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Vauxhall 30/98 OE (1922-28) Engine 4224 cc S4 OHV power output 112-120 bhp Production 313
Registration Number N 82 (Manchester)
VAUXHALL ALBUM
www.flickr.com/photos/45676495@N05/sets/72157623863172810...
The 30-98s used the Prince Henry chassis, they were distinguished by having more-or-less flat rather than V-shaped radiators, with an engine developed by Lawrence Pomeroy, Introduced in 1913, but only 13 were built before civilian production was suspended during WW1 and those only to selected owners. Full production resumed in 1919, with an electric starter as a a £50 optional extra, though electric lighting, a clock, speedometer, spare wheel and tyre, full tool kit and number plates were standard. .
The 30-98 E was built up to November 1922, its engine was a development of the four-cylinder monobloc fixed cylinder head, push rod operated, L-head side-valve engine of the Prince Henry but enlarged to 4,525 cc by increasing the stroke The new crankshaft ran in five bearings with pressure fed lubrication. A single Zenith carburettor was fitted.[ The engine's power output was 90 bhp.
The 30-98 OE was introduced in November 1921 the engine was updated, fitted with overhead valves and detachable cylinder head and renamed OE. The stroke was returned to its original length which gave a slightly smaller capacity of 4,224 cc but power output was up nearly 30% from the original to 115 bhp and low speed torque improved. The car and its wheelbase were lengthened four inches and widened three inches making more room for passengers and more comfortable seating.
A further 313 cars were built between 1922-27
Diolch am 88,998,508 o olygfeydd anhygoel, mae pob un yn cael ei werthfawrogi'n fawr.
Thanks for 88,998,508 amazing views, every one is greatly appreciated.
Shot 10.10.2021 at Bicester Scramble, Bicester, Oxon. Ref. 122-392
increased contrast, lightened
I am preparing to rework my website. I am prototyping it on Flickr. So far, I preliminary picked the abstract and some graphic photos. I will still prune this selection. You can see them here: www.flickr.com/photos/pavel_photophile2008/collections/72.... It is a long-term project that has already soaked up a fair bit of time. Eventually, I hope to have a shiny new website.
Your comments, real input will be greatly appreciated.
Cincinnati (/ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the government seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers. The city drives the Cincinnati–Middletown–Wilmington combined statistical area, which had a population of 2,172,191 in the 2010 census making it Ohio's largest metropolitan area. With a population of 301,301, Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States. Its metropolitan area is the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output and it is the 28th-biggest metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. Cincinnati is also within a half day's drive of sixty percent of the United States populace.
In the nineteenth century, Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the heart of the country. Throughout much of the 19th century, it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population, surpassed only by New Orleans and the older, established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard, as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860. As Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution, as well as the first major inland city in the country, it is regarded as the first purely "American" city.
Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than east coast cities in the same period. However, it received a significant number of German immigrants, who founded many of the city's cultural institutions. By the end of the 19th century, with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping, trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati's growth slowed considerably. The city was surpassed in population by other inland cities, particularly Chicago, which developed based on strong commodity exploitation, economics, and the railroads, and St. Louis, which for decades after the Civil War served as the gateway to westward migration.
Cincinnati is home to three major sports teams: the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball; the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League; and FC Cincinnati, currently playing in the second division United Soccer League but moving to Major League Soccer (Division 1) in 2019. The city's largest institution of higher education, the University of Cincinnati, was founded in 1819 as a municipal college and is now ranked as one of the 50 largest in the United States. Cincinnati is home to historic architecture with many structures in the urban core having remained intact for 200 years. In the late 1800s, Cincinnati was commonly referred to as the "Paris of America", due mainly to such ambitious architectural projects as the Music Hall, Cincinnatian Hotel, and Shillito Department Store. Cincinnati is the birthplace of William Howard Taft, the 27th President of the United States.
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati
The Jewish feast of PURIM, is the feast of customs and happiness.
It takes place at the Jewish month ADAR (more or less on March).
The Jewish phrase says: “When Adar enters, joy increases",
In a slight form of command: "You should be happy".
Not trivial to obey such a command, if you ask me.
My impression of this man, is that he obeys,
alongside a serious facial expression…
With increased business in Guelph, OSR added a third crew on "Job Two" to serve the customers in the south end of the city (PDI liquids and PDI Polymers mostly). Job Two on duty at 14:30 would head up to Guelph around 16:00 and would quickly have to meet Job One on their way south back to Guelph Jct from the North End industrial area in Guelph. The meet change location daily and the timing was always different, so this was a treat to finally get it in good light.
182 on Job Two pauses his switching in southern yard to exchanges a wave with the southbound Job One with 1620 leading 505.
Following an increase in service on the 36 route another vehicle was required. Out of the blue a new Volvo B9 appeared. She was completely different in every single aspect and truth be known she was a pig to drive. After months of service she aquired the then obligatory reg plate X13VTD.... Strangely at the end of her lease she passed to an operator in Glasgow bizarrely keeping her X13VTD plate ? Suddenly In 2012 another single B9 was delivered for further service increase and numbered 3613 ( fleet numbers are very rarely used twice )
BF62UKZ was out of this world and was fantastic to drive. Fortunately she along with 3614 has been chosen to stay at Harrogate as strategic spare buses for the future and has been repainted and looks immaculate
When the D&H acquired the ex. EL/DL&W between Binghamton and Scranton, the original D&H Penn Division stopped functioning as a through route. The northern end was kept active to accommodate high-and-wide cars north of Binghamton that were too high for the Belden Hill Tunnel.
In the early years of Guilford control of the D&H, a project commenced to increase the clearance in the Belden Hill Tunnel. As part of this, the Belden Hill Tunnel was totally closed to traffic.
Trains would detour east from Binghamton on the CR/EL Southern Tier to the D&H Penn Division at Jeff Jct. From Jeff Jct., trains would head north and rejoin the D&H at Ninevah Jct.
THIS, is THE shot that I wanted. The CXOI is being pulled south to Jeff Jct. by the helpers with the soon to be head end passing under Starrucca. The big bonus was the D&H power, instead of the Guilford Power, on the north end. Kodachrome 64 scan.
The Holy Scriptures speaks about increase lawness and cruelty in the last days.
I'm sure this is not confined within one location or a country, but all across the world, an increase lawlessness abound. If we haven't witnessed real time cruelty done to another human being, pay attention to animals. Countless animal cruelty happening that it's ignored, tolerated or just majority of people couldn't be bothered to raised alarms against the practice.
As I love animals, this cruelty has impacted me.
Matthew 24:12
"And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold."
Proverbs 12:10
"Whoever is righteous has regard for the life of his beast, but the mercy of the wicked is cruel."
Luke 12:6
"Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? And not one of them is forgotten before God."
Numbers 22:32
"And the angel of the Lord said to him, “Why have you struck your donkey these three times? Behold, I have come out to oppose you because your way is perverse before me."
Isaiah 66:3
"“He who slaughters an ox is like one who kills a man; he who sacrifices a lamb, like one who breaks a dog's neck; he who presents a grain offering, like one who offers pig's blood; he who makes a memorial offering of frankincense, like one who blesses an idol. These have chosen their own ways, and their soul delights in their abominations;"
Job 38:42
"Who provides for the raven its prey, when its young ones cry to God for help, and wander about for lack of food?"
God gave man dominion over animals but not to abuse them.
In the early 1970s, as the government's policy to supply organs and pianos nationwide increased demand, a keyboard instrument store called 'Pagoda Arcade' was built in Tapgol Park and other areas, and wind instrument-related stores were gathered in Jongno 2-ga right next to it. It was. However, in 1979, as part of the Tapgol Park maintenance project, the government demolished the Pagoda Arcade and moved it to Nakwon Shopping Center, which is said to be the first time musical instrument stores were established in Nakwon Shopping Center.
