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Ex libr[is] Ill[ustrissi]mi D[omi]ni D[o]mini Ioan. Bernh. Com. ab Herberstein Capitan. Regij Glogoviensis [?].
Ms. ownership inscription of Johann Bernhardt, Graf von Herberstein, 1630-1685.
Established heading (Czech Republic National Library): Herberstein, Johann Bernhardt von, Graf, 1630-1685
Established heading (DNB): Herberstein, Johann Bernhardt von, 1630-1685
Penn Libraries call number: IC55 G7499 591d
Pristine 1968 International TravelAll
one-family ownership
handed down from original owner to one lucky, grateful grandson
(Color me jealous!)
Portland, Oregon
Brief history of the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel
Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel has gone through many name changes and renovations all under just a few ownership changes. The Adams Hotel was demolished in 1973 to make room for the new $27 million Adams Hotel. It was developed and constructed on the site of the previous Adams Hotel in a combined venture of PIC Realty and the Vita Cos owned by Phoenix lawyer Albert B. Spector Sr.
It was designed by the firm of Schwenn & Clark and is most noted for its hundreds of eyebrow windows over a line of three-story arches at the base level. Its iconic curved windows block out up to 70% of the heat from the sun.
Ralph Hitz Jr., the former Managing Director of the Hotel Muehlebach in Kansas City, Mo was the first general manager of the new Adams Hotel. Hitz thought things were not what they used to be at the 700-room Muehlbach which was slipping into shoddiness. Back in the 30's and 40's, the Muehlebach was the center of action in Kansas City. The last hotel Hitz managed before his retirement in 1994 was the Crowne Plaza in downtown Kansas City Missouri. He died in 1998. Andee Mena was the Adams Hotel opening Chef, he came from Chicago's Continental Plaza Hotel.
Seven months after the 538-room Adams Hotel opened in 1975, the Vita Cos. filed for protection from creditors in Bankruptcy Court and the hotel was placed in receivership. The court appointed receiver was Ed Caliendo and Daniel J. Palaschak the general manager. The primary creditor of the Adams Hotel was Prudential with a mortgage lien of $15.4 million plus accrued interest. Spector Sr. was in a perilous financial condition at the time and entered into a $1 million transaction with PIC Realty Corp (Prudential). The deal was to provide some immediate cash for the cash flow problems at the new hotel. Prudential claimed the $1 million dollar transaction represented a purchase of Spector Sr.'s equity in the hotel. In August 1976 the court voided the equity transfer between PIC Realty (Prudential) and Spector Sr. but the bankruptcy hearings continued for over 5 years. In 1980 a $33 million dollar offer for the hotel was scuttled due to the bankruptcy. The prospective New York buyers were Jason Jacobs, of Delsu Financial Corporation, and Charles Allen of Allen and Co.
Some five years later PIC Realty became sole owner of the hotel in Feb 1981 at the conclusion of the bankruptcy of the Vita Cos. The settlement provided $1.8 million in payments to 141 creditors and a $290,000 payment to the Vita Cos. At that time PIC Realty signed Hilton Hotel Corporation to a 25-year contract and implemented the name change from Adams Hotel to the Phoenix Hilton. Hilton brought in Andre Schaefer from the Anchorage Westward Hilton to be the general manager. Hilton Hotels Corp would spend $4 million on a 2 year upgrade program. The hotel's food and beverage outlets, the Old Bar lounge, the Citrus Grove restaurant and the Sandpaper restaurant were re-done along with the public areas, meeting rooms and guest rooms.
Albert B. Spector Sr. died May, 1980 at his apartment at the Arizona Biltmore Estates at the age of 65. His company purchased the Adams Hotel in 1973 and razed it in order to build the new 19 story hotel which opened April 1, 1975. He also owned the Flame Restaurant in downtown Phoenix (34 W Adams St.).
In 1986 the Phoenix Hilton was acquired by a limited partnership headed by Mark Cohn of Greater Capital Real Estate Corporation of Burlingame, California from Prudential Insurance Co. of America. The acquisition price was $16,250,000. The hotel would become a franchised Hilton rather than a company-operated Hilton. Greater Capital Real Estate at that time also owned hotels in Chicago, San Francisco, Palm Springs and Tahiti. The hotel became the Omni Adams in 1991 after operating for 4 years 1986-1991, as the Sheraton Phoenix.
In 1993 Mark Cohn dropped the Omni Adams name and signed an agreement with Holiday Inn Worldwide to be the first Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza in Arizona. As part of the name change there was a $4.5 million renovation to all areas of the hotel. The hotel had a $109 average room rate prior to the renovation. A subsidiary of Holiday Inns provided the renovation loan. It is noted that Omni Hotels had desired to part ways with Cohn due to very late and unpaid bills.
In July 1999 Steve Cohn sued the city of Phoenix when the city voted to guarantee an $83 million loan for a 700 room Marriott Hotel and a guarantee on a $35 million loan for a 350-room Embassy Suites. Cohn thought the measures required city voter approval. A judge ruled in Cohn's favor and the two tax payer subsidized hotels were never built.
In 2003 the hotel joined the Wyndham brand as part of a 10-year franchise agreement between the property’s owners, Phoenix Hospitality LLC and Wyndham International. The hotel was renamed the Wyndham Phoenix.
Steve Cohn, Mark Cohn's brother, and the entity Phoenix Hospitality became owner of what was then the Phoenix Crowne Plaza Hotel in December of 1999. In May of 2003, the property was licensed as the Wyndham Phoenix. Steve Cohn served in the capacity of the property's Managing Director under both brand affiliations for Phoenix Hospitality. He continued as the property's Managing Director when the property was transferred to Phoenix Hotel Ventures in February 2007 and continued in that position until December 2011 when the hotel converted to a Renaissance Hotel and Marriott became the hotel manager. At that time, Steve Cohn and the entity PHXhotel LLC assumed the role of owner and asset manager.
In 2015 Steve Cohn CEO of PHXHotel, LLC, owner of the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown hotel, committed $10 million to improve Adams Street in accordance with the Adams Street Activation Study completed in 2013 via a City contract with the Gensler & Associates architectural firm. The design includes enhanced streetscape, shade, lighting and signage, provisions for new food and beverage, accommodations for special events and the relocation of the Renaissance Hotel’s main entrance to First Street. Without using one cent of public funds, the project includes a renovated façade, an expanded lobby, an improved arrival experience and open-air food and beverage venues with a priority for experienced local operators. The work will transform Adams Street into an engaging pedestrian friendly experience. At the October 28, 2015 City Council meeting, Mayor Greg Stanton thanked the Renaissance Phoenix Downtown Hotel for investing in the city. “This block is the front door to visitors from all over the country and the globe connecting our Convention Center to the rest of downtown,” said Stanton. The project is expected to finish in late 2017.
Paige Lund was appointed general manager in 2012. She is a 1993 graduate of Northern Arizona University School of Hotel & Restaurant Management.
What's hotel brand loyalty? Seven hotel brands in 40 plus years.
1973 - Adams Hotel demolished
1975 - Adams Hotel opens
1981 - Phoenix Hilton
1986 - Sheraton Phoenix
1991 - Omni Adams Hotel
1993 - Crown Plaza Phoenix - Downtown
2003 - Wyndham Phoenix
2009 - Renaissance Phoenix - Downtown
Compiled by Dick Johnson, February, 2017
Liber Monast. b. M. V. in Rhino[uia?/wa?]. 1609.
[17th-century ms. ownership inscription of Kloster Rheinau, a Benedictine abbey on the island of Rheinau in Switzerland under the patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Fintan of Rheinau. The abbey was founded ca. 878 and suppressed in 1862 by the canton of Zurich, at which point a large part of its notable library passed to the Kantonsbibliothek (now Zentralbibliothek) Zurich (cf. this exhibition). The RBMS Latin Place Names file, following Graesse, gives Renaugia, Rhenaugia, Rhenovium, Ricnavia, Rignavia, Rinaugia, Rinauva, Rinowa, and Rivova for Rheinau, but I'm really not certain what the back end of this inscription is trying to express. Elsewhere in this volume (though not yet pictured) are the inscriptions "Liber Monasterij Rhenouiensis." and "S. Findani D: Tutelaris monast. Rhenaugiensis. M.DC[...] XXIV. Feb[...]", however, which make the identification with Kloster Rheinau pretty certain.]
Woodcut vignette of the Virgin Mary as the woman clothed with the sun from Rev. 12:1. Used by Nikolaus Kalt of Konstanz.
Established heading: Kalt, Nikolaus, d. 1616
Penn Libraries call number: GC55 C6856 603c
Alex and Quinn got their first house, and are finding out the joys of home ownership. Lots of tasks in front of them, but they are happy with it (isn't it obvious?). We all spent the day working hard, painting and cleaning, but more importantly, spending time with each other and sharing in their happiness. I got to paint the Rainbow Room (pictured), which will be the new Projection /Movie room.
The Lancia Gamma came into being despite some not inconsiderable setbacks. It was the first Lancia produced under Fiat’s ownership and was developed in conjunction with Citroen and the CX. The car was to comprise the best of what both companies could offer including amongst other things, Citroen’s trademark hydraulic suspension. Two models were designed by Pininfarina, the Berlina (saloon) and the Coupe.
The Coupe was produced at the Pininfarina facility alongside the Ferrari 400, and the Berlina model was built by Lancia. Released to unsuspecting owners in 1976, from the word go the car quickly developed a reputation for mechanical fragility. The decision to run the power steering pump from one of the timing belts proved to be the principal cause of an early death. A cold morning combined with a dose of full lock on startup was enough to cause the timing belt to slip with the results being terminal for the engine. Cam shafts wore prematurely due to lack of lubrication, auto gearboxes failed due to blocked galleries, cylinder liner gaskets were made out of paper which failed easily and allowed to coolant to mix with oil, which main bearings do not like at all apparently! Front wishbones were made out of tin foil and……well you get the idea.
A fit Gamma Coupe is a wonderous machine, the 2.5 litre boxer engine throbs menacingly at idle but delivers a heroically broad spread of torque, starting just above idle and giving the car effortless performance and driveability. At 80mph/4000 rpm it is smooth and vibration free and feels at its happiest. The flat four engine enabled the designers to maximize the benefit of a low center of gravity (in the Coupe at least) and the car has outstanding handling compared to many modern cars – it must have been a revelation at launch. Staying flat through corners, the balance is magical and especially when you consider the suspension is compliant and soaks up bumps with contempt.
When I look at the ashes of Lancia today, a once proud, engineering-led company reduced to re-badged Chryslers, it’s easy to see the roots of their demise in the Gamma. A brilliantly designed car starved of development and constructed from low quality materials.
The Lancia Gamma was a front-wheel drive car with longitudinally-mounted boxer engine and with either a 5-speed manual transmission and later a 4-speed automatic transmission.[1] The Gamma received a midcycle face-lift, receiving Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection as well as a new corporate grille, 15-inch "sunburst" alloy wheels, and a revised interior with new instrumentation, interior lighting, badging, handbrake and gear lever gaiter.
Though Fiat had planned to use one of their V6 engines, Lancia developed unique flat-4 engines for the Gamma. The Lancia Flavia and Flavia Coupe had used 1.8 and 2.0 litre flat four engines. Engine designer De Virgilio also drew up an engine for the Gamma which was a V6 4-cam with either 3- or 4-litre displacement, but this never came to fruition.
The flat engine, though large for a modern 4-cylinder petrol engine, lacked the cachet associated with six and eight cylinder engines but enabled Pininfarina chief stylist Aldo Brovarone to lower the coupé's bonnet line and to steeply rake its windscreen.
Pressure cast in alloy with wet cylinder liners, the engine was light and though it only produced 140 bhp (104 kW), (120 bhp (89 kW) in 2.0-litre form) its torque was available at just 2000 rpm.
Initially available with a displacement of 2.5 L (Gamma 2500), it was later joined by a 2.0 L version (Gamma 2000), which resulted from the Italian tax system (cars with engines larger than 2.0 L are subject to heavier tax burden). The displacement was lowered by decreasing the bore rather than the stroke of the engine. Both displacements were using Weber carburetors, and the 2.5 L also came in a version fitted with fuel injection (Gamma 2500 I.E.)
