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A postcard published by the Hart Publishing Co. Ltd. of London E.C.
It was posted on Monday the 12th. August 1912 to:
Mrs. N.F. Fawles,
2, Alstone Villas,
Gloucester Road,
Cheltenham
There is a message on the back of the card, but it is not legible.
Scarborough
Scarborough is a town on the North Sea coast of North Yorkshire. The town lies between 10–230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, rising steeply northward and westward from the harbour on to limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour, and is protected by a rocky headland.
With a population of just over 61,000, Scarborough is the largest holiday resort on the Yorkshire coast. The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, as well as being a tourist destination. People who live in the town are known as Scarborians.
The Development of Scarborough as a Resort
In 1626, Mrs Thomasin Farrer discovered a stream of acidic water running from one of the cliffs to the south of the town. This gave birth to Scarborough Spa, and Dr. Robert Wittie's book about the spa waters published in 1660 attracted a flood of visitors to the town.
Scarborough Spa became Britain's first seaside resort, though the first rolling bathing machines were not noted on the sands until 1735. It was a popular getaway destination for the wealthy of London.
The coming of the Scarborough-York railway in 1845 increased the tide of visitors. Scarborough railway station claims to have the world's longest platform seat. From the 1880's until the First World War, Scarborough was one of the regular destinations for The Bass Excursions, when fifteen trains would take between 8,000 and 9,000 employees of Bass's Burton brewery on an annual trip to the seaside.
The Grand Hotel
When the Grand Hotel (shown in the photograph) was completed in 1867, it was one of the largest hotels in the world, and one of the first giant purpose-built hotels in Europe.
Four towers represent the seasons, 12 floors represent the months, 52 chimneys represent the weeks, and originally 365 bedrooms represented the days of the year. A blue plaque outside marks where the novelist Anne Brontë died in 1849. She was buried in the graveyard of St. Mary's Church by the castle.
Maritime Events Associated With Scarborough
During the Great War, the town was bombarded by German warships. Scarborough Pier Lighthouse, built in 1806, was damaged in the attack.
In 1929 the steam drifter Ascendent caught a 560-pound (250 kg) tunny (Atlantic bluefin tuna), and a Scarborough showman awarded the crew 50 shillings so he could exhibit it as a tourist attraction.
Big-game tunny fishing off Scarborough effectively started in 1930 when Lawrie Mitchell-Henry landed a tunny caught on rod and line weighing 560 pounds (250 kg).
A gentlemen's club, the British Tunny Club, was founded in 1933, and set up its headquarters in the town at the place which is now a restaurant with the same name.
Sir Edward Peel landed a world-record tunny of 798 pounds (362 kg), capturing the record by 40 pounds (18.1 kg) from one caught off Nova Scotia by American champion Zane Grey. The British record, which still stands, is for a fish weighing 851 pounds (386 kg) caught off Scarborough in 1933 by Lawrie Mitchell-Henry.
On the 5th. June 1993 Scarborough made headlines around the world when a landslip caused part of the Holbeck Hall Hotel, along with its gardens, to fall into the sea.
Although the slip was shored up with rocks and the land has long since grassed over, evidence of the cliff's collapse remains clearly visible from The Esplanade, near Shuttleworth Gardens.
The Keystone Cops
So what else happened on the day that the card was posted?
Well, on the 12th. August 1912, Keystone Studios was formed by filmmaker Mack Sennett, producing comedies, most notably those of the Keystone Cops.
SIng Sing Executions
Also on that day, a record seven convicts were put to death in the electric chair at Sing Sing, the New York penitentiary at Ossining, New York, in a little more than an hour.
The first man was executed at 5:09 am, and the last at 6:14 am.
Five were Italian-Americans who had burgled a house at Griffin's Corners, New York in November, during which a sixth man, Santo Zanzara, had stabbed an occupant to death. Zanzara had been executed earlier, and the other five were put to death as accessories.
Sing Sing Correctional Facility
Sing Sing Correctional Facility, formerly Ossining Correctional Facility, is a maximum-security prison operated by the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision in the village of Ossining, New York.
It is about 30 miles (48 km) north of New York City on the east bank of the Hudson River. It holds about 1,700 inmates and housed the execution chamber for the State of New York until the abolition of capital punishment in New York in 1977.
