View allAll Photos Tagged OVERPOPULATION
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
Welcome to NEW HASHIMA(端島) - Sector 08. Built on the remnants of the old Hashima Island mining colony after overpopulation forced consideration of innovative development options. Sector 08 is home to middle through upper-class citizens of NewHashima and holds many of the more beautiful structures found in the island mega-city.
Welcome to NEW HASHIMA(端島) - Sector 08. Built on the remnants of the old Hashima Island mining colony after overpopulation forced consideration of innovative development options. Sector 08 is home to middle through upper-class citizens of NewHashima and holds many of the more beautiful structures found in the island mega-city.
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
Few foreigners can understand INDIA.
I still don't!
Few foreigners can tolerate even walking the streets.
Most tourists remain on buses or in taxis accompanied by guides /protectors because the culture shock is immense.
The intrusive begging, the chaotic overpopulation is overwhelming
India is not a place you just go to...............
Its another world............
MUMBAI
Photography’s new conscience
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
Jaylon Clawthorne, the eldest son of Duke Clawthorne and Hand of the Queen of Valmirion, made frequent journeys between Roncenoire and Ashkelon. To save time, he chose to take a more perilous route that led through a canyon in the territory of House Valor. This canyon was infamous for being filled with the failed results of human reincarnation experiments… undead creatures forever wandering in search of fresh meat.
The only way through was a series of unstable wooden boardwalks suspended above the chasm. The convoy was escorted by a patrol from House Valor, familiar with the terrain, yet the crossing remained dangerously unpredictable. The wood groaned under the weight of the horses, and every step felt like a gamble.
Was choosing the quicker path truly the wisest decision ?
This MOC was built for the “Pick Your Poison” category.
Here are the three constraints I chose:
Overpopulation – more than 15 minifigures
Beaten Track – footprints and signs of passage scattered throughout
Unstable Load – the wooden boards beneath the wagon have just given way under its weight
Welcome to NEW HASHIMA (端島), an urban landscape born from the ashes of the once-thriving Hashima Island mining colony. In a world teetering on the edge of cybernetic revolution and rampant overpopulation, this neon-lit megalopolis emerges as a gritty testament to society’s desperate pursuit of innovative development.
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by @generaljj_builds
Huge thanks to Jordan for taking and editing these photos!
Created in Google Gemini 2.5 Flash, aka, "Nano Banana."
See more here: www.youtube.com/@journeymanplayer7459
Bronseplassen, Høvåg, Lillesand, Norway.
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) is a period in European history, especially Northern European and Scandinavian history, following the Germanic Iron Age. It is the period of history when Scandinavian Norsemen explored Europe by its seas and rivers for trade, raids, colonization, and conquest. In this period, the Norsemen settled in Norse Greenland, Newfoundland, and present-day Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Normandy, Scotland, England, Ireland, Isle of Man, the Netherlands, Germany, Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey.
Viking travellers and colonists were seen at many points in history as brutal raiders. Many historical documents suggest that their invasion of other countries was retaliation in response to the encroachment upon tribal lands by Christian missionaries, and perhaps by the Saxon Wars prosecuted by Charlemagne and his kin to the south, or were motivated by overpopulation, trade inequities, and the lack of viable farmland in their homeland.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from what was written about the Vikings by their enemies, and primary sources of archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
Welcome to NEW HASHIMA (端島), an urban landscape born from the ashes of the once-thriving Hashima Island mining colony. In a world teetering on the edge of cybernetic revolution and rampant overpopulation, this neon-lit megalopolis emerges as a gritty testament to society’s desperate pursuit of innovative development.
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Very happy to share some quality photos of my recent NH build. Definitely one of my personal favorites so far. Enjoy and stay tuned for more Cyberpsychos!!!
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
yourself
amongst this onslaught of humanity.
I ask this because this is truly very typical of INDYYYA.
INDYYYYA is not a fun place.
Because i shoot it, raw, uncensored it is thrilling/at times euphoric. It is why I say Man created the camera.
But for most WESTERNERS I am sure it is a royal pain in the ass.
Especially in the non winter months.
Most of the day is spent avoiding 100's of aggressive beggars who are not in the best shape
and in the non winter months the excessive heat!
I see INDYA as a battleground.
It is hot, chaotic, Uber overpopulated, and can make many a man or woman attempt to get the next plane out.
I fight back. I love it. I hate it. I am challenged by it.
It is unconquerable. It is filthy, it is real, it makes no pretense,
it is a socio-psychological study of mankind.
Old Delhi
Photography’s new conscience
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
Urbex Benelux -
Urban decay is a process by which a city or a part of a city falls in to a state of disrepair. Signs of urban decay include population decline, overpopulation, housing stock deterioration, and increases in crime.
Subcategories
Prins Hendrikkade 09/12/2019 19h30
A zeppelin, a submarine, a rocket or a huge fish? It is a blue-lit bomb called Big Bang on the Prins Hendrikkade.
Amsterdam Light Festival
Amsterdam Light Festival is an annual light art festival in Amsterdam. Artists, architects and (light) designers from all over the world bring their light artworks and installations alive during the festival every winter.
The theme of edition #8 is DISRUPT!. In line with the theme 'DISRUPT!', the festival has chosen a completely new route for the first time: Oosterdok, Oudeschans, Amstel, Nieuwe Keizersgracht, Plantage Muidergracht, Entrepotdok.
From 28 November 2019 to 19 January 2020 Amsterdam was again the stage for international light art.
amsterdamlightfestival.com
BIG BANG
Artist: UxU Studio
According to the artists of the collective Uxu Studio, there’s nothing that symbolises disruption – and destruction, war, and aggression – more than a bomb. Their blue-lit bomb BIG BANG hangs somewhat threateningly in the air like it is just about to hit the water (or maybe even a passing boat).
It is meant to arouse fear, but those who come closer will also discover something surprising about the artwork: it is covered in soft feathers that mysteriously light up and occasionally make way for hundreds of small, twinkling lights. Strangely enough, this gives the bomb a softer, almost romantic, and above all, harmless appeal. The title of the artwork probably also refers to the other famous ‘big bang’, the one that created the universe, time, and space, and ultimately our planet.
