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Most of us remember this as a part of our history textbooks.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919 killed thousands of people. The British attacked this famous park while a secret meeting/rally was being held by the Indian revolutionaries. This massacre till date is described as one of the most inhuman and bloodiest
A memorial now stands in the place of the park.
Estudiantes sijs en el jardín Jallianwala, lugar de triste memoria por la masacre de sijs e hindúes por parte de las tropas británicas en 1919, en Amritsar (Punjab-India), 2011.
Sikh students in Jallianwala garden, place of sad memory for the massacre of sikhs and hindus by the British troops in 1919, in Amritsar (Punjab-India), 2011.
This is where we played cards with Babaji (Lala Jaswant Rai) when we visited him during summer vacations. He always cheated in cards and I was always his partner.
Amritsar; Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ; Punjabi pronunciation: [əmːɾɪt̪səɾ]), historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as Ambarsar, is a city in north-western part in India and the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab.
According to the 2011 census, the population of Amritsar was 1,132,761. The city is situated 217 km northwest of state capital Chandigarh. It is near Pakistan, with the Wagah Border being only 28 km away. The nearest city is Lahore, the second largest city in Pakistan, located 50 km to the west.
The Akal Takht (Punjabi: ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ) meaning throne of the timeless one is one of five takhts (seats of power) of the Sikh religion. It is located in the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) complex in Amritsar. The city houses the Temporal seat of Sikhs.
Amritsar is home to the Harmandir Sahib (commonly known as the Golden Temple), the spiritual and cultural center for the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal with more than 100,000 visitors on weekdays alone and is the most popular destination for non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India. The city also houses the Akal Takht, the highest seat of earthly authority of the Khalsa, and the committee responsible for the upkeep of Gurdwaras.
The Ramtirth temple situated at Amritsar is believed to be Ashram site of Maharishi Valmiki, the writer of Ramayana. According to the Hindu mythology, Goddess Sita gave birth to Luv and Kush, sons of lord Rama at Ramtirth ashram. Large number of people visit Ramtirth temple at annual fair. Nearby cities to Amritsar, Lahore and Kasoor were said to be founded by Lava and Kush, respectively. During Ashvamedha Yagna by Lord Rama, Lava and Kush captured the ritual horse and tied lord Hanuman to a tree near to today's Durgiana Temple. During Navratra festivities it is considered to be auspicious by Hindu population of the city to visit that temple.
The main commercial activities of Amritsar include tourism, carpets and fabrics, farm produce, handicrafts, service trades, and light engineering. The city is known for its rich cuisine, and culture, and for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 under British Rule. Amritsar is home to Central Khalsa Orphanage, which was once home to Udham Singh, a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement. Gandhi Ground is the main sports complex in the city which is home to the Amritsar Games Association, (AGA).
Amritsar has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India.
HISTORY
Amritsar is one of the largest cities of the Punjab state in India. The city origin lies in the village of Tung, and was named after the lake founded by the fourth Sikh Guru Ram Das in 1574 on land bought by him for 700 rupees from the owners of the village of Tung. Earlier, Guru Ram Das had begun building Santokhsar Sarovar, near the village of Sultanwind in 1564 (according to one source in 1570). It could not be completed before 1588. In 1574, Guru Ram Das built his residence and moved to this place. At that time, it was known as Guru Da Chakk. (Later, it came to be known as Chakk Ram Das.)
Amritsar's central walled city has narrow streets mostly developed in the 17th and 18th century. The city is a peculiar example of an introverted planning system with unique areas called Katras. The Katras are self-styled residential units that provided unique defence system during attacks on the city.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, involving the killing of hundreds of Indian civilians on the orders of a senior British military officer, Reginald Edward Harry Dyer, took place on 13 April 1919 in the heart of Amritsar, the holiest city of the Sikhs, on a day sacred to them as the birth anniversary of the Khalsa (Vaisakhi day).
