his work helped to discredit humourism, bringing more science to medicine. He is also known as the founder of social medicine and veterinary pathology, and to his colleagues, the "Pope of medicine".
Universal Pictures starring Elvis Presley, Mary Tyler Moore, Barbara McNair and Jane Elliot as undercover nuns serving with a Doctor Elvis Presley in a poor community in the inner city of Los Angeles as a speech pathologist, registered nurse and social worker song Change of Habit www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsMj-0GfF8A and the end song Let us Pray together.. www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_--GkDw4iY
This week's winner in our photo competition for CIMMYT staff and friends is George Mahuku, CIMMYT maize pathologist. Taken in Colombia, this simple, clear image shows maize infected with the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Several species of Aspergillus can affect maize, causing Aspergillus ear rot and producing toxins known as aflatoxins that are harmful to birds and mammals, including humans, contaminating the maize grain.
For more information on on Aspergillus ear rot, see CIMMYT's Wheat Doctor: maizedoctor.cimmyt.org/index.php?option=com_content&t...; rel="nofollow.
Photo credit: G. Mahuku/CIMMYT.
This is a piece of skin that has been excised. The two stiches in the tissue are used for orientation purposes. the short one means "up" and the long one means "lateral". This is an ad hoc standard that has emerged.
I'm feeling very spikey today, just like this thistle! They cancelled my appointment as my pathology results STILL aren't back, now I have to wait another week!
Westside Forest Insect and Disease Service Center staff L-R: Holly Kearns, Kristen Chadwick, and Beth Willhite with pulaskis. Fishermans Bend BLM Recreation site, near Mill City, Oregon.
Photo by: Unknown
Date: May 7, 2014
Photo credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Westside Forest Insect and Disease Service Center.
Source: Kristen Chadwick collection; Sandy, Oregon.
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Closeup of the yolk sac. The chorion is outside the field of view. Pathologists will notice the similarity between this an the notorious yolk sac tumor.
On Tuesday, March 18, 1969, Joan Hill, a 38-year-old Houston, Texas, socialite, became violently ill for no readily apparent reason. Her husband, Dr. John Hill, at first indifferent, later drove her at a leisurely pace several miles to a hospital in which he had a financial interest, passing many other medical facilities on the way. When checked by admitting physicians, Joan's blood pressure was dangerously low, 60/40. Attempts to stabilize her failed and the next morning she died. The cause of death was uncertain. Some thought pancreatitis; others opted for hepatitis.
Joan's father, Ash Robinson, a crusty and extremely wealthy oilman, remained convinced that his daughter had been murdered. Neither was he reticent about naming the culprit: John Hill. When, just three months after Joan's death, Hill married long-time lover Ann Kurth, Robinson threw thousands of dollars into a crusade to persuade the authorities that his son-in-law was a killer. Noted pathologist Dr. Milton Helpern, hired to conduct a second autopsy, cautiously volunteered his opinion that Joan Hill might have been poisoned.
Under Robinson's relentless badgering, prosecutors scoured legal textbooks, searching for a way to indict Hill. They came up with the extremely rare charge of "murder by omission," in effect, killing someone by deliberate neglect. Assistance came in the unexpected form of Ann Kurth. Hill had ditched her after just nine months of marriage. What Kurth told the district attorney bolstered their decision to indict Hill.
Jury selection began on February 15, 1971. Because of the defendant's undeniably handsome appearance, Assistant District Attorney I.D. McMaster aimed for a predominantly male, middle-class panel, one he thought likely to frown on a wealthy philandering physician. His opponent, chief defense counsel Richard Haynes, quite naturally did his best to sit jurors that he thought would favor his client. In this first battle McMaster emerged a clear victor, securing a jury made up of eleven men and one woman. Haynes wasn't that perturbed. In a long and eventful career he'd overcome bigger obstacles, earning a statewide reputation second to none for tenacity and legal acumen. Not for nothing had he acquired the nickname "Racehorse." It promised to be a memorable contest.
