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Is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the Öresund Bridge in the south.
At 450,295 km², Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union in terms of area, with a total population of about 9.2 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) but a considerably higher density in the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas, and it is expected that these numbers will gradually rise as a part of the ongoing urbanization. Sweden's capital is Stockholm, which is also the largest city in the country (population of 1.3 million in the urban area and with 2 million in the metropolitan area).
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union which lasted until 1905. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, adopting a non-aligned foreign policy in peacetime and neutrality in wartime.
Today, Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government and a highly developed economy. It ranks first in the world in The Economist's Democracy Index and seventh in the United Nations' Human Development Index. Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
History
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sweden
Geography
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Sweden
Other info
Oficial name:
Konungariket Sverige
+ fin: Ruotsin kuningaskunta
rmy: Ťagaripen Svedo / थागारिपेन स्वेदो
sma: Sveerjen gånkarijhke
sme: Ruoŧa gonagasriika
smj: Svieriga gånågisrijkka
yid: קיניגרײַך שװעדן (Kinigrayḫ Švedn)
Unification:
Between 900 and 1200
Area:
449.964 km2
Inhabitants:
9.900.000
Languages:
Dalecarlian [dlc] 1,500 (1996 Oesten Dahl). Upper Dalecarlia (Oevre Dalarna), especially Aelvdalen (Elfdal). Alternate names: Dalska, Dalmaal. Dialects: Quite deviant from other varieties. Various dialects, some of which are reported to be unintelligible to each other's speakers. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish
More information.
Finnish [fin] 200,000 in Sweden (1997 Birger Winsa). 'Swedish-Finns' were 446,134 in 1999, which counts those born in Finland and first generation born in Sweden, but not others, even if the first language is Finnish. Alternate names: Suomi, Suomea. Classification: Uralic, Finnic
More information.
Finnish, Tornedalen [fit] 79,579 in Sweden (2000 WCD). Population includes 40,000 to 70,000 in the main region (1997), and including 20,000 who speak it in the home (1996). Population total all countries: 109,579. Northeast Sweden, County of Norrbotten, municipalities of Gällivare, Kiruna, Pajala, Övertorneä, and Haparanda. Also spoken in Finland. Alternate names: Tornedalen, Meänkieli, Torne Valley Finnish, Tornedalsfinska, North Finnish. Dialects: Torne Valley Finnish, Vittangi Finnish, Gällivare Finnish. Standard Finnish is not entirely intelligible to speakers of Tornedalen, especially abstract and complex discourse. Classification: Uralic, Finnic
More information.
Jamtska [jmk] 30,000 (2000 J. Persson). Jämtland and scattered elsewhere in Sweden. Alternate names: Jamska. Dialects: Perhaps 95% lexical similarity to other Norwegian or Swedish dialects, other loans from German, Danish, and French. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, West Scandinavian
More information.
Romani, Kalo Finnish [rmf] 1,592 in Sweden (2000 WCD). Alternate names: Fíntika Rómma. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Northern
More information.
Romani, Tavringer [rmu] 25,000 in Sweden (1998 Hallman). Population total all countries: 31,000. Scattered all over Sweden. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: Rommani, Svensk Rommani, Traveller Swedish, "Tattare". Dialects: An independent language based on Swedish with heavy lexical borrowing from Northern Romani. Not intelligible with Angloromani. Classification: Mixed Language, Swedish-Romani
More information.
Romani, Vlax [rmy] 1,500 in Sweden. 500 Kalderash, 1,000 Lovari. Alternate names: Zigenare. Dialects: Kalderash, Lovari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Romani, Vlax
More information.
Saami, Lule [smj] 1,500 in Sweden (1995 M. Krauss). Population total all countries: 2,000. Ethnic population: 6,000 in Sweden. Lapland along the Lule River in Gällivare and Jokkmokk. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: Lule, Saami, "Lapp". Dialects: Lule Saami is quite distinct from other Saami. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Northern
More information.
Saami, North [sme] 4,000 in Sweden (1995 M. Krauss). Ethnic population: 5,000 in Sweden (1994 SIL). Karesuando and Jukkasjärvi. Alternate names: Norwegian Saami, "Lapp", Saame, Same, Samic, Northern Lappish, Northern Saami. Dialects: Ruija, Torne, Sea Lappish. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Northern
More information.
Saami, Pite [sje] 20 in Sweden (2000 T. Salminen). Ethnic population: 2,000 in Sweden (1995 M. Krauss). Lapland along Pite River in Arjeplog and Arvidsjaur. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: Saami, "Lapp", Pite. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Northern Nearly extinct.
More information.
Saami, South [sma] 300 in Sweden(1995 M. Krauss). Population total all countries: 600. Ethnic population: 600 in Sweden. Vilhelmina in Lapland, in Jämtland, Härjedalen, and Idre in Dalarna. Also spoken in Norway. Alternate names: "Lapp", Southern Lapp. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Western, Southern
More information.