In the Punjab, during World War I (1914–18), there was considerable unrest particularly among the Sikhs, first on account of the demolition of a boundary wall of Gurdwara Rakab Ganj at New Delhi and later because of the activities and trials of the Ghadarites, almost all of whom were Sikhs. In India as a whole, too, there had been a spurt in political activity mainly owing to the emergence of two leaders: Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948) who after a period of struggle against the British in South Africa, had returned to India in January 1915, and Annie Besant (1847–1933), head of the Theosophical Society of India, who on 11 April 1916 established the Home Rule League with autonomy for India as its goal. In December 1916, the Indian National Congress, at its annual session held at Lucknow, passed a resolution asking the king to issue a proclamation announcing that it is the "aim and intention of British policy to confer self-government on India at an early date".
On 10 April 1919, Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, two popular proponents of the Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi, were called to the deputy commissioner's residence, arrested and sent off by car to Dharamsetla, a hill town, now in Himachal Pradesh. This led to a general strike in Amritsar. Excited groups of citizens soon merged into a crowd of about 50,000 marching on to protest to the deputy commissioner against the arrest of the two leaders. The crowd, however, was stopped and fired upon near the railway foot-bridge. According to the official version, the number of those killed was 12 and of those wounded between 20 and 30. Evidence before an inquiry of the Indian National Congress put the number of the dead between 20 and 30.
Three days later, on 13 April, the traditional festival of Baisakhi, thousands of Sikhs, Muslims and Hindus gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh. An hour after the meeting began as scheduled at 16:30, Dyer arrived with a group of sixty-five Gurkha and twenty-five Baluchi soldiers. Without warning the crowd to disperse, Dyer blocked the main exits and ordered his troops to begin shooting toward the densest sections of the crowd. Firing continued for approximately ten minutes. A British inquiry into the massacre placed the death toll at 379. The Indian National Congress determined that approximately 1,000 people were killed.
PARTITION OF 1947
Partition of British India into India and Pakistan had a most profound effect on the demographics, economics, culture, political and social structures of Amritsar. The state of Punjab was divided between India and Pakistan and Amritsar became a border city, often on the front lines of India-Pakistan wars. Prior to partition, the Muslim league wanted to incorporate Amritsar into Pakistan because of the Amritsar's proximity to Lahore (a distance of 30 miles) and a nearly 50% Muslim population, but the city became part of India. The Indian National Congress had similar aims of incorporating Lahore into India as Lahore was the cultural, economic, and political capital of undivided Punjab and Hindus and Sikhs constituted nearly 50% of the population, but Lahore became a part of Pakistan. Amritsar and Lahore experienced some of the worst communal riots during the partition of India. Muslim residents of Amritsar left the city en-masse leaving their homes and property behind because of violent anti-Muslim riots in Amritsar. Similar scenes of communal carnage against Hindus and Sikhs were witnessed in Lahore and led to their mass evacuation.
Important Muslim dominated villages in Amritsar district prior to partition include Sultanpur, Kala Afgana, Abdul Kalan, Rasheed Bal, Lahorie, Shahpur, Shahkot, Alipur, Aliwal, Allahbad, Fatehbad, Chak, Guza Chak, Jattan, Cheema.
OPERATION BLUE STAR
Operation Blue Star (3– 6 June 1984) was an Indian military operation ordered by Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India to curb and remove Sikh militants from the Golden Temple in Amritsar. The operation was carried out by Indian army troops with tanks and armoured vehicles. Militarily successful, the operation aroused immense controversy, and the government's justification for the timing and style of the attack are hotly debated. Operation Blue Star was included in the Top 10 Political Disgraces by India Today magazine.
Official reports put the number of deaths among the Indian army at 83. In addition, the CBI is considered responsible for seizing historical artefacts and manuscripts in the Sikh Reference Library before burning it down. Four months after the operation, on 31 October 1984, Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two of her Sikh bodyguards in what is viewed as an act of vengeance. Following her assassination, more than 3,000 Sikhs were killed in anti-Sikh pogroms. Within the Sikh community itself, Operation Blue Star has taken on considerable historical significance.
