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The Mosque of Sultan Hasan (1356-61). The most monumental of all Cairene mosques, it stands like a fortress across from the Citadel of Cairo. The structure is a four-iwan, four-madrasa composition with a mausoleum right on the qibla axis of the mosque. The huge portal is oriented to impress the viewer coming from the Citadel. Its minarets mark the beginning of the line of development of the 3-tiered Mamluk minarets.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
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Publisher
Built 1399 and 1404, commemorates Timur's wife buried in a tomb located in a madrasa complex close by.
A contemporary chronicler relates that Timur brought in architects from Iran and India for the project (he had sacked Delhi in 1398) and used ninety-five elephants to haul construction material. One of the models for the building likely was the great mosque erected in Sultaniyya by the Ilkhanid (Mongol) ruler Uljaytu.
"Timur's mosque was designed not only to continue Iranian imperial tradition, but also to symbolize his conquest of the world."
depts.washington.edu/silkroad/cities/uz/samarkand/bibi.html In the 15th century it was one of the largest and most magnificent mosques in the Islamic world. By the mid-20th century only a grandiose ruin of it still survived, but now major parts of the mosque have been restored.
After his Indian campaign in 1399 Timur decided to undertake the construction of a gigantic mosque in his new capital.
When Timur (Tamerlane) returned from his military campaign in 1404 the mosque was almost completed. However, Timur was not happy with the progress of construction, therefore he had immediately made various changes, especially concerning the main cupola.
From the beginning of the construction, problems of statistical regularity of the structure revealed themselves. Various reconstructions and reinforcements were undertaken in order to save the mosque. However, after just a few years, the first bricks had begun to fall out of the huge dome over the mihrab.
IIt forced Timur to retaliate often beyond the structural rules. His builders were certainly aware of that, however he didn't want to accept their opinion and reality. [4][5]
In the late 16th century the Abdullah Khan II (Abdollah Khan Ozbeg) (1533/4-1598), the last Shaybanid Dynasty Khan of Bukhara, cancelled all restoration works in Bibi Khonym Mosque.
After that, the mosque came down and became a ruins gnawed at by the wind, weather, and earthquakes. The inner arch of the portal construction collapsed in 1897.[7][8] During the centuries the ruins were plundered by the inhabitants of Samarkand in search of building material especially the brick of masonry galleries along with the marble columns.
Architecture
Follows the basic plan of the courtyard mosque.
The cupola of the main chamber is 40 m high.
Formerly, there were open galleries measuring 7.2 m high inside the courtyard. Their cover was formed from the juxtaposition of many small, flat brick vaults and domes supported by a forest of more than 400 marble columns and buttresses. Today, only hints of the galleries can be seen.
Four minarets at the outer corners of the site have been restored. Four other, more majestic minarets that flanked the Portal arch of the entrance and the Pischtak of the main domed building are not completed yet.
In the middle of the courtyard is located the stone pedestal - the huge Quran stand crafted from ornate marble blocks. This remarkable sight originates from the time of Timur.
The huge Bibi Khonym Mosque with its three domed rooms, the covered galleries and the open courtyard was intended to gather the entire male population of Samarkand city for the joint Friday prayers.
In the construction of three domes of Bibi-Khanym mosque, sophisticated in Timur's time, one important innovation was applied: a two-fold construction, where the internal dome hall neither by the form nor by height corresponds to the dome's shape from outside. There is a hollow space between the inner ceiling and the outer cupola. This dome construction allowed the main hall of the mosque to be committed to the proportions and the aesthetics of the 30 m high interior above the mihrab. Meanwhile, the 40 m high outer dome of the main building could be designed for maximal impression and visibility. This scheme was applied also to the lateral dome structures that allowed making modest buildings the figuration tower-like structures with elegant melon-shaped and longitudinally ribbed outer domes
Bostra (Bosra): A Syrian-Roman city and another capital of the Ghassanids; the illustration of urban splendor in the eyes of the Prophet Muhammad.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher
Photograph of the typical rank of a cupbearer (Saqi) of the early Mamluk Bahri period.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.615 The Architecture of Cairo, Spring 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher
Probably the most exquisite mosque of western Islamic land, founded by 'Abd al-Rahman I in 786, enlarged several times, 832-48 under Abd al-Rahman II, 962 under al-Hakam II, and 987 by al-Mansur, the vizir of Hisham II (this time it was extended to the west). The Mosque has an intricate hypostyle arrangement with double-tiered, arched supports, ribbed domes above the maqsura, and a unique mihrab-chamber with mosaic decoration.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher
One of the corners of the ceiling showing the muqarnas work and two of the windows in the drum under the dome.
The Khair-ul-Manazil mosque is led by an imposing, double-storied red sandstone gateway. From the road out front the gateway does not look as impressive, but once you stand under it, its size is enough to make you gape in amazement. Sadly, it is very difficult to capture the entire gate in a single photograph (a wide angle of at least 11 mm is required). Above the central archway, a marble inscription mentions Maham Anga’s and Shihab-ud-din’s names. Shihab-ud-din was a powerful courtier & a relative of Maham Anga.