The name "Sing Sing" was derived from the Sintsink Native American tribe from whom the land was purchased in 1685, and was formerly the name of the village. In 1970, the prison's name was changed to the Ossining Correctional Facility, but it reverted to its original name in 1985. There are plans to convert the original 1825 cell block into a museum.
Sing Sing - The Early Years
Sing Sing was the fifth prison constructed by New York state authorities. In 1824, the New York Legislature gave Elam Lynds, warden of Auburn Prison and a former United States Army captain, the task of constructing a new, more modern prison.
Lynds spent months researching possible locations for the prison, considering Staten Island, the Bronx, and Silver Mine Farm, an area in the town of Mount Pleasant on the banks of the Hudson River.
By May 1824, Lynds had decided to build a prison on Mount Pleasant, near (and thus named after) a small village in Westchester County named Sing Sing, whose name came from the Wappinger (Native American) words sinck sinck which translates to 'stone upon stone'.
In March 1825, the legislature appropriated $20,100 to purchase the 130-acre (0.53 km2) site, and the project received the official stamp of approval. Lynds selected 100 inmates from the Auburn prison for transfer and had them transported by barge via the Erie Canal and down the Hudson River to freighters.
On their arrival on the 14th. May 1825, the site was without a place to receive them or a wall to enclose them. Temporary barracks, a cook house, carpenter and blacksmith's shops were rushed to completion.
When Sing Sing was opened in 1826, it was considered a model prison because it turned a profit for the state. By October 1828, Sing Sing was completed. Lynds employed the Auburn system, which imposed absolute silence on the prisoners; the system was enforced by whipping and other punishments.
John Luckey, the prison chaplain around 1843, reported Lynds' actions in running the prison to New York Governor William H. Seward and the president of the Board of Inspectors, John Edmonds, in order to have Lynds removed. Luckey also created a religious library for the prison, with the purpose of teaching correct moral principles.
In 1844, the New York Prison Association was inaugurated in order to monitor state prison administration. The Association was made up of reformers interested in the rehabilitation of prisoners through humane treatment.
Eliza Farnham obtained a position in charge of the women's ward at Sing Sing largely on the recommendation of these reformers. She overturned the strictly silent practice in prison, and introduced social engagement to shift concern more toward the future instead of dwelling on the criminal past.
She included novels by Charles Dickens in Luckey's religious library, novels of which the chaplain did not approve. This was the first documented expansion of the prison library to include moral teachings from secular literature.
Sing Sing in the 20th. Century
Warden T. M. Osborne
Thomas Mott Osborne's tenure as warden of Sing Sing was brief but dramatic. Osborne arrived in 1914 with a reputation as a radical prison reformer. His report of a week-long incognito stay inside New York's Auburn Prison indicted traditional prison administration in merciless detail.
During his time in Sing Sing he wrote his book 'Society and Prisons: Some Suggestions for a New Penology', which influenced the discussion of prison reform and contributed to a change in societal perceptions of incarcerated individuals.
Prisoners who had bribed officers and intimidated other inmates lost their privileges under Osborne's regime. One of them conspired with powerful political allies to destroy Osborne's reputation, even succeeding in getting him indicted for a variety of crimes and maladministration. After Osborne triumphed in court, his return to Sing Sing was a cause for wild celebration by the inmates.
Warden Lewis Lawes
Another notable warden was Lewis Lawes. He was offered the position of warden in 1919, accepted in January 1920, and remained for 21 years as Sing Sing's warden.
While he was warden, Lawes brought about reforms, and turned what was described as an "old hellhole" into a modern prison with sports teams, educational programs, new methods of discipline, and more.
Several new buildings were constructed during the years that Lawes was warden. Lawes retired in 1941, and died six years later.
Sing Sing in WWII And After
In 1943, the old cellblock was closed and the metal bars and doors were donated to the war effort.
In 1989, the institution was accredited for the first time by the American Correctional Association, which established a set of national standards by which it judged every correctional facility.
As of 2019, Sing Sing houses approximately 1,500 inmates, employs about 900 people, and has hosted over 5,000 visitors per month.
The original 1825 cell block is no longer used, and in 2002 plans were announced to turn it into a museum.
In April 2011 there were talks of closing the prison in order to take advantage of its valuable real estate.
Executions at Sing Sing
In total, 614 men and women were executed by electric chair at Sing Sing until the abolition of the death penalty in 1972.
After a series of escapes from death row, a new Death House was built in 1920 and began executions in 1922.
