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A great fire burns within me, but no one stops to warm themselves at it and passers by only see a wisp of smoke.
Historic place in Amritsar, Punjab.
Heard so much about Jallianwala Bagh before I went to India, big changing point in Indian history. If you aren't aware of the event which took place here, google it.
Amritsar was formerly known as Ramadaspur. It is situated in the north-western part in India in the Punjab state. It is Sikhs pilgrimages and historic monuments. The state is a Sikh state whether other people are also belongs here. Punjabis are world famous for their foodie habits and enthusiastic nature. There are lots of places to visit but, it is renowned across the world for the Golden Temple, Jallianwala Bagh, Durgian Temple, Akal Takht, summer palace of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and last but not least Wagah border ceremony.
This day would be your most memorable day while visit to Amritsar. After a whole day visit take Punjabi delights such as Makke di roti (corn flour roti) with sason da saag, Lassi, daal makhani, laccha paratha, rajama (kidney bean) with rice, tangari kabab, tandoori chicken etc. the variety of food you canтАЩ t anywhere else and the yummy taste.
Amritser, india. February 26, 2018: this image i click in Jallianwala Bagh, golden tample, amritser.
The Rt. Hon. Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, BritainтАЩs first Asian Cabinet Minister visited the Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 18 September 2011 during her visit to India. Follow us on: twitter.com/ukinindia
The Rt. Hon. Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, BritainтАЩs first Asian Cabinet Minister visited the Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 18 September 2011 during her visit to India. Follow us on: twitter.com/ukinindia
@ChiranjeeviJetty #ChiranjeeviJetty #SriGhatiSubramanya #temple #blessed #happydays
#HISTORY OF THE #MOVEMENT #LEADING TO THE #VIDURASHWATHA #TRAGEDY
#Vidurashwatha, a sleepy village in the then unified #Chikkaballapur district of Old Mysore state, carved a niche in the annals of national struggle for #independence during the Gandhian phase. On April 25, 1938 a shocking incident, something like an abridged version of #Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, took place here killing thirty two people and injuring many in the indiscriminate firing resorted to by the police. The village thus came to be known as the #Jallianwala Bagh of Karnataka. This tragic incident embedded with political dimension caused vibrant changes significant enough to strengthen the struggle for #independence in the princely state of #Mysore. It also vigorously vocalized the demand for Responsible Government which convinced the reluctant #Gandhi to intervene and find a solution acceptable for both the #Congress and the Mysore administration.
The conflict with the British started in this part of Carnatic as early as 1768 by the annexation of Kolar and Mulbagal areas by the East India CompanyтАЩs forces. The alien domination was stoutly opposed by Haider Ali who trounced them reclaiming his command over these areas and later losing it to the enemy. The wars between the British and Haider Ali and later his son Tipu Siltan went on for more than three decades. Kolar area thus became one of the prominent sites of bitter conflicts in the South to check the British out from the native land.
After the fall of Tipu Sultan in the 1799 battle the principality of Mysore was brought under the supremacy of British East India Company and the King was humbled to sign the Subsidiary Alliance Treaty. As the king bound by the treaty had to be loyal to the core to their British masters so were the subjects to their king. Though struggles had surfaced in the northern part of the Kannada Country which was part of British-India (the British Karnataka) during both the Tilak-phase and the earlier Gandhian phase of the Movement, Old Mysore region, verily a buffer state (consisting of eight districts: Bangalore, Chitradurga, Hassan, Kadur, Kolar, Mysore, Shimoga and Tumkur) did not see much of activity against the British rule during this period. The congress-line activities were limited to a few elite groups in some urban centers. Moreover the National Congress following the advice of Gandhi had decided not to encourage its aggressive activities beyond the provinces directly ruled by the British. The Movement therefore was not so much impressive in the areas ruled by the native kings. However the activities of the non-Brahmin leaders in Old Mysore region did exist in the form of mobilizing the masses for social justice sans any pivotal political agenda. It was only in 1917 Praja-Mitra Mandali emerged as the first political party in the princely Mysore.
In 1934, sinking their differences Praja-Mitra Mandali and its sibling Praja-paksha formed the United Mysore Praja Party (Mysore PeoplesтАЩ Federation) to demand for Responsible Government, and equal representation to all castes both in administration and governance. Nevertheless it also demonstrated its earnestness to propagate the aims and ideals of the congress. The Provincial Congress Committee which on
the other hand had come into existence officially in 1930 (тАШTilak AssociationтАЩ prior to that, and engaged in public celebration of Ganapati festival and TilakтАЩs birthday) became actively engaged in Gandhian programmes like temperance, removal of untouchability, communal harmony, popularization of Khadhi etc. aimed at arousing some form of national consciousness among the people. While the congress outfit was striving to visualize national freedom it was unable to give a definite shape to it in the province. The non-congress outfit on the other hand stood for the aspirations of democratic autonomy and was working out a non-#Brahmin (which was also non-dalit) caste consolidation.
#GandhiтАЩs journey in the region in 1927 and 1934 had instilled ...
@chiranjeevijetty @chiranjeevijety #Chiranjeevijetty #india #indiannatioalcongress #indianyouthcongress
The Rt. Hon. Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, BritainтАЩs first Asian Cabinet Minister visited the Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 18 September 2011 during her visit to India. Follow us on: twitter.com/ukinindia
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ue t:ue qnp a:>uaps ' .
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SIS Placement Cell .
More Computer With Internet Facilities .
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More Scholarships .
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More 1-iostels & Classrooms .
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More Books .
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Well Maintained Commonroom & Sanitation .
f acilities in SIS .
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Upgradation of Canteen facilities in SIS .
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Compulsory outings in every semester .
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Establishment of North-east c:ub and .
community centre .
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Elect!!! Date: 16.04.2007 (Today)Vote! Su[┬зrt!! .
Time: 9:30PM Venue: Tapti Mess .
