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Shin – Yas next chapter will include a short animation. I'm drawing and coloring while my boy is helping me with the animation part since I don't have the time. I've never done anything like this, so it's a new world to me, and we are learning on the run, maybe that's why we are taking this much to upload the next chapter, but you can't imagine the amount of work that generates a single animated scene. ^_^u In any case we are giving our best to make it look half decent :D This is a preview of the inicial drafts ^__^
/
En el siguiente capitulo de Shin-Yas añadiré una pequeña animación con dibujos. Yo estoy dibujando y coloreando y mi chico me está ayudando a animarlo ya que a penas tengo tiempo de nada. Nunca había hecho algo parecido por lo que es un mundo nuevo para mi y estamos aprendiendo sobre la marcha, por eso estamos tardando más en colgar el siguiente capitulo de estos dos, no os podéis imaginar la cantidad de faena que hay que hacer para animar una sola escena. ^_^u Pero nos estamos esforzando mucho para que quede medio decente. :D Este es un preview de los bocetos iniciales. ^__^
The Khajuraho Group of Monuments is a group of Hindu and Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh, India, about 175 kilometres southeast of Jhansi. They are one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India. The temples are famous for their nagara-style architectural symbolism and their erotic sculptures.
Most Khajuraho temples were built between 950 and 1050 by the Chandela dynasty. Historical records note that the Khajuraho temple site had 85 temples by 12th century, spread over 20 square kilometers. Of these, only about 20 temples have survived, spread over 6 square kilometers. Of the various surviving temples, the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is decorated with a profusion of sculptures with intricate details, symbolism and expressiveness of ancient Indian art.
The Khajuraho group of temples were built together but were dedicated to two religions - namely Hinduism and Jainism - suggesting a tradition of acceptance and respect for diverse religious views among Hindus and Jains.
LOCATION
Khajuraho group of monuments are located in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, in Chhatarpur district, about 620 kilometres southeast of New Delhi. The temples are in a small town also known as Khajuraho, with a population of about 20,000 people (2001 Census).
Khajuraho is served by Civil Aerodrome Khajuraho (IATA Code: HJR), with services to Delhi, Agra, Varanasi and Mumbai. The site is also linked by Indian Railways service, with the railway station located approximately six kilometres from the monuments entrance.
The monuments are about 10 kilometres off the east-west National Highway 75, and about 50 kilometres from the city of Chhatarpur, that is connected to Bhopal - the state capital - by the SW-NE running National Highway 86.
HISTORY
The Khajuraho group of monuments was built during the rule of the Rajput Chandela dynasty. The building activity started almost immediately after the rise of their power, throughout their kingdom to be later known as Bundelkhand. Most temples were built during the reigns of the Hindu kings Yashovarman and Dhanga. Yashovarman's legacy is best exhibited by Lakshmana temple. Vishvanatha temple best highlights King Dhanga's reign. The largest and currently most famous surviving temple is Kandariya Mahadeva built in the reign of King Ganda from 1017-1029 CE. The temple inscriptions suggest many of the currently surviving temples were complete between 970 to 1030 CE, with further temples completed during the following decades.
The Khajuraho temples were built about 35 miles from the medieval city of Mahoba, the capital of the Chandela dynasty, in the Kalinjar region. In ancient and medieval literature, their kingdom has been referred to as Jijhoti, Jejahoti, Chih-chi-to and Jejakabhukti.
Khajuraho was mentioned by Abu Rihan-al-Biruni, the Persian historian who accompanied Mahmud of Ghazni in his raid of Kalinjar in 1022 CE; he mentions Khajuraho as the capital of Jajahuti. The raid was unsuccessful, and a peace accord was reached when the Hindu king agreed to pay a ransom to Mahmud of Ghazni to end the attack and leave.
Khajuraho temples were in active use through the end of 12th century. This changed in the 13th century, after the army of Delhi Sultanate, under the command of the Muslim Sultan Qutb-ud-din Aibak, attacked and seized the Chandela kingdom. About a century later, Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan traveller in his memoirs about his stay in India from 1335 to 1342 CE, mentioned visiting Khajuraho temples, calling them “Kajarra” as follows:
...near (Khajuraho) temples, which contain idols that have been mutilated by the Moslems, live a number of yogis whose matted locks have grown as long as their bodies. And on account of extreme asceticism they are all yellow in colour. Many Moslems attend these men in order to take lessons (yoga) from them.
— Ibn Battuta, about 1335 CE, Riḥlat Ibn Baṭūṭah, Translated by Arthur Cotterell
Central Indian region, where Khajuraho temples are, remained in the control of many different Muslim dynasties from 13th century through the 18th century. In this period, some temples were desecrated, followed by a long period when they were left in neglect. In 1495 CE, for example, Sikandar Lodi’s campaign of temple destruction included Khajuraho. The remoteness and isolation of Khajuraho protected the Hindu and Jain temples from continued destruction by Muslims. Over the centuries, vegetation and forests overgrew, took over the temples.
In the 1830s, local Hindus guided a British surveyor, T.S. Burt, to the temples and they were thus rediscovered by the global audience. Alexander Cunningham later reported, few years after the rediscovery, that the temples were secretly in use by yogis and thousands of Hindus would arrive for pilgrimage during Shivaratri celebrated annually in February or March based on a lunar calendar. In 1852, Maisey prepared earliest drawings of the Khajuraho temples.
NOMENCLATURE
The name Khajuraho, or Kharjuravāhaka, is derived from ancient Sanskrit (kharjura, खर्जूर means date palm, and vāhaka, वाहक means "one who carries" or bearer). Local legends state that the temples had two golden date-palm trees as their gate (missing when they were rediscovered). Desai states that Kharjuravāhaka also means scorpion bearer, which is another symbolic name for deity Shiva (who wears snakes and scorpion garlands in his fierce form).
Cunningham’s nomenclature and systematic documentation work in 1850s and 1860s have been widely adopted and continue to be in use. He grouped the temples into the Western group around Lakshmana, Eastern group around Javeri, and Southern group around Duladeva.
Khajuraho is one of the four holy sites linked to deity Shiva (the other three are Kedarnath, Kashi and Gaya). Its origin and design is a subject of scholarly studies. Shobita Punja has proposed that the temple’s origin reflect the Hindu mythology in which Khajuraho is the place where Shiva got married; with Raghuvamsha verse 5.53, Matangeshvara honoring ‘’Matanga’’, or god of love.
DESCRIPTION
The temple site is within Vindhya mountain range in central India. An ancient local legend held that Hindu deity Shiva and other gods enjoyed visiting the dramatic hill formation in Kalinjar area. The center of this region is Khajuraho, set midst local hills and rivers. The temple complex reflects the ancient Hindu tradition of building temples where gods love to play.
The temples are clustered near water, another typical feature of Hindu temples. The current water bodies include Sib Sagar, Khajur Sagar (also called Ninora Tal) and Khudar Nadi (river). The local legends state that the temple complex had 64 water bodies, of which 56 have been physically identified by archeologists so far.
All temples, except one (Chaturbhuja) face sunrise - another symbolic feature that is predominant in Hindu temples. The relative layout of temples integrate masculine and feminine deities and symbols highlight the interdependence. The art work symbolically highlight the four goals of life considered necessary and proper in Hinduism - dharma, kama, artha and moksha.
Of the surviving temples, 6 are dedicated to Shiva and his consorts, 8 to Vishnu and his affinities, 1 to Ganesha, 1 to Sun god, 3 to Jain Tirthanks. For some ruins, there is insufficient evidence to assign the temple to specific deities with confidence.
An overall examination of site suggests that the Hindu symbolic mandala design principle of square and circles is present each temple plan and design. Further, the territory is laid out in three triangles that converge to form a pentagon. Scholars suggest that this reflects the Hindu symbolism for three realms or trilokinatha, and five cosmic substances or panchbhuteshvara. The temple site highlights Shiva, the one who destroys and recycles life, thereby controlling the cosmic dance of time, evolution and dissolution. The temples have a rich display of intricately carved statues. While they are famous for their erotic sculpture, sexual themes cover less than 10% of the temple sculpture. Further, most erotic scene panels are neither prominent nor emphasized at the expense of the rest, rather they are in proportional balance with the non-sexual images. The viewer has to look closely to find them, or be directed by a guide. The arts cover numerous aspects of human life and values considered important in Hindu pantheon. Further, the images are arranged in a configuration to express central ideas of Hinduism. All three ideas from Āgamas are richly expressed in Khajuraho temples - Avyakta, Vyaktavyakta and Vyakta.
The Beejamandal temple is under excavation. It has been identified with the Vaidyanath temple mentioned in the Grahpati Kokalla inscription.
Of all temples, the Matangeshvara temple remains an active site of worship. It is another square grid temple, with a large 2.5 metres high and 1.1 metres diameter lingam, placed on a 7.6 metres diameter platform.
The most visited temple, Kandariya Mahadev, has an area of about 6,500 square feet and a shikhara (spire) that rises 116 feet. Jain templesThe Jain temples are located on east-southeast region of Khajuraho monuments. Chausath jogini temple features 64 jogini, while Ghantai temple features bells sculptured on its pillars.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE TEMPLES
Khajuraho temples, like almost all Hindu temple designs, follow a grid geometrical design called vastu-purusha-mandala. This design plan has three important components - Mandala means circle, Purusha is universal essence at the core of Hindu tradition, while Vastu means the dwelling structure.
The design lays out a Hindu temple in a symmetrical, concentrically layered, self-repeating structure around the core of the temple called garbhagriya, where the abstract principle Purusha and the primary deity of the temple dwell. The shikhara, or spire, of the temple rises above the garbhagriya. This symmetry and structure in design is derived from central beliefs, myths, cardinality and mathematical principles.
The circle of mandala circumscribe the square. The square is considered divine for its perfection and as a symbolic product of knowledge and human thought, while circle is considered earthly, human and observed in everyday life (moon, sun, horizon, water drop, rainbow). Each supports the other. The square is divided into perfect 64 sub-squares called padas.
Most Khajuraho temples deploy the 8x8 padas grid Manduka Vastupurushamandala, with pitha mandala the square grid incorporated in the design of the spires. The primary deity or lingas are located in the grid’s Brahma padas.