Saami, Ume [sju] 20 (2000 T. Salminen). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1995 M. Krauss). Lycksele, Mala, Tärna, and Sorsele, along the Ume River. Probably no speakers in Norway. Alternate names: "Lapp", Saami, Ume. Classification: Uralic, Sami, Southern Nearly extinct.
More information.
Scanian [scy] 80,000 in Sweden (2002). Blekinge, Halland, Skåne in Sweden. The main regional city is Malmö. Also spoken in Denmark. Alternate names: Skånska, Skånsk, Southern Swedish, Eastern Danish. Dialects: Halländska, Skånska, Blekingska, Bornholmsk. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish
More information.
Swedish [swe] 7,825,000 in Sweden (1986). Population includes 5,000 speakers of Gutniska (1998 Sven Håkansson). Population total all countries: 8,789,835. The Göta dialect group is southern, including parts of Småland, south Swedish provinces, Värmland, Västergvtland; the Svea dialect group is northern, including Hälsingland, parts of Östergötland and Uppland, and the Swedish-speaking parts of Finland. Southern Swedish is in Skåne, Blekinge, southern Småland, southern Halland. Northern Swedish is from northern Hälsingland and Jämtland and northwards. Eastern Swedish is in Finland, Estonia, and Gammalsvenskby, Ukraine. Gutnic is in southeastern Isle of Gotland and Fårö. Nearly extinct in Estonia. Also spoken in Canada, Estonia, Finland, Norway, United Arab Emirates, USA. Alternate names: Svenska, Ruotsi. Dialects: Northern Swedish (Norrland), Eastern Swedish (Finland Swedish, Estonian Swedish), Svea, Gutniska (Gutamal, Gotlandic, Gutnic). 'Proper' Swedish is considered to be spoken in Svealand. Dialect investigation is needed of diverse varieties Gutniska, Överkalixmål, Nörpes, Pitemål, provinces around the Bothnic Sea (Västerbotten and Norbotten in Sweden, and Oesterbotten in Finland), and the island of Gotland. Gutniska is descended from Forngutniska (Old Gotlandic), which is ranked as a separate language. A mixed variety, with Turkish influence, Rinkebysvenska, is used among immigrants. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, North, East Scandinavian, Danish-Swedish, Swedish
More information.
Swedish Sign Language [swl] 8,000 deaf primary users, and the first language of many hearing children of deaf parents (1986 Gallaudet Univ.). Dialects: No origins from other sign languages, but it has influenced Portuguese and Finnish sign languages. Intelligible with Norwegian and Danish sign languages with only moderate difficulty. Not intelligible with Finnish Sign Language. Classification: Deaf sign language
Capital city:
Stockholm
Meaning country name:
An old English plural form of Swede. The exact development of the ethnonym remains uncertain, but it certainly derives from the Old English Sweoðeod, in Old Norse: Sviþjoð. The etymology of the first element, Svi, links to the PIE *suos (one's own, of one's own kin). The last element, þjoð, means "people", cognate with deut in Deutsch and teut in Teutons.
Sverige (native name): derives from the phrase Svia Rike, meaning "the realm of the Swedes" (possibly through Danish, even though a similar linguistic evolution happened within Swedish: mik->mig).
An tSualainn (Irish name): means (literally) Swedeland and is formed from an ethnonym Sua, evidently derived from Svia (see above) and -lann, a common suffix denoting abstract nouns in Irish. The inclusion of an, the singular definite article, as well as the elipsis t is necessary for grammatical purposes.
Ruotsi (Finnish), Rootsi (Estonian), Rūotšmō (Livonian), Ruoŧŧa (Sami): probably from a Varangian people called the Rus', originating from Roslagen in Svealand. Scholars debate the meaning of rus, but it probably originates from the element roþs- ("relating to rowing") which has the same origin as row.
Description Flag:
The flag of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges flagga) is blue with a yellow Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges of the flag. The design and colors of the Swedish flag are believed to have been inspired by the present Coat of arms of Sweden of 1442, which is blue divided quarterly by a cross pattée of gold, and modeled on the Danish flag. Blue and yellow have been used as Swedish colors at least since king Magnus Birgersson's royal coat of arms of 1275.
According to the mythology, the Swedish 12th century king Eric the Holy saw a yellow cross in the sky as he landed in Finland during the First Swedish Crusade in 1157. Seeing this as a sign from God he adopted the yellow cross against a blue background as his banner.
It has also been suggested that the Swedish flag might have been a resistance flag against the Danish flag, which is red with a white cross, and which has been known since 1219. According to this theory, the Swedish flag was created during the reign of King Charles Knutsson, who also introduced the Coat of arms of Sweden in 1442. The national coat of arms is a combination of King Albert of Mecklenburg's coat of arms of 1364 and King Magnus Birgersson's coat of arms of 1275, and is blue divided quarterly by a golden cross pattée.
