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Hollo Domokos
(Pre World War I, Habsburg Empire)
Visiting card and Wedding Invitation
There is a Hollo family in and around Miercurea Ciuc who tilled the land for hundreds of years.An apocryphal story suggests that they came from a Szekler village further to the North of Toplita - Carta or Cartani (Czik Carcfolva) and that they were granted as a crest a horse or a horse head. There is a further oral tradition claiming that they were addressed as "your very esteemed lordship" - a standard imposed by the rigid social structure of the Habsburg Empire, in this case for the lowest rank of nobility, probably equivalent in England to a country squire.
We see however the pretense of a coronet on the visiting card which is yet to be supported by archival evidence. Sadly the documentary evidence is scant due to the turbulent history of Transylvania and more recently under communism when archives were systematically destroyed.
The Hollo family of Miercurea Ciuc produced officers in the Habsburg Army (stationed in Bosnia at Sarajevo), catholic priests, farmers and in the 20th century ice hockey players in the Romanian National team.
A branch of the family apparently lives in Budapest.
The origin of the name (meaning Raven) may have something to do with an Armenian minority who settled in Transylvania a few centuries back and gradually were assimilated to Szekler and/or Hungarian ethnic groups by the mid 19th century.
The name of Hollo is to be found also at Baia Mare, in Budapest, and parts of the Serbian Banat and by coincidence in Finland (bearing in mind that both Finnish and Hungarian languages have a common root in the Ugro-Finnic group of Indo-European languages).
Every day Sarah meets with Ibu Juarni to study Indonesian. Juarni is an
excellent language helper, and has become a dear friend. One day she taught
me how to make an Indonesian meal called Kari Ayam (Curry Chicken). It has
Curry in it, but isn't spicy. It is made with coconut milk, which make it a
little sweeter. Indonesians typically would make this meal very spicy, but
because we can't handle it as spicy as they do we toned it down a little.
Here's Sarah with Juarni and her 2 girls, Riryn and Jennie.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia, and later the Soviet Union, became a one-party socialist state governed by the Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism.
Born to a schoolteacher's family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's 1887 execution. Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Tsarist government, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He relocated to Saint Petersburg in 1893 where he became a senior Marxist activist. In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye in Siberia for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent theorist in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). In 1903, he took a key role in the RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks. Following Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he initially campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which, as a Marxist, he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and the rise of socialism. After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia and played a leading role in the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new government.
Lenin's Bolshevik government initially shared power with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, elected soviets, and a multi-party Constituent Assembly, although by 1918 it had centralised power in the new Communist Party. Lenin's administration redistributed land among the peasantry and nationalised banks and large-scale industry. It withdrew from the First World War by signing a treaty conceding territory to the Central Powers, and promoted world revolution through the Communist International. Opponents were suppressed in the Red Terror, a violent campaign administered by the state security services; tens of thousands were killed or interned in concentration camps. His administration defeated right and left-wing anti-Bolshevik armies in the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922 and oversaw the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. Responding to wartime devastation, famine, and popular uprisings, in 1921 Lenin encouraged economic growth through the New Economic Policy. Several non-Russian nations had secured independence from Russia after 1917, but five were forcibly re-united into the new Soviet Union in 1922, while others repelled Soviet invasions. His health failing, Lenin died in Gorki, with Joseph Stalin succeeding him as the pre-eminent figure in the Soviet government.
Widely considered one of the most significant and influential figures of the 20th century, Lenin was the posthumous subject of a pervasive personality cult within the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. He became an ideological figurehead behind Marxism–Leninism and a prominent influence over the international communist movement. A controversial and highly divisive historical figure, Lenin is viewed by his supporters as a champion of socialism, communism, anti-imperialism and the working class, while his critics accuse him of establishing a totalitarian dictatorship that oversaw mass killings and political repression of dissidents.
A smile is always the best way to engage children...especially in Asia, where they have a natural curiosity to look at the strange visitors! Unlike in Thailand, where school uniforms are very varied and colourful, green and white is worn by all children in Myanmar. The "longyi" is worn by most of the local men and boys.