The architecture is symbolic and reflects the central Hindu beliefs through its form, structure and arrangement of its parts. The mandapas as well as the arts are arranged in the Khajuraho temples in a symmetric repeating patterns, even though each image or sculpture is distinctive in its own way. The relative placement of the images are not random but together they express ideas, just like connected words form sentences and paragraphs to compose ideas. This fractal pattern that is common in Hindu temples. Various statues and panels have inscriptions. Many of the inscriptions on the temple walls are poems with double meanings, something that the complex structure of Sanskrit allows in creative compositions. All Khajuraho temples, except one, face sunrise, and the entrance for the devotee is this east side.Above the vastu-purusha-mandala of each temple is a superstructure with a dome called Shikhara (or Vimana, Spire). Variations in spire design come from variation in degrees turned for the squares. The temple Shikhara, in some literature, is linked to mount Kailash or Meru, the mythical abode of the gods.In each temple, the central space typically is surrounded by an ambulatory for the pilgrim to walk around and ritually circumambulate the Purusa and the main deity. The pillars, walls and ceilings around the space, as well as outside have highly ornate carvings or images of the four just and necessary pursuits of life - kama, artha, dharma and moksa. This clockwise walk around is called pradakshina. Larger Khajuraho temples also have pillared halls called mandapa. One near the entrance, on the east side, serves as the waiting room for pilgrims and devotees. The mandapas are also arranged by principles of symmetry, grids and mathematical precision. This use of same underlying architectural principle is common in Hindu temples found all over India. Each Khajuraho temple is distinctly carved yet also repeating the central common principles in almost all Hindu temples, one which Susan Lewandowski refers to as “an organism of repeating cells”.
CONSTRUCTION
The temples are grouped into three geographical divisions: western, eastern and southern.
The Khajuraho temples are made of sandstone, with a granite foundation that is almost concealed from view. The builders didn't use mortar: the stones were put together with mortise and tenon joints and they were held in place by gravity. This form of construction requires very precise joints. The columns and architraves were built with megaliths that weighed up to 20 tons. Some repair work in the 19th Century was done with brick and mortar; however these have aged faster than original materials and darkened with time, thereby seeming out of place.
The Khajuraho and Kalinjar region is home to superior quality of sandstone, which can be precision carved. The surviving sculpture reflect fine details such as strands of hair, manicured nails and intricate jewelry.
While recording the television show Lost Worlds (History Channel) at Khajuraho, Alex Evans recreated a stone sculpture under 4 feet that took about 60 days to carve in an attempt to develop a rough idea how much work must have been involved. Roger Hopkins and Mark Lehner also conducted experiments to quarry limestone which took 12 quarrymen 22 days to quarry about 400 tons of stone. They concluded that these temples would have required hundreds of highly trained sculptors.
CHRONOLOGY
The Khajuraho group of temples belong to Vaishnavism school of Hinduism, Saivism school of Hinduism and Jainism - nearly a third each. Archaeological studies suggest all three types of temples were under construction at about the same time in late 10th century, and in use simultaneously. Will Durant states that this aspect of Khajuraho temples illustrates the tolerance and respect for different religious viewpoints in the Hindu and Jain traditions. In each group of Khajuraho temples, there were major temples surrounded by smaller temples - a grid style that is observed to varying degrees in Hindu temples in Angkor Wat, Parambaran and South India.
The largest surviving Saiva temple is Khandarya Mahadeva, while the largest surviving Vaishnava group includes Chaturbhuja and Ramachandra.
Kandariya Mahadeva Temple plan is 109 ft in length by 60 ft, and rises 116 ft above ground and 88 ft above its own floor. The central padas are surrounded by three rows of sculptured figures, with over 870 statues, most being half life size (2.5 to 3 feet). The spire is a self repeating fractal structure.
ARTS AND SCULPTURE
The Khajuraho temples feature a variety of art work, of which 10% is sexual or erotic art outside and inside the temples. Some of the temples that have two layers of walls have small erotic carvings on the outside of the inner wall. Some scholars suggest these to be tantric sexual practices. Other scholars state that the erotic arts are part of Hindu tradition of treating kama as an essential and proper part of human life, and its symbolic or explicit display is common in Hindu temples. James McConnachie, in his history of the Kamasutra, describes the sexual-themed Khajuraho sculptures as "the apogee of erotic art": "Twisting, broad-hipped and high breasted nymphs display their generously contoured and bejewelled bodies on exquisitely worked exterior wall panels. These fleshy apsaras run riot across the surface of the stone, putting on make-up, washing their hair, playing games, dancing, and endlessly knotting and unknotting their girdles....Beside the heavenly nymphs are serried ranks of griffins, guardian deities and, most notoriously, extravagantly interlocked maithunas, or lovemaking couples."
The temples have several thousand statues and art works, with Kandarya Mahadeva Temple alone decorated with over 870. Some 10% of these iconographic carvings contain sexual themes and various sexual poses. A common misconception is that, since the old structures with carvings in Khajuraho are temples, the carvings depict sex between deities; however the kama arts represent diverse sexual expressions of different human beings. The vast majority of arts depict various aspects the everyday life, mythical stories as well as symbolic display of various secular and spiritual values important in Hindu tradition. For example, depictions show women putting on makeup, musicians making music, potters, farmers, and other folks in their daily life during the medieval era. These scenes are in the outer padas as is typical in Hindu temples.
There is iconographic symbolism embedded in the arts displayed in Khajuraho temples. Core Hindu values are expressed in multitude of ways. Even the Kama scenes, when seen in combination of sculptures that precede and follow, depict the spiritual themes such as moksha. In the words of Stella Kramrisch,
This state which is “like a man and woman in close embrace” is a symbol of moksa, final release or reunion of two principles, the essence (Purusha) and the nature (Prakriti).
— Stella Kramrisch, 1976
The Khajuraho temples represent one expression of many forms of arts that flourished in Rajput kingdoms of India from 8th through 10th century CE. For example, contemporary with Khajuraho were the publications of poems and drama such as Prabodhacandrodaya, Karpuramanjari, Viddhasalabhanjika and Kavyamimansa. Some of the themes expressed in these literary works are carved as sculpture in Khajuraho temples. Some sculptures at the Khajuraho monuments dedicated to Vishnu include the Vyalas, which are hybrid imaginary animals with lions body, and are found in other Indian temples. Some of these hybrid mythical art work include Vrik Vyala (hybrid of wolf and lion) and Gaja Vyala (hybrid of elephant and lion). These Vyalas may represent syncretic, creative combination of powers innate in the two.
TEMPLE NAME - DEITY - YEAR COMPLETED
Chausath Yogini - Devi, 64 Yoginis - 885
Brahma - Vishnu - 925
Lalgun Mahadev - Shiva - 900
Matangeshwar - Shiva - 1000
Varaha - Vishnu - 950
Lakshmana - Vaikuntha Vishnu - 939
Parshvanath - Parshvanath - 954
Visvanatha - Shiva - 999
Devi Jagadambi - Devi, Parvati - 1023
Chitragupta - Sun, Chitragupta - 1023
Kandariya Mahadeva - Shiva - 1029
Vamana - Vamana - 1062
Adinath Jain Temple - Rishabha - 1027
Javeri - Vishnu - 1090
Chaturbhuja - Vishnu - 1110
Duladeo (Duladeva) - Shiva - 1125
Ghantai - Jain Tirthankara - 960
Vishnu-Garuda - Vishnu - 1000
Ganesha - Shiva - 1000
Hanuman - Hanuman - 922
Mahishasuramardini - Devi - 995
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Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs. Bark refers to all the tissues outside the vascular cambium and is a nontechnical term. It overlays the wood and consists of the inner bark and the outer bark. The inner bark, which in older stems is living tissue, includes the innermost layer of the periderm. The outer bark on older stems includes the dead tissue on the surface of the stems, along with parts of the outermost periderm and all the tissues on the outer side of the periderm. The outer bark on trees which lies external to the living periderm is also called the rhytidome. Products derived from bark include: bark shingle siding and wall coverings, spices and other flavorings, tanbark for tannin, resin, latex, medicines, poisons, various hallucinogenic chemicals and cork. Bark has been used to make cloth, canoes, and ropes and used as a surface for paintings and map making. A number of plants are also grown for their attractive or interesting bark colorations and surface textures or their bark is used as landscape mulch. 33201
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· ▸ Miki Animation Set includes:
ㅤㅤ• 3 Static Poses
ㅤㅤ• 3 Breathing Poses
ㅤㅤ• 3 Animated Poses
ㅤㅤ• Curvy versions
· ▸ Shu Animation Set includes:
ㅤㅤ• 3 Static Poses
ㅤㅤ• 3 Breathing Poses
ㅤㅤ• 3 Animated Poses
ㅤㅤ• Curvy versions
· ▸ Daisy Platforms is fitted for:
ㅤㅤ• Maitreya Lara X
ㅤㅤ• Meshbody Legacy
ㅤㅤ• eBody Reborn
· ▸ Copy
· ▸ Modify
· ▸ No Transfer
ㅤㅤｓｈｏｐ ｔｈｉｓ ａｔ ｅｑｕａｌ１０ 苛 尉 ズ ょ ド
ㅤㅤ
▸ Ｊｏｉｎ ｕｓ ｏｎ Ｐｒｉｍｆｅｅｄ
ㅤㅤ
▸ Ｊｏｉｎ ｕｓ ｏｎ Ｆａｃｅｂｏｏｋ
ㅤㅤ
▸ Ｊｏｉｎ ｕｓ ｏｎ Ｉｎｓｔａｇｒａｍ
ㅤㅤ
▸ Ｊｏｉｎ ｕｓ ｏｎ Ｙｏｕｔｕｂｅ
ㅤㅤ
▸ Main Sim
ㅤㅤ
ㅤㅤ
Shoreham town centre was very busy this evening for "Light Up Shoreham" and the associated market and fun fair.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vYX2d3WkhE
gabbyjaws.blogspot.com/2024/12/christmas-magic.html
Tiffany Designs PROMO:: Allison Outfit [Mesh] + Lara X
★★★ MESH WINTER OUTFIT ★★★
════════════════════════════════════════════════════
➣ Includes:
• Mesh Sweater
• Mesh Skirt
• Mesh Boots
• Texture HUD Driven
════════════════════════════════════════════════════
➣ Compatible with:
➠ LARA X, Petite
➠ MAITREYA, Petite
➠ LEGACY, Perky, Bombshell
➠ REBORN, Waifus
➠ GENX, Curvy
➠ KUPRA
➠ ERIKA
════════════════════════════════════════════════════
★ Before buying, please try the free demo.
★ Thank you for shopping at ::TIFFANY DESIGNS:: !
☎ In world assistance if you need additional help - please contact LucyHope.
Tiffany Designs
LM: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Hilton%20Villas/232/207/22
MP: marketplace.secondlife.com/stores/139726?
WINGSDG ES0801
LaraX
Lyrium Daisy Breathing pose
Viewed while cycling from Loket to Karlovy Vary.
