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(Top left) Suzette Haden Elgin
Author and Creator of Láadan
Arkansas
Born in Missouri in 1936, Dr. Elgin has had a distinguished career as a writer, artist, linguist, verbal self-defense trainer, grandmother, publisher of the Linguistics & Science Fiction newsletter, and founder of the Science Fiction Poetry Association. In 1980, she first came to widespread attention with her book The Gentle Art of Verbal Self-Defense. Elgin’s place in the conlanger’s pantheon, however, was assured with the creation of Láadan, appearing in her Native Tongue Trilogy: Native Tongue, The Judas Rose, and Earthsong. Láadan is a language created by women for women.** The novel is set in a future where women have been subjugated to serve only as linguists for male-dominated companies dealing with various alien races. However, being linguists, the women begin to create a language to more accurately reflect their thoughts, feelings, and desires and to free them from a male-dominated, aggressive way of expressing themselves. (Photo courtesy of Suzette Haden Elgin)
**[ADDENDUM: In an email from Dr. Elgin to Don Boozer, 5/11/2008: "I have just one comment, about this sentence: 'Láadan is a language created by women for women.' It's true that it's a language created by women, but not just for women. In the trilogy it's made very clear that it was intended for men as well as for women, and I have been fighting this "women-only" myth for decades now. I don't know how it got started, but I take every opportunity I get to try to get the word out that it's a myth." I would like to thank Dr. Elgin for pointing this out and wanted to share her comment with viewers of the exhibit. -- D. Boozer]
The Babel Text in Láadan
1.Bíide eríli thi Doni daneth nede neda, i ndi with woho beth wáa.
2.Widahath memina with henedim, meredeb ben raboth Shinareha, i menómina ben núuha.
3.Ndi ben hin hinedim, "Wil mehel len udeleth menedebe i mehóowahal len beneth." Meduth ben udeleth menedebe hotheha udethu i doniyibometh hotheha dóshidihudethu.
4.Id ndi ben, "Wil mehel len miwitheth leneyóoda, i wil thi miwith wohíthiháalish woshumatheth aril mehan with woho leneth i hothehóo beth lenethohéwan."
5.Izh sháad Lahila láad Bi miwitheth i shumathethehéwan.
6.Di Lahila, "Bíi bre menashub mezhe with i ndi with wozhe wodanetheháa hith, ébre methad meshub ben menédeshub meshub ben beyeth wohoháath wa.
7."Wil dórawedeth Li dan benethoth mehen ra ben hin hinethehéwan."
8.Dórashidi Lahila beneth hin hinede Doniha o, i menóhel ben miwitheth.
9.Babel zha hothetho hiwáanehóo--bróo dórawedeth Lahila dan Donithoth woho núuha. Dóralolin Lahila beneth núude Donidim woho.
Translated by Amberwind Barnhart
(http://internet.cybermesa.com/~amberwind/babel2.html)
(Top right) Carsten Becker
Creator of Ayeri
Germany
21-year-old Carsten Becker, a native of Braunschweig, Germany, started conlanging after reading J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings and being amazed by "all the Quenya in there and the detail given to it." He happened upon Mark Rosenfelder's Language Construction Kit (http://www.zompist.com/kit.html) while doing Internet searches for material on Tolkien's languages. This was in 2002, and, in December 2003, Carsten began work on his conlang Ayeri after two previous abandoned attempts known as The Nameless Language and Daléian. Carsten states that "since then, Ayeri has been gradually growing, and my ultimate goal is to make it a comfortably usable (private) language -- which I think is a common goal of many conlangers." An in-depth Ayeri Coursebook was written in 2005 by Carsten and was made available on his website in a professional-looking PDF format. It included the three separate Ayeri writing systems as well as a full grammar and dictionary. Carsten is revising the Ayeri grammar to reflect changes made in the past few years and is planning on tackling the entire Coursebook next; however, information is readily available on the web at Tay Benung: The Ayeri Resource (http://benung.freehostia.com). The site includes a grammar, dictionary, texts, information on the scripts, and even recordings in Ayeri! Tay Benung is Ayeri for "The Web."
Carsten is currently in training as a publishing assistant for Westermann, one of the biggest publishers of textbooks in Germany and known internationally for their exquisite wall maps. Studying languages or linguistics sometime after finishing his training "is still at the back of my mind," Carsten admits, "as it could also be useful for getting on with my current job." And, not to mention, continuing to expand Ayeri.
(Photo courtesy of Carsten Becker. Quotes taken from an email to Don Boozer.)
The Babel Text in Ayeri
1.Ayeicanang sira matahaiyàn naranoin acama nay sira maríyàtang narániein acamaye.
2.Si tadayea ayeang ea mamangaiyàn mangasara cemanon, ea masahaiyàtang manga cong yaprihinnoea similin Syinar nay mamitaniyàtang adaea.
3.Manaraiyàtang, "Manga gumanoea! Sira manu-manu nermoieon rataneri nay napu-napu arètlei." -- Isarè, yam maríyàtang nermoielei yelangieon nay suvanolei miyungon.
4.Manaraiy tang: "Manga gumanoea! Sira vehaynang meaironin sitangaynyam caivo yaenonea sea eng grenarôn lenoea! Adauyi garanin aynena ang setaviyù nudenisa. Edaveanón isa sehangarò cadanya aynaris, ang setararì ranyain aynaris eirarya arecaea."
5.Nárya in Tay NAHANG ang masahaiyò manga avan arecaea silvyam aironaris nay enonlei saris ceynamang mavehiyàn.
6.Si tadayea ang masilviyòin ennyalei manaraiyòang: "Elinam mea ea setavarêng mangasara edanyaon? Ang yomaiyàtin ayearis amenye nay sira naraiyàtang naranoin amen. Le samiliyàtang adanyaon, le ming semaraiyàtang ennyaon! Ranyalei emimaya iyàtyam nay le semiraiyàtang ennyaon silei-ena ming niliyàtang."
7.Nay epang edanyaea ang manaraiyòin: "Manga gumanoea! Sahu, saru-saru manga avan arecaea teimyam naranoaris iyàtena."
8.Adáre ang Tay NAHANG ea materiyò iyàtaris eirarya arecain aícan nay sira ming masamiroíyàtang vehyam aironin.
9.Isiyà, edayal edáironin sira magaraiyà Babel: yanoyam adaea, ang Tay NAHANG sira mateimiyò naranoin ceynamena nay mangasara adaea ea materiyòang ceynamaris eirarya arecaea aícan.
Translated by Carsten Becker
(http://www.beckerscarsten.de/conlang/ayeri/xmp_babeltext.pdf)
(Bottom) “This exhibit is brought to you by the international conlanging community.”
Collaborative conlang projects are common on the Internet, but a venture like the exhibit you are currently viewing is unprecedented. The scale of the undertaking and the fact that it is designed for the general public (i.e., not only for other conlangers) is unique. The project was initiated by Don Boozer who wrote all the text for the exhibit (except where otherwise quoted). Any errors, factual, grammatical, or typographical, are his. Don was uniquely qualified to present this exhibit. He was a presenter at the 2007 Language Creation Conference; has published articles on conlanging in Library Journal, The Linguist (the official journal of the British Chartered Institute of Linguists), and VOYA (a journal highlighting library services to teens); and is currently working on several conlangs of his own including Dritok (an entirely voiceless language incorporating hisses, fricatives, clicks, and hand gestures for an imaginary species with no vocal cords).
One of the goals of the exhibit was “to put a face to the craft of conlanging,” and, towards this end, Don contacted a number of prominent language creators to request photos and biographical information. These conlanging celebrities graciously responded with enthusiasm and great humility and included Doug Ball (California), Carsten Becker (Germany), Måns Björkman (Sweden), Helge Fauskanger (Norway), Suzette Haden Elgin (Arkansas), Sai Emrys (California), Anthony Harris (Vermont), Sonja Elen Kisa (Canada), Marc Okrand (DC), David J. Peterson (CA), John Quijada (CA), Mark “The Zompist” Rosenfelder (Illinois), and Andrew Smith (New Zealand).
After writing the first draft of the text for the exhibit, Don posted a message on the CONLANG listserv asking for proofreading volunteers. A few hours later, a full complement of proofreaders from around the world had taken the challenge: Terrence Donnelly (Missouri), Dr. Dirk Elzinga (Utah), Sai Emrys (California), Arnt Richard Johansen (Norway), David McCann (London, England), Michael Poxon (Norfolk, England), Larry Sulky (Canada), and Steven Lytle (Ohio). Their critiques, suggestions, and error-finding added immeasurably to the exhibit. Don thanks them all...Aweras, Kutayang vās, Hannon le, Hantanye, Áala, Pona, qatlho', Hela, Dëkuy, Greid.
It is Don Boozer’s hope that this exhibit will inspire new conlangers and allow current ones to take even more pride in their creations. You may contact him at donaldboozer@yahoo.com.
Here are a few of the Japanese language books I have in my collection. I do not speak or read Japanese, but I love the books I have.
Maybe some of my Japanese speaking Flickr friends can offer translations to these titles.
Translated by Mohammed Abd-Elhay
View or download larger version --> www.flickr.com/photos/lilita/7481134770/sizes/in/photostr...