Chinuk Wawa was a hybrid language including Chinookan, Nootkan, French, and English used
in the Pacific Northwest during the fur trade era. It also aided communication between soldiers and American Indians during the Civil War. Officers who’d learned the language at Fort Vancouver used it to send coded dispatches. This pipe also represents the combination of these cultures.
All languages,international Section:
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God sent to us the last king on earth, he is His servant and His khalifa Nasser Mohammad Al-Yemeni, he is God’s mercy for all creatures also he is an enemy of antichrist satan and sign of his Leadership is the authority of knowledge and his explanatory-statement for the grand Quran that been taught to him by the Lord of the worlds to teach the secret of all secrets which is the purpose of creating us.. please read, ponder and circulate far and wide, Please join us to follow the chosen by Allah the Awaited Mahdi Nasser Mohammad Al-Yemeni and visit his website to discover the Truth from Allah the Al-Mighty.. we urge you to read ponder and circulate far and wide :
www.awaited-mahdi.com/forumdisplay.php?19
Here is the detailed explanatory statement about the secret of hollow earth, the deceptive (antichrist), the masonic, gog and magog, and about the barrier of Dhul Qarnain and its place, also the planet of chastisement and the secret of haroot and maroot also what is called the space creatures (Aliens) and the fact of Al-Dabba with companions of the cave and Al-Raqeem, and the secret of Allah’s name the Greatest, also the alphabetical letters at the beginning of some chapters in addition to many secrets of the holy Quran – a detailed comprehensive explanatory-statements for these grand secrets in the link bellow (We hope to ponder and reflect for the importance and not rush in judgement).
English Language :
www.the-greatnews.com/forumdisplay.php?24
internationalsection.wordpress.com
Secret of Planet x and return of the Messiah
About NIBIRU PLANET X :
www.nibiru-planetx10.blogspot.com
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:خلاصة قصيرة عن بَعْث الإمام المهدي المنتظر
:الموقع الرسمي للإمام المهدي المنتظر ناصر محمد اليماني
ونرجو ونطلب من كل من يصِلُه هذا الخبر والنبأ العظيم أن لا يتسرع في الحكم قبل التبين والتدبر والقراءة والبحث بعد الإنابة إلى الله وصدق التوكل عليه وإستخارته في هذا الأمر العظيم وإليكم الخبر بشكل مختصر: إخوتي وأحبابي في الله نُبشركم جميعا ببعث المهدي المنتظر الحق الذي بشركم النبي عليه الصلاة والسلام ببعثه في أمة آخر الزمان عندما تمتلئ الأرض ظلما وجورًا.. من الطبيعي أن هذا قد لا تستوعبه عقولكم ولكن بالله عليكم لا تكذبوا ولا تعرضوا عن الأمر قبل التبين والقراءة والتعمق والبحث بهذا الخصوص، فوالله رب العرش العظيم إن هذا خبر يقين ونبأ عظيم، فالمهدي المنتظر الحق الآن بينكم حيّ يرزق يعيش في (اليمن) عاصمة الخلافة الاسلامية العالمية القادمة، وهو الآن في عصر الحوار من قبل الظهور والتمكين، أي أنه يدعو أولا علماء وشيوخ الأمة الإسلامية بكافة طوائفهم وفرقهم وأحزابهم إلى الحوار والاحتكام إلى كتاب الله ليحكم بينهم بحكم الله الحق في كل المسائل وجميع الأمور التي اختلفوا فيها، ليُنفي االإختلاف والتعددية المذهبية والحزبية والطائفية التي أدت إلى تفرق المسلمين إلى أكثر من سبعين طائفة، فالمهدي المنتظر الحق لن يكون من أي هذه الفِرق فيزيد المسلمين فرقة وطائفية وتحزبا وشَتاتا بل سيبعثه الله (حنيفا مسلما) لله رب العالمين على مِلة كافة الأنبياء والمرسلين، فيوحد صفوف الأمة الإسلامية ويُجبر كسرها ويَلُمّ تفرقها ويقيم خلافة إسلامية على منهاج النبوة الأولى، فينصُر الله ويظهر به دينه