DEMOGRAPHICS
As of the 2011 census, Amritsar municipality had a population of 1,132,761 and the urban agglomeration had a population of 1,183,705. The municipality had a sex ratio of 879 females per 1,000 males and 9.7% of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 85.27%; male literacy was 88.09% and female literacy was 82.09%.
Amritsar municipality had a population of 1,132,761 and the urban agglomeration had a population of 1,183,705. The municipality had a sex ratio of 879 females per 1,000 males and 9.7% of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 85.27%; male literacy was 88.09% and female literacy was 82.09%. The scheduled caste population is 28.8%
RELIGION
Sikhism is the most practised religion of Amritsar district with 71.91% of the total population being Sikh.The second largest religion is Hinduism with 26.03% of the citizens identifying themselves as Hindus. However, according to 2011 census, the city of Amritsar is Hindu majority with 49.4% of the city being Hindu and 48% being Sikhs. In Amritsar city, Islam is followed by 0.51% and Christianity by 1.23%. Around 0.20% of the population of the city stated 'No Particular Religion' or another religion.
WIKIPEDIA
While you enter the Jallianwala Bagh massacre memorial through the narrow lane through which the demented Gen. Dayer led his killer forces, we exit the memorial by another path which runs through the very dimly lit gift shop and museum. You then come to a small quadrangle to this wall and sign. These are recent additions and serve as a photo point for the gazillions of selfie seekers to the spot. For detailed notes about the Jallaianwala Bagh massacre see earlier pictures in this album. (see preceding images) (Amritsar, Punjab, northern India, Nov. 2017)
This photo gallery of Amritsar in Punjab, North India has been made by Dutch travel photographer Hans Hendriksen. Should you want to buy a high-res file for publication, photo print or poster? Visit www.hanshendriksen.net to find all information about the author and how to order or publish his work.
Deze fotoserie van Amritsar in Punjab, Noord India is gemaakt door reisfotograaf Hans Hendriksen. U wilt meer zien? Bezoek dan zijn populaire homepage www.hanshendriksen.net met fotogalerijen uit meer dan 30 landen, info over de auteur en hoe te bestellen/publiceren.
Cette photographie Voyage photo sur l'Inde Nort Amritsar (Punjab) a été prise par Hans Hendriksen Voyage photographe néerlandais. Si vous voulez acheter un haute-rés. fichier pour la publication, tirage photo ou une affiche? Visite www.hanshendriksen.net pour y trouver toutes les informations sur l'auteur et la façon de commander ou de publier son travail.
Este India Amritsar (Punjab) fotografía viajes foto recibió un disparo por el fotógrafo de viajes neerlandés Hans Hendriksen. Si usted quiere comprar una de alta resolución de archivo para la publicación, impresión de fotografías o carteles? Visita www.hanshendriksen.net para encontrar toda la información sobre el autor y la forma de orden o publicar su trabajo.
Autor dieser Nord Indien Ladakh Reise-Fotografie Galerie ist Hans Hendriksen, ein Niederländischer Reise-Fotograf mit Vorliebe für das Abbilden des Alltags. Mehr auf seiner Homepage www.hanshendriksen.net mit Informationen über den Autor und wie Sie seine Bilder bestellen/publizieren.
Автор серии иэ фотографии о Индии Амритсар Ханс Хендриксен, голланкдский фотограф. Хотите еще? Зайдите на страничку www.hanshendriksen.net где вы можете найти 44 серий фотографий о разных странах, всю информачию об авторе и информачию о том как заказать и получить его работы.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (Hindi: जलियांवाला बाग़ हत्याकांड جلیانوالہ باغ Jallianwala Bāġa Hatyākāṇḍ), alternatively known as the Amritsar Massacre, was named after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden) in the northern Indian city of Amritsar where, on April 13, 1919, 90 British Indian Army soldiers under the command of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer opened fire on an unarmed gathering of men, women and children. The firing lasted for 10 to 15 minutes, until the soldiers ran out of ammunition
Know more about it en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_Massacre
All images are copyright protected, so don't use them in any manner.
