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The More You Know 008 - Ambergris - Then and Now by Johnny El-Rady

Article 1 :

archive.org/details/modern-mechanix-1934.06/page/64/mode/2up

Article 2 :

www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/04/las-palmas-pa...

Just in case the link gets broken (now or later), here’s the entire article:

“Pathologist finds €500,000 ‘floating gold’ in dead whale in Canary Islands

Team hope sale of block of rare ambergris, used by perfumers, will help victims of 2021 La Palma volcano

Stephen Burgen in Barcelona

Tue 4 Jul 2023 10.28 EDTLast modified on Tue 4 Jul 2023 21.31 EDT

When a sperm whale washed up dead on a beach in the Canary Island of La Palma no one imagined a valuable treasure was hidden in its entrails.

Heavy seas and a rising tide made it difficult to carry out a postmortem, but Antonio Fernández Rodríguez, head of the institute of animal health and food security at the University of Las Palmas, was determined to find out why the whale had died.

Suspecting a digestive problem, he inspected the animal’s colon – and felt something hard stuck to that part of the intestine. “What I took out was a stone about 50-60cm in diameter weighing 9.5kg,” he said. “The waves were washing over the whale. Everyone was watching when I returned to the beach but they didn’t know that what I had in my hands was ambergris.”

Academics inspecting the dead sperm whale in Las Palmas. Photograph: Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Ambergris is a rare substance, often known as floating gold, that has been the holy grail of perfumers for centuries. The lump Fernández held in his hand was worth about €500,000 (£430,000).

The origin of ambergris, produced by about one in 100 sperm whales, was only solved when large-scale whaling began in the early 19th century. Whales eat large quantities of squid and cuttlefish, most of which cannot be digested and is vomited out. But some remains, and over the years binds together in the whale’s intestines to form ambergris.

This is sometimes excreted, which is why ambergris is most commonly found floating in the sea. But sometimes, as in the case of the whale in La Palma, it grows too large, rupturing the intestine and killing the whale.

Ambergris has a woody scent like sandalwood but also contains ambrein, an odourless alcohol that can fix and extend the life of scents, hence its popularity among perfumers.

The US, Australia and India have banned the trade in ambergris as part of the ban on hunting and exploiting whales.

Fernández, who has conducted autopsies on more than 1,000 whales, said sepsis caused by the ambergris killed the whale.

The institute is looking for a buyer, and Fernández said they hoped funds raised would go towards helping victims of the volcano that erupted on La Palma in 2021, which caused more than €800m (£685m) in damage and destroyed hundreds of homes and businesses.

“The law is different in every country,” Fernández said. “In our case, I hope the money will go to the island of La Palma, where the whale ran aground and died.”

In one of his many digressions in Moby-Dick, the novelist Herman Melville dedicates an entire chapter to ambergris, which he describes as “soft, waxy, and so highly fragrant and spicy, that it is largely used in perfumery … Who would think, then, that such fine ladies and gentlemen should regale themselves with an essence found in the inglorious bowels of a sick whale! Yet so it is!””

Ruth Colvin Starrett McGuire (1893-1950) by Smithsonian Institution

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Creator: United States Dept. of Agriculture

Subject: McGuire, Ruth (Colvin) 1893-1950

Indiana University

United States Bureau of Plant Industry

Type: Black-and-white photographs

Topic: Plant diseases

Women scientists

Botany

Local number: SIA Acc. 90-105 [SIA2009-3755]

Summary: Ruth Colvin Starrett McGuire (1893-1950) was a plant pathologist known for her work on sugar cane diseases. She attended Indiana University (A.B., 1914; M.A., 1916) and worked at the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Plant Industry from 1919 until at least 1948

Cite as: Acc. 90-105 - Science Service, Records, 1920s-1970s, Smithsonian Institution Archives

Persistent URL:Link to data base record

Repository:Smithsonian Institution Archives

View more collections from the Smithsonian Institution.

pathologist (1/3) by Mightyhorse

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1902. Pioneer Forest Entomologists and Forest Pathologists. L-R: J.L. Webb, Asst. Forest Expert; Dr. Hermann VonSchrenk, in charge of Forest Pathology; Burns, Asst. in Forest Pathology; Dr. A.D. Hopkins, Forest Insect Investigations. Black Hills, SD. by R6, State & Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection

Pioneer Forest Entomologists and Forest Pathologists.

L-R: J.L. Webb, Assistant Forest Expert; Dr. Hermann VonSchrenk, in charge of Forest Pathology, Bureau of Plant Industry; Burns, Assistant in Forest Pathology; Dr. A.D. Hopkins, in charge of Forest Insect Investigations. Black Hills, South Dakota.

Photo by: Unknown

Date: July 1902

Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.

Source: H.E. Burke Collection digital files; Regional Office; Portland, Oregon.

This photo and the following excerpt are from:

H.E. Burke. 1946. My Recollections of the First Years in Forest Entomology. Berkeley, California. 37 p. www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/recollections-on-forest...

"The epidemic of the Black Hills Beetle, which ran from about 1898 to 1907 in South Dakota, was the first case of western bark beetle depredations to receive serious attention from foresters. It resulted in the heavy killing of ponderosa pine. The Black Hills outbreak so impressed Gifford Pinchot that he took aggressive action which finally resulted in the establishment of the Division of Forest Insect Investigations.