Lynn Moore and Cassandra Banks check plants for disease and bug damage June 19, 2014, at Larriland Farm, Md. Cassandra is a plant pathologist who goes around to farms in Maryland to offer her assistance with keeping the plants healthy, so the family can yield a large crop for years to come.
Pathologist collects blood sample from a female patient at the Alhaj Johurul Islam City Maternity Centre in Mirpur.
ADB Photo | Abir Abdullah
Video: Providing Primary Health Care Services in Urban Bangladesh
Project Result:
Making Health Care Affordable for the Urban Poor in Bangladesh
An Innovative Project Raises Health Standards in Bangladesh
Read more on:
Robert Haldane MAKGILL
C.B.E., M.D., D.P.H.
Born 24th May 1878 Died 3rd Oct. 1946
2nd son of Sir John and Lady Margaret Makgill
M.O. 2nd Gordon Highlanders South Africa 1900-1
LT Col R.A.M.C. [Royal Army Medical Corp] Egypt 1914-18 (C.B.E.)
34 Years service in public health work which he pioneered
A life given for service not self.
In memory of
Agnes Rebecca
Beloved wife of
Hamilton RUTHERFURD
Eldest daughter of
John MAKGILL Bart
Died 14th January 1938
Aged 70
Margaret Isabella
Wife of
John MAKGILL
Of Kemback and Waiuku
Daughter of
Robert HALDANE
Of Perthshire, Scotland
Born January 5th 1847
Died March 18th 1920
Her children arise up and call her blessed
In memory of Joanna
Beloved wife of
Thomas MIDDLETON
Died 18th October 1933 aged 69
Also
Thomas
Beloved husband of
Joanna
Died May 14th 1939
Aged 76
In loving memory of Marion Joyce
Dearly loved wife of
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
And loving mother of April and David
Died 20th September 1959 aged 67 years
Also her dearly loved husband
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
Died 8th May 1981 Aged 84 years
“Father in thy gracious keeping leave we now thy servant sleeping”
ROBERT HALDANE MAKGILL
A fabulous portrait of the man is here
www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/robert-makgill
Robert Haldane Makgill was born on 24 May 1870 at Stirling, Scotland, the son of Margaret Isabella Haldane and her husband, Captain Sir John Makgill of the Royal Engineers. His mother came from a distinguished family: two of her brothers, a sister and a nephew achieved prominence in British public and academic life. Robert also showed unusual intellectual gifts from an early age.
The Makgill family emigrated to New Zealand in 1881 and settled at Waiuku, south of Auckland, where John Makgill took up farming. Robert was educated at a country school near Waiuku, then at Auckland College and Grammar School. As a youth he was a keen yachtsman and won several trophies. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating MB, CM in 1893 with first-class honours. Returning to New Zealand, he was resident surgeon at Auckland Hospital from 1894 to 1896 and honorary bacteriologist in 1897. He went back to Edinburgh to gain his MD in 1899, and completed the diploma in public health from Cambridge University in 1901. By then he had been to South Africa as a civil surgeon attached to the 2nd Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders, and served with the Natal Field Force, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with two clasps.
After returning to Auckland Makgill was district health officer between 1901 and 1904, the first appointed for Auckland under the 1900 Public Health Act. His reports set a high standard for the new Department of Public Health, and were described as 'masterly' by Andrew Balfour and H. H. Scott in their 1924 survey of health problems in the British Empire. In 1902 Makgill reported on a case of bubonic plague in Auckland, with a detailed description of the pathology. His report as district health officer for that year included graphs and tables, with a comprehensive assessment of public health problems in Auckland city and country districts. Makgill's outstanding ability gained him further appointments: as government bacteriologist in Wellington (1904–8), and then as government pathologist (1908–14), and from 1909 as district health officer in Auckland.