2.0 L carburetor 8v SOHC flat-4 - 1999 cc, 115 PS (85 kW)
2.5 L carburetor 8v SOHC flat-4 - 2484 cc, 140 PS (103 kW)
2.5 L I.E. 8v SOHC flat-4 - 2484 cc, 140 PS (103 kW)
The Lancia Gamma came into being despite some not inconsiderable setbacks. It was the first Lancia produced under Fiat’s ownership and was developed in conjunction with Citroen and the CX. The car was to comprise the best of what both companies could offer including amongst other things, Citroen’s trademark hydraulic suspension. Two models were designed by Pininfarina, the Berlina (saloon) and the Coupe.
The Coupe was produced at the Pininfarina facility alongside the Ferrari 400, and the Berlina model was built by Lancia. Released to unsuspecting owners in 1976, from the word go the car quickly developed a reputation for mechanical fragility. The decision to run the power steering pump from one of the timing belts proved to be the principal cause of an early death. A cold morning combined with a dose of full lock on startup was enough to cause the timing belt to slip with the results being terminal for the engine. Cam shafts wore prematurely due to lack of lubrication, auto gearboxes failed due to blocked galleries, cylinder liner gaskets were made out of paper which failed easily and allowed to coolant to mix with oil, which main bearings do not like at all apparently! Front wishbones were made out of tin foil and……well you get the idea.
A fit Gamma Coupe is a wonderous machine, the 2.5 litre boxer engine throbs menacingly at idle but delivers a heroically broad spread of torque, starting just above idle and giving the car effortless performance and driveability. At 80mph/4000 rpm it is smooth and vibration free and feels at its happiest. The flat four engine enabled the designers to maximize the benefit of a low center of gravity (in the Coupe at least) and the car has outstanding handling compared to many modern cars – it must have been a revelation at launch. Staying flat through corners, the balance is magical and especially when you consider the suspension is compliant and soaks up bumps with contempt.
When I look at the ashes of Lancia today, a once proud, engineering-led company reduced to re-badged Chryslers, it’s easy to see the roots of their demise in the Gamma. A brilliantly designed car starved of development and constructed from low quality materials.
The Lancia Gamma was a front-wheel drive car with longitudinally-mounted boxer engine and with either a 5-speed manual transmission and later a 4-speed automatic transmission.[1] The Gamma received a midcycle face-lift, receiving Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection as well as a new corporate grille, 15-inch "sunburst" alloy wheels, and a revised interior with new instrumentation, interior lighting, badging, handbrake and gear lever gaiter.
Though Fiat had planned to use one of their V6 engines, Lancia developed unique flat-4 engines for the Gamma. The Lancia Flavia and Flavia Coupe had used 1.8 and 2.0 litre flat four engines. Engine designer De Virgilio also drew up an engine for the Gamma which was a V6 4-cam with either 3- or 4-litre displacement, but this never came to fruition.
The flat engine, though large for a modern 4-cylinder petrol engine, lacked the cachet associated with six and eight cylinder engines but enabled Pininfarina chief stylist Aldo Brovarone to lower the coupé's bonnet line and to steeply rake its windscreen.
Pressure cast in alloy with wet cylinder liners, the engine was light and though it only produced 140 bhp (104 kW), (120 bhp (89 kW) in 2.0-litre form) its torque was available at just 2000 rpm.
Initially available with a displacement of 2.5 L (Gamma 2500), it was later joined by a 2.0 L version (Gamma 2000), which resulted from the Italian tax system (cars with engines larger than 2.0 L are subject to heavier tax burden). The displacement was lowered by decreasing the bore rather than the stroke of the engine. Both displacements were using Weber carburetors, and the 2.5 L also came in a version fitted with fuel injection (Gamma 2500 I.E.)
2.0 L carburetor 8v SOHC flat-4 - 1999 cc, 115 PS (85 kW)
2.5 L carburetor 8v SOHC flat-4 - 2484 cc, 140 PS (103 kW)
2.5 L I.E. 8v SOHC flat-4 - 2484 cc, 140 PS (103 kW)
This shows the development under construction in early 2011. Designed by Bernard Taylor Partnership architects and built for Mosscare housing, the development consists of houses and flats with mixed tenure for sale as freehold properties, shared ownership and for rent as social housing. The streets are named after northern author and former Moss Side resident Mary Gaskell and her literary works.
09/06/2022. Blackpool, United Kingdom. Prime Minister Boris Johnson learns how to lay bricks from students at the Construction Skills Centre at the Blackpool and Fylde College. Picture by Andrew Parsons / No 10 Downing Street
Circular ownership stamp C V P F from the Collegium Urbanum de Propaganda Fide (Rome)
Established heading: Collegium Urbanum de Propaganda Fide
Penn Libraries call number: GrC Ar466 Ef54.9 1630
LEGAL NOTICE | protected work • All Rights reserved © B. Egger photographer retains ownership and all copyrights in this work.
photographer | Bernard Egger • collections • sets..
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod ФК Волга vs Sheffield Wednesday F.C.
📷 | IFCS Int. football camps Styria - ФК Волга - SWFC 0:0
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FC «Volga» - www.fcvolgann.ru/ - was created in 1963 by a merger of two clubs: «Torpedo» and «Raketa». After the first season «Volga» was able to get to the top division. «Volga» spent a season in the top football society under the sign of embarrassing mistakes and fatal bad luck. Our team’s fate has been settled in an additional match for the 13th place. «Torpedo Kutaisi» was our opponent. Georgians won with a 4:2 score, and «Volga» lost its place in the first group of Class «A». Then «Volga» took the 4 th place in the 1968 season in the second group «A» class (similar to the current First division) and thrice (1971, 1972 and 1974) our team became the bronze medalist of zonal tournament in the second league. «Volga» participated in the championships of the USSR until the season of 1984.
In 2008 FC «Volga» won a first place in the area of the «Ural-Volga» region of second division. It also won the PFL Cup, a tournament of winners of five zones of the second division. «Volga» played with teams from Premier League in the Cup of Russia. Our club defeated «Saturn», but «Tom» was stronger in the penalty shoot-out. «Volga’s»debut in the first division was successful. In 2009, the team demonstrated a nice game and good results. The club made record series of 16 consecutive matches without loss. In addition, our guys took first place in the second round and became the fourth team of the First Division in season of 2009. In May 2010 Omari Tetradze became a head coach of the club. Under his leadership the club resulted in a second place. ‘Volga» got the largest number of victories (10), scored the most goals (62) and lost the fewest games (5). Otar Martsvaladze became the best scorer of the First Division.
2011 the club has started in the Premier League.
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: Футбольный Клуб "Волга" Нижний Новгород) is a Russian football club from Nizhny Novgorod, founded in 1963. In 2008, FC Volga won the Ural-Povolzhye (Volga Region in Russian) zone of the Russian Second Division and advanced to the Russian First Division. It finished First Division as 4th in 2009 and finished one as 2nd in 2010 and promoted to Russian Premier League for 2011 season. Promotion to the top league was secured after 2-2 draw with Nizhny Novgorod at Nizhny Novgorod derby on November 3, 2010. info: [ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Volga_Nizhny_Novgorod ]
www.rfpl.org/clubs-volga/igrok
PLAYERS
No./Position /Player Игроки ФК «Волга»:
24 MF Ruslan Pashtov , 28 MF Aleksandr Semyachkin
30 GK Aleksandr Sholokhman , 35 MF Roman Boldyrev
44 DF Vladislav Rikovskiy , 47 MF Dmitri Vershinin
51 MF Roman Dzhigkayev , 52 FW Mikhail Sorochkin
53 DF Pavel Averin , 55 DF Pavel Pashin
62 DF Vasili Samokhvalov, 66 FW Alan Kadzhayev
71 GK Mikhail Malyshev, 73 FW Vladislav Chernikov
79 DF Shamil Kurbanov, 88 DF David Kokhia
91 DF Artyom Abramov, 92 MF Ilya Syomin
93 MF Ivan Strelov
No./Position/Player SWFC (as of 05 July 2011):
1 GK Nicky Weaver, 3 DF Lewis Buxton, 6 DF Michael Morrison,
7 DF Mark Reynolds, 10 DF Daniel Jones, 13 GK Richard O'Donnell
15 DF Mark Beevers, 17 MF James O'Connor, 22 DF Reda Johnson
23 MF Jermaine Johnson, 24 MF Chris Sedgwick, 25 GK Arron Jameson
28 FW Nathan Modest, 29 MF Liam Palmer, 30 FW Clinton Morrison
32 FW Gary Madine, 34 GK Sean Cuff, 35 MF Cecil Nyoni
36 DF Jon Otsemobor, -- DF Julian Bennett, -- DF Rob Jones
-- MF David Prutton
Now in the loving ownership of bus enthusiast (and former Hants & Dorset employee) Trevor Shore and a popular feature at many bus rallies in the Hampshire and Dorset areas, former Hants & Dorset Bristol Lodekka FLF 1254 is seen here approaching the southern end of the Cattle Market car park in Winchester after returning from a journey on service 22. Built in 1968, this particular Bristol Lodekka FLF almost suffered a premature end when it was one of a group of buses and coaches which were caught up in a major fire whilst parked up inside the former Hants & Dorset bus station in Bournemouth back in 1976. As a 21 year-old conductor with Hants & Dorset at the time, Trevor Shore leapt into the cab of 1254 in order to drive it out from the raging inferno in Bournemouth bus station and thus H&D 1254 still survives in preservation to this day, where its former conductor is now its (very) proud owner who uses the vehicle for wedding hires and other private hire work in the Bournemouth and wider Dorset area with his company Dekkabus.
Thomas Ender (Wien 1793 - 1875 Wien)
The Port of Trieste as Seen from the New Hospital, 1837
Blick vom neuen Lazarett auf den Hafen von Triest
Aquarell, Lichter ausgekratzt
Watercolour, scratched-out highlights
Privatbesitz, Sammlung Erzherzog Johann
Private Ownership, Collection Archduke Johann
The Art of the Viennese Watercolor
Till 13. May 2018
Transparent lightness, brilliant colours, and a generally atmospheric impression are the special qualities of 19th-century Viennese watercolor painting. Virtuosic city views and landscapes, detail-rich portraits, genre paintings, and floral works comprise the rich motivic repertoire featured in this glorious blossoming of Austrian art.
The Viennese watercolor’s heyday was the Biedermeier era: Jakob Alt, Matthäus Loder, Thomas Ender, and Peter Fendi number among its most important artistic figures.
Likewise outstanding are the exquisite works by Rudolf von Alt from his over 70-year career. His masterful watercolours run from the Biedermeier era all the way to the rise of the Secession movement around 1900.
This exhibition presents a veritable parade of exceptionally beautiful pictures, including the ALBERTINA’s own treasures as well as important loan works, all of which pay impressive tribute to the high standing of the Viennese watercolor in the context of 19th century art.
www.albertina.at/en/exhibitions/viennese_watercolour/
On view from 16 February until 13 May 2018.
The Albertina
The architectural history of the Palais
"It is my will that the expansion of the inner city of Vienna with regard to a suitable connection of the same with the suburbs as soon as possible is tackled and at this on Regulirung (regulation) and beautifying of my Residence and Imperial Capital is taken into account. To this end I grant the withdrawal of the ramparts and fortifications of the inner city and the trenches around the same".
This decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I, published on 25 December 1857 in the Wiener Zeitung, formed the basis for the largest the surface concerning and architecturally most significant transformation of the Viennese cityscape. Involving several renowned domestic and foreign architects a "master plan" took form, which included the construction of a boulevard instead of the ramparts between the inner city and its radially upstream suburbs. In the 50-years during implementation phase, an impressive architectural ensemble developed, consisting of imperial and private representational buildings, public administration and cultural buildings, churches and barracks, marking the era under the term "ring-street style". Already in the first year tithe decided a senior member of the Austrian imperial family to decorate the facades of his palace according to the new design principles, and thus certified the aristocratic claim that this also "historicism" said style on the part of the imperial house was attributed.
It was the palace of Archduke Albrecht (1817-1895), the Senior of the Habsburg Family Council, who as Field Marshal held the overall command over the Austro-Hungarian army. The building was incorporated into the imperial residence of the Hofburg complex, forming the south-west corner and extending eleven meters above street level on the so-called Augustinerbastei.