All Are Invited!.
For SRS Councillor .
Frie nds, 16/04/2007 .
For the lasl few months Slngur and Nandlgram havl.! become bywords for the Left Front Government in West Bengal's reign of terror and r:rony capitalism. While Slngur, which was at one time the second most fertile and agriculturally productive admmistrative block in U!ldivided Bengal, was chosen for a Tata Motors car factory disregarding tile objections of the locals and the fanners who owned and cultivated the land, Nandlgram was chose11 to be handed over for SEZ lo the S<Jilm GmuiJ ul .
Indone!.ia. In both cases, there was no attempt at understanding the causes of ObJections, no attempt to address the grievances ot locals and furmcrs and no attempts to take Into consideration the views of experts on agnculture, economics etc. apart from i1 few sycophants. Instead, the focus was always on pollee action and use of CPI(M) activists to oust the farmers from thetr land and llancJ it over, puq~ortcdly for Industrialisation. In both cases, the government refused to make public the terms of t11e deal, thus h.:ading to susplcton, conftrmed in some cases that the Industrial groups were being given away all this land on thrownwny .
pnces, wttll spcctul in-built subsidies tl1us defrauding Ihe public exchequer for private guo wc~ tt' being painted as anti-industrialisation though ~he opponents repeatedly ciarifted that tiley were not against lndu try. not even giltnst trw Tr~tas dllcl Sal tr11s but were criticising the choice of lund und lite n10dus operil111.h of tile land handover. .
25th S ptcmber 2006 and 2nd December 2006 will go down as L!lack d;ys In lite history of West Bengdl Cl!> on IJoLil these days police wa!'. unleashed on unsuspP.cting and peacefully protesting 1 asants in S111gur and the extent of the police brutality took protesto<s as well as media and others by surprise. The 2 nd Dec ┬╖mber oper:-~tion was particu larly brutal as police were JOined by CPI(M) cadre in police uniform and they entered each and f'very household in Singur to beat up peusa nts including women, children and old people. In fact all peasants In Singur from 1ge 7 to 90 were brutally beaten by police with .
lathis. A few days after this Incident, to teach the protesters a lesson, a yoL.tlg 18-year old girl who was active among tile resisters, Tapasi Malik, was raped and killed by the CPI(M). Taking a lesson frortl ~~hat happened In Singur, the people of Nat digram understandably got agitated when, in .
Decembe,┬╖ 2006, a notice from the Haldia Development Authority (HDA) was issued to the village panchayats asking for ac uto;ition of land to be hilnded over to the Sallms. The people of Nandlgram block cut off the approach roads leading to tl1e1r ages fearing a Slngur-like attuck on them by the CPI(M) and the state poliw. Giving vent to tl1eir action against the CPI(M) c d 'iDA Chairman Lakshman Seth, they ransacked the local CPI(M) office holrling them responstble for the acquisition notice. n┬╖e'1sed at this open defiance of the CPI(M) in West Bengal, veteran Commur11st leaders ltke Benoy Konar made ooen threats a d stateiTients to incite reprisals. Konar on 6 th January 2007 stated that our office has been attacked and we have to take ac on, we cant let this go unpunished. On 7th January 2007 Nandlgram was <ttacked by the CPI(M) cadre and police were ktlled in the attack. There was unprecedented violence and arson und inspite of the presence of the police IJeillncJ .
t, he CPI(M) cadrP were unable to 'capture' and hold on to Nandigram in the filce of the united resistance of the people. Faced ,, ┬╖h thi:; violence, Chief Mir.ister Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee apparently backtrac<ed and declared that the notice should be torn up ano said that tl1.;re would he no land acquisition if the people of Nand:gram did not want it. .
However inspite of the CM's statement, the Salim group spokesrnnn Prnsun MukherJee reiterated that the project was .
ry much on aNI rhe HuA Chctirman Lakshman Seth also declar cJ 111at til Nancllgmm SEZ woulcl be definitely set uri Af trr ,, r ltvl' Cililll ctnclnt.tlltl nt~ncr┬╖ or st<~ lus quo for more tlt<tn lwo month~. 0 11 Jl1 t1 Mllr It 200/ nl lOam, a 3000 !.lronq c:oJtlllt<J<'nl ol s .ti t poi<CL' t<111lorr ┬╖d IJY CPI{M) raure tn pollee uniform ┬лltnckecl til vtlln~lcly al wom 11 Ctnd rlll ld<<ll .
illl illlll to ktll. Dt ii"III'.J t11 op ration, as t1as been exposed by t1 10 tn<t 'P ndenl merlin dtld ai50 corroborated l)y i11l<rvtew~. .
d Pn by t11 AL.IVI' ::.tc~lc-1 vel team w:11ch went to visit the ;u n 011 1/ lllhll lwtl tltHI hlf'rtlly tu111 ami'l11┬╖uw11 11 .
LllC ttver, women were raped (lhls has al~o IJ '11curroborutcu by lite tctt n) a11d aboutl~U p ┬╖t ~ott ( ht5 was stated tJy the v:ll~gers though the team could not cotroborate it Independently) are sttll mtssing. This mass murder 11as been likened to the Le t Front Government's Jallianwala f3agh. The official version says 14 people have been killed tl1ough tndcpcndentteporb o:;ay ar least SO have been Killed. .