"The Ohře (Czech pronunciation: [ˈoɦr̝ɛ]), also known in English and German as Eger (German pronunciation: [ˈeːɡɐ]), is a river in Germany and the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Elbe River. It flows through the Bavarian district of Upper Franconia in Germany, and through the Karlovy Vary and Ústí nad Labem regions in the Czech Republic. It is 304.6 km (189.3 mi) long, 256 km (159 mi) of which are in the Czech Republic, which makes it the fourth longest river in the country.
Bohemia (Latin Bohemia, German Böhmen, Polish Czechy) is a region in the west of the Czech Republic. Previously, as a kingdom, they were the center of the Czech Crown. The root of the word Czech probably corresponds to the meaning of man. The Latin equivalent of Bohemia, originally Boiohaemum (literally "land of Battles"), which over time also influenced the names in other languages, is derived from the Celtic tribe of the Boios, who lived in this area from the 4th to the 1st century BC Bohemia on it borders Germany in the west, Austria in the south, Moravia in the east and Poland in the north. Geographically, they are bounded from the north, west and south by a chain of mountains, the highest of which are the Krkonoše Mountains, in which the highest mountain of Bohemia, Sněžka, is also located. The most important rivers are the Elbe and the Vltava, with the fertile Polabean Plain extending around the Elbe. The capital and largest city of Bohemia is Prague, other important cities include, for example, Pilsen, Karlovy Vary, Kladno, Ústí nad Labem, Liberec, Hradec Králové, Pardubice and České Budějovice, Jihlava also lies partly on the historical territory of Bohemia." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
Hey Cookies, my sneak peek for our upcoming Bake Sale (June 17th - 24th!). Includes updated rigs and Newly revamped textures!
Includes a ton of goodies and as usual, during bake sale, look for the epically low price for the mega pack.
Included:
• Fat Pack HUDs for the Top, Skirt, Bodysuit, Leggings, Socks, Pom Poms
• Bonus Fat Pack for Leggings with Pride Colors
• Strip Me Top, Strip Me Skirt, Interactive Socks
• Socks come for Flat and High feet
• Bodysuit & Leggings are non strip
• Bonus Boyfriends Football, VB & Cheer Cups (holdable), Carry all bag (holdable).
• Due to new textures, redelivery from past Chelsea Gacha and or HUDs will not work interchangeably.
• Maitreya, Legacy, eBody Reborn
• 1999L Mega Pack After Bake Sale
Bake Sale Group Gift will be out during that week as well ♥
A pleasant run over to Midhurst in the Alfa to an "autojumble", with a stop at the White Hart by the Stopham Bridge.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=EM2Fnp_qnE8
gabbyjaws.blogspot.com/2024/12/underneath-tree_24.html
pm A Child's Wish v.1
Belleza Classic, Curvy, Kupra Kups, Kupra, Legacy Nerido, Perky, Maitreya, Petite
includes dress hat, branches, deco
Available @ Swank ✨ WINTER WONDERLAND OF GIFTS! ✨ends December 30, 2024
As the year draws to a close, it’s time to celebrate the season with style and sparkle! Join us for Swank’s Winter Wonderland Event & Gift Hunt, every booth is brimming with holiday gifts just for you! The final and greatest event of the year! Don’t forget to subscribe for our monthly 5000L Raffle! This is the event you don’t want to miss! maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Swank%20Events/128/124/39
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGrCo4TNlfU&list=RDWGrCo4TNlf...
Tiffany Designs GIFT:: Joy Christmas Outfit
★★★ MESH WINTER OUTFIT ★★★
FREE INWORLD(no group)
════════════════════════════════════════════════════
➣ Includes:
• Mesh Bodysuit
• Mesh Boots
• Mesh Earmuff
════════════════════════════════════════════════════
➣ Compatible with:
➠ LARA X, Petite
➠ MAITREYA, Petite
➠ LEGACY, Perky, Bombshell
➠ REBORN, Waifus
➠ GENX, Curvy
➠ KUPRA
➠ ERIKA
════════════════════════════════════════════════════
★ Before buying, please try the free demo.
★ Thank you for shopping at ::TIFFANY DESIGNS:: !
☎ In world assistance if you need additional help - please contact LucyHope.
Tiffany Designs
LM: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Hilton%20Villas/232/207/22
MP: marketplace.secondlife.com/stores/139726?
Velvet Vue Loren Skin(wearing Rosekiss, Ivy Eyes #2)
Lel EvoX Avalon
Maitreya Lara
RAMA Alison hair
Includes 6 Texture Options w/ 9 Solo Poses. 69L for the weekend!
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Fart/135/157/2122
A Kingfisher encounter by the River Adur this afternoon. Quite a common sight during Winter around low tide. They perch on/around the boats looking for small fish trapped by the receding tide in the pools.
Fauna #28 for the Treasure Hunt
gabbyjaws.blogspot.com/2024/06/tiffany-designs-yasmine-go...
Tiffany Designs Yasmine Gown
★★★ MESH FORMAL DRESS ★★★
════════════════════════════════════════════════════
➣ Includes:
• Mesh Gown
• Mesh Dress
• Mesh Glitter Shine
• Gloves Button ON/OFF
• Texture HUD Driven - 20 colors
════════════════════════════════════════════════════
➣ Compatible with:
➠ LARA X, Petite
➠ MAITREYA, Petite
➠ LEGACY, Perky, Pinup Bombshell
➠ REBORN, Waifus
➠ GENX, Curvy
➠ KUPRA
➠ ERIKA
Tiffany Designs
LM: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Hilton%20Villas/232/207/22
· ▸ Carmen HD BOM Brows is fitted for:
ㅤㅤ• Lelutka Evo X
ㅤㅤ• Lelutka HD
· ▸ Carmen HD BOM Brows includes:
ㅤㅤ• 6 Styles
ㅤㅤ• 2 color options
· ▸ Copy
· ▸ Modify
· ▸ No Transfer
ㅤㅤｓｈｏｐ ｔｈｉｓ ａｔ ｅｑｕａｌ１０ 苛 尉 ズ ょ ド
ㅤㅤ
▸ Main Sim
ㅤㅤ
ㅤㅤ
ㅤㅤ
▸ Ｊｏｉｎ ｕｓ ｏｎ Ｐｒｉｍｆｅｅｄ
ㅤㅤ
▸ Ｊｏｉｎ ｕｓ ｏｎ ＭｙＳｎａｐ
ㅤㅤ
▸ Ｊｏｉｎ ｕｓ ｏｎ Ｆａｃｅｂｏｏｋ
ㅤㅤ
▸ Ｊｏｉｎ ｕｓ ｏｎ Ｉｎｓｔａｇｒａｍ
ㅤㅤ
▸ Ｊｏｉｎ ｕｓ ｏｎ Ｙｏｕｔｕｂｅ
19/11/17 #1784. A lovely Autumn day for a stroll around Widewater. A Red Shank was pecking around in the shallows.
Includes all colors shown above
The nude/light pink one in the bottom right corner is semi-transparent, meaning it will simply tint your lips pink while also applying full gloss. Will work with any skin tone and is included in the demo!
Blog #006
Sponsored Item: Dakota Outfit by *{Le'La}
Includes: Cowboy Hat , Boots, Corset , Pants , Panty , Sleeves , Top | {Le'La} Dakota Outfit HUD | LM | Thank you Notecard | 5 Textures
HUD: 30 different Colors to pick from
Sizes/Fitted:
Erika
Kupra
LaraX | Petite
Legacey | Bombshell | Perky
Maitreya | Petite
Reborn | Waifus
♥ STORE INFO ♥
↳ Landmark: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/LeLa%20Island/147/90/2232
↳ Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/leladesign.secondlife
↳ Facebook Group: www.facebook.com/groups/leladesignsecondlife
↳ Instagram: @miamilu.lela
↳ Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/135399508@N05/
↳ Flickr Group: www.flickr.com/groups/14816315@N23/
↳ Marketplace: marketplace.secondlife.com/stores/170498
↳ Primfeed: www.primfeed.com/miamilu.resident
*******************************************************************************
~ Additional Sponsored Products ~
HEXZ :
Right Applyer: Hexz - Mystic Eyes Set (4) - Set 1
Left Applyer: Hexz - Mystic Eyes Set (3) - Set 1
Taxi: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Black%20Art/148/86/2503
~None Sponsored Products~
Ebody:
Body: Reborn
Taxi: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/eBody/191/64/2002
Lelutka:
Head: Lelutka Camilia
Taxi: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/LeLutka/128/128/31
Sunny's Photo Studio
Pose: Gone Country - Female
Kiosk: Sexy Girls - G - (1 - 5)
Taxi: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Sunny%20Photo%20Studio/126...
Chevrolet Corvette (C1) 1956
Hackberry is an unincorporated community in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. Hackberry is located on Arizona State Route 66 (former U.S. Route 66) 23 miles (37 km) northeast of Kingman. Hackberry has a post office which serves 68 residential mailboxes with ZIP code 86411.
A former mining town, Hackberry takes its name from the Hackberry Mine which was named for a hackberry tree in a nearby spring.
Prospector Jim Music helped develop the Hackberry Silver Mine in 1875. Mining of various metals developed the town, sending it from boom to bust based on fluctuating commodity prices.
The Indianapolis Monroes Iron Clad Age of June 12, 1886 includes a brief article titled "They Changed the Minds of Several" referring to an educated miner from the area.
J.J. Watts writes from Hackberry, Arizona: "The books you sent me last year have changed the minds of several to whom I loaned them. It is a pity that liberal books and papers cannot be more generally circulated and read. If they could be we should soon have more outspoken, honest men that would dare to speak their true sentiments."
Based on an article taken from the July 24, 1909 edition of the Mohave County Miner out of Kingman, Arizona, JJ Watts was an old prospector. Here is that article.
"Some time ago the report was current in Kingman that Indians had killed an old prospector, in the Wallapai mountains, first burying the body and later burning up everything of an incriminating nature. The man was supposed to be J. J. Watts, who mined and prospected in the Music mountain range many years. William Grant, the Hackberry merchant, this week received a letter from B.F. Watts, of Marshall, Oklahoma, conveying the information that J.J. Watts died at Lander, Wyoming, last winter. The man who was killed by the Indians is believed to be a stranger that came to Kingman and was lured to the mountains by the Indians by a story of a lost mine that they had found in that section. The man was killed by Willietopsy and his sons, so it is reported by the other Indians.
By 1919, infighting between the mine's owners had become litigation and the ore was beginning to be depleted. The mine closed; Hackberry briefly almost became a ghost town.