Original English version: www.flickr.com/photos/lilita/5652847156/
More illustrations: www.doggiedrawings.net/dogtraining
I've posted about these guys before...still great and I still adore them. They have a really poppy garage rock sound and a new album called Libraries coming out. Since they are from North Carolina and are also on Merge, it makes sense that they would be opening for Superchunk earlier on in the day.
Again, I adore this band. Please have a listen: www.myspace.com/thelovelanguage
**All photos are copyrighted. Please do not use without permission**
These students are learning sign language and lip reading at a very young age at St. Mary's School for the Deaf in Buffalo, New York. Sign language opens up the world of communication for people with and without hearing impairments.
A cheap Google Image hack for looking at the association of colors with terms, across different languages. More at uxblog.idvsolutions.com/2013/07/language-and-color.html
Following in Naomi's footsteps, I wanna start taking photos of T-shirts I find interesting. These will be my first attempts.
INSTALAÇÕES | INSTALLATIONS
Ali Miharbi - Movie Mirrors - Estados Unidos | United States
Anne Save de Beaurecueil + Franklin Lee / Equipe SUBdV (Victor Sardenberg, André Romitelli, Lucas de Sardi & Fabrício G. de Oliveira) - High Low - Brasil | Brazil
Annica Cuppetelli & Cristobal Mendoza - Nervous Structure - Estados Unidos | United States
Ben Jack - Elucidating Feedback - Nova Zelândia | New Zealand
Eric Siu - in collaboration with the member of Ishikawa Komuro Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Yoshihiro Watanabe, Ohno Hiroaki & Takeoka Hideki - Body Hack 1.0 - Japão | Japan
Hye Yeon Nam - Please Smile - Estados Unidos | United States
Joon Y. Moon - Augmented Shadow - Coréia do Sul | South Korea
Julian Palacz - algorithmic search for Love - Áustria | Austria
Juliana Mori - timeLandscape - wool rhythms - Brasil | Brazil
Karina Smigla-Bobinski - ADA - analoge interactive kinetic sculpture - Polônia e Alemanha | Poland and Germany
Kimchi & Chips - Link - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Kimchi & Chips - Journey: Seoul - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Lars Lundehave Hansen - Spiderbytes - Alemanha | Germany
Lawrence Malstaf - Nemo Observatorium 02002 - Bélgica | Belgium
Matt Roberts - Waves - Estados Unidos | United States
Ryoichi Kurokawa - rheo: 5 horizons - Bélgica | Belgium
Yujiro Kabutoya & Kazushi Mukaiyama - IJIROS - Japão | Japan
HIPERSÔNICA | HYPERSONICA PERFORMANCE
Alfredo Ciannameo - Ionesis - sonic plasma - Holanda | Netherlands
André Rangel, Anne-Kathrin Siegel & Fernando Alçada - SynDyn - Portugal | Portugal
Eduardo Nespoli, Projeto Aquarpa (Thiago Salas Gomes, Lucas Almeida, Flavio Jacon de Vasconcelos & Leandro Pereira Souza) - Mnemorfoses - Brasil | Brazil
Eduardo Patrício - Zin - Brasil | Brazil
Euphorie - França | France
Giuliano Obici - Concerto para Lanhouse - Brasil | Brazil
Nicolas Maigret - Pure Data read as pure data - França | France
HIPERSÔNICA | HYPERSONICA SCREENING
Alison Clifford & Graeme Truslove - Substratum - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Fernando Velázquez - auto-retrato - Brasil | Brazil
Fernando Velázquez - the mindscapes suite - Brasil | Brazil
Jaap: Harriet Payer & Jorge Esquivelzeta - Cyberspace Photsynthesis - México | Mexico
Jaap: Harriet Payer & Jorge Esquivelzeta - Dog's Eye View - México | Mexico
Paul O Donoghue aka Ocusonic - Phasing Waves - Irlanda | Ireland
Warsaw Electronic Festival 2010: Przemyslaw Moskal - Digital Sculptures for Analog Sounds - Estados Unidos | United States
HIPERSÔNICA PARTICIPANTES | HYPERSONICA PARTICIPANTS
Alvaro X - Dead in DUMP - Brasil | Brazil
Bernhard Loibner - Unidentified Musical Subject - Áustria | Austria
Claudio Parodi - The things that are missing - Itália | Italy
CLEBER GAZANA | SIMPLE.NORMAL - F. WILL I DREAM? - Brasil | Brazil
DANIEL GAZANA - NOSOCÔMIO - Brasil | Brazil
Joaquin Cofreces - Hamoni Lapude Anan ( "we used to make canoes" in yaghan language) - Argentina | Argentina
The Tiny Orchestra - Time Wounds All Heels - Canadá | Canada
Juan Pablo Amato - Duo Encaprichado en alisar rugosidades mentales - Argentina | Argentina
Mauro Ceolin - Spore's Ytubesoundscape and his wildlife - Itália | Italy
Panayiotis KOKORAS - Magic - Grécia | Greece
FaoBeat - Beat'nTime / Lift'nBeat - Brasil | Brazil
Philip Mantione - Fabrics - Estados Unidos | United States
Music For Installations - Braindamage - Bélgica | Belgium
RINALDO SANTOS - MUSICONTOS - Brasil | Brazil
Sergio Cajado - Constatações Urbanas - Passado, Presente e Futuro - Brasil | Brazil
Sergio Granada Moreno - Digital Rainbow (2009) - Colombia | Colombia
Sol Rezza - Preguntas - Questions - México | Mexico
MÍDIA ARTE | MEDIA ART
A. Bill Miller - gridSol-precomps - Estados Unidos | United States
A. Bill Miller - gridSol-altar1 - Estados Unidos | United States
Aaron Oldenburg - After - Estados Unidos | United States
Agam (A.) Andreas - La Resocialista Internacional - Holanda | Netherlands
alan bigelow - This Is Not A Poem - Estados Unidos | United States
Alcione Godoy, Camillo Louvise, Bruno Azzolini, Rafael Araujo, Rodolfo Rossi, Marina Maia & Vinicius Nakamura - Hipercepção - Brasil | Brazil
Alex Hetherington - Linda Fratianne - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Anders Weberg - P2P ART - The aesthetics of ephemerality - Suécia | Sweden
Anders Weberg - JE SUIS PÈRE ET MON PÈRE EST PÈRE I'm a Father and my Father is a Father - Suécia | Sweden
Anders Weberg - Expose Yourself - Suécia | Sweden
Anstey/Pape: Josephine Anstey & Dave Pape - Mrs. Squandertime - Estados Unidos | United States
Balam Soto - Self Portrait Videos - Estados Unidos | United States
Bárbara de Azevedo - VIDEO ESTADO SIMULACRO CINEMATOGRÁFICO - Brasil | Brazil
Ben Baker-Smith - Infinite Glitch - Estados Unidos | United States
Brit Bunkley - Pardox of Plenty - Nova Zelândia | New Zealand
Brit Bunkley - Up River Blues - Nova Zelândia | New Zealand
Brit Bunkley - Springfield Paradox - Nova Zelândia | New Zealand
Bruno Xavier, Fabiane Zambon, Felipe van Deursen, Frederico Di Giacomo & Kleyson Barbosa (Equipe principal) | Ana Freitas, Ana Prado, André Sirangelo, Alisson Lima, André Maciel, Alexandre Versignassi, Dalton Soares, Daniel Apolinario, Douglas Kawazu, Emiliano Urbim, Érica Georgino, Leandro Spett, Gil Beyruth, Gustavo Frota, Marina Motomura, Maurício Horta, Rafael Kenski, Renata Aguiar & Simone Yamamoto (Parceiros e colaboradores) - Newsgames da Superinteressante - Brasil | Brazil
charly.gr - peronismo (spam) - Argentina | Argentina
charly.gr - Joan - Argentina | Argentina
Chen, I-Chun - Measuring Distance Between the Self and Others - Taiwan | Taiwan
chiara passa - the virtual prigione - Itália | Italy
Christopher Otto - PXLPNT - Estados Unidos | United States
Cleber Gazana / Daniel Gazana - UNTITLED - Brasil | Brazil
Daniel Duda - Araucaria angustifolia - Brasil | Brazil
David Muth - 1 C A a 01x - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
David Sullivan - Fugitive Emissions - Estados Unidos | United States
Doron Golan - Waking Quad - Israel | Israel
Douglas de Paula - Interfaces Predatórias / Plundering Interfaces - Brasil | Brazil
Elétrico: Ludmila Pimentel, Carolina Frinhani & Bruna Spoladore - Experimento de Corpo - Brasil | Brazil
Grupo Vertigem: Juliana Rodrigues, Natalia Santana & Ygor Ferreira - Downtown 2.0 - Brasil | Brazil
Jarbas Agnelli - Birds on the Wires - Brasil | Brazil
Jason Nelson - Sydney's Sibera - Austrália | Australia
Jessica Barness - Common Sounds: Positive Elements, Negative Spaces - Estados Unidos | United States
Joana Moll & Heliodoro Santos - THE TEXAS BORDER - Espanha | Spain
jody zellen - Lines of Life - Estados Unidos | United States
Jorn Ebner - (L'ultimo turista) - Alemanha | Germany
jtwine - ONSPEED - Estados Unidos | United States
Kenji Kojima - RGB Music News - Estados Unidos | United States
kinema ikon: calin man - kinema ikon - Romênia | Romania
Leyla Rodriguez & Cristian Straub - Isle Of Lox "The face" - Alemanha | Germany