NilmJ1gn11n and Slngur today sympollses the brul<.ll repressive me1Jsures the Communt t Government can t.lke 111 colluston vvtth til , UPA In the centre to please the cap<tat1sts' forces nt the cost o~ hapless poor pcusuntry. While th protcsttnq poors arP. offered bullets in a most merciless manner, the UPA shamelessly chooses to proceed with its policies or SEZs, consp<nnq to snatcl1 fertile and cultivable lands of the poor farmers. While SFI on the campus seeks to don a pro-worker mantle IJy protesting against Hoodil In JNU for Its repressive policies against Hero Honda workers, It Is shamefully backing its masters in West Bengal who In a most oppressive and inhuman manner force the workers of Hindustan Motors in Kolkata to end their stdke by taking repressive pollee actions. The communist killings in Nandigram 15 remintscc:nt of the way the communist regimes all over the world have used military force to crush the genuine peoples' movement all over the world. While farmers are cc.mmitting suicides in large numbers in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, in West Bengal police bullets and CPM cadres kill them. We appeal to the student community to stand united against the repressive .
antt fa-mer, anti-stucent, anti worker and anti people policies of the UPA-Communist combine. .
C'Bnarat 9rtata 'l(j Jai! o/antfemataram!I .
Sd/ A m it Singh , PresldP.nt, A5VP, JNU. .
Sd/-Manoj Kumar, Vice-President, ABVP, JNU. .
t:hhe 15 retrenched workers. The ongoing struggle for a more J'ust .
w ere stuaents and workersare equ I rt .
r m'Yitlnl~, ... __ ,, , apa ners rea\1\rp ~h~ Mltl,.\1'1 1.1 .
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The Rt. Hon. Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, BritainтАЩs first Asian Cabinet Minister visited the Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 18 September 2011 during her visit to India. Follow us on: twitter.com/ukinindia
The Rt. Hon. Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, BritainтАЩs first Asian Cabinet Minister visited the Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 18 September 2011 during her visit to India. Follow us on: twitter.com/ukinindia
Jallianwala Bagh is a public garden in Amritsar that houses a memorial of national importance, established in 1951 to commemorate the murder of peaceful celebrators on the occasion of the Punjabi New Year on April 13, 1919 known as the the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
Jallianwala Bagh (Hindi: рдЬрд▓рд┐рдпрд╛рдВрд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рдмрд╛рдЧ) is a public garden in Amritsar in the Punjab state of India, and houses a memorial of national importance, established in 1951 by the Government of India, to commemorate the massacre of peaceful celebrators including unarmed women and children by British occupying forces, on the occasion of the Punjabi New Year on April 13, 1919 in the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Colonial British Raj sources identified 379 fatalities and estimated about 1100 wounded.[1] Civil Surgeon Dr. Smith indicated that there were 1,526 casualties.[2] The true figures of fatalities are unknown, but are very likely to be many times higher than the official figure of 379.
The 6.5-acre (26,000 m2) garden site of the massacre is located in the vicinity of Golden Temple complex, the holiest shrine of Sikhism.
The memorial is managed by the Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Trust, which was established as per the Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Act, Act No. 25 of 1 May 1951 (in English). Retrieved on 10 August 2016.
Read more at : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh
The Rt. Hon. Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, BritainтАЩs first Asian Cabinet Minister visited the Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 18 September 2011 during her visit to India. Follow us on: twitter.com/ukinindia
The Postcard
An Oilette Series postcard that was published by Raphael Tuck & Sons Ltd., Publishers to Their Majesties the King and Queen. The artwork was by A. Mascot, and the card was printed in the United Kingdom.
The publishers have printed the following morale-boosting message on the back of the card:
'Fums Up! Such a quaint little figure of a cute baby
Mercury, the emblem of luck on his forehead and a
touch of ancient Rome in the upturned thumb, handed
down from the Gladiator Days (through a United allied
Italy) to the Londoner of today, in the popular phrase -
Thumbs Up!
This lucky Symbol, expressive of the confidence deep
rooted in the hearts of Britain and her Allies that Right
will triumph over Might and that our just cause will
emerge crowned by a glorious Victory leading to a
lasting Peace, is brought home to you by A. Mascot.'
The lasting peace never happened - 20 years, 9 months and 24 days after the Great War Armistice, Prime Minister Chamberlain announced to a shocked British public that Great Britain was once again at war with Germany.
The card was posted in Peterborough using a ┬╜d. stamp on Monday the 13th. September 1915. It was sent to:
Miss A. Hood,
c/o Mrs. Cone,
No. 8, Camden Street,
Lowestoft.
The message on the divided back of the card was as follows:
"Dear Alice,
Just a PC to let you know
we are all alive and well.
Hope you are the same.
Love to all from Lucy."
'The Regeneration'
So what else happened on the day that Lucy posted the card to Alice?
Well, on the 13th. September 1915, the film The Regeneration was released. Directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Rockliffe Fellowes and Anna Q. Nilsson, it was the first feature-length gangster film based on an actual person.
Screenwriter Carl Harbaugh and Raoul Walsh adapted the story from a memoir 'My Mamie Rose' by Owen Kildare.
The film was considered lost until a copy was discovered in the basement of a building in Montana in 1976, and is now preserved at the Library of Congress.
Most of the extras in the film were real New York locals from the Bowery area, as well as from Hell's Kitchen, and had never appeared before in films.
Most of the gangster characters were actual gangsters in real life.
The 1915 Lahore Conspiracy Trials
The 13th. September 1915 also marked the end of the 1915 Lahore Conspiracy Case trials held in Lahore (then part of the undivided Punjab of British India), and in the United States, in the aftermath of the failed Ghadar conspiracy.
There were nine cases in total, starting on the 26th. April 1915.
Out of a total of 291 convicted conspirators, 42 were executed, 114 were given life sentences, and 93 were given varying terms of imprisonment. 42 defendants were acquitted.
The uncovering of the conspiracy also saw the initiation of the Hindu German Conspiracy trial in the United States.
-- The Ghadar Conspiracy
The Ghadar Conspiracy, also known as the Ghadar Mutiny, was a plan to initiate a widespread mutiny in the British Indian Army in February 1915 in order to end the British Raj in India.
The plot originated at the onset of the Great War, between the Ghadar Party in the United States, the Berlin Committee in Germany, the Indian revolutionary underground in British India and the German Foreign Office through the consulate in San Francisco.