Where the first ‘big bang’ set everything in motion, UxU Studio’s big bang indicates the end. Tragically, we seem to be breaking down and exhausting the earth with our polluting industries, overpopulation, and wars. We hear, read and see news stories about that on a daily basis, and while they may shock us at first, we quickly go back to our own worries – it’s as though we have become immune to it. How will you react when the chaos invades your safe environment? Will you feel fear, anger, or a sense of calmness?
Luckily, it all remains a dark fantasy with this bomb…
a bright, warm november day and the crowds today in london were huge, everywhere i went. i took this shot of the southbank from the 'hungerford' footbridge as i crossed over to charing cross. is this just another random snapshot or can we see portents of the future within this scene?
Part of a wall mural taken in the Findlay Market area of the Over-The-Rhine neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio during the Blink Cincinnati event.
My title is what it says to me and is not the real title of the work. Perhaps it speaks to overpopulation.
It appears that so many things changed on this side of the bridges - now Williamsburg has so many hipster places from cocktail bars to eateries. I almost forgot that summer in NY can be a bit rough after years of dry California summer too. It's way more humid here, and smell of garbage can be intense. You see garbage all over streets thanks to the overpopulation, but energy of people living here is just impressive in this dynamic city.
I missed New York - at one point in my life I wanted to live here too, but on the other hand I'm definitely happy that I moved to the other side of the country for more relaxed slower lifestyle.
TAKASPHOTO.COM
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NEW HASHIMA(端島) - Sector 08 - Welcome to New Hashima
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Some photos from the most recent iteration of my New Hashima collaborative project. This time even bigger and with 11 total builders. I will have more photos and better edited photos once I’ve had the time to put things together! Enjoy!
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Welcome to NEW HASHIMA(端島) - Sector 08. Built on the remnants of the old Hashima Island mining colony after overpopulation forced consideration of innovative development options. Sector 08 is home to middle through upper-class citizens of NewHashima and holds many of the more beautiful structures found in the island mega-city.
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#lights #led #ledlights #rgb #ledlighting #raspberrypi #arduino #electronics #technology #iot #diyelectronics #maker #lego #legophotography #legominifigures #afol #legomoc #legophoto #minifigures #legos #toyphotography #ninjago #legocity #toys #moc #legoart #graphicdesign #cyberpunk #tokyo #japan
Welcome to NEW HASHIMA(端島) - Sector 08. Built on the remnants of the old Hashima Island mining colony after overpopulation forced consideration of innovative development options. Sector 08 is home to middle through upper-class citizens of NewHashima and holds many of the more beautiful structures found in the island mega-city.
If there is a voting block Donald Trump can count on for his reelection bid of 2020, it is the Born Again Christians such as the man with the bold letters "Jesus Saves" arm tattoos in this photograph.
No matter how questionable Trump's truthfulness or most basic morality are, white fundamentalist Christians will rally blindly behind their man in the White House. They will vote for him "rain or shine". They constitute about 12 percent of the US population.
Photograph published in News Junkie Post on December 28, 2019 to illustrate my article " Global Warming, Overpopulation and Social Inequality: Three Legs of Climate Crisis Monster"
newsjunkiepost.com/2019/12/28/global-warming-overpopulati...
Also published in The Indicter to illustrate the same article.
theindicter.com/global-warming-overpopulation-and-social-...
overpopulation
INDYYA's population will exceed that of
RED CHINA very soon
i think it already has
Old Delhi
Jama Mashid
(symmetry starts with one very simple image
and should be viewed/printed Mural size)
Photography’s new conscience
Dans le courant du 2ème siècle ap JC, la solution des cimetières souterrains (les catacombes) est imposée par deux facteurs : le rite de l’inhumation remplace progressivement celui de l’incinération ; le surpeuplement de Rome (plus de 1 million d’hab.) renforce le besoin d’espace pour de nouveaux cimetières. Ainsi, hors les murs, le long des grandes voies (comme la via Appia) apparaissent les premières utilisations du sous-sol, les hypogées (du grec hypo = dessous et gé = terre) à partir desquels, au cours des siècles, se creuse l’immense labyrinthe des catacombes. Il existe quatre réseaux de catacombes à Rome. Trois de ces réseaux sont situé près de la Via Appia antica : les catacombes de Saint-Calixte, les catacombes de Saint-Sébastien et les catacombes de Domitilla. Les catacombes de Saint-Sébastien sont fondées au IIIe siècle, et cessent de servir de cimetière au Ve siècle. Ce cimetière se trouve à l'emplacement d'un ancien cimetière païen qui a peu à peu été utilisé par les chrétiens. C'est au quatrième siècle que les catacombes prirent leur nom actuel venant du saint (un soldat martyrisé pour s’être converti au Christianisme) qui y fut enterré au second étage vers 298. Selon la tradition, des restes saints de Pierre et de Paul y auraient été cachés avant la construction des deux basiliques, sur la colline du Vatican (basilique Saint-Pierre), et sur la Via Ostiense (basilique Saint-Paul). Il fut transféré dans la basilique des Apôtres lors de la construction de celle-ci au Ve siècle. On peut y voir la chambre de Jonas (des fresques du quatrième siècle la décorent et représentent des scènes de la vie du personnage biblique). Puis on passe par la crypte de Saint-Sébastien et une place où trois mausolées païens furent réutilisés par les chrétiens. On y trouve des peintures, des ornements de stucs, des inscriptions et des graffitis. Enfin, la troisième du mausolée est appelé «hache» pour l'outil représenté sur le tympan du fronton. En remontant, on passe par la « triclia » où se tenaient des repas funèbres, et au-dessus de laquelle fut construite la basilique.