As a result of the studies that were made in the Black Hills, control methods were devised and a limited amount of control work was done. The epidemic soon subsided, however, and no field stations were set up for continued studies in this area."

For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources

Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth

Lucia McCulloch (1873-1955) by Smithsonian Institution

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Subject: McCulloch, Lucia 1873-1955

United States Bureau of Plant Industry

Type: Black-and-white photographs

Date: 1913

Topic: Botany

Plant diseases

Women scientists

Local number: SIA Acc. 90-105 [SIA2008-5632]

Summary: Lucia McCulloch (1873-1955) was an assistant pathologist in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Plant Industry, where she worked on crown gall and gladiolus diseases and pests and collaborated with botanist Nellie Adalesa Brown

Cite as: Acc. 90-105 - Science Service, Records, 1920s-1970s, Smithsonian Institution Archives

Persistent URL:Link to data base record

Repository:Smithsonian Institution Archives

View more collections from the Smithsonian Institution.

pathologist by last-light.new

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Sony Nex-5N with Nikon AFS 14-24 /2.8

Elise Depew Strang L'Esperance (1878-1959) by Smithsonian Institution

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Subject: L'Esperance, Elise Depew Strang 1878-1959

Macfarlane, Catherine

Cornell University

Type: Black-and-white photographs

Date: 1951

Topic: Women scientists

Medicine

Cancer--Research

Local number: SIA Acc. 90-105 [SIA2008-5264]

Summary: Elise Depew Strang L'Esperance (1878-1959), Cornell University, shown here in 1951 with her Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award, was a pioneer in cancer treatment for women and had received the award jointly with Catherine Macfarlane. She earned an M.D. in 1902 but by 1908 had shifted from medical practice to research, becoming professor of pathology at Cornell University Medical College in 1920. In 1937, she founded the first cancer clinic focused on treatment of women

Cite as: Acc. 90-105 - Science Service, Records, 1920s-1970s, Smithsonian Institution Archivess

Persistent URL:Link to data base record

Repository:Smithsonian Institution Archives

View more collections from the Smithsonian Institution.

Five Facts about The New US TV Series "Zoo" by Huma Khan

Billy Burke is the animal pathologists: The actor, known as Bella‘s father from the “Twilight” movies, it takes in “Zoo” in with lions and rampaging dogs. The fact that real animals were used for the US series, made even before the broadcast of a massive...

www.newerfeed.net/five-facts-about-the-new-us-tv-series-zoo/

24Seven: Ozone Garden 09:01 EDT by NASA Earth Right Now

Aura’s deputy project scientist, Dr. Bryan Duncan, consults with plant pathologist Dr. John Skelly as they prepare the ozone garden beds for NASA Goddard’s Ozone Garden. This bio-indicator garden is designed to detect and monitor ozone stress on sensitive and tolerant plants. Visitors to the garden can learn about atmospheric chemistry, satellite observations, and public health. aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/outreach/ozonegarden.html

Image credit: NASA GSFC/Ginger Butcher

Laura #596 by Bob Dein

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This picture is #596 in my 100 strangers project. Find out more about the project and see pictures taken by other photographers at the 100 Strangers Flickr Group page

Laura was sipping a cup in front of my spot: Pastry Art. Her hair caught my eye, and I told her so. A bit reluctant at first, she was reassured when Nick, the cop, walked by and said, “Hi, Bob.” Laura said that apparently I wasn't a mass murderer, and agreed to be photographed. Actually, she was very agreeable and interesting. She is from 'all over', including North Carolina, Tennessee, Oregon, and a few other choice spots.

She moved to Sarasota three years ago and set up an outpatient practice; Laura is a psychiatrist. When I told her that I was a reformed (retired) pathologist, we had quite a bit to talk about. Laura invited me to the weekly meeting of the “Do Nothing Club” at another coffee shop. I plan to give it a try.

As often, I shot two quick bursts of 3-5 images. Blinking, therefore, is a non-issue. And sometimes (like here) there are micro gestures that change over a second or two. The posted image and first comment were taken within two seconds. The slight changes seem meaningful, to me.

Thank you, Laura, for allowing me to photograph you for the 100 Strangers Flickr group.

June 01, 2016 at 06:06PM by rdubaton

Contrary to what you might think from our tour today, or my Instagram profile @Rebekah_g_yoga (if you checked it out!), my passions are not merely confined to motorcycles and yoga. Oh, no! I’m equally enthusiastic about my full-time job at a Veterinary Clinical Pathologist. I attended veterinary school at #NCSU and then did a residency at the #universityofflorida (accounting for my 3 non-NC resident years). As a veterinary pathologist, I read samples that your vet might collect from your pets, zoo animals, research animals and pretty much any type of animal a vet can get their hands on! I look at stained cells on slides and try to make a diagnosis so that the vet can help the animal get better (or, at least, provide the very best, most appropriate care until it’s time to say good bye). If you want to look at more images of the sorts of cases I see, check out @pixcellated who also works for my company and has an amazing collection for your enjoyment. I’m a licensed veterinarian in North Carolina, which allows me to volunteer as a surgeon for #operationcatnip where we examine, spay/neuter, and vaccinate feral cats as part of a Trap, Neuter, and Release (TNR) program. / on Instagram www.instagram.com/p/BGIMXCBjh8Y/