High profile executions in Sing Sing's electric chair, nicknamed "Old Sparky", include Julius and Ethel Rosenberg on the 19th. June 1953, for espionage for the Soviet Union on nuclear weapon research; and Gerhard Puff on the 12th. August 1954, for the murder of an FBI agent.
The last person executed in New York state was Eddie Lee Mays, for murder, on the 15th. August 1963.
In 1972, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Furman v. Georgia that the death penalty was unconstitutional if its application was inconsistent and arbitrary.
This led to a temporary de facto nationwide moratorium (executions resumed in other states in 1977, and the death penalty was reinstated and abolished in New York in various forms over subsequent years), but the electric chair at Sing Sing remained.
In the early 1970's, the electric chair was moved to Green Haven Correctional Facility in working condition, but was never used again.
The Sing Sing Football Team
In 1931, new prison reforms permitted Sing Sing State Penitentiary prisoners to partake in recreation opportunities. The baseball and football teams, and the vaudeville presentations and concerts, were funded through revenue from paid attendance.
Tim Mara, the owner of the New York Giants, sponsored the Sing Sing Black Sheep, Sing Sing's football team. Mara provided equipment and uniforms and players to tutor them in fundamentals. He helped coach them the first season.
All the Black Sheep games were "home" games, played at Lawes Stadium, named for Warden Lewis E. Lawes. In 1935, the starting quarterback and two other starters escaped the morning before a game.
Alabama Pitts was their starting quarterback and star for the first four seasons, but then finished his sentence. Upon release, Alabama Pitts played for the Philadelphia Eagles in 1935.
In 1932, "graduate" Jumbo Morano was signed by the Giants and played for the Paterson Nighthawks of the Eastern Football League.
In 1934, State Commissioner of Correction, Walter N. Thayer banned the advertising of activities at the prison, including football games. On the 19th. November 1936, a new rule banned ticket sales. No revenues would be derived from show and sports event ticketing.
These funds had been paying for disbursements to prisoners' families, especially the kin of those executed, and for equipment and coaches' salaries. With this new edict, the season ended and prisoners were no longer allowed to play football outside Sing Sing.
Plans for a Museum at Sing Sing
Plans to turn a portion of Sing Sing into a museum date back to 2002, when local officials sought to turn the old powerhouse into the museum, linked by a tunnel to a retired cell block, for $5 million.
In 2007, the village of Ossining applied for $12.5 million in federal money for the project, at the time expected to cost $14 million. The proposed museum would display the Sing Sing story as it unfolded over time.
Sing Sing's Contribution to American English
The expression "up the river" to describe someone in prison or heading to prison derives from the practice of sentencing people convicted in New York City to serve their terms in Sing Sing, which is located up the Hudson River from the city. The slang expression dates from 1891.
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(written: _the lettre-is from solomon,and its: İn the name of the God,the compassionate and the merciful.)
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The Postcard
A postcard that was published by Hildesheimer & Co. Ltd. of London and Manchester.
The card was posted in Great Yarmouth on Thursday the 23rd. August 1906 to:
Mrs. C. Ascher,
44, Oakhill Road,
Sutton,
Surrey.
The pencilled message on the back of the card was as follows:
"Dear Grandma,
We went into these
gardens last night and
had a little dancing, but
it was too hot to keep
on long.
It's much cooler today.
How are you enjoying
yourself at Sutton?
Love from Emmie."
Great Yarmouth Winter Gardens
Great Yarmouth Winter Gardens (on the right) is a Grade II* listed building in Great Yarmouth, England. It was built of glass and iron in Torquay over the course of three years, starting in 1878.
It was moved by barge to Great Yarmouth in 1904, purportedly without the loss of a single pane of glass. Over the years, it has been used as ballroom, roller skating rink and beer garden.
In the 1990's it was converted into a nightclub by Jim Davidson, and has since been used as a family leisure venue. It is currently (2020) closed.
In 2018, it was named among the top ten endangered buildings of the Victorian and Edwardian eras in a survey released by the Victorian Society.
In July 2021 it received a £10 million National Lottery Heritage Fund grant to support its repair and reopening.
Johannes Thümmler
So what else happened on the day that Emmie posted the card to her grandmother?
Well, the 23rd. August 1906 marked the unfortunate birth of Johannes Hermann Thümmler, also known as Hans Thümmler.
