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The NFL.com redesign can be classified as a Web 1.5 site, illustrating that pro sports seem loath to fully embrace the spirit of Web 2.0. Read: NFL . com Redesign - Web 1.5.

Having just written an Ode to my Casios in Business 2.0, I had to try something new…. The prior three photos in my stream are freehand shots from this FX-7.

 

Since I try to never use the flash indoors, I was curious about the Optical Image Stabilization feature (Mega OIS) built into the Leica lens array, a unique feature for a pocket camera. I’m not sure if I have figured out the correct photo conditions to take advantage of this feature (I tried chasing a flying bug with it =) but the photo tests by dpreview were pretty impressive. I wonder if the Casio Z55 and Z3 do so relatively well in low light because they go to f2.6 vs. the standard f2.8 in pocket cameras.

 

Compared to the Casio Z55, the FX-7 has a slightly better macro zoom (5cm vs. 6cm) and it is smaller, lighter, and dare I say, more stylish. The OIS feature is the most important one, but I have not had enough experience to compare that yet.

 

Major drawbacks vs. Casio:

1) short battery life. The battery mAh is 42% lower, and the circuitry and/or screen are less power efficient (50% by my estimate). The camera heats up noticeably during use. I am looking for a better aftermarket battery.

2) No cradle. Pulling batteries out to recharge, and draining the battery during photo uploading compounds the pain of short battery life.

 

Points of parity: 5MP with 3x zoom seems to be the sweet spot for pocket cameras. Both have a great assortment of automation features to help the novice take better photos. Both have a 2.5” LCD, which is essential in a pocket camera, IMHO. The viewfinder is an anachronism in cameras this size, and the much smaller area 2” screen (e.g., Canon SD400) is a pain as a viewfinder. When the Canon gets a 2.5” screen, it will be enticing with a 3cm macro and 2x the video resolution.

Inca Trail Trek to Machu Picchu

The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is beyond a doubt one of the most beautiful trails in America and an unforgettable experience not to be missed. The trail leads through the protected wild nature of the Peruvian jungle and forest steppe, passes several archeological Inca sights and offers impressive views. The Incas used this itinerary for theirpilgrimage to the sacred citadel Machu Picchu. inca trail to machu Picchu.

Package Name: Inca Trail Classic

Duration: 4 Days / 3 Nights

Type of Trek: Archaeological, Cultural, ecological and Adventure

Group Size: To suit group requirements

Difficulty degree of this hike: Moderate / Challenge

Departures Day:

- Our company organize daily departures

- All private service departure dates are adapted to your request.

- A minimum of 2 persons is needed for this trek

Activities: Trekking, Camping and Adventure

High Season: March - January

Route: Closed in February

Altitude: 2050 - 4200 m. / 6730 - 13780 f.

Inca Trail Trek Itinerary:

Day 1: Cusco - Km 82 – Wayllabamba - Yuncachimpa

we will leave Cusco (3350m/10990f) at 5:30 am by tourist bus to and head for the Sacred Valley of the Incas. Before we reach our starting point km 82, we make a short break in Ollantaytambo for having the option to get breakfast. The official beginning of the Inka Trail is called km 82. Here we will meet the rest of the group and take care of the registration facilities. After crossing the Rio Urubamba (2200m) we will start the legendary Inca Trail. The first day the trail is easy to walk and a good warm up for the fallowing days. In Miskay we’ll have lunch at a small river bank while getting some information about the archaeological complex of Llactapata. After that, we will continue our hike to Wayllabamba (3100m/10170f) and ascend to Yuncachimpa (3300m/10826f), the camping site we will spend the night in. From here, we have a great view of the mysterious Nevado de Verónica.

Level of difficulty: normal (easy)

Hiking time: 5-6 hours

Total distance: 11km approx.

Day 2: Yuncachimpa - Llulluchapampa – Warmihuañusca pass - Pacaymayu - Runkurakay pass - Chaquicocha

The second day is the ‘Free-Hike-Day’; that means, that everybody should walk in his/her own pace – of course you will meet during the small breaks or see each other while beating the stairs. Early in the morning the trails first leads through the Valley of Llulluchapampa (3850m/12631f). The first 3km are step - enjoy the humid woodland and the water sounds. From Llulluchapampa fallow the way for 2-3 hours until you crest the highest point of this section, the Warmihuañusca (Dead Woman Pass) (4200m/113780f). This climb is known as the most difficult part of the Inca Trail. After a short break at the summit, you continue your hike down with a long and steep descent to the river Pacamayo (Sunrise River) towards the Runkurakay pass (3050m/10007f) until you reach our camping site called Chaquicocha at (3650m/11975f). Here you can relax your body from the tough day while enjoying an amazing view over the mountains.

Level of difficulty: challenge

Hiking time: 7-8 hours

Total distance: 15 km approx. 

Day 3: Chaquicocha - Phuyupatamarca – Wiñayhuayna

The third day is the most beautiful one. You can notice a change in the eco-system while walking to the tropical forest of Wiñaywayna. We will pass two small lakes at the top of the second pass (3950m). It’s a gentle climb through beautiful cloud forest and a small Inca tunnel before the third pass (3700m) offers a grand view over the Rio Urubamba Valley. The nearest settlement is named Phuyupatamarca/"Town above the clouds" (3600m/11811f). A well preserved site with long chain Inca baths where one can enjoy impressive ancient engineering. We pass another Inca Tunnel before visiting the ruins of Wiñaywayna/"Forever young" (2650m/8694f). The Inca stairs change into a zigzag trail until you reach a red-roofed white building, our last camping site, and also a location with hot water (5S) and bottled drinks.

Level of difficulty: normal, unforgettable (easy)

Hiking time: 5-6 hours

Total distance: 10 km Approx.

 

Day 4: Wiñayhuayna - Machu Picchu - Cusco

After our breakfast at 4:30 am, we will head - equipped with our flashlights - to the Inti Punku (Sun Gate) to get the first glimpse of Machu Picchu and watch the sunrise over Machu Picchu and Wayna Picchu. The last triumphal descent will take you almost one hour before we visit the citadel of Machu Picchu (2400m//7874f) around 8.00am. You can enjoy its spiritual charm during a guided tour (about two hours) that helps you to understand the meaning and ancient use of the different buildings. After this tour you will have enough time to explore the archeological site on your own (f.ex. go to the Inca Bridge, explore the variety of buildings or climb Wayna Picchu for an amazing panorama picture). A bus takes you down to Aguas Calientes. Here you can soak away your aches and pain in the town’s hot springs (S10). We will leave Aguas Calientes in the afternoon.

Level of difficulty: normal, unique (easy)

Hiking time: 2-3 hours

Total distance: 7 km approx.

 

What is Included:

Transport

Private transfer from your hotel in Cusco to km 82

Tourist train from Aguas Calientes to Cusco (Poroy)/or Ollantaytambo and bus to Cusco

Transfer from the train station in Cusco to your hotel in Cusco

Entrance fees to the Inca trail and Machu Picchu

Professional bilingual guide (Spanish and English)

Camping equipment (professional two-persons tents: Doite, model Cima 4, extra light/4kg, Doite, model Kailas 3, extra light/4.5kg and Doite, model Himalaya, extra light/4.5kg; sleeping mats, dining tent equipped with a table and chairs, a sanitary tent)

Cook, cooking equipment, meals (3 breakfasts, 3 lunches and 3 dinners). Food includes pancakes, omelettes, soups, fresh fruit and spaghetti, chicken, fish, meat and rice, all rich in carbohydrates and very suitable for trekking, hot drinks including coca leafs tea which is excellent for the altitude

Tea and snack time everyday (tea, coffee, wantan, popcorn, cracker)

Porters to carry the main luggage (all the equipment and cooking stock)

First-aid kit, oxygen bottle and safety rope

 

What is not Included:

Sleeping bag rent: US$ 5 per day. Our sleeping bags are –8ºC-comfort (0ºF) and mummy form and include a sleeping liner.

Lunch on the last day after the guided tour at Machu Picchu

Entrance to the Hot Springs in Aguas Calientes

Optional night in Aguas Calientes can be arranged easily.

Alcoholic drinks

 

Recomended Things To Take

Sleeping bag (you can rent at Cusco Expeditions office).

Bottle of mineral water.

Rain gear and/or plastic poncho (can be purchase in Cusco).

Hiking boots.