ويتم نوره ولو كره الكافرون، فيدحض بالبرهان من محكم القرآن كثيرا من الروايات المفتراة على الله ورسوله وصحابته من طرف المنافقين اليهود الذين يبطنون الكفر ويظهرون الإيمان للصّد عن الحق، والمهدي المنتظر الحق ناصر محمد اليماني زاده الله بسطة في العلم على كافة علماء الأمة وأتاه الله علم الكتاب الشامل وعلّمه بيانه الحق وأحاطه الله بكافة أسراره وأيده الله ببرهان الخلافة والإمامة، وقد كشف في كثير من بياناته عن أسرار عظيمة وخطيرة ولأول مرة وبالدلائل والبراهين حصريا من القرآن العظيم: مثل حقيقة وسِرّ إسم الله الأعظم وسرّ الأحرف المقطّعة في أوائل السّور وحقيقة كوكب العذاب من مُحكم الكتاب الطارق النجم الثاقب ذو الذّنب أو ما يسميه الغرب بالكوكب العاشر (نيبيرو nibiru planet x) وفصل عن أصحاب الكهف والرقيم المضاف إليهم الذي يوجد داخل تابوت السكينة فبيّن قصتهم وعددهم وأسمائهم ومكانهم والحكمة من بعثهم في عصر المهدي المنتظر وفصّل أيضا عن أسرار المسيح الدجال ويأجوج وماجوج ومن هُم وأين يوجدون وموعد ومكان خروجهم وكذلك حقيقة جنة بابل بالأرض المجوفة وسِر الأطباق الطائرة وما يسمى بالمخلوقات الفضائية وعلاقتهم بالماسونية والمسيح الدجال.. وكثيرا من أسرار وعلوم القرآن لكن للآسف أعرض كثير من علماء الأمة وخطباء المنابر ومفتي الديار عن الدعوة للاحتكام الى كتاب الله والمناظرة بسلطان وبرهان العلم، وان إستمر الإعراض والتكذيب فإن الله تعالى سيُظهره وينصُره بعذاب وبأس شديد بآية من السماء تظل أعناق المكذبين من هَولها خاضعين لخليفة الله وعبده المهدي المنتظر الحق إنها نار الله الموقدة التي سَيعرضها الله للكافرين عَرضا أحد أشراط الساعة الكبرى النجم ذو الذنب الطارق النجم الثاقب كوكب العذاب سقر اللواحة للبشر والتي ستمُرّ قريبا من أرضكم ويمطر الله بها حجارة من سِجّيل، وتتسبب في طلوع الشمس من مغربها بسبب تأثيرها وجاذبيتها القوية، أما الآن وقبل وصولها فيزداد التناوش مع الأرض وينتج عن ذلك كثيرا من الزلازل والعواصف والبراكين والفيضانات والحرائق والعواصف الشمسية وكثيرا من التقلبات المناخية العظيمة وما يسميه الغرب والملحدين بالكوارث الطبيعية، وما ذلك إلا من العذاب الأدنى دون العذاب الأكبر لعلهم يرجعون ويصدقون بالحق من ربهم … هذه مُجرد خلاصة وموجز قصير و روؤس أقلام لا تغنيكم عن التدبر والبحث أكثر بهذا الخصوص والتعمق في البيانات وما يقوله الإمام ناصر محمد اليماني، فنستحلفكم بالله يا إخوتي الأحبة أن تتدبروا وتتبينوا ولا تتسرعوا في الحكم قبل أن تطلعوا على بياناته وحوراته ومناظراته مع بعض علماء الأمة ممن حاوروه باسماء مستعارة في موقعه وأقام عليهمن الحجة بالحق في مسائل كثيرة مثل (عقيدة عذاب القبر ونعيمه وعقيدة رؤية الله جهرة وحد الرجم للزاني والناسخ والمنسوخ والشفاعة والوسيلة وقتل المرتد واسم الله الأعظم والمسيح الدجال وياجوج وماجوج واصحاب الكهف والرقيم وعودة المسيح عيسى وكثير من المسائل والعقائد الإسلامية..) جعلنا الله وإياكم من عباده أولي الالباب الذين يستمعون القول فيتبعون أحسنه ونسأل الله تعالى أن يهدي كافة عباده أجمعين إلى طريقه المستقيم طريق الحق المبين ويجعلنا أمة واحدة نعبده ولا نشرك به شيأ وإليكم أسفله بعض الروابط الهامة لمزيد من البيانات المختارة وفي أول رابط تجدون الفهرسة الموضوعية للبيانات حسب الأبواب والأقسام لتسهيل البحث عليكم
www.the-greatnews.com/showthread.php?7415
بُرهان الخلافة والإمامة وكيف تعرفون المهدي المنتظر الحق من محكم القرآن الكريم
www.the-greatnews.com/showthread.php?306-
البيان المُفصل عن سِرّ إسم الله الأعظم وحقيقة الشفاعة والوسيلة الدرجة العالية الرفيعة
www.the-greatnews.com/showthread.php?2144
بيانات هامة عن حقيقة وسرّ الأحرف المقطعة في أوائل سور القرآن الكريم
www.awaited-mahdi.com/showthread.php?22175-
البيان المفصل عن إسم المهدي المنتظر الحق الذي بشرنا ببعثه النبي عليه الصلاة والسلام
www.the-greatnews.com/showthread.php?4526
سـرُّ الأرض المجوفة والمسيح الدجال وياجوج وماجوج والماسونية وعن من يكون ذي القرنين وما إسمه وقصته المفصلة ومكان تواجد السّد الذي بناه ومن هما هاروت وماروت وكشف ما يسمى بالمخلوقات الفضائية والأطباق الطائرة ومصدرهم وعلاقتهم بالمسيح الدجال