Luca Holland - rain.html - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Luis Henrique Rodrigues - Internet Series - Brasil | Brazil
Luiz Gustavo Ferreira Zanotello - N.A.V.E - Brasil | Brazil
MALYSSE - THE BIOPERVERSITY PROJECT #1 - Brasil | Brazil
Matt Frieburghaus - Song - Estados Unidos | United States
mchrbn - Afghan War Diary - Suíça | Switzerland
Members: Aymeric Mansoux, Dave Griffiths and Marloes de Valk - Naked on Pluto - Holanda | Netherlands
Michael Takeo Magruder - Data Flower (Prototype I) - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Nagasaki Archive Committee: Hidenori Watanave, Tomoyuki Torisu, Ryo Osera & others - Nagasaki Archive - Japão | Japan
Nanette Wylde - MettaVerse - Estados Unidos | United States
Nicholas Economos - Apophenia - Estados Unidos | United States
Nicholas Knouf - Journal of Journal Performance Studies (JJPS) - Estados Unidos | United States
Nurit Bar-Shai - FUJI spaces and other places - Estados Unidos | United States
Osvaldo cibils- everything breathes - Itália | Italy
Owen Eric Wood - Return - Canadá | Canada
Paolo Cirio - Drowning NYC - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Quayola - Strata Series - Bélgica | Belgium
rachelmauricio - [[o]] - Brasil | Brazil
rachelmauricio - 3Y - Brasil | Brazil
rachelmauricio - ldj8jbl - Brasil | Brazil
Rayelle Niemann & Erik Dettwiler - www.citysharing.ch - Suíça | Switzerland
Remco Roes - Everything in between - Bélgica | Belgium
rage - Impermanência Formal - Brasil | Brazil
Representa Corisco: Vj Eletroman - Representa Corisco - Espanha | Spain
Richard J O'Callaghan - 'thechildrenswar' - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Rodrigo Mello - Faces - Brasil | Brazil
Rosa Menkman - Collapse of PAL - Holanda | Netherlands
Santiago Ortiz - Impure - Espanha | Spain
seryozha kOtsun - Synesthesiograph - Rússia | Russia
Stuart Pound - Green Water Dragon - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Stuart Pound - Time Code - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
TAMURA YUICHIRO - NIGHTLESS - Japão | Japan
TOMMY PALLOTTA: Submarine Channel - Collapsus: The Energy Risk Conspiracy - Holanda | Netherlands
Vladimir Todorovic - The Snail on the Slope - Singapura | Singapore
Vladimir Todorovic - Silica-esc - Singapura | Singapore
MAQUINEMA | MACHINIMA
André Lopes aka spyvspy aeon - Clockwork - Brasil e Portugal | Brazil and Portugal
André Lopes aka spyvspy aeon & slimgirlfat - MooN - Brasil e Portugal | Brazil and Portugal
Bernard Capitaine aka Iono Allen - Fears - França | France
Bernard Capitaine aka Iono Allen - Fusion - França | France
BobE Schism - Love Is Sometimes Colder Than Ice - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
C.-D. Schulz aka Rohan Fermi - 9 - Alemanha | Germany
C.-D. Schulz aka Rohan Fermi - Order in chaos - Alemanha | Germany
Chat Noir Studios: Sherwin Liu & Kate Lee - Death in Venice - Estados Unidos | United States
Chat Noir Studios: Sherwin Liu & Kate Lee - Incubus - Estados Unidos | United States
David Griffiths aka nebogeo - Missile Command - Finlândia | Finland
Evan Meaney - The Well of Representation - Estados Unidos | United States
Gottfried Haider - Hidden in plain sight - Áustria | Austria
Harrison Heller aka Nefarious Guy & Amorphous Blob Productions - Clockwise: Part 1 - Estados Unidos | United States
Harrison Heller aka Nefarious Guy & Amorphous Blob Productions - Stop, Rewind - Estados Unidos | United States
Henry Gwiazda - history - Estados Unidos | United States
Henry Gwiazda - infectious - Estados Unidos | United States
Iain Friar aka IceAxe - Trichophagia - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Jun Falkenstein, Ben Covi, Brad Mitchell & Pete Terrill - The Lake - Estados Unidos | United States
Kerria Seabrooke & Paul Jannicola - Tiny Nation - Estados Unidos | United States
LES RICHES DOUANIERS: Gilles RICHARD & Fabrice ZOLL - The Lonely Migrant - França | France
Nonsense Studio: Drozhzhin, TimaGoofy, ultraviolet, ElGrandeBigB, Radiated & Takuhatsu - Johnny Cash - God's gonna cut you down - Finlândia | Finland
Pierre Gaudillere, Thomas Van Lissum, Oliver Delbos, Audrey Le Roy & Jonnathan Mutton - Unheimliche - França | France
Piotr Kopik - Psychosomatic rebuilders animation #002 - Polônia | Polland
Piotr Kopik - Psychosomatic rebuilders emoticons machinima - Polônia | Polland
Pooky Amsterdam, Draxtor Despres & Samuel's Dream - I'm Too Busy To Date Your Avatar! - Estados Unidos | United States
Saskia Boddeke aka Rose Borchovski - Lost in counting - Holanda | Netherlands
Saskia Boddeke aka Rose Borchovski - WHY IS THERE SOMETHING? Part 5: Greek Myth, The Battle of the Gods - Holanda | Netherlands
Saskia Boddeke aka Rose Borchovski - WHY IS THERE SOMETHING? Part 6: Israel Myth, The punishment - Holanda | Netherlands
Tom Jantol - Dear Fairy - Croácia | Croatia
Tom Jantol - Duel (Part) - Croácia | Croatia
Tom Jantol - The Remake - Croácia | Croatia
Tony Bannan aka ammopreviz - Selfish Gene - Austrália | Australia
Trace Sanderson aka Lainy Voom - Ctrl-Alt-Del - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Trace Sanderson aka Lainy Voom - Dagon - HP Lovecraft - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Tutsy Navarathna - My familiar dream - Índia | India
DOCUMENTA
Garry Shepherd – Global Shuffle - Austrália | Australia
Jim Haverkamp e Brett Ingram – Armor of God – Estados Unidos | United States
Khaled D. Ramadan – Psychic-Dentity - Dinamarca | Denmark
Lucius C. Kuert – Project 798, New Art In New China – China | China
Teilo Vallacott e J.A. Molinari – Altered_Egos – Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Vincenzo Lombardo – The VEP Project – Itália | Italy
Watch Mojo - A História do Daft Punk – Canadá | Canada
FILE ANIMA+
8-Bits Team: Valere Amirault, Jean Delaunay, Sarah Laufer & Benjamin Mattern - 8-Bits - França | France
Alan Becker - Animator Vs Animation - Estados Unidos | United States
Alessandro Novelli - The Alphabet - Itália | Italy
Alexander Gellner - 1 Minute Puberty - Alemanha | Germany
Andrew Huang - The Gloaming - Estados Unidos | United States
Ben Thomas & Leo Bridle - Train of Thought - Inglaterra | England
Birdo Studio: Luciana Eguti & Paulo Muppet - Bonequinha do Papai - Brasil | Brazil
Birdo Studio: Luciana Eguti & Paulo Muppet - Caixa - Brasil | Brazil
Birdo Studio: Luciana Eguti, Paulo Muppet & Allan Sieber - Animadores - Brasil | Brazil
Birdo Studio: Luciana Eguti, Paulo Muppet & Jimmy Leroy - Pequeno Cidadão - Brasil | Brazil
Brendan Angelides & Cyriak Harris - Eskmo - Estados Unidos | United States
Christopher Alender - Eye of The Storm - Estados Unidos | United States
Coala Filmes: Cesar Cabral - Dossiê Rê Bordosa - Brasil | Brazil
Dante Zaballa & Matias Vigliano - The Head - Argentina | Argentina
David O’Reilly - Please Say Something - Irlanda e Alemanha | Ireland and Germany
David O’Reilly - The External World - Irlanda e Alemanha | Ireland and Germany
David Wilson - Japanese Popstars “Let Go” - Inglaterra | England
Dominik Käser, Martin-Sebastian Senn, Mario Deuss, Niloy J. Mitra & Mark Pauly - Silhouettes of Jazz - Estados Unidos | United States
Esteban Diácono - Ólafur Arnalds - Ljósið - Argentina | Argentina
Fábio Yamagi & Denis Kamioka ‘Cisma’ - Photocopy Romance - Brasil | Brazil
Fernando Sanches - Xixi no Banho - Brasil | Brazil
Gabrielle Lissot, Pierre Lippens, Laurent Jaffier & Nicolas Deprez - Tous Des Monstres (All Monsters) - França | France
Guilherme Marcondes - Tyger - Brasil | Brazil
Guillermo Madoz - Head Honcho - Argentina | Argentina
Hi-Sim - Jump - Inglaterra | England
Home de Caramel - Alone Together - Espanha | Spain
Jasmin Lai - Brave - Estados Unidos e Tailândia | United States and Thailand
Jason Wishnow - Oedipus - Inglaterra | England
Jean-Paul Frenay - Artificial Paradise, Inc - Bélgica e França | Belgium and France
Joanna Lurie - Tree’s Migration - França | France
Joaquin Baldwin - Sebastian's Voodoo - Estados Unidos | United States
Joaquin Baldwin - The Windmill Farmer - Estados Unidos | United States
Ken Turner - TIM - Canadá | Canada
Lee Tao - Seedling - Canadá / Canada