Another look at the wall with bullet holes at Jallianwala Bagh. We were three people with three different cameras hence so many photos of the pock marked walls which stand as silent sentinels to the senseless massacre of thousands of Indian civilians by a demented British Gen. Dayer. For detailed notes about the Jallaianwala Bagh massacre see earlier pictures in this album. (see preceding images) (Amritsar, Punjab, northern India, Nov. 2017)
dailytimes.com.pk/1230210/high-moral-ground/
OP-ED
High Moral Ground
Dr Ghulam Nabi Kazi
SEPTEMBER 30, 2024
Democratic countries often find cohesion in the vibrant noise of their democratic processes. Without this din, we would face the ominous silence akin to a graveyard. Therefore, we have every reason to remain cautiously optimistic about the current situation in our country. However, one crucial prerequisite must not be overlooked: Are we standing on high moral ground? This is a question each of us should ponder in solitude.
Let me reflect on events from over a century ago. Exploiting the chaos of war, the British government pushed through the Rowlatt Bill on March 18, 1919, which imposed wartime restrictions on the civil liberties of all Indians. This provoked Mr Jinnah and some others to resign from the Imperial Legislative Council in protest over the bill’s passage. But worse was yet to come. The British, on a misguided path, continued to err. On April 13, 1919, Martial Law was imposed in Punjab. That same day, as Brigadier R. E. Dyer waxed his moustache, his troops fired 1,650 rounds into a crowd of unarmed civilians peacefully protesting the legislation at Amritsar’s Jallianwala Bagh. By sunset, 1,516 shots had found their mark, resulting in 379 deaths, 192 serious injuries, and almost 1,000 suffering minor injuries.
The outrage was immediate – Sir Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood, Gandhi returned his Kaiser-i-Hind award, and Jinnah lamented that even stones would be moved by the tragedy, branding Dyer a butcher. Dyer was subsequently called back and retired, while Sir Michael O’Dwyer, the Lt. Governor of Punjab who sanctioned the massacre, was shot dead in London in 1940 by a freedom fighter. Despite these significant events, many historians often overlook the crucial lesson: from April 13, 1919, to August 15, 1947, the British had lost their moral right to govern India, ultimately withdrawing from a nation comprising one-fifth of humanity in just over 28 years of their march towards folly.
Fast forward to more recent times, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto held a lengthy meeting with his once-trusted Minister for Production Mirza Rafi Raza, in January 1977. Raza warned Bhutto against pursuing his nuclear ambitions, cautioning that both he and his family could face very grave consequences. While Raza believed Bhutto would win the elections in a fair contest, he doubted whether Bhutto would be allowed to benefit from that victory. Bhutto remained resolute, but within two months, Raza’s prediction proved accurate.
Bhutto, however, proceeded with cabinet formation keeping Raza out of it as the trust deficit between the two men had grown beyond all proportions. At the oath-taking ceremony, the Secretary General of Defence Ghulam Ishaq Khan turned to Rafi Raza and told him,” I hear I have to congratulate you too.” Mass protests erupted, leading Bhutto to declare martial law in three cities across two provinces.
This action was challenged in courts, resulting in conflicting rulings from two Chief Justices. Eventually, the temporary martial law was lifted, and dialogue resumed among politicians, with some military commanders also present in certain meetings. During one such meeting, a general cited the number of shots fired in Lahore and their accuracy as justification for new elections. When questioned about his statement, he ominously replied that his troops would shoot to kill, rather than fire in the air, once they were confident that the government reflected the people’s will.