Other historians claim that the Swedish flag was blue with a white cross before 1420, and became blue with a golden cross only during the early reign of King Gustaf Vasa, who successfully liberated Sweden from the temporary tyranny of the Danish King Christian II in 1521
Coat of arms:
The greater national coat of arms (stora riksvapnet) and the lesser national coat of arms (lilla riksvapnet) are the official coats of arms of Sweden.
The shield has four elements: The first and fourth fields, top left and bottom right, show the three Royal Crowns of Sweden. They have been a national symbol since the time of King Albert of Mecklenburg. The second and third field, top right and bottom left, are the traditional Lions of the Folkunga Dynasty.
The escutcheon is supported by two lions with forked tails (queue fourchée), facing away from the shield and crowned with Royal Crowns. The lion has for centuries been an important element in Swedish heraldry and especially for the State Coat of Arms.
Motto:
"För Sverige - I tiden"
National Anthem: Du gamla, du fria
Original verses by Richard Dybeck:
1
Du gamla, Du fria, Du fjällhöga nord
Du tysta, Du glädjerika sköna!
Jag hälsar Dig, vänaste land uppå jord,
/: Din sol, Din himmel, Dina ängder gröna.:/
2
Du tronar på minnen från fornstora dar,
då ärat Ditt namn flög över jorden.
Jag vet att Du är och Du bliver vad du var.
/: Ja, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden.:/
Louise Ahlén's addition from 1910 (usually not seen as part of the national anthem, and not sung)
3
Jag städs vill dig tjäna mitt älskade land,
din trohet till döden vill jag svära.
Din rätt, skall jag värna, med håg och med hand,
/:din fana, högt den bragderika bära.:/
4
Med Gud skall jag kämpa, för hem och för härd,
för Sverige, den kära fosterjorden.
Jag byter Dig ej, mot allt i en värld
/: Nej, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden.:/
Literal translation
Original verses by Richard Dybeck:
1
Thou ancient, thou free, thou mountainous North
Thou quiet, thou joyful beauty!
I greet Thee, most beautiful land upon earth,
/:Thy sun, Thy sky, Thine meadows green.:/
2
Thou throne upon memories of great olden days,
When honoured thy name flew over the world,
I know that thou art and wilt be as thou wert,
/: Yes, I want to live I want to die in the Nordic :/
Louise Ahlén's addition from 1910 (usually not seen as part of the national anthem, and not sung)
3
I forever will serve my beloved country,
your faith until death will I swear,
Your right will I protect with mind and with hand,
/:your banner, great the feats it carries.:/
4
With God shall I struggle (fight), for home and for hearth,
for Sweden, the dear motherland.
I trade You not, for anything in the world
/: No, I want to live I want to die in the Nordic.:/
Royal Anthem: Kungssången
1. Ur svenska hjärtans djup en gång
en samfälld och en enkel sång,
som går till kungen fram!
Var honom trofast och hans ätt,
gör kronan på hans hjässa lätt,
och all din tro till honom sätt,
du folk av frejdad stam!
2. O konung, folkets majestät
är även ditt: beskärma det
och värna det från fall!
Stå oss all världens härar mot,
vi blinka ej för deras hot:
vi lägga dem inför din fot -
en kunglig fotapall.
3. Men stundar ock vårt fall en dag,
från dina skuldror purpurn tag,
lyft av dig kronans tvång
och drag de kära färger på,
det gamla gula och det blå,
och med ett svärd i handen gå
till kamp och undergång!
4. Och grip vår sista fana du
och dristeliga för ännu
i döden dina män!
Ditt trogna folk med hjältemod
skall sömma av sitt bästa blod
en kunglig purpur varm och god,
och svepa dig i den.
5. Du himlens Herre, med oss var,
som förr du med oss varit har,
och liva på vår strand
det gamla lynnets art igen
hos sveakungen och hans män.
Och låt din ande vila än
utöver nordanland!
Translation (Highly unofficial)
1. From the depth of Swedish hearts,
a joint and simple song,
which to the King reaches forth!
Be faithful to him and his line,
the crown upon his head, make light,
and all your faith in him invest,
you folk of high renown.
2. Oh King, the majesty of this people
Is also yours - embrace it
And protect it from decline.