Lemeh42 - Wool & Water - Itália / Italy
Leszek Plichta - Dreammaker - Polônia e Alemanha | Polland and Germany
Malcolm Sutherland - Bout - Canadá | Canada
Malcolm Sutherland - Umbra - Canadá | Canada
Marc Silver - There Are No Others - Inglaterra | England
Marlies van der wel - Protest Flatness - Holanda | Netherlands
Martin Piana - LUMI - Argentina | Argentina
Martin Woutisseth - Stanley Kubrick, a filmography - França | France
Matatoro Team: Mauro Carraro, Raphaël Calamote & Jérémy Pasquet - Matatoro - França | France
Matthias Hoegg - August - Inglaterra | England
Matthias Hoegg - Thrusday - Inglaterra | England
Max Hattler - SPIN - Inglaterra | England
Meindbender Animation Studio - The Pirate - Suécia | Sweden
Michael Paul Young - The Interpretation - Estados Unidos | United States
Michal Socha - Chick - Polônia | Polland
Michal Socha - Koncert - Polônia | Polland
Mr McFly - Baseball - França | France
MUSCLEBEAVER: Tobias Knipf & Andreas Kronbeck - How your money works - Alemanha | Germany
Napatsawan Chirayukool - What makes your day? - Tailândia e Inglaterra | Thailand and England
Pahnl - Nowhere near here - Inglaterra | England
Peppermelon TV - Advanced Beauty - Inglaterra e Estados Unidos | England and Unites States
Peppermelon TV - First - Inglaterra e Estados Unidos | England and Unites States
Peppermelon TV - Target - Friends with you - Inglaterra e Estados Unidos | England and Unites States
Robert Seidel - Vellum - Alemanha | Germany
Rogier van der Zwaag Nobody Beats The Drum - Grindin - Holanda | Netherlands
Ross Phillips - 5 Second Projects ( Ballons) - Inglaterra | England
Ross Phillips - 5 Second Projects ( Reverse) - Inglaterra | England
Sasha Belyaev - The Rite of Youth - Letônia | Latvia
Scott Pagano - Pororoca - Estados Unidos | United States
Scott Pagano - Trust In The 'M' Machine - Estados Unidos | United States
Serene Teh - Parkour - Cingapura | Singapore
Stephen Irwin - Black Dog's Progress - Inglaterra | England
Stephen Irwin - Horse Glue - Inglaterra | England
Sylvain Marc - Cocotte Minute - França | France
Sylvain Marc - Fertilizer Soup - França | France
Tanya Aydostian - L'autre - França | France
Taylor Price - Hunt - Canadá e Estados Unidos | Canada and United States
Treat Studios - E4 - Inglaterra | England
Veronika Obertová - Viliam - Eslováquia | Slovakia
Wesley Rodrigues - Pinga com Saquê - Brasil | Brazil
Zach Cohen - The Chair Not Taken - Itália | Italy
Andrew Ruhemann & Shaun Tan - The Lost Thing - Austrália / Australia
Animatório - Neomorphus - Brasil | Brazil
Bertrand Bey & Pierre Ducos - La Détente - França | France
Birdo Studio: Luciana Eguti, Paulo Muppet & Amir Admoni - Monkey Joy - Brasil | Brazil
Coala Filmes: Cesar Cabral - Tempestade - Brasil | Brazil
Fábio Yamaji - O Divino, de repente - Brasil | Brazil
Max Loubaresse, Marc Bouyer & Anthony Vivien - Salesman Pete - França | France
GAMES
Adam Saltsman & Danny Baranowsky - Canabalt - Estados Unidos | United States
Alex May & Rudolf Kremers - Eufloria - Reino Unido
| United Kingdom
Alexander Bruce - Hazard: The Journey of Life - Austrália | Australia
Binary Tweed - Clover: a Curious Tale - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Cats in the Sky - Cargo Delivery - Brasil | Brazil
Christoffer Hedborg - Toys - Suécia | Sweden
Colibri Games - The Tiny Bang Story - Rússia | Russia
Edmund McMillen & Tommy Refenes - Super Meat Boy - Estados Unidos | United States
ENJMIN - Paper Plane - França | France
Evan Blaster - Infinite Blank - Estados Unidos | United States
Frictional Games - Amnesia: The Dark Decent - Suécia | Sweden
Gaijin Games - BIT TRIP BEAT - Estados Unidos | United States
Kiaran Ritchie, Jasmine Ritchie & Francisco Furtado - Beep Game - Canadá | Canada
Mark Essen - "Nidhogg" - Estados Unidos | United States
Mediatronic - Monsters Probably Stole My Princess - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Nicklas Nygren - Saira - Suécia | Sweden
Paolo Pedercini / Molleindustria - "Every Day The Same Dream" - Estados Unidos e Itália | United States and Italy
Richard E Flanagan / Phosfiend Systems - FRACT - Canadá | Canada
Spaces of Play - Spirits - Alemanha | Germany
State of Play Games - Lume - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Tales of Tales - The Path - Bélgica | Belgium
FILE TABLET
Aircord: Toshiyuki Hashimoto, Masato Tsutsui & Koichiro Mori – REFLECTION – Japão | Japan
Alex Komarov & Sergey Rachok – ACCORDION – Estados Unidos e Rússia | United States and Russia
Cruz-Diez Foundation - CRUZ-DIEZ "INTERACTIVE CHROMATIC RANDOM EXPERIENCE" – Venezuela | Venezuela
Fingerlab: Antoine Lepoutre & Aurélien Potier – MULTIPONG – França | France
Jason Waters – SPIROGROW – Estados Unidos | United States
Jay Silver & Eric Rosenbaum - SINGING FINGERS – Estados Unidos | United States
Nate Murray & TJ Fuller - IPAD GAME FOR CATS - Estados Unidos | United States
Pavel Doichev - ART IN MOTION – Estados Unidos | United States
Pavel Doichev - LINE ART – Estados Unidos | United StatesPavel Doichev – TESLA – Estados Unidos | United States
Rob Fielding – MUGICIAN – Estados Unidos | United States
RunSwimFly - Richard Harrison – GLOOP - Austrália | Australia
Scott Snibbe – ANTOGRAPH (ou MYRMEGRAPH) – Estados Unidos | United States
Scott Snibbe – BUBBLE HARP – Estados Unidos | United States
Scott Snibbe – GRAVILUX – Estados Unidos | United States
Scott Snibbe – OSCILLOSCOOP – Estados Unidos | United States
Scott Snibbe – TRIPOLAR – Estados Unidos | United States
Smule - MAGIC FIDDLE – Estados Unidos | United States
Spaces of Play: Mattias Ljungstrom, Marek Plichta, Andreas Zecher & Martin Strak – SPIRITS – Alemanha | Germany
Ted Davis - TEXT2IMAGE – Estados Unidos | United States
Typotheque / Resolume - DANCE WRITER – Estados Unidos | United States
WORKSHOP
Workshop Fiesp - AA School: Franklin Lee, Robert Stuart Smith (Kokkugia), Anne Save de Beaurecueil (SUBdV), Sandro Tubertini (Environmental Engineering Agency, BDSP), Thiago Mundim, Ernesto Bueno, Arthur Mamou-Mani, Arya Safavi, Yoojin Kim & Victor Sardenberg
Parametric Architecture - Reino Unido | United Kingdom
Lucerne (/ljuːˈsɜːrn/; German: Luzern [luˈtsɛrn] (About this soundlisten); French: Lucerne [lysɛʁn]; Italian: Lucerna [luˈtʃɛrna]; Romansh: Lucerna; Lucerne German: Lozärn) is a city in central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of the country. Lucerne is the capital of the canton of Lucerne and part of the district of the same name. With a population of about 81,057 people (as of 2013),[3] Lucerne is the most populous town in Central Switzerland, and a nexus of economics, transportation, culture, and media of this region. The city's urban area consists of 17 municipalities and towns located in three different cantons with an overall population of about 250,000 people (as of 2007).[4]
Owing to its location on the shores of Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldstättersee) and its outflow, the river Reuss, within sight of the mounts Pilatus and Rigi in the Swiss Alps, Lucerne has long been a destination for tourists. One of the city's famous landmarks is the Chapel Bridge (German: Kapellbrücke), a wooden bridge first erected in the 14th century.
The official language of Lucerne is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Contents
1History
1.1Early history and founding (750–1386)
1.2From city to city-state (1386–1520)
1.3Swiss-Catholic town (1520–1798)
1.4Century of revolutions (1798–1914)
1.521st century
2Geography and climate
2.1Topography
2.2Climate
3Politics
3.1Government
3.2Parliament
3.3National elections
3.3.1National Council
3.4International relations
3.4.1Twin towns
4Demography
4.1Population
4.2Historic population
4.3Religion
5Economy
6Sights
7Culture and events
7.1Culture
7.2Events
8Transport
9Sport
10Gallery
11Notable people
12See also
13References
14Further reading
15External links
History[edit]
Early history and founding (750–1386)[edit]
After the fall of the Roman Empire beginning in the 6th century, Germanic Alemannic peoples increased their influence on this area of present-day Switzerland.