Less than six months after the Bhutto-Raza meeting, General Ziaul Haq summoned the Law Secretary in the dead of night to inform him that he had imposed martial law. He instructed the Secretary to seek the consent of all four Chief Justices of the High Courts to become governors of their respective provinces. The Law Secretary hesitated, pointing out that one Chief Justice had previously declared martial law in Lahore illegal. However, Zia urged him to proceed. When the Law Secretary returned, he reported that all four Chief Justices had agreed to serve as governors. By the time the citizens learned of martial law, it had already been sanctioned by the judiciary, which would later grant the dictator the authority to amend the constitution as well.
Nevertheless, it is worth recalling how Zulfikar Ali Bhutto responded to Rafi Raza’s concerns about the potential hazards to him and his family. He expressed his commitment towards building an egalitarian society, modernizing the country, and bringing happiness to people unfamiliar with the concept. He acknowledged that tears would always be shed but he wanted fewer tears to be shed and less bitterly.
The purpose of these random reflections is not to assign blame or determine who was right or wrong during the pre- or post-Independence eras; that responsibility lies with future historians. Instead, I seek to highlight the importance of maintaining high moral standards, regardless of our internal challenges and financial struggles. We must resist the temptation to be swayed by momentary expediencies and remain steadfast in our principles.
The writer is a senior global health and public policy specialist.
Other than those got shot, many died by jumping into the solitary well on the compound to escape the shooting. A plaque in the monument at the site, set up after independence, says that 120 bodies were pulled out of the well.
Another shot of Jallianwala Bagh just after the massacre of thousands of unarmed civilians by a demented British Gen. Dyer. I have covered Jallianwala Bagh is some detail earlier in this album (see previous pictures) and will hence save you the commentary. For detailed notes about the Jallaianwala Bagh massacre see earlier pictures in this album. (see preceding images) (Amritsar, Punjab, northern India, Nov. 2017)
The Jallianwala Bagh site is witness to one of the most brutal incidents that took place during the Indian freedom struggle. On the day of Baishaki, on 13th April 1919 around 10,000 people had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh to protest peacefully against the oppressive Rowllat Act. General Dyer ordered his army of 150 soldiers to open fire at the crowd. As the only exit point was blocked and the walls of the park were beyond the reach of the people, the innocent people were trapped helplessly before the spraying bullets. After 15 minutes and 1650 rounds of firing, 400 people were killed on the spot, which included some children. The 1500 wounded people were left to die in the pool of their own blood.
The park is a memorial site now to pay homage to those thousands of innocent and helpless people. The bullet holes can be seen on the preserved walls and adjoining buildings to this day.
This photo gallery of Amritsar in Punjab, North India has been made by Dutch travel photographer Hans Hendriksen. Should you want to buy a high-res file for publication, photo print or poster? Visit www.hanshendriksen.net to find all information about the author and how to order or publish his work.
Deze fotoserie van Amritsar in Punjab, Noord India is gemaakt door reisfotograaf Hans Hendriksen. U wilt meer zien? Bezoek dan zijn populaire homepage www.hanshendriksen.net met fotogalerijen uit meer dan 30 landen, info over de auteur en hoe te bestellen/publiceren.
Cette photographie Voyage photo sur l'Inde Nort Amritsar (Punjab) a été prise par Hans Hendriksen Voyage photographe néerlandais. Si vous voulez acheter un haute-rés. fichier pour la publication, tirage photo ou une affiche? Visite www.hanshendriksen.net pour y trouver toutes les informations sur l'auteur et la façon de commander ou de publier son travail.
Este India Amritsar (Punjab) fotografía viajes foto recibió un disparo por el fotógrafo de viajes neerlandés Hans Hendriksen. Si usted quiere comprar una de alta resolución de archivo para la publicación, impresión de fotografías o carteles? Visita www.hanshendriksen.net para encontrar toda la información sobre el autor y la forma de orden o publicar su trabajo.
Autor dieser Nord Indien Ladakh Reise-Fotografie Galerie ist Hans Hendriksen, ein Niederländischer Reise-Fotograf mit Vorliebe für das Abbilden des Alltags. Mehr auf seiner Homepage www.hanshendriksen.net mit Informationen über den Autor und wie Sie seine Bilder bestellen/publizieren.