Stands all the armies of the world against us,
We fear not their threat
We place them before your foot
As a royal footstool
3. If one day our fall is near
From your shoulders let the mantle fall
Remove the burden of the crown
And put on the beloved colours
The old yellow and the blue,
life the sword by the hilt and go
Towards war and doom
4. Raise our last banner in your hand
And lead your men yet
To the end and into death
Your faithful people of heroes stock,
Of their best blood, they shall sew
A royal robe, warm and pure
And shroud you in it
5. You Lord of heaven, stay with us
Just like you did in the olden days
And live on our shores
the old life and spirit
Of the Svea king and his men
And let your spirit rest
Above the Northern Land
Internet Page: www.sweden.gov.se
Sweden in diferent languages
eng | cym | fry: Sweden
cos | ita | lld | roh-enb | roh-eno | roh-gri: Svezia
ast | glg | spa: Suecia
dan | nor | swe: Sverige
eus | ron | sqi: Suedia
fra | frp | jnf: Suède
arg | roh-srs: Suezia
cat | oci: Suècia
ces | slk: Švédsko
deu | ltz: Schweden / Schweden
hrv | slv: Švedska
kaa | uzb: Shvetsiya / Швеция
kin | run: Ubusuwedi
afr: Swede
aze: İsveç / Исвеч
bam: Suwɛdi
bos: Švedska / Шведска
bre: Sveden
cor: Swedherwyk; Sweden
crh: İsveçiya / Исвечия
csb: Szwedzkô
dsb: Šwedska; Šwedojska
epo: Svedujo; Svedio
est: Rootsi
fao: Svøríki
fin: Ruotsi
fur: Svezie
gag: Şveţiya / Швеция
gla: An t-Suain
gle: An tSualainn / An tSualainn
glv: Yn Toolynn
hat: Syèd
hau: Sweeden; Sweden
hsb: Šwedska
hun: Svédország
ibo: Swiden
ina: Svedia; Sveda
ind: Swedia / سويديا
isl: Svíþjóð
jav: Swedia
kal: Svenskit Nunaat; Sverige
kmr: Sûêd / Суед / سووئێد; Siwêç / Сьwеч / سوێچ; Şvêsî / Швеси / شڤێسی
kur: Swêd; Siwêd / سوێد; Svêçistan / سڤێچستان
lat: Suecia; Suetia
lav: Zviedrija
lim: Zwaede; Zwede
lin: Swési
lit: Švedija
liv: Rūotšmō
mfe: Laswed
mlg: Soeda
mlt: Svezja
mol: Suedia / Суедия
mri: Huitene
msa: Sweden / سويدن
nds: Sweden / Sweden
nld: Zweden
non: Svíþjóð; Svíaríki
nrm: Suêde
pol: Szwecja
por: Suécia
que: Suysya
rmy: Svedo / स्वेदो
rup: Suidia
sag: Süîdi
scn: Svezzia
sco: Swaden
slo: Sxvedia / Шведиа
sma: Sveerje
sme: Ruoŧŧa
smg: Švedėjė
smj: Svierik
smo: Suetena
som: Iswidhan
srd: Isvétzia
swa: Uswidi
szl: Šwecyjo
tet: Suésia
tgl: Suwesya
ton: Sueteni
tpi: Swidan
tuk: Şwesiýa / Швеция
tur: İsveç
vie: Thụy Điển
vol: Svedän
vor: Roodsi
wln: Suwede
wol: Suweed
zul: iSwidi
zza: İsweç
chu: Свеньско (Svenĭsko)
abq | alt | bul | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | rus | tyv | udm: Швеция (Švecija)
che | chv | oss: Швеци (Šveci)
mon | xal: Швед (Šved)
bak: Швеция / Şveciya
bel: Швецыя / Šviecyja; Швэцыя / Švecyja
chm: Швеций (Švecij)
kaz: Швеция / Şvecïya / شۆەتسيا
kbd: Швецие (Švecie)
mkd: Шведска (Švedska)
srp: Шведска / Švedska
tat: Исвәҗ / İsväc; Швеция / Şvetsiä
tgk: Шветсия / شوتسیه / Şvetsija
ukr: Швеція (Švecija)
ara: السويد (as-Suwīd); أسوج (Asūǧ)
ckb: سوید / S(i)wîd; سوێد / S(i)wêd
fas: سوئد / Sued; سود / Soved
prs: سویدن (Svīden)
pus: سويډن (Swīḋən); سويدن (Swīdən)
uig: شىۋېتسىيە / Shiwétsiye / Швеция
urd: سویڈن (Savīḋan); سویڈین (Savīḋen)
div: ސްވިޑްން (Sviḋn)
syr: ܣܘܝܕ (Swīd)
heb: שודיה / שוודיה (Švedyah); שבדיה (Šṿedyah)
lad: סואיסיה / Suesia
yid: שװעדן (Švedn)
amh: ስዊድን (Swidən)
ell: Σουηδία (Soyīdía)
hye: Շվեդիա (Švedia)
kat: შვედეთი (Švedeṭi); შვეცია (Švec̣ia)
hin: स्वीडन (Svīḍan); स्वीडेन (Svīḍen)
ben: সুইডেন (Suiḍen)
pan: ਸਵੀਡਨ (Svīḍan)
kan: ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ (Svīḍan)
mal: സ്വീഡന് (Svīḍan)
tam: சுவீடன் (Čuvīṭaṉ); ஸ்வீடன் (Svīṭaṉ)
tel: స్వీడన్ (Svīḍan)
zho: 瑞典 (Ruìdiǎn)
yue: 瑞典 (Seuihdín)
jpn: スウェーデン (Suwēden)
kor: 스웨덴 (Seuweden)
bod: སི་ཝེ་དེན་ (Si.we.den.); རུའེ་དེན་ (Ru'e.den.); རོས་ཏེན་ (Ros.ten.); སུའེ་རྡན་ (Su'e.rdan.)