In the 1980s, the Chun Doo-hwan administration lifted the curfew and eased restrictions on entertainment establishments for many international events such as the 1986 Seoul Asian Games and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which led to an explosive increase in the demand for live bands. As import regulations were relaxed, high-quality imported musical instruments such as Yamaha came into the country and greatly prospered the Nakwon Shopping Center during its growth period. In addition, at the time, Nakwon Shopping Center not only served as a wholesale and retail store for musical instruments, but also served as a training center for musicians. At that time, there were almost no facilities to systematically teach popular music, or in modern terms, ‘practical music’. As a result, Nakwon Shopping Center was crowded with people who wanted to learn various instruments in a short period of time and get jobs as musicians in entertainment establishments. Due to the boom in live bands, the number of stores selling various guitars, drums, and other musical instruments increased, and by 1982, the entire third floor was filled with musical instrument stores, and the offices on the fourth floor were used as warehouses for musical instrument stores. .
In addition, until the early 1990s, Nakwon Shopping Center was virtually the mecca of the music talent market where all performer-related recruitment and job search information in Seoul gathered.[4] Therefore, at that time, there was a separate business that did not deal in musical instruments but had several telephones installed in the office and specialized in intermediating between business owners and performers. As a result, Nakwon Shopping Center consists of business owners who hire professional performers as clerks during the day and sell musical instruments to the general public, professional performers who work as clerks during the day and sell instruments and give musical lessons, and brokers who connect professional performers with entertainment establishments at night. And a complex ecosystem of ordinary people learning musical instruments from professional musicians or buying musical instruments was formed, creating the golden age.
In the late 1990s, the economic crisis led to the closure of entertainment establishments, and the emergence of 'karaoke', which installed karaoke instead of expensive live bands, causing the market for professional performers across the country to collapse. In proportion to this, the demand for musical instruments naturally plummeted, but what unexpectedly saved Nakwon Shopping Center was the demand for churches. Since the late 1980s in American Protestant churches, congregational praise using bands for praise has been popular, but as this spread to Korean Protestant churches, it has become a trend for each church to have a band team. I didn't say his playing skills were good. This is why quite a few of the professional musicians currently active are from Protestant churches[5]. In the late 2000s, around the time when demand for churches began to wane[6], the field of so-called 'practical music' emerged, and practical music departments were established in junior colleges and four-year universities. In the late 2000s, idol bands such as FT Island appeared on terrestrial channels, and in the 2010s. Due to the early Cesibong craze, the emergence of young folk song bands such as Busker Busker, and the production of various audition programs, demand for musical instruments from the general public recovered to some extent.
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No license is given nor granted in respect of the use of any copyrighted material on this site other than with the express written agreement of ©DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams). No image may be used as source material for paintings, drawings, sculptures, or any other art form without permission and/or compensation to ©DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams)
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I would like to say a huge and heartfelt 'THANK YOU' to GETTY IMAGES, and the 49.388+ Million visitors to my FLICKR site.
***** Selected for sale in the GETTY IMAGES COLLECTION on Thursday 1st February 2024
CREATIVE RF gty.im/1972245530 MOMENT ROYALTY FREE COLLECTION**
This photograph became my 6,950th frame to be selected for sale in the Getty Images collection and I am very grateful to them for this wonderful opportunity.
©DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams)
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**** This frame was chosen on Saturday 14th December 2024 to appear on FLICKR EXPLORE (Highest Ranking: #382. This is my 237th photograph to be selected.
I am really thrilled to have a frame picked and most grateful to every one of the 49.403+ Million people who have visited, favorited and commented on this and all of my other photographs here on my FLICKR site. *****
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Photograph taken at an altitude of Four metres at 12:59am on Saturday 27th January 2024, off the Mall and Horse Guards Road within the grounds of St James's Park in Central London, one of the Royal parks of London situated in South West London.
Here we see, Sciurus Carolinensis (Eastern Gray Squirrel or Grey Squirrel), a tree squirrel native to North America and first introduced to the UK in the 1870's. Though it was largely resonsible for the decimation of our own native red squirrel population, those are now on the increase and found in certain parts of the UK including Scotland. The Greys are still an ecologically essential natural forester regenerator.
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Nikon D850 Focal length 420mm Shutter speed: 1/800s (Mechanical shutter) Aperture f/6.0 ISO: Auto ISO2200 Hand held with Tamron VR Vibration reduction enabled on setting 1. Image area FX (36 x 24) NEF RAW L (8256 x 5504). (14 bit uncompressed file) Focus mode AF-C focus. AF-C Priority Selection: Release. Nikon Back button focusing enabled AF-Area mode: 3D-Tracking Exposure mode: Manual mode Metering mode: Matrix metering White balance on: Natural light Auto, 0, 0 Colour space: RGB. Picture control: Standard (SD) (Sharpening +3.00/Clarity +1.00) Active D-Lighting: Normal High ISO NR: On (Normal)
Tamron SP 150-600mm F/5-6.3 Di VC USD G2. Nikon GP-1 GPS module. Hoodman HEYENRG round eyepiece oversized eyecup.Mcoplus professional MB-D850 multi function battery grip 6960.Two Nikon EN-EL15a batteries (Priority to battery in Battery grip). Black Rapid Curve Breathe strap. My Memory 128GB Class 10 SDXC 80MB/s card. Lowepro Flipside 400 AW camera bag.
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LATITUDE: N 51d 30m 16.30s
LONGITUDE: W 0d 7m 51.70s
ALTITUDE: 4.0m
RAW (TIFF) FILE: 130.00MB NEF: 93.8MB
PROCESSED (JPeg) FILE: 55.10MB
PROCESSING POWER:
Nikon D850 Firmware versions C 1.10 (9/05/2019) LD Distortion Data 2.018 (18/02/20) LF 1.00
HP 110-352na Desktop PC with AMD Quad-Core A6-5200 APU 64Bit processor. Radeon HD8400 graphics. 8 GB DDR3 Memory with 1TB Data storage. 64-bit Windows 10. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. WD My Passport Ultra 1tb USB3 Portable hard drive. Nikon ViewNX-1 64bit Version 1.4.1 (18/02/2020). Nikon Capture NX-D 64bit Version 1.6.2 (18/02/2020). Nikon Picture Control Utility 2 (Version 2.4.5 (18/02/2020). Nikon Transfer 2 Version 2.13.5. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit.
You will increase your chances to get Monarch butterflies to visit your garden if you have their host plant... Monarchs will lay eggs only on Milkweed, so, Got Milkweed?
Copyright for this gallery photo belongs solely to Maria A. Gonzalez. Images may not be copied, downloaded, or used in any way without the expressed, written permission of the photographer.
With the ever-increasing difficulty of finding a good man in today's dating world, Janice made friends with Fred the Facilities Supervisor in her building.
On Friday, at dusk, her simple message, courtesy of Fred's work on the building's sign, began it's slow crawl across the cold March sky. Maybe things will begin to change for her after tonight?
Best in Lightbox
After a great morning at Fort Morgan with increasing numbers of migrating birds, it was time to shift gears as I joined my friends Lindell and Carolyn from Oklahoma for an afternoon of dolphin excitement on the the Cold Mil Dolphin Cruise on the back bays of Orange Beach for their first time...in operation since 1997, the Cold Mil Dolphin Cruise is the premiere venue of its type in the area!
