View allAll Photos Tagged PROSPERITY
Colorful. Ghana just celebrated their 50th aniversary as a nation. The flag is green, for prosperity, red for the blood that was shed before and yellow is for gold. The country was the Gold coast beore.
More photos from Accra:
Perovskia atriplicifolia, also known as Russian sage or Blue Spire.
Despite its common name, Russian sage is not in the same genus as other Salvias, which are commonly called "sage".
Made with Sony A99 and Helios 44-2 58mm f/2.0
We couldn’t be more
excited for our 2022 Michigan Municipal League Convention happening this year in beautiful Muskegon.
This year’s Convention marks a reset for our local leaders. Positive change is
happening across the state. Thanks to the hard work of our members, now is the moment
to shape a future that turns this potential into prosperity. Attendees will spend Oct. 19-21 meeting with
transformational thinkers and fellow local leaders to fill up on inspiration, energy,
insight, and new tools at this year’s Convention!
While in this shoreline community, you won’t want to miss this opportunity to
explore. You can catch a stunning sunset over the water, stroll along the beach
and pier at Pere Marquette Park, and discover the downtown revitalization that’s
underway, including the city’s expansive social district.
Of course, the main show is the Convention itself, and we have put together
a fantastic agenda of inspiring speakers and education sessions on multiple
topics. On the main stage, we’re particularly excited to have keynote speaker
Symone D. Sanders-Townsend, host of the MSNBC news show “Symone” and former chief
spokesperson and senior advisor for Vice President Kamala Harris. Plus, there are
sessions on space-hacking, using social media effectively at the local level, the
intersection of law enforcement and mental health services, creating a municipal
climate action plan, and data-driven-decision making. We also will cover ways to
use your state and federal assistance funding to improve community prosperity
and quality of life and get a legislative update from our Lansing advocacy team.
Even with that list, we’ve barely scratched the surface of all the sessions,
workshops, activities, and tours planned. Our general sessions and speakers are:
HOUSING: A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE FOR MICHIGANDERS BY MICHIGANDERS
Speakers: Brenda Harris, Realtor, Fivestar* Real Estate
Moderator: Selma Tucker, Director, Strategic Communications,
Michigan Municipal League
Everyone is talking about the housing market. Let’s go behind the scenes with a
real estate agent to get their take. Chat with Brenda Harris, a well-known realtor
and short-term rental business owner in Muskegon and the region. Brenda will
join the MML’s Selma Tucker for the inside scoop on the issues real people and
their communities care about—attainable and affordable housing, new supply,
funding, and—yes—short-term rentals. You might be surprised by what she has
to say.
PUBLIC SERVICE FROM OMAHA TO THE WHITE HOUSE
Speakers: Symone D. Sanders-Townsend, author, seasoned democratic strategist and host of “SYMONE” on MSNBC and MSNBC on Peacock
Why are you a public servant? It probably has something to do with where you’re from and how that community shaped your future. Symone Sanders-Townsend is creating a legacy of public service at the national level rooted in the values of her hometown of North Omaha, Nebraska. Those values have catapulted Symone to rarified air on that national stage having held senior positions in presidential campaigns, the White House, and now her own show, “Symone” on MSNBC. At 32, Symone speaks from a generation of public servants investing heavily in a future that has more opportunity, equity, and joy.
STRENGTHENING COMMUNITY THROUGH MUSIC
Speakers: John Sinkevics, Editor and Publisher, Local Spins Online Magazine
Michigan has a special relationship with music. Motown was created in Detroit. Bob Seger, Eminem, Aretha Franklin, Stevie Wonder, The White Stripes, Madonna, Diana Ross, Kid Rock, Smokey Robinson and many other marquee names were born and, in many cases, raised in one of our communities. Add the rich history of concert venues from Idlewild to Houghton and it becomes clear that music is a Michigan asset. How can communities support their local musicians? How can music help bring us together when we feel so far apart? Answers and more at this lively and interactive session.
POLITICAL PUNDITS PONTIFICATE: DISCUSSING THE 2022 ELECTIONS & WHAT IT MEANS FOR YOU
Speakers: Rick Pluta, Senior Capitol Correspondent, Michigan Public Radio John Sellek, Founder and CEO, Harbor Strategic Public Affairs Karmilia K. Landrum, Executive Director of the Detroit Branch of the NAACP Moderator: Zoe Clark, Political Director, Michigan Radio
With the November general election right around the corner, we’re gathering a panel of political experts to talk about the election, give some of their predictions, discuss key races and ballot issues our members care the most about, and debate other hot political topics, including short-term rentals, revenue sharing, pension reform, and more. This is your chance to ask the media and political expert
So, get ready to learn, enjoy, network, and have fun discovering Muskegon and
the ways to make your own communities even better.
Stay connected with all that is going on at Convention and with the League year
round by following the League on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. For the latest
Convention updates, be sure to follow #mmlconv.
One of the key parts of Convention is our Community Excellence Award competition. We’re now down to the final four competing for the top prize and the winner will be selected and announced at the conclusion of our Convention.
This year’s winner will be decided by the entire Convention delegation. Our
four nominees will make presentations on Wednesday, October 19, immediately
following the opening general session.
Voting will take place at the Community Excellence Award voting booth in the
Delta Hotel pre-function space from Wednesday, October 19, from 11:30 am to
5:45 pm and again on Thursday, October 20, from 8:00 am to 3:45 pm. Voting
will also be available via the Convention mobile app on-demand.
Our official auditors, Plante Moran PLLC, will oversee the voting booth and
count the ballots. The Community Excellence Award Cup will be presented on
Friday, October 21, at the closing General Session.
The 2022 finalists are:
Cassopolis – Imagine Cass Project Village of Cassopolis:
Small, Rural, and Exceptional
Farmington Hills – City of Farmington Hills Community Center –
The Hawk
Royal Oak – Centennial Commons: Reimagining a Parking Lot
into a Green Gathering Space
Traverse City – Traverse City Boardman Lake Loop Trail
Thank you to everyone who submitted projects!