In the course of the 2nd century AD, the solution of underground cemeteries (the catacombs) was imposed by two factors: the rite of burial gradually replaced that of incineration; the overpopulation of Rome (more than 1 million inhabitants) reinforces the need for space for new cemeteries. Thus, outside the walls, along the main roads (such as via Appia) appear the first uses of the subsoil, the hypogea (from the Greek hypo = below and ge = earth) from which, over the centuries, digs the immense labyrinth of catacombs. There are four catacomb networks in Rome. Three of these networks are located near the Via Appia antica: the catacombs of St. Calixte, the catacombs of San Sebastián and the catacombs of Domitilla. The catacombs of San Sebastián are founded in the third century, and cease to serve as a cemetery in the fifth century. This cemetery is on the site of an ancient pagan cemetery that has gradually been used by Christians. It is in the fourth century that the catacombs took their current name from the saint (a soldier martyred for being converted to Christianity) who was buried on the second floor around 298. According to tradition, the holy remains of Peter and Paul would have been hidden there before the construction of the two basilicas, on the Vatican hill (basilica Saint-Pierre), and on Via Ostiense (basilica Saint-Paul). He was transferred to the basilica of the Apostles during the construction of the latter in the fifth century. You can see Jonas' room there (frescoes of the fourth century decorate it and represent scenes from the life of the biblical figure). Then we go through the crypt of San Sebastian and a place where three pagan mausoleums were reused by Christians. There are paintings, stucco ornaments, inscriptions and graffiti. Finally, the third of the mausoleum is called "ax" for the tool represented on the tympanum of the pediment. Going up, we go through the "triclia" where funeral meals were held, and above which was built the basilica.
Overpopulation occurs when a population exceeds the resources and environment it can support. This can happen at the scale of a country, region, city, or the entire world.
Kolkata
Photography’s new conscience
Kolkata /koʊlˈkɑːtɑː/, formerly Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly river, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756 after company started evading taxes and due to increasing militarization of the fort, the East India Company retook it in the following year and in 1793 assumed full sovereignty after Mughal governorship (Nizamat) was abolished. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was the centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth.
As a nucleus of the 19th- and early 20th-century Bengal Renaissance and a religiously and ethnically diverse centre of culture in Bengal and India, Kolkata has established local traditions in drama, art, film, theatre, and literature that have gained wide audiences. Many people from Kolkata—among them several Nobel laureates—have contributed to the arts, the sciences, and other areas, while Kolkata culture features idiosyncrasies that include distinctively close-knit neighbourhoods (paras) and freestyle intellectual exchanges (adda). West Bengal's share of the Bengali film industry is based in the city, which also hosts venerable cultural institutions of national importance, such as the Academy of Fine Arts, the Victoria Memorial, the Asiatic Society, the Indian Museum and the National Library of India. Among scientific and technical institutions, Kolkata hosts the Agri Horticultural Society of India, the Geological Survey of India, the Botanical Survey of India, the Indian Science Congress Association, the Zoological Survey of India, the Institution of Engineers and the Anthropological Survey of India. Though home to major cricketing venues and franchises, Kolkata differs from other Indian cities by giving importance to association football and other sports.
We went for a swim at one our normal locations that always delivers a few turtle encounters. While we were there three tourist boats pulled in to the area and each dropped over 100 snorkelers on top of us. I guess the secret is out. This has always been a well known spot, but overpopulation getting more & more noticeable...We were lucky to run into this huge Honu as it ascended for air well away from the crowd. After a few quick breaths it returned to its coral cave in about 25 feet of water. Thanks for saying hi Mr. Turtle:)
I usually love the blues of the ocean, but for some reason I just love the way turtles photograph in greyscale. I think it's all the contrast on the shell & texture in the fins...
Dans le courant du 2ème siècle ap JC, la solution des cimetières souterrains (les catacombes) est imposée par deux facteurs : le rite de l’inhumation remplace progressivement celui de l’incinération ; le surpeuplement de Rome (plus de 1 million d’hab.) renforce le besoin d’espace pour de nouveaux cimetières. Ainsi, hors les murs, le long des grandes voies (comme la via Appia) apparaissent les premières utilisations du sous-sol, les hypogées (du grec hypo = dessous et gé = terre) à partir desquels, au cours des siècles, se creuse l’immense labyrinthe des catacombes. Il existe quatre réseaux de catacombes à Rome. Trois de ces réseaux sont situé près de la Via Appia antica : les catacombes de Saint-Calixte, les catacombes de Saint-Sébastien et les catacombes de Domitilla. Les catacombes de Saint-Sébastien sont fondées au IIIe siècle, et cessent de servir de cimetière au Ve siècle. Ce cimetière se trouve à l'emplacement d'un ancien cimetière païen qui a peu à peu été utilisé par les chrétiens. C'est au quatrième siècle que les catacombes prirent leur nom actuel venant du saint (un soldat martyrisé pour s’être converti au Christianisme) qui y fut enterré au second étage vers 298. Selon la tradition, des restes saints de Pierre et de Paul y auraient été cachés avant la construction des deux basiliques, sur la colline du Vatican (basilique Saint-Pierre), et sur la Via Ostiense (basilique Saint-Paul). Il fut transféré dans la basilique des Apôtres lors de la construction de celle-ci au Ve siècle. On peut y voir la chambre de Jonas (des fresques du quatrième siècle la décorent et représentent des scènes de la vie du personnage biblique). Puis on passe par la crypte de Saint-Sébastien et une place où trois mausolées païens furent réutilisés par les chrétiens. On y trouve des peintures, des ornements de stucs, des inscriptions et des graffitis. Enfin, la troisième du mausolée est appelé «hache» pour l'outil représenté sur le tympan du fronton. En remontant, on passe par la « triclia » où se tenaient des repas funèbres, et au-dessus de laquelle fut construite la basilique.