The two boats, running tandem, create a large wake that dolphins love to leap through...it is beneficial for the dolphins as the wake allows them to wash off bacteria that collects on their skins in the calm, wave-less back bay, in contrast to the high waves of the nearby Gulf of Mexico, where dolphins also reside. It's always a thrill as the dolphins suddenly burst into the air from the wake...and you've got to be ready to capture the moment! We had a blast and I'll be adding more dolphin shots, along with continuing coverage of Spring migration!
my workshop on my Facebook just like ;-) Clic Here
my 500px Clic Here
Origins
Although there are no historical records that deal directly with the founding of Venice,[10] tradition and the available evidence have led several historians to agree that the original population of Venice consisted of refugees from Roman cities near Venice such as Padua, Aquileia, Treviso, Altino and Concordia (modern Portogruaro) and from the undefended countryside, who were fleeing successive waves of Germanic and Hun invasions.[11] Some late Roman sources reveal the existence of fishermen on the islands in the original marshy lagoons. They were referred to as incolae lacunae ("lagoon dwellers"). The traditional founding is identified with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo at the islet of Rialto (Rivoalto, "High Shore"), which is said to have been at the stroke of noon on 25 March 421.[12][13]
The last and most enduring immigration into the north of the Italian peninsula was that of the Lombards in 568, leaving the Eastern Roman Empire a small strip of coast in the current Veneto, including Venice. The Roman/Byzantine territory was organized as the Exarchate of Ravenna, administered from that ancient port and overseen by a viceroy (the Exarch) appointed by the Emperor in Constantinople, but Ravenna and Venice were connected only by sea routes and with the Venetians' isolated position came increasing autonomy. New ports were built, including those at Malamocco and Torcello in the Venetian lagoon. The tribuni maiores, the earliest central standing governing committee of the islands in the Lagoon, dated from c. 568.[14]
The traditional first doge of Venice, Paolo Lucio Anafesto, was actually Exarch Paul, and his successor, Marcello Tegalliano, Paul's magister militum (General; literally, "Master of Soldiers.") In 726 the soldiers and citizens of the Exarchate rose in a rebellion over the iconoclastic controversy at the urging of Pope Gregory II. The Exarch was murdered and many officials put to flight in the chaos. At about this time, the people of the lagoon elected their own leader for the first time, although the relationship of this ascent to the uprisings is not clear. Ursus would become the first of 117 "doges" (doge is the Venetian dialect development of the Latin dux ("leader"); the corresponding word in English is duke, in standard Italian duce.) Whatever his original views, Ursus supported Emperor Leo's successful military expedition to recover Ravenna, sending both men and ships. In recognition, Venice was "granted numerous privileges and concessions" and Ursus, who had personally taken the field, was confirmed by Leo as dux[15] and given the added title of hypatus (Greek for "Consul".)[16]
In 751, the Lombard King Aistulf conquered most of the Exarchate of Ravenna, leaving Venice a lonely and increasingly autonomous Byzantine outpost. During this period, the seat of the local Byzantine governor (the "duke/dux", later "doge"), was situated in Malamocco. Settlement on the islands in the lagoon probably increased in correspondence with the Lombard conquest of other Byzantine territories as refugees sought asylum in the lagoon city. In 775/776, the episcopal seat of Olivolo (Helipolis) was created. During the reign of duke Agnello Particiaco (811–827), the ducal seat was moved from Malamocco to the highly protected Rialto, the current location of Venice. The monastery of St. Zachary and the first ducal palace and basilica of St. Mark, as well as a walled defense (civitatis murus) between Olivolo and Rialto, were subsequently built here. Winged lions, which may be seen throughout Venice, are a symbol for St. Mark.
Charlemagne sought to subdue the city to his own rule. He ordered the Pope to expel the Venetians from the Pentapolis along the Adriatic coast,[17] and Charlemagne's own son Pepin of Italy, king of the Lombards under the authority of his father, embarked on a siege of Venice itself. This, however, proved a costly failure. The siege lasted six months, with Pepin's army ravaged by the diseases of the local swamps and eventually forced to withdraw. A few months later, Pepin himself died, apparently as a result of a disease contracted there. In the aftermath, an agreement between Charlemagne and Nicephorus in 814 recognized Venice as Byzantine territory and granted the city trading rights along the Adriatic coast.
In 828, the new city's prestige was raised by the acquisition of the claimed relics of St. Mark the Evangelist from Alexandria, which were placed in the new basilica. The patriarchal seat was also moved to Rialto. As the community continued to develop and as Byzantine power waned, it led to the growth of autonomy and eventual independence.[18]
Expansion
Piazza San Marco in Venice, with St Mark's Campanile and Basilica in the background
These Horses of Saint Mark are a replica of the Triumphal Quadriga captured in Constantinople in 1204 and carried to Venice as a trophy.
From the 9th to the 12th century, Venice developed into a city state (an Italian thalassocracy or Repubblica Marinara, the other three being Genoa, Pisa, and Amalfi). Its strategic position at the head of the Adriatic made Venetian naval and commercial power almost invulnerable. With the elimination of pirates along the Dalmatian coast, the city became a flourishing trade center between Western Europe and the rest of the world (especially the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic world).
The Republic of Venice seized a number of places on the eastern shores of the Adriatic before 1200, mostly for commercial reasons, because pirates based there were a menace to trade. The Doge already carried the titles of Duke of Dalmatia and Duke of Istria. Later mainland possessions, which extended across Lake Garda as far west as the Adda River, were known as the "Terraferma", and were acquired partly as a buffer against belligerent neighbours, partly to guarantee Alpine trade routes, and partly to ensure the supply of mainland wheat, on which the city depended. In building its maritime commercial empire, the Republic dominated the trade in salt,[19] acquired control of most of the islands in the Aegean, including Cyprus and Crete, and became a major power-broker in the Near East. By the standards of the time, Venice's stewardship of its mainland territories was relatively enlightened and the citizens of such towns as Bergamo, Brescia and Verona rallied to the defence of Venetian sovereignty when it was threatened by invaders.
Venice remained closely associated with Constantinople, being twice granted trading privileges in the Eastern Roman Empire, through the so-called Golden Bulls or 'chrysobulls' in return for aiding the Eastern Empire to resist Norman and Turkish incursions. In the first chrysobull, Venice acknowledged its homage to the Empire but not in the second, reflecting the decline of Byzantium and the rise of Venice's power.[20][21]
Venice became an imperial power following the Fourth Crusade, which, having veered off course, culminated in 1204 by capturing and sacking Constantinople and establishing the Latin Empire. As a result of this conquest, considerable Byzantine plunder was brought back to Venice. This plunder included the gilt bronze horses from the Hippodrome of Constantinople, which were originally placed above the entrance to St Mark's cathedral in Venice, although the originals have been replaced with replicas and are now stored within the basilica. Following the fall of Constantinople, the former Roman Empire was partitioned among the Latin crusaders and the Venetians. Venice subsequently carved out a sphere of influence in the Mediterranean known as the Duchy of the Archipelago, and captured Crete.[22]
The seizure of Constantinople would ultimately prove as decisive a factor in ending the Byzantine Empire as the loss of the Anatolian themes after Manzikert. Although the Byzantines recovered control of the ravaged city a half century later, the Byzantine Empire was terminally weakened, and existed as a ghost of its old self until Sultan Mehmet The Conqueror took the city in 1453.
View of San Giorgio Maggiore Island from St. Mark's Campanile
Situated on the Adriatic Sea, Venice always traded extensively with the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim world. By the late 13th century, Venice was the most prosperous city in all of Europe. At the peak of its power and wealth, it had 36,000 sailors operating 3,300 ships, dominating Mediterranean commerce. During this time, Venice's leading families vied with each other to build the grandest palaces and support the work of the greatest and most talented artists. The city was governed by the Great Council, which was made up of members of the noble families of Venice. The Great Council appointed all public officials and elected a Senate of 200 to 300 individuals. Since this group was too large for efficient administration, a Council of Ten (also called the Ducal Council or the Signoria), controlled much of the administration of the city. One member of the great council was elected "Doge", or duke, the ceremonial head of the city, who normally held the title until his death.
The Venetian governmental structure was similar in some ways to the republican system of ancient Rome, with an elected chief executive (the Doge), a senate-like assembly of nobles, and a mass of citizens with limited political power, who originally had the power to grant or withhold their approval of each newly elected Doge. Church and various private properties were tied to military service, although there was no knight tenure within the city itself. The Cavalieri di San Marco was the only order of chivalry ever instituted in Venice, and no citizen could accept or join a foreign order without the government's consent. Venice remained a republic throughout its independent period, and politics and the military were kept separate, except when on occasion the Doge personally headed the military. War was regarded as a continuation of commerce by other means (hence, the city's early production of large numbers of mercenaries for service elsewhere, and later its reliance on foreign mercenaries when the ruling class was preoccupied with commerce).
Francesco Guardi, The Grand Canal, 1760 (Art Institute of Chicago)
The chief executive was the Doge, who theoretically held his elective office for life. In practice, several Doges were forced by pressure from their oligarchical peers to resign the office and retire into monastic seclusion when they were felt to have been discredited by perceived political failure.