The Dollmaker (Forgotten Files) by gadget giga

Dr. Tessa McGowan had never seen anything quite like it. But the mutilated bodies on her exam table tell a stunningly macabre tale: someone with a twisted mind is kidnapping women and altering their faces to resemble real, life-size dolls. As a forensic pathologist, it’s her job to aid the agent ...

www.gadgetgiga.com/product/the-dollmaker-forgotten-files/

Pathology 2016 getting organized by Isaac Kohane

Combating wheat disease in partnership in Bangladesh by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

Dr. P.K Malaker, principal scientific officer, examines wheat samples for signs of fungal growth in the plant pathology laboratory of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute's Wheat Research Centre in Dinajpur. He has seen the intensity of disease in South Asia increase at firsthand, as climate change causes warm, humid winters that generate increased disease pressure and allow new diseases to emerge.

CIMMYT works in partnership with local institutions like this across the world, with scientists working hand-in-hand to develop disease resistant wheat varieties. The expertise and genetic resources that CIMMYT provides are invaluable in the global battle against disease.

In Bangladesh the Wheat Research Centre is a key CIMMYT partner, in a collaboration that helps reach farmers with improved varieties, technologies and practices.

Photo credit: S. Mojumder/Drik/CIMMYT.

For the latest on CIMMYT in Bangladesh, see CIMMYT's blog at: blog.cimmyt.org/?tag=bangladesh.

Barberry eradication program begins by University of Minnesota Department of Plant Pathology

The catastrophic stem rust epidemic in the spring wheats in 1916 forced pathologists to take stock of stem rust and the means of control. Prior to 1916, it was firmly concluded that barberries were responsible for early, local epidemics on grasses and nearby wheat. The Division of Plant Pathology and Botany made a major contribution to the initiation and prosecution of the federal-state barberry eradication campaign starting around 1918.

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The Living Legacy Project

Bee-eaters, 2014 June 27, I bra, Sultanate of Oman by Nasser Maskari

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The empty sands of Oman make an unlikely, but ideal, destination for a birdwatching trip

You’re going bird watching in Oman?” asked friends in that special tone adopted for the near insane. “What on earth can you hope to see in all that desert?” But birders appreciate a challenge, and anyway, even desert countries have their oases, where grateful migrants crowd leafy short-stay hotels.

As I strolled the somewhat scruffy garden of the Al Ghaftain guest house at Qitbit, on the fringes of the Rub’ al Khali or “empty quarter” (the desert that dominates Oman’s interior), I remembered the cynics’ words as I met some fellow travelersa. Half a dozen blue-cheeked bee eaters fortified themselves for the next stage of their migratory journey by flying around us, sometimes zooming to ankle height and up again, catching the insects whose attentions we had excited. A bluethroat huddled beneath one bush, a green warbler in another. And for me there was a special excitement.

heard a cuckoo. But I had never seen one, and with the number of cuckoos in Britain having fallen by 90 per cent my chances of doing so were declining fast. If you do catch a glimpse of a cuckoo in Britain, it will probably disappear rapidly. Here in the desert, the migrating common cuckoo we encountered was too dazed by its exertions to do more than stare balefully back. It was at Qitbit, too, that I saw my first wryneck, a bird I have sought for 30 years at home. The only worry was the sleekness of five patrolling cats in the garden: the exhaustion of the migrants makes life too easy for them.

Nearly 500 species of bird have been recorded in Oman, some residents, some just passing through on their way to sunny but better-watered breeding grounds in Africa. The best way of seeing them is to join up, as I did, with a group of birders led by an expert organization such as Birdquest. Leader Mike Watson had two driver assistants, both expert spotters, and our party of 12 travelled in three four-wheel drive vehicles, on and frequently off road. We began in the capital, Muscat, and meandered over two weeks via mountains and coast to the southern city of Salalah.

On the way to Qitbit we had passed tough little desert larks at the roadside. They were eking out a living on the seeds of scrub bushes while handsome bobbing desert wheatears provided their sentry security. Red-necked ravens soared above and we occasionally encountered a hoopoe lark, an amazing little bird whose plumage merges perfectly with the sand. In spring, it courts the female by soaring into the air, then folding its black and white wings and diving down vertically, only re-opening its parachute again just before it hits the ground. There must be easier ways.

Walking in the desert, I discovered, whether through soft sand, rocky scree or ravine, gives you an extraordinary sense of optimism and renewal. Withered little plants cling to some kind of life and suddenly burst forth into vivid tiny lime green leaves or yellow flowers. Suddenly, on the horizon, you catch a glimpse of a wary desert gazelle or a fleet-footed hare. And perhaps, as we did with the aid of bird-spotters’ telescopes, you may happen across a flock of sandgrouse. We found one group of 48 spotted sandgrouse fussing along, feeding on imperceptible seed-scraps with the self-important air of Rotarians at an aldermen’s dinner. Amazingly, the handsomely marked males will fly 30 miles to a waterhole and soak their breast-feathers in water, which they take back to slake the thirst of the young on the nest.

