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The Jallianwala Bagh site is witness to one of the most brutal incidents that took place during the Indian freedom struggle. On the day of Baishaki, on 13th April 1919 around 10,000 people had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh to protest peacefully against the oppressive Rowllat Act. General Dyer ordered his army of 150 soldiers to open fire at the crowd. As the only exit point was blocked and the walls of the park were beyond the reach of the people, the innocent people were trapped helplessly before the spraying bullets. After 15 minutes and 1650 rounds of firing, 400 people were killed on the spot, which included some children. The 1500 wounded people were left to die in the pool of their own blood.
The park commemorating the Jallianwala Bagh massacre at Amritsar in 1919, when British troops fired on a crowd of Sihk civilians. The people that we spoke to didn't hold it against us Brits - they had suffered more recent atrocities at other hands. As so often, a local lady is keen to be pictured with Bev. Bev's camera.
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#HISTORY OF THE #MOVEMENT #LEADING TO THE #VIDURASHWATHA #TRAGEDY
#Vidurashwatha, a sleepy village in the then unified #Chikkaballapur district of Old Mysore state, carved a niche in the annals of national struggle for #independence during the Gandhian phase. On April 25, 1938 a shocking incident, something like an abridged version of #Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, took place here killing thirty two people and injuring many in the indiscriminate firing resorted to by the police. The village thus came to be known as the #Jallianwala Bagh of Karnataka. This tragic incident embedded with political dimension caused vibrant changes significant enough to strengthen the struggle for #independence in the princely state of #Mysore. It also vigorously vocalized the demand for Responsible Government which convinced the reluctant #Gandhi to intervene and find a solution acceptable for both the #Congress and the Mysore administration.
The conflict with the British started in this part of Carnatic as early as 1768 by the annexation of Kolar and Mulbagal areas by the East India Company’s forces. The alien domination was stoutly opposed by Haider Ali who trounced them reclaiming his command over these areas and later losing it to the enemy. The wars between the British and Haider Ali and later his son Tipu Siltan went on for more than three decades. Kolar area thus became one of the prominent sites of bitter conflicts in the South to check the British out from the native land.
After the fall of Tipu Sultan in the 1799 battle the principality of Mysore was brought under the supremacy of British East India Company and the King was humbled to sign the Subsidiary Alliance Treaty. As the king bound by the treaty had to be loyal to the core to their British masters so were the subjects to their king. Though struggles had surfaced in the northern part of the Kannada Country which was part of British-India (the British Karnataka) during both the Tilak-phase and the earlier Gandhian phase of the Movement, Old Mysore region, verily a buffer state (consisting of eight districts: Bangalore, Chitradurga, Hassan, Kadur, Kolar, Mysore, Shimoga and Tumkur) did not see much of activity against the British rule during this period. The congress-line activities were limited to a few elite groups in some urban centers. Moreover the National Congress following the advice of Gandhi had decided not to encourage its aggressive activities beyond the provinces directly ruled by the British. The Movement therefore was not so much impressive in the areas ruled by the native kings. However the activities of the non-Brahmin leaders in Old Mysore region did exist in the form of mobilizing the masses for social justice sans any pivotal political agenda. It was only in 1917 Praja-Mitra Mandali emerged as the first political party in the princely Mysore.
In 1934, sinking their differences Praja-Mitra Mandali and its sibling Praja-paksha formed the United Mysore Praja Party (Mysore Peoples’ Federation) to demand for Responsible Government, and equal representation to all castes both in administration and governance. Nevertheless it also demonstrated its earnestness to propagate the aims and ideals of the congress. The Provincial Congress Committee which on
the other hand had come into existence officially in 1930 (‘Tilak Association’ prior to that, and engaged in public celebration of Ganapati festival and Tilak’s birthday) became actively engaged in Gandhian programmes like temperance, removal of untouchability, communal harmony, popularization of Khadhi etc. aimed at arousing some form of national consciousness among the people. While the congress outfit was striving to visualize national freedom it was unable to give a definite shape to it in the province. The non-congress outfit on the other hand stood for the aspirations of democratic autonomy and was working out a non-#Brahmin (which was also non-dalit) caste consolidation.
#Gandhi’s journey in the region in 1927 and 1934 had instilled ...