Warm jacket or fleece, t-shirts, shorts, long pants, sun hat and wool hat.

Flashlight.

Sun block.

Insect repellent.

Toilet paper and garbage bag.

Small towel and bathing suit (hot springs optional).

Camera, extra film and extra batteries.

Snacks, chocolates, energy bars.

Emergency money.

Walking stick (optional).

 

CALL US We are ready to take your call.

Call us: Telephone: (+51) (84) 632307, Telefax: (+51) (84) 632307

 

Cell Phone: (+51) (84) 974727031 / 958191179 / 984567085 (24 hours available)

  

Address: Triunfo Street 392 - Centro Artesanal Arte Inka 2nd Floor 212 - Main Square of Cusco

  

Business Hours: Monday to Sunday: (From 9:00am to 13:00PM) - ( From 15:00PM - 8:00PM)

  

E-mail: contact@cuscoexpeditions.com, info@cuscoexpeditions.com

  

MSN: cuscoexpeditions@hotmail.com

  

Website: www.cuscoexpeditions.com/

  

Copyright © 2005-2020 Cusco Expeditions E.I.R.L. - Peruvian Tour Operator - Travel Agency

 

 

 

VENICE BIENNALE / VENEZIA BIENNIAL 2013 : BIENNALIST

www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html

 

Biennalist is an Art Format by Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel debating with artistic tools on Biennales and other cultural managed events . Often those events promote them selves with thematics and press releases faking their aim . Biennalist take the thematics of the Biennales very seriously , and test their pertinance . Artists have questioned for decade the canvas , the pigment , the museum ... since 1989 we question the Biennales .Often Biennalist converge with Emergency Room providing a burning content that cannot wait ( today before it is too late )

please contact before using the images : Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel 1@colonel.dk

www.colonel.dk

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In 2013 Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel is represented at the Malives pavilion at the Venice Biennale and then went further and received hospitality at the Zimbabwe pavilion with the Emergency Room Mobile

www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html

 

Meanwhile Thierry Geoffroy is in Copenhagen the work about todays emergencies continue at the gallery Marianne Friis on the

ULTRACONTEMPOARY WARM UP Wall established for this occasion since 6sept 2013

thierrygeoffroy.blogspot.dk/2013/09/colonel-s-warm-up-wal...

www.emergencyrooms.org

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lists of artists participating at the Venice Biennale :

Hilma af Klint, Victor Alimpiev, Ellen Altfest, Paweł Althamer, Levi Fisher Ames, Yuri Ancarani, Carl Andre, Uri Aran, Yüksel Arslan, Ed Atkins, Marino Auriti, Enrico Baj, Mirosław Bałka, Phyllida Barlow, Morton Bartlett, Gianfranco Baruchello, Hans Bellmer, Neïl Beloufa, Graphic Works of Southeast Asia and Melanesia, Hugo A. Bernatzik Collection, Ștefan Bertalan, Rossella Biscotti, Arthur Bispo do Rosário, John Bock, Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, Geta Brătescu, KP Brehmer, James Lee Byars, Roger Caillois, Varda Caivano, Vlassis Caniaris, James Castle, Alice Channer, George Condo, Aleister Crowley & Frieda Harris, Robert Crumb, Roberto Cuoghi, Enrico David, Tacita Dean, John De Andrea, Thierry De Cordier, Jos De Gruyter e Harald Thys, Walter De Maria, Simon Denny, Trisha Donnelly, Jimmie Durham, Harun Farocki, Peter Fischli & David Weiss, Linda Fregni Nagler, Peter Fritz, Aurélien Froment, Phyllis Galembo, Norbert Ghisoland, Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Domenico Gnoli, Robert Gober, Tamar Guimarães and Kasper Akhøj, Guo Fengyi, João Maria Gusmão & Pedro Paiva, Wade Guyton, Haitian Vodou Flags, Duane Hanson, Sharon Hayes, Camille Henrot, Daniel Hesidence, Roger Hiorns, Channa Horwitz, Jessica Jackson Hutchins, René Iché, Hans Josephsoh, Kan Xuan, Bouchra Khalili, Ragnar Kjartansson, Eva Kotátková, Evgenij Kozlov, Emma Kunz, Maria Lassnig, Mark Leckey, Augustin Lesage, Lin Xue, Herbert List, José Antonio Suárez Londoño, Sarah Lucas, Helen Marten, Paul McCarthy, Steve McQueen, Prabhavathi Meppayil, Marisa Merz, Pierre Molinier, Matthew Monahan, Laurent Montaron, Melvin Moti, Matt Mullican, Ron Nagle, Bruce Nauman, Albert Oehlen, Shinro Ohtake, J.D. ‘Okhai Ojeikere, Henrik Olesen, John Outterbridg, Paño Drawings, Marco Paolini, Diego Perrone, Walter Pichler, Otto Piene, Eliot Porter, Imran Qureshi, Carol Rama, Charles Ray, James Richards, Achilles G. Rizzoli, Pamela Rosenkranz, Dieter Roth, Viviane Sassen, Shinichi Sawada, Hans Schärer, Karl Schenker, Michael Schmidt, Jean-Frédéric Schnyder, Friedrich Schröder-Sonnenstern, Tino Sehgal, Richard Serra, Shaker Gift Drawings, Jim Shaw, Cindy Sherman, Laurie Simmons e Allan McCollum, Drossos P. Skyllas, Harry Smith, Xul Solar, Christiana Soulou, Eduard Spelterini, Rudolf Steiner, Hito Steyerl, Papa Ibra Tall, Dorothea Tanning, Anonymous Tantric Paintings, Ryan Trecartin, Rosemarie Trockel, Andra Ursuta, Patrick Van Caeckenbergh, Stan VanDerBeek, Erik van Lieshout, Danh Vo, Eugene Von Bruenchenhein, Günter Weseler, Jack Whitten, Cathy Wilkes, Christopher Williams, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Kohei YoshiyUKi, Sergey Zarva, Anna Zemánková, Jakub Julian Ziółkowski ,Artur Żmijewski.

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other pavilions at Venice Biennale

 

Andorra Artists: Javier Balmaseda, Samantha Bosque, Fiona Morrison

Commissioner: Henry Périer Deputy Commissioners: Francesc Rodríguez, Ermengol Puig, Ruth Casabella

Curators: Josep M. Ubach, Paolo De GrandisAngola Artist: Edson Chagas Commissioner: Ministry of Culture

Curators: Beyond Entropy (Paula Nascimento, Stefano Rabolli Pansera), Jorge Gumbe, Feliciano dos Santos

Argentina Artist: Nicola Costantino Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace Curator: Fernando Farina

Armenia Artist: Ararat SarkissianCurator: Arman Grogoryan /AustraliaArtist: Simryn Gill Commissioner: Simon Mordant Deputy Commissioner: Penelope Seidler Curator: Catherine de Zegher /AustriaArtist: Mathias Poledna ,Curator: Jasper Sharp /AzerbaijanArtists: Rashad Alakbarov, Sanan Aleskerov, Chingiz Babayev, Butunay Hagverdiyev, Fakhriyya Mammadova, Farid Rasulov /Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev FoundationCurator: Hervé Mikaeloff

Bahamas Artist: Tavares Strachan Commissioner: Nalini Bethel, Ministry of Tourism Curators: Jean Crutchfield, Robert HobbsDeputy Curator: Stamatina Gregory/BangladeshChhakka Artists’ Group: Mokhlesur Rahman, Mahbub Zamal, A. K. M. Zahidul Mustafa, Ashok Karmaker, Lala Rukh Selim, Uttam Kumar Karmaker. Dhali Al Mamoon, Yasmin Jahan Nupur, Gavin Rain, Gianfranco Meggiato, Charupit School/Commissioner/Curator: Francesco Elisei. , Curator: Fabio Anselmi./BahrainArtists: Mariam Haji, Waheeda Malullah, Camille Zakharia /Commissioner: Mai bint Mohammed Al Khalifa, Minister of Culture /Curator: Melissa Enders-Bhatiaa/BelgiumArtist: Berlinde De Bruyckere

Commissioner: Joke Schauvliege, Flemish Minister for Environment, Nature and Culture .Curator: J. M. Coetzee ,Deputy Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren /Bosnia and Herzegovina

Artist: Mladen Miljanovic .Commissioners: Sarita Vujković, Irfan Hošić

Brazil Artists: Hélio Fervenza, Odires Mlászho, Lygia Clark, Max Bill, Bruno Munari