A major part of Makgill's work as a district health officer was the testing and improvement of town water supplies. In Auckland in 1914 he investigated a typhoid epidemic; his scrupulous testing and quarantine methods finally traced the infection to a single carrier in a temporary army camp on One Tree Hill. Ironically, one of his nieces, Barbara Makgill, was among the first reported cases, all of which were marked by red flags on a map of the city; after the epidemic he gave Barbara her flag as a souvenir.
After the onset of the First World War in 1914, Makgill was attached to the Royal Army Medical Corps as a temporary captain and in 1915 and 1916 served in the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was made a CBE, but later told his family that the decoration was 'for camel dung and sand': observing that the sand in the camel lines when mixed with camel dung set hard like concrete, he had ordered that the mixture be used for road paving, thereby greatly improving transport and communications.
In 1916 Makgill returned to New Zealand as assistant director of medical services (sanitation) and reported on the outbreaks of pneumonia and meningitis in the military camps at Trentham and Featherston. During the 1918 influenza epidemic he was recalled from the Defence Department when key health officers fell ill, and was largely responsible for dealing with the later phase of the crisis in the Wellington district. While Dr T. H. A. Valintine took leave in 1919–20, Makgill was acting chief health officer, and remained in the Health Department as a senior consultant until his retirement in 1932.
Although not contributing much to the medical journals, Makgill wrote extensively for the annual reports and other Health Department publications. His report on the 1918 influenza epidemic in New Zealand was a model of careful statistical investigation; it argued against the popular belief that the infection had been introduced solely by the Niagara. The crowning achievement of his career as a public health administrator was his expert drafting of the 1920 Health Act, which established the framework of New Zealand's public health system for the next 40 years. He was also involved in drafting the 1925 Nurses and Midwives Registration Act and drafted most of New Zealand's food and drug regulations in the 1920s.
Makgill owned an orchard near Henderson, where his mother lived until her death in 1920, and where he experimented with unusual fruits and vegetables. His best success was with Chinese gooseberries (now better known as kiwifruit). After retiring from the Health Department Makgill regularly visited the United Kingdom, signing on as a ship's doctor on cargo vessels for a nominal salary of one shilling. He stayed with his Haldane relatives at Oxford, where he joined with his uncle, the physiologist Professor Sir John Scott Haldane, in experiments in respiration and the treatment of burns. Barbara Makgill recalls that their arms were 'a mass of scars' from self-inflicted burns as they tried to find the most effective treatment for miners burnt by firedamp (methane) given off by coal. Although he never married, Makgill's keen sense of humour made him a favourite with his nieces and nephews. A stroke partially paralysed his right side not long before he died in Auckland on 3 October 1946, but did not affect his mind.
Robert Makgill deserves to be remembered alongside J. M. Mason, T. H. A. Valintine and J. P. Frengley as one of the architects of New Zealand's public health system in the twentieth century. In almost 30 years in the Health Department he occupied at one time or another all of the senior posts, and his knowledge of New Zealand's public health system was unequalled. [1]
MARGARET ISABELLA MAKGILL nee HALDANE
Extensive family tree
THOMAS MIDDLETON
Area 1 Block H Lot No. 29A
…at his residence 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden… in his seventy-seventh year. Service at St. Barnabas’ Church, to-morrow (Tuesday) at 11 a.m.[2]
JOANNA MIDDLETON
New Zealand Herald, Volume XXIII, Issue 7681, 5 July 1886, Page 4
Marriages
HEELIS-MIDDLETON On July 1 by the Rev. P. J. Riddle, Thomas MIDDLETON, son of the late George MIDDLETON, Esq., of Rosshire, to Joanna HEELIS, adopted daughter of Captain and Mrs. Makgill, Waiuku.[3]
…at her late residence, 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden, Joanna…private interment[4]
Joanna and Thomas daughter Margaret Dorothy died at 11 Windmill Road also on January 6th 1939 and is interred at Waikaraka[5] Area 1 Block EXT Lot No 161B with her sister’s Vere who died 8 June 1949 and Mona MCKENZIE died 13 December 1977 aged 81; also Thomas MIDDLETON’s sister also named Vere who died 4 Dec 1951. [6]
SOURCES:
[1]
Geoffrey W. Rice. 'Makgill, Robert Haldane', from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 12-Nov-2013
URL: www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/biographies/3m39/makgill-robert-haldane
[2]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=AS...