Around 750 the Benedictine Monastery of St. Leodegar was founded, which was later acquired by Murbach Abbey in Alsace in the middle of the 9th century, and by this time the area had become known as Luciaria.[5]
The origin of the name is uncertain, it is possibly derived from the Latin name of the pike, lucius, thus designating a pike fishing spot in the river Reuss. Derivation from the theonym Lugus has been suggested but is phonetically implausible. In any case, the name was associated by popular etymology with Latin lucerna "lantern" from an early time.[6]
In 1178 Lucerne acquired its independence from the jurisdiction of Murbach Abbey, and the founding of the city proper probably occurred that same year. The city gained importance as a strategically located gateway for the growing commerce from the Gotthard trade route.
By 1290 Lucerne had become a self-sufficient city of reasonable size with about 3000 inhabitants. About this time King Rudolph I von Habsburg gained authority over the Monastery of St. Leodegar and its lands, including Lucerne. The populace was not content with the increasing Habsburg influence, and Lucerne allied with neighboring towns to seek independence from their rule. Along with Lucerne, the three other forest cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden formed the "eternal" Swiss Confederacy, known as the Eidgenossenschaft, on November 7, 1332.
Later the cities of Zürich, Zug and Bern joined the alliance. With the help of these additions, the rule of Austria over the area came to an end. The issue was settled by Lucerne’s victory over the Habsburgs in the Battle of Sempach in 1386. For Lucerne this victory ignited an era of expansion. The city shortly granted many rights to itself, rights which had been withheld by the Habsburgs until then. By this time the borders of Lucerne were approximately those of today.
From city to city-state (1386–1520)[edit]
In 1415 Lucerne gained Reichsfreiheit from Emperor Sigismund and became a strong member of the Swiss confederacy. The city developed its infrastructure, raised taxes, and appointed its own local officials. The city’s population of 3000 dropped about 40% due to the Black Plague and several wars around 1350.
In 1419 town records show the first witch trial against a male person.
Swiss-Catholic town (1520–1798)[edit]
Lucerne in 1642
Among the growing towns of the confederacy, Lucerne was especially popular in attracting new residents. Remaining predominantly Catholic, Lucerne hosted its own annual passion play from 1453 to 1616. It was a two-day-long play of 12 hours performance per day.[7] As the confederacy broke up during the Reformation, after 1520, most nearby cities became Protestant, but Lucerne remained Catholic. After the victory of the Catholics over the Protestants in the Battle at Kappel in 1531, the Catholic towns dominated the confederacy. The region, though, was destined to be dominated by Protestant cities such as Zürich, Bern and Basel, which defeated the Catholic forces in the 1712 Toggenburg War. The former prominent position of Lucerne in the confederacy was lost forever. In the 16th and 17th centuries, wars and epidemics became steadily less frequent and as a result the population of the country increased strongly.
Lucerne was besieged by a peasant army and quickly signed a peace treaty with the rebels in the Swiss peasant war of 1653.
Century of revolutions (1798–1914)[edit]
Conflict at Lucerne, Illustrated London News, 1845
In 1798, nine years after the beginning of the French Revolution, the French army marched into Switzerland. The old confederacy collapsed and the government became democratic. The industrial revolution hit Lucerne rather late, and by 1860 only 1.7% of the population worked in industry, which was about a quarter of the national average at that time. Agriculture, which employed about 40% of the workers, was the main form of economic output in the canton. Nevertheless, industry was attracted to the city from areas around Lucerne. From 1850 to 1913, the population quadrupled and the flow of settlers increased. In 1856 trains first linked the city to Olten and Basel, then Zug and Zürich in 1864 and finally to the south in 1897.
21st century[edit]
On June 17, 2007, voters of the city of Lucerne and the adjacent town of Littau agreed to a merger in a simultaneous referendum. This took effect on January 1, 2010.[8] The new city, still called Lucerne, has a population of around 80,000 people, making it the seventh-largest city in Switzerland. The results of this referendum are expected to pave the way for negotiations with other nearby cities and towns in an effort to create a unified city-region, based on the results of a study.[9]
Geography and climate[edit]
Topography[edit]
Lucerne is located at the outfall of Lake Lucerne into the river Reuss, which flows from south-east to north-west. The city occupies both banks of the river and the lowest reach of the lake, with the city centre straddling the river immediately downstream of the outfall. The city's suburbs climb the hills to the north-east and south-west, and stretch out along the river and lake banks, whilst the recently added area of Littau is to the north-west.[10]
Besides this contiguous city area, the municipality also includes an exclave on the south shore of Lake Lucerne some 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away, comprising the northern slopes of the Bürgenstock. This section of the municipality is entirely surrounded by the lake and by land of the canton of Nidwalden. It does not contain any significant settlements, but the summit of the Bürgenstock is the highest point of the municipality.[10]
The municipality has an area of 29.1 square kilometers (11.2 sq mi). Of this area and as of 2009, 28.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 22.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 47.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (2.1%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[11]
Climate[edit]
Between 1961 and 1990 Lucerne had an average of 138.1 days of rain per year and on average received 1,171 mm (46.1 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was June during which time Lucerne received an average of 153 mm (6.0 in) of rainfall. During this month there was rainfall for an average of 14.2 days. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 61 mm (2.4 in) of precipitation over 10.2 days.[12] Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).[13]
hideClimate data for Lucerne
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Average high °C (°F)3.4
(38.1)5.2
(41.4)10.3
(50.5)14.4
(57.9)19.1
(66.4)22.2
(72)24.7
(76.5)23.8
(74.8)19.4
(66.9)14.3
(57.7)7.8
(46)4.3
(39.7)14.1
(57.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)0.5
(32.9)1.4
(34.5)5.4
(41.7)9.1
(48.4)13.7
(56.7)16.9
(62.4)19.1
(66.4)18.3
(64.9)14.6
(58.3)10.2
(50.4)4.6
(40.3)1.6
(34.9)9.6
(49.3)
Average low °C (°F)−2.3
(27.9)−2.0
(28.4)1.1
(34)4.3
(39.7)8.9
(48)12.1
(53.8)14.2
(57.6)13.9
(57)10.6
(51.1)6.7
(44.1)1.6
(34.9)−1.0
(30.2)5.7
(42.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)51
(2.01)54
(2.13)74
(2.91)88
(3.46)128
(5.04)154
(6.06)151
(5.94)146
(5.75)107
(4.21)76
(2.99)73
(2.87)72
(2.83)1,173
(46.18)
Average snowfall cm (inches)16.0
(6.3)20.2
(7.95)8.3
(3.27)1.2
(0.47)0.0
(0)0.0
(0)0.0
(0)0.0
(0)0.0
(0)0.4
(0.16)5.3
(2.09)14.6
(5.75)66.0
(25.98)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)9.38.711.811.812.913.512.512.510.29.49.610.0132.2
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm)3.84.41.90.60.00.00.00.00.00.12.47.937.9
Average relative humidity (%)83797370727272758083848477
Mean monthly sunshine hours47721221411611712011871379752361,423
Percent possible sunshine21283636373845453932221735
Source: MeteoSwiss[14]
Politics[edit]
Government[edit]
The City Council (Stadtrat) constitutes the executive government of the city of Lucerne and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (German: Stadtrat/-rätin), each presiding over a directorate (Direktion) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (Stadtpräsident). In the mandate period (Legislatur) September 2016 – August 2020 the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Beat Züsli. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Grand City Council are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Lucerne allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate.[15]
As of September 2016, Luzern's City Council is made up of one representative of the SP (Social Democratic Party, who is also the mayor), and one each of CVP (Christian Democratic Party), GPS (Green Party), FDP (FDP.The Liberals), and glp (Green Liberal Party). The last regular election was held on 1 May/5 June 2016.[15]
The City Council (Stadtrat) of Luzern[15]
City Councilor
(Stadtrat/-rätin)PartyHead of Directorate (Direktion, since) ofelected since
Beat Züsli[SR 1] SPMayor's Office and City's Chancellary (Präsidialdirektion und Stadtkanzlei, 2016)2016
Franziska Bitzi Staub CVPFinances (Finanzdirektion, 2016)November 2016
Adrian Borgula GPSEnvironment, Transport, and Security (Direktion Umwelt, Verkehr und Sicherheit, 2012)2012
Manuela Jost glpBuilding and Civil Engineering (Baudirektion, 2012)2012
Martin Merki FDPSocial Services (Sozialdirektion, 2012)2012
^ Mayor (Stadtpräsident)
Toni Göpfert (FDP) is Town Chronicler (Stadtschreiber) since 1990.
Parliament[edit]
The Grosse Stadtrat of Luzern for the mandate period of 2016-2020
JUSO (2.1%)
jg (2.1%)
SP (27.1%)
GPS (12.5%)
glp (8.3%)
CVP (14.6%)
FDP (18.8%)
SVP (16.7%)
The Grand City Council (Grosser Stadtrat) holds legislative power. It is made up of 48 members, with elections held every four years. The Grand City Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of proportional representation.