We also will be recognizing several award winners during Convention. Those being honored are:
-Robert La Fave, village manager for the Village of L’Anse in the Upper Peninsula. Bob received our Community Builder Award that goes to individuals whose leadership creates positive community change
-Westland Mayor William Wild. Bill received the Michael A. Guido Leadership and Public Service Award for his professionalism and leadership, and his dedication to the residents in his own community and to people throughout our state.
-Our Jim Sinclair Exceptional Service Award celebrates a person dedicated to public service who has shown passion and commitment to the League, enthusiastically supporting its mission, and promoting its purpose. This year, we have three recipients of the Sinclair Award. They are:
- Huntington Woods Commissioner Jeff Jenks
- Deanna Koski, the longest serving councilperson in Sterling Heights
- And Fenton Mayor Pro Tem Pat Lockwood
-And lastly, the highest individual honor we celebrate is the Honorary Life Membership Award. This year we have two worthy recipients of this award. They are:
- Former East Lansing Mayor Nathan Triplett
- Former Dearborn Mayor Jack O’Reilly
In case you were wondering what a GREAT economy guided by a Stable Genius (assisted by a spoiled child with a chainsaw) looks like.
“We’re bringing wealth back to America.”
Red is the new black.
Number 1 about to leave Miller Street at 11am on the 19/6/15.... A new home in preservation at the Transport Museum, Wythall.
Wind turbines seen from an Iowa highway during U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue's five-state rural tour, featuring Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana. The “Back to Our Roots” Tour, gathers input on the 2018 Farm Bill and increasing rural prosperity. Along the way, Perdue will meet with farmers, ranchers, foresters, producers, students, governors, Members of Congress, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) employees, and other stakeholders. This is the first of two RV tours the secretary will undertake this summer. “The ‘Back to our Roots’ Farm Bill and rural prosperity RV listening tour will allow us to hear directly from people in agriculture across the country, as well as our consumers – they are the ones on the front lines of American agriculture and they know best what the current issues are,” Perdue said. “USDA will be intimately involved as Congress deliberates and formulates the 2018 Farm Bill. We are committed to making the resources and the research available so that Congress can make good facts-based, data-driven decisions. It’s important to look at past practices to see what has worked and what has not worked, so that we create a farm bill for the future that will be embraced by American agriculture in 2018.” For social media purposes, Secretary Perdue’s Twitter account (@SecretarySonny) will be using the hashtag #BackToOurRoots. USDA Photo by Lance Cheung.
We couldn’t be more
excited for our 2022 Michigan Municipal League Convention happening this year in beautiful Muskegon.
This year’s Convention marks a reset for our local leaders. Positive change is
happening across the state. Thanks to the hard work of our members, now is the moment
to shape a future that turns this potential into prosperity. Attendees will spend Oct. 19-21 meeting with
transformational thinkers and fellow local leaders to fill up on inspiration, energy,
insight, and new tools at this year’s Convention!
While in this shoreline community, you won’t want to miss this opportunity to
explore. You can catch a stunning sunset over the water, stroll along the beach
and pier at Pere Marquette Park, and discover the downtown revitalization that’s
underway, including the city’s expansive social district.
Of course, the main show is the Convention itself, and we have put together
a fantastic agenda of inspiring speakers and education sessions on multiple
topics. On the main stage, we’re particularly excited to have keynote speaker
Symone D. Sanders-Townsend, host of the MSNBC news show “Symone” and former chief
spokesperson and senior advisor for Vice President Kamala Harris. Plus, there are
sessions on space-hacking, using social media effectively at the local level, the
intersection of law enforcement and mental health services, creating a municipal
climate action plan, and data-driven-decision making. We also will cover ways to
use your state and federal assistance funding to improve community prosperity
and quality of life and get a legislative update from our Lansing advocacy team.
Even with that list, we’ve barely scratched the surface of all the sessions,
workshops, activities, and tours planned. Our general sessions and speakers are:
HOUSING: A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE FOR MICHIGANDERS BY MICHIGANDERS
Speakers: Brenda Harris, Realtor, Fivestar* Real Estate
Moderator: Selma Tucker, Director, Strategic Communications,
Michigan Municipal League
Everyone is talking about the housing market. Let’s go behind the scenes with a
real estate agent to get their take. Chat with Brenda Harris, a well-known realtor
and short-term rental business owner in Muskegon and the region. Brenda will
join the MML’s Selma Tucker for the inside scoop on the issues real people and
their communities care about—attainable and affordable housing, new supply,
funding, and—yes—short-term rentals. You might be surprised by what she has
to say.
PUBLIC SERVICE FROM OMAHA TO THE WHITE HOUSE
Speakers: Symone D. Sanders-Townsend, author, seasoned democratic strategist and host of “SYMONE” on MSNBC and MSNBC on Peacock
Why are you a public servant? It probably has something to do with where you’re from and how that community shaped your future. Symone Sanders-Townsend is creating a legacy of public service at the national level rooted in the values of her hometown of North Omaha, Nebraska. Those values have catapulted Symone to rarified air on that national stage having held senior positions in presidential campaigns, the White House, and now her own show, “Symone” on MSNBC. At 32, Symone speaks from a generation of public servants investing heavily in a future that has more opportunity, equity, and joy.
STRENGTHENING COMMUNITY THROUGH MUSIC
Speakers: John Sinkevics, Editor and Publisher, Local Spins Online Magazine
Michigan has a special relationship with music. Motown was created in Detroit. Bob Seger, Eminem, Aretha Franklin, Stevie Wonder, The White Stripes, Madonna, Diana Ross, Kid Rock, Smokey Robinson and many other marquee names were born and, in many cases, raised in one of our communities. Add the rich history of concert venues from Idlewild to Houghton and it becomes clear that music is a Michigan asset. How can communities support their local musicians? How can music help bring us together when we feel so far apart? Answers and more at this lively and interactive session.