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Tell tale bullet holes on some of the walls in the structures in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar which saw the massacre of thousands of unarmed civilians by the demented Gen. Dayer. Also spelt Dyer, without warning the crowd to disperse, blocked the main exits from the garden. He 'explained' later that this act was not to disperse the meeting but to punish the Indians for disobedience. Dyer ordered his troops to begin shooting toward the densest sections of the crowd. Firing continued for approximately ten minutes. Cease-fire was ordered only when ammunition supplies were almost exhausted, after approximately 1,650 rounds were spent. For detailed notes about the Jallaianwala Bagh massacre see earlier pictures in this album. (see preceding images) (Amritsar, Punjab, northern India, Nov. 2017)
Brigadier-General Dyer incharge of Amritsar had, issued a proclamation prohibiting meetings and processions in the town. Jallianwala Bagh was an open enclosure with tall buildings on all the four sides with a narrow passage which led into it. It is said that about 25000 men, women and children had gathered to participate in a protest meeting against Rowlatt Act. They included Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Christians. General Dyer appeared on the scene with his armed troops and without any warning ordered firing, aimed at dispersing the crowd though he had blocked the only exit of enclosure. With escape route unavailable, there was a general stampede. Old men, women and children got crushed under those who trying to escape firing. To escape bullets many jumped to death in an open well now known as Martyr’s well.120dead bodies were later recovered from this well.General. Dyer left the ghastly scene along with his troops after they had exhausted their ammunition. Far from attending to the wounded, there was none to offer even water to the dying. According to the official version, 379 people were killed on the spot and thrice as many wounded to die later. The unofficial number of the dead runs into four figures.
November 2008 - My first visit to the Golden Temple in Amtritsar, India, coincidentally during a full moon. This temple, centered in a pool that was originally a small lake surrounded by a forest, is the most significant place of worship of the Sikh religion. It's full of significant history. Just outside of its walls is the Jallianwala Bagh Garden, a memorial to the hundreds of civilians killed by the British during a peaceful separatists demonstration, as featured in the classic Ben Kingsley film GANDI. The event catalysed Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement against the British in 1920. More recently, in 1984, Operation Blue Star was an Indian military operation ordered by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to remove Sikh militants who had taken control of the Amritsar Golden Temple Complex, amassing weapons in the Temple. The attack, which resulted in the deaths of worshipers within the temple complex, led to nationwide anti-Sikh sentiment and assaults on members of the Sikh community within India. Sikh revenge culminated in the assassination of Indira Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards.
However we may dwell upon the diffi-
culties of General Dyer during the
Amritsar riots, upon the anxious and
critical situation in the Punjab, upon
the danger to Europeans throughout that
province, upon the long delays which have
taken place in reaching a decision about
this officer, upon the procedure that was
at this point or at that point adopted,
however we may dwell upon all this, one
termendous fact stands out - I mean the
slaughter of nearly 400 persons and the
wounding of probably three to four times
as many, at the Jallian Wallah Bagh on
13th April. That is an episode which
appears to me to be without precedent
or parallel in the modern history
of the British Empire. It is an
event of an entirely different order
from any of those tragical occurrences
which take place when troops are
brought into collision with the civil
population. It is an extraordinary event,
a monstrous event, an event which stands
in singular and sinister isolation.
- Winston Churchill
Brigadier-General Dyer incharge of Amritsar had, issued a proclamation prohibiting meetings and processions in the town. Jallianwala Bagh was an open enclosure with tall buildings on all the four sides with a narrow passage which led into it. It is said that about 25000 men, women and children had gathered to participate in a protest meeting against Rowlatt Act. They included Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Christians. General Dyer appeared on the scene with his armed troops and without any warning ordered firing, aimed at dispersing the crowd though he had blocked the only exit of enclosure. With escape route unavailable, there was a general stampede. Old men, women and children got crushed under those who trying to escape firing. To escape bullets many jumped to death in an open well now known as Martyr’s well.120dead bodies were later recovered from this well.General. Dyer left the ghastly scene along with his troops after they had exhausted their ammunition. Far from attending to the wounded, there was none to offer even water to the dying. According to the official version, 379 people were killed on the spot and thrice as many wounded to die later. The unofficial number of the dead runs into four figures.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (Hindi: जलियांवाला बाग़ हत्याकांड جلیانوالہ باغ Jallianwala Bāġa Hatyākāṇḍ), alternatively known as the Amritsar Massacre, was named after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden) in the northern Indian city of Amritsar where, on April 13, 1919, 90 British Indian Army soldiers under the command of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer opened fire on an unarmed gathering of men, women and children. The firing lasted for 10 to 15 minutes, till they ran out of ammunition.[1] Official British Raj sources placed the fatalities at 379, and with 1100 wounded.[2] Civil Surgeon Dr. Smith indicated that there were 1,526 casualties.[3]
Contents
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre
Bullet marks on wall in Jalyanwala Bagh
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer fired rifles into a crowd of Indians, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab. The civilians had assembled for a peaceful protest to condemn the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew. Raja Ram has argued however, that the Proclamation was ineffective, the crowd formed in deliberate defiance and the event signals a beginning of Indian nationalism.