Thümmler was a German Obersturmbannführer and Head of the Gestapo Chemnitz and Katowice, as well as leader of commando 16 group D Einsatzgruppen in Croatia.
-- The Years up to 1945
Johannes Thümmler was born on the 23rd. August 1906 in Chemnitz, Saxony, the son of publisher and bookseller Hermann Thümmler.
He studied law and graduated as a jurist. In 1932 Thümmler joined the NSDAP and in 1937 the SS. After the seizure of power by the Nazis, Thümmler initially worked at police headquarter Dresden and in Schwarzenberg.
Soon after, he was appointed deputy head of the Gestapo Dresden. In January 1941 he became head of the Gestapo Dresden, and in March 1941, he became head of the Gestapo in Chemnitz. On the 20th. April 1943 he was promoted to Obersturmbannführer.
From the 3rd. July 1943 to the 11th. September 1943 Thümmler led the Einsatzkommando 16 of Einsatzgruppe D in Croatia, based in Knin.
In September 1943 Thümmler returned and was appointed head of the Gestapo and the commander of the state police and the SD (KdS) in Katowice, Upper Silesia.
In this capacity, he also took over the leadership of the SS court martial for Upper Silesia. This court martial convened in Block 11 of the main camp of Auschwitz. After the conquest of the territories by the Red Army and the withdrawal of German troops, Thümmler took over at Easter 1945 for the last time a function at the KdS in Stuttgart.
-- Post War
After the war, Thümmler was initially in French captivity; in 1946 he was transferred to the detention center Ludwigsburg. At the detention center, he was the mayor of the camp self-government.
In the denazification he was classified in 1948 as "major offender" and sentenced to two and a half years of forced labor. The internment was credited to the sentence, therefore Thümmler was released in the same year.
In an appeal hearing, the punishment of Thümmler was decreased in 1949 to 180 days in labor camps and inclusion in the group of "tainted".
In October 1948, he took on a job in the optical factory Zeiss Württemberg Oberkochen.
-- The Auschwitz Trial
On the 2nd. November 1964 Thümmler said as a witness in the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial that "several hundred" death sentences have been pronounced by the state court.
In 60% of cases, the death penalty had been pronounced, in other cases, a perpetual KZ-briefing. In his testimony, Thümmler stated:
"An acquittal was virtually eliminated.
In my days, there was no innocent.
We asked the accused if they agree,
and they all said yes, yes."
The Court consisted of him as chairman and one representative of the Judicial Police and the SD as assessor. The accused were civilians who had been arrested by the Gestapo in Katowice. The arrests were made for alleged resistance activities and criminal activities such as smuggling, courier services or listening to enemy broadcasts.
Each trial lasted rarely longer than two minutes; the basis of the judgments were the previous "confessions" of the defendants.
As a witness in Frankfurt, Thümmler stated that he had not heard or known whether the "confessions" were made in "rigorous interrogations". Such interrogation methods by the Gestapo were associated with abuse.
Investigation against Thümmler did not lead to a conviction.
Thümmler died on the 28th. April 2002 in Eriskirch. He was 95 years of age when he died.
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The message screen of a BAT Community Connector bus in Bangor, Maine, displays a "Closed Christmas Day" message.
Sharing with you a best Teachers Day Messages from Kids. quoteskull.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Teachers-Day-Me...
This is a message you get when you delete a game on my phone. There are at least two things really wrong it -- (1) how many people beyond the programmers who wrote this message know what "JAR files" are? (2) Ever hear of word wrapping?
I made this slideshow in tribute of scientific
work and researches of dr.Masaru Emoto
and his group .
He is been working on direct effects of
WORDS on human,animals &plants growth and health .
all the images are from his book (message of water).
Ofcourse Iranians are proud to have
Zoroastre who learned the best way of life is based on these (7000 years ago):
good thoughts
good talks
good behavior.
A 13 old boy showing a teargas shell that was just fired by the Sudanese (Operations Police) at protestors in Shambat, Bahri, Sudan 29.6.2012
The nice Dutch chap I was working with has tattoos - I only saw them after a few days of working with him when he removed his overalls.
I have to admit that I'm not a fan of tattoos even though they appear to have gone mainstream.
However, I was taken aback at these. Theses convey powerful messages with background to them that I discovered when I talked to him about them.
It's interesting meeting people and discovering things about them.
He has served with the Royal Netherlands Army in Afghanistan.