POLITICAL PUNDITS PONTIFICATE: DISCUSSING THE 2022 ELECTIONS & WHAT IT MEANS FOR YOU
Speakers: Rick Pluta, Senior Capitol Correspondent, Michigan Public Radio John Sellek, Founder and CEO, Harbor Strategic Public Affairs Karmilia K. Landrum, Executive Director of the Detroit Branch of the NAACP Moderator: Zoe Clark, Political Director, Michigan Radio
With the November general election right around the corner, we’re gathering a panel of political experts to talk about the election, give some of their predictions, discuss key races and ballot issues our members care the most about, and debate other hot political topics, including short-term rentals, revenue sharing, pension reform, and more. This is your chance to ask the media and political expert
So, get ready to learn, enjoy, network, and have fun discovering Muskegon and
the ways to make your own communities even better.
Stay connected with all that is going on at Convention and with the League year
round by following the League on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. For the latest
Convention updates, be sure to follow #mmlconv.
One of the key parts of Convention is our Community Excellence Award competition. We’re now down to the final four competing for the top prize and the winner will be selected and announced at the conclusion of our Convention.
This year’s winner will be decided by the entire Convention delegation. Our
four nominees will make presentations on Wednesday, October 19, immediately
following the opening general session.
Voting will take place at the Community Excellence Award voting booth in the
Delta Hotel pre-function space from Wednesday, October 19, from 11:30 am to
5:45 pm and again on Thursday, October 20, from 8:00 am to 3:45 pm. Voting
will also be available via the Convention mobile app on-demand.
Our official auditors, Plante Moran PLLC, will oversee the voting booth and
count the ballots. The Community Excellence Award Cup will be presented on
Friday, October 21, at the closing General Session.
The 2022 finalists are:
Cassopolis – Imagine Cass Project Village of Cassopolis:
Small, Rural, and Exceptional
Farmington Hills – City of Farmington Hills Community Center –
The Hawk
Royal Oak – Centennial Commons: Reimagining a Parking Lot
into a Green Gathering Space
Traverse City – Traverse City Boardman Lake Loop Trail
Thank you to everyone who submitted projects!
We also will be recognizing several award winners during Convention. Those being honored are:
-Robert La Fave, village manager for the Village of L’Anse in the Upper Peninsula. Bob received our Community Builder Award that goes to individuals whose leadership creates positive community change
-Westland Mayor William Wild. Bill received the Michael A. Guido Leadership and Public Service Award for his professionalism and leadership, and his dedication to the residents in his own community and to people throughout our state.
-Our Jim Sinclair Exceptional Service Award celebrates a person dedicated to public service who has shown passion and commitment to the League, enthusiastically supporting its mission, and promoting its purpose. This year, we have three recipients of the Sinclair Award. They are:
- Huntington Woods Commissioner Jeff Jenks
- Deanna Koski, the longest serving councilperson in Sterling Heights
- And Fenton Mayor Pro Tem Pat Lockwood
-And lastly, the highest individual honor we celebrate is the Honorary Life Membership Award. This year we have two worthy recipients of this award. They are:
- Former East Lansing Mayor Nathan Triplett
- Former Dearborn Mayor Jack O’Reilly
Security Gates on the entrance doors.
Symbols include:
Sawstika: Prosperity and good fortune.
Scales: Justice
Egyptian Lotus: Life
Keystone: Philadelphia
Owl: Wisdom
Beehive: Industry
Dog: Faithfulness & Fidelity
Wolf: Danger
Mother Bird Feeding Young: Protection
Scissors Cutting ?:?
The Ruth & Raymond Perelman Building is part of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. It was originally built by the Fidelity Mutual Life Company in 1927.
The exterior decoration was by sculptor Lee Lawrie with Hartley Burr Alexander. It is themed as "family as the basis of society and civilization". This was to infer that insurance was to preserve the family.
The museum publishes itself, a brochure about the continued use of the swastika. It says:
The swastika, an ancient symbol of prosperity, and good fortune, has long been used by Asian, African, European and North American cultures, sometimes as a geometric motif, and sometimes as a religious symbol. In Hinduism, it can be a symbol of good luck, the sun, and the four cardinal directions. In Buddism, it has represented universal harmony, the balance of the opposites, love and mercy, strength and intelligence. Among Native Americans, the sign has various meaning; to the Hopi it signifies the wandering Hopi clan; to the Navajo, the whirlingwinds.
Within the context of this building, the swastika was considered a symbol of prosperity and good, to be seen alongside the owl for wisdom, the mother bird feeding her young for protection, and the bee and flower for industry.
In the 1920's the Nazi Party in Germany appropriated the sswastika as thier party symbol and later it became the symbol of the Third Reich, and the national flag of Germany. Because of the association with Nazism, the swastika acquired new meaning as a symbol of hate and semitism.
The Perelman Building, orginally the Fidelity Mutual Life Insurance Company, is a national landmark and was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and in the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places in 1980. This building was purchased by the Museum in 1999 and, due to its landmark status, the symbols were not removed during the recent rennovation and expansion.
Not sure what it is about kanji tattoos that white people like so much. I don't keep kanji flash and wouldn't wear writing I can't read myself, but I personally know a dozen caucasians with various kanji marks. This kid surprised me by wanting what he said was "prosperity"... not the choice I'd expect from a 19 year old for his first tat, but there you have it.