Various service stations in town served U.S. Route 66 travellers after the highway came to town in 1926; all were shut down after Interstate 40 in Arizona bypassed the town. Interstate 40's 69-mile path between Kingman and Seligman diverges widely from the old 82-mile Highway 66 segment between these points, leaving Hackberry stranded sixteen miles from the new highway. Hackberry Road would not even be given an off-ramp. John Grigg operated a Union 76 service station on Route 66 in Hackberry from the 1920s until his death in 1967. The Northside Grocery (established 1934) and its Conoco station were among the last to close, in 1978.
Hackberry almost became a ghost town again, but members of the Grigg family have lived there since the 1890s and continue to live there. Six generations of the Grigg family are buried in the Hackberry cemetery.
In 1992, itinerant artist Bob Waldmire re-opened the Hackberry General Store as a Route 66 tourism information post and souvenir shop on the former Northside Grocery site.
Waldmire sold the store to John and Kerry Pritchard in 1998 due to local disputes regarding the environmental and aesthetic impact of quarries, which by that time were establishing themselves in the area to remove local stone for use in landscaping.
The store remains in operation with a collection of vintage cars from the heyday of U.S. Route 66 in Arizona; in 2008, its owners donated land for a new fire hall to be built for the community.
(Wikipedia)
The Chevrolet Corvette (C1) is the first generation of the Corvette sports car produced by Chevrolet. It was introduced late in the 1953 model year and produced through 1962. This generation is commonly referred to as the "solid-axle" generation, as the independent rear suspension did not appear until the 1963 Sting Ray.
The Corvette was rushed into production for its debut model year to capitalize on the enthusiastic public reaction to the concept vehicle, but expectations for the new model were largely unfulfilled. Reviews were mixed and sales fell far short of expectations through the car's early years. The program was nearly canceled, but Chevrolet decided to make necessary improvements.
The most expensive Corvette (C1) to sell in history was sold by Barrett-Jackson in the United States in March 2021 for $825,000 (~$915,195 in 2023) (£591,470).
History
Origins
Harley Earl, as head of GM's Styling Section, was an avid fan of sports cars. He recognized that GIs returning after serving overseas in the years following World War II were bringing home MGs, Jaguars, and Alfa Romeos. In 1951, Nash Motors began selling an expensive two-seat sports car, the Nash-Healey, that was made in partnership with the Italian designer Pininfarina and British auto engineer Donald Healey, but there were few moderate-priced models. Earl convinced GM that they needed to build an all-American two-seat sports car, and with his Special Projects crew began working on the new car in late 1951. The last time Chevrolet offered a 2-door, 2-passenger convertible/roadster body style was in 1938 with the Chevrolet Master.
Prototype EX-122
The secretive effort was code-named "Project Opel" (after GM's German division Opel). The result was the hand-built, EX-122 pre-production Corvette prototype, which was first shown to the public at the 1953 General Motors Motorama at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City on January 17, 1953. When production began six months later, at an MSRP of US$3,513 ($40,006 in 2023 dollars ), it had evolved into a considerably costlier car than the basic $2,000 roadster Harley Earl originally had in mind. The EX-122 car is now located at the Kerbeck Corvette museum in Atlantic City and is believed to be the oldest Corvette in existence.
Design and engineering
To keep costs down, GM executive Robert F. McLean mandated off-the-shelf mechanical components. The new car used the chassis and suspension design from the 1949 through 1954 Chevrolet passenger vehicles. The drivetrain and passenger compartment were moved rearward to achieve a 53/47 front-to-rear weight distribution. It had a 102 in (2,591 mm) wheelbase. The engine was a 235 cu in (3.85 L) inline six engine that was similar to the 235 engine that powered all other Chevrolet car models, but with a higher-compression ratio, three Carter side-draft carburetors, mechanical lifters, and a higher-lift camshaft. Output was 150 hp (112 kW). Because there was currently no manual transmission available to Chevrolet rated to handle 150 HP, a two-speed Powerglide automatic was used. The 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) time was 11.5 seconds.
Three body variants were created. The roadster was built as the Corvette, the Corvair fastback variant never went into production, and the two-door Nomad station wagon was eventually built as the Chevrolet Nomad.
During the last half of 1953, 300 Corvettes were to a large degree hand-built on a makeshift assembly line that was installed in an old truck plant in Flint, Michigan, while a factory was being prepped for a full-scale 1954 production run. The outer body was made of then-revolutionary glass fiber reinforced plastic material. Although steel shortages or quotas are sometimes mentioned as a factor in the decision to use fiberglass, no evidence exists to support this. In calendar years 1952 and 1953, Chevrolet produced nearly 2 million steel-bodied full-size passenger cars, and the intended production volume of 10,000 Corvettes for 1954 was only a small fraction of that.
The body engineer for the Corvette was Ellis James Premo. He presented a paper to the Society of Automotive Engineers in 1954 regarding the development of the body.
Several excerpts highlight some of the key points in the body material choice:
The body on the show model was made of reinforced plastic purely as an expedient to get the job done quickly.
Although we were going ahead with the building of an experimental plastic body in order to get a car rolling for chassis development work – at the time of the Waldorf Show, we were actually concentrating body-design-wise on a steel body utilizing Kirksite tooling for the projected production of 10,000 units during the 1954 model year. It was some time later that we decided to produce this quantity in reinforced plastic.
About this time, some doubt was expressed that we should build the 1954 model of steel. People seemed to be captivated by the idea of the fiberglass plastic body. Furthermore, information being given to us by the reinforced plastic industry seemed to indicate the practicality of fabricating plastic body parts for automobiles on a large scale.
A 55-degree raked windshield was made of safety glass, while the license plate holder was set back in the trunk, covered with a plastic window. Underneath the new body material were standard components from Chevrolet's regular car line, including the "Blue Flame" inline six-cylinder engine, two-speed Powerglide automatic transmission, and drum brakes. The engine's output was increased to 150 hp (112 kW) via a Carter triple-carburetor system exclusive to the Corvette, but performance of the car was decidedly "lackluster". Compared to the British and Italian sports cars of the day, the Corvette lacked a manual transmission and required more effort to bring to a stop, but like their British competition, such as Morgan, was not fitted with roll-up windows;[19] this would have to wait until some time in the 1956 model year. A Paxton centrifugal supercharger became available in 1954 as a dealer-installed option, greatly improving the Corvette's straight-line performance, but sales continued to decline.
The Chevrolet division was GM's entry-level marque. Managers at GM were seriously considering shelving the project, leaving the Corvette to be little more than a footnote in automotive history, and would have done so if not for three important events. The first was the 1955 introduction of Chevrolet's first V8 engine since 1919. Late in the model year, the new 195 hp (145 kW) 265 small-block became available with a Powerglide automatic transmission, until the middle of the production year when a manual 3-speed became available, coupled to a 3.55:1 axle ratio, the only one offered. The engine was fitted with a single 2218S or 2351S WCFB four-barrel (four-choke) Carter carburetor. The combination turned the "rather anemic Corvette into a credible if not outstanding performer". The second was the influence of a Russian émigré in GM's engineering department, Zora Arkus-Duntov. The third factor in the Corvette's survival was Ford's introduction of the 1955 two-seat Thunderbird, which was billed as a "personal luxury car", not a sports car. Even so, the Ford-Chevrolet rivalry in those days demanded GM not appear to back down from the challenge. The original concept for the Corvette emblem incorporated an American flag into the design, but was changed well before production, since associating the flag with a product was frowned upon.
1953–1955
1953
The 1953 model year was not only the Corvette's first production year, but at 300 produced it was also the lowest-volume Corvette. The cars were essentially hand-built and techniques evolved during the production cycle so that each 1953 Corvette is slightly different. All 1953 models had red interiors, Polo white exteriors, and painted blue engines (a reference to the three colors represented on the Flag of the United States, where the Corvette was assembled) as well as black canvas soft tops. Order guides showed heaters and AM radios as optional, but all 1953 models were equipped with both. Over two hundred 1953 Corvettes are known to exist today. They had independent front suspension, but featured a rigid axle supported by longitudinal leaf springs at the rear. The cost of the first production model Corvettes in 1953 was US$3,490 ($38,795 in 2023 dollars).
The quality of the fiberglass body as well as its fit and finish were lacking. Other problems, such as water leaks and doors that could open while the car was driven, were reported with the most severe errors corrected in subsequent units produced, but some shortcomings continued beyond the Corvette's inaugural year. By December 1953, Chevrolet had a newly equipped factory in St. Louis ready to build 10,000 Corvettes annually. However, negative customer reactions to 1953 and early 1954 models caused sales to fall short of expectations.
1954
In 1954, a total of 3,640 of this model were built and nearly a third were unsold at year's end. New colors were available, but the six-cylinder engine and Powerglide automatic, the only engine and transmission available, were not what sports car enthusiasts expected. It is known that 1954 models were painted Pennant Blue, Sportsman Red, and Black, in addition to Polo White. All had red interiors, except for those finished in Pennant Blue which had a beige interior and beige canvas soft top. Order guides listed several options, but all options were "mandatory" and all 1954 Corvettes were equipped the same.
In the October 1954 issue of Popular Mechanics, there was an extensive survey of Corvette owners in America. The surprising finding was their opinions in comparison to foreign sports cars. It was found that 36% of those taking the survey had owned a foreign sports car, and of that, half of them rated the Corvette as better than their previous foreign sports car. Nineteen percent rated the Corvette as equal to their foreign sports car and 22% rated the Corvette as inferior. While many were well pleased with the Corvette, they did not consider it a true sports car. The principal complaint of the surveyed owners was the tendency of the body to leak extensively during rainstorms.
1955
Chevrolet debuted its 265 cu in (4.3 L) small-block, 195 hp (145 kW) V8 in 1955 and the engine was available for the Corvette. Early production 1955 V8 Corvettes continued with the mandatory-option Powerglide automatic transmission (as did the few 6-cylinder models built). A new three-speed manual transmission became available later in the year for V8 models, but was not popular with about 75 equipped with it. Exterior color choices were expanded to at least five, combined with at least four interior colors. Soft-tops came in white, dark green, or beige and different materials. A total of 700 1955 Corvettes were built, making it second only to 1953 in scarcity. The "V" in the Corvette emblem was enlarged and gold colored, signifying the V8 engine and 12-volt electrical systems, while 6-cylinder models retained the 6-volt systems used in 1953–54.
Although not a part of the original Corvette project, Zora Arkus-Duntov was responsible for the addition of the V8 engine and three-speed manual transmission. Duntov improved the car's marketing and image and helped the car compete with the new V8—engined Ford Thunderbird, Studebaker Speedster and the larger Chrysler C-300, and turned the Corvette from its lackluster performance into a credible performer. In 1956 he became the director of high-performance vehicle design and development for Chevrolet helping him earn the nickname "Father of the Corvette."