www.the-greatnews.com/showthread.php?20333-
مدونة للبيانات بخصوص كوكب نيبرو الكوكب العاشر سقر اللواحة للبشر
وإليكم هذا البيان المُفصل عن عن الكوكب العاشر ( نيبرو) من محكم القرآن
البيانات المفصلة عن أصحاب الكهف والرقيم وتابوت السكينة ومكانهم وقِصتهم
www.the-greatnews.com/showthread.php?8916
بعض الصفحات للبيان الحق للقرآن الكريم على الفايسبوك
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"Language of street" Vol 1 fanzine.
Authors: Dimitriy W. - Igor O.
Home made print.
30 pages.
Yalta - Ukraine - 2008
The Modern Language Center has arranged for a special trip in downtown Amman. The reason for the Arabic students to acquaint themselves with the archaeological and landmarks in the capital city Amman. They took advantage of their being downtown, had the chance to eat our national sweets “Kenafa”.
They enjoyed the trip very much.
A cameo role in Vic Sotto's 2001 Blockbuster Movie: LASTIKMAN (Interpreting for a Deaf adult who witnessed a crime...)
Forgive my rather emotional language, but if you are responsible for this you are a moron of the first order.
Okay, maybe you just put the paint pot down and walked on, then another moron knocked it over.
Next morning, a load of little kids had to walk to school through this. It's all over their shoes, its gets walked into their school, into their houses, ruins the paving stones in the Passage...still think there's no consequences to just leaving that paint pot in the street?
When that butterfly flaps its wings, I hope you are at the epicentre of the subsequent earthquake...
Update Enterprise cleared the pot and put some sort of granules down on the mess but not before the paint had been walked all through the infant school and caused a dreadful mess in the brand new nursery building. The flagstones are ruined. I hope there is some way of getting them clean again, but I'm not holding out much hope that they'll just do it. I've seen plenty of old paint spills round here that are just left.
Update #2: The flagstones in the Passage were jet washed clean, although the street on either side was not.
To briefly summarize what this French-language plaque says: the cannon is war booty, gotten by the Brits after defeating the Russkis in the Crimean War; they gave these out to cities all over the Empire in thanks for the men who served from said cities; so Trois-Rivières got one.
Trois-Rivières, Québec.
Shane Global Language Centre - Hastings.
Upper Intermediate Class
Sept. 2010
Find us on: www.shaneglobal.com
Adalah and the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) sent numerous letters to mixed cities’ municipalities over the years to remind them of their obligations to post public signage in both Arabic and Hebrew, pursuant to the organizations’ petition and the 2002 Supreme Court decision. As Natserat Illit continues to ignore the Court’s decision, the organizations’ have written to the Attorney General, and may submit a motion for contempt to the Supreme Court to compel compliance. (Street signs and municipal notice boards in Natserat Illit appearing in a mix of Hebrew, English, Arabic and Russian. Photo by Mati Milstein)
The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center held its 75th Anniversary Ball at the Hyatt Regency in Monterey, California, Nov. 5 to celebrate the extraordinary efforts of its students, instructors, staff and alumni throughout the years.