A show about self-improvement through self-denial
July 4 - 18, 2009
While large-scale organs of protection and improvement, such as schools, hospitals, and prisons, enforce the social contract through a restriction of choice and a remote delegation of authority, personal or cultural techniques for redirecting and mastering libido, the inner primordial chaos we carry within, can be found in the options represented by salad, church, and exercise. The deep loyalty and repulsion aroused in modern hearts by these three everyday pursuits, and their heroic and perverse obsession with denying the desires of the body, is the starting point for the works in “Salad-Church-Exercise,” fantasies that are channeled into a polymorphous menagerie of audiovisual media.
Curated by Bert Stabler
C Through Outfit (Dawn Reed, Catie Olson, EC Brown, Carl Warnick)
Red at Chinese Weddings
Red is the color theme of traditional Chinese weddings. It symbolizes love, joy, and prosperity. A Chinese brides wedding gown is often red, as are the wedding invitations, gift boxes, and envelopes for gifts. Even the homes of the bride and groom are decorated in red on the wedding day.
Chinese Pre-wedding events
Before the wedding a Chinese bride goes into seclusion with her closest friends to symbolically mourn the loss of her family and friends. Often the grooms family will bring wedding gifts to the brides house in red boxes and baskets. One of the gifts will contain "uang susu" or "milk money". Other gifts will be personal gifts for the bride. Three days before the wedding the bride’s family will go to the grooms house with gifts for his family.
Chinese Wedding Day
The day a Chinese wedding is carefully chosen to line up with astrological signs. Chinese weddings also start on the half-hour so that the wedding can start on an upswing, while the hands of the clock are moving up.
On the wedding day the groom is dressed by his parents. The groom will arrive at the brides house with a gift of cash to give the brides friends for letting her go. Sometimes the wedding couple will serve tea to both sets of parents to symbolically ask permission to get married. The bride and groom then leave for the wedding sight together.
Chinese Marriage Ceremony and Reception
A Chinese wedding ceremony is normally only attended by the couples’ immediate families. After the ceremony and before the reception the bride will host a tea ceremony for her in-laws. The couple usually goes to get the formal wedding pictures before they go the their reception.
A Chinese wedding reception is a very elaborate affair. There is normally a welcoming speech by a MC. Directly after the speech is the cake cutting. A traditional Chinese wedding cake is huge, with many layers. The lays symbolize the couples climb to success. The couple will cut the cake from the bottom to the top. The bride and groom will feed each other a piece of cake. Then they will cut a piece of cake for the parents and grandparents. The bride and groom will feed each of the pieces of cake to the parent or grandparent together. Sometimes wedding toast are given. The wedding guest will then great the bride and groom and the parents. Elaborate Chinese weddings include a 9 or 10 course meal and music. Chinese brides will often wear three different outfits during the reception. Article From www.weddings.sc/content,chinese-wedding-traditions/
The greatest life one can have is of service. Give joy, happiness, bliss, laughter, wisdom, prosperity, love & light to others. By doing so, you tap into the Infinite Source within ensuring that you will never have to do without these "treasures" yourself!
Lateef Warnick
An 8.5 mile route on a former railway line from Broompark Picnic Site, just outside Durham City to Crook, running past Ushaw Moor, Deerness View and Stanley Crook. It forms part of the Walney to Wear (W2W) long distance cycling route.
The Deerness Valley Railway was opened in 1858 and carried coal for nearly a hundred years. Branch lines from Broompark, New Brancepeth, Ushaw Moor, Esh, Stanley Crook, Hedleyhope and Cornsay made it a main artery of the coalfield. It closed in 1964 for freight. This line carried passengers between 1878 and 1951. The path passes alongside a number of former mining villages but there are few signs of their industrial heritage as most of the landscape has since been restored.
The path follows the route of the river Deerness through a mixture of arable and grazing land, woods and herb rich meadows. Mature woodland contains oak, holly and hazel with a rich ground flora of red campion, dogs mercury, wild garlic, bluebells, stitchwort and dog violet. You may see birds (including herons, woodpeckers, warblers and jays), butterflies (meadow brown, common blue and large skipper) and mammals (perhaps a hare, squirrel or roe deer).
At Ushaw Moor a wooden trestle bridge carried the railway over the road and river. It was built in 1896 and was one of the last wooden viaducts in use in northeast England. It survived until the 1960s.
On the ridge of the hill to the north stands Ushaw College, a Roman Catholic Seminary. One of their swimming pools used to be filled with water raised hydraulically by the river’s own power but this was stopped when the water came up black from the mining activity!
Just before you reach Deerness View picnic area, is the site of the former Ushaw Moor Colliery. Not long after this, you will pass under a large bridge. This used to carry the road to Flass Hall, to the south. This area was once the valley’s main settlement and you can see from here it opens out into meadows with various grass paths that you can wander around.
There are wet areas near this section of the line which contain damp loving plants such as meadowsweet, cuckoo flower and tufted vetch.
Travelling further along the Railway Path you come to Esh Winning. Esh (New) ‘Winning’ (a successful shaft or face) grew from a small hamlet into a large mining community. Its importance is reflected in the size of the Miners’ Hall which once boasted the best dance hall in the area. Although this branch terminus ended at Esh Winning, it was originally built to serve the colliery at Waterhouses.
The colliery, pit heaps and some of the terraces in Waterhouses have now disappeared but the off-white brick church still remains. These bricks may have come from Peases West Brickworks at Crook, via the Stanley Incline – the route now taken by the Railway Path upon which you are about to embark. The track climbs steadily through deciduous woodland, including some majestic old oak trees.
The Deerness Valley Way Railway Path continues towards Crook, finishing beside the Peases West Sports Centre. From here it is a short distance to the centre of bustling Crook.
County Durham, officially simply Durham is a ceremonial county in North East England. The county borders Northumberland and Tyne and Wear to the north, the North Sea to the east, North Yorkshire to the south, and Cumbria to the west. The largest settlement is Darlington, and the county town is the city of Durham.