In the course of the 2nd century AD, the solution of underground cemeteries (the catacombs) was imposed by two factors: the rite of burial gradually replaced that of incineration; the overpopulation of Rome (more than 1 million inhabitants) reinforces the need for space for new cemeteries. Thus, outside the walls, along the main roads (such as via Appia) appear the first uses of the subsoil, the hypogea (from the Greek hypo = below and ge = earth) from which, over the centuries, digs the immense labyrinth of catacombs. There are four catacomb networks in Rome. Three of these networks are located near the Via Appia antica: the catacombs of St. Calixte, the catacombs of San Sebastián and the catacombs of Domitilla. The catacombs of San Sebastián are founded in the third century, and cease to serve as a cemetery in the fifth century. This cemetery is on the site of an ancient pagan cemetery that has gradually been used by Christians. It is in the fourth century that the catacombs took their current name from the saint (a soldier martyred for being converted to Christianity) who was buried on the second floor around 298. According to tradition, the holy remains of Peter and Paul would have been hidden there before the construction of the two basilicas, on the Vatican hill (basilica Saint-Pierre), and on Via Ostiense (basilica Saint-Paul). He was transferred to the basilica of the Apostles during the construction of the latter in the fifth century. You can see Jonas' room there (frescoes of the fourth century decorate it and represent scenes from the life of the biblical figure). Then we go through the crypt of San Sebastian and a place where three pagan mausoleums were reused by Christians. There are paintings, stucco ornaments, inscriptions and graffiti. Finally, the third of the mausoleum is called "ax" for the tool represented on the tympanum of the pediment. Going up, we go through the "triclia" where funeral meals were held, and above which was built the basilica.
Welcome to NEW HASHIMA(端島) - Sector 08. Built on the remnants of the old Hashima Island mining colony after overpopulation forced consideration of innovative development options. Sector 08 is home to middle through upper-class citizens of NewHashima and holds many of the more beautiful structures found in the island mega-city.
This story by Brett Sterling (a pseudonym for Joseph Samachson), was originally published under the title “Days of Creation” in the Captain Future pulp magazine, Spring 1944.
“When Captain Future disappears, and an imposter takes over, the Solar System faces final doom . . .”
“The population explosion has reached a point of grave danger for the Solar System. The inhabitants of all nine planets, cramped together in layers of airless living quarters, are becoming ill. If something isn’t done, the species will soon die out!
“Captain Future has a solution. He has devised an ingenious means of building a new planet. His idea is hailed by the government and the people alike . . .
“Only one man secretly opposes the plan. Hartley Brooks, the corrupt interplanetary tycoon, has his own plans for a Solar System Empire. He must now see that Captain Future disappears – permanently . . .” [Prologue]
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
life is rough
many have no education
they give up
with
no supportive caring parents
they have no childhoods
many are mentally ill
many physically ill
many with TB STD AIDS PNEUMONIA and COVID
overpopulation is also an issue here
corruption in government adds to the problem
this man- Rajesh ( he mumbled ) after i asked him in HINDI
a human being,
is
mutilated
drunk
laying
on the pavement
with so many problems
to overcome
where is the POPE?
where is the INDIAN GOVERNMENT?
where are the INDIAN PHOTOGRAPHERS
were is GOD...??
Chandni Chowk
Delhi
Photography’s new conscience
PERIYAR E.V.RAMASAMY and WOMEN RIGHTS
With regards to marriage, Periyar has stated that it is one of the worst customs in India. He claimed that the marriage principle, briefly, involves the enslavement of a woman by her husband and nothing else. This enslavement is concealed under the cover of marriage rites to deceive the women concerned by giving the wedding the false name of a divine function.[7]
There have been numerous papers in South India reporting how husbands have killed their wives, suspecting immoral behavior. The husband's suspicion of his wife's character has often led to murders. Those who believe in the divine dispensation, according to Periyar, do not have the knowledge to ask themselves why marriages conducted according to religious rites and the approval of God end in this fashion.[7]
Periyar further states that the very idea that the only proper thing for women to do is to be slaves of domesticity, bear children and bring them up, is a faulty one. As long as these restrictions are imposed on women, we can be sure that women have to be subservient to men and depend on men for help. If women have to live on terms of equality with men, they must have the liberty, like men, to have the kind of education they like and also to do unhampered, any work suitable to their knowledge, ability and taste.[8]
Furthermore, Periyar objected to terms like "giving of a maid" and "given in marriage". They are, "Sanskrit terms" and treat woman as a thing. He advocated the substitution of the word for marriage taken from the Tirukkual "Valkai thunai" or "life partner".[9]
Expenses[edit]
With marriage comes the expenses. Periyar stated that in our country, and particularly in Hindu society, a marriage is a function causing a lot of difficulties and waste to all people concerned. But those who conduct the marriage function and those who are getting married do not appear to notice the attendant difficulties because they think that social life necessitates wasteful expense and many difficulties and therefore they must necessarily face those inconveniences and hardships.[10]
Wedding feast, jewels, expensive clothes, procession, pandal, dance, music—money is spent on all these to satisfy the vanity of the organizers. Whatever may be the amount of money spent on the wedding and however pompous each of the items may be, the mirth and jollity associated with these are over in two or three days. In a week's time the prestige and honor connected with these are forgotten.[10] But the wedding expenses leave many families crushed; for many poor families these expenses leave an enormous burden and the debts remain uncleared for a number of years.[11]
However, if the money intended for the wedding expense is not borrowed and belongs to either of the marriage parties, then that amount could be used by her to bring up her children and to educate them. Such a procedure would be highly beneficial to her.[12]
Arranged marriages[edit]
In South Asia we mostly hear of arranged marriages as part of custom, heritage, and religions. Periyar thought that the Aryan wedding methods were barbarous because of the Aryan religion and art: Vedas, Sastras, Puranas, and Epics belong to the barbaric age. He further stated that is the reason why their wedding methods involve the parents giving the girl, prostituting the girl children and some stranger carrying the girl away by force or stealth.[13]
Arranged marriages in general were meant to enable the couple to live together throughout life and derive happiness, satisfaction and a good reputation, even years after the sexual urge and sexual pleasure are forgotten.[14]
But, with the selfish manipulation of this pact, Periyar claimed that women find 'pleasure' in slavish marriage because they have been brought up by their parents without education, independence and self-respect and because they have been made to believe that marriage means subordination to males. The inclusion of such slavish women in the group of 'chaste' women is another lure to them, leading them to find pleasure in such marriages.