The photo doesn't do it justice. In particular the red writing on the burnt orange background doesn't come thru well.
everything single thought i've had today has been for the most part depressing. i'm not usually like this, really.. i have these down on myself moments. and i mean-i get REALLY down. today for example. i feel like i'm going to go crazy before this day is over.
first there is the always pleasant thought and fear of lack of talent. not only in my major in school, but in any and everything. Looking at this flickr, i see juvienille work from a mediocre photographer. i would never even pretend to put anything i have taken up for sale. i wish i could write more regularly.. but then i feel like i'm only good at it SOMETIMES, when i'm extremely emotional. even then i don't feel like i can fully write what i feel.
i also just have this insanely horrible self hatred, i couldn't even tell you where it comes from. not so much of me-me..but of my appearance. it seems to me that no matter how hard i try i will never see in the mirror what i want. in terms of losing weight, most defintely. the dumbest thing i hate SO much about myself are my freckles. i don't know why i hate them so much..i just feel like a lepar--[i'm not even pretending to know how to spell that.] its just frustrating when you find most things about yourself disgustable.
i'm giving my two weeks at work and i feel guilty becasue two people just quit and i feel like i'm leaving them high and dry. but i simply cannot handle it anymore. theres too much going on. school is stressing me out enough for 3 jobs.
i feel pretty distant from my friends recently.
my family..we just need help.
long distance relationships completely suck. i've always looked down on the strange people who try to make them work, wondering how anyone could have so much faith in such a hopeless situation. now that i am one of those people, i feel so so indescribably empty. the worst thing to do is sit and think about this..but i miss him so much. i would settle for 3 minutes holding him tonight.
this is not a feel sorry for me thing.. not by any means..its just me trying desperately to get this feeling out of my chest. okayy.
Sign language chart. Hand gestures for communicating with the hearing and sight impaired or those under a vow of silence. Invented by monks.
Representatives from the College of DuPage Spanish, German, Korean, French, Japanese and Italian clubs and the Alpha Mu Gamm Language Honor Society recently held a celebration of their diverse cultures at the Multicultural Mashup at the Glen Ellyn campus, 425 Fawell Blvd. The groups presented music, food and other cultural treats to highlight their respective corners of the world and educate guests on the various groups represented on the COD campus.
"There is only one Chinese language."
If you look close enough there are 2 different types of Chinese newspapers. I didn't know this until I met my wife :D
Underwater Odyssey snorkeling sea tour in Pattaya Thailand 10 January 2025
One of the best for observing the tropical underwater world, guided snorkeling tour from Pattaya City to Samae Sarn National Park. In the first half of the day there will be a speed boat trip with snorkeling near a group of uninhabited islands, where Nemo fish and sea turtles live. And secondary, after a delicious lunch - time to relax at Hat Nang Ram, the beach in Sattahip. Snorkeling equipment, meal and transfer are provided.
Details and reservation online: thai-online.tours
Instant reservation: +66-838-383-539
WhatsApp: +66-838-383-539
Viber: +66-838-383-539
Telegram: @thaionlinetours
E-mail info@thai-online.org
Read in Russian language: thai-online.org/
Around the world excursions and guided tours: www.7stars-tours.com. Use the link to search best deals and online reservations with the lowest prices!
ALL THINGS TO DO IN PATTAYA
All the best, newest, popular and not expensive excursions in Pattaya - on our THAI-ONLINE website. Can read and download the price with all of our proposals.