Travel through the desert is not always easy. There are road signs to warn of camels ahead but these beasts, proceeding at their own pace, laconically chewing and unflinchingly meeting your gaze, don’t have any lane discipline.

©Robin Oakley

Birders looking at verreaux’s eagles and fan-tailed ravens in the Dhofar mountains

Trying to board a 15-car ferry to the island of Masirah, we arrived first on the jetty. But tickets and queuing seemed a foreign concept to the other passengers. In yelling bedlam, 50 vehicles converged and jostled to crowd on the boat. We only secured the last space because I stood in front of a Toyota pick-up loaded with goats and defied the driver to run me down.

The trip was then cancelled because of rough seas and that night we had to evacuate our hotel because of rising waters. Yes, as ridiculous as it may sound, the desert flooded. Cars were swept away in the wadis and cross-desert roads were submerged. The migrating birds were not so much beaten down by the sun as buffeted by the rains.

The birders took it all in their stride. They are mostly obsessive's whose only thought is to tick off the next “lifer” on their list. Two of the friendly bunch I travelled with, a computer expert from Texas and a clinical pathologist from California, had “life lists” of more than 8,000 birds (of the roughly 10,500 available in the world). One had visited more than 85 countries, most of them several times, in amassing his list. After we had seen the grey hypocolius, a neat but by no means exciting bird that he needed to see to complete his trip list of possibles, he phoned the airport and flew out at 2am the next day, mission accomplished.

A blue-cheeked bee eater

I saw more than a hundred birds in Oman that were new to me. The advantage of travelling with experienced birders is that you won’t miss much. Birding is a pre-dawn to post-dusk activity (and then you might be out with torches looking for owls and nightjars) with no time for conventional tourism. “Oh, was that really the Queen of Sheba’s Palace they are excavating?” Birders have their own protocol – “Peter first to the scope please, it’s a lifer for him” – and there are said to be birder partnerships where husbands and wives don’t record a “life tick” until the other has seen the bird too, for fear of putting an intolerable strain on the marriage.

As well as desert a-plenty, Oman has a long coast with mountains and estuaries, farms and lagoons. Take a good camera and you will have wonderful memories from a birding trip. I won’t forget the sight of 400 eagles filling the sky above Salalah rubbish dump, of spoonbills, flamingos and ibises in profusion stuffing themselves in mud flats, of thousands of gulls, terns and waders taking to the air in a feathered swirl as a harrier beat along the beach. You might see 20 green blue and yellow bee eaters on a leafless tree, temporarily decorating it like Christmas ornaments, or a flock of little Indian silver bills clinging precariously to swaying stems of alfalfa. And you might witness, as we did, a positively primeval scrap between an eagle and a feral dog defending her puppy. After even a day’s desert birding, you will never underestimate the instinct for survival.

Source : www.ft.com/cms/s/2/0c75b308-7731-11e1-baf3-00144feab49a.html

Helen Chambers, pathologist at Endell Street Military Hospital by LSE Library

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Mei Xiang Vocalizing 9.23.2012, approx. 9:17 a.m. by Smithsonian's National Zoo

Video Credit: Smithsonian's National Zoo

In this video: Panda keepers and volunteers heard Mei Xiang make a distress vocalization at approx. 9:17 a.m.

Pathologists at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo performed a necropsy (animal autopsy) Sept. 23 on the six-day-old giant panda cub that died earlier that morning. A final pathology report will provide more information in the next few weeks, but the preliminary report suggests two potential abnormalities: moderate levels of fluid in the cub’s abdomen and an area of hardness in the liver. The significance of these findings is not yet clear. The veterinary and pathology team will continue to work closely during the ongoing histological evaluation.

The giant panda cub born Sept. 16 appeared to be female. At the time of death, she weighed a little less than 100 grams, about four ounces. There were no signs of trauma, external or internal, her heart and lungs appeared healthy and normal, and a small amount of milk was found in the cub’s gastrointestinal tract, which suggests that she nursed. The mortality rate for pandas in their first year of age in human care is 26 percent for males and 20 percent for females. Note that some early mortality rates may be underestimated.

The panda team continues to the cub’s mother monitor Mei Xiang via the Panda Cam. She appeared to sleep well last night. Watchers noticed her cradling an object, as she did before to the birth of the cub. Scientists and keepers believe this is an expression of her natural mothering instinct.

Mei Xiang is moving around this morning, and the panda team was able to weigh her. She weighs 217 pounds, which is less than her regular weight but normal for a mother who has not eaten (Mei Xiang had not left her den in more than a week). She ate most of her normal diet (some bamboo, fruit and biscuits) and drank some water this morning, and Zoo veterinarians took a blood sample and a vaginal culture to confirm the state of her health. Zoo staff fully anticipate that she’ll return to her normal behaviors soon. Once this happens, visitors will be able to enter the David M. Rubenstein Giant Panda Habitat.

The Zoo will continue to work closely with Chinese colleagues and share the information it has learned about giant panda reproduction and cub health. No decisions will be made about Mei Xiang and Tian Tian’s future at the National Zoo until Mei Xiang’s behavior returns to normal.

The Panda Cam, sponsored by Ford Motor Company Fund, will remain on so panda enthusiasts around the world can continue to watch Mei Xiang and Tian Tian.

# # #

Woman with Colorful Hijab by Ed Uthman

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Attending the IAP Congress in Montreal.

