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Borobudur, or Barabudur, is a 8th-century Mahayana Buddhist monument near Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The monument comprises six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. A main dome, located at the center of the top platform, is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues seated inside perforated stupa. The largest restoration project was undertaken between 1975 and 1982 by the Indonesian government and UNESCO, following which the monument was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. From: wikipedia.
Java is the world's most densely populated regions (population: 136 million). It is home to 60% of Indonesia's population. Much of Indonesian history took place on Java; it was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, Islamic sultanates, the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies, and was at the centre of Indonesia's campaign for independence. The island dominates Indonesian social, political and economic life. More information on wikipedia.
The Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (Indonesian: Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, Javanese: ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦔꦿꦠ꧀) is a palace complex in the city of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is the seat of the reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta and his family. The complex is a center of Javanese culture, and contains a museum displaying royal artifacts. It is guarded by the Yogyakarta Kraton Guards (Indonesian: Prajurit Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat).
CONTENTS
HISTORY
The complex was built in 1755–1756 (AJ 1682) for Hamengkubuwono I, the first Sultan of Yogyakarta. It was one of the monarch's first acts after the signing of the Treaty of Giyanti, which recognized the creation of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta under the Dutch East India Company. A banyan forest, protected from flooding by its location between two rivers, was chosen as the site for the palace.
On 20 June 1812, Stamford Raffles led a 1,200-strong British force to attack the walled royal city of Yogyakarta. Although they outnumbered the British, the Javanese were unprepared for the attack. Yogyakarta fell in one day, and the palace was sacked and burned. A total of £15,000 in gold, jewels and currency (currently valued at £500,000) was looted. It was the first attack on a Javanese court, and the sultanate was subjugated to colonial authority. Most of the current palace was built by Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII (who reigned from 1921 to 1939), and was rebuilt after earthquakes in 1876 and 2006.
ARCHITECTURE
The palace's chief architect was Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, who founded the Yogyakarta Sultanate. His architectural expertise was appreciated by the Dutch scientist Theodoor Gautier Thomas Pigeaud and Lucien Adam, who considered him a worthy successor of Pakubuwono II (founder of the Surakarta Sunanate). The palace layout, which followed the basic design of the old city of Yogyakarta, was completed in 1755-1756; another building was added by a later Sultan of Yogyakarta.
The complex consists of a courtyard covered with sand from the south coast, a main building and a secondary building. The buildings are separated by a wall with a regol in semar tinandu style. The palace door is made of thick teak. Behind (or in front of) a gate in Javanese architecture is usually an insulating wall (Renteng or Baturono), sometimes with a distinctive, traditional ornament.
The wooden buildings of the complex have a traditional Javanese architectural style, decorated with flora, fauna, or nature motifs. Foreign influences (Portuguese, Dutch, and Chinese) are also seen. The buildings are of joglo construction.
The trapezoidal joglo roof is usually covered with red or gray shingles, tiles, or zinc. It is supported by a central pillar (soko guru) and secondary pillars. Pillars are usually dark green or black, with yellow, light-green, red or gold highlights. Other wooden building elements match the pillars in color.
For the stone pedestal (Ompak), the black color is combined with gold ornamentation. White dominates the walls of the building and the complex. The floor, usually made of white marble or patterned tiles, is higher than the sandy courtyard. Some buildings have a higher main floor. Other buildings have a square stone (Selo Gilang) for the sultan's throne.
Each building is classified by use. The main-class building (used by the sultan) has more ornamentation than the lower-class buildings, which have simple ornamentation or none at all.
WIKIPEDIA
Borobudur, or Barabudur, is a 8th-century Mahayana Buddhist monument near Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The monument comprises six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. A main dome, located at the center of the top platform, is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues seated inside perforated stupa. The largest restoration project was undertaken between 1975 and 1982 by the Indonesian government and UNESCO, following which the monument was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. From: wikipedia.
Java is the world's most densely populated regions (population: 136 million). It is home to 60% of Indonesia's population. Much of Indonesian history took place on Java; it was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, Islamic sultanates, the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies, and was at the centre of Indonesia's campaign for independence. The island dominates Indonesian social, political and economic life. More information on wikipedia.
16 Jul 2005 BMAG - Schwartzkopff 0-10-0T's B 'Bahagia' (1928) & T 'Tudjubelas' (1928) 3ft 6 in gauge.
A 1930s tourist trip from a Dutchman in colonial Indonesia all pictures are from the KITLV archives: hdl.handle.net/1887.1/item:886192
Java and Python are rich programming languages. According to the need of your application, choose the language you find best features with for your desired application. Compare the features of both Java and Python from above accordingly to choose the best programming language for your application.
15 Jul 2005 Orenstein & Koppel 0-8-0T 10 (1910) 700mm gauge crossing the road with a loaded train for the mill.
Purwodadi Sugar Mill, Kabupaten Magetan, East Java, Indonesia.
13 Jul 2005 Hartmann 0-4-0 B.5210 (1911) 3ft 6in gauge plinthed at Ambarawa.
Ambarawa Railway Museum, Semerang Regency, Central Java.
Java coding (Programming) Swedish book.
AI:
This image features a Swedish programming book titled "Java Koder" (translated as Java Codes). Here’s a detailed breakdown:
1. Book Information
Title: Java Koder (Java Codes).
Authors: Robert Dimpling & Lars Jonsson.
Publisher: Appears to be published by IDG Books, a well-known publisher for technical and programming books.
Series: Part of the StorPocket series, which likely means it’s a large-format paperback reference book.
2. Content & Purpose
The book is a reference guide for Java programming, specifically covering:
Java 2.0 (an older version of the language, likely from early 2000s).
Important Java packages and their usage.
Possibly example codes and explanations for Java development.
It appears to be aimed at Swedish-speaking developers learning Java 2.0.
3. Additional Features
The book includes a CD-ROM, as indicated by the "CD INGÅR" (CD Included) logo.
A bonus section offers:
Internet access via Comviq/Tele2 for 12 months (which was a common promotion for books at the time).
Additional programming resources from PC FOR ALLA (a Swedish tech magazine).
4. Historical & Collectibility Value
Since it focuses on Java 2.0, the content may be outdated for modern development, as Java has evolved significantly.
However, it could still be useful for historical reference or retro programming projects.
If it’s in good condition, it may have collector’s value for those interested in early Java programming books.
15TH APRIL, LONDON- Martin Thompson @mjpt777 explores when to start performance testing, how to avoid the common pitfalls, how to profile when the results cause your team to pull a funny face, and what you can do about that funny face.
See the SkillsCast (Video, Slides, Code at: bit.ly/115Q4VW