Commissioner: Luis Terepins, Fundação Bienal de São Paulo,Curator: Luis Pérez-Oramas ,Deputy Curator: André Severo

CanadaArtist: Shary Boyle /Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada / Musée des beaux-arts du Canada ,Curator: Josée Drouin-Brisebois/Central AsiaArtists: Vyacheslav Akhunov, Sergey Chutkov, Saodat Ismailova, Kamilla Kurmanbekova, Ikuru Kuwajima, Anton Rodin, Aza Shade, Erlan Tuyakov

Commissioner: HIVOS (Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation)

Deputy Commissioner: Dean Vanessa Ohlraun (Oslo National Academy of the Arts/The Academy of Fine Art)

Curators: Ayatgali Tuleubek, Tiago Bom

Scientific Committee: Susanne M. Winterling

ChileArtist: Alfredo JaarCommissioner: CNCA, National Council of Culture and the Arts Curator: Madeleine Grynsztejn

ChinaArtists: He Yunchang, Hu Yaolin, Miao Xiaochun, Shu Yong, Tong Hongsheng, Wang Qingsong, Zhang Xiaotao

Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group (CAEG) ,Curator: Wang Chunchen

Costa Rica Artists: Priscilla Monge, Esteban Piedra, Rafael Ottón Solís, Cinthya Soto

Commissioner: Francesco EliseiCurator: Francisco Córdoba, Museo de Arte y Diseño Contemporáneo (Fiorella Resenterra)

Croatia Artist: Kata Mijatovic ,Commissioner/Curator: Branko Franceschi.

CubaArtists: Liudmila and Nelson, Maria Magdalena Campos & Neil Leonard, Sandra Ramos, Glenda León, Lázaro Saavedra, Tonel, Hermann Nitsch, Gilberto Zorio, Wang Du, H.H.Lim, Pedro Costa, Rui Chafes, Francesca Leone ,Commissioner: Miria ViciniCurators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza

CyprusArtists: Lia Haraki, Maria Hassabi, Phanos Kyriacou, Constantinos Taliotis, Natalie Yiaxi, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter Sinister /Louli Michaelidou

Deputy Commissioners: Angela Skordi, Marika Ioannou/Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas

Czech Republic & Slovak RepublicArtists: Petra Feriancova, Zbynek Baladran ,Commissioner: Monika Palcova, Curator: Marek Pokorny /DenmarkArtist: Jesper Just in collaboration with Project ProjectsEgypt

Artists: Mohamed Banawy, Khaled Zaki

EstoniaArtist: Dénes Farkas ,Commissioner: Maria Arusoo ,Curator: Adam Budak

FinlandArtist: Antti Laitinen , Commissioner: Raija Koli , Curators: Marko Karo, Mika Elo, Harri Laakso

FranceArtist: Anri Sala ,Curator: Christine Macel

GeorgiaArtists: Bouillon Group,Thea Djordjadze, Nikoloz Lutidze, Gela Patashuri with Ei Arakawa and Sergei Tcherepnin, Gio Sumbadze/Commissioner: Marine Mizandari, First Deputy Minister of Culture Curator: Joanna Warsza

GermanyArtists: Ai Weiwei, Romuald Karmakar, Santu Mofokeng, Dayanita Singh Commissioner/Curator: Susanne Gaensheimer /Great BritainArtist: Jeremy Deller ,Commissioner: Andrea Rose , Curator: Emma Gifford-Mead

Holy SeeArtists: Lawrence Carroll, Josef Koudelka, Studio Azzurro ,Curator: Antonio Paolucci

Hungary , Artist: Zsolt Asztalos , Curator: Gabriella Uhl

Iceland , Artist: Katrín Sigurðardóttir ,Commissioner: Dorotheé Kirch

Curators: Mary Ceruti , Ilaria Bonacossa/IndonesiaArtists: Albert Yonathan Setyawan, Eko Nugroho, Entang Wiharso, Rahayu Supanggah, Sri Astari, Titarubi

Deputy Commissioner: Achille Bonito Oliva , Assistant Commissioner: Mirah M. Sjarif

Curators: Carla Bianpoen, Rifky Effendy

IraqArtists: Abdul Raheem Yassir, Akeel Khreef, Ali Samiaa, Bassim Al-Shaker, Cheeman Ismaeel, Furat al Jamil, Hareth Alhomaam, Jamal Penjweny, Kadhim Nwir, WAMI (Yaseen Wami, Hashim Taeeh)

Commissioner: Tamara Chalabi (Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture)Curator: Jonathan Watkins.

IrelandArtist: Richard MosseCommissioner, Curator: Anna O’Sullivan

Israel , Artist: Gilad Ratman , Commissioners: Arad Turgeman, Michael GovCurator: Sergio Edelstein

ItalyArtists: Francesco Arena, Massimo Bartolini, Gianfranco Baruchello, Elisabetta Benassi, Flavio Favelli, Luigi Ghirri, Piero Golia, Francesca Grilli, Marcello Maloberti, Fabio Mauri, Giulio Paolini, Marco Tirelli, Luca Vitone, Sislej Xhafa ,Commissioner: Maddalena Ragni

Curator: Bartolomeo Pietromarchi /Ivory Coast Artists: Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, Tamsir Dia, Jems Koko Bi, Franck Fanny

Commissioner: Paolo De Grandis , Curator: Yacouba Konaté

Japan ,Artist: Koki Tanaka ,Curator: Mika Kuraya

KenyaArtists: Kivuthi Mbuno, Armando Tanzini, Chrispus Wangombe Wachira, Fan Bo, Luo Ling & Liu Ke, Lu Peng, Li Wei, He Weiming, Chen Wenling, Feng Zhengjie, César MeneghettiCommissioner: Paola Poponi ,Curators: Sandro Orlandi, Paola Poponi /Korea (Republic of)Artist: Kimsooja

KosovoArtist: Petrit Halilaj ,Commissioner: Erzen Shkololli ,Curator: Kathrin Rhomberg

KuwaitArtists: Sami Mohammad, Tarek Al-Ghoussein

Commissioner: Mohammed Al-Asoussi ,Curator: Ala Younis /Latin AmericaIstituto Italo-Latino Americano

Artists:Marcos Agudelo, Miguel Alvear & Patricio Andrade, Susana Arwas, François Bucher, Fredi Casco, Colectivo Quintapata (Pascal Meccariello, Raquel Paiewonsky, Jorge Pineda, Belkis Ramírez), Humberto Díaz, Sonia Falcone, León & Cociña, Lucía Madriz, Jhafis Quintero, Martín Sastre, Guillermo Srodek-Hart, Juliana Stein, Simón Vega, Luca Vitone, David Zink Yi. /Harun Farocki & Antje Ehmann. In collaboration with: Cristián Silva-Avária, Anna Azevedo, Paola Barreto, Fred Benevides, Anna Bentes, Hermano Callou, Renata Catharino, Patrick Sonni Cavalier, Lucas Ferraço Nassif, Luiz Garcia, André Herique, Bruna Mastrogiovanni, Cezar Migliorin, Felipe Ribeiro, Roberto Robalinho, Bruno Vianna, Beny Wagner, Christian Jankowski ,Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal ,Curator: Alfons Hug

Deputy Curator: Paz Guevara /Latvia Artists: Kaspars Podnieks, Krišs Salmanis ,Commissioners: Zane Culkstena, Zane Onckule ,Curators: Anne Barlow, Courtenay Finn, Alise Tifentale

LithuaniaArtist: Gintaras Didžiapetris, Elena Narbutaite, Liudvikas Buklys, Kazys Varnelis, Vytaute Žilinskaite, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter SinisterCommissioners: Jonas Žokaitis, Aurime Aleksandraviciute Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas /LuxembourgArtist: Catherine LorentCommissioner: Clément Minighetti Curator: Anna Loporcaro /MexicoArtist: Ariel Guzik ,Commissioner: Gastón Ramírez Feltrín ,Curator: Itala Schmelz

Montenegro ,Artist: Irena Lagator Pejovic .Commissioner/Curator: Nataša Nikcevic

The Netherlands ,Artist: Mark Manders

Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund ,Curator: Lorenzo Benedetti

New Zealand Artist: Bill Culbert ,Commissioner: Jenny Harper ,Deputy Commissioner: Heather Galbraith ,Curator: Justin Paton /Finland: ,Artist: Terike Haapoja ,Commissioner: Raija Koli ,Curators: Marko Karo, Mika Elo, Harri Laakso