[3]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[4]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[5]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[6]
Auckland Council cemetery database via libraries site: www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/cemeteries/cemetery.html
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) plant pathologist Sally Stetina and technician Kristi Jordan examine cotton roots with a microscope to determine the level of infection by reniform nematode on July 19, 2011. By comparing infection levels in resistant test lines to those in susceptible controls, the scientists can identify lines with the most resistance. USDA photo by Stephen Ausmus.
Participants in CIMMYT's 2010 Wheat Improvement and Pathology Training Program, guided by Julio Huerta (fourth from left), CIMMYT wheat pathologist, examine and take notes on the symptoms present in a set of leaf rust differentials. These are wheat lines with known responses to different leaf rust races, or pathotypes. Pathotypes vary in their virulence to different resistance genes, and so infection types and levels in different lines vary depending on the genes they contain. By codifying the responses of the differentials scientists can determine the pathotype of an unknown isolate of the pathogen.
The training course ran for three months, from 15 February to 14 May 2010, with sixteen participants from eight countries (India, Paraguay, Brazil, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Turkey, and Afghanistan). They program was balanced between theoretical and practical learning, including wheat breeding, pathology and quality, molecular techniques, applied statistics, and participation in hands-on fieldwork such as selections, crossing, and disease screening.
Photo credit: Xochiquetzal Fonseca/CIMMYT.
Participants in CIMMYT's 2011 advanced-level Wheat Improvement and Pathology training program, guided by Julio Huerta (center), CIMMYT wheat pathologist, examine and take notes on seedling infection type in response to wheat leaf rust, stripe rust and stem rust. This greenhouse test helps to detect seedling resistance. If a wheat line shows a susceptible response it may either be susceptible to the disease or carry adult plant resistance (APR). APR often indicates the presence of slow rusting genes that can be combined through breeding to produce materials with durable rust resistance.
The course ran from 15 August to 15 September 2011 and was attended by 24 early- to mid-career scientists from North and East Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America. Its key objective was to improve participants’ knowledge on wheat pathology and the latest wheat breeding technologies, and how these are integrated with other disciplines such as agronomy, statistics, physiology, biotechnology, GIS, and the social sciences. A major focus was to increase participants’ understanding of selection for durable and multiple disease resistance. The program was largely field-oriented, enabling participants to improve teamworking skills and gain confidence in conducting field experiments. Most of the course was conducted at CIMMYT’s El Batán and Toluca stations, but participants also attended the 8th International Symposium on Mycosphaerella and Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals, held in Mexico City during September 11-14.
Photo credit: X. Fonseca/CIMMYT.
For more information, see CIMMYT's blog story at: blog.cimmyt.org/index.php/2011/09/advanced-training-progr....
Autor/in: Unger, Hellmuth
Titel: Virchow: Ein Leben für die Forschung. Roman
Gewicht: 420 g
Verlag: Hamburg: Hoffmann u. Campe
Erschienen: 1953.
Sprache: Deutsch
Kurzinfo: 314 S., 1 Titelbild : Mit 7 Abb.; Lw. 8°, gebundene Ausgabe
CIMMYT wheat scientists Sybil Herrera-Foessel (far right) and David Bonnett (far left) talk with leading Australian grain farmers during a visit to the center's El Batán, Mexico headquarters, discussing wheat rust resistance research funded by Australia’s Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC). CIMMYT hosted the group at its Toluca and El Batán stations between 19 and 22 August 2011, as part of a tour of farms, private and public research institutes and grain processing facilities in Singapore, UK, France, Canada, USA, and Mexico, which was supported by GRDC. GRDC recognizes CIMMYT's past and current contributions to higher and more stable wheat yields in Australia and invests in CIMMYT research.