The county has an area of 2,721 km2 (1,051 sq mi) and a population of 866,846. The latter is concentrated in the east; the south-east is part of the Teesside built-up area, which extends into North Yorkshire. After Darlington (92,363), the largest settlements are Hartlepool (88,855), Stockton-on-Tees (82,729), and Durham (48,069). For local government purposes the county comprises three unitary authority areas—County Durham, Darlington, and Hartlepool—and part of a fourth, Stockton-on-Tees. The county historically included the part of Tyne and Wear south of the River Tyne, and excluded the part of County Durham south of the River Tees.
The west of the county contains part of the North Pennines uplands, a national landscape. The hills are the source of the rivers Tees and Wear, which flow east and form the valleys of Teesdale and Weardale respectively. The east of the county is flatter, and contains by rolling hills through which the two rivers meander; the Tees forms the boundary with North Yorkshire in its lower reaches, and the Wear exits the county near Chester-le-Street in the north-east. The county's coast is a site of special scientific interest characterised by tall limestone and dolomite cliffs.
What is now County Durham was on the border of Roman Britain, and contains survivals of this era at sites such as Binchester Roman Fort. In the Anglo-Saxon period the region was part of the Kingdom of Northumbria. In 995 the city of Durham was founded by monks seeking a place safe from Viking raids to house the relics of St Cuthbert. Durham Cathedral was rebuilt after the Norman Conquest, and together with Durham Castle is now a World Heritage Site. By the late Middle Ages the county was governed semi-independently by the bishops of Durham and was also a buffer zone between England and Scotland. County Durham became heavily industrialised in the nineteenth century, when many collieries opened on the Durham coalfield. The Stockton and Darlington Railway, the world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, opened in 1825. Most collieries closed during the last quarter of the twentieth century, but the county's coal mining heritage is remembered in the annual Durham Miners' Gala.
Remains of Prehistoric Durham include a number of Neolithic earthworks.
The Crawley Edge Cairns and Heathery Burn Cave are Bronze Age sites. Maiden Castle, Durham is an Iron Age site.
Brigantia, the land of the Brigantes, is said to have included what is now County Durham.
There are archaeological remains of Roman Durham. Dere Street and Cade's Road run through what is now County Durham. There were Roman forts at Concangis (Chester-le-Street), Lavatrae (Bowes), Longovicium (Lanchester), Piercebridge (Morbium), Vindomora (Ebchester) and Vinovium (Binchester). (The Roman fort at Arbeia (South Shields) is within the former boundaries of County Durham.) A Romanised farmstead has been excavated at Old Durham.
Remains of the Anglo-Saxon period include a number of sculpted stones and sundials, the Legs Cross, the Rey Cross and St Cuthbert's coffin.
Around AD 547, an Angle named Ida founded the kingdom of Bernicia after spotting the defensive potential of a large rock at Bamburgh, upon which many a fortification was thenceforth built. Ida was able to forge, hold and consolidate the kingdom; although the native British tried to take back their land, the Angles triumphed and the kingdom endured.
In AD 604, Ida's grandson Æthelfrith forcibly merged Bernicia (ruled from Bamburgh) and Deira (ruled from York, which was known as Eforwic at the time) to create the Kingdom of Northumbria. In time, the realm was expanded, primarily through warfare and conquest; at its height, the kingdom stretched from the River Humber (from which the kingdom drew its name) to the Forth. Eventually, factional fighting and the rejuvenated strength of neighbouring kingdoms, most notably Mercia, led to Northumbria's decline. The arrival of the Vikings hastened this decline, and the Scandinavian raiders eventually claimed the Deiran part of the kingdom in AD 867 (which became Jórvík). The land that would become County Durham now sat on the border with the Great Heathen Army, a border which today still (albeit with some adjustments over the years) forms the boundaries between Yorkshire and County Durham.
Despite their success south of the river Tees, the Vikings never fully conquered the Bernician part of Northumbria, despite the many raids they had carried out on the kingdom. However, Viking control over the Danelaw, the central belt of Anglo-Saxon territory, resulted in Northumbria becoming isolated from the rest of Anglo-Saxon Britain. Scots invasions in the north pushed the kingdom's northern boundary back to the River Tweed, and the kingdom found itself reduced to a dependent earldom, its boundaries very close to those of modern-day Northumberland and County Durham. The kingdom was annexed into England in AD 954.
In AD 995, St Cuthbert's community, who had been transporting Cuthbert's remains around, partly in an attempt to avoid them falling into the hands of Viking raiders, settled at Dunholm (Durham) on a site that was defensively favourable due to the horseshoe-like path of the River Wear. St Cuthbert's remains were placed in a shrine in the White Church, which was originally a wooden structure but was eventually fortified into a stone building.
Once the City of Durham had been founded, the Bishops of Durham gradually acquired the lands that would become County Durham. Bishop Aldhun began this process by procuring land in the Tees and Wear valleys, including Norton, Stockton, Escomb and Aucklandshire in 1018. In 1031, King Canute gave Staindrop to the Bishops. This territory continued to expand, and was eventually given the status of a liberty. Under the control of the Bishops of Durham, the land had various names: the "Liberty of Durham", "Liberty of St Cuthbert's Land" "the lands of St Cuthbert between Tyne and Tees" or "the Liberty of Haliwerfolc" (holy Wear folk).
The bishops' special jurisdiction rested on claims that King Ecgfrith of Northumbria had granted a substantial territory to St Cuthbert on his election to the see of Lindisfarne in 684. In about 883 a cathedral housing the saint's remains was established at Chester-le-Street and Guthfrith, King of York granted the community of St Cuthbert the area between the Tyne and the Wear, before the community reached its final destination in 995, in Durham.
Following the Norman invasion, the administrative machinery of government extended only slowly into northern England. Northumberland's first recorded Sheriff was Gilebert from 1076 until 1080 and a 12th-century record records Durham regarded as within the shire. However the bishops disputed the authority of the sheriff of Northumberland and his officials, despite the second sheriff for example being the reputed slayer of Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots. The crown regarded Durham as falling within Northumberland until the late thirteenth century.