Iniim by Poupetta

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I met him at the Hanami Festival where lots of people were celebrating the cherry blossoms, Sakura, although the flowers were already gone.

He was sitting on the grass amidst his friends when I saw him and T.K. and stopped to ask my question.

Iniim is 18 about to turn 19 very soon. He studies in the same vocational college as T.K. does, but Iniim studies mechanics.

Iniim was born in Finland and spent most of his childhood moving from place to place.

"We would barely live in one place for longer than a year. It was tough always being the new kid, but the older you get the kinder people are towards the new ones.

"I'm studying to become a mechanic. Originally I was in high school but had to drop out. Planning on someday going back and becoming a forensic pathologist.

Iniim likes to draw as a hobby.

"What is your message to the world?"

"Please be kind to those who are different. Get to know us, we are often the funnest people you'll ever meet."

"And what is your struggle / challenge right now?"

"Severe insomnia and OCD.

Insomnia is really hard to deal with, but I've learned to spend sleepless nights doing something constructive. Like knitting. I have knitted a whole bunch and just started making a blanket for my younger brother.

"I'm struggling to do basic day to day things. I hate how my face and eyes are asymmetrical, like most people, and sometimes I just find it really hard to even look in the mirror.

Most people have a asymmetrical face, but my OCD includes being obsessive over symmetry. It'll get better eventually though.

"I'm trying to stay positive that someday I can have these under control."

I wondered about Iniim's name.

"Iniim was this name I started using for my instagram and tumblr some years back. I can't recall where it came from and it basically is just gibberish."

This is my 262nd submission to The Human Family group.

Visit the group here to see more portraits and stories: www.flickr.com/groups/thehumanfamily.

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 16, Nos. 1-6, 1922 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 16, Nos. 1-6, 1922

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1922-01

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

PREFACE v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Mosquito eradication.

By Commander A. H. Allen, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1

Hospital morale.

By Colonel E. L. Munson, Medical Corps, U. S. A 8

The pathologist as an essential factor in clinical diagnosis.

By Lieutenant Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, U. S. N 14

Tonsillectomy, a surgical procedure.

By Commander G. B. Trible, Medical Corps, U. S. N 17

Cholelithiasis.

By Lieutenant Commander W. A. Brums, Medical Corps, U. S. N.R. F 25

HISTORICAL :

With Anson to Juan Fernandez, Part I.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N 35

EDITORIAL:

U. S. Naval Medical Bulletin —On a correspondence course for Naval

Medical Officers —On The Danger Of Using Strong Solutions Of Phenol In The Ear 43

IN MEMORIAM:

Andrew Reginold Wentworth, 1859-1921 49

HONORS AND DISTINCTIONS 51

CLINICAL NOTES :

BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA AND BRONCHOSTENOSIS FOLLOWING APPENDECTOMY.

By Lieutenant Commander I. W. Jacobs, Medical Corps, U. S. N_ 57

Report of four surgical cases.

By Lieutenant Commander J. J. A. McMullin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 58

Chronic cholecystitis.

By Lieutenant C. S. Norburn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 63

One hundred mastoid operations.

By Lieutenant J. W. Green, Medical Corps, U. S. N 89

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine. — Study of transfused blood.— Oral administration of

pituitary extract. —Causes and treatment of high blood pressure.—Pernicious

anemia. —Differential diagnosis between varicella and variola. — Predisposing

factor in diphtheria. —Chronic nephritis 71

Surgery. —First-aid work on shore with Royal Naval Division. — Surgery

of naval wounded in hospital yachts and small craft. —Non-surgical drainage of

the biliary tract S9 Tropical medicine. —Course of migration of ascaris larvae.

—Treatment of fluke diseases. —Laboratory observations on malaria. — Leprosy.

—Tuberculosis in Hongkong. —Feeding habits of stegomyia calopus. —Mononuclear

leucocyte count in malaria 97

Chemistry. —Experimental studies in diabetes. —Experimental studies in

diabetes. —Experiments on raw white of egg. —Antiscorbutic action of raw

potato. —Diet in hyperthyroidism. —Botulism. — Pituitary extract and histamine

in diabetes insipidus. —Protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. —Urine in pellagra.

—Acidosis in operative surgery. —Fats and Lipoids in blood after hemorrhage. —

Albumin, lymphocytic cells, and tubercle bacilli in sputum. — Nitrous oxide and

cholemia.— Lipoids in treatment of drug addiction disease.— Modification of

action of adrenaline by chloroform. — Anesthetic and convulsant effects of

gasoline vapors. —Absorption of local anesthetics through the genito-urlnary

organs. — Occult blood in the feces. —lTse of iodine for disinfecting the skin.

— Food value of various fats. —Chloride metabolism. —Urine hemolysis

coefficient. —Hemolytic substances in human urine. — Glucemia and glucosuria.