Photo credit: X. Fonseca/CIMMYT.
For more information, see CIMMYT's blog story at: blog.cimmyt.org/index.php/2011/08/key-australian-farmers-....
On Tuesday, March 18, 1969, Joan Hill, a 38-year-old Houston, Texas, socialite, became violently ill for no readily apparent reason. Her husband, Dr. John Hill, at first indifferent, later drove her at a leisurely pace several miles to a hospital in which he had a financial interest, passing many other medical facilities on the way. When checked by admitting physicians, Joan's blood pressure was dangerously low, 60/40. Attempts to stabilize her failed and the next morning she died. The cause of death was uncertain. Some thought pancreatitis; others opted for hepatitis.
Joan's father, Ash Robinson, a crusty and extremely wealthy oilman, remained convinced that his daughter had been murdered. Neither was he reticent about naming the culprit: John Hill. When, just three months after Joan's death, Hill married long-time lover Ann Kurth, Robinson threw thousands of dollars into a crusade to persuade the authorities that his son-in-law was a killer. Noted pathologist Dr. Milton Helpern, hired to conduct a second autopsy, cautiously volunteered his opinion that Joan Hill might have been poisoned.
Under Robinson's relentless badgering, prosecutors scoured legal textbooks, searching for a way to indict Hill. They came up with the extremely rare charge of "murder by omission," in effect, killing someone by deliberate neglect. Assistance came in the unexpected form of Ann Kurth. Hill had ditched her after just nine months of marriage. What Kurth told the district attorney bolstered their decision to indict Hill.
Jury selection began on February 15, 1971. Because of the defendant's undeniably handsome appearance, Assistant District Attorney I.D. McMaster aimed for a predominantly male, middle-class panel, one he thought likely to frown on a wealthy philandering physician. His opponent, chief defense counsel Richard Haynes, quite naturally did his best to sit jurors that he thought would favor his client. In this first battle McMaster emerged a clear victor, securing a jury made up of eleven men and one woman. Haynes wasn't that perturbed. In a long and eventful career he'd overcome bigger obstacles, earning a statewide reputation second to none for tenacity and legal acumen. Not for nothing had he acquired the nickname "Racehorse." It promised to be a memorable contest.
2016 S 2590 Riga5d MuzMedicine_204 Riga 6573 MuzMedRiga M. Zaurs. Prof. Dr. Rūdolfs Virhovs 1949. gods.. Bronza . Latvija. Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow
Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow 13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician, known for his advancement of public health. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" because his work helped to discredit humourism, bringing more science to medicine. He is also known as the founder of social medicine and veterinary pathology, and to his colleagues, the "Pope of medicine".
Born and raised in Schievelbein (Świdwin) as an only child of a working-class family, he proved to be a brilliant student. Dissuaded by his weak voice, he abandoned his initial interest in theology and turned to medicine. With the help of a special military scholarship, he earned his medical degree from Friedrich-Wilhelms Institute (Humboldt University of Berlin) under the tutelage of Johannes Peter Müller. He worked at the Charité hospital under Robert Froriep, whom he eventually succeeded as the prosector.