The close proximity of the palace to the imperial residence corresponded not only with Emperor Franz Joseph I and Archduke Albert with a close familial relationship between the owner of the palace and the monarch. Even the former inhabitants were always in close relationship to the imperial family, whether by birth or marriage. An exception here again proves the rule: Don Emanuel Teles da Silva Conde Tarouca (1696-1771), for which Maria Theresa in 1744 the palace had built, was just a close friend and advisor of the monarch. Silva Tarouca underpins the rule with a second exception, because he belonged to the administrative services as Generalhofbaudirektor (general court architect) and President of the Austrian-Dutch administration, while all other him subsequent owners were highest ranking military.
In the annals of Austrian history, especially those of military history, they either went into as commander of the Imperial Army, or the Austrian, later kk Army. In chronological order, this applies to Duke Carl Alexander of Lorraine, the brother-of-law of Maria Theresa, as Imperial Marshal, her son-in-law Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, also field marshal, whos adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, the last imperial field marshal and only Generalissimo of Austria, his son Archduke Albrecht of Austria as Feldmarschalil and army Supreme commander, and most recently his nephew Archduke Friedrich of Austria, who held as field marshal from 1914 to 1916 the command of the Austro-Hungarian troops. Despite their military profession, all five generals conceived themselves as patrons of the arts and promoted large sums of money to build large collections, the construction of magnificent buildings and cultural life. Charles Alexander of Lorraine promoted as governor of the Austrian Netherlands from 1741 to 1780 the Academy of Fine Arts, the Théâtre de Ja Monnaie and the companies Bourgeois Concert and Concert Noble, he founded the Academie royale et imperial des Sciences et des Lettres, opened the Bibliotheque Royal for the population and supported artistic talents with high scholarships. World fame got his porcelain collection, which however had to be sold by Emperor Joseph II to pay off his debts. Duke Albert began in 1776 according to the concept of conte Durazzo to set up an encyclopedic collection of prints, which forms the core of the world-famous "Albertina" today.
1816 declared to Fideikommiss and thus in future indivisible, inalienable and inseparable, the collection 1822 passed into the possession of Archduke Carl, who, like his descendants, it broadened. Under him, the collection was introduced together with the sumptuously equipped palace on the Augustinerbastei in the so-called "Carl Ludwig'schen fideicommissum in 1826, by which the building and the in it kept collection fused into an indissoluble unity. At this time had from the Palais Tarouca by structural expansion or acquisition a veritable Residenz palace evolved. Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen was first in 1800 the third floor of the adjacent Augustinian convent wing adapted to house his collection and he had after 1802 by his Belgian architect Louis de Montoyer at the suburban side built a magnificent extension, called the wing of staterooms, it was equipped in the style of Louis XVI. Only two decades later, Archduke Carl the entire palace newly set up. According to scetches of the architect Joseph Kornhäusel the 1822-1825 retreaded premises presented themselves in the Empire style. The interior of the palace testified from now in an impressive way the high rank and the prominent position of its owner. Under Archduke Albrecht the outer appearance also should meet the requirements. He had the facade of the palace in the style of historicism orchestrated and added to the Palais front against the suburbs an offshore covered access. Inside, he limited himself, apart from the redesign of the Rococo room in the manner of the second Blondel style, to the retention of the paternal stock. Archduke Friedrich's plans for an expansion of the palace were omitted, however, because of the outbreak of the First World War so that his contribution to the state rooms, especially, consists in the layout of the Spanish apartment, which he in 1895 for his sister, the Queen of Spain Maria Christina, had set up as a permanent residence.
The era of stately representation with handing down their cultural values found its most obvious visualization inside the palace through the design and features of the staterooms. On one hand, by the use of the finest materials and the purchase of masterfully manufactured pieces of equipment, such as on the other hand by the permanent reuse of older equipment parts. This period lasted until 1919, when Archduke Friedrich was expropriated by the newly founded Republic of Austria. With the republicanization of the collection and the building first of all finished the tradition that the owner's name was synonymous with the building name:
After Palais Tarouca or tarokkisches house it was called Lorraine House, afterwards Duke Albert Palais and Palais Archduke Carl. Due to the new construction of an adjacently located administration building it received in 1865 the prefix "Upper" and was referred to as Upper Palais Archduke Albrecht and Upper Palais Archduke Frederick. For the state a special reference to the Habsburg past was certainly politically no longer opportune, which is why was decided to name the building according to the in it kept collection "Albertina".
This name derives from the term "La Collection Albertina" which had been used by the gallery Inspector Maurice von Thausing in 1870 in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts for the former graphics collection of Duke Albert. For this reason, it was the first time since the foundation of the palace that the name of the collection had become synonymous with the room shell. Room shell, hence, because the Republic of Austria Archduke Friedrich had allowed to take along all the movable goods from the palace in his Hungarian exile: crystal chandeliers, curtains and carpets as well as sculptures, vases and clocks. Particularly stressed should be the exquisite furniture, which stems of three facilities phases: the Louis XVI furnitures of Duke Albert, which had been manufactured on the basis of fraternal relations between his wife Archduchess Marie Christine and the French Queen Marie Antoinette after 1780 in the French Hofmanufakturen, also the on behalf of Archduke Charles 1822-1825 in the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory by Joseph Danhauser produced Empire furnitures and thirdly additions of the same style of Archduke Friedrich, which this about 1900 at Portois & Ffix as well as at Friedrich Otto Schmidt had commissioned.
The "swept clean" building got due to the strained financial situation after the First World War initially only a makeshift facility. However, since until 1999 no revision of the emergency equipment took place, but differently designed, primarily the utilitarianism committed office furnitures complementarily had been added, the equipment of the former state rooms presented itself at the end of the 20th century as an inhomogeneous administrative mingle-mangle of insignificant parts, where, however, dwelt a certain quaint charm. From the magnificent state rooms had evolved depots, storage rooms, a library, a study hall and several officed.
Worse it hit the outer appearance of the palace, because in times of continued anti-Habsburg sentiment after the Second World War and inspired by an intolerant destruction will, it came by pickaxe to a ministerial erasure of history. In contrast to the graphic collection possessed the richly decorated facades with the conspicuous insignia of the former owner an object-immanent reference to the Habsburg past and thus exhibited the monarchial traditions and values of the era of Francis Joseph significantly. As part of the remedial measures after a bomb damage, in 1948 the aristocratic, by Archduke Albert initiated, historicist facade structuring along with all decorations was cut off, many facade figures demolished and the Hapsburg crest emblems plunged to the ground. Since in addition the old ramp also had been cancelled and the main entrance of the bastion level had been moved down to the second basement storey at street level, ended the presence of the old Archduke's palace after more than 200 years. At the reopening of the "Albertina Graphic Collection" in 1952, the former Hapsburg Palais of splendour presented itself as one of his identity robbed, formally trivial, soulless room shell, whose successful republicanization an oversized and also unproportional eagle above the new main entrance to the Augustinian road symbolized. The emocratic throw of monuments had wiped out the Hapsburg palace from the urban appeareance, whereby in the perception only existed a nondescript, nameless and ahistorical building that henceforth served the lodging and presentation of world-famous graphic collection of the Albertina. The condition was not changed by the decision to the refurbishment because there were only planned collection specific extensions, but no restoration of the palace.
This paradigm shift corresponded to a blatant reversal of the historical circumstances, as the travel guides and travel books for kk Residence and imperial capital of Vienna dedicated itself primarily with the magnificent, aristocratic palace on the Augustinerbastei with the sumptuously fitted out reception rooms and mentioned the collection kept there - if at all - only in passing. Only with the repositioning of the Albertina in 2000 under the direction of Klaus Albrecht Schröder, the palace was within the meaning and in fulfillment of the Fideikommiss of Archduke Charles in 1826 again met with the high regard, from which could result a further inseparable bond between the magnificent mansions and the world-famous collection. In view of the knowing about politically motivated errors and omissions of the past, the facades should get back their noble, historicist designing, the staterooms regain their glamorous, prestigious appearance and culturally unique equippment be repurchased. From this presumption, eventually grew the full commitment to revise the history of redemption and the return of the stately palace in the public consciousness.
The smoothed palace facades were returned to their original condition and present themselves today - with the exception of the not anymore reconstructed Attica figures - again with the historicist decoration and layout elements that Archduke Albrecht had given after the razing of the Augustinerbastei in 1865 in order. The neoclassical interiors, today called after the former inhabitants "Habsburg Staterooms", receiving a meticulous and detailed restoration taking place at the premises of originality and authenticity, got back their venerable and sumptuous appearance. From the world wide scattered historical pieces of equipment have been bought back 70 properties or could be returned through permanent loan to its original location, by which to the visitors is made experiencable again that atmosphere in 1919 the state rooms of the last Habsburg owner Archduke Frederick had owned. The for the first time in 80 years public accessible "Habsburg State Rooms" at the Palais Albertina enable now again as eloquent testimony to our Habsburg past and as a unique cultural heritage fundamental and essential insights into the Austrian cultural history. With the relocation of the main entrance to the level of the Augustinerbastei the recollection to this so valuable Austrian Cultural Heritage formally and functionally came to completion. The vision of the restoration and recovery of the grand palace was a pillar on which the new Albertina should arise again, the other embody the four large newly built exhibition halls, which allow for the first time in the history of the Albertina, to exhibit the collection throughout its encyclopedic breadh under optimal conservation conditions.
The palace presents itself now in its appearance in the historicist style of the Ringstrassenära, almost as if nothing had happened in the meantime. But will the wheel of time should not, cannot and must not be turned back, so that the double standards of the "Albertina Palace" said museum - on the one hand Habsburg grandeur palaces and other modern museum for the arts of graphics - should be symbolized by a modern character: The in 2003 by Hans Hollein designed far into the Albertina square cantilevering, elegant floating flying roof. 64 meters long, it symbolizes in the form of a dynamic wedge the accelerated urban spatial connectivity and public access to the palace. It advertises the major changes in the interior as well as the huge underground extensions of the repositioned "Albertina".
Christian Benedictine
Art historian with research interests History of Architecture, building industry of the Hapsburgs, Hofburg and Zeremonialwissenschaft (ceremonial sciences). Since 1990 he works in the architecture collection of the Albertina. Since 2000 he supervises as director of the newly founded department "Staterooms" the restoration and furnishing of the state rooms and the restoration of the facades and explores the history of the palace and its inhabitants.
Communities Cabinet Secretary Angela Constance announces £350K for the Community Ownership Support Service. Pictured with staff and volunteers at The Green Room in Kirknewton, who have benefited from COSS.
An oil palm plantation near Lake Sentarum, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Photo by Tim Cronin/CIFOR
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Pulgar, Fernando de: Libro de los claros varones de Castilla. Toledo: Juan Vázquez, 24 Dec. 1486. Page of text (a4r) with annotations in lower margin and ownership inscription of Juan Apoveda (16th/17th century): “Liber quiest Ioanis apoueda.” Sp Coll Hunterian Bx.3.43.