The sessions of the Grand City Council are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the Grand City Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Luzern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Grand City Council. The parliament holds its meetings in the Rathaus (Town Hall) am Kornmarkt.[16]
The last regular election of the Grand City Council was held on 1 May 2016 for the mandate period (German: Legislatur) from September 2016 to August 2020. Currently the Grand City Council consist of 13 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS) and one of its junior section, the JUSO, 9 The Liberals (FDP/PLR), 7 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), 7 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), 6 Green Party (GPS/PES) and one of its junior section, the jg of Luzern, and 4 Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL).[16]
National elections[edit]
National Council[edit]
In the 2015 election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the SPS which received 25.8% of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the SVP (19.5%), the FDP (15.4%), the CVP (14.1%), the GPS (13.3%), and the GLP (8.9%). In the federal election, a total of 26,521 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 49.48%.[17]
International relations[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland
Twin towns[edit]
Lucerne is twinned with the following towns:[18]
United Kingdom Bournemouth, United Kingdom (1981)[18][19]
United States Chicago, Illinois, United States (1999)[18]
Poland Cieszyn, Poland (1994)[18]
France Guebwiller / Murbach, France (1978)[18]
Czech Republic Olomouc, Czech Republic (1994)[18]
Germany Potsdam, Germany (2002)[18][20]
Demography[edit]
Population[edit]
Largest groups of foreign residents 2013[21]
NationalityNumbers% of total
(% of foreigners)
Germany4,1675.2 (20.7)
Italy2,2792.8 (11.3)
Portugal1,7652.2 (8.8)
Serbia1,4301.8 (7.1)
Kosovo7941.0 (3.9)
Spain7600.9 (3.8)
Sri Lanka7340.9 (3.6)
Bosnia and Herzegovina5430.7 (2.7)
Croatia5380.7 (2.7)
Republic of Macedonia4570.7 (2.6)
Lucerne has a population (as of 31 December 2017) of 81,401.[2] As of 2013, 19,264 or 25.0% of the population was made up of foreign nationals, of which 19.9% are from Europe, 2.8% from Asia, 1.2% from Africa and 1.0% from America.[21] Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 1.2%. Most of the population (as of 2010) speak German (87%), with Italian, as well as Serbo-Croatian and English with 5% being second most common languages, followed by French and Albanian with 3%, and Portuguese and Spanish with 2% each.[22]
The age distribution in Lucerne is (as of 2013); 12,916 people or 15.7% of the population is 0–19 years old. 26,381 people or 33.8% are 20–39 years old, and 25,863 people or 32.1% are 40–64 years old. The senior population distribution is 10,530 people or 13.1% are 65–79 years old, 4,208 or 5.2% are 80–89 years old and 900 people or 1.1% of the population are 90+ years old.[23]
In Lucerne about 73.6% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).
As of 2000 there are 30,586 households, of which 15,452 households (or about 50.5%) contain only a single individual. 853 or about 2.8% are large households, with at least five members.[24] As of 2000 there were 5,707 inhabited buildings in the municipality, of which 4,050 were built only as housing, and 1,657 were mixed use buildings. There were 1,152 single family homes, 348 double family homes, and 2,550 multi-family homes in the municipality. Most homes were either two (787) or three (1,468) story structures. There were only 74 single story buildings and 1,721 four or more story buildings.[24]
Historic population[edit]
The historical population of Lucerne is given in the following table:
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
186013,166—
187016,450+2.25%
188020,419+2.18%
188823,607+1.83%
190032,954+2.82%
YearPop.±% p.a.
191043,611+2.84%
192048,394+1.05%
193047,066−0.28%
194159,847+2.21%
195066,170+1.12%
YearPop.±% p.a.
196076,148+1.41%
197083,374+0.91%
198078,274−0.63%
199076,466−0.23%
200075,425−0.14%
YearPop.±% p.a.
201077,491+0.27%
201681,592+0.86%
Source: City of Lucerne - Population by Nationality and Sex since 1860
Religion[edit]
The city grew up around Sankt Leodegar Abbey, founded in AD 840, and remained strongly Roman Catholic into the 21st century. By 1850, 96.9% of the population was Catholic, in 1900 it was 81.9% and in 1950 it was still 72.3%. In the 2000 census the religious membership of Lucerne was: 35,682 (60%) Roman Catholic, 9,227 (15.5%) Protestant, with an additional 1,979 (3.33%) who were of some other Christian denominations; 1,824 individuals (3.07% of the population) Muslim; 196 individuals (0.33% of the population) Jewish. Of the remainder, 1,073 (1.8%) individuals were another religion; 6,310 (10.61%) stated they do not belong to any organized religion; and 3,205 (5.39%) did not answer the question.[24]
Economy[edit]
As of 2012, there were a total of 77,641 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 166 people worked in 53 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 7,326 workers in 666 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 70,149 jobs in 6,929 businesses. In 2013 a total of 11.0% of the population received social assistance.[25] As of 2000 51.7% of the population of the municipality were employed in some capacity. At the same time, women made up 47.9% of the workforce.[24]
Lucerne is home to a number of major Swiss companies, including Schindler Group, Chronoswiss, Emmi, EF Education First and the Luzerner Kantonalbank. Suva, one of Switzerland's oldest accident insurance companies, is also based in Lucerne, as is the University of Lucerne, the youngest of Switzerland's traditional universitites.
Thanks to its continuous tax-cutting policies, Lucerne has become Switzerland's most business-friendly canton. As of 2012 Lucerne offers Switzerland's lowest corporate tax rate at cantonal level.[26]
Furthermore, Lucerne also offers very moderate personal income tax rates. In a recent published study of BAK Basel Economics taxation index 2012, Lucerne made it to the 4th place with an only marginally 2% higher tax rate compared to the top canton in this comparison.[27]
Since November 2009, Zurich Airport can be reached from Lucerne within 1 hour and 2 minutes[28] by a direct (every hour) train connection every half an hour with a stop just below the airport, and within 40 minutes by car due to a direct motorway from Lucerne to the Airport, but only if you travel outside of rush hours.
Sights[edit]
Since the city straddles the Reuss where it drains the lake, it has a number of bridges. The most famous is the Chapel Bridge (Kapellbrücke), a 204 m (669 ft) long wooden covered bridge originally built in 1333, the oldest covered bridge in Europe, although much of it had to be replaced after a fire on 18 August 1993, allegedly caused by a discarded cigarette. Part way across, the bridge runs by the octagonal Water Tower (Wasserturm), a fortification from the 13th century. Inside the bridge are a series of paintings from the 17th century depicting events from Lucerne's history. The Bridge with its Tower is the city's most famous landmark.
Lucerne city, lake and mountains view from the tower
Downriver, between the Kasernenplatz and the Mühlenplatz, the Spreuer Bridge (Spreuerbrücke or Mühlenbrücke, Mill Bridge) zigzags across the Reuss. Constructed in 1408, it features a series of medieval-style 17th century plague paintings by Kaspar Meglinger (de) titled Dance of Death (Totentanzzyklus). The bridge has a small chapel in the middle that was added in 1568.
Old Town Lucerne is mainly located just north of the Reuss, and still has several fine half-timber structures with painted fronts. Remnants of the old town walls exist on the hill above Lucerne, complete with eight tall watch towers. An additional gated tower sits at the base of the hill on the banks of the Reuss.
The twin needle towers of the Church of St. Leodegar, which was named after the city's patron saint, sit on a small hill just above the lake front. Originally built in 735, the present structure was erected in 1633 in the late Renaissance style. However, the towers are surviving remnants of an earlier structure. The interior is richly decorated. The church is popularly called the Hofkirche (in German) and is known locally as the Hofchile (in Swiss-German).
Bertel Thorvaldsen's famous carving of a dying lion (the Lion Monument, or Löwendenkmal) is found in a small park just off the Löwenplatz. The carving commemorates the hundreds of Swiss Guards of who were massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution, when an armed mob stormed the Tuileries Palace in Paris.
The Swiss Museum of Transport is a large and comprehensive museum exhibiting all forms of transport, including locomotives, automobiles, ships, and aircraft. It is to be found beside the lake in the northern-eastern section of the city.
The Culture and Convention Center (KKL) beside the lake in the center of the city was designed by Jean Nouvel. The center has one of the world's leading concert halls, with acoustics by Russell Johnson.
Culture and events[edit]
Culture[edit]
The Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre at night
Since plans for the new culture and convention centre arose in the late 1980s, Lucerne has found a balance between the so-called established culture and alternative culture. A consensus was reached that culminated in a culture compromise (Kulturkompromiss). The established culture comprises the Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre (KKL), the city theater (Luzerner Theater) and, in a broader sense, smaller establishments such as the Kleintheater, founded by comedian Emil Steinberger, a Lucerne native, or Stadtkeller, a music restaurant in the city's old town. KKL houses a concert hall as well as the Museum of Art Lucerne (Kunstmuseum Luzern).