Reserve excursions in Pattaya online +668-3838-3539
Pattaya exhibitions and galleries
Beaches and islands of Pattaya
Pattaya snorkeling tours, sea cruises
Pattaya water parks and attraction parks
Pattaya sea fishing, lake fishing
Religious tour, Sak Yant tattoos
Journays from Thailand to other countries
Overnight island tours from Pattaya
Kanchanaburi - River Kwai from Pattaya
Cambodia Angkor Wat from Pattaya
Tours to Northern Thailand from Pattaya, Phuket, Bangkok
Phuket, Samui, Songkla, Narathiwat from Pattaya
Exclusive overnight excursions
Package tours to Thailand and not only
TOURIST OFFERS IN OTHER COUNTRIES:
Hanging out at the AllSet Learning to play some language card games, purchased from LanguageCardGames,com.
Someone's written 'Ukraine' with a Russian letter I, and someone's come along and revised it to a Ukrainian I. The tension is palpable!
Urmia (Turkish language: Urmu, Urmiyə, اورمیه; farsi: ارومیه) variously translitterated as Oroumiyeh, Orūmīyeh and Urūmiyeh, is a city in and the capital of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 577,307, with 153,570 households.
The city lies at an altitude of 1,330 m above sea level on the Shahar Chay river (City River). Urmia is the 10th most populated city in Iran. The population is mainly mainly Azerbaijanian Turkish(85-90%), with Kurdish, Assyrian Christian, and Armenian minorities.
Urmia is situated on a fertile plain called Urmia Plain, on western side of Lake Urmia; and eastern side of Turkish border and marginal range of mountains.
Urmia is the trade center for a fertile agricultural region where fruit (especially Apple and Grape) and Tobacco are grown. An important town by the 9th cent., Urmia was seized by the Seljuk Turks (1184), and later occupied a number of times by the Ottoman Turks.
Urmiye (Türkçesi:اورمو, Urmu, اورمیه, Urumiyə;Farsça: ارومیه, Orumieh), İran'ın Batı Azerbaycan Eyaleti'nin yönetim merkezi olan şehir. Şehir, bağlı olduğu eyaletin orta kısmında, Urmiye Gölü ile Türkiye sınırı arasında, kendi adıyla anılan ovada kuruludur. Nüfusu 2006 yılı verileriyle 577,307 kişidir ki Urmiye ülkenin en büyük 10. şehridir.
Urmiye şehrinde nüfusun çoğunluğunu (tahmini 90%) Türklerdir, azınlık kısmınıysa Kürtler, Süryaniler ve Ermeniler oluşturuyor.
Barstow chapters of Spanish, French and Chinese language honor societies inducted new members at a celebration assembly on March 10, 2020. (Photo by Todd Race)
Indian Wild Ass/ Khur
The Indian wild ass (Equus hemionus khur) also called the Ghudkhur, Khur or Indian onager in the local Gujarati language, is a subspecies of the onager native to Southern Asia. As of 2016, it is listed as Near Threatened by IUCN.
A the previous census in 2009, estimated 4,038 Indian wild ass. However, the population was still growing. In December 2014, the population was estimated at 4,451 individuals. It has increased from a jump of 454. However, as of 2015, the current Indian wild ass population has increased to more than 4,800 individuals in and outside of the Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary of India.
The Indian wild ass, as with most other Asian wild ass subspecies, is quite different from the African wild ass species. The coat is usually sandy, but varies from reddish grey, fawn, to pale chestnut. The animal possesses an erect, dark mane which runs from the back of the head and along the neck. The mane is then followed by a dark brown stripe running along the back, to the root of the tail.
The Indian wild ass's range once extended from western India, southern Pakistan (i.e. provinces of Sindh and Baluchistan), Afghanistan, and south-eastern Iran. Today, its last refuge lies in the Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary, Little Rann of Kutch and its surrounding areas of the Great Rann of Kutch in the Gujarat province of India. The animal, however, is also seen in the districts of Surendranagar, Banaskantha, Mehsana, and other Kutch districts. Saline deserts (rann), arid grasslands and shrublands are its preferred environments.
The Indian wild ass population has been increasing in numbers and extending its range from Little Rann of Kutch, where the world's last population of this subspecies had got confined to in recent years, and has gradually started moving out and colonizing the Greater Rann of Kutch, also extending into the neighboring Indian State of Rajasthan in the bordering villages in Jalore district bordering the Rann of Kutch of Gujarat and Khejariali and its neighbourhood where a 60 km2 area was transferred to the Rajasthan Forest Department by the revenue authorities in 2007. At this place Rebaris (camel and sheep breeders) live in the Prosopis juliflora jungles in the company of chinkaras, striped hyenas, red foxes, desert cats and Indian wolves, etc.