To view more of my images, of Stowe Landscape Gardens please click "here"
The gardens (known as Stowe Landscape Gardens), a significant example of the English garden style, along with part of the Park, passed into the ownership of The National Trust in 1989 and are open to the public. The parkland surrounding the gardens is open 365 days a year. National Trust members have free access to the gardens but there is a charge for all visitors to the house which goes towards the costs of restoring the building. In the 1690s, Stowe had a modest early-baroque parterre garden, owing more to Italy than to France, but it has not survived, and, within a relatively short time, Stowe became widely renowned for its magnificent gardens created by Lord Cobham. The Landscape garden was created in three main phases, showing the development of garden design in 18th-century England (this is the only garden where all three designers worked). From 1711 to c.1735 Charles Bridgeman was the garden designer and John Vanbrugh the architect from c.1720 until his death in 1726. They designed an English baroque park, inspired by the work of London, Wise and Switzer. After Vanbrugh's death James Gibbs took over as architect in September 1726. He also worked in the English Baroque style. In 1731 William Kent was appointed to work with Bridgeman, whose last designs are dated 1735 after which Kent took over as the garden designer. Kent had already created the glorious garden at Rousham House, and he and Gibbs built temples, bridges, and other garden structures. Kent's masterpiece at Stowe is the Elysian Fields with its Temple of Ancient Virtue that looks across to his Temple of British Worthies. Kent's architectural work was in the newly fashionable Palladian style. In March 1741, Capability Brown was appointed head gardener. He worked with Gibbs until 1749 and with Kent until the latter's death in 1748. Brown departed in the autumn of 1751 to start his independent career as a garden designer. In these years, Bridgeman's octagonal pond and 11-acre (4.5 ha) lake were extended and given a "naturalistic" shape, and a Palladian bridge was added in 1744, probably to Gibbs's design. Brown contrived a Grecian valley which, despite its name, is an abstract composition of landform and woodland, and developed the Hawkwell Field, with Gibbs's most notable building, the Gothic Temple (now one of the properties leased from the National Trust but maintained by The Landmark Trust). As Loudon remarked in 1831, "nature has done little or nothing; man a great deal, and time has improved his labours". After Brown left, Earl Temple, who had inherited Stowe from his uncle Lord Cobham, turned to a garden designer called Richard Woodward, who had been gardener at Wotton House, the Earl's previous home. The work of naturalising the landscape started by Brown was continued under Woodward and was accomplished by the mid-1750s. At the same time Earl Temple turned his attention to the various temples and monuments. He altered several of Vanburgh's and Gibbs's temples to make them conform to his taste for Neoclassical architecture. To accomplish this he employed Giovanni Battista Borra from 1752 to 1756. Also at this time several monuments were moved to other parts of the garden. Earl Temple made further alterations in the gardens from the early 1760s. This is when several of the older structures were demolished and this time he turned to his cousin Thomas Pitt, 1st Baron Camelford who was assisted by Borra, whose most notable design was the Corinthian Arch. The next owner of Stowe, the Marquess of Buckingham, made relatively few changes to the gardens. He planted the two main approach avenues, added 28-acre (11 ha) to the garden east of the Cobham Monument and altered a few buildings. Vincenzo Valdrè was his architect and built a few new structures such as The Menagerie with its formal garden and the Buckingham Lodges at the southern end of the Grand Avenue, and most notably the Queen's Temple. He also created the formal gardens within the balustrade he added to the south front of the house and demolished a few more monuments in the gardens. The last significant changes to the gardens were made by the next two owners of Stowe, the 1st and 2nd Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos. The former succeeded in buying the Lamport Estate in 1826, which was immediately to the east of the gardens, adding 17 acres (6.9 ha) to the south-east of the gardens to form the Lamport gardens. This work was overseen by the head gardener, James Brown, who remodelled the eastern arm of the Octagon Lake and created a cascade beyond the Palladian Bridge. From 1840 the 2nd Duke of Buckingham's gardener Mr Ferguson created rock and water gardens in the new garden. The architect Edward Blore was also employed to build the Lamport Lodge and Gates as a carriage entrance, and also remodelled the Water Stratford Lodge at the start of the Oxford Avenue. As Stowe evolved from an English baroque garden into a pioneering landscape park, the gardens became an attraction for many of the nobility, including political leaders. Indeed, Stowe is said to be the first English garden for which a guide book was produced. Wars and rebellions were reputedly discussed among the garden's many temples; the artwork of the time reflected this by portraying caricatures of the better-known politicians of history taking their ease in similar settings. Stowe began to evolve into a series of natural views to be appreciated from a perambulation rather than from a well-chosen central point. In their final form the Gardens were the largest and most elaborate example of what became known in Europe as the English garden. The main gardens, enclosed within the ha-has (sunken or trenched fences) over four miles (6 km) in length, cover over 400 acres (160 ha), but the park also has many buildings, including gate lodges and other monuments. Many of the temples and monuments in the garden celebrate the political ideas of the Whig party and include quotes by many of the writers who are part of Augustan literature, also philosophers and ideas belonging to the Age of Enlightenment.
Stowe House is a grade I listed country house in Stowe, Buckinghamshire, England. It is the home of Stowe School, an independent school and is owned by the Stowe House Preservation Trust who have to date (March 2013) spent more than £25m on the restoration of the house. Stowe House is regularly open to the public and can be explored by guided tour all year round or during the school holidays you can explore at your own pace with a multimedia guide.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
To view a map of the gardens, please click "here"
Leaf a1r of an incunable edition of the works of Tibullus, Catullus and Propertius with commentaries by Berardin Cyllenius, Antonius Parthenius Lacisius, and Filippo Beroaldo (Venice: Boneto Locatelli for Ottaviano Scotto, 9 December 1491; ISTC it00372000)
Established heading: Locatelli, Boneto, active 1486-1523
Established heading: Scotto, Ottaviano, -1498
At head of leaf:
Bibliotec[a]e ordinis pr[a]edica[torum] S: Coron[a]e uicenti[a]e ad sinistram
[Early ms. ownership inscription of the library of the Dominican community associated with the Chiesa di Santa Corona, Vicenza, Italy.
Established heading: Chiesa di Santa Corona (Vicenza, Italy)]
Penn Libraries call number: Inc T-372 Folio
Penn Libraries catalog record
Photo by Lucy McHugh/CIFOR
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★ Rathaus (12.3.1938)
Beim Einmarsch deutscher Truppen besucht Adolf Hitler seine „Jugendstadt“. Während ihm zehntausende Menschen am Hauptplatz zujubeln, werden NS-GegnerInnen bereits inhaftiert, geschlagen und ermordet.
★ Rathaus (1.1.1944)
Franz Langoth wird Oberbürgermeister von Linz. Lange hält sich nach 1945 der Mythos von Langoths Einsatz für eine kampflose Übergabe von Linz, der zu einem Gutteil auf einer Berichtsfälschung beruht.
★ Rathaus (1939)
Mitarbeiter des Wahl- und Einwohneramts erstellen eine „Liste der Rassenjuden“. Sie liefert die Grundlage für die rassistische Verfolgung der jüdischen Bevölkerung von Linz.
★ Hauptplatz (19.2.1939)
Beim Faschingsumzug zeigt sich der tief sitzende Antisemitismus: Die bösartigen Karikaturen von Juden durch verkleidete Linzer finden besonderen Beifall.
★ Nibelungenbrücke (Juni 1938 - Sommer 1940)
Als Baustoff für die Nibelungenbrücke kommt unter anderem Granit zum Einsatz, der im nahe gelegenen KZ Mauthausen unter brutalsten Bedingungen abgebaut wird.
★ Hauptstraße 16 (19.3.1938)
Alexander, Eduard und Friederike Spitz, die InhaberInnen der Weinhandlung Ferihumer, begehen Selbstmord. Auch andere Menschen jüdischer Herkunft sehen in diesen Tagen nur im Freitod einen Ausweg.
★ Rudolfstraße 6-8 (1938 - 1942)
Der Besitz der Familie M. wird „arisiert“ und von Franz Peterseil, Gauinspektor der NSDAP, übernommen. Er war zuvor Chauffeur bei M. Leopold M. wird als 99-jähriger nach Theresienstadt deportiert.
★ Rudolfstraße 18 (1941 - 1945)
Franz Tschaff organisiert als Leiter der Abteilung „Arbeitereinsatz“ auch Arbeitsaufträge für ZwangsarbeiterInnen. Für den Bau der Luftschutzkeller setzt das Stadtbauamt KZ-Häftlinge ein.
★ Altstadt 3 (1941)
Die elfjährige Pauline H. meldet ihre Nachbarn wegen Abhören eines Feindsenders. Ein Opfer der Denunziation, Josefa F., wird zu einem Jahr Zuchthaus verurteilt.
★ Altstadt 12 (21.5.1938)
Hans A. besucht die 2. Klasse Volksschule in Kleinmünchen. Im Mai muss er in die neu gegründete „Judenschule“ in der Altstadt wechseln, die nach dem Novemberpogrom aufgelöst wird.
★ Landhaus (Februar 1945)
Landrat Adolf Dietscher formiert eine „Volkssturm“-Truppe zur Verfolgung der rund 500 aus dem KZ Mauthausen entflohenen sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen – die so genannte „Mühlviertler Hasenjagd“.
★ Landhaus (1944)
Elmira Koref ersucht Gauleiter Eigruber vergebens um die Freilassung ihres inhaftierten Mannes. Ernst Koref wird am 7. Mai 1945 von der amerikanischen Besatzungsmacht als Bürgermeister eingesetzt.
★ Ecke Hauptplatz/Schmidtorgasse (15.3.1938)
Das Warenhaus Kraus & Schober wird von der NS-Propaganda als Symbol „jüdischen Wuchers“ attackiert und zugunsten der NSDAP „arisiert“. Der frühere Besitzer begeht im KZ Dachau Selbstmord.
★ Landstraße 18-20 (1942 - 1943)
Der Gelegenheitsdieb Alois G. stiehlt hier, vor dem Gasthaus „Zur Goldenen Kanone“, ein Fahrrad. Er wird erwischt. Als „Schädling der Volksgemeinschaft“ wird er zum Tode verurteilt und hingerichtet.
★ Graben 30 (15.3.1938)
Der Zahntechniker Heinrich S. verwehrt sich in einer Annonce gegen den Verdacht, er sei Jude. Wie er, weisen unmittelbar nach dem „Anschluss“ viele Geschäftsleute ihren Betrieb als „arisch“ aus.
★ Marienstraße 8 (April 1945)
Anton A. ist Abteilungsleiter bei der Stadtverwaltung und kritisiert die Exekution zweier „Ostarbeiterinnen“ wegen Milchdiebstahls als unmenschlich. Er wird zum Tode verurteilt und erschossen.
★ Landstraße 31 (1940/41)
Ordensschwester Kamilla wirft einem französischen Kriegsgefangenen ein Paar wollene Strümpfe aus dem Fenster des Klosters zu. Sie wird zu 4 Wochen Gefängnis verurteilt.
★ Ursulinenhof (April 1945)
Die Wehrmachtssanitätshelferin Stefanie L. wartet wegen unerlaubter Entfernung vom Dienst im Wehrmachtsgefängnis Ursulinenhof auf ihren Prozess. Sie wird zu 6 Monaten Gefängnis verurteilt.
★ Landstraße 49 (1939 - 1944)
Oskar H., Präsident der Industrie- und Handelskammer, ist für die „Arisierung“ jüdischer Betriebe verantwortlich. Er bereichert sich auch persönlich als „Ariseur“.
★ Mozartstraße 6-10 (1941)
Im Polizeigefängnis wartet die Magd Katharina G. auf ihren Prozess wegen einer sexuellen Beziehung zu einem französischen Kriegsgefangenen. Sie wird zu einem Jahr Haft verurteilt.
★ Bischofstraße 3 (1914 - 1933)
Hier verbringt Adolf Eichmann seine Jugend. In der NS-Zeit organisiert er die Deportation der jüdischen Bevölkerung. Er ist mitverantwortlich für die Ermordung von rund 6 Millionen Menschen.
★ Bischofstraße 7 (18.3.1938)
Der Rechtsanwalt Karl Schwager, Vorsitzender der Kultusgemeinde, wird kurz nach dem „Anschluss“ verhaftet. Er kommt mit der Auflage frei, das Land zu verlassen. 1939 wandert er nach Palästina aus.
★ Herrenstraße 19 (1943)
Franz Jägerstätter sucht Rat bei Bischof Fließer - er kann den Kriegsdienst für Hitler nicht mit seinem Glauben vereinbaren. Jägerstätter wird als Wehrdienstverweigerer am 9.8.1943 hingerichtet.
★ Spittelwiese 5 (12.3.1938)
Am Tag des „Anschlusses“ besetzen Nationalsozialisten die Druckerei Gutenberg und benennen sie in „NS-Druckerei und Verlag Linz“ um. Am 13. März erscheint die erste Ausgabe des NS-Kampfblattes „Arbeitersturm“.
★Landestheater (September 1944)
33 Bedienstete des Landestheaters - Schauspieler, Musiker, Bühnenarbeiter – werden vom Arbeitsamt zur Bewachung von KZ-Häftlingen in den Linzer Nebenlagern des KZ Mauthausen „notdienstverpflichtet“.
★ Landestheater Linz (1943 - 1945)
Franz Léhars „Land des Lächelns“ feiert Publikumserfolge. Der jüdische Librettist des Stücks, Fritz Beda-Löhner, bleibt ungenannt. Er ist am 4. Dezember 1942 im KZ Auschwitz ermordet worden.
★ Klammstraße 7 (25.9.1944)
Camilla E. hilft Kriegsgefangenen mit Essen und Kleidung. Sie verbreitet Weissagungen über das nahe Ende des „Dritten Reiches“. Eine anonyme Anzeige führt zu ihrer Verhaftung und Hinrichtung.