Alternative culture took place mostly on the premises of a former tube factory, which became known as Boa. Other localities for alternative culture have since emerged in the same inner city area as Boa. Initially, Boa staged various plays, but concerts became more and more common; this new use of the building clashed with the development of apartment buildings on nearby lots of land. Due to possible noise pollution, Boa was closed and a replacement in a less heavily inhabited area is currently under construction. Critics claimed though that the new establishment would not meet the requirements for an alternative culture.
Südpol is a center for performing arts in Lucerne presenting music-, dance- and theatre-events. The house at the foot of Pilatus is opened since November 2008.
Lucerne is home to the Luzerner Sinfonieorchester, a category A symphonic orchestra, and to the 21st Century Symphony Orchestra, and they both hold most of their performances in the Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre.
Lucerne is also home to Keramikkonzerte (keramikkonzerte.com/), a series of classical chamber music concerts held throughout each year.
Events[edit]
Every year, towards the end of winter, Fasnacht (Carnival) breaks out in the streets, alleyways and squares of the old town. This is a glittering outdoor party, where chaos and merriness reign and nothing is as it normally is. Strange characters in fantastic masks and costumes make their way through the alleyways, while Guggenmusiken (carnival bands) blow their instruments in joyful cacophony and thousands of bizarrely clad people sing and dance away the winter. The Lucerner Fasnacht, based on religious, Catholic backgrounds, starts every year on the Thursday before Aschermittwoch (Ash Wednesday) with a big bang at 5am called Morgenwacht (Morning Watch). There are big parades in the afternoon on Schmotzige Donnerstag (literally: Lardy Thursday)[29] and the following Monday, called Güdismontag (literally: Paunch Monday), which attract tens of thousands of people. Lucerne's Carnival ends with a crowning finish on Güdisdienstag (literally: Paunch Tuesday) evening with the Monstercorso, a tremendous parade of Guggenmusiken, lights and lanterns with even a larger audience. Rather recently a fourth Fasnacht day has been introduced on the Saturday between the others Fasnacht days, the Rüüdige Samstag while mainly several indoor balls take place. From dusk till dawn on the evenings of Schmotzige Donnerstag, Güdismontag, and after the Monstercorso many bands wander through the historical part of the city playing typical Fasnacht tunes. Until midnight, the historical part of the city usually is packed with people participating. A large part of the audience are also dressed up in costumes, even a majority in the evenings.
Lucerne Fasnacht
The city hosts various renowned festivals throughout the year. The Lucerne Festival for classical music takes place in the summer. Its orchestra, the Lucerne Festival Orchestra, is hand-picked from some of the finest instrumentalists in the world. In June yearly the pop music festival B-Sides takes place in Lucerne. It focuses on international acts in alternative music, indie rock, experimental rock and other cutting edge and left field artistic musical genres. In July, the Blue Balls Festival brings jazz, blues and punk music to the lake promenade and halls of the Culture and Convention Center. The Lucerne Blues Festival is another musical festival which usually takes place in November. Since spring 2004, Lucerne has hosted the Festival Rose d'Or for television entertainment. And in April, the well-established comics festival Fumetto attracts an international audience.
Being the cultural center of a rather rural region, Lucerne regularly holds different folklore festivals, such as Lucerne Cheese Festival, held annually. In 2004, Lucerne was the focus of Swiss Wrestling fans when it had hosted the Swiss Wrestling and Alpine festival (Eidgenössisches Schwing- und Älplerfest), which takes place every three years in a different location. A national music festival (Eidgenössiches Musikfest) attracted marching bands from all parts of Switzerland in 2006. In summer 2008, the jodelling festival (Eidgenössisches Jodlerfest) is expected to have similar impact.
The 2021 Winter Universiade will be hosted by Lucerne.
Transport[edit]
Lucerne railway station
Lucerne boasts a developed and well-run transport network, with the main operator, Verkehrsbetriebe Luzern (VBL), running both the trolleybuses in Lucerne and a motor buses network in the city and to neighboring municipalities. Other operators, such as PostAuto Schweiz and Auto AG Rothenburg, provide bus services to other towns and villages.
Lucerne railway station is one of Switzerland's principal railway stations situated in the middle of the town and just next to the lake, and enjoys excellent connection to the rest of Switzerland via railway services operated by Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS) and the Zentralbahn (zb). Two other stations are located within the city boundaries, with Lucerne Allmend/Messe railway station close to the Swissporarena in the south of the city, and the Lucerne Verkehrshaus railway station adjacent to the Swiss Museum of Transport in the east.
Lucerne's city transit system is fully integrated into the coherent and integrated fare network system called passepartout encompassing all kind of public transport in the cantons of Lucerne, Obwalden, and Nidwalden.
Sport[edit]
The Swissporarena is home to FC Lucerne of the Swiss Super League
There are several football clubs throughout the city. The most successful one is FC Luzern which plays in Switzerland's premier league (Swiss Super League). The club plays its home matches at the new Swissporarena, with a capacity of 16,800.
The city's main hockey team is the HC Luzern which plays in the Swiss Second League, the fourth tier of Swiss hockey. They play their home games in the 5,000-seat Swiss Life Arena.
In the past, Lucerne also produced national successes in men's handball and women's volleyball and softball.
Having a long tradition of equestrian sports, Lucerne has co-hosted CSIO Switzerland, an international equestrian show jumping event, until it left entirely for St. Gallen in 2006. Since then, the Lucerne Equestrian Masters replaced it. There is also an annual horse racing event, usually taking place in August.
Lucerne annually hosts the final leg of the Rowing World Cup on Rotsee Lake, and has hosted numerous World Rowing Championships, among others the first ever in 1962. Lucerne was also bidding for the 2011 issue but failed.
Lucerne hosts the annual Spitzen Leichtathletik Luzern Track and field meeting, which attracts world class athletes such as Yohan Blake and Valerie Adams.
The city also provides facilities for ice-hockey, figure-skating, golf, swimming, basketball, rugby, skateboarding, climbing and more.
Lucerne hosted FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour event Lucerne Open 2015 and FIVB Beach Volleyball U21 World Championship in 2016.
Umberto Eco - Kant and the Platypus
Essays on Language and Cognition
Vintage Books, 2000
Cover: Drawing of Kant by Hans V.F. Schnorr von Carolsfeld
Platypus by Ferdinand Bauer © The Natural History Museum, London
"Essays on Language and Cognition"
"still can see your brown skin, shining, shining.."
I am fully clothed in this picture,
Im sure that question would be coming.
I strongly believe that the human body is a piece of art, a masterpiece.
I was listening to the acoustic version of the song 'Still' by Matt Nathanson,
I feel like this picture depicts the mood the song sets.
I simply set my camera on the window sill on a ten second self timer.
Arabic (العربية al-ʻarabīyah or عربي/عربى ʻarabī ) ( [al ʕarabijja] (help·info) or ( [ʕarabi] (help·info)) is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD. This includes both the literary language and the spoken Arabic varieties.
The literary language is called Modern Standard Arabic or Literary Arabic. It is currently the only official form of Arabic, used in most written documents as well as in formal spoken occasions, such as lectures and news broadcasts. In 1912, Moroccan Arabic was official in Morocco for some time, before Morocco joined the Arab League.
Language... has created the word "loneliness" to express the pain of being alone. And it has created the word "solitude" to express the glory of being alone.
Music is the soul of Mizo life ; in every household you will find a guitar. Here you can see the leading Mizo singers paying tribute to legendary Mizo singer Ruati Hlate. It was a power packed program by a group of Stars who are very young. They enthralled, mesmerized and fascinated the selected audience present at the venue and kept the Aizawl town glued to the TV screen for that evening.
Do I understand Mizo language ? The answer is a big NO, not even a single word. This is a Tibet - o- Burmese language and got no connection with any Indo-Aryan dialect. Still, I laughed, I cried, I danced , I gave my heart to Mizoram ; arts and beauty speaks in one language that’s called “Emotion” , that is the universal language of mankind. And that day what was spoken in that language Monsoon ? Well, the rest is a story we hold too dear to share !
.
Kindly View On Black
PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, Calif. – More than 3,000 students from across California visited the Presidio of Monterey on May 13 for DLIFLC’s Language Day. Students, educators and other participants were treated to stage performances, classroom displays and ethnic cuisine, highlighting the cultures of the many foreign languages taught here.
Official Presidio of Monterey Web site
Official Presidio of Monterey Facebook
PHOTO by Steven L. Shepard, Presidio of Monterey Public Affairs.
PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, Calif. -- The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center held its version of Language Day at venues throughout the Presidio May 9, 2014. Thousands of visitors attended the free event aimed primarily at students in grades K-12. School groups attended from across the state. Language Day features cultural displays and activities, classroom presentations, ethnic foods served by local multinational vendors, and a wide variety of entertainment. Throughout the day, visitors were entertained by a colorful program that included Korean dancers, a leaping 60-foot Chinese paper dragon, Hindi and Afghani musicians playing traditional instruments, European choral ensembles and troubadours, Hebrew recitations, Persian folk singers, and a variety of other performers and cultural entertainments. All 24 languages taught at the DLIFLC were featured in special presentations during the day. To read the full story visit www.army.mil/article/125750/
Official Presidio of Monterey Web site
Official Presidio of Monterey Facebook
“If I can stop one heart from breaking”
If I can stop one heart from breaking,
I shall not live in vain;
If I can ease one life the aching,
Or cool one pain,
Or help one fainting robin
Unto his nest again,
I shall not live in vain.