Norway:Artists: Edvard Munch, Lene Berg

Curators: Marta Kuzma, Pablo Lafuente, Angela Vettese

Paraguay Artists: Pedro Barrail, Felix Toranzos, Diana Rossi, Daniel Milessi ,Commissioner: Elisa Victoria Aquino Laterza

Deputy Commissioner: Nori Vaccari Starck , Curator: Osvaldo González Real

Poland Artist: Konrad Smolenski Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska Curators: Agnieszka Pindera, Daniel Muzyczuk

Portugal Artist: Joana Vasconcelos Curator: Miguel Amado

RomaniaArtists: Maria Alexandra Pirici, Manuel Pelmus Commissioner: Monica Morariu Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damia Curator: Raluca VoineaArtists: Anca Mihulet, Apparatus 22 (Dragos Olea, Maria Farcas,Erika Olea), Irina Botea, Nicu Ilfoveanu, Karolina Bregula, Adi Matei, Olivia Mihaltianu, Sebastian MoldovanCommissioner: Monica Morariu ,Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian ,Curator: Anca Mihulet

Russia Artist: Vadim Zakharov ,Commissioner: Stella Kasaeva ,Curator: Udo Kittelmann

Serbia Artists: Vladimir Peric, Miloš Tomic .Commissioner: Maja Ciric

SloveniaArtist: Jasmina CibicCommissioner: Blaž Peršin ,Curator: Tevž Logar

South Africa Commissioner: Saul Molobi ,Curator: Brenton Maart

Spain Artist: Lara Almarcegui , Commissioner/Curator: Octavio Zaya

Switzerland Artist: Valentin Carron Commissioners: Pro Helvetia - Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki

Curator: Giovanni CarmineVenue: Pavilion at Giardini

Syrian Arab RepublicArtists: Giorgio De Chirico, Miro George, Makhowl Moffak, Al Samman Nabil, Echtai Shaffik, Giulio Durini, Dario Arcidiacono, Massimiliano Alioto, Felipe Cardena, Roberto Paolini, Concetto Pozzati, Sergio Lombardo, Camilla Ancilotto, Lucio Micheletti, Lidia Bachis, Cracking Art Group, Hannu Palosuo

Commissioner: Christian Maretti Curator: Duccio Trombadori

Taiwan Artists: Bernd Behr, Chia-Wei Hsu, Kateřina Šedá + BATEŽO MIKILU Curator: Esther Lu

Thailand Artists: Wasinburee Supanichvoraparch, Arin Rungjang

Curators: Penwadee Nophaket Manont, Worathep Akkabootara

Turkey Artist: Ali Kazma Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts Curator: Emre Baykal

Ukraine Artists: Ridnyi Mykola, Zinkovskyi Hamlet, Kadyrova Zhanna Commissioner: Victor Sydorenko

Curators: Soloviov Oleksandr, Burlaka Victoria

United Arab Emirates Artist: Mohammed Kazem /Commissioner: Dr. Lamees Hamdan Curator: Reem Fadda

Uruguay Artist: Wifredo Díaz Valdéz

Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale Curators: Carlos Capelán, Verónica Cordeiro

USA Artist: Sarah Sze Commissioners/Curators: Carey Lovelace, Holly Block

Venezuela Colectivo de Artistas Urbanos Venezolanos , Commissioner: Edgar Ernesto González Curator: Juan Calzadilla

 

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Encyclopedic Palace is curated by Massimiliano Gioni

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Other Biennales (Biennials ) : Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale

Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art

 

Erstes Shooting mit meinen neuen Blitz-Fernauslösern hat heute stattgefunden. Leider sind die Adapter, um die Empfänger mit den Blitzen zu verbinden, nicht sehr gut verarbeitet und einer ist gleich mal gebrochen.

 

Had the first shooting with my new flash-triggers today. Too bad, that the adapters, which you need to connect the triggers to the flashes, aren't the best quality. One broke already.

 

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Camera: Canon 5D Mark II

Lens: Canon 100mm f2.8L IS

Focal Length: 100mm

ISO: 400

Exposure: 1/400 sec at f / 3.2

Exposure Bias: -2/3 EV

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☛☛☛ F L A T T R   T H I S !

 

Thumb This Up @ StumbleUpon

 

Nutzungbedingungen für dieses Bild / Terms of use for this picture

Kern Invite - 11/01/08

Hart Park - Bakersfield, CA

 

www.andynoise.com/kernxcinvite08.html

 

JV Boys - 2008 Kern County Cross Country

Championships

School Athlete Time Overall Scoring Team

 