Although the people of Venice generally remained orthodox Roman Catholics, the state of Venice was notable for its freedom from religious fanaticism and it enacted not a single execution for religious heresy during the Counter-Reformation. This apparent lack of zeal contributed to Venice's frequent conflicts with the Papacy. In this context, the writings of the Anglican Divine, William Bedell, are particularly illuminating. Venice was threatened with the interdict on a number of occasions and twice suffered its imposition. The second, most famous, occasion was in 1606, by order of Pope Paul V.
Venetian ambassadors sent home still-extant secret reports of the politics and rumours of European courts, providing fascinating information to modern historians.
The newly invented German printing press spread rapidly throughout Europe in the 15th century, and Venice was quick to adopt it. By 1482, Venice was the printing capital of the world, and the leading printer was Aldus Manutius, who invented the concept of paperback books that could be carried in a saddlebag. His Aldine Editions included translations of nearly all the known Greek manuscripts of the era.[23]
Decline
The Grand Canal in Venice
Venice's long decline started in the 15th century, when it first made an unsuccessful attempt to hold Thessalonica against the Ottomans (1423–1430). It also sent ships to help defend Constantinople against the besieging Turks (1453). After Constantinople fell to Sultan Mehmet II he declared war on Venice. The war lasted thirty years and cost Venice much of its eastern Mediterranean possessions. Next, Christopher Columbus discovered the New World. Then Portugal found a sea route to India, destroying Venice's land route monopoly. France, England and the Dutch Republic followed them. Venice's oared galleys were at a disadvantage when it came to traversing the great oceans, and therefore Venice was left behind in the race for colonies.
The Black Death devastated Venice in 1348 and once again between 1575 and 1577.[24] In three years the plague killed some 50,000 people.[25] In 1630, the plague killed a third of Venice's 150,000 citizens.[26] Venice began to lose its position as a center of international trade during the later part of the Renaissance as Portugal became Europe's principal intermediary in the trade with the East, striking at the very foundation of Venice's great wealth, while France and Spain fought for hegemony over Italy in the Italian Wars, marginalising its political influence. However, the Venetian empire was a major exporter of agricultural products and, until the mid-18th century, a significant manufacturing center.
Modern age[edit source | editbeta]
A map of the sestiere of San Marco
The Republic lost independence when Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Venice on 12 May 1797 during the First Coalition. The French conqueror brought to an end the most fascinating century of its history: during the 18th century, Venice became perhaps the most elegant and refined city in Europe, greatly influencing art, architecture and literature. Napoleon was seen as something of a liberator by the city's Jewish population, although it can be argued they had lived with fewer restrictions in Venice. He removed the gates of the Ghetto and ended the restrictions on when and where Jews could live and travel in the city.
Venice became Austrian territory when Napoleon signed the Treaty of Campo Formio on 12 October 1797. The Austrians took control of the city on 18 January 1798. It was taken from Austria by the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805 and became part of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy, but was returned to Austria following Napoleon's defeat in 1814, when it became part of the Austrian-held Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia. In 1848–1849, a revolt briefly reestablished the Venetian Republic under Daniele Manin. In 1866, following the Third Italian War of Independence, Venice, along with the rest of the Veneto, became part of the newly created Kingdom of Italy.
During the Second World War, the historic city was largely free from attack, the only aggressive effort of note being Operation Bowler, a successful Royal Air Force precision strike on the German naval operations there in March 1945. The targets were destroyed with virtually no architectural damage done the city itself.[27] However the industrial areas in Mestre and Marghera and the railway lines to Padua, Trieste and Trento were repeatedly bombed.[28] On 29 April 1945, New Zealand troops under Freyberg reached Venice and relieved the city and the mainland, which were already in partisan hands.[29]
Subsidence[edit source | editbeta]
Further information: Acqua alta
Acqua alta or high water in Venice.
Venice and surroundings in false colour, from Terra. The picture is oriented with North at the top.
Foundations
The buildings of Venice are constructed on closely spaced wooden piles. Most of these piles are still intact after centuries of submersion. The foundations rest on the piles, and buildings of brick or stone sit above these footings. The piles penetrate a softer layer of sand and mud until they reach a much harder layer of compressed clay.
Submerged by water, in oxygen-poor conditions, wood does not decay as rapidly as on the surface.
Most of these piles were made from trunks of alder trees,[30] a wood noted for its water resistance.[31] The alder came from the westernmost part of today's Slovenia (resulting in the barren land of the Kras region), in two regions of Croatia, Lika and Gorski kotar (resulting in the barren slopes of Velebit) and south of Montenegro.[citation needed] Leonid Grigoriev has stated that Russian larch was imported to build some of Venice's foundations.[32] Larch is also used in the production of Venice turpentine.[33]
History[edit source | editbeta]
The city is often threatened by flood tides pushing in from the Adriatic between autumn and early spring. Six hundred years ago, Venetians protected themselves from land-based attacks by diverting all the major rivers flowing into the lagoon and thus preventing sediment from filling the area around the city. This created an ever-deeper lagoon environment.
In 1604, to defray the cost of flood relief, Venice introduced what could be considered the first example of a 'stamp tax'. When the revenue fell short of expectations in 1608, Venice introduced paper with the superscription 'AQ' and imprinted instructions, which was to be used for 'letters to officials'. At first, this was to be a temporary tax, but it remained in effect until the fall of the Republic in 1797. Shortly after the introduction of the tax, Spain produced similar paper for general taxation purposes, and the practice spread to other countries.
During the 20th century, when many artesian wells were sunk into the periphery of the lagoon to draw water for local industry, Venice began to subside. It was realised that extraction of water from the aquifer was the cause. The sinking has slowed markedly since artesian wells were banned in the 1960s. However, the city is still threatened by more frequent low-level floods (called Acqua alta, "high water") that creep to a height of several centimetres over its quays, regularly following certain tides. In many old houses, the former staircases used to unload goods are now flooded, rendering the former ground floor uninhabitable.
Some recent studies have suggested that the city is no longer sinking,[34][35] but this is not yet certain; therefore, a state of alert has not been revoked. In May 2003, the Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi inaugurated the MOSE project (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico), an experimental model for evaluating the performance of hollow floatable gates; the idea is to fix a series of 78 hollow pontoons to the sea bed across the three entrances to the lagoon. When tides are predicted to rise above 110 centimetres, the pontoons will be filled with air, causing them to float and block the incoming water from the Adriatic Sea. This engineering work is due to be completed by 2014.[36]
Geography
Sestieri of Venice:
Cannaregio
Castello
Dorsoduro
San Marco
San Polo
Santa Croce
The historical city is divided into six areas or "sestiere" (while the whole comune (municipality) is divided into 6 boroughs of which one is composed of all 6 sestiere). These are Cannaregio, San Polo, Dorsoduro (including the Giudecca and Isola Sacca Fisola), Santa Croce, San Marco (including San Giorgio Maggiore) and Castello (including San Pietro di Castello and Sant'Elena). Each sestiere was administered by a procurator and his staff. Nowadays each sestiere is a statistic and historical area without any degree of autonomy.
These districts consist of parishes – initially seventy in 1033, but reduced under Napoleon and now numbering just thirty-eight. These parishes predate the sestieri, which were created in about 1170.
Other islands of the Venetian Lagoon do not form part of any of the sestieri, having historically enjoyed a considerable degree of autonomy.
Each sestiere has its own house numbering system. Each house has a unique number in the district, from one to several thousand, generally numbered from one corner of the area to another, but not usually in a readily understandable manner.
Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification, Venice has a Humid subtropical climate (Cfa), with cool winters and very warm summers. The 24-hour average in January is 2.5 °C (36.5 °F), and for July this figure is 22.7 °C (72.9 °F). Precipitation is spread relatively evenly throughout the year, and averages 801 millimetres (31.5 in).
►►► Explore the world of HDR with me at farbspiel-photo.com - View. Learn. Connect.
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About | HDR Cookbook | Before-and-After | Making-of | Pics to play with
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The story of this photo:
This shot was taken in Sidi Bou Said, a place near Tunis where many artists (also western artists) were staying to seek inspiration. This town was famous for inspiring artists. All buildings in this town are white with blue windows and doors. This gives the place a unique look. Today it is a major tourist attraction that is probably not missing on any guided tour through Tunis.