dzo: སུའི་ཌན་ (Su'i.ḍan.)
mya: ဆ္ဝီဒင္ (Sʰwidĩ)
tha: สวีเดน (Sawīdēn)
lao: ຊຸຍແອດ (Suy'ǣt)
khm: ស៊ុយអែត (Suy'æt)
#94: As of 12/16/15, under Flickr's popularity rankings of my 400+ pics, this is rated #94 in "interestingness." With so many earlier-posted pics accumulating significantly larger numbers of views (the vast majority of my 200 most viewed pics were posted before fall 2014), it's increasingly harder to have more recent pics place high on flickr's "interestingness" rankings, so this pic's ranking is an accomplishment, or noteworthy.
This is part of a series of pics taken while trying on several different outfits to go with a pair of Qupid beige booties I bought not long ago from DSW. I wrote a review of these on the DSW website at www.dsw.com/shoe/qupid+ravish-83+bootie?prodId=316062&....
For booties, it's great to pair with a cute, belted, short sweaterdress and opaque tights, and this outfit fits the bill nicely, I think. The dress and tights each have a subtle, textured pattern to them that complements each other well, and in fact these tights are actually called "sweater tights" (the first ones I think I've ever worn), because of their thickness and textured pattern. As usual, I also like here my beige and gold accessories (jewelry, scarf, belt and purse).
Let me know what you think... :-)
This butterfly was part of a large migration. Many thousands if not millions. Normally they are found in drier parts of Australia, but due to good winter rains they have bred in large numbers and now migrate to the coast in search of food. The immediate trigger for migration may be extreme weather - in this case it could be heat.
Grey Seals Playing In The Surf.
After Spending The Summer Away, The Seals Are Starting To Come Ashore In Numbers At Their Breeding Site.
The Females Are Heavily Pregnant & Will Start Giving Birth In Less Than A Month.
Apologies For The Poor Sound (& Unpolished Editing !)
(PS - Keep A Look Out For The Surfin' Seal At 0:43)
"Surgeons' Hall in Edinburgh, Scotland, is the headquarters of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSED). It houses the Surgeons' Hall Museum, and the library and archive of the RCSED. The present Surgeons' Hall was designed by William Henry Playfair and completed in 1832, and is a category A listed building.
Surgeons' Hall Museum is the major medical museum in Scotland, and one of Edinburgh's many tourist attractions. The museum is recognised as a collection of national significance by the Scottish Government.
The museum reopened in September 2015, after being closed for an eighteen-month period of redevelopment.
The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh was incorporated in 1505, when it received its Seal of Cause or charter and became styled as 'The Incorporation of Surgeons and Barbers of Edinburgh'. The Museum at Surgeons Hall, Edinburgh dates from 1699 when the Incorporation announced that they were making a collection of ‘natural and artificial curiosities’. and advertised for these in the first edition of a local paper, the Edinburgh Gazette. Daniel Defoe, an early visitor in 1726, wrote in his Tour thro' the whole Island of Great Britain that the 'chamber of rarities' contained many curious things too numerous for him to describe. Much of this early collection was given to the University of Edinburgh in the 1760s.
By the early years of the 19th Century, the Incorporation had received a Royal Charter to become the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. The College saw its primary role as the teaching of anatomy and surgery, the training of surgeons, and examination of their acquired knowledge. Anatomy and pathology specimens were crucial to that function. The museum expanded dramatically with the acquisition of two large collections. John Barclay, a successful anatomy demonstrator in the extramural school of medicine donated his collection, while Sir Charles Bell, Professor of Surgery in the University of London and latterly in the University of Edinburgh sold his collection to the museum. These collections were much too large to be housed in the original 1697 Surgeons' Hall, and so the surgeons commissioned the leading Edinburgh architect William Playfair to build the present day Surgeons Hall, which opened in 1832. At first the entire upper floor of the building was devoted to the museum collections, which were open to the public and attracted large visitor numbers. Throughout the 19th and early 20th century the collection expanded as it became customary for surgeons and pathologists to donate not only specimens which they regarded as interesting or instructive, but surgical instruments and equipment. With the great scientific and technical advances of the time, the museum began to acquire anaesthetic equipment, histology slides, X-rays and photographs.
Edinburgh (/ˈɛdɪnbərə/; Scots: Edinburgh; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Èideann [ˈt̪uːn ˈeːtʲən̪ˠ]) is the capital of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore.
Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government, the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland. The city's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland. The city has long been a centre of education, particularly in the fields of medicine, Scots law, literature, philosophy, the sciences and engineering. It is the second largest financial centre in the United Kingdom (after London) and the city's historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdom's second most visited tourist destination attracting 4.9 million visits including 2.4 million from overseas in 2018.