★ Märzenkeller (Februar 1944 - April 1945)
Etwa 250 Häftlinge aus dem Nebenlager Linz II des KZ Mauthausen werden zum Bau von Luftschutzkellern und für die Entschärfung von Blindgängern nach Luftangriffen eingesetzt.
★ „Aphrodite-Tempel“ Bauernbergpark (1942)
Die „Aphrodite“ wird von Kunststudierenden im Mai 2008 verhüllt, um daran zu erinnern, dass sie ein Geschenk Hitlers an Linz war. Die Stadt Linz entfernt daraufhin die Statue.
★ Stockbauerstraße 11 (August 1938)
Hermann S. ist Rechtsanwalt und war bis 1934 Gemeinderatsmitglied der Sozialdemokratischen Partei. Seine Villa wird zugunsten des Gaus eingezogen und an Johanna Eigruber, Frau des Gauleiters, verkauft.
★ Robert-Stolz-Straße 12 (1939 - 1944)
Die Jüdin Ida B. flieht aus der Ukraine. Sie arbeitet unter einem Decknamen als Haushälterin bei einem SS-Sturmbannführer. 1944 wird sie verhaftet und ins KZ Auschwitz deportiert.
★ Hauptbahnhof (16.6.1938)
Als Regimegegner werden oberösterreichische Politiker und Intellektuelle unter brutalsten Misshandlungen der SS-Wachmannschaften in das KZ Dachau deportiert.
★ Hauptbahnhof (1941)
Die beiden Löwen werden vom NS-Regime beim Halleiner Steinmetz Jakob Adelhart in Auftrag gegeben. 1999 erklärt der Linzer Gemeinderat sie nach Diskussionen für ideologisch unbedenklich.
★ Unionkreuzung (1942)
Eduard C. baut gemeinsam mit anderen Lehrlingen eine kommunistische Widerstandsgruppe innerhalb der Reichsbahn auf, die antifaschistische Flugblätter verbreitet und Sabotageakte verübt.
★ Wiener Straße 150 (Oktober - November 1945)
Hier trifft sich jeden Samstag das „Haarabschneiderkommando“ - hunderte ehemalige HJ-Mitglieder -, um Frauen zu bedrohen, die angeblich engeren Kontakt zu amerikanischen Soldaten pflegen.
★ Wiener Straße 545-549 (1938)
In der neu errichteten Kaserne werden SS-Totenkopfverbände zur Bewachung des KZ Mauthausen untergebracht. Ab 1940 dienen sie als Umsiedlerlager, nach 1945 als Lager „Davidstern“ für jüdische DPs.
★ Dauphinestraße (1942 - 1945)
In der Kleinmünchner Spinnerei befindet sich eines von sechs Linzer „Ostarbeiter“-Lagern für Frauen: 1944 sind 51% der „Ostarbeiter“ weiblich.
★ Siemensstraße (27.4.1945)
Gisela T. wird 1944 als kommunistische Widerstandskämpferin verhaftet. Wenige Tage vor Kriegsende wird sie hier, im Arbeitserziehungslager Schörgenhub, erschossen.
★ Ramsauerstraße/Uhlandstraße (Oktober 1945 - 1950)
Im Lager Bindermichl werden nach der Befreiung jüdische „Displaced Persons“ untergebracht - aus KZs befreite Jüdinnen und Juden. Sie warten auf Visa für Einwanderungsländer, vor allem in die USA und nach Palästina.
★ Siedlung Spallerhof/Muldenstraße (1938 - 1945)
Für ArbeiterInnen der Rüstungsbetriebe werden neue Wohnungen gebaut. Um eine zugesprochen zu bekommen, müssen die AnwärterInnen eine „rassenhygienische Untersuchung“ über sich ergehen lassen.
★ Niedernharter Straße 10 (1938 - 1945)
In der Landesheil- und Pflegeanstalt Niedernhart werden rund 800 geistig und körperlich behinderte Menschen als „lebensunwert“ kategorisiert und brutal ermordet.
★ Katzenau, alter Lagerplatz der Familie Kerndlbacher (1938)
Hier wird Rosa W. verhaftet, weil sie eine Sintiza ist. Im Lager Maxglan wählt Leni Riefenstahl sie als Statistin aus, nach einem Fluchtversuch kommt sie ins KZ Ravensbrück. 1945 kann sie entkommen.
★ Krankenhausstraße 9 (Mai 1943 - Mai 1945)
Im AKH und in der Landesfrauenklinik Linz werden in diesem Zeitraum mindestens 972 Zwangsabtreibungen durchgeführt. Opfer sind vor allem „Ostarbeiterinnen“.
★ Kaplanhofstraße 40 (1944 - 1945)
Vom Frauengefängnis Kaplanhof gehen regelmäßig Transporte von politischen Gegnerinnen in verschiedene Konzentrationslager ab, etwa in das KZ Ravensbrück.
★ Untere Donaulände 74 (1944)
Josef T. formiert in der Tabakfabrik eine kommunistische Widerstandsgruppe. Er wird im KZ Mauthausen auf Befehl des Gauleiters kurz vor der Befreiung gemeinsam mit anderen erschossen.
★ Donaulände (April 1945)
Bei den „Todesmärschen“ kommen tausende KZ-Häftlinge auf Frachtkähnen nach Linz, um weiter ins KZ Ebensee getrieben zu werden. Viele kommen dabei ums Leben.
★ Donaulände/Zollamtstraße 6 (13.3.1938)
Nach dem „Anschluss“ kommt es zu gewalttätigen Angriffen auf die jüdische Bevölkerung. Im Café „Olympia“ wird Ernst S. unter dem Beifall einer riesigen Menschenmenge misshandelt und verhaftet.
★ Lederergasse 20 (1943)
Die Lehrerin Hermine L. schreibt mehrere regimekritische Briefe an ihren Bruder Walter, der als Wehrmachtssoldat in Wien stationiert ist. Beide werden zum Tode verurteilt und hingerichtet.
★ Museumstraße 14 (1941 - 1945)
Geraubte Kunst bildet eine Basis für das von Hitler geplante neue Kunstmuseum. Heinrich J. Sch., Leiter der Kunstgeschichtlichen Abteilung am Landesmuseum, ist aktiv am Sammlungsaufbau beteiligt.
★ Museumstraße 12 (April 1944)
Anna H. beschimpft Hitler und gibt ihm die Schuld am Ausbruch des Krieges. Sie wird in Linz zu 3 Jahren Haft verurteilt, das Berliner Reichsgericht dehnt die Haft auf 5 Jahre aus.
★ Museumstraße 12 (4.12.1940)
Die 68-jährige Zeugin Jehovas Rosa P. wird aufgrund ihres Glaubensbekenntnisses und wegen „Wehrkraftzersetzung“ zu 6 Monaten Gefängnis verurteilt.
★ Museumstraße 12 (September 1938)
Franziska K. wird von ihrer Nachbarin denunziert. Der Besitz von Aktfotos ist ausschlaggebend für die Verurteilung als Homosexuelle: Sie verbüßt 4 Monate schweren Kerkers.
★ Fadingerstraße 4 (1913 - 1921)
Ernst Kaltenbrunner besucht hier die Oberschule. 1943 wird er Leiter des Reichssicherheitshauptamts. Er ist maßgeblich verantwortlich für die Ermordung von 6 Millionen Juden und Jüdinnen.
★ Bethlehemstraße 26 (9./10.11.1938)
In der Nacht dringt eine Einheit der SA in die Linzer Synagoge ein und setzt sie in Brand. Die Feuerwehr verhindert lediglich das Übergreifen der Flammen auf benachbarte Gebäude.
★ Hessenplatz (1944 - 1945)
Nach Luftangriffen brechen Aufräumkommandos, gebildet aus ZwangsarbeiterInnen, ZivilarbeiterInnen und KZ-Häftlingen, von hier zu Bergungsarbeiten auf.
★ Langgasse 13 (1938 - 1945)
Im Hauptquartier der Gestapo werden tausende GegnerInnen des NS-Regimes brutal gefoltert. Hier beginnt die Karriere Franz Stangls, der später in den KZs Sobibor und Treblinka Massenmorde organisiert.
★ Wurmstraße 7 (1939 - 1945)
Das Linzer Gesundheitsamt entscheidet im Sinne der NS „Erb- und Rassenpflege“ über etwa 1000 Zwangssterilisationen sowie Eheverbote und die Bekämpfung „Asozialer“.
★ Wurmstraße 11 (1940)
Das NS-Jugend- und Fürsorgeamt rühmt sich der hohen Zahl an Einweisungen von „Asozialen“ in Arbeits- und Zwangsarbeitslager. Der Leiter, Rudolf H., bleibt nach 1945 ein hoher Magistratsbeamter.
★ Gesellenhausstraße 21 (1936 - 1938)
Stefan Sch., fanatischer Nazi der ersten Stunde, verantwortet vor dem „Anschluss“ Produktion und Verbreitung des illegalen antisemitischen NS-Hetzblattes „Der Österreichische Beobachter“.
★ Volksgartenstraße 14 (Juni 1938)
Der Direktor der Blindenanstalt Johann Gruber wird wegen antinationalsozialistischer Äußerungen verhaftet, zu 3 Jahren schwerem Kerker verurteilt und 1944 im KZ Gusen ermordet.
★ Volksgartenstraße 18 (1938 - 1945)
83.000 Mitglieder zählen die NS-Frauenorganisationen in Oberdonau. Maria Sch., Leiterin der NS-Frauenschaft, seit 1932 illegales NSDAP-Mitglied, wird 1948 zu drei Jahren Haft verurteilt.
★ Volksgarten (7.9.1941)
Wegen sexueller Annäherung an einen Soldaten im Volksgarten wird Franz M. zu einem Jahr Kerker verurteilt, danach ins KZ Dachau überstellt und 1944 im Vernichtungslager Majdanek ermordet.
★ Schillerplatz 1 (März 1938)
Das Kolosseum-Kino wird von seinen jüdischen BesitzerInnen verpachtet, um die „Arisierung“ zu verhindern. Eine ehemalige Angestellte lässt den Tarnversuch auffliegen.
★ Schillerstraße 26 (9.3.1942)
„Wegen dem Scheiß-Führer haben wir kein Brot“, ruft Eleonore B. im Gasthaus „Zum Waldhorn“ wütend aus. Männer vom Stammtisch zeigen sie an. Sie wird zu 14 Monaten Haft verurteilt.
★ Goethestraße 63 (Sommer 1945 - 1954)
Simon Wiesenthal, Überlebender des KZ Mauthausen, spürt im Auftrag der amerikanischen Besatzer für die „Jüdische Historische Kommission“ NS-Kriegsverbrecher auf. Sein Zugang lautet: „Recht, nicht Rache“.
Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva tours the Home Ownership Providing Energy (HOPE) Development at Vespera Gardens.
IMF Photo/Kim Haughton
16 June 2022
Greenwich, Barbados
Photo ref: KH220616096.jpg
Designed by Bernard Taylor Partnership architects and built for Mosscare housing, the development consists of houses and flats with mixed tenure for sale as freehold properties, shared ownership and for rent as social housing. The streets are named after northern author and former Moss Side resident Mary Gaskell and her literary works.
The ownership of the FC Cincinnati MLS team has demolished a number of buildings surrounding its stadium and plans to build "a transformative mix of amenities including a hotel, food and beverage, retail, and residential properties."
Cincinnati, OH. September 8, 2024. Shot on a Hasselblad Xpan II and Kodak Portra 400. Developed and scanned by The Darkroom.
In the late 16th century the land hereabouts was being farmed by Henry Leech. In 1598, however, the “messuage and moiety” of the farm -something not unlike the modern concept of leasehold ownership- was transferred to “Brian Sixsmith of Ashton, yeoman,” for £16 17s 6d. An additional 7s 8d per annum was payable to local manorial lords, the Gerards, who still retained an interest in the property. The purchaser was also required to a) do "suit and service" in the court of and pay reasonable fines to the Gerards, b) find one sufficient footman to serve the Gerards in wartime and c) refrain from digging "any coles of or in the before-bargained premises ... but only such as shall be burned and occupied or ymployed in and upon the same tenements and premises...".