Take a look at my "HDR Cookbook"! It contains some more information on my techniques.
How it was shot:
> Taken handheld
> Camera: Nikon D90
> Lens: Sigma 10-20mm F3,5 EX DC HSM
> Details can be found here
How it was tonemapped:
> Preparation: developed the raw files with ACR mainly in order to reduce the CA [details]
> HDR creation and tonemapping using Photomatix version 3.1 (Detail Enhancer)
> Saved as 16bit TIF
How it was post-processed:
> Post-processing was done in Photoshop
> Topaz Adjust on the entire image to get back the colors and the details [details]
> Topaz Denoise (on the sky and the foreground separately - more aggressively on the sky) [details]
> Saturation layer on the sky (increased master)
> Levels layer on the sky (increased brightness)
> Saturation layer on the clouds (desaturation)
> Saturation layer on the foreground (increased master)
> Levels layer on the foreground (increased contrast)
> Saturation layer on the white walls (decreased blues to remove a blue cast)
> Vignette effect using a masked fill layer [details]
> Sharpening on the foreground using the high-pass filter [details]
> Sharpening on the sky using the high-pass filter (less aggressive) [details]
> Perspective correction and cropping
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Learn these techniques at farbspiel-photo.com - View. Learn. Connect.
- Thanks for viewing!
India, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Zebu
For our return journey from Kerala to Goa, we decided to take the small country roads through Tamil Nadu off the usual tourist tracks. On the way we saw some cattle transports, but the cattle on one truck looked different, so we listened to our gut feeling & drove blindly behind the truck. Each time a sure sign that we approaching a cattle market was increasing amount of cattle on the road in both ways, like this photo of Zebus on the road from Kumily
The Zebu, a cow from tropical countries that can endure extremely hot summers, bred for milk & meat. In India, the zebu is considered sacred by the Hindus, for the farmers it is a first class working animal, it is mainly kept for its milk and the products derived from it.
Also are there Zebus crossed with Western breeds to increase milk production. As a result, one of its defining features is disappearing: the hump.
The zebu is a humpback cattle. It descends from ancestors of today's bovid breeds that were domesticated on the Indian peninsula 10,000 years ago. From there it came to Africa, Australia, Central America & Latin America, where it was kept intensively alongside other animals through successive selection.
In order to defy global warming, Swiss breeders are increasingly relying on Zebus. Because the animals produce high-quality meat, are resistant to numerous diseases, their milk production does not decrease at high temperatures & they even give birth to calves in summer.
📌…The hump of the zebu is the best cut of the zebu's meat. In Bello Horizonte, Brazil, I had the finest Zebu hump in an authentic “Churrascaria”, the best ones are found at the highway service stations. This is because the truck drivers go where they get not only high quality meat & fast service at long tables with white tablecloths.
📍…The owner showed me his back of the house, his semi-open restaurant with 8 musicians live music & about 300 employees for the 10,000-15,000 guests per day. He explained & showed me how the 4 to 6 kg zebu hump becomes a delicacy that can compete easily with Prime Rib, Kobe, Wagyu & any "aged" steak.
The heavily marbled meat is rubbed in with butter & a few spices, wrapped in greaseproof paper & placed on a long skewer, horizontally slowly rotating for 16 hours over the still glowing charcoal, which is already covered with ash & “grilled” without the paper burning . The juicy, marbled, aromatic & despite the paper with a light crust & roasted aromas was spectacular. I have never seen this type of zebu hump preparation in other countries.
👉 One World one Dream,
🙏...Danke, Xièxie 谢谢, Thanks, Gracias, Merci, Grazie, Obrigado, Arigatô, Dhanyavad, Chokrane to you & over
17 million visits in my photostream with countless motivating comments
From their origins in 1946 as a traditional country independent coach operator, Trathens built up the business significantly during the 1970s with an increasing amount of contract holiday tour work which saw their coaches operating all over the UK and Europe, often in liveries other than their own (which was generally white and red, the red morphing into trendy 1970s stripes as the decade progressed). They’d spotted a gap in the market for using higher-spec coaches and capitalising on the rising demand for people wishing to take a break sur le continent. These were the days of holiday coach shuttles to and from Spain and the south of France – the modern era of cheap, no-frills airlines was still some way off. Trathens had a knack of being quick to spot trends and to take advantage of new opportunities.
The 1970s had already seen the company switch to Volvo chassis - newly available in the UK - usually with standard Plaxton or Duple bodywork but occasionally with the more boldly-styled Continental bodies now being offered by Caetano or Van Hool. No doubt these were intended to be eye-catching and to stand out. Trathens was always looking to keep one step ahead and thus were early pioneers of high-quality, heavyweight coaches with toilets and all mod-cons. Imported coaches were rare at the time; it wasn’t until the end of the 1970s that a wider selection of overseas builders’ bodywork became more readily available in this country, plus full integrals from the likes of MAN, and then from Neoplan and Van Hool. Trathens tried them all!
By the early 1980s they were enthusiastic users of foreign-built coaches, which were generally seen as better built, better equipped and better looking than those offered by the UK builders. Certainly their coaches’ exotic looks made them very distinctive and this, combined with Trathens’ by now white livery with bright red, orange and yellow stripes and bold lettering meant that their visibility was high and their branding strong. As well as full double-deckers, the company was also a keen buyer of what were known as semi-deckers - striking, high-floor coaches with a rear lounge on the lower level, very much a brief early-Eighties fashion but very cool and glamorous at the time and most definitely the height of modernity!
Deregulation of express coach services in 1980 provided another opportunity and saw the company launch daily services from Plymouth and Exeter to London. They weren’t the only ones, of course – Glennline and Wallace Arnold (the latter under the ‘British Coachways’ umbrella) also competed – but Trathens’ huge, brightly coloured, double-deck Neoplan Skyliners with on-board toilets, refreshments, video systems and hostess service were highly visible and attracted most of the attention together with a lot of the bookings. A year or so of strong competition was more than enough for National Express, who were slow off the mark with a high quality offering and a better class of coaches. It would come – known as ‘Rapide’ with high-floor Tigers, the ill-fated Dennis Falcon Vs and double-deck Metroliners – but Trathens had stolen a march and eventually the two operators’ Westcountry to London services were brought together and run jointly. It saw National Express ‘Rapide’ logos added to the sides of Trathens’ Skyliners and Trathens names affixed to the sides of the Falcon Vs and came with the additional advantage of access to Victoria Coach Station, rather than the rather more basic terminus of the now defunct Gloucester Road Coach Station in west London. National Express then leased several Trathens coaches, so it could launch Rapide services elsewhere, such as South Wales and the North East, until its contractors could obtain their own high-spec vehicles.
At the same time, Trathens had a rapidly expanding holiday operation in their own right. They still undertook contract work but a growing proportion of the business was now the ’Trathens Holidays’ coach tour operation and shuttle services to the Med, for which more and more luxuriously appointed coaches were arriving. And arrive they did - in considerable numbers - often staying in the fleet for just a couple of years before being moved on. Come the early 1980s there was next to nothing British-built in the frontline fleet, it was all Neoplan, MAN or Van Hool integrals or Berkhof, Padane and Irizar bodies on Volvo and Mercedes chassis. I say the ‘frontline’ fleet as there was still a small contingent of the old and mundane kept back for the far less exotic local school contracts.
There were other strands of the business too. Trathens were early pioneers in the burgeoning band-bus business which was barely existent in the 1970s but by the early 1980s had started to resemble what we know today, and in 1983 the company cemented its position by buying the Edwin Shirley Bussing business. It was Edwin Shirley, known for the Edwin Shirley Trucking operation which specialised in transporting pop and rock bands’ equipment between venues, who is generally credited with inventing the idea of band-buses.
There were also operations in London. The Culturebus ‘hop-on, hop-off’ sightseeing tour business was acquired in 1984 and even prior to that, a growing demand for holiday tour pick-ups for groups flying into Heathrow and Gatwick had seen a depot opened in Brentford, complete with an additional engineering base. It meant that Trathens usefully had facilities at each end of the Westcountry to London coach service route.