Edinburgh is Scotland's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The official population estimates are 488,050 (2016) for the Locality of Edinburgh (Edinburgh pre 1975 regionalisation plus Currie and Balerno), 518,500 (2018) for the City of Edinburgh, and 1,339,380 (2014) for the city region. Edinburgh lies at the heart of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region comprising East Lothian, Edinburgh, Fife, Midlothian, Scottish Borders and West Lothian.
The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery. The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city, is placed 20th in the QS World University Rankings for 2020. The city is also known for the Edinburgh International Festival and the Fringe, the latter being the world's largest annual international arts festival. Historic sites in Edinburgh include Edinburgh Castle, the Palace of Holyroodhouse, the churches of St. Giles, Greyfriars and the Canongate, and the extensive Georgian New Town built in the 18th/19th centuries. Edinburgh's Old Town and New Town together are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, which has been managed by Edinburgh World Heritage since 1999." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
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The park now a strong hold within the UK now, year on year it seems the numbers are growing. i worry these birds could be taken valuably nesting holes for woodpecker and little owls.
Numbers made by Railtec transfers
04/12/1954 To service as 13090
Built at Derby Works
Allocated to Bushbury (3B)
17/04/1965 Allocation Reallocated to Bescot (2F)
16/04/1966 Allocation Reallocated to Ryecroft (Walsall) (2G)
22/04/1967 Allocation Reallocated to Bescot (2F)
11/07/1970 Allocation Reallocated to Derby (16C)
02/1974 Renumbered Renumbered to 08075
23/03/1974 Allocation Reallocated to Tinsley (TI)
23/03/1974 Allocation Reallocated to To Eastern Region (91E)
13/12/1981 Withdrawn Condemned as 08075 from Shirebrook (SB)
01/04/1982 Scrapped Broken up by Locomotive Works: Swindon
Fearsome desert savages from the rocky Jundland Wastes, Tusken Raiders, or Sand People, are also crushing wine bores. Trouble is, throw them out of the bar and they'll only be back later, in greater numbers.
Here is my latest quilt which I finished last night which is a birthday present for a little boy turning 5.
The quilt is a Pinwheel Quilt with mostly Moda Recess fabric, but also some Flea Market Fancy & Michael Miller ''Rockets''. For backing I used an IKEA Numbers fabric which I just love. I used Michael Miller ''Ta Dot'' for binding.
I used Thimble Blossoms "WILD THING" pattern but added borders to each block.
Blogged Here: swede-heart.blogspot.com/2011/06/i-finished-this-quilt-la...
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Washington, D.C. | 01/21/2017 | Nikon FE | Kodak Tri-X 400 |
"In the spirit of democracy and honoring the champions of human rights, dignity, and justice who have come before us, we join in diversity to show our presence in numbers too great to ignore. The Women’s March on Washington will send a bold message to our new government on their first day in office, and to the world that women's rights are human rights. We stand together, recognizing that defending the most marginalized among us is defending all of us." - Women's March on Washington
Tree's besieged in a sea of gold...
Olympus OM-1 w M.Zuiko 40-150/2.8 Pro
ISO200 f/6.3 57mm -1ev
Single frame raw developed in DxO PhotoLab 8, colour graded in Nik 7 Color Efex and finished off back in PhotoLab.
"Business, more than any other occupation, is a continual dealing with the future; it is a continual calculation, an instinctive exercise in foresight."
by Henry R. Luce
-- ... and that's how my daily life ... :-) (better viewed on black)
Kumamoto City Transportation Bureau: the city of Kumamoto has a small tramway network, consisting of two lines (with a common trunk) of standard gauge, electrified at 600 V DC. As usual in Japan, most trams are single car, and many old vehicles are still in service.
Here we see the articulated tram 9704 at the Kumamoto Castle/City Hall stop, working a service in the line A to Tasakibashi. It is part of a series of five trams (numbers 9701-9705), built by ADtranz and Niigata Ironworks between 1997 and 2001. It is one of the few models of European origin in Japan. It is derived from the GT6N model designed by MAN and AEG, and whose prototype was built in 1989 for Bremen.
Seen and photographed at the Edvard Munch exhibit entitled "Between the Clock and the Bed" at San Francisco's Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA).
Munch created this painting in 1943. This was his last self-portrait and he painted it at the same time that he was also making arrangements for the disposition of his art collection, upon his death, to the city of Oslo, Norway.
In this painting Munch depicted himself at home living among the bulk of his life's work, flanked by a bed and a grandfather clock rendered without hands or numbers. Together, with Munch, they are the symbolic anchors of a picture that alludes to and transcends the binaries of time and eternity, birth and death, past and present. Munch died in 1944 at the age of 80.