Although he failed to contain the 1847–1848 typhus epidemic in Upper Silesia, his report laid the foundation for public health in Germany, as well as his political and social activities. From it, he coined a well known aphorism: "Medicine is a social science, and politics is nothing else but medicine on a large scale". He participated in the Revolution of 1848, which led to his expulsion from Charité the next year. He published a newspaper Die medicinische Reform (Medical Reform) during this period to disseminate his social and political ideas. He took the first Chair of Pathological Anatomy at the University of Würzburg in 1849. After five years, Charité invited him back to direct its newly built Institute for Pathology, and simultaneously becoming the first Chair of Pathological Anatomy and Physiology at Berlin University. The campus of Charité is now named Campus Virchow Klinikum. He cofounded the political party Deutsche Fortschrittspartei, by which he was elected to the Prussian House of Representatives, and won a seat in the Reichstag. His opposition to Otto von Bismarck's financial policy resulted in an anecdotal "Sausage Duel" between the two. But he ardently supported Bismarck in his anti-Catholic campaigns, the social revolution he himself named as Kulturkampf ("culture struggle").
A prolific writer, he produced scientific writings alone exceeding 2,000 in number. Among his books, Cellular Pathology published in 1858 is regarded as the root of modern pathology. This work also popularised the third dictum in cell theory: Omnis cellula e cellula ("All cells come from cells"); although his idea originated in 1855. He founded journals such as Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin (now Virchows Archiv), and Zeitschrift für Ethnologie (Journal of Ethnology). The latter is published by German Anthropological Association and the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory, the societies of which he also founded.
Virchow was the first to precisely describe and give names of diseases such as leukemia, chordoma, ochronosis, embolism, and thrombosis. He coined scientific terms, chromatin, agenesis, parenchyma, osteoid, amyloid degeneration, and spina bifida. His description of the transmission cycle of a roundworm Trichinella spiralis established the importance of meat inspection, which was started in Berlin. He developed the first systematic method of autopsy involving surgery of all body parts and microscopic examination. A number of medical terms are named after him, including Virchow's node, Virchow–Robin spaces, Virchow–Seckel syndrome, and Virchow's triad. He was the first to use hair analysis in criminal investigation, and recognised its limitations. His laborious analyses of the hair, skin, and eye colour of school children made him criticise the Aryan race concept as a myth.
He was an ardent anti-evolutionist. He referred to Charles Darwin as an "ignoramus" and his own student Ernst Haeckel, the leading advocate of Darwinism in Germany, as a "fool". He discredited the original specimen of Neanderthal man as nothing but that of a deformed human, and not an ancestral species. He was an agnostic.
In 1861, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1892, he was awarded the Copley Medal of the British Royal Society. He was elected to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1873; he declined an offer of ennoblement.
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Scarce single collector card, as issued in 1938 by Gutermann of Belgium.
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Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow, né le 13 octobre 1821 à Schivelbein (aujourd'hui Świdwin), en Poméranie, décédé le 5 septembre 1902 à Berlin) est un médecin pathologiste et homme politique allemand, considéré comme l'un des fondateurs de l'anatomie pathologique moderne. Il effectua l'essentiel de sa carrière à l'hôpital de la Charité de Berlin, se faisant le promoteur d'une médecine strictement orientée vers les sciences naturelles. En tant qu'homme politique, il fut l'un des représentants du parti progressiste allemand.
Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow, born October 13, 1821 at Schivelbein (now Swidwin), Pomerania, died September 5, 1902 in Berlin) is a pathologist and German politician, considered one of the founders of the anatomy pathological modern. He made most of his career at the Charité hospital in Berlin, making the promoter medicine strictly oriented towards natural sciences. As a politician, he was a representative of the German Progressive Party.
In Nepal, throughout the year, teams of 6-8 trained speech pathologists and therapists organize speech camps in each of the five peripheral sites surrounding Kathmandu. Speech camps are provided for former cleft palate patients in order to improve their speech, which many times doesn’t developed properly due to their clefts. During these camps, each cleft palate patient and one guardian are housed for nearly a week and undergo intensive yet fun speech training involving both individual and group sessions. The parents and guardians are taught how to give daily speech exercises and therapy between the monthly sessions. Group sessions, singing, dancing, and games are all integral parts of the camp with the focus on improving both speech and self-esteem.