Not content with that, a further base was opened at Orange, in the south of France. This provided hotel, restaurant and maintenance facilities, not just for Trathens’ own coaches and drivers but for those of other operators too.
Back in Devon, the expanding fleet had needed a larger base and in 1982 the operation moved from Yelverton to a spacious complex based on Roborough House just outside Plymouth. Purpose-built workshops, a large car park and ‘departure lounge’ facilities for coach tour passengers suggested that the company was set-up for the long-term. However, it was not to be. Rapid expansion during the recession of the early 1980s, rising costs and a sudden down-turn in demand for coach holiday shuttles and tours conspired to bring down a number of coach operators who were big players in these markets, not just Trathens but the likes of Derek Randell, Roman City and Cotters too. Trathens had tried to downsize and they’d tried to sell off Roborough House but simply ran out of time and money. In September 1985, the bubble burst and the receivers were called in.
Bit by bit, the assets were sold. The London operations and the Starider band bus business went to Len Wright, Culturebus went to Ensign and the Rapide services went to Yelloway. As it happened, the latter (and its successors) would keep the Trathen name alive for another twenty-four years - even private hire work and the Starider business would be restarted but things could never be the same again.
The depot and workshop facilities at Roborough were sold to Royal Mail and survive today as a Parcelforce site. Roborough House itself is now a care home and neurological centre.
Surprisingly, perhaps, for most of its existence, Trathens had been a partnership, a limited company only being formed in 1984. Looking back, it’s easy to see signs of trouble. New coach deliveries had dried up and those that did arrive were all for the London fleet and being either DAFs with Caetano Algarve or Duple Caribbean bodies, or Bova-Duple Calypsos, were far from the expensive exotica that the company was so well known for. The final new coach was however more in-keeping, being a Neoplan Skyliner but that was almost certainly an insurance replacement for Jonckheere decker A57 OTA which had been destroyed by fire when only two months old.
The days of intensive coach shuttles to the Mediterranean sun-spots were also numbered and arguably this was one key trend which Trathens didn’t spot early enough. Passengers were turning towards air travel, flights were quicker than coach shuttles and airline prices were falling. The early 1980s had also seen much more interest from the authorities regarding policing of drivers’ hours and the introduction of tachographs, which, whilst important from a professional and safety point of view, inevitably restricted operators’ flexibility and added to their costs. Indeed, being fined for tachograph infringements in 1982, was one reason that Trathens had bought the service area facility at Orange in France. Sadly, a fatal accident involving a Trathens coach on the M5, in September 1984, heralded another investigation into the operator’s working practices leading to further fines for drivers’ hours and tachograph offences being levied on the people involved, although by the time this all came to court, the company itself had already gone under.
I don’t have many Trathens photos and the ones I did take were all on a cheap instamatic camera... but anyway here’s Volvo B10M / Jonckheere Jubilee P90, A147 JTA (47), seen in Bampfylde Street in Exeter on 5 June 1984 when around ten months old. This coach passed to Kettlewells of Retford when Trathens ceased and it’s still there in 2017. Two owners from new and it’s now over 33 years old. Amazing!
White light: Takahaski 120 mm 1.4X extender Lunt wedge Televue 2X powermate Nikon Z8
Calcium light: Lunt 80 mm Lunt calcium module Televue 2X powermate ZWO 1294 camera.
Sunspot 3976-8 is large and complex and in calcium shows activity that might yet ramp up to a significant flare.
The Unistar backed shipments to Savareen had been increasing over the last few months. It became clear to SCS Command that they were preparing for a hostile takeover of the planet. In order to protect the Imperial assets on the ground, dozens of anti-aircraft guns were set up along the 20 mile beach head. Their orders were to blast any ship with yellow markings out of the sky. It wasn’t long before the enemy cargo ships started arriving with starfighter escorts.
“2 targets on the horizon” yelled the spotter with his macrobinoculars held up to his eyes.
The stormtrooper manning the gun stood up and recalibrated the gunsight settings. “Distance: 5000 feet. Height: 650 feet” he called out.
The spotter relayed the changing distance in response. “4900 feet…4800 feet…4700 -“
“Target acquired” confirmed the gunner.
The twin barrelled gun fired short controlled bursts, pausing intermittently to recalibrate its aim.
“Hit” yelled the spotter over the noise as the crew watched the cargo ship nose dive into the ocean. There were some jeers and pats on the back for the gunner before the spotter interrupted them with an update.
“The escorts not turning around” he warned. “2900 feet”
The gunner snapped his attention back to his weapon and readjusted the targeting system. He fired and watched the blue laser blasts sail over the fighter bearing down on them.
“He’s dropping low” shouted the spotter.
“These guns weren’t made for hitting fighters” thought the gunner, missing again.
“1500 feet and closing!”
“I need a reload!” yelled the gunner.
The fighter was nearly close enough to see the pilot inside the cockpit now. His weapon systems were in range and in seconds he had lit up the beach forcing the anti-air crew to hit the deck. The gunner kept firing.
“HIT!” he yelled as the smoking fighter crashed into the tree line behind them.
Dusting themselves off, they waited for the explosion. None came.
“No fire” said the spotter grinning. They called it in and the remains of the fighter were recovered. The pilot was in pieces but the fighter was still partially intact.
“IDMR are gonna have a field day with this” said the gunner. “They’ve been looking for a Unistar fighter since that pilot defected.”
Active Assignment Weekly - Begins With "B"
AAW Apr. 1-8, 2024.
Branches
Black & white
Increased contrast and manipulated exposure, highlights and shadows.
So here goes the Sunday church shot. This is the main sanctuary of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York. The last time I was here, the sanctuary was closed so had to return back with a shot of the chapel.
See it BIG.
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[Photo Specs]
- No HDR. Digital blending of 3 exposures (3 secs to 30 secs) at f/10, ISO 100 using Photoshop smartobjects
- Layer of curves for contrast
- Layer of saturation (reduced master and yellow, increased red)
- Channel mixer adjustment (green) to bring out the real colors of the green walls and the ceiling
- Layer of unsharp mask at the end
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Explore highest position # 24 on Feb 24, 2009.
Friends, thank you for your visit, comments, and faves.
A thing of beauty is a joy forever; Its loveliness increases; it will never Pass into nothingness." — John Keats. 1795-1821 Endymion. Book i
A purple flower for Purple Day.
Purple Day - 26 March will be the official day that increases awareness of epilepsy all across the globe. So what has the colour purple got to do with epilepsy?
Well the answer is that lavender is the international colour for epilepsy. Why? Because the lavender flower is often related to the isolation and loneliness that people suffering from the condition often feel.
The colour was actually chosen by a girl called Cassidy Megan, who launched the day with the help of the Epilepsy Association of Nova Scotia. The aim is for people suffering to feel less alone!
The reason its so important to get this message spreading around the world is because 50 million people suffer from the epilepsy worldwide. An MP in Canada has even introduced the Purple Day Act to parliament in Canada - lets hope they pass that bill!
Unfortunately there is often a stigma attached to epilepsy - a stigma that needs to be eradicated. While some people will remember their seizure, and others will have no memory of it happening, depending on the type of seizure that they have encountered. Although there is no cure currently, avoiding triggers is said to help.
Triggers include stress, a bad sleeping pattern, exposure to flashing lights and forgetting to take medication.
So what can you do to help? You could become an Ambassador of Purple where you live. This basically means getting your purple gear on and educating loved ones and local politicians about epilepsy.
Whether you decide to be an ambassador or not, your role wil be similar. Get your purple clothes on, even paint yourself purple learn the quick facts by visiting the Purple Day to raise awareness and show people you know what you're talking about! Plan a fundraising event, any sort of event that involves the colour purple, whether it be a bakesale with purple cupcakes or something else you can think of!
I took this shot using a 4x macro filter and a macro led ring light.