Although the C1 Corvette chassis and suspension design were derived from Chevrolet's full-size cars, the same basic design was continued through the 1962 model even after the full-size cars were completely redesigned for the 1955 model year. This was due to the combined factors of the relatively high reengineering and retooling costs for this low-volume production vehicle, the continued potential for cancellation of the car, and the increased size and weight of the all-new suspension design for the full-size cars, which made it unsuitable for use in the lighter weight Corvette.
1956–1957
1956
The 1956 Corvette featured a new body, with real glass roll-up windows and a more substantial convertible top. The straight-6 engine was discontinued, leaving only the 265 cu in (4.3 L) V8. Power ranged from 210 to 240 hp (157 to 179 kW). The standard transmission remained the 3-speed manual with an optional 2-speed Powerglide automatic. Other options included power assisted convertible top, a removable hardtop, power windows, and a "then-leading edge" signal-seeking partially transistorized Delco car radio. A high-performance camshaft was also available (as RPO 449) with the 240 hp (179 kW) engine. Sales volume was 3,467, a low number by any contemporary standard and less than 1954's 3,640, making it the third lowest in Corvette history.
1957
Visually the 1957 model was unchanged. The V8 was increased to 283 cu in (4.6 L), fuel-injection became a very expensive option, and a 4-speed manual transmission became available after April 9, 1957. GM's Rochester subsidiary used a constant flow system, producing a listed 290 hp (216 kW) at 6200 rpm and 290 lb⋅ft (393 N⋅m) of torque at 4400 rpm. Debate continues to swirl whether this was underrated by Chevrolet (to allow for lower insurance premiums, or give the car an advantage in certain forms of racing) rather than overrated, as was common practice at the time (to juice sales). Either way, it was advertised as producing "One HP per cubic inch", allowing it to claim it was one of the first mass-produced engines to do so.
Pushed toward high-performance and racing, principally by its designer, Zora Arkus-Duntov, who had raced in Europe, 1957 Corvettes could be ordered ready-to-race with special performance options, such as an engine fresh air/tach package, heavy-duty racing suspension, and 15 by 5.5 in (380 by 140 mm) wheels.
Also in 1957, Chevrolet developed a new racing variation of the Corvette with the aim to compete in the 24 Hours of Le Mans race. Originally known as Project XP-64, it would eventually become known as the Corvette SS. It featured a tuned version of the new 283 CID V8 and a specialized tubular space frame chassis. However, after a rear bushing failure retired the car during a 1957 Sebring race, the AMA announced a ban on motor racing in April 1957 for member companies like GM, leading to the cancellation of further developments of the Corvette SS platform.
Sales volume was 6,339, a jump of almost 83%. Fuel-injected models were in short supply and 1,040 were sold.
1958–1960
1958
In an era of chrome and four headlamps, the Corvette adapted to the look of the day. The 1958 model year and the four that followed all had the exposed four-headlamp treatment and prominent grilles, but a faux-louvered hood and chrome trunk spears were unique to this model year. The interior and instruments were updated, including placing a tachometer directly in front of the driver. For the 1958 model, an 8000 rpm tachometer was used with the 240 and 290 hp (179 and 216 kW) engines, rather than the 6000 rpm units used in the lower horsepower engines. Optional engine choices included two with twin carburetors (including a 270 hp (201 kW) version with Carter 2613S and 2614S WCFB four-barrels) and two with fuel injection. The power output for the highest-rated fuel-injected engine was 290 hp (216 kW). Displacement remained 283 cu in (4.6 L). For the first time, seat belts were factory-installed rather than dealer-installed as on previous models. Options that were not popular included RPO 684 heavy-duty brakes and suspension (144), RPO 579 250 hp (186 kW) engine (554), and RPO 276 15×5.5-inch steel road wheels (404).
1959
For the 1959 model, engines and horsepower ratings did not change. The interiors were revised slightly with different instrument graphics and the addition of a storage bin to the passenger side. A positive reverse lockout shifter with "T" handle was standard with 4-speed manual transmission. This was the only year a turquoise convertible top color could be ordered, and all 24-gallon fuel tank models through 1962 could not be ordered with convertible tops due to inadequate space for the folding top mechanism.[26] Rare options: RPO 684 heavy-duty brakes and suspension (142), RPO 686 metallic brakes (333), RPO 276 15"×5.5" wheels (214), RPO 426 power windows (547), RPO 473 power convertible top (661).
1960
The last features to appear in 1960 models included taillamps molded into the rear fenders and heavy grill teeth. New features include aluminum radiators, but only with 270 and 290 hp (201 and 216 kW) engines. Also for the first time, all fuel-injection engines required manual transmissions. The 1960s Cascade Green was metallic, unique to the year, and the most infrequent color at 140 made. Options that were not often ordered included RPO 579 250 hp (186 kW) engine (100), RPO 687 heavy-duty brakes and suspension (119), RPO 276 15×5.5-inch steel road wheels (246), RPO 473 power convertible top (512), and RPO 426 power windows (544).
1961–1962
1961
Twin taillights appeared on the 1961, a treatment that continues to this day. Engine displacement remained at 283 cubic inches, but power output increased for the two fuel-injected engines to 275 and 315 hp (205 and 235 kW). Output ratings for the dual-four barrel engines did not change (245 and 270 hp (183 and 201 kW)), but this was the last year of their availability. This was the last year for contrasting paint colors in cove areas, and the last two-tone Corvette of any type until 1978. Also debuting in 1961 was a new boat-tail that was carried through to the C2. Infrequently ordered options included RPO 353 275 hp (205 kW) engine (118), RPO 687 heavy-duty brakes and steering (233), RPO 276 15×5.5-inch steel road wheels (357), and RPO 473 power convertible top (442).
1962
With a new larger engine the 1962 model year Corvette was the quickest to date. Displacement of the small-block V8 increased from 283 cu in (4.6 L) to 327 cu in (5,360 cc), which was rated at 250 hp (186 kW) in its base single 4-barrel carburetor version. Hydraulic valve lifters were used in the standard and optional 300 hp (224 kW) engines, solid lifters in the optional carbureted 340 hp (254 kW) and fuel-injected 360 hp (268 kW) versions. Dual 4-barrel carburetor engines were no longer available.
1962 saw the last solid-rear-axle suspension, that had been used from the beginning. Rocker panel trim was seen for the first time, and exposed headlights for the last, until 2005. This was the last Corvette model to offer an optional power convertible top mechanism. Rare options: RPO 488 24-gallon fuel tank (65), RPO 687 heavy-duty brakes and steering (246), RPO 473 power convertible top (350), RPO 276 15"×5.5" wheels (561).
Scaglietti Corvette
In 1959, a Texan oil well drilling contractor named Gary Laughlin wondered if it would be possible to create a vehicle with Italian design characteristics using the chassis and engine components from an American car like the Corvette. To oversee this creation, he enlisted the help of car constructer Jim Hall and race car driver Carroll Shelby, whom he was good friends with, to assist with the engineering of the project and, after their efforts, each man was to receive their own Corvette custom made to their liking. Thus, the trio managed to get three rolling Corvette chassis off of the production line and arranged to have them shipped to Modena, Italy. There, with the help of Road & Track correspondent Pete Coltrin, they managed to get in touch with Italian coachbuilder Sergio Scaglietti, famous for his design work on Ferrari road cars at the time. Scaglietti agreed to create and fit a new lightweight aluminium body to each car in secret, as Enzo Ferrari reportedly threatened to cancel Scaglietti's partnership with him after learning of the project. The resulting Scaglietti Corvette ended up weighing roughly 400 lbs less than any other Corvette at the time.
Each of the three cars assembled were unique for each owner:
Car #1, originally for Laughlin, was finished in red. It used a slightly different body than cars #2 and #3 to accommodate an existing Corvette front grille. It originally came with a 283 cu in V8 with 315 hp and a four-barrel carburetor, mated to a 2-speed automatic transmission.
Car #2, originally for Hall, was finished in blue. This version had a body more closely resembling the Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta LWB. It came with the same carbureted V8 and automatic transmission as Car #1.
Car #3, originally for Shelby, was finished in red. This model was somewhat unique as though it used a similarly designed body to Car #2, it was the only model fitted with fuel-injection and a Borg-Warner 4-speed manual transmission. Unlike the other two members of the project, Shelby never took delivery of his car, citing that it was too expensive for his purposes for it.
However, the Scaglietti Corvette was not without its issues. Though conceived in 1959, the final projects wouldn't be completed and shipped back to the US until 1961, by which time it became clear that the aluminum bodies, though much lighter, had caused dramatic effects to the Corvette's chassis, resulting in dangerous front end lift at high speeds. Coupled with legal pressure from General Motors and Enzo Ferrari to put an end to production, and the Scaglietti Corvette project would be forever cemented as only a concept. However, many ideas from the car would prove inspirational, leading Jim Hall to found his Chevrolet-powered Chaparral racing team and Carroll Shelby to revisit the idea of a European-American sports car with the AC Cobra.
(Wikipedia)
Die Chevrolet Corvette C1 ist die erste Generation der Corvette. Der Wagen wurde von 1953 bis 1962 gebaut und in dieser Zeit mehrfach optisch wie auch technisch überarbeitet. Seit ihrem Erscheinen wurden viele Merkmale bis zur 7. Generation, der Corvette C7 weitgehend beibehalten. Dazu gehören unter anderem der 1955 eingeführte „Small-Block“-V8-Motor, die Glasfaserkunststoff-Karosserie und die vier typischen runden Heckleuchten, die 1961 eingeführt wurden.
Geschichte
Die erste Corvette wurde auf der „Motorama“ im New Yorker Hotel Waldorf Astoria im Januar 1953 der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt. Das Publikum reagierte positiv und ein halbes Jahr danach begann die Serienproduktion.
Als zweites Serienauto nach dem in kleiner Stückzahl gebauten Woodill Wildfire hatte die Corvette C1 eine Karosserie aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff. Außer der Gewichtsersparnis sprachen die größere Gestaltungsfreiheit der Designer und die schneller zu fertigenden Produktionswerkzeuge für dieses Material – anders wäre der zügige Serienstart nicht zu realisieren gewesen. An der ersten Corvette wurde sichtbar, was man aus den Originalteilen anderer Chevrolet-Modelle alles machen konnte. So wollte man den Preis niedrig halten, da man das Auto nicht von Grund auf neu konstruieren musste. Ursprünglich wurden drei Karosserievarianten als Prototypen gebaut: Der Roadster wurde die Corvette, der Fastback ging nicht in Serie und aus dem Sportsback (Kombi) wurde der Chevrolet Nomad.