1. Ridgeview Tino Romero 11:17.25 1 1 1

2. Wasco Oscar Gomez 11:26.11 2 2 1

3. East Marc Sotello 11:26.90 3 x 1

4. Shafter Matthew Yanez 11:34.14 4 x 1

5. McFarland Grenardo Garcia 11:34.63 5 x 1

6. Highland Juan Delgado 11:37.47 6 3 1

7. Centennial Brandon Ballard 11:38.17 7 4 1

8. Ridgeview Ernesto Castillo 11:38.94 8 5 2

9. Shafter Elias Picazo 11:40.09 9 x 2

10. Ridgeview Sukhwinder Singh 11:42.25 10 6 3

11. Wasco M. Vasquez 11:49.94 11 7 2

12. East Felix Trevino 11:51.62 12 x 2

13. Ridgeview Tree Hoisson 11:52.34 13 8 4

14. Stockdale Raymon Griggs 11:52.62 14 9 1

15. Highland Rafael Alcaraz 11:53.30 15 10 2

16. East Esteban Vargas 11:54.83 16 x 3

17. McFarland Adam Marquez 11:56.93 17 x 2

18. Frontier Corry Harris 12:02.24 18 11 1

19. Highland M. Shaffer 12:04.99 19 12 3

20. Highland Jo Dixon 12:05.53 20 13 4

21. Centennial Nick Trieberg 12:06.03 21 14 2

22. Highland Daniel Espinosa 12:07.15 22 15 5

23. Foothill Cesar Espinosa 12:10.84 23 16 1

24. Highland Ernan Lopez 12:18.78 24 17 6

25. Stockdale P. Bowen 12:25.59 25 18 2

26. Stockdale Andrew Worth 12:26.63 26 19 3

27. Foothill Jovani Pineda 12:32.47 27 20 2

28. Centennial Jake Smoot 12:33.35 28 21 3

29. Foothill Robert Guillen 12:36.97 29 22 3

30. Garces Jose Lopez 12:37.53 30 23 1

31. Highland Pablo Santiago 12:38.23 31 24 7

32. Ridgeview Ian Dowot 12:38.71 32 25 5

33. Frontier Ramon Sanchez 12:42.97 33 26 2

34. Foothill Peter Reyna 12:45.32 34 27 4

35. Ridgeview Hector Garay 12:45.76 35 28 6

36. Frontier Brian Cisneros 12:46.11 36 29 3

37. Stockdale Cornelius Sockey 12:49.24 37 30 4

38. Stockdale Nick Haley 12:49.57 38 31 5

39. Frontier Christopher Bedke 12:51.77 39 32 4

40. Frontier Chris Corral 12:52.80 40 33 5

41. Centennial CJ Carr 12:55.06 41 34 4

42. Ridgeview Arty Sanchez 12:55.60 42 35 7

43. Garces Dominic Gallegos 12:56.21 43 36 2

44. Foothill Oscar Rivera 12:57.02 44 37 5

45. Shafter Jonatan Lopez 12:59.96 45 x 3

46. Stockdale Evan Szablowsk 13:01.10 46 38 6

47. BHS Hector Sanchez 13:02.38 47 39 1

48. Foothill Guillermo Cisneros 13:05.95 48 40 6

49. Stockdale Jit Malay 13:06.90 49 41 7

50. Highland Nick Lopez 13:07.10 50 42 8

51. Centennial Craig Varner 13:15.59 51 43 5

52. Highland Tyler Dunlap 13:20.14 52 44 9

53. Stockdale Davis McLeod 13:20.73 53 45 8

54. Foothill Luis Garcia 13:22.06 54 46 7

55. Shafter Miguel Sanchez 13:23.34 55 x 4

56. Independence Curtis Valencia 13:25.34 56 47 1

57. Wasco Kyle Bearley 13:26.41 57 48 3

58. Ridgeview Martin Oropeza 13:27.08 58 49 8

59. Frontier Chris Mount 13:28.88 59 50 6

60. Wasco Anthony Ramirez 13:29.86 60 51 4

61. Frontier Jairo Garcia 13:34.10 61 52 7

62. Stockdale Kevin Chun 13:37.01 62 53 9

63. Foothill Marcos Sandoval 13:38.55 63 54 8

64. Arvin Jose Rodriguez 13:39.04 64 x 1

65. Frontier Steven Saenz 13:39.36 65 55 8

66. Stockdale John Bracamant 13:40.57 66 56 10

67. Wasco Kr. Brown 13:43.42 67 57 5

68. Stockdale Adrian Esquivas 13:45.00 68 58 11

69. Stockdale Joshua St. Clair 13:46.57 69 59 12

70. BHS Josh Harbin 13:49.65 70 60 2

71. Mira Monte Hislon Belo 13:53.35 71 x 1

72. Stockdale Eric Jorgensen 13:56.96 72 61 13

73. Garces Anthony Martinez 14:05.99 73 62 3

74. Arvin Rodger Tabada 14:15.08 74 x 2

75. Stockdale Phillip Radon 14:16.70 75 63 14

76. Stockdale Landon Medina 14:18.10 76 64 15

77. East Donald Sanchez 14:18.32 77 x 4

78. Frontier Spencer Cordova 14:25.94 78 65 9

79. Frontier Matt Walker 14:32.16 79 66 10

80. Wasco Arturo Miranda 14:32.82 80 67 6

81. Highland Luis Lopez 14:36.85 81 68 10

82. Independence Devin Lane 14:43.22 82 69 2

83. Garces Sterling Garza 14:43.64 83 70 4

84. Mira Monte Michael Pineda 14:45.10 84 x 2

85. Stockdale Joshua Le 14:45.99 85 71 16

86. Independence Michael Gallarza 14:46.50 86 72 3

87. Foothill William Saavedra 14:48.22 87 73 9

88. BHS Trevor Dalke 14:48.96 88 74 3

89. Independence Andrew Cruz 14:57.45 89 75 4

90. Highland Alex Harrell 15:01.62 90 76 11

91. BHS Wesley Elrich 15:02.07 91 77 4

92. Frontier Jason Phillips 15:02.54 92 78 11

93. Foothill Mason De La Cruz 15:03.92 93 79 10

94. Highland Estevan Espinoza 15:06.66 94 80 12

95. Mira Monte Rick Mendoza 15:08.42 95 x 3

96. Foothill AJ Lara 15:09.07 96 81 11

97. Centennial Jarod Kashwer 15:13.28 97 82 9

98. Highland Ryan Gonzalez 15:28.65 98 83 13

99. BHS Andres Eagleson 15:35.28 99 84 5

100. Frontier Kevin Sanchez 15:41.75 100 85 12

101. Centennial Brent Williams 15:46.70 101 86 10

102. Ridgeview Eric Jacques 15:46.93 102 87 9

103. Garces P. Newman 15:55.87 103 88 5

104. Foothill Jose Mejia 16:22.51 104 89 12

105. Independence Sky Payne 16:38.36 105 90 5

106. Foothill Logan Power 20:16.50 106 91 13

107. Arvin Oswaldo Leyva 24:45.86 107 x 3

108. North Sonny Medina 25:53.00 108 x 1

Học phí không thay đổi toàn năm học 2013 www.korigami.vn

Học phí không thay đổi áp dụng cho cả niên học 2013: www.korigami.vn/p/ao-tao-va-day-nghe.html ( tư vấn chương trình học phù hợp với nguyện vọng và các chế độ khuyến mãi ... liên hệ trực tiếp tại hộp thư www.facebook.com/messages/kuansaigon )

#KORIGAMI ĐƯỢC CÁC BẠN YÊU NGHỀ TÓC TOÀN QUỐC BÌNH CHỌN LÀ BỘ GIÁO TRÌNH THÔNG MINH DỄ HỌC DỄ HIỂU DỄ ỨNG DỤNG NHẤT TRÊN THỰC TẾ ... HỌC VIÊN CHĂM CHỈ HỌC SAU NÀY CÓ THỂ ĐÀO TẠO BÀI BẢN CHO NHÂN VIÊN CỦA MÌNH KHI TỐT NGHIỆP KINH DOANH RIÊNG

#CAM KẾT HỌC CHUYÊN CẦN RA NGHỀ ĐẠT TRÌNH ĐỘ CHUYÊN MÔN ĐÚNG HOẶC SỚM HƠN KỲ HẠN MONG MUỐN ...

#ĐĂNG KÝ THỦ TỤC + KÝ HỢP ĐỒNG MẪU TẠI TRUNG TÂM LÀ NHẬP HỌC NGAY KHÔNG CẦN CHỜ ĐỢI ...

#KIỂM TRA TAY NGHỀ - CẤP CHỨNG CHỈ NGHỀ MANG THƯƠNG HIỆU KORIGAMI ...

#CÓ CHỖ ĂN Ở NỘI TRÚ DÀNH CHO HỌC VIÊN Ở XA VỚI CHI PHÍ HỢP LÝ ( học viên nội trú nộp 01 bản sao CMND công chứng + 01 bản sao HỘ KHẨU công chứng ... Ưu tiên miễn phí các chi phí này dành cho học viên đăng ký vừa học vừa làm tại trung tâm) ...

#CAM KẾT HỖ TRỢ VIỆC LÀM SAU KHI TỐT NGHIỆP LOẠI KHÁ TRỞ LÊN + HẠNH KIỂM TỐT ...

#TƯ VẤN HỖ TRỢ THIẾT KẾ LẮP ĐẶT TOÀN BỘ NỘI THẤT + SẢN PHẨM + TRANG THIẾT BỊ DỤNG CỤ NGHỀ TÓC + SPA KHI HỌC VIÊN TỐT NGHIỆP MỞ TIỆM ... THẢO LUẬN PHƯƠNG PHÁP KINH DOANH BỀN VỮNG THU HỒI VỐN NHANH ... LÀM GIÀU BẰNG CHÍNH THỰC LỰC ...

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KHÓA ĐƠN

@Khóa A cơ bản cắt ép uốn nhuộm gội sấy nam nữ (15tr / 4 tháng ra nghề ... tặng đầy đủ dụng cụ học tập). www.korigami.vn/p/khoa-day-cat-toc-nam-nu-ep-uon-nhuom.html

@Khoá B nâng cao dành cho thợ đã biết nghề (20tr / 2 tháng ... tặng một số dụng cụ học tập cần thiết). www.korigami.vn/p/khoa-b-day-cat-toc-nam-nu-ep-uon-nhuom....

@Khoá C cơ bản cấp tốc dành cho các bạn đang chờ Visa đi nước ngoài định cư (20tr / 2 tháng hoặc nhanh hơn ... tặng đầy đủ dụng cụ học tập). www.korigami.vn/p/khoa-c-day-cat-toc-nam-nu-ep-uon-nhuom....

@Khoá D trang điểm chuyên nghiệp (15 tr / 2 tháng ra nghề ... tặng đầy đủ dụng cụ học tập). www.korigami.vn/p/khoa-d-trang-iem-e-boi-toc-co-dau.html

@Khoá E bới tóc chuyên nghiệp (10 tr / 2 tháng ra nghề ... tặng đầy đủ dụng cụ học tập). www.korigami.vn/p/khoa-d-trang-iem-e-boi-toc-co-dau.html

---------------------------------

KHÓA GHÉP

@Khoá học liên thông khóa AB cơ bản nâng cao (25tr / 6 tháng ra nghề ... tặng đầy đủ dụng cụ học tập). www.korigami.vn/p/khoa-ab-day-cat-toc-nam-nu-ep-uon-nhuom...

@Khoá học liên thông siêu tốc BC cơ bản nâng cao (30 tr / tầm 3-4 tháng ra nghề ... tặng đầy đủ dụng cụ học tập). www.korigami.vn/p/khoa-ab-day-cat-toc-nam-nu-ep-uon-nhuom...