Because a man is also married before he has understood the nature of life, its problems and its pleasures, he is satisfied with the slavish nature of the wife and the sexual pleasure she gives. If he finds any incompatibility, he adapts himself to his partner and the circumstances and puts up with his lot.[14]
Love marriages[edit]
Love marriages, claims Periyar, on the other hand will suit only those who have no ideals in life. Such a wedding gives primacy to sexual union along and it is doubtful if it indicates an agreement between the couple for good life. Sexual compatibility alone does not ensure happy married life; the couple should be able to live together cheerfully. Suitability for life or living together can be determined only if the man and woman get used to the company of each other, and are satisfied with each other. Only then, they can enter into an agreement to live together.[13]
Periyar further states that love marriages can give pleasure only as long as there is lust and the ability to satisfy that lust. If there is no compatibility between the partners in other respects, such marriages end only in the enslavement of women. The lies of such women resemble the lives of bullocks which are tied to a cart, beaten up and made to labor endlessly until they die.[14]
Therefore, there is a proverb stating, "A deeply loving girl is unfit for family life; a suitable life partner is unfit for love." Periyar believed that the agreement between partners to live together will constitute a better marriage than a love marriage.[14]
Self-respect marriages[edit]
In a leading article of Viduthalai, Periyar states that a self-respect wedding is based on rationalism. Rationalism is based on the individual's courage. Some may have the courage to conduct it during the time which almanacs indicate as the time of the planet Rahu and that, particularly in the evening. Some others may have just enough daring to avoid the Brahmin priest and his mother tongue - the Sanskrit language.[15] Some may feel nervous about not keeping the traditional lamp burning in broad daylight. Some others may have the rotten thought that conducting a wedding without 'mangala sutra' is disgraceful.
Still, the self-respect weddings conducted during the past thirty years have some basic limits. They are: Brahmins and their mantras should be utterly avoided; meaningless rituals, piling mud pots, one on another, having the traditional lamp during day time, ritual smoke - all these should be avoided. Rationalism does not approve of these. Periyar then asks why can't the government pass an Act that legalizes weddings which avoid the above-mentioned superstitious practices. If all these details cannot be accommodated in the Act, the latter can legalize weddings which don't have Brahmin priests, the Sanskrit language and the so called holy fire.[16]
Thus, marriages styled as Self-Respect marriages carried a threefold significance: a) replacing the Purohit, b) inter-caste equality, c) man-woman equality. Periyar claimed to have performed Self-Respect marriages unofficially since 1925 and officially since 1928.[17] Self-Respect marriages were legalized in 1967 by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) Government.[18]
Widow-remarriage[edit]
On the remarriage of widows, Periyar states that among the atrocities perpetrated by the Hindu male population against women, here we have to consider the treatment meted out to widows alone. If a girl loses her husband, even before knowing anything of worldly pleasures, she is compelled to close her eyes to everything in the world and die broken-hearted. Even in Periyar's community at the time, there were widowed girls below the age of 13 years. Periyar stated how it is a touching sight to see the parents of those widowed children treating them like untouchables.[19]
He goes on to say that whatever may be the reason for the present state of the Hindu society, my firm belief that the low position given permanently to widows may prove to be the reason for the utter ruin of the Hindu religion and the Hindu society.[20]
If we try to find the reason for such conduct, we will have to conclude that they instinctively feel that women are slaves, subservient to men and that they must be kept under control. That is why these people treat women like animals. They seem to feel that giving freedom to women is equivalent to committing a very serious crime. The result of this attitude is that there is no independence or freedom to one half of the human race. This wicked enslavement of half of the human race is due to the fact that men are physically a little stronger than women. This principle applies to all spheres of life and the weaker are enslaved by the stronger.
If slavery has to be abolished in society, the male arrogance and wickedness which lead to the enslavement of women must be abolished first. Only when this is achieved, the tender sprouts of freedom and equality will register growth.[21]
One of the reasons why Periayr hated Hinduism and the orthodoxy practiced in the name of Hinduism was the practice of child marriage. Many of the girl children who were married before they were ten or twelve years old became widows before they knew the meaning of the word. According to the 1921 All India Census the details of the child widows reported living in the country that time were as follows:[22]
1 year baby widows - 497
1 to 2 year child widows - 494
2 to 3 year child widows - 1,257
3 to 4 year child widows - 2,837
4 to 5 year child widows - 6,707
Total number of widows - 11,342
5 to 10 year young widows - 85,037
10 to 15 year young widows - 232,147
15 to 20 year young widows - 396,172
20 to 25 year young widows - 742,820
25 to 30 year young widows - 1,163,720
Total number of widows - 2,631,238[22][23]
Periyar was deeply disturbed when he realized that among the widows in India, 11,892 were little children below 5 years and that young widows below 15 years numbering 232,147 were denied the pleasures of life.[24]
With regards to the re-marriage of widows, Periyar stated that it is the practice of our people to refer to such a wedding as "a widow's marriage". Such an expression is used only with reference to women and in connection with men. Just as this lady is marrying another husband after the death of the first husband, many men marry again after the death of the first wife. But the second marriage of a man is not referred to as "a widower's marriage", though that is the proper thing to do.
Periyar himself was a widower. After becoming one, he took a second wife. He claimed that in the ancient days, both men and women in the country had this practice. There were numerous instances in sastras and puranas of women getting married again after the death of their first husband. Periyar further stated that this is not an unusual practice in the rest of the world though it might appear strange for us at the present time. Christian and Muslim women marry again after the death of the first husband. 90 percent of women in Muslim countries get married again soon after the death of the first husband. This may be unusual in certain sections of Indian societies. But it is a common practice in certain other sections of our society which are called very backward communities.[25]
Further, inter-caste marriages and remarriage of widows are on the increase in India. Brahmins oppose these because they are afraid that they cannot exploit the people any more in the name of sastras. For the same reason they oppose the Sharada Act which is necessary for social well-being.[26]
Child marriage[edit]
In all the meetings of the non-Brahmins and the Self-Respectors, Periyar condemned child marriages and emphasized the need for educating all girl children and giving right to young widows to get married again.