Bereits sechs Monate nach der ersten Präsentation lief am 30. Juni 1953 die Serienfertigung in Flint im US-Bundesstaat Michigan an. 1954 wurde die Produktion nach St. Louis (Missouri) verlegt. Die erste Corvette wurde ab 1953 in begrenzter Stückzahl gebaut, anfangs waren es nur etwa 300 Exemplare pro Jahr. Einige davon wurden von Projekt-Ingenieuren, General-Motors-Managern und einigen ausgewählten Schauspielern und anderen Prominenten übernommen.
Der Grund für die geringe Stückzahl von nur rund 300 Stück war unter anderem die problematische Fertigung der Kunststoffkarosserie. Der 110 kW (150 bhp) starke Sportwagen war nicht schneller und dennoch teurer als die prestigeträchtigeren Modelle von Jaguar und Cadillac. Auch der etwas später erschienene Kaiser Darrin war auf den Markt nicht erfolgreich. So konnte Chevrolet im ersten Jahr nicht einmal die Hälfte der Produktion verkaufen. Es fehlte ein hubraumstarker V8-Motor mit genügend Leistung.
Noch dramatischer wurde die Lage im folgenden Jahr 1954. Statt der geplanten 10.000 Einheiten rollten nur 3.640 Corvette vom Band, von denen 1.100 Einheiten keinen Käufer fanden. Das Aus für die Corvette drohte 1955: Knapp 700 Corvette verließen die neuen Produktionsanlagen in St. Louis und dies vielleicht auch nur noch, um Flagge zu zeigen, als Ford seinen zweisitzigen Sportwagen, den Thunderbird, erfolgreich auf den Markt brachte. Innerhalb von zehn Tagen konnte Ford 3.500 Einheiten absetzen, überwiegend mit dem 156 kW (212 bhp) starken V8-Motor.
Die Rettung für die Corvette brachte Chevrolets ab 1955 verfügbarer neuer „Small-Block“-Motor mit acht Zylindern. Der neue verantwortliche Ingenieur Zora Arkus-Duntov, auch Rennfahrer, passte die Corvette an diesen Motor an, nachdem er die GM-Verantwortlichen von seinem Konzept überzeugt hatte, und legte damit die Basis für einen erfolgreichen Neustart. Er sorgte für den Einbau von Scheibenbremsen, Einspritzung und konstruierte eine schärfere Nockenwelle, um die Motorleistung zu steigern. Die Premierenfeier der überarbeiteten Corvette wurde 1956 wieder im New Yorker Hotel Waldorf Astoria ausgerichtet. Im Jahr 1958 stiegen die Corvette-Verkaufszahlen auf über 9.000 Einheiten – genug, um erstmals schwarze Zahlen zu erwirtschaften.
Um zu beweisen, dass die Corvette auch auf der Rennstrecke ein konkurrenzfähiges Auto war, nahm Briggs Cunningham 1960 mit mehreren Modellen beim 24-Stunden-Rennen von Le Mans teil. Das beste Ergebnis war ein achter Platz.
Die Corvette C1 ist immer noch sehr beliebt.
Produktionszeit war von Juni 1953 bis August 1962. Dabei wurden insgesamt 69.015 Exemplare produziert. Da die C1 noch nicht als Coupé lieferbar war, wurden ausschließlich Roadster (offene Zweisitzer mit einfachem Verdeck) gefertigt. Danach wurde die Produktion eingestellt und 1963 wurde die Corvette C2 vorgestellt.
Karosserie
Die Corvette C1 hatte eine Karosserie aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunstharz, die bis heute bei der Corvette beibehalten wird. Dadurch sparte man Gewicht und die Herstellung ist heute relativ einfach. Allerdings war die Produktion der Kunststoffkarosserie zunächst aufwändig und langwierig. Motor, Getriebe und Fahrwerk stammten von anderen Chevrolet-Modellen.
Heckflossen-Erfinder Harley Earl hatte dem offenen Zweisitzer mit der Kunststoff-Karosserie seine Form gegeben – wie ein Raubtier zeigte diese Corvette die Chromzähne ihres Kühlergrills. Die geschwungenen Kotflügel spannten sich über die Radhäuser. Die Scheinwerfer lagen unter einem Steinschlagschutzgitter, am Heck gab es angedeutete Flossen. Die Panorama-Frontscheibe war an den Seiten herumgezogen. Der symmetrisch aufgebaute lackierte Armaturenträger hatte zwei halbkreisförmige Aussparungen, deren fahrerseitige einen Einsatz mit sechs Anzeigeinstrumenten enthielt. Bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt hatte die Corvette keine äußeren Türgriffe oder Seitenscheiben. Im Jahr 1954 waren ca. 80 % der verkauften Fahrzeuge „Polo Weiß“ lackiert, rund 16 % „Pennant Blau“ und die restlichen 4 % des Modelljahres „Sportsman Rot“ und „Schwarz“.
Die erste grundlegende äußere Überarbeitung der Corvette fand 1956 statt. Die Heckflossen verschwanden völlig, dafür hielten seitliche Einbuchtungen hinter den Vorderrädern und die erste Zweifarb-Lackierung in der Modellgeschichte Einzug. Äußere Türgriffe und Seitenscheiben mit Fensterkurbel waren eine weitere Neuerung dieses Jahrgangs. Das Hardtop wurde ab Werk mitgeliefert. Die bisher in die Karosserie integrierten Frontscheinwerfer lagen nun frei und standen etwas hervor, während die bei der ersten Corvette noch herausragenden Rücklichter nun in die hinteren Kotflügel integriert wurden. Es standen zusätzliche Lackierungen und Innenfarben zur Auswahl. Mit dem überarbeiteten Fahrwerk konnte die Corvette noch mehr Leistung auf die Straße bringen. Die Verkaufszahlen stiegen 1956 auf 3467 Fahrzeuge.
1958 wurde die Corvette ein weiteres Mal überarbeitet und mit Doppelscheinwerfern ausgerüstet, außerdem um 9,2 in (234 mm) verlängert und verbreitert. Aufhängung und Chassis waren im Grunde die gleichen geblieben, ebenso die einfache Starrachse. Die 1959er-Version sah im Wesentlichen genauso aus wie ihr Vorgänger, allerdings verzichtete man in diesem Jahr auf die Chromzierleisten am Heck und die großen Lüftungsschlitze auf der Motorhaube. Das Auto bot gute Fahrleistungen und war im Vergleich mit manchen Konkurrenten gut ausgestattet und konnte so 9168 mal verkauft werden. Für das Modelljahr 1959 änderte sich nicht viel. Es entfiel etwas Chromzierat und die Sitze sowie die Türpappen wurden überarbeitet. Eine neue Hinterachsfederung mit Stabilisator erhielt die Corvette 1960.
Die Verkaufszahlen stiegen weiter an. So wurden 9.670 Fahrzeuge im Jahr 1959 verkauft, 1960 fanden sich 10.261 Käufer und 1961 dann etwas mehr, nämlich 10.939. Im letzten Jahr 1962 der ersten Generation verkaufte sich die Corvette mit 14.531 am besten in den neun Produktionsjahren.
1961 wurde die C1 ein letztes Mal außen überarbeitet. Dabei wurde die Front von den Vorgängermodellen übernommen. Das Heck wurde hingegen geändert und war nun ein Bootsheck, das sowohl bei der Baureihe der C2 beibehalten wurde, als auch noch in den folgenden Modellen C3, C4 und C5 erkennbar ist. Die seit 1955 bestellbaren seitlichen akzentuierten Flächen entfielen im Jahr 1962, die Corvette gab es nur noch einfarbig.
Die vier runden Rückleuchten führte der damals neue GM-Chefdesigner Bill Mitchell ebenfalls 1961 ein. Diesem typischen Stilelement blieb GM bis heute treu, obwohl die Leuchten ab Generation C7 zwar noch paarweise angeordnet, jedoch nicht mehr rund sind.
Motor/Fahrleistungen
Der Motor war anfangs ein nur leicht veränderter „Blue Flame“-Sechszylinder-Reihenmotor aus einem Lastwagen mit einem Hubraum von 3,8 Litern (235 in3) mit einer Kompression von 8 : 1. Höhere Verdichtung und drei Carter-Einfach-Vergaser vom Type YH steigerten die Leistung auf erst 110 imp. kW (150 bhp) und ab 1954, durch eine geänderte Nockenwelle, auf 114 imp. kW (155 bhp) bei 4200 min–1 und stellten ein maximales Drehmoment von 302 Nm bei 4500 min–1 zur Verfügung.[2] Die Corvette C1 beschleunigte damit je nach Quelle in 8 bis 11 Sekunden von 0–100 km/h. Die Höchstgeschwindigkeit wurde mit 172 bis 180 km/h angegeben. Diese Fahrleistungen entsprachen jedoch sogar für damalige Verhältnisse nicht denen eines Sportwagens.
Darum verordneten Ed Cole und Zora Arkus-Duntov der Corvette C1 eine Kraftkur: Statt des bisherigen Sechszylinders entschieden sie sich für einen „Small-Block“-V8 mit zunächst 4,3 Litern (265 in3) Hubraum und 143 kW (195 bhp) bei 5000 min–1. Der erste Chevrolet-„Small-Block“-V8-Motor und somit erste Corvette-V8-Motor kam 1955 auf den Markt. Dass ein Fahrzeug damit motorisiert war, wurde mit einem großen „V“ im Namen „CheVrolet“ an den Seiten der vorderen Kotflügel gezeigt. Mit dieser Veränderung entwickelte sich die Corvette zu einem echten Sportwagen mit sehr guten Fahrleistungen. Die Beschleunigung von 0 auf ca. 100 km/h absolvierte die Corvette mit dem V8-Motor in 8,7 Sekunden. Duntov beschleunigte die Corvette in Daytona auf eine Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 150 mph (241 km/h), was zur damaligen Zeit einen respektablen Wert darstellte. 1956 wurde ebenfalls der Motor überarbeitet. Er leistete nun in der Serienstufe 210 bhp bei 5200 min–1 mit einer Verdichtung von 9,25 : 1 und war mit einem Carter Doppel-Register-Vergaser bestückt. Als Extra konnte eine Version mit 225 bhp oder 240 bhp bestellt werden. Diese beiden Motoren waren mit einer anderen Nockenwelle und zwei Doppel-Register-Vergasern ausgerüstet. Die 225 bhp-Variante beschleunigte von 0 auf rund 100 km/h in 7,3 Sekunden.