It is unknown how the Indian wild ass disappeared from its former haunts in parts of western India and Pakistan, since the animal was never a hunting target of Indian Maharajas and colonial British officials of the British Raj. However, India's Mughal Emperors and noblemen from the time took great pleasure in hunting it with Emperor Jahangir in his book Tuzk-e-Jahangiri. In an illustrated copy that has survived of Akbarnama, the book of Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great there is an illustration of Akbar on an Indian wild ass shoot with several of them having been shot by him.
From 1958-1960, the wild ass became a victim of a disease known as surra, caused by Trypanosoma evansi and transmitted by flies, which caused a dramatic decline of its population in India. In November and December 1961, the wild ass population was reduced to just 870 after to the outbreak of South African Horse Sickness.
Besides disease, the ass's other threats include habitat degradation due to salt activities, the invasion of the Prosopis juliflora shrub, and encroachment and grazing by the Maldhari. Conservation efforts since 1969 have helped boost the animal's population to 4000.
In the last century, the Indian wild ass lived all over the dry regions of northwestern India and western Pakistan including Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Sind and Baluchistan. Today, it survives only in the Little Rann, and a few stray towards the Great Rann of Kutch with some reaching bordering villages in the Jalore district of the Indian State of Rajasthan.
First census of the wild ass was done in 1940, when there were an estimated 3,500 wild asses. But, by the year 1960, this figure fell to just 362, it was then classified as a highly endangered species. In the years 1973 & 1976, Rann of Kutch and adjoining districts were taken up as the area for conservation for this sub-species also known as Khur. From 1976, the forest department began conducting the wild ass census. Water holes were increased in the area, the forest department has also started a project for having fodder plots though the forest department is yet to get desired success. In 1998, the wild ass population was estimated at 2,940, by the year 2004 it has increased to an estimated 3,863. A recent census conducted by forest department in 2009 has revealed that the population of wild ass in the state was estimated to about 4,038, an increase of 4.53% as compared to 2004. Recently in 2015, the current census of the Indian wild ass population has increased to more than 4,800 individuals in and outside of the Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary of India.
Of late, it has been spotted right outside Ahmedabad near Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary. It seems it is no more confined to the 4,953.71 km2 area of the Rann, but it is now being found right up to the Kala Dungar near Banni grasslands in Kutch and Nal Sarovar. Within the State of Gujarat it is now also found in districts of Surendranagar, Rajkot, Patan, Banaskantha and Kutch. This population of wild asses is the only gene pool of Indian wild asses in the entire world and one of the six geographical varieties or sub-species surviving on the planet.
The population has been growing since 1976 but the wild ass experts warn, long-term trends show intense fluctuations. This area in Kutch, Gujarat is drought-prone due to erratic monsoons, the wild ass population could decline suddenly as a result of a massive die-off. It is only if there are no severe droughts, the species is likely to grow and disperse in the Great Rann and adjoining Rajasthan, habitats that the wild ass occupied in the recent past.
The Gujarat Ecological Education and Research Foundation (GEER) report has recommended that the Thar desert in Rajasthan should be developed as an alternative site for re-establishing the Indian wild ass by reintroduction a few of them there.
passport ... check
power cord ... check.
memory card ... check
camera ... check
tripod ... check.
Oh wait, this is supposed to be a business trip... :)
Is it just me or does this sign seem to be an example of poor english usage. What does the Etc refer to? Seems a little strange to me anyways!
Where there are humans, there are stories. Some stories have such strong roots in our psyche that we have coined words after characters in them. We call such a word an eponym, from Greek epi- (upon) + -onym (name). The English language has thousands of words coined after people, both real and fictional. This week we'll feature five, coined after fictional people.
Today's word of the day is Sinon, named after Sinon, a Greek man who, by his false tale, persuaded the Trojans into taking the wooden horse inside Troy. Also from the Greek word sinomai (to harm or hurt).
Learn more at: wordsmith.org/words/sinon.html