The Grammar School at nearby Seneley Green had been established as a charitable trust in 1588 in accordance with the wishes of its founder Robert Byrchall. By the middle of the 17th century interest on the original bequest of £60 was barely meeting the running costs and it seems that the trustees resolved to gamble everything -”the remaining stock”- on the purchase of a farm. Up to this point it must have been known by some other name but we can positively identify the property as Charity Farm from the description given in a document of 1629 confirming the transfer of ownership from Brian Sixsmith to the School:
"a farm formerly in the tenure of Humphrey Leech and now of Brian and William Sixsmith, with closes called 'the two sheep crofts'(1½a.), a close called 'the little meadow' (½a.), a close called 'the barne hey' (2½a.), 3 closes called 'the higher crofts and the lower croft' (2a.), a close called 'the pyngott' (3r), and a lane leading from Ashton towards Billinge as far as a close called 'the hooke'." (1)
Mistakenly believing that they still owned the rights to the minerals under Charity Farm, Sir John Gerard and his successor had purported to lease these to Samuel Stock. (2) From pits sunk on the adjoining land, Stock had for more than 20 years been extracting coal from underneath the Farm. The School trustees began legal proceedings against him in 1875 (by which time, ironically, Samuel Stock was himself a trustee of the Ashton Stock Charities as well as their tenant at Charity Farm) and the case eventually came before the Chancery Division of the High Court:
“The three Plaintiffs were the present trustees of the charity, (3) and they instituted the suit with the sanction of the Charity Commissioners. By their bill they alleged that the Defendant, by means of openings from mines in the adjacent lands, had entered the mines and strata under their lands without their license, and had gotten and carried away therefrom coal to a large extent, and had made levels in their mines, and carried away the materials, and had used such levels and the mines of the Plaintiffs for carrying coals and materials to and from the mines under the adjacent lands, and for the passage of air, and other purposes; and they prayed for an injunction to restrain the Defendant from digging and getting any coals or minerals from, and from using any passages within or under their said farm and lands; that the Defendant might be decreed to pay to them the value at the pit-bank of all coal gotten by him (including therein coal rendered unworkable in the course of such getting) under the said farm and lands, and to pay a way-leave rent in respect of all substances conveyed by him through or under the said farm and lands from or to any other mines worked by him; and for ancillary relief.
The Defendant, by his answer, alleged that he had always understood and believed that the mines and beds of coal under the Plaintiffs' farm and lands had been reserved to the late Sir John Gerard and his predecessors in title, and he admitted the acts of which the Plaintiffs complained, but he alleged that he was a lessee of the said mines of coal under a lease thereof made by the late Sir John Gerard...; and that … no right to or interest in the mines and beds of coal under the farm and lands thereby granted passed to Bryan Sixsmithe, his heirs and assigns, … but that … the said mines and beds of coal remained vested in the Gerard family..., as whose lessee the Defendant claimed the right to work them... The Defendant further alleged that he commenced to work to get the coals under the Plaintiffs' lands twenty years and upwards before the filing of the bill, and that, though the trustees of the charity, or some of them, had been aware of his workings from their first commencement, no objection thereto was ever raised until May, 1874, a year before the filing of the bill; and he claimed the benefit of the Statute of Limitations.
It appeared from the evidence that the Defendant began working in the year 1847, with the knowledge of one of the former trustees (4) who was under the impression that the coal did not belong to the charity; but that the three present trustees being advised, in the year 1869, that the coal was theirs, a letter had been written by their authority to the Defendant, suggesting that he should take a lease from them of the mines under their farm, to which the Defendant had replied in a letter dated the 16th of November, 1869, wherein he admitted his working under their land, claimed the right to do so as lessee from Sir John Gerard, to whom, he asserted, the minerals in question belonged, and suggested that the trustees had better consult their deed. Nothing further was done from the date of this letter until, by the direction of the Charity Commissioners, this bill was filed...”. (5)
In a landmark decision which saw “Ashton-v-Stock” cited as precedent in numerous subsequent cases and legal texts throughout the British Empire, the Court found that
1. The right to extract (though not to sell) coal from the land under the farm had transferred to Brian Sixsmith under the conveyance of 1598 and then from him to the Grammar School. Samuel Stock had obtained no such right under the Statute of Limitations or otherwise and, to this extent, his activities were unlawful.
2. The Grammar School was entitled to an injunction and to 6 years' worth of the profits that Stock had made from his enterprise.
3. Because Stock had acted in good faith he would be allowed to retain a sum equivalent to the costs incurred by him in extracting the coal and bringing it to market.
Ultimately the School was awarded £2211 3s 4d in damages. The trustees were later able to use this to meet the costs of a new building when the Grammar School was re-established on land off Wigan Road in Ashton in 1891.
(1) Wigan Archives ref. D/DS 55/A/4: “Brian Sixsmith of Ashton, yeoman, William Sixsmith his son, and Thomas his second son, to Richard Birchall, Lawrence Edleston, Richard Clough, Henry Lowe, Peter Leyland, John Byrom, David Pendlebury, Robert Knowle, Thomas Darbyshire, Thomas Edleston, Richard Crompton, and John Gerard, all of Ashton, yeomen, feoffees of the free grammar school. Messuage and moiety of a farm..., 1629. A 19th century copy of and extract from the deed, possibly made in connection with the Ashton-v-Stock proceedings, are at D/DS 55/A/5.
(2) Lancashire Archives refs. DDGE(E) 915 (“To Mr Samuel Stock; Counterpart Lease (for 30 years - determinable as within mentioned) of Coal Mines in Ashton Billinge and Winstanley”, 1 June 1842) and DDGE(E) 899 ("To Mr Samuel Stock: Counterpart lease of Coal Mines in Billinge Winstanley & Ashton", 2July 1860).
(3) Joseph Ashton, James Billinge and Thomas Downall.
(4) Henry Shaw, hinge-maker and a stalwart of the Park Lane Chapel congregation over many years, had discharged the role of “Acting Trustee” for the Grammar School and other Ashton charities from 1819 until 1852. He then resigned and was replaced in the role by James Billinge. The position seems to have been equivalent to that of managing director in a public limited company.
(5) From the report at (1877) 6 Ch D 719. Further particulars of the case are included in a report of 28 August 1877 at 25 W.R. 862 and in contemporary newspaper accounts.
Images:
Left, from top: (1877) 6 Ch D 719 (headnote); Charity Farm labourers, c. 1900; looking north-east from the Pyngoyt on 21 June 2023 (farm buildings out of frame to right).
Main photograph: Farmhouse from Arch Lane, 25 May 2023.
This image is excerpted from a U.S. GAO report:
www.gao.gov/products/GAO-15-502
INDIAN ENERGY DEVELOPMENT: Poor Management by BIA Has Hindered Energy Development on Indian Lands
Note: Fee ownership land may be owned by the tribe or tribal member and can be subject to restrictions against alienation.
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photographer | Bernard Egger.. • collections.. • sets..
📷 | 2008 Ex Biotop Bad Mitterndorf • Styria 💚 A # 6264 wp
© Dieses Foto darf ohne vorherige Lizenzvereinbarung keinesfalls publiziert oder an nicht berechtigte Nutzer weiter gegeben werden.
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😢 Heute ist dieses natürliche Biotop leider verschwunden - der Natur geraubt - und dem Profit der EU Landwirtschaft gewichen, trocken gelegt und zur Gülledeponie umfunktioniert! *)
Keine geschützten Pflanzen, keine Blumenwiese, dafür Bienensterben und erbärmlicher Reizgas-Gestank ...
----
Hinterberg | ⚠️ WER SEINE HEIMAT LIEBT, zerstört sie nicht!
#rumoto_images, #Bernard_Egger, #DasGrueneHerz, Австрия, Fotográfico, 奥地利, Ex Biotop, Bad Mitterndorf, Hinterberg, Biotop, Biotopnetz, Land Steiermark, Styria, Steiermark, Salzkammergut, Österreich, Austria, Autriche, Grimming, Mountain, Monte, Monolith, Mons Anasia, Ennsberg, Monte Anasy, Grimay, Grimei, Grimmer, Grimmerscharte, Glimmer, Les Alpes, Le Alpi, Alps, Alpen, Ostalpen, Gebirge, majestätisch, dominant, alpine landscape, Natur, nature, countryside, outdoor, stunning, awesome, posters, Poster, Kunstdruck, 哈斯達特, 欧洲, 奥地利, A Picture Of Austria, sign, Bienensterben, Landwirtschaft, Güledeponie, Pflanzenschutz, Blumenwiese, Monokultur, Umweltsünder, Biolandwirt,
AUSTRIA - one of the most beautiful countries. Styria
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photographer | Bernard Egger • collections • sets..
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod ФК Волга vs Sheffield Wednesday F.C.
📷 | IFCS Int. football camps Styria - ФК Волга - SWFC 0:0
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licence | → for any user agreement please contact Bernard Egger.
FC «Volga» - www.fcvolgann.ru/ - was created in 1963 by a merger of two clubs: «Torpedo» and «Raketa». After the first season «Volga» was able to get to the top division. «Volga» spent a season in the top football society under the sign of embarrassing mistakes and fatal bad luck. Our team’s fate has been settled in an additional match for the 13th place. «Torpedo Kutaisi» was our opponent. Georgians won with a 4:2 score, and «Volga» lost its place in the first group of Class «A». Then «Volga» took the 4 th place in the 1968 season in the second group «A» class (similar to the current First division) and thrice (1971, 1972 and 1974) our team became the bronze medalist of zonal tournament in the second league. «Volga» participated in the championships of the USSR until the season of 1984.
In 2008 FC «Volga» won a first place in the area of the «Ural-Volga» region of second division. It also won the PFL Cup, a tournament of winners of five zones of the second division. «Volga» played with teams from Premier League in the Cup of Russia. Our club defeated «Saturn», but «Tom» was stronger in the penalty shoot-out. «Volga’s»debut in the first division was successful. In 2009, the team demonstrated a nice game and good results. The club made record series of 16 consecutive matches without loss. In addition, our guys took first place in the second round and became the fourth team of the First Division in season of 2009. In May 2010 Omari Tetradze became a head coach of the club. Under his leadership the club resulted in a second place. ‘Volga» got the largest number of victories (10), scored the most goals (62) and lost the fewest games (5). Otar Martsvaladze became the best scorer of the First Division.
2011 the club has started in the Premier League.
FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: Футбольный Клуб "Волга" Нижний Новгород) is a Russian football club from Nizhny Novgorod, founded in 1963. In 2008, FC Volga won the Ural-Povolzhye (Volga Region in Russian) zone of the Russian Second Division and advanced to the Russian First Division. It finished First Division as 4th in 2009 and finished one as 2nd in 2010 and promoted to Russian Premier League for 2011 season. Promotion to the top league was secured after 2-2 draw with Nizhny Novgorod at Nizhny Novgorod derby on November 3, 2010. info: [ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Volga_Nizhny_Novgorod ]
www.rfpl.org/clubs-volga/igrok
PLAYERS
No./Position /Player Игроки ФК «Волга»:
24 MF Ruslan Pashtov , 28 MF Aleksandr Semyachkin
30 GK Aleksandr Sholokhman , 35 MF Roman Boldyrev
44 DF Vladislav Rikovskiy , 47 MF Dmitri Vershinin
51 MF Roman Dzhigkayev , 52 FW Mikhail Sorochkin
53 DF Pavel Averin , 55 DF Pavel Pashin
62 DF Vasili Samokhvalov, 66 FW Alan Kadzhayev
71 GK Mikhail Malyshev, 73 FW Vladislav Chernikov
79 DF Shamil Kurbanov, 88 DF David Kokhia
91 DF Artyom Abramov, 92 MF Ilya Syomin
93 MF Ivan Strelov
No./Position/Player SWFC (as of 05 July 2011):
1 GK Nicky Weaver, 3 DF Lewis Buxton, 6 DF Michael Morrison,
7 DF Mark Reynolds, 10 DF Daniel Jones, 13 GK Richard O'Donnell
15 DF Mark Beevers, 17 MF James O'Connor, 22 DF Reda Johnson
23 MF Jermaine Johnson, 24 MF Chris Sedgwick, 25 GK Arron Jameson
28 FW Nathan Modest, 29 MF Liam Palmer, 30 FW Clinton Morrison
32 FW Gary Madine, 34 GK Sean Cuff, 35 MF Cecil Nyoni
36 DF Jon Otsemobor, -- DF Julian Bennett, -- DF Rob Jones
-- MF David Prutton
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photographer | Bernard Egger.. • collections • sets
event | 2010 ENNSTAL-CLASSIC • Styria 💚 Austria
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-
rumoto images, 2010 Ennstal-Classic, 写真家, カメラマン, 摄影师, Bernard Egger, photography, Nikon FX, Моторспорт фотография, Motorsport, Моторспорт, classiche, classica, classic cars, vintage cars, storiche, historic cars, motoring, historique, heritage, sports cars, машина, авто, Automobile, 車, european cars, Sportwagen, classic sports cars, Oldtimer, Passione, Mythos, legends, Leggenda,
Ownership inscription of Arcangelo Carcano.