Periyar has been very much against child marriage and stated that it reflects the cruelty to which innocent girls were subjected by their well-meaning parents. Periyar asked that if these parents can be considered civilized in any sense of the term. There was no other leader other than Periyar who reacted against this practice of child marriage.[24]
Those who supported child marriage were strongly against Periyar's condemnation of this act. Take for example, the Sharada Act. Those who opposed this Act say that it was against the Sastras to conduct the marriage of a girl after she has attained puberty. They further say that those who conduct such marriages are committing a sin and therefore will go to hell.[27]
Chastity[edit]
Periyar claimed that "household duties" have risen out of the foolishness of people and were not natural duties.[28] He went on to say that it was our selfish greed which has multiplied our household work. Nobody need worry that without household work, the women will lose their "chastity". On chastity, Periyar went on to say that it is something that belongs to women and is not a pledge to men. Whatever, chastity is, it was something that belonged to individuals.
In society, it was believed that if people lose their chastity, they will get divine punishment. Others are not going to get that punishment. Referring to the doctrines of institutionalized orthodox religions, he went on to say that men need not to worry themselves that women are committing a sin by not doing household work. Thus, let men realize that women are not slaves and that men are not their masters or guardians. Women should be allowed to develop the competence to protect themselves and their chastity and men need not be their watchdogs. He also believed that it was derogatory for men to play such a role.[citation needed]
It was said by the orthodox[who?] that women will develop diseases if they lose their chastity. The disease that a woman gets affects the husbands also. If we[who?] educate the women, they will develop the capability to keep themselves and their husbands pure. Thus, Periyar stated in the Kudi Arasu for the society to think deeply about taking a decision and do the right thing for their sisters and girl children.[29]
Periyar kindled the thoughts of everybody by also ridiculing the use of the word chastity only with reference to women. (Periyar-Father of Tamil 32) He stated that character is essential for both men and women and that speaking of chastity only with reference to women degraded not merely women but men also. He extended this thought and said that in any sphere of activity, civilized society cannot think of one law for men and another for women. He also said that the way most men treated their women was far worse than the way the upper class people treated the lower class, the way in which rich men treated the poor and the way in which a master treated his slave.[30]
Education[edit]
On education, Periyar stated that some foolish parents believe that if girls get educated, they will correspond with their secret lovers. That it is a very foolish and mischievous notion. No parent need be anxious about it. If a girl writes a letter, it will only be to a male. We can even now caution men not to read any love letter addressed to them by a woman and, even if they read it, not to reply to it. If men do not listen to this advice, they, as well as the girls who write them must be punished. It will be a hopelessly bad thing, if parents keep their girl children uneducated for this reason.[29]
At a speeched delivered by Periyar at the Prize Distribution function in the Municipal School for Girls at Karungal Palayam, Erode, he stated that girl children should be taught active and energetic exercises like running, high jump, long jump,and wrestling so that they may acquire the strength and courage of men. Their time and energy should not be wasted in light pastimes like Kummi (groups going in a circle, clapping their hands rhythmically) and in Kolatam (striking with sticks rhythmically).
In ancient Tamil literature, poets have stressed the value of education for women. In a famous verse, a poet by the name of Naladiar stated that, "What gives beauty to a woman is not the hair style or the patter of her dress or the saffron on her face but only education".[31] In a verse of Eladhi it states, "Beauty does not lie in the style of wailing or in the charm of a blush but only in the combination of numbers and letters (education).[32]
In a 1960 issue of Viduthalai Periyar stated that "There should be a drastic revolution in the desires and ideals of Indian women. They should equip themselves to do all types of work that men are doing. They should have good domestic life without allowing nature's obstacles in their own lives. Therefore, there should be a welcome change in the minds of our women. The administrators also most pay special attention to the advancement of women".[33]
Armed forces[edit]
Periyar advocated for women to be given weapons to protect themselves in reply to a question put in the Central Legislature. He stated that we have no hope that the state governments will do anything in this sphere because most of the state ministers hold the orthodox belief that women are slavish creatures.[34] Though here and there we[who?] find women also as ministers, they are old-fashioned traditionalists who will say, "We don't want any kind of freedom. We are perfectly happy with slavery".[33]
In Periyar's time he explained that ""Indian" women had no self-determination in any sphere of life like education property and marriage. They thought that modern civilization meant dressing themselves like British and American women and adorning themselves. Even our educated women do not entertain any thought that they must enter the police and army departments and learn to pilot airplanes like the women of Russia and Turkey. Just as modern education has made men cowards an book-worms, it has made our women decoratie [sic] dolls and weaklings".[33]
In a leading article written by Periyar in Viduthalai in 1946, he claimed that unless there is a drastic, fundamental and revolutionary change in our[who?] administrative machinery, it is impossible to make our women independent beings.[33]
Periyar goes on to explain that in our country also, there are thousands of women with the courage, competence and desire to work in the police department. Just as girls going to school was considered wonderful and cycle-riding by girls was considered funny, a few years ago, women on police duty may appear to be wonderful or strange for a few years. Then, in course of time, this will be considered natural.[33]
We[who?] need methods that will effect an astounding revolution in the world of women. Until we acquire those methods, we will be moving forward like a tortoise and writing and talking about Drowpath and Sita.[35]
Periyar, in a 1932 article of Kudi Arasu, explained that "women should develop physical strength like men. They must take exercise and get training in the use of weapons. They must acquire the ability to protect themselves when any sex-mad person tries to molest them. They should get the necessary training to join the armey [sic] when need arises and fight the enemy. This is the view of all civilized people. Women also wholeheartedly support this view. When the general view in the world is like this, who can accept the statement of some people that there is no use in giving higher education to women?"[33]
Birth control[edit]
"Others advocate birth-control, with a view of preserving the health of women and conserving family property; but we advocate it for the liberation of women."[36]
In the Kudi Arasu of 1932, Periyar explained the basic differences between the reasons given to us for contraception and the reasons given by others for this. We say that contraception is necessary for women to gain freedom. Others advocate contraception taking into consideration many problems like the health of women, the health and energy of the children, the poverty of the country and the maintenance of the family property. Many Westerners also support contraception for the same reasons. Our view is not based on these considerations. We recommend that women should stop delivering children altogether because conception stands in the way of women enjoying personal freedom. Further, begetting a number of children prevents men also from being free and independent. This truth will be clear if we listen to talk of men and women when their freedom is hampered.[33]