@Khóa học liên kết trang điểm + bới tóc chuyên nghiệp D+E ( 20 triệu / 3 tháng ra nghề ... tặng bộ dụng cụ trang điểm chuyên nghiệp ... phụ liệu tóc sẽ do học viên tự trang bị )

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HÓT NHẤT 2013:

@Khoá học AZ tổng quát tất cả các khoá học hiện có tại Korigami (45 tr / 7-8 tháng ra nghề ... tặng đầy đủ dụng vụ học tập). www.korigami.vn/p/khoa-en-z-tong-hop-cat-toc-nam-nu-trang...

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KHÓA HỌC RIÊNG BIỆT TỪNG CHUYÊN NGÀNH www.korigami.vn/p/khoa-f1-f2-f3-f4-cat-toc-nam-nu-co-ban....

@ Khóa cắt tóc nam cơ bản F1 ( 8 triệu / 1 tháng ra nghề ... tặng kéo + lược + manocanh + kẹp + bình xịt )

@ Khóa cắt tóc nam nâng cao + hóa chất tóc nam F2 ( 11 triệu / 2 tháng ra nghề ... tặng kéo + lược + manocanh + kẹp + bình xịt + tài trợ hóa chất làm tóc )

@ Khóa cắt tóc nữ cơ bản F3 ( 11 triệu / 1,5 tháng ra nghề ... tặng kéo + lược + manocanh + kẹp + bình xịt )

@ Khóa cắt sấy tạo kiểu tóc nữ chuyên sâu F4 ( 14 triệu / 1,5 tháng ra nghề ... tặng kéo + lược + manocanh + kẹp + bình xịt )

@ Khóa cắt sấy tạo kiểu tóc nữ chuyên sâu + hóa chất toàn diện tóc nữ F5 ( 23 triệu / 2,5 đến 3 tháng ... tặng đầy đủ dụng cụ học nghề tóc nữ )

-------------------------------------

KHÓA HỌC CHUYÊN NGÀNH HÓA CHẤT LÀM TÓC

@ KHÓA [G] NHUỘM TÓC CHUYÊN NGHIỆP : học phí 6 triệu / 7 buổi học ~ 1 tuần / hỗ trợ miễn phí hóa chất khi thực hành trên mẫu tóc thật.

@ KHÓA [H] ÉP DUỖI PHỒNG VOLUME + UỐN MÁY SETTING + LÀM XÙ TỔNG HỢP : học phí 8 triệu / 15 buổi học ~ 02 hoặc 03 tuần / hỗ trợ miễn phí hóa chất khi thực hành trên mẫu tóc thật.

@ KHÓA [ I ] CHUYÊN NGÀNH UỐN XOĂN MÁY NÓNG SETTING KỸ THUẬT SỐ : học phí 6 triệu / 7 buổi học / hỗ trợ miễn phí hóa chất khi thực hành trên mẫu tóc thật.

@ KHÓA GHÉP [G + H] : học phí 12 triệu / 20 buổi học ~ 3 đến 4 tuần : nội dung học kết hợp 2 khóa [G] và [H]

@ KHÓA GHÉP [G + I] : học phí 10 triệu / 20 buổi học ~ 3 đến 4 tuần : nội dung học kết hợp 2 khóa [G] và [ I ]

------------------------------------

KHÓA VỪA HỌC VỪA LÀM --- HƯỞNG RẤT NHIỀU ƯU ĐÃI DO KORIGAMI TÀI TRỢ

@Khoá J vừa học vừa làm - trình độ tương đương khoá A (15 tr / 9 tháng ... không tặng dụng cụ học tập ... miễn phí ăn ở nội trú trong suốt quá trình học đến ra nghề ... sau 4 tháng học xét cấp học bổng và ký hợp đồng làm việc lâu dài tại trung tâm Korigami ...)

------------------------------------

Bạn nên truy cập link dưới đây để tham khảo thật cẩn thận từng chi tiết về hồ sơ thủ tục đăng ký + chế độ chương trình học cuát tất cả các khóa học tạo mẫu tóc - trang điểm - bới tóc cô dâu - vẽ móng nghệ thuật ... trình độ cơ bản đến nâng cao - thời gian ra nghề thông thường hoặc siêu tốc - những chế độ ưu đãi dành cho học viên vừa học vừa làm tại www.korigami.vn/p/ao-tao-va-day-nghe.html

------------------------------------

Liên hệ trực tiếp : KORIGAMI 7 TRẦN TẾ XƯƠNG ven hồ Trúc Bạch _ quận Ba Đình _ Hà Nội ( dễ tìm nhất là đi từ 122 Trấn Vũ vào ngã tư đầu tiên rẽ trái là đến nơi _ Xem bản đồ tại đây maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=213092627580361168... )

Ngoài ra... Korigami nhận thực hiện tạo kiểu tóc + trang điểm bới tóc dạ hội theo yêu cầu khi quí khách đặt lịch hẹn trong vòng 1 tiếng trước khi đến ... Hãy gọi hoặc nhắn tin theo số 0915804875 - 0919386104 ( xem giá cả chi tiết các dịch vụ tại đây www.korigami.vn/p/bang-gia-dich-vu-tu-van-cat-toc-tao.html )

  

DR. ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA

 

www.danoex.net/adolfovasquezrocca.html

 

Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

E-mail: adolfovrocca@gmail.com

  

TRAYECTORIA ACADÉMICA

  

Doctor en Filosofía por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Postgrado Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Filosofía IV, mención Filosofía Contemporánea y Estética. Profesor de Postgrado del Instituto de Filosofía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Profesor de Antropología y Estética en el Departamento de Artes y Humanidades de la Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB. Profesor de la Escuela de Periodismo, Profesor Adjunto Escuela de Psicología y de la Facultad de Arquitectura UNAB Santiago. Profesor PEL Programa Especial de Licenciatura en Diseño, UNAB – DUOC UC – En octubre de 2006 y 2007 es invitado por la 'Fundación Hombre y Mundo' y la UNAM a dictar un Ciclo de Conferencias en México. –Miembro del Consejo Editorial Internacional de la 'Fundación Ética Mundial' de México. Director del Consejo Consultivo Internacional de 'Konvergencias', Revista de Filosofía y Culturas en Diálogo, Argentina. Miembro del Consejo Editorial Internacional de Revista Praxis –Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional UNA, Costa Rica. Miembro del Conselho Editorial da Humanidades em Revista, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil y del Cuerpo Editorial de Sophia –Revista de Filosofía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador–. –Secretario Ejecutivo de Revista Philosophica PUCV. –Asesor Consultivo de Enfocarte –Revista de Arte y Literatura– Cataluña / Gijón, Asturias, España. –Miembro del Consejo Editorial Internacional de 'Reflexiones Marginales' –Revista de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras UNAM. –Editor Asociado de Societarts, Revista de artes y humanidades, adscrita a la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. –Miembro del Comité Editorial de International Journal of Safety and Security in Tourism and Hospitality, publicación científica de la Universidad de Palermo. –Miembro Titular del Consejo Editorial Internacional de Errancia, Revista de Psicoanálisis, Teoría Crítica y Cultura –UNAM– Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. –Miembro de la Federación Internacional de Archivos Fílmicos (FIAF) con sede en Bruselas, Bélgica. Director de Revista Observaciones Filosóficas. Profesor visitante en la Maestría en Filosofía de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. – Profesor visitante Florida Christian University USA y Profesor Asociado al Grupo Theoria – Proyecto europeo de Investigaciones de Postgrado –UCM. Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu. Académico Investigador de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Andrés Bello. –Investigador Asociado y Profesor adjunto de la Escuela Matríztica de Santiago –dirigida por el Dr. Humberto Maturana. Consultor Experto del Consejo Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad (CNIC)– Artista conceptual. Crítico de Arte. Ha publicado el Libro: Peter Sloterdijk; Esferas, helada cósmica y políticas de climatización, Colección Novatores, Nº 28, Editorial de la Institución Alfons el Magnànim (IAM), Valencia, España, 2008. Invitado especial a la International Conference de la Trienal de Arquitectura de Lisboa | Lisbon Architecture Triennale 2011. Traducido al Francés - Publicado en la sección Architecture de la Anthologie: Le Néant Dans la Pensée Contemporaine . Publications du Centre Français d'Iconologie Comparée CFIC, Bès Editions , París, © 2012

  

PUBLICACIONES

 

Publicaciones Internacionales Catalogadas en DIALNET Directorio de Publicaciones Científicas Hispanoamericanas

 

dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/autor?codigo=1053859

  

Publications Scientific

 

de.scientificcommons.org/adolfo_v%C3%A1squez_rocca

  

Biblioteket og Aarhus Universitet, Denmark | Det Humanistiske Fakultet

 

www.statsbiblioteket.dk/

  

BIBLIOTECA UNI>ERSIA – Unesco - CSIC

 

biblioteca.universia.net/search.do?q=Adolfo+V%C3%A1squez+...