Following the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror appointed Copsig as Earl of Northumbria, thereby bringing what would become County Durham under Copsig's control. Copsig was, just a few weeks later, killed in Newburn. Having already being previously offended by the appointment of a non-Northumbrian as Bishop of Durham in 1042, the people of the region became increasingly rebellious. In response, in January 1069, William despatched a large Norman army, under the command of Robert de Comines, to Durham City. The army, believed to consist of 700 cavalry (about one-third of the number of Norman knights who had participated in the Battle of Hastings), entered the city, whereupon they were attacked, and defeated, by a Northumbrian assault force. The Northumbrians wiped out the entire Norman army, including Comines, all except for one survivor, who was allowed to take the news of this defeat back.
Following the Norman slaughter at the hands of the Northumbrians, resistance to Norman rule spread throughout Northern England, including a similar uprising in York. William The Conqueror subsequently (and successfully) attempted to halt the northern rebellions by unleashing the notorious Harrying of the North (1069–1070). Because William's main focus during the harrying was on Yorkshire, County Durham was largely spared the Harrying.
Anglo-Norman Durham refers to the Anglo-Norman period, during which Durham Cathedral was built.
Matters regarding the bishopric of Durham came to a head in 1293 when the bishop and his steward failed to attend proceedings of quo warranto held by the justices of Northumberland. The bishop's case went before parliament, where he stated that Durham lay outside the bounds of any English shire and that "from time immemorial it had been widely known that the sheriff of Northumberland was not sheriff of Durham nor entered within that liberty as sheriff. . . nor made there proclamations or attachments". The arguments appear to have prevailed, as by the fourteenth century Durham was accepted as a liberty which received royal mandates direct. In effect it was a private shire, with the bishop appointing his own sheriff. The area eventually became known as the "County Palatine of Durham".
Sadberge was a liberty, sometimes referred to as a county, within Northumberland. In 1189 it was purchased for the see but continued with a separate sheriff, coroner and court of pleas. In the 14th century Sadberge was included in Stockton ward and was itself divided into two wards. The division into the four wards of Chester-le-Street, Darlington, Easington and Stockton existed in the 13th century, each ward having its own coroner and a three-weekly court corresponding to the hundred court. The diocese was divided into the archdeaconries of Durham and Northumberland. The former is mentioned in 1072, and in 1291 included the deaneries of Chester-le-Street, Auckland, Lanchester and Darlington.
The term palatinus is applied to the bishop in 1293, and from the 13th century onwards the bishops frequently claimed the same rights in their lands as the king enjoyed in his kingdom.
The historic boundaries of County Durham included a main body covering the catchment of the Pennines in the west, the River Tees in the south, the North Sea in the east and the Rivers Tyne and Derwent in the north. The county palatinate also had a number of liberties: the Bedlingtonshire, Islandshire and Norhamshire exclaves within Northumberland, and the Craikshire exclave within the North Riding of Yorkshire. In 1831 the county covered an area of 679,530 acres (2,750.0 km2) and had a population of 253,910. These exclaves were included as part of the county for parliamentary electoral purposes until 1832, and for judicial and local-government purposes until the coming into force of the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, which merged most remaining exclaves with their surrounding county. The boundaries of the county proper remained in use for administrative and ceremonial purposes until the Local Government Act 1972.
Boldon Book (1183 or 1184) is a polyptichum for the Bishopric of Durham.
Until the 15th century, the most important administrative officer in the Palatinate was the steward. Other officers included the sheriff, the coroners, the Chamberlain and the chancellor. The palatine exchequer originated in the 12th century. The palatine assembly represented the whole county, and dealt chiefly with fiscal questions. The bishop's council, consisting of the clergy, the sheriff and the barons, regulated judicial affairs, and later produced the Chancery and the courts of Admiralty and Marshalsea.
The prior of Durham ranked first among the bishop's barons. He had his own court, and almost exclusive jurisdiction over his men. A UNESCO site describes the role of the Prince-Bishops in Durham, the "buffer state between England and Scotland":
From 1075, the Bishop of Durham became a Prince-Bishop, with the right to raise an army, mint his own coins, and levy taxes. As long as he remained loyal to the king of England, he could govern as a virtually autonomous ruler, reaping the revenue from his territory, but also remaining mindful of his role of protecting England’s northern frontier.
A report states that the Bishops also had the authority to appoint judges and barons and to offer pardons.
There were ten palatinate barons in the 12th century, most importantly the Hyltons of Hylton Castle, the Bulmers of Brancepeth, the Conyers of Sockburne, the Hansards of Evenwood, and the Lumleys of Lumley Castle. The Nevilles owned large estates in the county. John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby rebuilt Raby Castle, their principal seat, in 1377.
Edward I's quo warranto proceedings of 1293 showed twelve lords enjoying more or less extensive franchises under the bishop. The repeated efforts of the Crown to check the powers of the palatinate bishops culminated in 1536 in the Act of Resumption, which deprived the bishop of the power to pardon offences against the law or to appoint judicial officers. Moreover, indictments and legal processes were in future to run in the name of the king, and offences to be described as against the peace of the king, rather than that of the bishop. In 1596 restrictions were imposed on the powers of the chancery, and in 1646 the palatinate was formally abolished. It was revived, however, after the Restoration, and continued with much the same power until 5 July 1836, when the Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836 provided that the palatine jurisdiction should in future be vested in the Crown.
During the 15th-century Wars of the Roses, Henry VI passed through Durham. On the outbreak of the Great Rebellion in 1642 Durham inclined to support the cause of Parliament, and in 1640 the high sheriff of the palatinate guaranteed to supply the Scottish army with provisions during their stay in the county. In 1642 the Earl of Newcastle formed the western counties into an association for the King's service, but in 1644 the palatinate was again overrun by a Scottish army, and after the Battle of Marston Moor (2 July 1644) fell entirely into the hands of Parliament.