The incident derives its name from the North American Ghadar Party, whose members of the Punjabi community in Canada and the United States were among the most prominent participants in the plan.
It was the most prominent amongst a number of plans of the much larger HinduтАУGerman Mutiny, formulated between 1914 and 1917 to initiate a Pan-Indian rebellion against the British Raj during the Great War.
The mutiny was planned to start in the key state of Punjab, followed by mutinies in Bengal and rest of India. Indian units as far as Singapore were planned to participate in the rebellion.
The plans were however thwarted through a coordinated intelligence and police response. British intelligence infiltrated the Ghadarite movement in Canada and in India, and last-minute intelligence from a spy helped crush the planned uprising in Punjab before it started.
Key figures were arrested, and mutinies in smaller units and garrisons within India were also crushed.
The conspiracy was followed by the First Lahore Conspiracy Trial and Benares Conspiracy Trial which saw death sentences awarded to a number of Indian revolutionaries, and the exile of a number of others.
After the end of the war, fear of a second Ghadarite uprising led to the passage of the Rowlatt Act, followed by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
-- The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on the 13th. April 1919. A large, peaceful crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of pro-independence activists Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satya Pal.
In response to the public gathering, temporary brigadier general R. E. H. Dyer surrounded the people with his Gurkha and Sikh infantry regiments of the British Indian Army.
The Jallianwala Bagh could only be exited on one side, as its other three sides were enclosed by buildings. After blocking the exit with his troops, he ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even as the protestors tried to flee.
The troops kept on firing until their ammunition was exhausted. Estimates of those killed vary from 379 to 1,500 or more people, and over 1,200 other people were injured, many seriously.
Great Britain has never formally apologised for the massacre but expressed "deep regret" in 2019.
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History of Golden Temple тАУ рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХрд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕
Architecture of Golden Temple тАУ рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХреА рд╡рд╛рд╕реНрддреБ рдХрд▓рд╛
Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre тАУ рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдФрд░ рдЬрд▓рд┐рдпрд╛рдБрд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рдмрд╛рдЧ рдХрд╛рдгреНрдб
рджрд░рдмрд╛рд░ рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рдм, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХрд╛ рдЕрд░реНрде рд╣реИ тАЬрдЕрддрд┐рд░рдВрдЬрд┐рдд рджрд░рдмрд╛рд░тАЭ рдпрд╛ рд╣рд░рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рдм, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХрд╛ рдЕрд░реНрде рд╣реИ тАЬрднрдЧрд╡рд╛рди рдХрд╛ рдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд╕тАЭ , рдЬрд┐рд╕реЗ рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдХреЗ рдирд╛рдо рд╕реЗ рднреА рдЬрд╛рдирд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдордВрджрд┐рд░, рдЕрдореГрддрд╕рд░, рдкрдВрдЬрд╛рдм, рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рдПрдХ рдЧреБрд░реБрджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рд╣реИред рдпрд╣ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдзрд░реНрдо рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдореБрдЦ рдЖрдзреНрдпрд╛рддреНрдорд┐рдХ рд╕реНрдерд▓ рд╣реИред рдЧреБрд░реБрджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдПрдХ рдорд╛рдирд╡ рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд┐рдд рд╕рд░реЛрд╡рд░ рдХреЗ рдЪрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдУрд░ рдмрдирд╛рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕реЗ 1577 рдореЗрдВ рдЪреМрдереЗ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдЧреБрд░реБ, рдЧреБрд░реБ рд░рд╛рдо рджрд╛рд╕ рдиреЗ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдерд╛ред рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдзрд░реНрдо рдХреЗ рдкрд╛рдВрдЪрд╡реЗрдВ рдЧреБрд░реБ, рдЧреБрд░реБ рдЕрд░реНрдЬрди рдиреЗ, рд▓рд╛рд╣реМрд░ рдХреЗ рдПрдХ рдореБрд╕реНрд▓рд┐рдо рдкреАрд░, рдореАрд░ рдорд┐рдпрд╛рдВ рдореЛрд╣рдореНрдордж рд╕реЗ 1589 рдореЗрдВ рдЗрд╕рдХреА рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд╢рд┐рд▓рд╛ рд░рдЦрдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдЕрдиреБрд░реЛрдз рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдерд╛ред 1604 рдореЗрдВ, рдЧреБрд░реБ рдЕрд░реНрдЬрди рдиреЗ рд╣рд░рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рдм рдореЗрдВ рдЖрджрд┐ рдЧреНрд░рдВрде рдХреА рдПрдХ рдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рд░рдЦреА, рдЬрд┐рд╕реЗ рдПрде рд╕рде рддреАрд░реНрде (68 рддреАрд░реНрдереЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рддреАрд░реНрде) рдХрд╣рд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред
History of Golden Temple тАУ рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХрд╛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕
рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдЕрднрд┐рд▓реЗрдЦреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░, рдЕрдореГрддрд╕рд░ рдмрдирдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рднреВрдорд┐ рдФрд░ рд╣рд░рд┐рдордВрджрд░ рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рдм рдХрд╛ рдШрд░ рдЧреБрд░реБ рдЕрдорд░ рджрд╛рд╕ тАУ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдкрд░рдВрдкрд░рд╛ рдХрд╛ рддреАрд╕рд░рд╛ рдЧреБрд░реБ рдерд╛ред рдЗрд╕реЗ рддрдм рдЧреБрд░реБ рджрд╛ рдЪрд╛рдХ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рдерд╛, рдЬрдм рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рд╢рд┐рд╖реНрдп рд░рд╛рдо рджрд╛рд╕ рдХреЛ рдПрдХ рдирдпрд╛ рд╢рд╣рд░ рд╢реБрд░реВ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЬрдореАрди рдХреА рддрд▓рд╛рд╢ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХрд╣рд╛ рдерд╛, рдЬреЛ рдХрд┐ рдПрдХ рдорд╛рдирд╡ рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд┐рдд рд╕рд░реЛрд╡рд░ рдерд╛ред
рдЧреБрд░реБ рд░рд╛рдо рджрд╛рд╕ рдиреЗ рд╕реНрдерд▓ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рднреВрдорд┐ рдХрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдЧреНрд░рд╣рдг рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ред рдХрд╣рд╛рдирд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рджреЛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХрд░рдг рдореМрдЬреВрдж рд╣реИрдВ рдХрд┐ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдЗрд╕ рднреВрдорд┐ рдХрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдЧреНрд░рд╣рдг рдХреИрд╕реЗ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ред рдПрдХ рдореЗрдВ, рдЧрдЬреЗрдЯрд┐рдпрд░ рд░рд┐рдХреЙрд░реНрдб рдХреЗ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░ рдкрд░, рддреБрдВрдЧ рдЧрд╛рдВрд╡ рдХреЗ рдорд╛рд▓рд┐рдХреЛрдВ рд╕реЗ 700 рд░реБрдкрдпреЗ рдХреЗ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рджрд╛рди рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдЬрдореАрди рдЦрд░реАрджреА рдЧрдИ рдереАред рдПрдХ рдЕрдиреНрдп рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХрд░рдг рдореЗрдВ, рд╕рдореНрд░рд╛рдЯ рдЕрдХрдмрд░ рдиреЗ рдЧреБрд░реБ рд░рд╛рдо рджрд╛рд╕ рдХреА рдкрддреНрдиреА рдХреЛ рднреВрдорд┐ рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХрд╣рд╛ рд╣реИред
1581 рдореЗрдВ, рдЧреБрд░реБ рдЕрд░реНрдЬрди рдиреЗ рдЧреБрд░реБрджреНрд╡рд╛рд░реЗ рдХреЗ рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдХреА рдкрд╣рд▓ рдХреАред тАЛтАЛрдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдХреЗ рджреМрд░рд╛рди рд╕рд░реЛрд╡рд░ рдХреЛ рдЦрд╛рд▓реА рдФрд░ рд╕реВрдЦрд╛ рд░рдЦрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рдерд╛ред рд╣рд░рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рдм рдХреЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХрд░рдг рдХреЛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ 8 рд╕рд╛рд▓ рд▓рдЧ рдЧрдПред рдЧреБрд░реБ рдЕрд░реНрдЬрди рдиреЗ рдЧреБрд░реБ рд╕реЗ рдорд┐рд▓рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдкрд░рд┐рд╕рд░ рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рд╡реЗрд╢ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рд╡рд┐рдирдореНрд░рддрд╛ рдФрд░ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдХреЗ рдЕрд╣рдВрдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЛ рдХрдо рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреА рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХрддрд╛ рдкрд░ рдЬреЛрд░ рджреЗрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╢рд╣рд░ рдХреА рддреБрд▓рдирд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рдЪрд▓реЗ рд╕реНрддрд░ рдкрд░ рдПрдХ рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХреА рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рдмрдирд╛рдИред
рдЧреБрд░реБ рдЕрд░реНрдЬрди рдХреЗ рдмрдврд╝рддреЗ рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡ рдФрд░ рд╕рдлрд▓рддрд╛ рдиреЗ рдореБрдЧрд▓ рд╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп рдХрд╛ рдзреНрдпрд╛рди рдЖрдХрд░реНрд╖рд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ред рдЧреБрд░реБ рдЕрд░реНрдЬрди рдХреЛ рдореБрдЧрд╝рд▓ рдмрд╛рджрд╢рд╛рд╣ рдЬрд╣рд╛рдБрдЧреАрд░ рдХреЗ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд рдЧрд┐рд░рдлреНрддрд╛рд░ рдХрд░ рд▓рд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рдФрд░ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдзрд░реНрдо рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрди рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХрд╣рд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ред рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдЗрдирдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд░ рджрд┐рдпрд╛, рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗ 1606 рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рддрд╛рдбрд╝рд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдФрд░ рдорд╛рд░ рдбрд╛рд▓рд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ред рдЧреБрд░реБ рдЕрд░реНрдЬрди рдХреЗ рдкреБрддреНрд░ рдФрд░ рдЙрддреНрддрд░рд╛рдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реА рдЧреБрд░реБ рд╣рд░рдЧреЛрдмрд┐рдВрдж рдиреЗ рдЙрддреНрдкреАрдбрд╝рди рд╕реЗ рдмрдЪрдиреЗ рдФрд░ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдкрдВрде рдХреЛ рдмрдЪрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрдореГрддрд╕рд░ рдЫреЛрдбрд╝ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдФрд░ рд╢рд┐рд╡рд╛рд▓рд┐рдХ рдкрд╣рд╛рдбрд╝рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдЪрд▓реЗ рдЧрдПред 18 рд╡реАрдВ рд╢рддрд╛рдмреНрджреА рдореЗрдВ, рдЧреБрд░реБ рдЧреЛрдмрд┐рдВрдж рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдирдП рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрд┐рдд рдЦрд╛рд▓рд╕рд╛ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рд╡рд╛рдкрд╕ рдЖрдП рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕реЗ рдореБрдХреНрдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╕рдВрдШрд░реНрд╖ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ред ]рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХреЛ рдореБрдЧрд▓ рд╢рд╛рд╕рдХреЛрдВ рдФрд░ рдЕрдлрдЧрд╛рди рд╕реБрд▓реНрддрд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдЖрд╕реНрдерд╛ рдХреЗ рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рджреЗрдЦрд╛ рдерд╛ рдФрд░ рдпрд╣ рдЙрддреНрдкреАрдбрд╝рди рдХрд╛ рдореБрдЦреНрдп рд▓рдХреНрд╖реНрдп рдмрдирд╛ рд░рд╣рд╛ред
рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдирд╛рд╢ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд╕реЗрдирд╛ рдиреЗ рдСрдкрд░реЗрд╢рди рдмреНрд▓реВ рд╕реНрдЯрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рджреМрд░рд╛рди рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдерд╛ред рдпрд╣ рдЕрдореГрддрд╕рд░, рдкрдВрдЬрд╛рдм рдореЗрдВ рд╣рд░рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рдм (рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░) рдкрд░рд┐рд╕рд░ рдХреА рдЗрдорд╛рд░рддреЛрдВ рд╕реЗ рдЖрддрдВрдХрд╡рд╛рджреА рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдиреЗрддрд╛ рд╕рдВрдд рдЬрд░рдиреИрд▓ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рднрд┐рдВрдбрд░рд╛рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрдпрд╛рдпрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рд╣рдЯрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП 1 рд╕реЗ 8 рдЬреВрди 1984 рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рдХреА рдЧрдИ рдПрдХ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд╕реИрдиреНрдп рдХрд╛рд░реНрд░рд╡рд╛рдИ рдХрд╛ рдХреЛрдбрдиреЗрдо рдерд╛ред рд╣рдорд▓реЗ рдХреА рд╢реБрд░реВрдЖрдд рдкреНрд░рдзрд╛рдирдордВрддреНрд░реА рдЗрдВрджрд┐рд░рд╛ рдЧрд╛рдВрдзреА рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рд╣реБрдИред рдЬреБрд▓рд╛рдИ 1982 рдореЗрдВ, рд╕рд┐рдЦ рд░рд╛рдЬрдиреАрддрд┐рдХ рджрд▓ рдЕрдХрд╛рд▓реА рджрд▓ рдХреЗ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рд╣рд░рдЪрдВрдж рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рд▓реЛрдВрдЧреЛрд╡рд╛рд▓ рдиреЗ рднрд┐рдВрдбрд░рд╛рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдХреЛ рдЧрд┐рд░рдлреНрддрд╛рд░реА рд╕реЗ рдмрдЪрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдкрд░рд┐рд╕рд░ рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд╕ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЖрдордВрддреНрд░рд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдерд╛ред рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдиреЗ рджрд╛рд╡рд╛ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХрд┐ рднрд┐рдВрдбрд░рд╛рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдиреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рдореЗрдВ рдкрд╡рд┐рддреНрд░ рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдкрд░рд┐рд╕рд░ рдХреЛ рдПрдХ рд╢рд╕реНрддреНрд░рд╛рдЧрд╛рд░ рдФрд░ рдореБрдЦреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдп рдмрдирд╛ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ред
рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдкрд░рд┐рд╕рд░ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реИрдиреНрдп рдХрд╛рд░реНрд░рд╡рд╛рдИ рдХреА рдЖрд▓реЛрдЪрдирд╛ рджреБрдирд┐рдпрд╛ рднрд░ рдХреЗ рд╕рд┐рдЦреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдХреА, рдЬрд┐рдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдЗрд╕реЗ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдзрд░реНрдо рдкрд░ рд╣рдорд▓реЗ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдХреАред рд╕реЗрдирд╛ рдХреЗ рдХрдИ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рд╕реИрдирд┐рдХреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдЗрдХрд╛рдЗрдпрд╛рдВ рдЫреЛрдбрд╝ рджреАрдВ, рдХрдИ рд╕рд┐рдЦреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдирд╛рдЧрд░рд┐рдХ рдкреНрд░рд╢рд╛рд╕рдирд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд╛рд▓рдп рд╕реЗ рдЗрд╕реНрддреАрдлрд╛ рджреЗ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдФрд░ рднрд╛рд░рдд рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рд╕реЗ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рдкреБрд░рд╕реНрдХрд╛рд░ рд▓реМрдЯрд╛ рджрд┐рдПред рдСрдкрд░реЗрд╢рди рдХреЗ рдкрд╛рдВрдЪ рдорд╣реАрдиреЗ рдмрд╛рдж, 31 рдЕрдХреНрдЯреВрдмрд░ 1984 рдХреЛ, рдЗрдВрджрд┐рд░рд╛ рдЧрд╛рдВрдзреА рдХреА рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рджреЛ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдЕрдВрдЧрд░рдХреНрд╖рдХреЛрдВ, рд╕рддрд╡рдВрдд рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдФрд░ рдмреЗрдЕрдВрдд рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдмрджрд▓реЗ рдХреА рдХрд╛рд░реНрд░рд╡рд╛рдИ рдореЗрдВ рдХреА рдЧрдИ рдереАред 1984 рдХреА рд╕рд┐рдЦ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзреА рджрдВрдЧреЛрдВ рдХреА рд╡рдЬрд╣ рд╕реЗ рдЧрд╛рдВрдзреА рдХреА рдореГрддреНрдпреБ рдкрд░ рд╕рд╛рд░реНрд╡рдЬрдирд┐рдХ рд░реВрдк рд╕реЗ рджрд┐рд▓реНрд▓реА рдореЗрдВ 3,000 рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╕рд┐рдЦреЛрдВ рдХреА рд╣рддреНрдпрд╛рдПрдВ рд╣реБрдИрдВред рдирд╡рдВрдмрд░, 1984 рдХреЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рд╕рдкреНрддрд╛рд╣ рдХреЗ рджреМрд░рд╛рди рдорд╛рд░реЗ рдЧрдП рд╕рд┐рдЦреЛрдВ рдХреА рд╕рдВрдЦреНрдпрд╛ рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреМрдкрдЪрд╛рд░рд┐рдХ рдЕрдиреБрдорд╛рди рдЙрддреНрддрд░ рдФрд░ рдордзреНрдп рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рдХрдИ рд╢рд╣рд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдорд╛рд░реЗ рдЧрдП 40,000 рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рд╣реИрдВред рдХрдИ рдорд╛рдирд╡рд╛рдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рд╕рдВрдЧрдардиреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдЖрд░реЛрдк рд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдпрд╣ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдзреА рд╣рд┐рдВрд╕рд╛ рдЖрдИрдПрдирд╕реА рдХреЗ рд░рд╛рдЬрдиреАрддрд┐рдХ рдиреЗрддрд╛рдУрдВ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдпреЛрдЬрд┐рдд, рдирд┐рдпреЛрдЬрд┐рдд рдФрд░ рдирд┐рд╖реНрдкрд╛рджрд┐рдд рдХреА рдЧрдИ рдереАред
Architecture of Golden Temple тАУ рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХреА рд╡рд╛рд╕реНрддреБ рдХрд▓рд╛
рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХреА рд╡рд╛рд╕реНрддреБрдХрд▓рд╛ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рдЙрдкрдорд╣рд╛рджреНрд╡реАрдк рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рдЪрд▓рд┐рдд рд╡рд┐рднрд┐рдиреНрди рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрддреНрдп рдкреНрд░рдерд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЛ рджрд░реНрд╢рд╛рддреА рд╣реИ, рдХреНрдпреЛрдВрдХрд┐ рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рднрд┐рдиреНрди рдкреБрдирд░рд╛рд╡реГрддреНрддрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдлрд┐рд░ рд╕реЗ рдмрдирд╛рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рдФрд░ рдкреБрдирд░реНрд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ред рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХрд╛ рд╡рд░реНрдгрди рдЗрдпрд╛рди рдХреЗрд░ рдФрд░ рдЕрдиреНрдп рд╡рд┐рджреНрд╡рд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдЗрдВрдбреЛ-рдЗрд╕реНрд▓рд╛рдорд┐рдХ рдореБрдЧрд▓ рдФрд░ рд╣рд┐рдВрджреВ рд░рд╛рдЬрдкреВрдд рд╡рд╛рд╕реНрддреБрдХрд▓рд╛ рдХреЗ рдорд┐рд╢реНрд░рдг рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИред
рдЧрд░реНрднрдЧреГрд╣ 12.25 x 12.25 рдореАрдЯрд░ рдХрд╛ рджреЛ-рдордВрдЬрд┐рд▓рд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдКрдкрд░ рдПрдХ рд╕реЛрдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдЧреБрдВрдмрдж рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕ рдЧрд░реНрднрдЧреГрд╣ рдореЗрдВ рдПрдХ рд╕рдВрдЧрдорд░рдорд░ рдХрд╛ рдордВрдЪ рд╣реИ рдЬреЛ 19.7 x 19.7 рдореАрдЯрд░ рдХрд╛ рд╡рд░реНрдЧ рд╣реИред рдпрд╣ рд▓рдЧрднрдЧ рдПрдХ рд╡рд░реНрдЧ (154.5 x 148.5) рд╕рд░реЛрд╡рд░ рдХреЗ рдЕрдВрджрд░ рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕реЗ рдЕрдореГрдд рдпрд╛ рдЕрдореГрддрд╕рд░реЛрд╡рд░ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╕рд░реЛрд╡рд░ 5.1 рдореАрдЯрд░ рдЧрд╣рд░рд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдПрдХ 3.7 рдореАрдЯрд░ рдЪреМрдбрд╝реЗ рд╕рд░рдХрдордлреЗрд░реЗрдВрд╕ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╕рдВрдЧрдорд░рдорд░ рдХреЗ рдорд╛рд░реНрдЧ рд╕реЗ рдШрд┐рд░рд╛ рд╣реИ ред рдЧрд░реНрднрдЧреГрд╣ рдПрдХ рдордВрдЪ рд╕реЗ рдПрдХ рдЙрдкрдорд╛рд░реНрдЧ рд╕реЗ рдЬреБрдбрд╝рд╛ рд╣реБрдЖ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЙрдкрдорд╛рд░реНрдЧ рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рд╡реЗрд╢ рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░ рдХреЛ рджрд░реНрд╢рдирд╢рд╛рд▓рд╛ (рджрд░реНрд╢рди рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░ рд╕реЗ) рдХрд╣рд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЬреЛ рд▓реЛрдЧ рдХреБрдВрдб рдореЗрдВ рдбреБрдмрдХреА рд▓рдЧрд╛рдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рдЙрдирдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдЖрдзрд╛ рд╣реЗрдХреНрд╕рд╛рдЧреЛрдирд▓ рдЖрд╢реНрд░рдп рдФрд░ рд╣рд░ рдХреА рдкреМрдбрд╝реА рдХреЛ рдкрд╡рд┐рддреНрд░ рдХрджрдо рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдорд╛рдирд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдЗрд╕ рдХреБрдВрдб рдореЗрдВ рд╕реНрдирд╛рди рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдХрдИ рд╕рд┐рдЦреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдкреБрди: рд╢рдХреНрддрд┐ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдкреНрдд рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ, рдЬреЛ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдХреЗ рдХрд░реНрдо рдХреЛ рд╢реБрджреНрдз рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред
рдЧрд░реНрднрдЧреГрд╣ рдХреЗ рдЪрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдУрд░ рдХреА рджреАрд╡рд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрдЧрдорд░рдорд░ рдХреЗ рдКрдкрд░ рдкреБрд╖реНрдк рдбрд┐рдЬрд╛рдЗрди рдмрдиреЗ рд╣реБрдП рд╣реИрдВред рдореЗрд╣рд░рд╛рдм рдореЗрдВ рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдЕрдХреНрд╖рд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдЧреНрд░рдВрде рдХреЗ рдЫрдВрдж рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рд╣реИрдВред рднрд┐рддреНрддрд┐рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рдкрд░рдВрдкрд░рд╛ рдХрд╛ рдкрд╛рд▓рди рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд┐рд╢реБрджреНрдз рд░реВрдк рд╕реЗ рдЬреНрдпрд╛рдорд┐рддреАрдп рд╣реЛрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдмрдЬрд╛рдп рдкрд╢реБ, рдкрдХреНрд╖реА рдФрд░ рдкреНрд░рдХреГрддрд┐ рдХреЗ рд░реВрдкрд╛рдВрдХрдиреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рд╢рд╛рдорд┐рд▓ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╕реАрдврд╝реА рдХреА рджреАрд╡рд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдЧреБрд░реБрдУрдВ рдХреА рднрд┐рддреНрддрд┐ рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░ рд╣реИрдВ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рдХрд┐ рдмрд╛рдЬрд╝ рдЧреБрд░реБ рдЧреЛрдмрд┐рдВрдж рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдХреЛ рдШреЛрдбрд╝реЗ рдкрд░ рд╕рд╡рд╛рд░ рдХрд░рдХреЗ рд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред
Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre тАУ рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдФрд░ рдЬрд▓рд┐рдпрд╛рдБрд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рдмрд╛рдЧ рдХрд╛рдгреНрдб
рдкрд░рдВрдкрд░рд╛ рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░, 1919 рдореЗрдВ рдмреИрд╕рд╛рдЦреА рдХрд╛ рддреНрдпреМрд╣рд╛рд░ рдордирд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рд╕рднреА рд╕рд┐рдЦ рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдореЗрдВ рдПрдХрддреНрд░рд┐рдд рд╣реБрдПред рдЙрдирдХреА рдпрд╛рддреНрд░рд╛ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж, рдХрдИ рд▓реЛрдЧ рд░реЛрд▓реЗрдЯ рдПрдХреНрдЯ рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдз рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдФрд░ рдФрдкрдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢рд┐рдХ рдмреНрд░рд┐рдЯрд┐рд╢ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреА рдЕрдиреНрдп рдиреАрддрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдз рдХрд░рдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╡рдХреНрддрд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЛ рд╕реБрдирдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдЖрдЧреЗ рдЬрд▓рд┐рдпрд╛рдВрд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рдмрд╛рдЧ рдЪрд▓реЗ рдЧрдПред рдПрдХ рдмрдбрд╝реА рднреАрдбрд╝ рдЬрдорд╛ рд╣реЛ рдЧрдИ рдереА, рдЬрдм рдмреНрд░рд┐рдЯрд┐рд╢ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд░реЗрдЬрд┐рдирд╛рд▓реНрдб рдбрд╛рдпрд░ рдиреЗ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рд╕реИрдирд┐рдХреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдЬрд▓рд┐рдпрд╛рдВрд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рдмрд╛рдЧ рдХреЛ рдШреЗрд░рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рджрд┐рдпрд╛, рддрдм рдЕрд╕реИрдирд┐рдХ рднреАрдбрд╝ рдореЗрдВ рдЖрдЧ рд▓рдЧрд╛ рджреАред рд╕реИрдХрдбрд╝реЛрдВ рд▓реЛрдЧ рдорд╛рд░реЗ рдЧрдП рдФрд░ рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдШрд╛рдпрд▓ рд╣реБрдПред рдирд░рд╕рдВрд╣рд╛рд░ рдиреЗ рдкреВрд░реЗ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдореЗрдВ рдФрдкрдирд┐рд╡реЗрд╢рд┐рдХ рд╢рд╛рд╕рди рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдз рдХреЛ рдордЬрдмреВрдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ред рдЗрд╕рдиреЗ рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рдкреИрдорд╛рдиреЗ рдкрд░ рдЕрд╣рд┐рдВрд╕рдХ рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдз рд╢реБрд░реВ рдХрд░ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ред рд╡рд┐рд░реЛрдз рдкреНрд░рджрд░реНрд╢рдиреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдмреНрд░рд┐рдЯрд┐рд╢ рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдкрд░ рд╢рд┐рд░реЛрдордгрд┐ рдЧреБрд░реБрджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдзрдХ рд╕рдорд┐рддрд┐ (SGPC) рдирд╛рдордХ рдПрдХ рдирд┐рд░реНрд╡рд╛рдЪрд┐рдд рд╕рдВрдЧрдарди рдХреЛ рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░ рдХреЗ рдкреНрд░рдмрдВрдзрди рдФрд░ рдЦрдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдкрд░ рдирд┐рдпрдВрддреНрд░рдг рд╕реНрдерд╛рдирд╛рдВрддрд░рд┐рдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рджрдмрд╛рд╡ рдбрд╛рд▓рд╛ред
The post Golden Temple, Amritsar- рд╕реНрд╡рд░реНрдг рдордВрджрд┐рд░ , рдЕрдореГрддрд╕рд░ appeared first on Hindi Swaraj.
The Rt. Hon. Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, BritainтАЩs first Asian Cabinet Minister visited the Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 18 September 2011 during her visit to India. Follow us on: twitter.com/ukinindia
The Rt. Hon. Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, BritainтАЩs first Asian Cabinet Minister visited the Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 18 September 2011 during her visit to India. Follow us on: twitter.com/ukinindia
The Rt. Hon. Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, BritainтАЩs first Asian Cabinet Minister visited the Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 18 September 2011 during her visit to India. Follow us on: twitter.com/ukinindia
The Jallianwala Bagh, near the Golden Temple, is a memorial park (established in 1951) honouring those unarmed civilians who were killed without warning by British troops under the command of Brigadier-General Dyer in April 1919 while demonstrating peacefully against the repressive Rowlatt Act (which allowed the British to imprison anyone suspected of sedition). The official death toll was put at 379, though some sources claim that as many as 2,000 people died. It was undoubtedly one of the most shameful acts committed during the period of British rule in India and strengthened the resolve of those struggling to secure India's independence. In the small museum in the park is this painting depicting the appalling massacre.
The Rt. Hon. Baroness Sayeeda Warsi, BritainтАЩs first Asian Cabinet Minister visited the Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 18 September 2011 during her visit to India. Follow us on: twitter.com/ukinindia