The Tomb of Iltutmish at Delhi behind the Quwwat al-Islam (1210-35). Though using Hindu building techniques, this mausoleum is rooted, functionally and symbolically, in the Islamic tradition. Its Islamic character is formally expressed in the dome resting on squinches, mihrab, and Qur'anic inscriptions,.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher
In 1646 AD, the brothers Abdul Haq and Lotfi Mohammad Kanani children. Qama to build a house in the Alley Aini Street next to the house Abdul Rahman Hirawi and just a few meters from the Al-Azhar mosque. Where the text indicates the Constitutive the wrapper roof seat this house, that the origin is Haji Abdul Haq and brother Lotfy boys Mohammad Kanani year 1074 AH / 1664 AD and then took ownership of the house to move even signed its key in the hands of el-set Wasela "Khatun girl Abdullah Al Beida Matoukh" The last of the inhabited house and therefore knew her name
In 1646 AD, the brothers Abdul Haq and Lotfi Mohammad Kanani children. Qama to build a house in the Alley Aini Street next to the house Abdul Rahman Hirawi and just a few meters from the Al-Azhar mosque. Where the text indicates the Constitutive the wrapper roof seat this house, that the origin is Haji Abdul Haq and brother Lotfy boys Mohammad Kanani year 1074 AH / 1664 AD and then took ownership of the house to move even signed its key in the hands of el-set Wasela "Khatun girl Abdullah Al Beida Matoukh" The last of the inhabited house and therefore knew her name
Jama Mosque of Ahmedabad is one of the most beautiful mosques in India. It was built in the year 1423 by the founder of the city, Sultan Ahmed Shah, and is located in the old city. Built in yellow sandstone, this monument is capable of outshining any other monument of Ahmedabad. Jama Masjid is a fine example of Indo Saracenic architecture, with the special touch of the Sultan himself. It presents an extraordinary blend of Hindu and Muslim styles of architecture.
The historians refer to it as the most beautiful mosque of the east. It is an imposing structure in the center of the old city and rests on 260 pillars, supporting fifteen domes. The splendid mosque took approximately 13 years to get fully constructed. It is indeed a master piece of the Ahmedabadi eclectic style. Mesmerized by its beauty, Sir John Marshal classified it as a classic example of architecture of its time in the entire world.
The Mosque of al-Rifai in Cairo. Begun in 1869 and designed in a neo-Mamluk style, the mosque was left unfinished until 1906 when Max Herz Bey, the famous restorer of Islamic monuments in Cairo completed it. It stands opposite the grand mosque of Sultan Hasan as an attempt of the Khedival family to measure up to the achievements of the Mamluks.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher
The Great Mosque of Dunaysir (Kochisar): Heavily influenced by the plan of the Umayyad mosque in Damascus, this mosque, founded in 1214, exhibits the interaction between Iranian, Classical, and Syrian traditions in the Medieval architecture of Upper Mesopotamia.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher
Tabatabayi house, Kashan, Iran. A 150~200 years old house in an ancient city in Iran. Now a museum and traditional cafeteria.
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Khaneh Tabatabaei-ha or "The Tabatabaeis' House" is a famous historic house in Kashan, Iran.
The house was built in the 1840s for the affluent Tabatabaei family.
It consists of a four beautiful courtyards, delightful wall paintings with elegant stained glass windows, and all the other classic signatures of Traditional Persian residential architecture such as biruni and andaruni.
It was designed by Ustad Ali Maryam. He is the same person who later on built the Boroujerdi-ha House, for the Tabatabaei's newly married daughter. (www.wikipedia.org)
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#413 Explore March 4, 2009
Taken with Canon EOS 10 QD (film camera)
Scanned with Nikon SUPER COOLSCAN 9000 ED
The Bibi-Khanum Mosque in Samarqand (1399-1404). Popularly named after Timur's wife, this is the mosque he intended to be the royal monument. Its tall projecting portal, with its flanking minarets was repeated inside in the qibla iwan. The mosque displays Timur's concern for monumental effect and theatrical arrangement.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher
Built 1399 and 1404, commemorates Timur's wife buried in a tomb located in a madrasa complex close by.
A contemporary chronicler relates that Timur brought in architects from Iran and India for the project (he had sacked Delhi in 1398) and used ninety-five elephants to haul construction material. One of the models for the building likely was the great mosque erected in Sultaniyya by the Ilkhanid (Mongol) ruler Uljaytu.
"Timur's mosque was designed not only to continue Iranian imperial tradition, but also to symbolize his conquest of the world."
depts.washington.edu/silkroad/cities/uz/samarkand/bibi.html In the 15th century it was one of the largest and most magnificent mosques in the Islamic world. By the mid-20th century only a grandiose ruin of it still survived, but now major parts of the mosque have been restored.
After his Indian campaign in 1399 Timur decided to undertake the construction of a gigantic mosque in his new capital.
When Timur (Tamerlane) returned from his military campaign in 1404 the mosque was almost completed. However, Timur was not happy with the progress of construction, therefore he had immediately made various changes, especially concerning the main cupola.