In 1614, a Bill was introduced in Parliament for securing representation to the county and city of Durham and the borough of Barnard Castle. The bishop strongly opposed the proposal as an infringement of his palatinate rights, and the county was first summoned to return members to Parliament in 1654. After the Restoration of 1660 the county and city returned two members each. In the wake of the Reform Act of 1832 the county returned two members for two divisions, and the boroughs of Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland acquired representation. The bishops lost their secular powers in 1836. The boroughs of Darlington, Stockton and Hartlepool returned one member each from 1868 until the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.
The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 reformed the municipal boroughs of Durham, Stockton on Tees and Sunderland. In 1875, Jarrow was incorporated as a municipal borough, as was West Hartlepool in 1887. At a county level, the Local Government Act 1888 reorganised local government throughout England and Wales. Most of the county came under control of the newly formed Durham County Council in an area known as an administrative county. Not included were the county boroughs of Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland. However, for purposes other than local government, the administrative county of Durham and the county boroughs continued to form a single county to which the Crown appointed a Lord Lieutenant of Durham.
Over its existence, the administrative county lost territory, both to the existing county boroughs, and because two municipal boroughs became county boroughs: West Hartlepool in 1902 and Darlington in 1915. The county boundary with the North Riding of Yorkshire was adjusted in 1967: that part of the town of Barnard Castle historically in Yorkshire was added to County Durham, while the administrative county ceded the portion of the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees in Durham to the North Riding. In 1968, following the recommendation of the Local Government Commission, Billingham was transferred to the County Borough of Teesside, in the North Riding. In 1971, the population of the county—including all associated county boroughs (an area of 2,570 km2 (990 sq mi))—was 1,409,633, with a population outside the county boroughs of 814,396.
In 1974, the Local Government Act 1972 abolished the administrative county and the county boroughs, reconstituting County Durham as a non-metropolitan county. The reconstituted County Durham lost territory to the north-east (around Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland) to Tyne and Wear and to the south-east (around Hartlepool) to Cleveland. At the same time it gained the former area of Startforth Rural District from the North Riding of Yorkshire. The area of the Lord Lieutenancy of Durham was also adjusted by the Act to coincide with the non-metropolitan county (which occupied 3,019 km2 (1,166 sq mi) in 1981).
In 1996, as part of 1990s UK local government reform by Lieutenancies Act 1997, Cleveland was abolished. Its districts were reconstituted as unitary authorities. Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees (north Tees) were returned to the county for the purposes of Lord Lieutenancy. Darlington also became a third unitary authority of the county. The Royal Mail abandoned the use of postal counties altogether, permitted but not mandatory being at a writer wishes.
As part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England initiated by the Department for Communities and Local Government, the seven district councils within the County Council area were abolished. The County Council assumed their functions and became the fourth unitary authority. Changes came into effect on 1 April 2009.
On 15 April 2014, North East Combined Authority was established under the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 with powers over economic development and regeneration. In November 2018, Newcastle City Council, North Tyneside Borough Council, and Northumberland County Council left the authority. These later formed the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
In May 2021, four parish councils of the villages of Elwick, Hart, Dalton Piercy and Greatham all issued individual votes of no confidence in Hartlepool Borough Council, and expressed their desire to join the County Durham district.
In October 2021, County Durham was shortlisted for the UK City of Culture 2025. In May 2022, it lost to Bradford.
Eighteenth century Durham saw the appearance of dissent in the county and the Durham Ox. The county did not assist the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715. The Statue of Neptune in the City of Durham was erected in 1729.
A number of disasters happened in Nineteenth century Durham. The Felling mine disasters happened in 1812, 1813, 1821 and 1847. The Philadelphia train accident happened in 1815. In 1854, there was a great fire in Gateshead. One of the West Stanley Pit disasters happened in 1882. The Victoria Hall disaster happened in 1883.
One of the West Stanley Pit disasters happened in 1909. The Darlington rail crash happened in 1928. The Battle of Stockton happened in 1933. The Browney rail crash happened in 1946.
The First Treaty of Durham was made at Durham in 1136. The Second Treaty of Durham was made at Durham in 1139.
The county regiment was the Durham Light Infantry, which replaced, in particular, the 68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) and the Militia and Volunteers of County Durham.
RAF Greatham, RAF Middleton St George and RAF Usworth were located in County Durham.
David I, the King of Scotland, invaded the county in 1136, and ravaged much of the county 1138. In 17 October 1346, the Battle of Neville's Cross was fought at Neville's Cross, near the city of Durham. On 16 December 1914, during the First World War, there was a raid on Hartlepool by the Imperial German Navy.
Chroniclers connected with Durham include the Bede, Symeon of Durham, Geoffrey of Coldingham and Robert de Graystanes.
County Durham has long been associated with coal mining, from medieval times up to the late 20th century. The Durham Coalfield covered a large area of the county, from Bishop Auckland, to Consett, to the River Tyne and below the North Sea, thereby providing a significant expanse of territory from which this rich mineral resource could be extracted.
King Stephen possessed a mine in Durham, which he granted to Bishop Pudsey, and in the same century colliers are mentioned at Coundon, Bishopwearmouth and Sedgefield. Cockfield Fell was one of the earliest Landsale collieries in Durham. Edward III issued an order allowing coal dug at Newcastle to be taken across the Tyne, and Richard II granted to the inhabitants of Durham licence to export the produce of the mines, without paying dues to the corporation of Newcastle. The majority was transported from the Port of Sunderland complex, which was constructed in the 1850s.