  

Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca - Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

emui.academia.edu/AdolfoVasquezRocca

  

Biblioteca Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Revistas Científicas Complutenses

  

Directorio de recursos digitales - Ministerio de Cultura, España

  

Biblioteca Asociación Filosófica UI

 

www.uruguaypiensa.org.uy/categoria_144_1_1.html

  

Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

 

emui.academia.edu/AdolfoVasquezRocca

  

Publicaciones Indexadas en la Revista Complutense - Nómadas. Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas UCM+Madrid - Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca

  

Philosophy & Art: Pinterests Design

 

pinterest.com/adolfovrocca/

  

ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA PH.D. - CURRICULUM ACADÉMICO ABREVIADO

 

www.linkedin.com/pub/adolfo-vasquez-rocca/25/502/21a

   

LIBROS

 

VÁSQUEZ ROCCA, Adolfo

 

Libro: Peter Sloterdijk; Esferas, helada cósmica y políticas de climatización, Colección Novatores, Nº 28, Editorial de la Institución Alfons el Magnànim (IAM), Valencia, España, 2008. 221 páginas | I.S.B.N.: 978-84-7822-523-1

 

Libro: Rorty: el Giro narrativo de la Ética o la Filosofía como género literario [Compilación de Conferencias en México D.F.] Editorial Hombre y Mundo (H & M), México, 2009, 450 páginas I.S.B.N.: 978-3-7800-520-1

 

'LE NÉANT DANS LA PENSÉE CONTEMPORAINE' ,

Publications du Centre Français d'Iconologie Comparée CFIC , , ISBN: 978-2-35424-151-3 , Bès Editions , París, © 2012 ,

 

- VV.AA., VÁSQUEZ ROCCA, Adolfo, Antologado y Traducido al Francés - Publicado en la sección Architecture de la Anthologie: Le Néant Dans la Pensée Contemporaine . Publications du Centre Français d'Iconologie Comparée CFIC, Bès Editions , París, © 2012

  

INVESTIGACIÓN:

2009 - 2010

 

Proyecto de Investigación N° DI-10-09/JM - UNAB

 

“Ontología de las distancias en Sloterdijk, hacia una teoría antropotécnica de las comunicaciones”.

 

Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Andrés Bello – Fondo Jorge Millas 2009, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación UNAB

  

2011 - 2012

 

- Proyecto de Investigación N° DI-08-11/JM - UNAB

 

- Proyecto de Investigación: “Ontología del cuerpo en la Filosofía de Jean Luc Nancy, Biopolítica, Alteridad y Estética de la Enfermedad”.

 

Dirección General de Investigación y Desarrollo, (VRID) – Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Doctorado UNAB

 

Fondo Jorge Millas 2011 - 2012, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación. Universidad Andrés Bello

  

Asistente de Investigación:

Mag. Susanna Bozzetto: Universitat de Barcelona - Màster en Pensament Contemporani - Máster en Edición de Textos

  

ADOLFO VAŚQUEZ ROCCA PH.D. TRAYECTORÍA ACADÉMICA

  

TRAYECTORÍA ACADÉMICA

 

Doctor en Filosofía por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Postgrado Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Filosofía IV, Teoría del Conocimiento y Pensamiento Contemporáneo. Áreas de Especialización Antropología y Estética.

 

– PROFESOR DE POSTGRADO DEL INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFÍA DE LA PUCV – PROFESOR ASOCIADO AL GRUPO THEORIA PROYECTO EUROPEO DE INVESTIGACIONES DE POSTGRADO UCM

Philosophie und Sozialwissenschaften - Philosophy and Social Sciences - Philosophie des Sciences Sociales. GRUPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE | Madri+d UCM 1391 - COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID. www.ucm.es/info/eurotheo/

 

(1993) Profesor del Seminario "Lógica Contemporánea 'Wittgenstein y El Círculo de Viena' ", Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

 

(1995-1998) Director de Investigación Teoría del Conocimiento -Theory of Knowledge Tok- The Mackay School, Bachillerato Internacional, International Baccalaureate.

 

(2005-2010) Profesor de Antropología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello.

 

(2005-2010) Profesor de Antropología Filosófica y Estética, Departamento de Artes y Humanidades de la Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2012) Profesor de Estética, Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB

 

(2006 - 2007) - Profesor del MAGISTER EN ETNOPSICOLOGÍA y DIPLOMADO EN PSICOLOGÍA CLÍNICA "PSICOPATOLOGÍA, SUBJETIVIDAD Y CULTURA". ESCUELA DE PSICOLOGÍA PUCV

 

(2006 - 2012) Profesor de Estética Escuela de Arquitectura, Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2012) Profesor de Fundamentos Culturales de la Comunicación. Escuela de Periodismo, Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2010) Profesor de la Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2007) Profesor invitado Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

 

(2007- 2012) Profesor visitante de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, semestre de otoño 2007, BUAP

 

(2005-2008) Profesor de Postgrado, Instituto de Filosofía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, PUCV

 

(2005-2012) Profesor Asociado Grupo THEORIA Proyecto europeo de Investigaciones de Postgrado. UCM

 

(2009-2010) Profesor visitante Florida Christian University USA

 

(2010- 2011) Director Académico Carrera de Filosofía y Teología, Universidad Cristiana de Chile UCCH

 

(2012) Investigador Asociado a la Escuela Matríztica de Santiago –dirigida por el Dr. Humberto Maturana.

 

(2009-2012) Académico Investigador de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Andrés Bello.

 

(2012) Consultor Experto del Consejo Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad (CNIC)

  

SEMINARIOS

 

Asignaturas de Postgrado impartidos:

  

2005 - 2º Seminario "Rorty: ironismo liberal y giro narrativo de la Filosofía".

 

2006 1º Seminario Sloterdijk: "Crítica de la Razón Cínica"

 

2006 2º Seminario "Nietzsche; Genealogía de la moral y voluntad de ficción"

 

2007 1º Seminario Sloterdijk - Nietzsche

 

2007 2º Seminario: Sloterdijk un pensador estético

 

2008 1º Seminario "Peter Sloterdijk - W. Benjamín; De la Filosofía a la Arquitectura"

 

2008 2º Seminario "Sloterdijk y Baudrillard; Ontología de las distancias y antropotécnica de las comunicaciones"

 

2011 2º Seminario "DERRIDA Y SLOTERDIJK; DE LOS ESPECTROS DE MARX A LOS ESTADOS GENERALES DEL PSICOANÁLISIS", Postgrado en Psicoanálisis, Universidad Ándres Bello UNAB, Escuela de Psicología.

  

ENTREVISTA:

 

“La Filosofía como teoría erótica. Entrevista a Adolfo Vásquez Rocca PhD". Entrevista en 'ALCANCES' Vol.I, Nº 1, año 2010 – REVISTA DE FILOSOFÍA – de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades de la UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE.

www.alcances.cl/ver-articulo.php?id=81

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Ontología del cuerpo y estética de la enfermedad en Jean–Luc Nancy; de la téchne de los cuerpos a la apostasía de los órganos", En EIKASIA, Revista de Filosofía, Nº 44 - Mayo 2012- ISSN 1885-5679 - Oviedo, España, pp. 59-84.

www.revistadefilosofia.com/44-04.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Nietzsche: de la voluntad de poder a la voluntad de ficción como postulado epistemológico”, En Revista NÓMADAS Nº 37 – 2012, pp. 41 – 53, Instituto de Estudios Sociales Contemporáneos, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Humanidades y Arte –Universidad Central, Colombia.

dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4052835.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Facebook; del desprecio de las masas a la «sabiduría de las multitudes»", En Revista Almiar – Nº 66 – 2012 – MARGEN CERO, Madrid, www.margencero.com/almiar/facebook-desprecio-masas/