—Pharmacology of some benzyl esters.—Indican In water as an aid to hygienic

water analysis. —Relation of dextrose of blood to antipyrine. — Toxic effects

of chlorine antiseptics in

dogs. —Reaction to epiuephrin administered by rectum. — Renal

excretion. — Effect of water diuresis on the elimination of certain urinary

constituents 100

Eye, eak, nose, and throat. —Eye disease due to syphilis and trypanosomiasis

among negroes of Africa. —Lung abscess following tonsillectomy 111

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Montaigne and medicine. —Venereal prophylaxis in Pacific Fleet. —

Benzyl benzoate. — Expedition of London School of Tropical Medicine to British

Guiana. —National board of medical examiners. — Papers by naval medical

officers. —Chaulmoogra oil in tuberculosis.—An operating room 100 years ago ,

133

NURSE CORPS :

Instruction at Oteen.

By Miss E. L. Hehir, Chief Nurse, U. S. N 121

Letter From Surgeon General To Director Of Department Of Nursing,

American Red Cross 122

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 125

BOOK NOTICES 131

QUERIES 139

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 141

Number 2

PREFACE v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Size of the normal heart, a teleroentgen study.

By Commander H. W. Smith and Lieutenant Commander W. A. Bloedorn,

Medical Corps, U. S. N 218 Physical development of midshipmen.

By Lieutenant E. B. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 239

Some elements of leadership.

By E. L. Munson, Colonel, Medical Corps, U. S. A 251

HISTORICAL:

With Anson to Juan Fernandez, part II.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N 265

EDITORIAL :

On the making of abstracts —on the expression of visual acuity in

medical reports 280

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

A FORM " X " CARD.

By Captain A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, U. S. N 283

CLINICAL NOTES :

Results of refraction of seventy-six midshipmen.

By Lieutenant F. A. Hughes, Medical Corps, U. S. N 285

Recurrence in a case of hydatid disease.

By Lieutenant C. S. Norburn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 288

A DIAGNOSTIC SIGN DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN ERUPTIONS CAUSED BY COWPOX

VACCINATION AND THOSE DUE TO SMALLPOX AND CHICKEN POX.

By Commander P. R. Stalnaker, Medical Corps, U. S. N 290

Report of three "hallux valgus" (bunion ) operations, using Mayo's

technique.

By Commander A. H. Robnett, Medical Corps, U. S. N 291

REPORTS :

The hospital standardization program of the American College of Surgeons.

By Commander R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, U. S. N 293

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES.

General Medicine. —Chronic myocarditis and its management. — Experiments

on the preservation of lemon juice and prevention of scurvy. —Scurvy : A system

of prevention for a polar expedition based on present-day knowledge. —Venous

puncture by means of steel needles.— Wassermann reaction 301

Surgery. —First aid work on shore with Royal Naval Division.— Hypertrophic

tuberculosis of the ileocecal region. —Importance of examination of patients by

the anesthetist previous to anesthesia. —Experimental and histological

investigation of rectal fistulas. —Treatment of fractures of the humerus by

suspension and traction. — Fractures of the head and neck of the radius 310

Tropical Medicine.—Oriental Sores. —Afebrile quartan malaria with

urticaria. —Three schistosomes in Natal which possibly attack man.—Cultivation

of trichomonas hominis. —Acute bacillnry dysentery. —Monilias of the

gastro-intestinal tract in relationship to sprue.—Hookworm infection in Brazil.

—Relapsing fever in Panama. —Treatment of kala-azar with some antimonial

preparations. —Human infection with Isospora hominis. —Etiology of gangosa and

its relation to papulocircinate yaws 324 Physiological Chemistry. —Ion

migration between cells and plasma. —Experimental rickets in rats. —Extraction

and concentration of vitamines. —Respiration and blood alkali during carbon

monoxide asphyxia. —Antiketogenesis. —The Effect of heat and oxidation upon

antiscorbutic vitamine.—Production of rickets by diets low in phosphorus and

fat-soluble A. vitamines. —Effect of muscular exercise upon certain common

blood constituents. — Comparative influence of green and dried plant tissue,

cabbage, orange juice, and cod liver oil on calcium assimilation. —Method for

the determination of sugar in normal urine. —Parathyroids and creatinine.

—Variations in the acid-base balance of the blood. — Thiocyanate content of the

saliva and urine in pellagra 329

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.—Use of scarlet red emulsion in atrophic

rhinitis (ozena). Accessory sinus blindness 329

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Spiders in Medicine. —Meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology

and Oto-laryngology. —Meeting of the American Dietetic Association. —Japanese

medical world. —Some submarine notes. — School of Tropical Medicine at

Calcutta. —Army method of han dling syphilis. —Prophylactic vaccination for the

prevention of pneumonia 339

NURSE CORPS 351

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 353

BOOK NOTICES 355

QUERIES 361

NOTES ON PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, PREVENTIVE MEDICINE STATISTICS, LETTERS,

ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION, MOVE MENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 363

Number 3

PREFACE v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Revaccination Against Smallpox And A Discussion Of Immunity Following

Cowpox Vaccination.

By Lieutenant E. Peterson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 411

Some elements of leadership.

By Colonel E. L. Munson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 433

Hyperthyroidism.

By Commander T. W. Reed, Medical Corps, U. S. N 454

HISTORICAL:

The history of anesthesia in America.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 461

A history of blood transfusion.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 465

EDITORIAL :

On education for our idle hours. On line of duty 477

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

The technique of making and staining frozen sections.

By Lieutenant Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, U. S. N 481

CLINICAL NOTES :

Neurosyphilis.