One of the features of the Sk8 Park in Grimsby, Ontario is a group of small billboard-style panels specifically intended to host the artistic expressions of those visiting the site. As a result, graffiti is encouraged in places that are acceptable. Furthermore, periodic cleanup of the panels by town staff ensures regular refreshment of the subject matter. This image was taken in mid-February, the dead of Winter, so the snow-covered park was not in regular use and had not been for several months. The last round of painting had been ignored, likely waiting for Spring to get a refresh, with the consequence being the multiple layers of paint had weathered and flaked off leaving colourful abstracts when viewed up close. This section features and area with yellow and green patches. - JW
Date Taken: 2019-02-21
Taken using a hand-held Nikon D7100 fitted with an AF-S DX Nikkor 12-24mm 1:4 lense set to 12mm, Daylight WB, ISO100, Program mode, f/8.0, 1/250 sec. PP in free open Source RAWTherapee from Nikon RAW/NEF source file: set final image width to 9000px, adjust Tone Curve 2 in parametric mode by darkening the ‘Darks’ and ‘Lights’ slightly, enable HDR Tone Mapping and apply a light amount of HDR, enable Shadows/Highlights and recover highlights just enough that the ‘white’ areas of paint show detail/texture, boost contrast and Chromaticity in L-A-B mode, set White Balance to Daylight (5300K), boost Vibrance, sharpen (edges only), save. PP in free Open Source GIMP: increase overall contrast, fine tune overall tonality using the Tone Curves tool, sharpen, save, scale image to 6000px wide, sharpen slightly, save, add fine black-and-white frame, add bar and text on left, save, scale image to 2048px wide for posting online, sharpen slightly, save.
The increase of population spurs technological progress and creates that anxiety which sets us against our environment as an enemy; while technology both facilitates increase of population and reinforces our arrogance, or "hubris," vis-à-vis the natural environment.
The attached diagram illustrates the interconnections. It will be noted that in this diagram each corner is clockwise, denoting that each is by itself a self-promoting (or, as the scientists say,"auto catalytic") phenomenon: the bigger the population, the faster it grows; the more technology we have, the faster the rate of new invention; and the more we believe in our "power" over an enemy environment, the more "power" we seem to have and the more spiteful the environment seems to be.
(for the diagram see: www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/ecology/sick.htm )
... The ideas which dominate our civilization at the present time date in their most virulent form from the
Industrial Revolution. They may be summarized as:
(a) It's us against the environment.
(b) It's us against other men.
(c) It's the 'individual (or the individual company, or the individual nation) that matters.
(d) We can have unilateral control over the environment and must strive for that control.
(e) We live within an infinitely expanding "frontier."
(f) Economic determinism is common sense.
(g) Technology will do it for us.
We submit that these ideas are simply proved false by the great but ultimately destructive achievements of our technology in the last 150 years. Likewise they appear to be false under modern ecological theory. The creature that wins against its environment destroys itself.
Gregory Bateson, "The Roots of Ecological Crisis" (1972)..YES 1972 !!!!!
Playa de La Zurriola, Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España.
La Playa de Zurriola es una de las tres playas de la ciudad de San Sebastián (España). Está situada entre la desembocadura del río Urumea y el monte Ulía, y tiene una longitud aproximada de 800 metros.
En 1994 se llevaron a cabo unas obras de reforma de la playa, anteriormente prácticamente inutilizable dada la virulencia de las aguas. Gracias a dichas reformas, que incluyeron la construcción de un espigón, la playa aumentó su longitud, sus aguas se hicieron aptas para el baño y su uso se multiplicó.
Frente al perfil elegante y tranquilo de las playas de Ondarreta y La Concha, la playa de Zurriola se ha consolidado como una playa de perfil más joven y apropiada para la práctica del surfismo (se trata de la playa más abierta y con más fuerte oleaje de la ciudad) y como escenario de algunos conciertos del Festival de Jazz de San Sebastián y de competiciones de Bodyboarding, surf, skateboarding y eventos similares.
The Zurriola Beach is one of the three beaches in the city of San Sebastián (Spain). It is located between the mouth of the Urumea River and Mount Ulía, and it has an approximate length of 800 meters.
In 1994, some works were carried out to reform the beach, which was previously practically unusable given the virulence of the waters. Thanks to these reforms, which included the construction of a jetty, the beach increased its length, its waters became suitable for bathing and its use multiplied.
Facing the elegant and tranquil profile of the beaches of Ondarreta and La Concha, Zurriola beach has established itself as a beach with a younger profile and suitable for surfing (it is the most open beach with the strongest waves in the the city) and as a stage for some concerts of the San Sebastian Jazz Festival and competitions of Bodyboarding, surfing, skateboarding and similar events.
A flock is a group of birds
A flock is a group of birds felicitating flocking behavior in flight, birds may also sacrifice feeding efficiency in a flock to gain other benefits. The principal benefits are safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency. Defense against predators is y important in closed habitats such as forests
Nightcliff is a northern suburb of the city of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, and is set on the shores of Darwin Harbour (named after Charles Darwin).
Although the origin of the name Nightcliff has always been surrounded by conjecture and controversy, the naming can be tracked back to 8 September 1839 (the time of discovery of Port Darwin/Darwin Harbour by European explorers). Early that day, HMS Beagle, which was engaged on an excursion of the Australian coast, sailed into the area and anchored in Shoal Bay near Hope Inlet. John Lort Stokes, William Forsyth and several other crew members left Beagle on a longboat for an excursion and passed around Lee Point, in the vicinity of which, there appeared to be a major opening. Stokes was later to record.
"The sea breeze setting in early, we did not reach it till after dark, when we landed for observations at a cliffy projection near the eastern entrance point: this we found to be composed of a kind of clay, mixed with calcareous matter. We had some difficulty in landing, and then in scrambling up the cliffs by the light of a lantern. If any of the watchful natives happened at the time to be on the look out, they must have stood in astonishment at beholding such strange persons, who at such a time of night, with no ostensible object were visiting their shores".
The term 'Night Cliff' was thus applied to the locality, and it subsequently appeared in this form on Surveyor-General George W. Goyder's original plan of 1869. Goyder also mentioned the locality a couple of times in the diary he kept as leader of the Northern Territory Survey Expedition.
The Nightcliff foreshore was the site of Royal Australian Air Force camps with spotlights and large guns used to defend Darwin from Japanese aircraft bombing during the Second World War. During 1941, a naval outpost including a large concrete artillery outpost bunker was established on the headland. Various other defence facilities were constructed inland as large numbers of military personnel moved into the area. The 2/14 Field Regiment A.I.F. (Australian Infantry Force) was given the task of planning and constructing a hutted camp which became known as "Night Cliff's Camp". After the war, increasing pressure for suburban development caused the Nomenclature Committee of the N.T. to officially name the area on 29 October 1948. The conjoint version of the name, "Nightcliff" was adopted.
Today, a long footpath along the foreshore of Nightcliff is used for walking and cycling, particularly in the evenings after work. Along the footpath there is Nightcliff Jetty, Nightcliff Beach and Nightcliff Swimming Pool.
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Sony ﾐﾗｰﾚｽｶﾒﾗの凄さを実感。
2015*11*18 上田ｺｳﾉﾄﾘ、J0041こと、ゆきちゃん、住宅街の電柱にお昼頃。朝は、水抜中のため池でﾄﾞｼﾞｮｳ等を捕食と、地元の方よりご連絡頂きました。2月になると、今年も昨年も、ペアを求めてか飛び立ちましたが、余程上田の塩田平ため池群の食、住環境が、気に入っているようで、昨年同様夏には、上田市に戻り今日現在も滞在中です。明日は、息子の推薦入試。繊維学部と言えば何処か、わかってしまいそうですが、私が写真を撮り続けるきっかけは、この我が子供たちへ伝えたい事があるからです。それは、自分の身の回りの人や環境にふれあい、現場を知ることにより、学問は活かされると伝えたいのです。仕事も、教育も、政治も、もう少し現場主義で行きませんか？そう話すと、子供らは、笑いますが。しかし、机上の空論を、教壇で、議事堂で今日も繰り広げるこの瞬間にも、この日本の世の中が何処に向かってるのかを考えると、もうそつなくこなせばいいと言う、そんな時代ではないと私達大人が認識すべきだと思います。写真も人生も、世の中も、ただ綺麗に仕上げたものだけを見たい訳じゃない。その裏側にある真実を知りたい、真実の姿を観察した上で、これからの世の中の、子供らの、そして自分の行く先の対策を見据えたいだけなのです。人間は欲張りで、美味しいものばかり頂き過ぎると、苦いものを噛みしめてみたくなる。そうして、心や、己の人生のホメオスタシスを保とうとしているのかも知れません。
In JAPAN ,Oriental white stork is designated and protected as one of the special national species. TOYO -OKA in Hyogo prefecture has contributed to the protection for many years. Thanks to the effort, the number of the storks has been increasing recently . Two years ago, one of them flew all the way from Toyo - oka to our town UEDA city in NAGANO. After that, she has visited and stayed here in UEDA many times , especially around the district of SHIODA DAIRA. It's said that there are more than 60 ponds called TAMEIKE used for rice farming . So she seems to like these surroundings as variety kinds of food or living things are available for her good appetite.