He went on to say how birth control does not aim at preventing the birth of children altogether, but aims only at limiting births. A man and his wife may have two children, or at the most, three children. This birth control policy is against bringing forth an unlimited number of children.[37]
While Periyar and the Self-Respect movement were advocating for birth control, Rajaji (C. Rajagopalachariar) very strongly opposed it. Others who opposed birth control was Thiru Adhithanar, the publisher of an extremely popular newspaper, Dina Thandhi at the time. In response to Rajaji's stand against birth control, Periyar explained that he was against this since he was of the Vedic Brahmin community that staunchly engrossed in the Manu Dharma. Thus, limiting births of overpopulation would limit diseases and death from many and therefore leave Brahmin priests without a job of doing ceremonies for the sick and funerals. In a 1959 article of Viduthalai he exclaimed that "If people like Rajaji discover new islands, make the forests habitable, do propaganda for the birth of more and more children and have farms for the upbringing of children, we may be in a position to understand them."[38]
During the late 1950s, 80 percent of the men and 90 percent of the women in Tamil Nadu were illiterate. Siriyar argued in a 1959 article in Viduthalai that "in this situation, if birth control is not practiced and people are allowed to have any number of children, the result will be the multiplication of castes among the "Sudras", like washermen, barbers, pot-makers, kuravas or gypsies, hunters, fishermen, famers [sic], toddy tappers, padayachies, pillars, cobblers, pariahs, and a thousand others and a limitless increase in population. The increase in population will force the 'Sudras' to preserve themselves from starvation by standing with folded hands before lazy fellows and calling them 'swami', 'master' and 'landlord'. What good result can we expect if birth control is not adopted?"[39]
Previously in a 1933 article of the Kudi Arasu, Periyar, in his words, explained that "even a High Court Judge in India does not know the amount of trouble that a mother takes to bring up a child. If a husband is kind to his wife and shows concern for her health and happiness, he must adopt the contraceptive method. Otherwise, he must be one who could manage to see that in delivery and in the brining [sic] up of children, she does not have much trouble. Therefore, the proper thing to do now is to drastically cut the expenses mentioned above and spend money on the proper upbringing of children with the help of nurses."[40]
Property rights and divorce[edit]
With regards to property rights for women, Periyar stated that there was no difference between men and women. He went on to say that like men, women should have the right to own property and enjoy its benefits. With regards to divorce or separations, he advocated that a woman can lie away from her husband if he is an undesirable person and if he has nay virulent disease. When a woman has to live apart from her husband in these circumstances, she is entitled to maintenance allowance and a claim on the husband's property. Even if a widow gets remarried, she must be given the right to claim a share of the first husband's property.[41]
On February 4, 1946, the Central Legislature passed an Act giving the right the Hindu married woman to get from her husband in certain circumstances a separate place to live in and a maintenance allowance. Periyar explained how that it was a useless Act. since it seems that the members of the Hindu Mahasabha and Sanadahnis agitated against the grant of even this right.[42]
Dowry[edit]
On the Dowry system practiced widely throughout the Indian sub-continent not only by Hindus but Christians too, Periyar calls it a "serious disease that was spreading fast amongst Tamilians". He went on to state that the disease was also found in its virulent form among the Andhras and the Brahmins of Tamil Nadu. Periyar also argued that if a man with property worth one lakh has three daughters, he has to become a beggar by the time these daughters are married. In the name of dowry, the parents of the young men who marry the three daughters, squeeze the man's property out of him.[43]
In the 1959 issue of Viduthalai, Periyar stated that, "according to a new legislation, women have the right to a share of the parents' property. Therefore every girl will definitely get her legitimate share from the parents' wealth - if the parents are wealth. It is inhuamane [sic] on the part of the parents of a boy to dump on him a girl whom he does not like and to plan to such as much as they can from the property of the girl's father. There is basically no difference between selling education and love for money and selling one's chastity for money. 'Prostitute' is a germ of contempt for a woman; a boy should not be reduced by his avaricous [sic] parents to get the name, 'a prostituted boy' or 'a boy that has been sold'. A father-in-law who has means, however miserly he may be by nature, will not be indifferent when his daughter suffers out of poverty. Therefore, it is very shameful on the part of the bridegroom's parents to demand from the bride's father that at the time of the marriage he should gie jewels worth so many thousands along with so many thousand rupees as dowry and that he should provide the bridegroom with a house and a care. The fact that another party makes such demands at the time of his daughter's marriage does not justify any parent's demands at the time of his son's wedding. All people must realize that both demanding and giving dowry are wrong and they must boldly declare this when occasion arises."[44]
Periyar calls the dowry an evil and exploitative practice depriving tens of thousands of talented and beautiful young women with sound character remaining spinsters without any chance of getting married.[45]
Devadasis[edit]
Among the atrocities the Tamil society committed against women was the practice of keeping some women attached to temples as Devadasis. Dr. Muthulakshmi proposed the resolution at the Madras Legislature that the Devadasi system should be abolished. The Government wanted comments on that from all important people. Periyar in his statement pointed out that the Devadasi system was a disgrace to Hindu religion. The fact that, in the name of a temple or a god, some women are kept as common property is an insult to all the women in the society. He also remarked that the prevalence of this system encouraged immorality among men and thus set the pattern for unprincipled life in many families. This was stoutly opposed in the Assembly by Satyamurthi Iyer, an orthodox Congress member, under the pretext of safeguarding the Hindu traditions. It should be said to the credit of Dr. Muthulakshmi and the leaders like Periyar that the proposal of the Doctor was accepted and a law was enacted against the Devadasi system.[30]
Periyar's example of the degradation of women in the Devadasi system is explained that "if a man's physical passion is aroused when his wife is not with him, he immediately goes to a prostitute. Rough stones are planted where cows and bufaloes [sic] graze to facilitate the animals to rub against the stones when they feel like it.[46] Likewise, Devadasis served in temples and in all villages rough stones planted on the borders and they say that these two (employing devadasis and the planting rough stones) are aamong [sic] the 32 dharmas mentioned in the sastras. When we consider why his kindness to the suffering and also the 32 dharmas are all bogus".[46]
Resolutions passed[edit]
As the Self-Respect conference held in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu in 1929, the following were among the many resolutions passed with regards for women's rights:
Women should be given equal right along with men for the family property.