From the beginning of the construction, problems of statistical regularity of the structure revealed themselves. Various reconstructions and reinforcements were undertaken in order to save the mosque. However, after just a few years, the first bricks had begun to fall out of the huge dome over the mihrab.
IIt forced Timur to retaliate often beyond the structural rules. His builders were certainly aware of that, however he didn't want to accept their opinion and reality. [4][5]
In the late 16th century the Abdullah Khan II (Abdollah Khan Ozbeg) (1533/4-1598), the last Shaybanid Dynasty Khan of Bukhara, cancelled all restoration works in Bibi Khonym Mosque.
After that, the mosque came down and became a ruins gnawed at by the wind, weather, and earthquakes. The inner arch of the portal construction collapsed in 1897.[7][8] During the centuries the ruins were plundered by the inhabitants of Samarkand in search of building material especially the brick of masonry galleries along with the marble columns.
Architecture
Follows the basic plan of the courtyard mosque.
The cupola of the main chamber is 40 m high.
Formerly, there were open galleries measuring 7.2 m high inside the courtyard. Their cover was formed from the juxtaposition of many small, flat brick vaults and domes supported by a forest of more than 400 marble columns and buttresses. Today, only hints of the galleries can be seen.
Four minarets at the outer corners of the site have been restored. Four other, more majestic minarets that flanked the Portal arch of the entrance and the Pischtak of the main domed building are not completed yet.
In the middle of the courtyard is located the stone pedestal - the huge Quran stand crafted from ornate marble blocks. This remarkable sight originates from the time of Timur.
The huge Bibi Khonym Mosque with its three domed rooms, the covered galleries and the open courtyard was intended to gather the entire male population of Samarkand city for the joint Friday prayers.
In the construction of three domes of Bibi-Khanym mosque, sophisticated in Timur's time, one important innovation was applied: a two-fold construction, where the internal dome hall neither by the form nor by height corresponds to the dome's shape from outside. There is a hollow space between the inner ceiling and the outer cupola. This dome construction allowed the main hall of the mosque to be committed to the proportions and the aesthetics of the 30 m high interior above the mihrab. Meanwhile, the 40 m high outer dome of the main building could be designed for maximal impression and visibility. This scheme was applied also to the lateral dome structures that allowed making modest buildings the figuration tower-like structures with elegant melon-shaped and longitudinally ribbed outer domes
The Hypostyle Mosque: Mosque in which the prayer hall is formed of rows of vertical supports, or columns, that can multiply indefinitely. Dominant type in the early period.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher
The Madrasa al-Firdaws in Aleppo (1235-36): Founded by Dhayfa Khatun, the strong wife of the Ayyubid ruler of Aleppo al-Zahir Ghazi. This is the most celebrated Syrian madrasa and the finest example of austere stone architecture. It is balanced in composition and conservative in decoration with a fine mihrab topped with a "Syrian knot," a decorative element that later spread to Anatolia.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher
The Iwan Mosque: Mosque in which the prayer hall is an iwan, or more, up to four iwans, surrounding a courtyard. It was the most popular type in the medieval period, and remained dominant in Iran.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher
The Funerary-Religious Complex of Sultan Qaytbay (1472-74). Probably the most beautiful funerary complex in Cairo, it has a mosque, a madrasa, and a qubba. It also has the most elegant 3-tiered minaret and the most intricately-carved stone dome with stellar patterns. (Image courtesy of the Fine Arts Library of the Harvard College Library.)
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of the Fine Arts Library of the Harvard College Library.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher
Al-Ashraf Sayf-ad-Din Barsbay was the ninth Burji Mamluk sultan of Egypt from AD 1422 to 1438. He was Circassian by birth and a former slave of the first Burji Sultan, Barquq.
He was responsible for a number of administrative reforms in the Mamluk state, including the consolidation of the sultanate as a military magistrature and securing for Egypt exclusive rights over the Red Sea trade between Yemen and Europe.[1]
His Red Sea activity included the final destruction in 1426 of ‘Aydhab, a once important port which had been in decline in the previous century.
His mausoleum, which included a madrasa and khanqah, was built in Cairo's Northern Cemetery, and has survived to this day.[2]
Alharawy house is old house with Islamic Architecture in Ghoriya, Alazher Cairo,,,Egypt,,,characteristic with old windows with Mashrabiya & Arabesque,,,,,, ( wooden small pieces combined with each other ),,,,,,,CANON EOS 2015
It is situated in El Nassirrya District, Sayeda Zeinab at the end of a closed-ended alley known as Monge alley. Getting there is directly through a right corridor at top of Komi Street that meets Hassan El Kashef Alley which leads to Monge alley; or through an adjoining alley to the Sabil of Sultan Mustapha which also leads to El Kashef alley.
for more info:
Ablution Fountain: A feature frequently but not always encountered in mosques. It is usually put in the center of the mosque's courtyard for the worshipers to perform their ritual washing before prayer.
Format
Photograph
Credit
Image courtesy of Nasser Rabbat of the Aga Khan Program at MIT.
MIT OpenCourseWare Course of Origin
4.614 Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures, Fall 2002
MIT Course Instructor
Rabbat, Nasser O.
MIT Department
Architecture
License
Publisher