昨日朝に🆙して、すでに本日早朝、2000近い、閲覧数なのですが、何処かにリンクされているようです。海外のようです。
Engineering work being carried out on the Calder Valley line this week has seen an increase in freight traffic over the Standedge route 60096 is seen on the approach to Diggle Junction with a diverted Liverpool Bulk Terminal to Drax Power Station Biomass train.
American's N810AN gets a wipe-down.
American Airlines Boeing 787-8 (N810AN)
cn: 40628/339
Built in 2015
A shot that I did back in 2006, during my senior year in high school while sitting in Creative Writing class. It is of an acquaintance of mine named (obviously) Martierra. The original version wasn't that good, so I played around with in using GIMP. I think that it came out pretty well, almost serene. Her facial expression and the candidness of the shot make me love this photo even more. Some people have criticized this shot as going a bit overboard with the softglow, but I think it is at the right level. However, one thing that I will admit, is when I increased the size of it, the resolution went downhill. Also, I used a relatively cheap digital camera to take the shot. But, even with those restraints, I think it turned out well.
(Photo taken by Johnthan Speed
March 3, 2006)
During the first half of the 19th century an increase in the coastal passenger and commercial trade brought many ships along the north coast of Cornwall. St Ives flourished as a fishing station but claimed many victims crossing the ocean. In 1854 a steamer was wrecked with the loss of all passengers and crew and so it was decided to provide an aid to navigation to mark the hazard, erecting a lighthouse. The white octagonal tower, 26 metres high, is sited together with its adjoining keepers' cottages almost in the centre of the largest of the rocks.
'Take A View' Landscape Photographer Of The Year 2012 competition
I was delighted to find that this image of the Sage Gateshead and the Tyne Bridge and the Olympic rings had won a commended place in the Landscape Photographer Of The Year 2012 Collection:6 book, and that it will also be printed as part of the exhibition beginning Nov 12th at the National Theatre.
Another of my Sage shots made it through to collection: 5 last year too :-), so double yays!
Thanks to Brian Kerr who took phone shots of my pic in the book and emailed them to me on Friday as I wasn't due to receive my copy until the next day and I just couldn't wait to see it!
Save a Life, Surrender your Knife.
Increase The Peace, Keep Knives Off The Street.
Cowards Carry Knives.
Project Zao
#DropTheKnifeSaveALife
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It truly is a magnificent sculpture which, if you get the chance, to see it for yourself. The vision and workmanship is outstanding. It's incredible from any angle. The up-lighting is delightful, although I only managed to see this effect for a few moments.
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My YouTube Video: Knife Angel. Derby Cathedral. Oct 2019
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Rachel Webb, whose son Tom was 22 years old when he was stabbed and killed in St Peter's Street, Derby, by a 16 year old boy in January 2016, has been instrumental in bringing the Angel to Derby. She supported a knife surrender held across Derbyshire and knives from this were donated towards the creation of this sculpture.
The knife Angel has been created as a National monument against violence and aggression at the British Ironworks Centre in Oswestry and is a memorial to those whose lives have been affected by knife crime. It is a 27ft high sculpture, which Alfie Bradley has designed and created single-handedly using over 100,000 knives surrendered and collected in nationwide amnesties in 2015/2016. The angel began it's tour around the UK in 2018 when it was housed outside of Liverpool Cathedral for December and January in order to raise awareness of the impact of knife crime on society, the victims and their families and friends.
It is currently on a city tour of the UK.
Knife crime is rising across the country. The Knife Angel's presence in derby is very much a symbol of the hard work of partners and communities across Derbyshire to halt this rise.
Derbyshire Police are spearheading a multi agency campaign called Project Zao, which aims to prevent causalities and stop venerable youngsters from seeing violence as the answer. It targets those who carry knives and delivers a hard hitting educational package to thousands of young people across the county.
All 43 national police forces, the Home Office, anti-violence groups across the UK and hundreds of families who have been affected by knife crime are all strongly supporting the Knife Angel. Relatives of those killed by knife crime were invited to engrave the blades with names and messages for their loved ones as part of the sculpture.
The Knife Angel is a symbol of defiance and change, shining a spotlight on Britain's knife crime problem and its impact on communities, families and individuals.
The Angel; is helping to raise awareness of violent crime and helping young people understand the reasons not to carry knives.
Please show your support and join us in standing up to knife crime!
#NE938 | Small, Medium, Large, Extra Large | Available for exclusive use
About this photo:
It's green! This is a picture of another bridge in Brandywine Park (Wilmington, Delaware). It is quite different from its neighbor just upstream.
About the process:
Contrast: I created a B&W version of the image using the Channel Mixer to adjust the levels until I got the desired amount of contrast. I set the B&W layer to "Overlay" mode and set a low opacity.
Overlay: I duplicated the layer and set it to "Overlay" to enhance the overall contrast and color saturation.
Saturation: I increased the saturation in the bridge by creating a highly saturated layer and setting it to "Color" mode. Then I used the "Color Select" tool to only select the greens. I inverted the selection and deleted the rest of the saturation layer. I used a mask to lessen the greens of the foliage.
High Pass: Of course, I finished by applying a high pass filter, but this time I set the mode to "Soft Light"
© Copyright Arielle Kristina
#174
A day of action by students opposed to the recently announced increases to tuition fee
A number of students attempted to protect a police van from further damage after it had been attacked
In Southern California, Fall brings the increase in chance of beautiful sunsets. Back on the first of November, when the sun was setting over an hour later than it is now, the stage was set for an incredible light show. If you’ve watched enough sunsets, you can start to pick up on patterns in the behavior of the light. Here we can see the clouds to the south alight as if on fire above Rancho Palos Verdes and the Santa Monica Pier. The band of that fiery red and orange light had not reached the clouds above where I was standing and more importantly directly to the west, but I know the pattern. The light travels across the clouds from the south to the north, and a few moments later the sky all around me light up just as vibrant. In this moment, a prelude to the larger show where I was standing, the color above the pier was fantastic and I shot a three image panorama at 135mm before scrambling to change lenses and shoot the color as it arrived.
Watch a time lapse of this sunset here: vimeo.com/298539178
"Prices of Imports Eke Out First Increase Since June" by REUTERS via NYT t.co/kAcnbft2a8 (via Twitter twitter.com/felipemassone/status/720040785308217344)
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Elba (Italian: isola d'Elba) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, 20 kilometres from the coastal town of Piombino. The largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago, Elba is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park, and the third largest island in Italy, after Sicily and Sardinia. It is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea, about 50 kilometres east of the French island of Corsica.
The island is part of the province of Livorno and is divided into eight municipalities, with a total population of about 30,000 inhabitants, which increases considerably during the summer. The municipalities are Portoferraio, which is also the island's principal town, along with Campo nell'Elba, Capoliveri, Marciana, Marciana Marina, Porto Azzurro, Rio Marina, and Rio nell'Elba.
[Source: Wikipedia]
Canon EOS 60D
Canon EF-S 10-22mm f/3.5-4.5 USM
Aperture: f/22
Exposure time: 25s
Focal length: 10mm
ISO Speed: 100
Manfrotto Tripod
Processed with PS CC 2014