Printed label and ownership inscriptions from the Dominican house San Giovanni in Canale, Piacenza, Italy
Penn Libraries call number: Inc B-695
Penn Libraries catalog record
Sunbeam F4 / Brush trolleybus 341 (NDH958) was new to Walsall Corporation in 1951.
Ownership of this vehicle passed to WMPTE in October 1969.
WMPTE's attitude to Walsall's trolleybuses was shown by the immediate decision to not allow WMPTE fleet names nor fleet number suffxes to be applied to them however they couldn't legally hide the ownership.
CertOfOwnershipWMPTE_341(NDH958)2062
According to a ms. note in this volume, this is the ownership inscription of Heinsius ("Ton 'Einsius"). Heinsius could be either Daniel Heinsius (1580-1655), classical scholar and librarian of Leiden University Library or his son Nicolaas Heinsius (1620-1681) a Dutch philologist and poet and book collector whose large library was auctioned after his death with a catalog "Bibliotheca Heinsiana, sive, Catalogus librorum, quos magno studio & sumtu, dum viveret, collegit" (1682). The same edition of this work (Gnōmologiai palaiotatōn poiētōn) is listed on p. 75 of the " Bibliotheca Heinsiana" (Cf. books.google.com/books?id=P2Y7AAAAcAAJ&printsec=front... )
To complicate matters Harvard records that their copy of this title held at Houghton Library (OCLC #613850347) was owned by Nicolaas Heinsius and bears his ownership mark: Ex Biblioth. Heinsii Lugduni Batauor. CD D C LXXXIII. Other than the "Ton "Einsius" title page marking there are no other marks of ownership suggesting a Heinsius provenance nor does this copy have annotations. For these reasons it is not clear that this copy was actually owned by Heinsius unless there were 2 copies sold.
Perhaps the marking refers to a different Heinsius altogether or is simply a note stating that he (Nicolaas) owned a copy of this work.
Established heading: Heinsius, Daniel, 1580-1655
Established heading: Hensius, Nicolaas, 1620-1681
Penn Libraries call number: GrC A100 553g
Littledown House was built sometime around 1798 and was the home of William Dean who was a major landowner in the area, and who was awarded fractionally less land than Sir George Tapps in the 'Christchurch Inclosure Act Awards 1805'. The Act allowed the barren heath that lay between Poole and Christchurch, until that point common land, to be put into private ownership and therefore set in motion the wheels that led to the founding of Bournemouth. William Dean also purchased further land to add to that which he had been awarded.
The Cooper-Dean name was, and still is to a certain extent, connected with this part of town, with the junction of Castle Lane East, Castle Lane West and the A338 Wessex Way being known as the Cooper-Dean roundabout, or more lattterly the Cooper-Dean flyover.
The pub adjacent to the roundabout was always known as The Cooper-Dean, and although that remains it's official name, it is more likely to be referred to as The Harvester since it became part of that national chain in the 1990s.
Littledown House is a rare early survivor, and predates the original Bournemouth that developed from it's humble beginnings around the mouth of the Bourne Stream from 1810. Unfortunately public access to the house and small grounds are forbidden by the JP Morgan Bank, the house's present owners.
When Littledown House was built, apart from the older communities such as Wick, Iford, Holdenhurst and Throop dotted along the Stour Valley, all that existed on the heath was Stourfield House, built in 1766 on the very edge of the heath at nearby Pokesdown, and Bourne House / Decoy Pond Cottage that stood where Debenhams now stands in The Square close to what was then the point at which the Bourne stream was crossed by way of a ford, on the main route across the heath between Christchurch and Poole.
Although Boscombe Cottage, where the present day Shelley Manor now stands in Beechwood Ave, wasn't built until 1801, it is possible that there was something going on there prior to that date.
The Dean family had connections with the surrounding area prior to the building of Littledown House and were an old Holdenhurst farming family.
Littledown House was built close to the ancient settlements of Holdenhurst and Iford, on land between the Stour Valley and the heath that lay between Christchurch and Poole. There was a farm associated with the house that continued to develop after the house was constructed.
The Dean family later became the Cooper-Dean family, who's family seat remained at Littledown House until the 1980s when the two last remaining members, a pair of spinster sisters, sold the Littledown Estate to Bournemouth Council.
The Cooper Dean's owned great swathes of land across Bournemouth including on the West Cliff and at Iford.
Generations of the family gave many gifts of land to the town including that upon which the Dean Court football ground was built.
The majority of the land associated with Littledown House was built upon, with the construction of the Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Littledown Centre, Littledown housing estate and the Chase Manhattan Bank Headquarters.
The bank, now called JP Morgan, had a large, distinctive, glass building constructed with Littledown House in the grounds, being restored and used as offices. The farm and farm buildings that adjoined Littledown House were swept aside as part of the redevelopment.
NOTE.
With regards to the construction date of Littledown House, it if often stated as having been built c1790, however in his book, 'A Fortune and a Family- Bournemouth and the Cooper Deans', a book i put off reading because i thought it would be a very dry read but is anything but, George Bruce puts the date of construction as c1798.
Interestingly he says it replaced an earlier property called Little Down that John Dean originally purchased in 1771, and was described thus...............
" Little Down, as it was then called, comprised a house with several rooms, a few small cottages, gardens, barns, stables, outhouses and orchards, with 56 acres of arable land and pasture......"
FURTHER READING.
'A Fortune and a Family- Bournemouth and the Cooper Deans' by George Bruce ISBN 0 9511896 0 3
09/06/2022. Blackpool, United Kingdom. Prime Minister Boris Johnson learns how to lay bricks from students at the Construction Skills Centre at the Blackpool and Fylde College. Picture by Andrew Parsons / No 10 Downing Street
"Gio[vanni] A[n]drea? Lorenzani"
Possibly the autograph of Giovanni Andrea Lorenzani (1637-1712), a brass maker, artist, dramatist and poet, who had one of the largest collections of books, medals, and art objects in Rome. He left the most important manuscripts and printed books from his library of 2,848 volumes to his grandson Luigi Vanvitelli. Cf. this article.
Established heading: Lorenzani, Giovanni Andrea, 1637-1712
Device of printer Melchiorre Sessa (Zappella 589).
Established heading: Haeredes Melchioris Sessae
Penn Libraries call number: IC55 V6672 587f
Koninklijke Bibliotheek 'S Gravenhage
Afgeschafte Dubbelen
Ownership and withdrawal stamps from the Royal Dutch Library (Koninklijke Bibliotheek) in the Hague, Netherlands.
Established heading: Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Netherlands)
Penn Libraries call number: GC55 St274 559h
According to this ms. note this volume was owned by Heinsius with his mark of ownership ("Ton 'Einsius"). Heinsius could be either Daniel Heinsius (1580-1655), classical scholar and librarian of Leiden University Library or his son Nicolaas Heinsius (1620-1681) a Dutch philologist and poet and book collector whose large library was auctioned after his death with a catalog "Bibliotheca Heinsiana, sive, Catalogus librorum, quos magno studio & sumtu, dum viveret, collegit" (1682). The same edition of this work (Gnōmologiai palaiotatōn poiētōn) is listed on p. 75 of the " Bibliotheca Heinsiana" (Cf. books.google.com/books?id=P2Y7AAAAcAAJ&printsec=front... )
To complicate matters Harvard records that their copy of this title held at Houghton Library (OCLC #613850347) was owned by Nicolaas Heinsius and bears his ownership mark: Ex Biblioth. Heinsii Lugduni Batauor. CD D C LXXXIII. Other than the "Ton "Einsius" title page marking there are no other marks of ownership suggesting a Heinsius provenance nor does this copy have annotations. For these reasons it is not clear that this copy was actually owned by Heinsius unless there were 2 copies sold.
Perhaps the marking refers to a different Heinsius altogether or is simply a note stating that he (Nicolaas) owned a copy of this work.
Established heading: Heinsius, Daniel, 1580-1655
Established heading: Hensius, Nicolaas, 1620-1681
Penn Libraries call number: GrC A100 553g
Private ownership breeds pride of ownership. The man shown here, a welder by trade, says that he purchased this from its original owner after that man's retirement.
Somehow, it doesn't seem to be over half of a century old!
Happy Truck Thursday!
Vatican City (/ˈvætɪkən/ (listen)), officially Vatican City State (Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano; Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is an independent city-state[9] enclaved within Rome, Italy. Established with the Lateran Treaty (1929), it is distinct from, yet under "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction" of the Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes). With an area of 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of about 1,000, it is the smallest sovereign state in the world by both area and population.
The Vatican City is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state (a type of theocracy) ruled by the pope who is the bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church. The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergy of various national origins. Since the return of the popes from Avignon in 1377, they have generally resided at the Apostolic Palace within what is now Vatican City, although at times residing instead in the Quirinal Palace in Rome or elsewhere.
The Holy See dates back to early Christianity, and is the primate episcopal see of the Catholic Church, with 1.3 billion Catholics around the world distributed in the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches. The independent Vatican City-state, on the other hand, came into existence on 11 February 1929 by the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy, which spoke of it as a new creation, not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States (756–1870), which had previously encompassed much of central Italy.
Within the Vatican City are religious and cultural sites such as St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel and the Vatican Museums. They feature some of the world's most famous paintings and sculptures. The unique economy of Vatican City is supported financially by the sale of postage stamps and souvenirs, fees for admission to museums, and sales of publications.
The name "Vatican" was already in use in the time of the Roman Republic for a marshy area on the west bank of the Tiber across from the city of Rome. Under the Roman Empire, many villas were constructed there, after Agrippina the Elder (14 BC – 18 October AD 33) drained the area and laid out her gardens in the early 1st century AD. In AD 40, her son, Emperor Caligula (31 August AD 12–24 January AD 41; r. 37–41) built in her gardens a circus for charioteers (AD 40) that was later completed by Nero, the Circus Gaii et Neronis,[17] usually called, simply, the Circus of Nero.
Even before the arrival of Christianity, it is supposed that this originally uninhabited part of Rome (the ager vaticanus) had long been considered sacred, or at least not available for habitation.[citation needed] A shrine dedicated to the Phrygian goddess Cybele and her consort Attis remained active long after the Constantinian Basilica of St. Peter was built nearby.
The particularly low quality of Vatican water, even after the reclamation of the area, was commented on by the poet Martial (40 – between 102 and 104 AD). Tacitus wrote, that in AD 69, the Year of the Four Emperors, when the northern army that brought Vitellius to power arrived in Rome, "a large proportion camped in the unhealthy districts of the Vatican, which resulted in many deaths among the common soldiery; and the Tiber being close by, the inability of the Gauls and Germans to bear the heat and the consequent greed with which they drank from the stream weakened their bodies, which were already an easy prey to disease".
The Vatican Obelisk was originally taken by Caligula from Heliopolis in Egypt to decorate the spina of his circus and is thus its last visible remnant.[22] This area became the site of martyrdom of many Christians after the Great Fire of Rome in AD 64. Ancient tradition holds that it was in this circus that Saint Peter was crucified upside-down.
Opposite the circus was a cemetery separated by the Via Cornelia. Funeral monuments and mausoleums and small tombs as well as altars to pagan gods of all kinds of polytheistic religions were constructed lasting until before the construction of the Constantinian Basilica of St. Peter's in the first half of the 4th century. Remains of this ancient necropolis were brought to light sporadically during renovations by various popes throughout the centuries, increasing in frequency during the Renaissance until it was systematically excavated by orders of Pope Pius XII from 1939 to 1941. The Constantinian basilica was built in 326 over what was believed to be the tomb of Saint Peter, buried in that cemetery.
From then on, the area became more populated in connection with activity at the basilica. A palace was constructed nearby as early as the 5th century during the pontificate of Pope Symmachus (reigned 498–514).[25]
To the black Camel, (1, Bogner alley 5, part, conscription number 312), house sign.