By Lieutenant Commander H. Butts and Lieutenant W. M. Alberty, Medical

Corps, U. S. N 483

Treatment of surgical ulcers of stomach and duodenum.

By Lieutenant Commander J. J. A. McMullin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 497

Foreign body in the right lower bronchus.

By Lieutenant J. W. Green, Medical Corps, U. S. N 506

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine. —Treatment of gastric ulcer. —Meningococcus

infection. —Syphilis of the heart. — Standard of cure in gonorrhea. —

Provocative procedures in diagnosis of syphilis.—Intraspinal treatment of

neurosyphilis. —Dissemination of spirochseta pallida from the primary focus of

infection. —Abdominal syphilis.—Pulmonary syphilis.—Diagnosis and treatment of

early syphilis. —Reinfection and curability in syphilis. —Local and general

spirochetosis. —Use of arsphenamine in nonsyphilitic diseases.—Prophylaxis of

syphilis with arsphenamine 509

Surgery. —Epitheliomata of thymic origin.—Surgical treatment of

epithelioma of the Hp. —Light and heat treatment of epididymitis-- 521

Tropical medicine. — Recent progress in medical zoology. — Intravenous

injection of antimony tartrate in bilharzia disease.—Complexion of malaria

cases. —Standard treatment of malaria 524

Physiological chemistry. —Determination of the basal metabolism from

the carbon-dioxide elimination.—Supplementary values of proteins. — Studies in

the vitamine content. — Sampling bottle for Sins analysis. —Fat-soluble

vitamine. —Effect of hydrochloric acid ingestion upon composition of urine in

man 530

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.—Conditions predisposing to hemorrhage in

tonsil operations. —Statistical record of serious and fatal hemorrhage

following operation on the tonsil 540

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Tenth revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia.— Vaccine in the

prevention of pneumonia. -—Three old books. —Removal of stains from wash goods.

—Health of the French Mediterranean fleet during the war. —Treatment of

poisoning due to the venom of a snake. —Annual health report of the German Navy

543

NURSE CORPS 561

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 567

BOOK NOTICES 569

QUERIES 572

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 574

Number 4

PREFACE , v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Medical aspects of gas warfare.

By Lieutenant G. H. Mankin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 641

The alcohol question in Sweden.

By Commander J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 649

The social service worker and the ex-service man.

By Lieutenant J. T. Boone, Medical Corps, U. S. N 653

Review of the reorganization of the sanitary and public health work in

the Dominican Republic under the United States military government of Santo

Domingo.

By Commander R. Hayden, Medical Corps, U. S. N 657

Some lessons of the World War in medicine and surgery from the German

viewpoint.

By Commander W. S. Bainbridge, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R, F 672

HISTORICAL :

James Inderwick, Surgeon, United States Navy, 1818-1815.

By Captain F. L. Pleadwell, Medical Corps, U. S. N 699

EDITORIAL :

The three horsemen and the body louse 713

CLINICAL NOTES:

Note on the use of Mercurochrome-220 within the peritoneum.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps,

U. S. N 717

Ten-second sterilization.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N. 717

The use of Mercurochrome-220 in infected wounds.

By Lieutenant W. L. Martin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 718

Notes on motor points.

By Commander W. S. Bainbridge, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F__ 719

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

Tropical medicine. —Treatment of human trypanosomiasis with

tryparsamide. —Wassermann reaction in malaria. —Wassermann reaction in malarial

fevers. — Rat repression by sexual selection. — Case of tubercular leprosy

treated by intravenous injections of stibenyl. —Bismuth-emetine treatment for

amebic dysentery and amebiasis. —Malaria incidence on the Canal

Zone.—Experiment of leper segregation in the Philippines.— Detection of Lamblla

lntestlnalls by means of duodenal tube. —Balantidium coll and pernicious

anemia. —Tropical myositis. —Differential diagnosis of the common intestinal

amebae of man.—Contributions to the biology of the Danish culicidae. —Treatment

of sleeping sickness. —Bilharzia disease treated with tartar emetic.

—Iso-agglutination group percentages of Filipino bloods.—Public health in the

Dominican Republic , 721

Chemistry. —Metabolism of the man of the Tropics. —Disturbances in the

development of mammalian embryos caused by radium emanation. —Ammonia content

of the blood and its bearing on the mechanism of acid neutralization in the

animal organism 735

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Dispersion of flies by flight.—International Association of the History

of Medicine. —Incineration of latrine contents. —Far Eastern Association of

Tropical Medicine. —Care of the sick and wounded of the North Russia

Expeditionary Force. —Manufacture of soft soap. —the upkeep of rats. —Erratum

739

NURSE CORPS 749

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 7B9

BOOK NOTICES 768

QUERIES 767

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 769

Number 5

PREFACE V

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

ON THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS.

By Surgeon Captain Masaharu Kojlma, Imperial Japanese Navy. 821

Aviation medicine in the United States Navy.

By Lieutenant J. F. Neuberger, Medical Corps, U. S. N 834

Pyelonephritis : A critical review of one hundred cases.

By Lieutenant Commander O. C. Foote, Medical Corps, U. S. N— 844

Recurrent hernia.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 849

Meningococcus septicemia.