There should be no objection to employing women to any job for which they are qualified.[47]
Schools, particularly schools, should try to employ only women teachers.
At the conference held in Erode in 1930, the same resolutions were passed again reminding the delegates and others that the interest of women was still uppermost in Periyar's mind. M.R. Jayakar who presided oer the Erode conference was greatly impressed by the progressive views of Periyar and other members. He was particularly happy that the movement included not merely non-Brahmin Hindus but Christians and Muslims too. He pointed out that the Self-Respect movement was more progressive than Congress. Furthermore, at the Virudhnagar conference the women members held a separate conference and passed some resolutions demanding that women should have the right to select their life partners without any consideration of religion or community and that weddings should not involve wasteful expenditure and elaborate ceremonies.[47]
Welcome to NEW HASHIMA (端島), an urban landscape born from the ashes of the once-thriving Hashima Island mining colony. In a world teetering on the edge of cybernetic revolution and rampant overpopulation, this neon-lit megalopolis emerges as a gritty testament to society’s desperate pursuit of innovative development.
————————————
Very happy to share some quality photos of my recent NH build. Definitely one of my personal favorites so far. Enjoy and stay tuned for more Cyberpsychos!!!
Welcome to NEW HASHIMA (端島), an urban landscape born from the ashes of the once-thriving Hashima Island mining colony. In a world teetering on the edge of cybernetic revolution and rampant overpopulation, this neon-lit megalopolis emerges as a gritty testament to society’s desperate pursuit of innovative development.
————————————
Very happy to share some quality photos of my recent NH build. Definitely one of my personal favorites so far. Enjoy and stay tuned for more Cyberpsychos!!!
Vus'musi was the first offspring from a herd of Elephants in Africa that was saved from culling, mass killing, due to species overpopulation in the game preserve, and the impact of their natural, but destructive nature. Baby elephant "Impunga" seen sitting here on his big brother, was the third offspring from the saved Elephants, Khosi was the second elephant born. Recently a 4th baby elephant has joined this growing family at the San Diego Wild Animal Park preserve.
The swimming pool was being prepared for the African elephants and Impunga wanted to make sure Vus'musi joined in on the fun.
A casual walk down a farm path in a quiet Wisconsin town leads an archaeologist into the Pleistocene era and he uncovers an interstellar mystery from before recorded time. In short order, the time trails in the quiet town of Willow Bend become the focus of global attention, government scrutiny and the target for an unprecedented solution to overpopulation. Time-traveling turns into big business and big trouble.
হতে পারে দেড় কোটি মানুষের ভারে ন্যুব্জ।
হয়ত দিনের অর্ধেক সময় থাকে না ইলেকট্রিসিটি, গ্যাস কিংবা পানি।
ট্রাফিক জ্যামে হয়তোবা বসে থাকতে হয় ঘন্টার পর ঘন্টা।
দুর্ঘটনা, দুর্গন্ধ, দুর্নীতি- হতে পারে এখানকার মেইন ফিচার,
তবুও...
ঢাকা,
তুমি আমার শহর।
আমার জন্মস্থান।
ভালবাসি তোমাকে...
Dhaka (Bengali: ঢাকা pronounced: [ˈɖʱaka]; formerly spelled as Dacca) is the capital of Bangladesh. It is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia. Located on the east banks of the Buriganga River in the Ganges delta, Dhaka has an estimated population of more than 15 million people, making it the largest city in Bangladesh and the 9th largest city in the world.It is known as the City of Mosques, and with 400,000 cycle-rickshaws running on its streets every day, the city is described as the Rickshaw Capital of the World. Dhaka is also one of the world's most densely populated cites.
Dhaka has been continuously inhabited for more than a millennium. The Old City of Dhaka was founded in the 17th century as the Mughal capital of Bengal. It was called Jahangir Nagar (City of Jahangir) and served as the centre of the worldwide muslin trade.The modern city, however, developed chiefly under British rule in the 19th century. After the partition of British India, Dhaka became the administrative capital of East Pakistan, and later, in 1971, the capital of independent Bangladesh. During the intervening period, the city witnessed widespread upheaval and turmoil, including many impositions of martial law, political uprisings and mass civil disobedience movements, and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
Modern Dhaka is the centre of political and cultural life in Bangladesh, and serves as one of the two principal economic and industrial centers of the country, along with the southern port city of Chittagong. Dhaka hosts the headquarters of several major non-governmental agencies in the developing world, including the international development organization BRAC, the Nobel Peace Prize-winning development institution Grameen Bank and the medical research institute ICDDR,B. The city has the most developed urban infrastructure in the country, however it suffers from chronic urban problems of poverty, pollution and overpopulation due to increasing rural-to-urban migration in Bangladesh. The city is modernizing its transport and communications, and has been attracting large volumes of foreign investments in recent years. Dhaka has also emerged as one of the fastest growing cities in the world. [source: wiki]
Abir Shaqran Photography
June 19, 2013
Bashundara City Shopping Complex,
Dhaka, Bangladesh.