Im Jahre 1957 kam erneut ein neuer Motor in die C1. Das auf 4,6 Liter (283 in3) vergrößerte V8-Triebwerk leistete mit der neuen Einspritzung bereits 208 kW (283 bhp) und wurde 1040 mal (etwa 11 %) verkauft. Mit exakt einem PS pro cubic inch (Kubikzoll) Hubraum (umgerechnet 16,4 cm3) war damit ein sehr hoher Wert erreicht. Von 0 auf 100 km/h beschleunigte der Zweisitzer mit der leistungsstärksten Maschine in 5,7 Sekunden; er erreichte eine Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 132 mph (212 km/h). Noch schneller war die Corvette des letzten Jahrgangs dieser ersten Modellgeneration.
Die Motorenpalette reichte dann schließlich 1958 von einem V8 mit 169 kW (230 bhp) bis zum stärksten Motor mit 213 kW (290 bhp) und Einspritzung. Ersterer beschleunigte in 9,2 Sekunden auf rund 100 km/h, letzterer benötigte für den Sprint nur 6,9 Sekunden. Am beliebtesten war aber die Grundversion mit 4,6-Liter-Motor, deren Fahrleistungen als ausreichend empfunden wurden. Ab 1960 wurden beim V8-Motor Zylinderköpfe aus Aluminium verwendet.
Die letzte 1962er-Version der Corvette C1 war mit dem 5,3-Liter-V8 (327 in3) ausgestattet. Dieser war der stärkste je lieferbare Motor für die C1. Er leistete, ebenfalls mit Einspritzung ausgestattet, 360 brutto SAE-PS und beschleunigte die Corvette auf bis zu 241 km/h. Leistungsvarianten waren ebenfalls eine 300 bhp- sowie 340 bhp-Variante.
Getriebe
Anfangs hatte das Auto die Zweigang-Powerglide-Automatik, es stand auch ein Handschaltgetriebe zur Wahl. Die Verkaufszahlen stiegen jedoch erst, als der damals neue Corvette-Chefingenieur Zora Arkus-Duntov die V8-Version mit einem Dreigang-Schaltgetriebe kombinierte.
1957 konnten Autokäufer erstmals bei der Corvette auf Wunsch ein Handschaltgetriebe mit einer Kraftstoffeinspritzung kombinieren. Das neue Automatikgetriebe besaß nun vier statt drei Stufen. Im Modelljahr 1960 wurden mehr als die Hälfte der Fahrzeuge mit dem manuellen 4-Gang-Getriebe ausgeliefert, im Jahr 1961 waren es sogar 64 %. Ab 1962 hatte das Automatikgetriebe der Corvette ein Aluminiumgehäuse.
Hybrid als Hommage
Eine Zusammenarbeit der American Made Corporation und Beijing Locomotive Co., Ltd. bietet seit 2020 unter der chinesischen Marke Songsan Motors ein, von der C1 des Baujahres 1958, inspiriertes Fahrzeug unter dem Namen SS Dolphin an. Der als PlugIn-Hybrid konstruierte Wagen beschleunigt in 4,9 Sekunden auf 100 km/h und kostet ¥ 590.000 (ca. 74.000 Euro, Stand September 2020). Der Antrieb besteht aus einem turboaufgeladenen 1,5-Liter-Ottomotor sowie einem Elektromotor, welcher von einem 16 kWh-leistenden Akku versorgt wird. Damit hat der SS Dolphin eine 90 bis 100 km rein elektrische Reichweite. Die Systemleistung beträgt 230 kW bei 535 Nm und wirkt auf ein manuelles Sechsgang-Schaltgetriebe mit Vorderradantrieb. Das Fahrzeug hat eine Länge von 4800 mm, eine Breite von 1850 mm und eine Höhe von 1390 mm.
(Wikipedia)
includes narrow wall
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"Gin clear skies" was how the weather lady described today, she was right. The dew on my lawn was sparkling in this morning's sunshine. Tricky to see what I focussing on, even with the live view on
Morning Dew #59 in 101 pictures
Steyning Camera Club is celebrating its 50th anniversary with an exhibition this weekend. This visitor decided one of the images needed closer inspection.
Tiffany Designs PROMO:: Gianna Outfit [Mesh] + Lara X
★★★ MESH WINTER OUTFIT ★★★
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➠ LEGACY, Perky, Bombshell
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LaraX
Wasabi Karissa
2 versions includes :
* with shirt
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5 Colors : black, grey, green, red and blue
All size
For Rock Attitude Fashion Fair 2014
March 29th - April 11th
10/04/16 #1196. The Southwest was battered by southerly storm force winds all day today, which when combined with a high Spring tide meant the waves went over the top of Mevagissey's outer harbour wall
www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLIAJqz1IT8
Tiffany Designs PROMO:: New Year Gown 2025 [Mesh] + Lara X
★★★ MESH XMAS GOWN ★★★
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3 HUD colors for Upper Gown and Fur (glitter,sequin,black)
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WoW Skins Bia
5 WOW SKIN TONES (full body bom, compatible with Maitreya, Legacy, Ebody reborn, Kahlene Erika)
6 VELOUR SKIN TONES ( Porcelain, chantilly, Rose kiss, sienna, sunkiss )
Shape c/m
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evox eyeliner tattoo
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Lel EvoX Avalon
VelvetVue Alma eyes
Doux Stormy
Giftset includes pleated long-sleeved mini-dress, pleated bellbottoms, beaded necklace, headpiece, harlequin-choker, leggings, bow-belt, purse and faux fur jacket.
Doll and shoes NOT INCLUDED.
Summary
The scheduled monument includes the keep of the tower keep castle at Canterbury, part of its bailey, a sample of land just outside the bailey, the postern gate of the later enclosure castle and the castle and city ditch which originated in the Romano-British period.
Reasons for Designation
The tower keep castle known as Canterbury Castle is scheduled for the following principal reasons: * Rarity: as a tower keep castle it is a rare site type, there being only about 104 examples surviving nationally; * Period: it is an integral part of the development of the historic defended city of Canterbury locally and of the morphology of tower keep castles nationally; * Documentation: both the history of the castle and the history of archaeological investigation are well documented; * Potential: there is good archaeological potential remaining for future investigation; * Group value: the tower keep castle has group value with the adjacent motte-and-bailey castle known as the Dane John and with the abutting city walls; * Survival: the tower keep castle survives well and the bailey survives reasonably well.
History
Tower keep castles are strongly fortified residences in which the keep is the principal defensive structure which may be surrounded by a defended enclosure. Tower keep castles were a natural successor to motte and bailey castles, with the keep replacing the motte as the principal point of the castle. Although tower keeps are commonly square, cylindrical and polygonal examples are also found. The square or rectangular stone keep and its Romanesque style of architecture is particularly characteristic of the Norman period. The use of stone rather than the wood construction of the motte and bailey castle reduced the risk of fire and gave added strength, bringing with it the possibility of a taller construction and the advantage of wider visibility of the surrounding landscape. The notion that the keep was constructed principally to be a defensible place of last resort against attack is currently discredited in favour of broader interpretations which see towers as buildings which provided settings for ceremonial functions and, by virtue of their size, as landscape markers symbolising authority.
Tower keep castles were built throughout the medieval period from immediately after the Norman Conquest to the mid-C15. The White Tower in London, built in c1070, was one of the first constructed in this country, and indeed Caen stone from northern France used in The White Tower is the same type of stone as that used in the construction of Canterbury Castle. The high point of this type of building was c1125-1150. A variant on the tower keep is the hall keep where instead of a vertical arrangement the hall and chamber are side by side. The total number of tower keep castles is 104 of which 77 are true tower keeps and 27 hall keeps. Tower keep castles are distributed throughout England with a concentration on the Welsh border and into Wales.
The main component of a classic tower keep castle is a tower of several floors; the lowest being a basement with no windows and access only from the floor above. The entrance would have been at the first floor with access from external steps protected and enclosed by a forebuilding. The first floor would have internal staircases to the upper floors. This first floor typically served as the hall for retainers with the upper floor used as a chamber for the lord, above which was the roof and access to fighting platforms. In many cases the floors are divided into two by a cross wall or arcade. Fireplaces, latrines and well shafts would typically be present. The keep tower was surrounded by a stone-built enclosure or ward defended by curtain walls sometimes with mural towers. Within the ward there would be domestic or garrison structures which could not be fitted into the tower. These were originally of timber but were later rebuilt in stone. Such structures might include stables, workshops, a chapel, hall and kitchen. Beyond the curtain wall a ditch was commonly present.
Although many tower keep castles developed into enclosure castles (where the defensive function of the castle was assumed by the enclosure walls and towers), their defensive function largely ended with the development of artillery and they either fell into ruin or were slighted during the civil war of the C17, or continued in use as residences and/or administrative centres.
The tower keep castle at Canterbury Castle was begun by William the Conqueror in about 1085 as a replacement for the motte and bailey castle centred on the Dane John Mound (scheduled NHLE 1003780 and listed Grade II NHLE 1085047) which lies close by, about 235m ESE of the later castle keep. The tower keep was surrounded by a wall and ditch enclosing a bailey of about four acres. The south wall of the bailey reused part of the earlier C3 Roman town wall and also coincided with the later medieval city wall (scheduled separately NHLE 1003554). The junction between the bailey wall and the Roman City wall can be seen in a change of wall construction where the coursed mortared whole flints at the back of the Roman wall are interrupted by the closely set C19 knapped flints of the repair following the demolition of the bailey wall. There was a bridge and gate into the bailey at its north end with access to the city on the line that is now Castle Street, and a corresponding one in the south side of the bailey where it coincided with the city walls. The northern gate was the Great Gate and the gate in the bailey wall, which had been the Roman gate in the south west side of the Roman town walls, was called the Worth Gate. The Roman Worth Gate was reused in the medieval period but was demolished in 1791. The remains of the Worth Gate and part of the city wall are incorporated into No 28 Castle Street (listed Grade II NHLE 1085095)
The keep was largely built in the reign of Henry I (1100-1135) as one of three Royal castles in Kent (the others being Rochester and Dover). Henry II (1154-1189) increased the extent of the castle and its fortifications by exchanging land elsewhere in Canterbury for land in the vicinity of the castle and also made repairs to the castle between 1173 and 1174. Repairs were made again between 1190 and 1193 in the reign of Richard I (1189-1199).