Автор серии иэ фотографии о Индии Амритсар Ханс Хендриксен, голланкдский фотограф. Хотите еще? Зайдите на страничку www.hanshendriksen.net где вы можете найти 44 серий фотографий о разных странах, всю информачию об авторе и информачию о том как заказать и получить его работы.
We are at the other end of the Jallianwala Bagh now and come across this building on the periphery of the garden memorial. I'm not sure what purpose it served but the old buildings have been left in their original condition and are currently abandoned. There are bullet holes on the walls of this abandoned old structure as well. It would have been frightening for the residents of the building at that time to see the massacre unfolding in front of their very eyes and to see people by their hundreds dropping dead like flies, and the resultant melee with frightened civilians running for cover. The massacre was carried out by a demented British Gen. Dayer. (also spelt Dyer). For detailed notes about the Jallaianwala Bagh massacre see earlier pictures in this album. (see preceding images) (Amritsar, Punjab, northern India, Nov. 2017)
The Jallianwala Bagh site is witness to one of the most brutal incidents that took place during the Indian freedom struggle. On the day of Baishaki, on 13th April 1919 around 10,000 people had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh to protest peacefully against the oppressive Rowllat Act. General Dyer ordered his army of 150 soldiers to open fire at the crowd. As the only exit point was blocked and the walls of the park were beyond the reach of the people, the innocent people were trapped helplessly before the spraying bullets. After 15 minutes and 1650 rounds of firing, 400 people were killed on the spot, which included some children. The 1500 wounded people were left to die in the pool of their own blood.
The park is a memorial site now to pay homage to those thousands of innocent and helpless people.
A closer view of the signage at the exit/ photo point which gives out the sordid details of the Jallianwala massacre. The sign is fairly self explanatory if viewed in full screen or expanded mode. For detailed notes about the Jallaianwala Bagh massacre see earlier pictures in this album. (see preceding images) (Amritsar, Punjab, northern India, Nov. 2017)
This is the entrace to Jallianwala Bagh. What you can see here is a writeup about the massacre that took place here during the year 1919.
This is the martyr's well at Jallianwala bagh. Around 200 Indians jumped into this huge well to escape the shooting. All of them were later found dead inside.
Brigadier-General Dyer incharge of Amritsar had, issued a proclamation prohibiting meetings and processions in the town. Jallianwala Bagh was an open enclosure with tall buildings on all the four sides with a narrow passage which led into it. It is said that about 25000 men, women and children had gathered to participate in a protest meeting against Rowlatt Act. They included Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Christians. General Dyer appeared on the scene with his armed troops and without any warning ordered firing, aimed at dispersing the crowd though he had blocked the only exit of enclosure. With escape route unavailable, there was a general stampede. Old men, women and children got crushed under those who trying to escape firing. To escape bullets many jumped to death in an open well now known as Martyr’s well.120dead bodies were later recovered from this well.General. Dyer left the ghastly scene along with his troops after they had exhausted their ammunition. Far from attending to the wounded, there was none to offer even water to the dying. According to the official version, 379 people were killed on the spot and thrice as many wounded to die later. The unofficial number of the dead runs into four figures.
Brigadier-General Dyer incharge of Amritsar had, issued a proclamation prohibiting meetings and processions in the town. Jallianwala Bagh was an open enclosure with tall buildings on all the four sides with a narrow passage which led into it. It is said that about 25000 men, women and children had gathered to participate in a protest meeting against Rowlatt Act. They included Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Christians. General Dyer appeared on the scene with his armed troops and without any warning ordered firing, aimed at dispersing the crowd though he had blocked the only exit of enclosure. With escape route unavailable, there was a general stampede. Old men, women and children got crushed under those who trying to escape firing. To escape bullets many jumped to death in an open well now known as Martyr’s well.120dead bodies were later recovered from this well.General. Dyer left the ghastly scene along with his troops after they had exhausted their ammunition. Far from attending to the wounded, there was none to offer even water to the dying. According to the official version, 379 people were killed on the spot and thrice as many wounded to die later. The unofficial number of the dead runs into four figures.