By Lieutenant Commander W. A. Bloedorn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 855

HISTORICAL:

Peter St. Medard, surgeon in the Navy of the United States.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 867

The study of medicine in Strasbourg.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 874

EDITORIAL :

On the acquisition of useless knowledge. —ON the conservation of gauze

877

CLINICAL NOTES :

Report of a case of shark bite.

By Lieutenant Commander C. R. Baker and Lieutenant C. W. Rose, Medical

Corps, U. S. N 881

A practical treatment of acute ulcerative gingivitis.

By Lieutenant C. R. Wells, Dental Corps, U. S. N 885

REPORTS:

A report of the international standardization of sera 885

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General Medicine. —Metabolism in pellagra. —-One thousand one hundred

goiters in one thousand seven hundred eighty-three persons. —Diphtheria carriers

and their treatment with mercurochrome.

—Method for determination of death by drowning. — Strain in

Spirochetes. —Hereditary blood qualities 889

Surgery. —Peri-arterial sympathetlcs. —Factors in bone repair.

—Operations on the gall bladder and bile ducts. —Operative procedures for

different kinds of goiter. —Varicose ulcers. —Cancer of the tongue 896

Tropical Medicine.—La maladie des oedemes a Java. —Dysentery.— Dysentery.

—Natural immunity of wild rats to plague.— Charcot-Leyden crystals in the

stools as an aid to the diagnosis of entamoebic

dysentery. —Glycosuria of malarial origin. —Dermatitis venenata

produced by an irritant present in stem sap of the mango. —Treatment of

trichuriasis with Leche de Higueron. — Malaria in Eastern Cuba. —Dhobie itch

produced by inoculating with a culture of Epidermophyton rubrtim. —Ueber eineu

Fall von Filaria loa 901

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

The immunization of adults with the diphtheria toxin-antitoxin mixture.

— Smallpox in the colony of Bahamas. — Meeting of Royal Society of Tropical

Medicine and Hygiene. —Curative effects of chaulmoogra oil derivatives on

leprosy. — Virulence of tubercle bacilli under changing environment. —Malaria

in Bulgaria. — Methods of drainage. — Use of white lead in paints. —A method of

preventive inoculation for smallpox. — Paper on hospital ship ventilation. —

Papers by medical officers of the Navy 907

NURSE CORPS 919

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 923

BOOK NOTICES 929

QUERIES 935

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 937

Number 6

PREFACE v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Hydrogen-ion concentration.

By Lieutenant Commander C. W. O. Bunker. Medical Corps, U. S. N 973

Aviation medicine in the United States Navy.

By Lieutenant J. F. Neuberger, Medical Corps, U. S. N 083

Developments in the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis.

By Lieutenant L. W. Shaffer, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1011

HISTORICAL:

The old anatomical school at Padua.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N- 1015

EDITORIAL:

On carbon monoxide asphyxia. —On the habit of reading 1029

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

The method of preparing colloidal gold solution used at the U. S. Naval

Medical School.

By Lieutenant J. Harper, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Chief Pharmacist

C. Schaffer. Medical Corps, U. S. N 1037

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General Medicine. —Prognostic significance of persistent high blood

pressure. — Standardization of the Wassermann reaction. —Modern conceptions of

the treatment of syphilis. —Treatment of neurosyphilis. —Treatment of visceral

syphilis. —New technique for staining Treponema pallida. —Method of

demonstration of spirochteta pallida in the tissues 1041

Surgery. —Postoperative pulmonary complications 1051

Tropical Medicine. —Activities of infective hookworm larvae in the

soil. —Use of carbon letrachlorid for removal of hookworms — Hemotoxins from

parasitic worms. — Specific treatment of malaria. —Malaria epidemic in Naras in

1918. —Dysentery. — Une nouvelle maladie a bacilles acido-resistants qui n'est

ni la tuberculose, ni la lepre. —Malaria epidemic caused by M. Sinensis. —

Vesical bilharziasis, indigenous to Portugal. —An exceptional tropical

ulceration 1053

Physiological Chemistry. —Action of antispasmodic drugs on the

bronchus. —Methanol on trial.— Nature of beriberi and related diseases. —Ethyl

alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine on the behavior of rats in a maze. —Biliary

obstruction required to produce Jaundice.—Transfused blood.— Anthelmintics and

hookworm treat ment.—Chemotherapy. —Influence of morphine in experimental

septicemia.— Fumigation with formaldehyde. —Lesions in bones of rats suffering

from uncomplicated berberi 1062

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Nose, throat, and ear requirements of

airmen. —Septicemia and death following streptococcus tonsillitis.— Gangosa.—

Iritis caused by focal infection.— Episcleritis.. 1065

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

Toxic effects of picric acid. —Chemical warfare. — Destruction of the

dirigible ZR-2.—Outbreaks of plague in South Africa. —Relation of species of

rat fleas to the spread of plague. —Diary of William

Clift. —Medicine in art. —Therapeutic index of silver arsphenamin.

—Antiscorbutic vitamins contained in dehydrated fruits. — Hookworm survey.

—Treatment of amoebic dysentery 1071

REPORTS :

Report of the health of the Royal Air Force for the year 1920. 1083

NURSE CORPS 1095

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 1099

BOOK NOTICES 1103

QUERIES 1111

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS 1115

INDEX i

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