St Peter, Ketteringham, Norfolk
In 2006, I wrote: Ketteringham is just south of the main A11 road, but clever planning policies have left it feeling remote; more remote than it felt before the new road was built, probably. The village straggles along a mile or so of street, and the church is about half a mile to the south. My OS map showed a road leading up to it, but when we looked for this road it turned out to be the private drive of Ketteringham Hall, and was very firmly locked off. Instead, we had to go out into the country on the road to East Carleton and then come back northwards towards the church. It sits immediately beside another entrance to the Hall grounds, and you can see at once that it was a park church, the main churchyard entrances pointing towards gates into the grounds, the public lychgate in the corner added almost as an afterthought.
Another sign that this was a park church is that it was patently given a good going over in the late 18th century. The antiquarian-minded squirearchy of the times didn't know much about medieval architecture, but it knew what it liked. Hence, the fortress-like pinnacle to the tower stairway, and the guardian angels at the other three corners. The residents of the Hall at the time were the Atkyns; their successors were the Boileaus, whose famous mausoleum is to the east of the church. It was built under very traumatic circumstances, one of the central incidents in Owen Chadwick's masterly Victorian Miniature, a book I only read after my visit here, but which will send me back there as soon as possible.
There have been four main families that have left their impression here - the Grays, the Heveninghams, the Atkyns and the Boileaus. The atmosphere of the interior, at once rustic and grand, tells you that the Boileaus had more say in the 19th century than the ecclesiologists of Oxford and Cambridge ever did. Sir John Boileau, the hot-tempered, paternalistic Squire, was responsible for the elegant west gallery; he spent thirty years in dispute with the vain, egotistical, Calvinist Rector William Andrew, and his appalling wife Ellen, a tale recounted in Chadwick's book.
The key lets you in through the vestry, and you step into a chancel which is quite overwhelming in the quantity of its memorials. There are over 500 years worth of them from all four families, and the best thing is that they are almost all both interesting and quirky - few of them are merely pompous or run of the mill.
There are, broadly speaking, four groups. On the south side of the chancel is a large table tomb which might once have formed an Easter sepulchre. Set in its recess are two late 15th century brasses to Sir Henry and Lady Gray. An older brass to Jane Gray is set on the wall to the west of it. Moving west, the massive tomb by Robert Page for Edward Atkyns, who died in 1750, looks like nothing so much as a bath tub with lion's feet.
Directly opposite is the family pew of the Atkyns, later that of the Boileaus - memorials of both families tower above it, most prominently the weeping woman and urn on the Richard Westmacott memorial to father and son Edward and Wright Atkyns; the array of weapons stacked beside the urn recall that the son died in battle.
This is echoed in one of the later brass inscriptions set below to Charles Augustus Penryn Boileau, youngest son of Sir John Boileau. Something of a rake, he went to the Crimean War as a way of escaping his debts, and died in Malta on his way home as a result of injuries suffered at the 1855 seige of Sebastapol; a tangle of musket, sword, bugle and so on, is starkly carved from stone beneath.
A memorial of similar size to John, Charles' eldest brother, matches it; more successful in public life than his brother, he was a parliamentary private secretary to Lord John Russell. Russell's retirement coincided with the end of the Crimean War; John rushed out to see it end, but caught a fever in Austro-Hungary. He came home, but was sent to the south of France to recuperate. He got as far as Dieppe, and died there in 1861.
Between the two brasses is a central, larger one to their parents; SIr John Boileau, his movements, talents and emotions known to us today from Chadwick's book, a bull-headed yet sympathetic character who might have stepped out of the pages of Trollope, and his wife Catherine.
Catherine should have been remembered by a memorial window depicting the Saint that gave her name; but there was such an uproar in the parish, fanned by the Rector, about having an image of a Saint in the church that Sir John relented. The Rector, who was not unkind, reported to Sir John that his greatest fear was that the simple people of the parish might think it was the Virgin Mary.
Perhaps the most curious memorial is the most westerly one of this group. It is a 1910 memorial to Charlotte Atkyns, who died in Paris in 1836, and is buried in an unmarked grave; born a Walpole, she found herself caught up in the events of the French Revolution, and the inscription further recalls that she was the friend of Marie Antoinette, and made several brave attempts to rescue her from prison; and after that Queen's death strove to rescue the Dauphin of France. She bankrupted the family fortunes in her quest, mortgaging the Ketteringham estate and claiming to have spent an extraordinary eighty thousand pounds, about fifteen million in today's money.
Owen Chadwick recalls that, on her death, she requested that her body be returned to Ketteringham and a marble slab be placed on the chancel walls. Her relatives of the time, left destitute by her enthusiasms, not unreasonably failed to carry out either request. You might think that Charlotte's Francophile adventures and the French name of the Boileaus might indicate a family connection; in fact, the Boileaus were an old Huguenot family who came to Norfolk by way of Dublin, and already owned Tacolneston Hall. They bought the bankrupt Ketteringham estate after Charlotte's death.