Brigadier-General Dyer incharge of Amritsar had, issued a proclamation prohibiting meetings and processions in the town. Jallianwala Bagh was an open enclosure with tall buildings on all the four sides with a narrow passage which led into it. It is said that about 25000 men, women and children had gathered to participate in a protest meeting against Rowlatt Act. They included Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Christians. General Dyer appeared on the scene with his armed troops and without any warning ordered firing, aimed at dispersing the crowd though he had blocked the only exit of enclosure. With escape route unavailable, there was a general stampede. Old men, women and children got crushed under those who trying to escape firing. To escape bullets many jumped to death in an open well now known as Martyr’s well.120dead bodies were later recovered from this well.General. Dyer left the ghastly scene along with his troops after they had exhausted their ammunition. Far from attending to the wounded, there was none to offer even water to the dying. According to the official version, 379 people were killed on the spot and thrice as many wounded to die later. The unofficial number of the dead runs into four figures.
Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, India
A somber memorial dedicated to victims of some horrible atrocities committed by the british government in India.
The Well where a large number of people jumped to save themselves from bullets.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (Hindi: जलियांवाला बाग़ हत्याकांड جلیانوالہ باغ Jallianwala Bāġa Hatyākāṇḍ), alternatively known as the Amritsar Massacre, was named after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden) in the northern Indian city of Amritsar where, on April 13, 1919, 90 British Indian Army soldiers under the command of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer opened fire on an unarmed gathering of men, women and children. The firing lasted for 10 to 15 minutes, until the soldiers ran out of ammunition
Know more about it en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_Massacre
All images are copyright protected, so don't use them in any manner.
This is a memorial erected to those who died at the massacre at Jallianwala Bagh in 1919 when British troops opened fire on a peaceful protest. The Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab was Michael O'Dwyer and he approved the attack. For this, he was assassinated in 1940 by a Sikh who had survived the massacre.
This photo gallery of Amritsar in Punjab, North India has been made by Dutch travel photographer Hans Hendriksen. Should you want to buy a high-res file for publication, photo print or poster? Visit www.hanshendriksen.net to find all information about the author and how to order or publish his work.
Deze fotoserie van Amritsar in Punjab, Noord India is gemaakt door reisfotograaf Hans Hendriksen. U wilt meer zien? Bezoek dan zijn populaire homepage www.hanshendriksen.net met fotogalerijen uit meer dan 30 landen, info over de auteur en hoe te bestellen/publiceren.
Cette photographie Voyage photo sur l'Inde Nort Amritsar (Punjab) a été prise par Hans Hendriksen Voyage photographe néerlandais. Si vous voulez acheter un haute-rés. fichier pour la publication, tirage photo ou une affiche? Visite www.hanshendriksen.net pour y trouver toutes les informations sur l'auteur et la façon de commander ou de publier son travail.
Este India Amritsar (Punjab) fotografía viajes foto recibió un disparo por el fotógrafo de viajes neerlandés Hans Hendriksen. Si usted quiere comprar una de alta resolución de archivo para la publicación, impresión de fotografías o carteles? Visita www.hanshendriksen.net para encontrar toda la información sobre el autor y la forma de orden o publicar su trabajo.
Autor dieser Nord Indien Ladakh Reise-Fotografie Galerie ist Hans Hendriksen, ein Niederländischer Reise-Fotograf mit Vorliebe für das Abbilden des Alltags. Mehr auf seiner Homepage www.hanshendriksen.net mit Informationen über den Autor und wie Sie seine Bilder bestellen/publizieren.
Автор серии иэ фотографии о Индии Амритсар Ханс Хендриксен, голланкдский фотограф. Хотите еще? Зайдите на страничку www.hanshendriksen.net где вы можете найти 44 серий фотографий о разных странах, всю информачию об авторе и информачию о том как заказать и получить его работы.