60.India – 1999 – Set of three Special Covers of PUNPEX-99, State Level Exhibition by Punjab Circle; Punjab Folk Dance, Martyrs Memorial Jallianwala Bagh Amritsar, Paintings, Punjabi Sikh Singer with folk musical instrument
Mr. Rabindranath Tagore – was one of India’s most distinguished and respected men of letters and was a Novelist, Playwright, Painter, Philosopher, Educationist, Freedom Fighter and an Actor Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature. 1913.
B. May 7, 1861 – D. August 7, 1941.
From: - Calcutta, West Bengal.
-He was bore to Devendranath Tagore and Sarad Devi.
-He started writing poems at the young age of 14.
-His well-Known poetic works include ‘Sonar Teri’, ‘Puravi’, the ‘Evening Songs’ and ‘the Morning Songs’.
-It is a well known fact that Rabindranath Tagore composed India’s National Anthem ‘Jana Gana Mana’.
-He was interested in the country’s political and social problems.
-He believed that education was the only means by which the country could progress.
1901 – He founded the educational institute ‘Shantiniketan’ at Bolepur in West Bengal.
1913 – He was awarded the ‘Nobel Prize’ in Literature for his collection of Poems ‘Gitanjali’.
1915 – He was awarded the knighthord but he surrendred it in 1919 in protest against the inhuman killing at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar.
1921 – He inaugurated the ‘Vishws Bharati University’ at Shantiniketan.
-He traveled throughout the country and also went abroad touring extensively in England, France, Germany, Sweden, USA, Japan, China, Persia and Iraq.
-Vishws Bharati was also a Centre of Research. The department which grew in his Life timeure. Vidya Bhavan, Kala Bhavan, Sangeet Bhavan, Siksha Bhavan, Sriniketan, China Bhavan, Shilpa Bhavan, Hindi Bhavan.
-Rabindranath shared a special bond with Mahatma Gandhi. They did not always agree on political matters, that did not affect their love and respect for each other.
-August 7, 1941 – He breathe and his Last at Calcutta.
-He was a great Poet and Social Reformer.
Picture Shows: - Mr. Rabindranath Tagore with his grand daughter and grand-nephew.
@ChiranjeeviJetty #ChiranjeeviJetty #SriGhatiSubramanya #temple #blessed #happydays
#HISTORY OF THE #MOVEMENT #LEADING TO THE #VIDURASHWATHA #TRAGEDY
#Vidurashwatha, a sleepy village in the then unified #Chikkaballapur district of Old Mysore state, carved a niche in the annals of national struggle for #independence during the Gandhian phase. On April 25, 1938 a shocking incident, something like an abridged version of #Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, took place here killing thirty two people and injuring many in the indiscriminate firing resorted to by the police. The village thus came to be known as the #Jallianwala Bagh of Karnataka. This tragic incident embedded with political dimension caused vibrant changes significant enough to strengthen the struggle for #independence in the princely state of #Mysore. It also vigorously vocalized the demand for Responsible Government which convinced the reluctant #Gandhi to intervene and find a solution acceptable for both the #Congress and the Mysore administration.
The conflict with the British started in this part of Carnatic as early as 1768 by the annexation of Kolar and Mulbagal areas by the East India Company’s forces. The alien domination was stoutly opposed by Haider Ali who trounced them reclaiming his command over these areas and later losing it to the enemy. The wars between the British and Haider Ali and later his son Tipu Siltan went on for more than three decades. Kolar area thus became one of the prominent sites of bitter conflicts in the South to check the British out from the native land.