Emily Dickinson
『ひとつの心がこわれるのを』
ひとつの心がこわれるのを止められるなら
わたしが生きることは無駄ではない
ひとつのいのちのうずきを軽くできるなら
ひとつの痛みを鎮められるなら
弱っている一羽の駒鳥を
もういちど巣に戻してやれるなら
わたしが生きることは無駄ではない
エミリ・ディキンソン
Photo by Hiro Chang, Presidio of Monterey Public Affairs
The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center opened its doors to the public on May 15 for its annual Language Day event.
The event showcased the cultures of the different departmental languages being taught here through dance, skits and fashion shows.
Exhibits were also presented throughout the school grounds with local Monterey ethnic vendors selling their local cuisines to the customers.
Nearly 2,000 high school students and teachers attended Language Day.
Photo by Hiro Chang, Presidio of Monterey Public Affairs
The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center opened its doors to the public on May 15 for its annual Language Day event.
The event showcased the cultures of the different departmental languages being taught here through dance, skits and fashion shows.
Exhibits were also presented throughout the school grounds with local Monterey ethnic vendors selling their local cuisines to the customers.
Nearly 2,000 high school students and teachers attended Language Day.
Some musicians seem to stay perfectly still as they play. Others express the music with their body movements.
(Top) The Lord of the Rings
Peter Jackson's Landmark Film Adaptation
New Zealand director Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy released between 2001 and 2003 will most likely remain the definitive film adaptation of Tolkien’s work in most people’s minds for years to come. His meticulous attention to detail, his inclusion of authentic dialogue in Tolkien's imaginary languages, and his obvious love of the source material all combine to make the three films unforgettable. Nominated for a total of thirty Academy Awards and winning seventeen of them, the film trilogy was a success with both the popular and critical audiences. Recent news has been released that Peter Jackson will be producing a film version of Tolkien's The Hobbit as well as one other Tolkien-related film. The fans eagerly await them...
(Middle) Published originally in 1969, Bored of the Rings was a parody from the Harvard Lampoon of Tolkien’s work, although one which showed a keen knowledge of its subject matter. Tolkien’s languages were even given the Lampoon treatment. As an example, here is the Bored of the Rings version of “Namárie” or "Galadriel's Lament" found in The Fellowship of the Ring:
"Dago, Dago, Lassi Lima rintintin
Yanqui unicycle ramar rotoroot
Telstar aloha saarinen cloret
Stassen camaro impala desoto?
Gardol oleo telephon lumumbal
Chappaqua havatampa muriel
U canleada horsta wata, bwana,
Butyu canna makit drinque!
Comsat melba rubaiyat nirvana
Garcia y vega hiawatha aloo.
O mithra, mithra, I fain wud lie doon!
Valdaree valdera, que sera, sirrah,
Honi soit la vache qui rit.
Honi soit la vache qui rit."
("Oh the leaves are falling, the flowers are wilting, and the rivers are all going Republican. O Ramar, Ramar, ride quickly on your golden unicycle and warn the nymphs and drag queens! Ah, now who shall gather lichee nuts and make hoopla under the topiaries? Who will trim my unicorns? See, even now the cows laugh, Alas, alas." Chorus: "We are the chorus and we agree. We agree, we agree, we agree.")
(To bottom left of poster) Veggie Tales provided a take-off on The Lord of the Rings with its production of The Lord of the Beans: A Lesson in Using Your Gifts. This Veggie Tales episode relates the adventures of a flobbit [hobbit] named Toto Baggypants [Frodo Baggins] and his companions Randalf [Gandalf], Ear-A-Corn [Aragorn], Leg-O-Lamb [Legolas], and Grumpy [Gimli]. Along the road they are confronted by evil Sporks [Orcs] and other hazards. The conlang connection comes with a segment entitled "Silly Songs with Elves" wherein a fake Elvish singer (who looks suspiciously like Elvis) is berated by a real female cucumber-elf in “Elvish” (with subtitles).
(Bottom left) In addition to his complex languages connected with Middle-earth, Tolkien also created a language and writing system for his Christmas letters to his children written under the name of "Father Christmas." These annual correspondences from the North Pole were a Tolkien family tradition for years and are collected in The Father Christmas Letters. In one letter, Karhu the Polar Bear sent the children a letter in the "Goblin alphabet" and also revealed that the language spoken at the North Pole was Arctic. An example of Arctic was the sentence "Mára mesta an ni véla tye ento, ya rato nea" which meant "Goodbye till I see you next, and I hope it will be soon." Some will see a similarity between Arctic and Quenya. Here you see the Goblin alphabet and the letter that Karhu sent written in it.
(Bottom center) “A Secret Vice”
by J.R.R. Tolkien
One of the Founding Documents of Conlanging
Written in the early 1930s, “A Secret Vice” was J.R.R. Tolkien's apologia for language creation and was given as an address at a linguistics conference. Tolkien begins with praise for Esperanto and then goes on to relate his lifelong fascination with languages, his first attempts at language creation when a young boy, and his finding out that he was not the only “devotee” of the art during a boring camp lecture in World War I: “The man next to me said suddenly in a dreamy voice: ‘Yes, I think I shall express the accusative case by a prefix!’” Tolkien surmises that the man is only one of many “hidden craftsmen.”
“A Secret Vice” provides a succinct but important definition of “linguistic invention”:
“...the fitting of notion to oral symbol, and pleasure in contemplating the new relation established...”
Presaging the ideas in David J. Peterson’s "Conlang Manifesto" (see Exhibit Case #2), Tolkien goes on to say:
“In these invented languages the pleasure is more keen than it can be even in learning a new language...because more personal and fresh, more open to experiment of trial and error. And it is capable of developing into an art...”
Tolkien calls this new art “language-construction” or “the construction of imaginary languages.” The essay continues to define some other characteristics of these “play-languages” or “art-languages” until coming to some personal creations of Tolkien himself.
The essay ends with several poems Tolkien wrote in an early form of Elvish. Tolkien’s languages are inextricably wrapped up with the mythology he created for Middle-earth, the setting for The Lord of the Rings. In fact, he clearly states that this is unavoidable:
“the making of language and mythology are related functions; to give your language an individual flavour, it must have woven into it the threads of an individual mythology...your language construction will breed a mythology.”
In fact, in a letter to his son Christopher dated Feb. 21, 1958, Tolkien clearly says:
“Nobody believes me when I say that my long book [The Lord of the Rings] is an attempt to create a world in which a form of language agreeable to my personal aesthetic might seem real. But it is true. An enquirer (among many) asked what the L.R. was all about, and whether it was an allegory. And I said it was an effort to create a situation in which a common greeting would be elen si-'la lu-'menn omentielmo ['A star shines on the hour of our meeting'], and that the phrase long antedated the book.”
For those who wish to read “A Secret Vice” in its entirety, it can be found in the book The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays in Cleveland Public Library’s Literature Department.
(Bottom right) Tree of Tongues
Tolkien's own sketch of the interrelationships among the languages in his family of Elvish tongues. (Source: The Lost Road and Other Writings, History of Middle-earth series, vol. 5, p. 156.)
The Babel Text in Quenya
1.Ar ilya ambar arne er lambe ar quetie.
2.Ar martane, lelyentasse romenna, i hirnente nanda noresse Shinar; ar marnante tasse.
3.Ar quentante ilenilenen, "Lel, karealve (*brick*), ar urtealve te ilyave." Ar arnente (*brick*) ve ondo, ar(*bitumen*) arnente ve (*mortar*).
4.Ar quentente, "Lel, karealve osto, ar mindon, yo telme na menenna, ar karealve esselva; ikoi uu rernar nealve or ilya ambarwa."
5.Ar Eru nu-lende velienna i-osto ar i-mindon, ya i-atanion hini akarnente.
6.Ar Eru quente, "Vela, nante er lie, ar ilyar arante er lambe; ar sina na ya yestanente; ar si u avatanar nuvante (*any*) karyiello, yan noante.
7.Lel, nu-lendean, ar tasse handutean lambenta, ikoi uu hanyeante ilenilenwa quentie."
8.Take Eru rerne te pallave tallo or ambar; ar pustanente karie i-osto.
9.Take esserwa yenne Babel, ike Eru tasse handunte i-lambe ilya ambarwa; ar tallo Eru rerne te or i-ambar.
Translated by Anthony Appleyard (with emendations by Michael Poxon)
(http://www.langmaker.com/babel/quenya.htm)
PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, Calif. – More than 3,000 students from across California visited the Presidio of Monterey on May 13 for DLIFLC’s Language Day. Students, educators and other participants were treated to stage performances, classroom displays and ethnic cuisine, highlighting the cultures of the many foreign languages taught here.
Official Presidio of Monterey Web site
Official Presidio of Monterey Facebook
PHOTO by Steven L. Shepard, Presidio of Monterey Public Affairs.
Photo by Hiro Chang
The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center opened its doors to the public on May 15 for its annual Language Day event.
The event showcased the cultures of the different departmental languages being taught here through dance, skits and fashion shows.
Exhibits were also presented throughout the school grounds with local Monterey ethnic vendors selling their local cuisines to the customers.
Nearly 2,000 high school students and teachers attended Language Day.