Perhaps the best of all the memorials is in the north-east corner of the chancel, to Sir William Heveningham and his wife Mary. It is curious, the way the figures and prayerdesk at the bottom, and the ascending angel above, appear to obscure the inscription; but there may be a reason for this. Sir William was one of those who sat in judgement on Charles I, and although he did not actually sign the death warrant, he was deprived of his inheritance, and for many years his name was under a cloud.
St Peter is obviously worth the visit for the memorials alone, but there is rather more to it than that. The church has one of the best collections of medieval and Flemish glass in central Norfolk. One of the most interesting aspects of the collection, given that the Hall was in the hands of four powerful families over the centuries, is that it includes a 15th century Grey arms, and so we may perhaps assume that the families that collected the later continental glass were adding it to English medieval glass that was already in situ.
The most important glass is an English medieval Coronation of the Queen of Heaven, an extraordinarily rare pair of panels. Also English are numerous angels, a Saint Cecilia playing her psaltery, and a Bishop. Continental roundels include St Barbara, and there is also a fascinating St Christopher with a hermit looking on, which I take to be 15th century continental.
One of the striking things about the east window is that this is a collection set for display. I assume that this was the work of the late 18th century Atkyns family. Mary Parker tells me that the entire window was reset in 1908 by the King workshop of Norwich, and that some of it is now in reverse order to that given in an account of 1851. Some of the panels are in poor condition, and I fear that this may be because they were originally set back-to-front, that is to say with the painting outside, exposed to the elements. The King restoration corrected this, but not before the damage had been done.
If St Peter had none of the glass, and none of the memorials either, there would still be much to recommend it. The font is fascinating; four of the panels feature evangelistic symbols, and two others flowers; but the final two panels are very unusual. They are the only two that appear to have suffered iconoclasm; one is clearly a crucifixion scene, something like that which you find often on fonts in the seven sacraments series. The eighth panel is harder to decode. It shows a seated figure holding a staff - could it be Christ in judgement? Or the Mother of God enthroned? It is hard to say. The renewed roof, with its restored angels, is set on outstanding corbels, and there is a good view of them from up in the gallery. This is a small, narrow church, and the intimacy of the views from aloft is much to be recommended. In such a small building it even gives a good vantage point for photographing the east window if you have a decent zoom.
Sir John Boileau built the gallery as a way of providing accommodation for the Sunday School, an interference that the Rector deeply resented. There was no way that Sir John's liberal paternalism and the Rector's fundamentalist intransigence were ever likely to accommodate each other. The firm security of tenure enjoyed by both, and the further sources of friction that arose between them, not least the interference of the Rector's wife, made the situation explosive.
All around are hatchments of Atkyns and Boileaus. There is no doubt that they had their say, but strangely enough there is no sense of triumphalism; rather, they mark a church which is a real backwater, both geographically and in terms of English church furnishing and decoration. But if this was a backwater, it was a moneyed one; there is a real quality to the way everything was carried out here, and this remains today. As a good example, take the late 16th century painting on boards of the Wedding at Canaa in use as a reredos. My goodness, what a thing to find in an English country church! At the time it was painted, we were all enthusiastic protestants, stripping our churches and our lives of things of beauty. But here it is, an extraordinary Flemish survival, probably collected in the early 19th century.
As I said at the start, Norfolk is still full of surprises. This is not a church you find by accident, and so it fully repays the effort of getting here and getting in. What must it have been like to attend divine service here in the 19th century? I assume that the entire parish, pretty much, worked for the Hall. Whose side were they on in the long-running dispute between Squire and Rector? The Rector had the advantage of a three-decker pulpit. The reading light now faces north-west, but at one time he would have faced north-east, to address the Hall pew. This must have given him something of an advantage on a Sunday.
But today it is the Hall families we remember; the Grays, the Heveninghams, the Atkyns and especially the Boileaus. So, spare a glance and a thought before leaving for the cold stone memorial on the south nave wall for William Wayte Andrew, Rector through the middle years of the 19th century. In his evangelical Calvinist zeal he faced up to the Boileaus, but it must be with pursed lips that he is a silent witness to them now.
Simon Knott, 2006, updated 2016
Explore, 18 January 2010 #56
I still have flu, this is day #9.
I feel vile.
I am dealing with a bunch of idiots on a committee who have self-appointed themselves as chair and secretary, without holding a meeting or an election.
I wanted to be in this shot with my birthday numbers, too, but couldn't get all four numbers to sit nicely together. And I look like an enormous lump and I don't like it because it's not who I am or who I want to be. So I basically ballsed up this shot.
I am in a very bad mood indeed which is unusual for me because I'm usually a relentlessy happy person.
Sorry, moaning over.
hbm :)
ODC2 - Our Daily Challenge - Numbers.
Theme of the Week - Resolution
Assignment52 - 022013 - Resolution
I have lots of crossword puzzles saved to be resolved when I have a spare moment or two!! :-) Maybe I should have a resolution to resolve them soon!
Thanks so much for stopping by! If you want to resolve the clues you can read, please have fun and do so! :-)