Here were originally two buildings: a house was already in the second quarter of the 15th century owned by bowyers and belonged in 1455 the bowyer Erhart Fütterer of Retz and 1458 the bowyer Stefan Leyser. The other house was also owned by bowyers. Its first documentary mention dates from the year 1456. In 1527 painter Hanns Gruntmann acquired both houses. His successor in ownership the two before 1539 had developed into one, which came in 1619 in the possession of the merchant Johann Baptist Cameel, who (coming from his native city of Brno to Vienna) established a spice factory here. He named his shop "The Black Camel" and later gave the house an identical sign. Since Cameel left large debts, the building together with his two other houses city 307 and 311 (both went up in the house Bogner alley 5) in 1640 was publicly auctioned and acquired by the tradesman Andre Getto, who also the house city 320 (Hallweilsches house; 3, part) possessed. After that, however, the three buildings had different owners again.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the store, which was expanded to a wine bar (wine and delicatessen), was frequented by the better society of Vienna and was known as a breakfast parlor. Beethoven was a frequent guest who bought wine, sugar and coffee from the then owner, Mrs. Stiebitz. The upper floor of the house was home to the poet and composer Friedrich August Kanne at the beginning of the 1820s. At that time, the building belonged to the k.k. Captain Franz Galle, who according to a commemorative publication (F.J. Stiebitz: commemorative on the occasion of the demolition of the old Kameelhaus in Bogner alley, 1901), is said to have become the first victim of the cholera raging in Vienna in 1830 and to have died within three hours.
Between 1828 and 1882 there are different details about this house: According to Czeike (Felix Czeike: Historical Dictionary of Vienna) house and wine bar 1828 were owned by Joseph Stiebitz († 1852), who the adjacent house "Zu den drei Tirolern (to the three Tyroleans)" (city 313 also Bogner alley 5) had to buy in order to use its first floor premise to expand his flourishing business. In 1882, his grandson (Franz) Josef Stiebitz was the owner.
Harrer (Paul Harrer: Vienna, its houses), however, indicates that the house was divided after Gaul's death on three heirs. The wine and delicatessen, however, belonged since May 1818 to Joseph Stiebitz and two co-owners and from 1823 Joseph Stiebitz alone. The interest payable for restaurants, wineries and dwellings amounted to 6,500 guilders in 1824, which was a very high amount for the time. In 1835 Stiebitz bought the neighboring house city 313 ("To the three Tyroleans" or "Zu den drei Schweizern/To the three Swiss men") in order to expand his business. Joseph Stiebitz also made a name for himself as the "father of the poor of the city". In addition to other foundations, he supported above all the still very young Handlungskrankeninstitut (hospital) "Confraternity", for whose chapel he donated a large part of the decoration. In 1830 he was appointed general director of the bourgeois merchant profession. He was also one of the first members of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (Society of Friends of the Music in Vienna). All parts of the house city 312 (but without the ownership rights to the shop) came under a inheritance contract from 2 May 1842 together with the house city 307 in one hand. On October 31, 1848, the house was hit by two shotgun balls, which penetrated through an iron-studded balcony in the back of the wine bar and were found only years later in an adaptation. When the troops moved into the city, nobody was allowed to show themselves on the streets or behind the windows. However, a maid ignored this ban and looked out of the window of this house, whereupon she was killed by a shotgun in front of the eyes of nineteen-year-old Rosa Stiebitz, the wife of Alois Stiebitz (son of Joseph Stiebitz). Rosa and Alois Stiebitz introduced regular music evenings in the house, in which the most important artists of the time were often and welcome guests. Between 1842 and 1882 the two houses 307 and 312 were built into one, which was acquired in 1882 by Franz Josef Stiebitz, who already owned the house city 313.
In 1901, the house together with the neighboring buildings city 313 and 314 was replaced by a new building designed by Julius Mayreder, in which the wine and delicatessen "Zum schwarzen Kameel (to the black Camel)" was again housed. It was still owned by the Stiebitz family until 1951 and was sold to the Erste Österreichische Sparkasse (First Austrian Savings Bank) this year.
From the family of Johann Baptist Cameel sprang the learned missionary and botanist P. Georg Josef Cameel (Camelius), after whom Carl Linnaeus one of him in the Philippines discovered flower "camellia" named.
See also: Bogner alley 5.
Dependence of the employee on the employer
The employees in the wine and delicatessen "To the black camel" had 1818 as employees accounts with their boss, on that their salary was booked on a monthly basis. As was customary a that time, no cash was issued. Only if one could motivate that one needed cash for a special occasion, money was paid out. The boss participated from time to time in the purchases. The thriftiness of the employees was promoted in such a way that some could become self-employed after 10 or 20 years with the saved money. Even the marriage license had to give the boss. The relationship of subservience of employees was emphasized by the fact that they were called "individuals" in their contracts, even if they were in a "high position".
Businesses and companies within the house over the years
Gewürzkrämerei (spice store) "To the black camel"
Wine and delicatessen "To the black camel"
Zum schwarzen Kameel, (1, Bognergasse 5, Teil; Konskriptionsnummer 312), Hausschild.
Hier standen ursprünglich zwei Gebäude: Ein Haus war schon ab dem zweiten Viertel des 15. Jahrhunderts im Besitz von Bognern und gehörte 1455 dem Bogner Erhart Fütterer von Retz und 1458 dem Bogner Stefan Leyser. Auch das andere Haus gehörte Bognern. Seine erste urkundliche Erwähnung stammt aus dem Jahr 1456. Im Jahr 1527 erwarb Maler Hanns Gruntmann beide Häuser. Sein Besitznachfolger ließ die beiden vor 1539 zu einem verbauen, das 1619 in den Besitz des Handelsmannes Johann Baptist Cameel kam, der (aus seiner Vaterstadt Brünn nach Wien gekommen) hier eine Gewürzkrämerei einrichtete. Sein Geschäft benannte er "Zum schwarzen Kameel" und gab später auch dem Haus ein gleichlautendes Schild. Da Cameel große Schulden hinterließ, wurde das Gebäude gemeinsam mit seinen beiden anderen Häusern Stadt 307 und 311 (beide gingen im Haus Bognergasse 5 auf) 1640 öffentlich versteigert und vom Handelsmann Andre Getto erworben, der auch das Haus Stadt 320 (Hallweilsches Haus; Am Hof 3, Teil) besaß. Danach hatten die drei Gebäude jedoch wieder unterschiedliche Besitzer.
Anfang 19. Jahrhundert wurde der zu einer Weinstube erweiterte Laden (Wein- und Delikatessenhandlung) von der besseren Gesellschaft Wiens gern aufgesucht und war vor allem als Frühstücksstube stadtbekannt. Beethoven war ein häufiger Gast, der bei der damaligen Besitzerin, Frau Stiebitz, Wein, Zucker und Kaffee kaufte. Im oberen Stockwerk des Hauses wohnte Anfang der 20er Jahre des 19. Jahrhunderts der Dichter und Komponist Friedrich August Kanne. Zu dieser Zeit gehörte das Gebäude dem k.k. Hauptmann Franz Galle, der laut einer Gedenkschrift (F. J. Stiebitz: Gedenkschrift anläßlich der Demolierung des alten Kameelhauses in der Bognergasse. 1901) das erste Opfer der 1830 in Wien grassierenden Cholera geworden und binnen drei Stunden gestorben sein soll.
Zwischen 1828 und 1882 gibt es unterschiedliche Angaben zu diesem Haus: Laut Czeike (Felix Czeike: Historisches Lexikon Wien) waren Haus und Weinstube 1828 im Besitz von Joseph Stiebitz († 1852), der das angrenzende Haus "Zu den drei Tirolern" (Stadt 313; heute ebenfalls Bognergasse 5) dazukaufen musste, um dessen Parterrelokal zur Erweiterung seines florierenden Geschäfts zu benützen. 1882 war sein Enkel (Franz) Josef Stiebitz Besitzer.
Harrer (Paul Harrer: Wien, seine Häuser) hingegen gibt an, dass das Haus nach Galles Tod auf drei Erben aufgeteilt wurde. Die Wein- und Delikatessenhandlung gehörte jedoch seit Mai 1818 Joseph Stiebitz und zwei Mitbesitzern und ab 1823 Joseph Stiebitz allein. Der zu zahlende Zins für Lokal, Kellereien und Wohnung betrug im Jahr 1824 6.500 Gulden, was für die damalige Zeit ein sehr hoher Betrag war. 1835 (nach der bereits erwähnten Gedenkschrift 1828) kaufte Stiebitz das Nachbarhaus Stadt 313 ("Zu den drei Tirolern" oder "Zu den drei Schweizern"), um sein Geschäft zu erweitern. Joseph Stiebitz machte sich auch einen Namen als "Armenvater der Stadt". Neben anderen Stiftungen unterstützte er vor allem das noch sehr junge Handlungskrankeninstitut "Confraternität", für dessen Kapelle er einen Großteil der Ausschmückung spendete. 1830 wurde er zum Generalvorstand des bürgerlichen Handelsstandes ernannt. Er gehörte außerdem zu den ersten Mitgliedern der Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde. Alle Teile des Hauses Stadt 312 (jedoch ohne die Besitzrechte am Geschäft) kamen laut einem Erbschaftsvertrag vom 2. Mai 1842 zusammen mit dem Haus Stadt 307 in eine Hand. Am 31. Oktober 1848 wurde das Haus von zwei Kartätschenkugeln getroffen, die durch einen mit Eisen beschlagenen Balkon in den hinteren Teil der Weinstube eindrangen und erst Jahre danach bei einer Adaptierung gefunden wurden. Als die Truppen in die Stadt einzogen, durfte sich niemand auf den Straßen oder hinter den Fenstern zeigen. Ein Dienstmädchen missachtete jedoch dieses Verbot und sah aus dem Fenster dieses Hauses, worauf es durch einen Flintenschuss vor den Augen der neunzehnjährigen Rosa Stiebitz, der Gattin von Alois Stiebitz (Sohn von Joseph Stiebitz), getötet wurde. Rosa und Alois Stiebitz führten im Haus regelmäßige Musikabende ein, bei denen die bedeutensten Künstler der damaligen Zeit oft und gern gesehene Gäste waren. Zwischen 1842 und 1882 wurden die beiden Häuser 307 und 312 zu einem verbaut, das 1882 von Franz Josef Stiebitz erworben wurde, der bereits das Haus Stadt 313 besaß.
1901 wurde das Haus samt den Nachbarhäusern Stadt 313 und 314 durch einen Neubau nach Plänen von Julius Mayreder ersetzt, in dem wieder die Wein- und Delikatessenhandlung "Zum schwarzen Kameel" untergebracht wurde. Es stand noch bis 1951 im Besitz der Familie Stiebitz und wurde in diesem Jahr an die Erste österreichische Sparkasse verkauft.
Aus der Familie des Johann Baptist Cameel entsproß der gelehrte Missionar und Botaniker P. Georg Josef Cameel (Camelius), nach dem Linné eine von ihm auf den Philippinen entdeckte Blume "Kamelie" benannte.
Siehe auch: Bognergasse 5.
Abhängigkeit der Arbeitnehmer vom Arbeitgeber
Die Arbeitnehmer in der Wein- und Delikatessenhandlung "Zum schwarzen Kameel" hatten 1818 als Angestellte Konten bei ihrem Chef, auf die ihr Gehalt monatlich gut gebucht wurde. Nach damaligem Brauch wurde kein Bargeld ausgestellt. Nur wenn man motivieren konnte, dass man aus einem besonderen Anlass Bargeld brauchte, wurde ausbezahlt. Der Chef beteiligte sich ab und zu bei den Ankäufen. Der Sparsinn der Angestellten wurde derart gefördert, dass sich manche nach 10 oder 20 Jahren mit dem gesparten Geld selbständig machen konnten. Selbst die Eheerlaubnis hatte den Chef zu erteilen. Das Untertänigheitsverhältnis der Angestellten wurde dadurch betont, dass sie in ihren Kontrakten "Individuen" genannt wurden, auch wenn sie sich in "gehobener Stellung" befunden.
Gewerbe und Firmen innerhalb des Hauses im Laufe der Jahre
Gewürzkrämerei "Zum schwarzen Kameel"
Wein- und Delikatessenhandlung "Zum schwarzen Kameel"