NOTABLE EVENTS The castle saw action several times and was involved in a number of notable events in English history: it surrendered to the Barons in the reign of King John (1199-1216); during the reign of Henry III (1216-1272) it was under the custody of Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, when it was taken by the French. The French had landed at the Isle of Thanet and Sandwich and embarked on a campaign in the area (1215-1217) at the time of the disputed claim to the throne of England by Louis VIII of France. It was also captured by the rebels in Wat Tyler’s rebellion of 1381.
USE AS A PRISON Apart from its defensive role, the castle was also used as a centre of administration by the sheriff, and, from about 1293, as a prison. The gaol at the castle had been in existence since the time of Edward I (1272-1307) when it was used for mass imprisonment and continued in use through to the time of Queen Mary (1553-1558) who employed it in connection with religious persecution until it was replaced by the Westgate (scheduled NHLE 1003554 and listed Grade I NHLE 1241660) in 1577.
LATER HISTORY By 1335 the castle was largely in ruins. The ruined castle was in royal hands until the early C17 when it was owned successively by a number of individuals. The castle walls and gate were demolished in 1791-2. The keep which now stands to two storeys high was reduced in height in 1817. The medieval topography of the area of the castle has been gradually reduced since the early C19. The gas company bought the keep in 1826, the water works also moved into the area and the tower was used as a coal store. The castle was finally purchased by Canterbury City Council in 1928.
Now only the ruins of the square keep and a small part of the bailey wall dating to about 1085 are left extant. Canterbury Castle was scheduled on 9 April 1915 and was listed Grade II on 3 December 1949 (the city wall which is on the line of the south bailey wall is scheduled separately as NHLE 1003554).
In the C19 and C20 the area which was formerly the castle bailey was partially occupied by the gas works, and other assocaited buildings. This area was, no doubt, damaged when the southern part of Canterbury was bombed during WWII in the Baedeker Raids of 31 May and 6-7 June 1942. These raids, named after the Baedeker travel guide books which the Germans used to identify their targets, were carried out on historic English cities in retaliation for the allied bombing of Lubeck on 28 March 1942. In any case open areas were created here by post-1945 clearance of C19 and earlier buildings. The western side of Castle Street was redeveloped as a multi storey car park but the eastern side remains (2014) as an open area car park with the exception of the Age Concern building.
EXCAVATION HISTORY There is a long history of excavation concerned with the castle, much of which was instigated by the Canterbury Archaeological Society and the Canterbury Archaeological Trust. This work followed on from discoveries made in the C19. In the present era the main planned excavations were in 1939 when Dr G Webster investigated the SE side of the keep; in 1953 and 1955 Professor SS Frere excavated the keep and the area towards the city wall. In 1971 Miss L Millard excavated the foundations of the original entrance to the keep and in 1975 to 1977 the Trust excavated to the west of the keep and the Rosemary Street car park to the north of the keep.
EARLIER HISTORY There is evidence for both Romano-British and Saxon presence in the area of the castle and bailey. The 1953 excavations by the Canterbury Archaeological Trust directed by Professor Frere, within and immediately outside the keep and beneath the medieval horizon, found evidence of late C2 or C3 occupation but no structures. In addition Saxon rubbish pits were discovered. Saxon evidence continues through to the city wall to the SE of the keep where C9 rubbish pits and a Saxon road were found overlying the Roman rampart. To the east of the keep in what is now the Castle Street car park there is evidence for Romano-British burials in the form of mortuary urns, one containing ashes, bone and pins. Excavations in 1976-1977 by Paul Bennett to the north of Gas Lane discovered evidence of occupation from the mid C1 which included a ditch of possibly military origin. Excavations in 1975 to the west of the keep, south of Gas Lane, found a mixed layer containing Romano-British building debris, indicating a building in the vicinity, and late Roman coins.
Details
The castle lies in what was the south part of the city; the southern bailey wall, built on the line of the earlier Roman town wall, became part of the medieval city wall. The city wall is separately scheduled (NHLE 1003554).
The keep, which measures 26m by 30m externally, has walls which are 2.7m thick. It comprises a thick (4m) rubble flint plinth at its base with bands of flint and Caen stone blocks above. There is no evidence that the plinth was faced in Caen stone blocks, but they may have been robbed out. The keep stands now to about 20m high and its square form denotes its Norman origin. It has buttresses clasping the angles and on the sides: one on each of the shorter sides and two on each of the longer sides. The keep originally had four round arched windows on each side, although because of its ruinous state not all survive. The interior has two cross walls and the remains of spiral staircases in the E and SW walls. Fireplaces composed of rubble set in herringbone pattern survive, set into the walls. There were at least three floors, marked by substantial beam-holes, though only beam-holes for the first floor survive. The upper floor has largely gone.
The keep, which is of typical Norman construction, originally had a first floor entrance via a forebuilding. The 1971 excavations on the west side of the keep by Miss L Millard with the Canterbury Archaeological Society located the foundations of this original entrance with its forebuilding. On the SE side of the keep excavation by Dr G Webster in 1939 showed that there was a later modification in the form of a probable C13 to C14 entrance with two round towers leading to a ground floor entrance.
The keep lies towards the SW side of the inner bailey. The only surface indications of the bailey wall and ditch is a ‘break in slope’ of the ground surface behind the oast house to the south of Gas Lane on the W side of the keep. However the buried remains of this bailey ditch and wall continue southwards towards the city wall. Also to the W of the keep, to the S of St Mildred’s church yard, is the site of a postern gate (one of three medieval posterns in the city walls) which is depicted in a pen and ink drawing of 1757 by Jonathan Skelton (c 1735-1759) and is in the Whitworth Art Gallery in Manchester. To the W of the bailey ditch is a grassed area. A trial trench dug in this vicinity in 1975 by Mrs P Garrard produced a number of pits and ditches. It was also shown that the area contained a sealed layer of plough soil indicating arable land use immediately outside the inner bailey after the castle was built. To the N of the keep beneath Gas Street is a further part of the inner bailey and a continuation of the bailey wall and ditch.
The area to the NNE of the Keep, where the archaeological stratigraphy is not destroyed by the Rosemary Lane car park and the make up of Castle Street, also contains part of the inner bailey, bailey wall and ditch and the remains of the Great Gate. The bailey and its defences extend into the land which is now Castle Street car park. Here finds of Romano-British mortuary urns indicate earlier use of the area.
The bailey and its defences extend S to the city walls (scheduled separately – see above). Here there are the buried and extant remains of the Romano-British Worth Gate which became the castle gate in the medieval period. On the S side of the scheduled city wall is the buried remains of the substantial Romano-British ditch which was also reused in the medieval period. This has been compromised by the construction of Rheims Way and the pedestrian underpass to the W of Castle Street but will survive to the E in the areas not affected by house cellars.
EXTENT OF SCHEDULING The scheduling aims to protect the tower keep castle including the keep, the surviving parts of the bailey and its ditch including a sample beyond the city wall. The maximum extent of the scheduling is about 165m NW-SE by about 106m NE-SW.
EXCLUSIONS A number of buildings and features are excluded from the scheduling; these include the Oasthouse and its adjoining building, No 28 Castle Street (Castle House) although the adjoining remains of the Romano-British Worthgate are included, 39 Castle Street, the buildings and structures in Castle Street car park including the Age Concern building; all wooden platform walk ways inside the keep, notice and information boards, service pipes and wiring, boundary walls and railings, paths, roads, tarmac hard surfaces and their makeup. However, the ground beneath all of the above features is included.
.:(CW):. Aisha Wedding Dress - Set - Celestinas Wedding by Sofia Corleone.
Includes:
Bouquet Roses & Diamond
Back accessorie
Tulle Veil Hat
Top & Skirt Mesh
Shoes (Maitreya, Slink and Belleza)
BONUS:
Garter
Atmospheric effects
*Slink Physique and Hourglass /*Belleza Isis, Freya /*Maitreya
Designer Showcase
September 5th - September 28th, 2019
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/West%20Amber/94/144/25
*********************************************************************
This is The new Wedding Venue from Celestinas Wedding by Sofia Corleone, 2019 Wedding Collection
Included the ceremony and reception area.
Most of the items are Copy, Mod, No Transfer
This wedding set comes with a:
♡ Wedding Altar (podium)
♡ Wedding Chair
♡ Cake (Gives cake plate with animation)
♡ Champagne (Gives with animation)
♡ Wedding Table & chairs (Gives with food)
♡ Souvenir & Table / Wedding Rice
♡ Flower Vase Urn
♡ Sign
*** Resizer
***The wedding cake and the ice bucket are Copy, No Mod, No Transfer
Designer Showcase * September Round *
September 5th - September 28th, 2019
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/West%20Amber/94/144/25
My Blog:
Castle , Kasteel de Haar near the suburb of Vleuten that includes village of Haarzuilen rebuild by architect Pierre Cuyper Project was finished in around 1912 took 20 years to be finished , Martin’s photograph , Utrecht , the Netherlands , June 5. 2019
Beautiful staircase
Beautiful staircase in castle , Kasteel de Haar
Staircase
Stairway critters sculptures in Castle
Stairway sculptures
Spiral stairway
Central Station in Amsterdam , build by architect Pierre Cuyper
de Rijks Museum in Amsterdam build by architect Pierre Cuyper
de Rijks Museum in Amsterdam
Central Station in Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Lavet bad tub
Lavet bad tub and washing machine
main door
Beautiful staircase
Kasteel de Haar near the suburb of Vleuten that includes village of Haarzuilen
architect Pierre Cuyper
Martin’s photograph
Utrecht
the Netherlands
Nederland
June 2019
Favourites
IPhone 6
Village of Haarzuilen
Kasteel de Haar
Castle the Haar
Kasteel de Haar was rebuild by architect Pierre Cuyper Project was finished in around 1912 took 20 years to be finished
city of Utrecht in the province Utrecht
Beautiful staircase in Kasteel de Haar
Door knocker
Beautiful window and seating
architect Pierre Cuyper
Sponsored By: Estus
Includes: Metals, Fatpack 01, Fatpack 02 HUDS | Shirt | Pretector | LM | Alpha Layer
Sizes/Fitted:
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Reborn
Legacy
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~ Additional Sponsored Products~
HEXZ :
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Left Applyer: Hexz - Lux Eyes - Set 2
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Lelutka:
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Sunny's Photo Studio
Pose: Amitie Mademoiselle Mirror
Kiosk: Sexy Girl - A - (1 - 5)
Taxi: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Sunny%20Photo%20Studio/126...
This Set Includes:
- HEELS
* Maitreya
* Slink High Feet
* Belleza
- HUD DRIVEN 35 Textures:
* Shoe&Platform
* Heel&Sole
* Lace
* Stitches
* Straps
* Bow
"FEET NOT INCLUDED"
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