After the fall of Tipu Sultan in the 1799 battle the principality of Mysore was brought under the supremacy of British East India Company and the King was humbled to sign the Subsidiary Alliance Treaty. As the king bound by the treaty had to be loyal to the core to their British masters so were the subjects to their king. Though struggles had surfaced in the northern part of the Kannada Country which was part of British-India (the British Karnataka) during both the Tilak-phase and the earlier Gandhian phase of the Movement, Old Mysore region, verily a buffer state (consisting of eight districts: Bangalore, Chitradurga, Hassan, Kadur, Kolar, Mysore, Shimoga and Tumkur) did not see much of activity against the British rule during this period. The congress-line activities were limited to a few elite groups in some urban centers. Moreover the National Congress following the advice of Gandhi had decided not to encourage its aggressive activities beyond the provinces directly ruled by the British. The Movement therefore was not so much impressive in the areas ruled by the native kings. However the activities of the non-Brahmin leaders in Old Mysore region did exist in the form of mobilizing the masses for social justice sans any pivotal political agenda. It was only in 1917 Praja-Mitra Mandali emerged as the first political party in the princely Mysore.
In 1934, sinking their differences Praja-Mitra Mandali and its sibling Praja-paksha formed the United Mysore Praja Party (Mysore Peoples’ Federation) to demand for Responsible Government, and equal representation to all castes both in administration and governance. Nevertheless it also demonstrated its earnestness to propagate the aims and ideals of the congress. The Provincial Congress Committee which on
the other hand had come into existence officially in 1930 (‘Tilak Association’ prior to that, and engaged in public celebration of Ganapati festival and Tilak’s birthday) became actively engaged in Gandhian programmes like temperance, removal of untouchability, communal harmony, popularization of Khadhi etc. aimed at arousing some form of national consciousness among the people. While the congress outfit was striving to visualize national freedom it was unable to give a definite shape to it in the province. The non-congress outfit on the other hand stood for the aspirations of democratic autonomy and was working out a non-#Brahmin (which was also non-dalit) caste consolidation.
#Gandhi’s journey in the region in 1927 and 1934 had instilled ...
@chiranjeevijetty @chiranjeevijety #Chiranjeevijetty #india #indiannatioalcongress #indianyouthcongress
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre (Amritsar massacre), took place on 13 April 1919 when a crowd of peaceful, unarmed, non-violent protesters comprising of men & women including Baishakhi pilgrims had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab. They were fired upon by troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer until their ammo ran out. The civilians had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh for the annual Baisakhi celebrations which are both a religious and a cultural festival of the Punjabis. The bagh (garden) of just 7 acres was walled on all sides except for narrow entrances which were blocked by Dyer's troops. More than 1,500 died including many who jumped into what is now called the marytr's well. This brutality stunned the nation fuelling widespread anger, leading to the Non-cooperation Movement of 1920–22.
Situated in the heart of town of Amritsar, Punjab, India, Jallianwala Bagh was more or less an open enclosure with tall buildings on all the four sides with a narrow passage which led into it. It is said that there were not less than 25000 men, women and children gathered to participate in the protest meeting. They included Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Christians. Not long after the meeting had started, General Dyer appeared on the scene with his armed troops and without any warning ordered firing, aimed at dispersing the crowd through he had blocked the only exit of enclosure. The fact of the matter is that he wished to make an example of it.
Eyewitness account of the merciless massacre beggar description. As the machine guns started raining bullets, the dead piled on the dead and wounded upon the wounded. There being no exit, there was a general stampede; women and children being crushed under the heels of those who trying to escape firing. The wailing of women and crying of children were drowned in the fearful blast of the guns spewing fire. General Dyer's loyal soldier released their triggers only when they had exhausted their ammunition. And then leaving the dead and the wounded where they were, Dyer left the ghastly scene along with his troops. Far from attending to the wounded, there was none to offer even water to the dying. According to the official version, 379 people were killed on the spot and thrice as many wounded to die later. The unofficial number of the dead runs into four figures.
A last look at some of the bullet holes on one of the surviving walls in the Jallianwala Bagh which stand as silent testimony to the senseless killing of innocent civilians by a demented British Gen. Dayer. Marking the bullet holes has dampened the effect somewhat, but these large square marks are infinitely superior to the small, thick round marks places around some of these bullet holes which I had seen on my last visit here way back in 1979. There are several unmarket bullet holes though, which you saw just before this picture. For detailed notes about the Jallaianwala Bagh massacre see earlier pictures in this album. (see preceding images) (Amritsar, Punjab, northern India, Nov. 2017)