Among other early industries, lead-mining was carried on in the western part of the county, and mustard was extensively cultivated. Gateshead had a considerable tanning trade and shipbuilding was undertaken at Jarrow, and at Sunderland, which became the largest shipbuilding town in the world – constructing a third of Britain's tonnage.[citation needed]
The county's modern-era economic history was facilitated significantly by the growth of the mining industry during the nineteenth century. At the industry's height, in the early 20th century, over 170,000 coal miners were employed, and they mined 58,700,000 tons of coal in 1913 alone. As a result, a large number of colliery villages were built throughout the county as the industrial revolution gathered pace.
The railway industry was also a major employer during the industrial revolution, with railways being built throughout the county, such as The Tanfield Railway, The Clarence Railway and The Stockton and Darlington Railway. The growth of this industry occurred alongside the coal industry, as the railways provided a fast, efficient means to move coal from the mines to the ports and provided the fuel for the locomotives. The great railway pioneers Timothy Hackworth, Edward Pease, George Stephenson and Robert Stephenson were all actively involved with developing the railways in tandem with County Durham's coal mining industry. Shildon and Darlington became thriving 'railway towns' and experienced significant growths in population and prosperity; before the railways, just over 100 people lived in Shildon but, by the 1890s, the town was home to around 8,000 people, with Shildon Shops employing almost 3000 people at its height.
However, by the 1930s, the coal mining industry began to diminish and, by the mid-twentieth century, the pits were closing at an increasing rate. In 1951, the Durham County Development Plan highlighted a number of colliery villages, such as Blackhouse, as 'Category D' settlements, in which future development would be prohibited, property would be acquired and demolished, and the population moved to new housing, such as that being built in Newton Aycliffe. Likewise, the railway industry also began to decline, and was significantly brought to a fraction of its former self by the Beeching cuts in the 1960s. Darlington Works closed in 1966 and Shildon Shops followed suit in 1984. The county's last deep mines, at Easington, Vane Tempest, Wearmouth and Westoe, closed in 1993.
Postal Rates from 1801 were charged depending on the distance from London. Durham was allocated the code 263 the approximate mileage from London. From about 1811, a datestamp appeared on letters showing the date the letter was posted. In 1844 a new system was introduced and Durham was allocated the code 267. This system was replaced in 1840 when the first postage stamps were introduced.
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911): "To the Anglo-Saxon period are to be referred portions of the churches of Monk Wearmouth (Sunderland), Jarrow, Escomb near Bishop Auckland, and numerous sculptured crosses, two of which are in situ at Aycliffe. . . . The Decorated and Perpendicular periods are very scantily represented, on account, as is supposed, of the incessant wars between England and Scotland in the 14th and 15th centuries. The principal monastic remains, besides those surrounding Durham cathedral, are those of its subordinate house or "cell," Finchale Priory, beautifully situated by the Wear. The most interesting castles are those of Durham, Raby, Brancepeth and Barnard. There are ruins of castelets or peel-towers at Dalden, Ludworth and Langley Dale. The hospitals of Sherburn, Greatham and Kepyer, founded by early bishops of Durham, retain but few ancient features."
The best remains of the Norman period include Durham Cathedral and Durham Castle, and several parish churches, such as St Laurence Church in Pittington. The Early English period has left the eastern portion of the cathedral, the churches of Darlington, Hartlepool, and St Andrew, Auckland, Sedgefield, and portions of a few other churches.
'Durham Castle and Cathedral' is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. Elsewhere in the County there is Auckland Castle.
IASOS :
The ancient Greek city of Iassos is an extensive multi-period site located on the shores of the Iassos gulf (Gulf of Güllük) halfway between Didyma to the north and Halicarnassus to the south. Once situated on an island, the city is now joined to the mainland, creating a peninsula. According to tradition, Iasos was colonized, possibly in the 9th or 8th century BCE, by Greeks from Argos (the Dorians) but archaeological evidence shows that the site of Iassos had been inhabited since the Neolithic period and that it flourished as one of the great Minoan and Mycenaean settlements in Asia Minor. Prosperity continued throughout the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods and many of the remains date from the later periods.
www.ancient.eu/article/1326/10-hidden-ancient-treasures-i...
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iasoskazisi.selcuk.edu.tr/en/index.html
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Iasos
Building new relationships with the underserved community, University City Regional Library reached out to seniors at Prosperity Creek to strengthen digital literacy, access Library resources, and remove barriers to access.
A book club will additionally be commenced at this location in the coming year.
Prosperity Creek Senior Apartments, Oct 16 - Nov 27
Photo courtesy: Everett Blackmon
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Secretary Sonny Perdue has lunch and hold a listening session with Governor Kim Reynolds, U.S. Senator Joni Ernst, U.S. Representative David Young, Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Bill Northey, and approximately 20 young farmer from around Iowa, at the Iowa Events Center, in Des Moines, IA. on Aug. 5, 2017. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Secretary Sonny Perdue is on a five-state RV tour, featuring stops in five states: Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana, is titled the “Back to Our Roots” Tour, to gather input on the 2018 Farm Bill and increasing rural prosperity, Aug. 3-8, 2017. Along the way, Perdue will meet with farmers, ranchers, foresters, producers, students, governors, Members of Congress, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) employees, and other stakeholders. This is the first of two RV tours the secretary will undertake this summer. “The ‘Back to our Roots’ Farm Bill and rural prosperity RV listening tour will allow us to hear directly from people in agriculture across the country, as well as our consumers – they are the ones on the front lines of American agriculture and they know best what the current issues are,” Perdue said. “USDA will be intimately involved as Congress deliberates and formulates the 2018 Farm Bill. We are committed to making the resources and the research available so that Congress can make good facts-based, data-driven decisions. It’s important to look at past practices to see what has worked and what has not worked, so that we create a farm bill for the future that will be embraced by American agriculture in 2018.” For social media purposes, Secretary Perdue’s Twitter account (@SecretarySonny) will be using the hashtag #BackToOurRoots. USDA Photo by Lance Cheung.