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “En torno al diseño de lo humano en Sloterdijk: De la ontotecnología a las fuentes filosóficas del posthumanismo”, En La lámpara de Diógenes, Revista de Filosofía, BUAP, Año 13, Números 24 y 25, Vol. 13 – enero-junio 2012 – julio-diciembre 2012, pp. 127 – 140

www.ldiogenes.buap.mx/revistas/24/127.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Peter Sloterdijk: Has de cambiar tu vida; prácticas antropotécnicas y constitución inmunitaria de la naturaleza humana", En Revista Observaciones Filosóficas - Nº 13 – 2012 – ISSN 0718-3712 – www.observacionesfilosoficas.net/sloterdijk-hasdecambiart...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, Resumen/Abstract: "Nietzsche: de la voluntad de ficción al pathos de la verdad; aproximación estético‐epistemológica a la concepción biológica de lo literario", En EIKASIA, Revista de la Sociedad Asturiana de Filosofía SAF, Nº 46 - Noviembre 2012 - ISSN 1885-5679 - Oviedo, España, pp. 31 - 32

www.revistadefilosofia.com/46-02r.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Nietzsche: de la voluntad de ficción al pathos de la verdad; aproximación estético‐epistemológica a la concepción biológica de lo literario", En EIKASIA, Revista de la Sociedad Asturiana de Filosofía SAF, Nº 46 - Noviembre 2012 - ISSN 1885-5679 - Oviedo, España, pp. 33 – 44.

www.revistadefilosofia.com/46-02.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk: Neuroglobalización, estresores y prácticas psico-inmunológicas", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nómadas Nº 35 | Julio-Diciembre.2012 - 2013 (I), pp. 427 - 457

pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/nomadas/35/adolfovrocca.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk: Experimentos con uno mismo, ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria y constitución psico-inmunitaria de la naturaleza humana", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nómadas Nº 35 | Julio-Diciembre.2012 - 2013 (I), pp. 459 - 490 pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/nomadas/35/adolfovrocca_...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, Resumen/Abstract: "Sobre el concepto de antropotécnica en Peter Sloterdijk y la constitución inmunitaria de la naturaleza humana", En Revista Observaciones Filosóficas - Nº 13 – 2012 – ISSN 0718-3712 – www.observacionesfilosoficas.net/sloterdijk-hasdecambiart...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Foucault: 'Los Anormales'; una Genealogía de los Monstruoso. Apuntes para una Historiagrafía de la Locura", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nº 34 – 2012 (2), pp. 403 - 420

pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/nomadas/34/adolfovrocca.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Ontología del Cuerpo y estética de la enfermedad en Jean-Luc Nancy: De la téchne de los cuerpos a la apostasía de los órganos", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nº 34 – 2012 (2), pp. 421-445

pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/nomadas/34/adolfovrocca_...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Peter Sloterdijk: Experimentos con uno mismo; Ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria e inmunología especulativa”, En Revista Observaciones Filosóficas ISSN 0718-3712 –ROF– 2012, y Directorio DOAJ – Directory of Open Access Journals – Lund University, Suecia.

www.doaj.org/doaj?func=fulltext&aId=1320292

  

2013

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Facebook; del desprecio de las masas a ‘la sabiduría de las multitudes’”, En HOMINES, Portal de Arte y Cultura, Málaga, 2013. www.homines.com/palabras/facebook_desprecio_masas/index.h...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "El Cine de Raúl Ruiz: Políticas Estéticas, Ontología de lo Fantástico y Polisemia Visual", Re-edición en CINEMATOGRAFÍA, Estudios sobre Cine, Dossier, 2013.

cinemagrafia.wordpress.com/articulos/el-cine-de-raul-ruiz...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Los límites de la Medicina crítica, encarnizamiento terapéutico y concepto de muerte clínica”, en Revista Almiar, MARGEN CERO, Revista bimestral - III Época Nº 68 / marzo - abril 2013, Madrid.

www.margencero.com/almiar/limites-medicina-concepto-muert...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk; Ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria e inmunología especulativa", En Revista Observaciones Filosóficas - Nº 14 – 2013 – ISSN 0718-3712

www.observacionesfilosoficas.net/sloterdijkensayosdeintox...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Individualismo, Modernidad Líquida y Desilusión Hipermoderna: De Bauman a Sloterdijk”, En “Redazione Rosebud” –Critica, Scrittura, Giornalismo– Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Cagliari – marzo, 2013.

rinabrundu.com/2013/03/23/filosofia-individualismo-y-mode...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "La Posmodernidad. Nuevo régimen de verdad, violencia metafísica y fin de los metarrelatos", Reedición en ROSEBUD – Redazione –Critica, Scrittura, Giornalismo– Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Cagliari, Italia, abril, 2013.

rinabrundu.com/2013/03/31/filosofia-la-posmodernidad-nuev...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Peter Sloterdijk: Experimentos con uno mismo, ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria y constitución psico-inmunitaria de la naturaleza humana”, Artículo –paper– Proyecto de Investigación –CNIC– Consejo Nacional de Ciencia – THEORIA – UCM+Madrid. En Revista Observaciones Filosóficas, ISSN 0718-3712, Sección Documentos: 2013 Url:

www.observacionesfilosoficas.net/download/Peter-sloterdij...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk; Psicopolítica, Globalización y Mundo interior del Capital", En Escáner Cultural - Revista de Arte Contemporáneo y Nuevas Tendencias, Santiago- [Re-Edición 2013], Paper y Conferencia en el IV Congreso Internacional y VII Nacional de Filosofía del Derecho, Ética y Política, Organizado por la Facultad de Filosofía, de Derecho y la Oficina de Relaciones Interinstitucionales (ORI) de la Universidad Libre en Colombia, y la Facultad de Derecho del Centro Universitário Newton Paiva en Bello Horizonte – Brasil, 22, 23 y 24 de abril de 2013, Programa del Congreso

revista.escaner.cl/node/1987

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sartre; teoría fenomenológica de las emociones, existencialismo y conciencia posicional del mundo", Revista Almiar, MARGEN CERO, Revista bimestral - III Época Nº 69 / mayo-junio 2013, Madrid.

www.margencero.com/almiar/sartre-existencialismo-y-concie...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk: Experimentos con uno mismo, ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria y constitución psico-inmunitaria de la naturaleza humana", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nómadas Nº 35 | Julio-Diciembre.2012 - 2013 (I), pp. 459 - 490

www.theoria.eu/nomadas/35/adolfovrocca_2.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “En torno al diseño de lo humano en Sloterdijk: De la ontotecnología a las fuentes filosóficas del posthumanismo”, En La lámpara de Diógenes, Revista de Filosofía, BUAP, Año 13, Números 24 y 25, Vol. 13 – enero-junio – julio-diciembre 2012-2013, pp. 127 – 140

www.ldiogenes.buap.mx/revistas/24/127.pdf

   

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk y Heidegger: Normas para el Parque Zoológico-Temático Humano, Culturas Post-Humanísticas y Capitalismo Cárnico Contemporáneo", En “Redazione Rosebud” –Critica, Scrittura, Giornalismo– Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Cagliari – mayo, 2013

rinabrundu.com/2013/05/05/sloterdijk-y-heidegger-normas-p...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk: Neuroglobalización, estresores y prácticas psico-inmunológicas", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nómadas Nº 35 | Julio-Diciembre.2012 - 2013 (I), pp. 427 - 457

www.theoria.eu/nomadas/35/adolfovrocca.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Peter Sloterdijk: Experimentos con uno mismo. Ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria y constitución psicoinmunitaria de la naturaleza humana”, En ARTEFACTO -Pensamientos sobre la Técnica- UBA, abril, 2013

www.revista-artefacto.com.ar/pdf_textos/84.pdf

 

DR. ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA: PUBLICACIONES EN REVISTAS ACADÉMICAS INDEXADAS CON COMITÉ EDITORIAL

dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/autor?codigo=1053859

  

ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA PH.D. - INVESTIGACIÓN

 

www.danoex.net/adolfovasquezroccainvestigacion.html

  

Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca - Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

 

emui.academia.edu/AdolfoVasquezRocca

 

ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA PH.D. - CURRICULUM ACADÉMICO ABREVIADO

www.linkedin.com/pub/adolfo-vasquez-rocca/25/502/21a

  

ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA

 

emui.academia.edu/AdolfoVasquezRocca

  

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB

 

E-mail: adolfovrocca@gmail.com

DR. ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA

 

www.danoex.net/adolfovasquezrocca.html

 

Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

E-mail: adolfovrocca@gmail.com

  

TRAYECTORIA ACADÉMICA

  

Doctor en Filosofía por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Postgrado Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Filosofía IV, mención Filosofía Contemporánea y Estética. Profesor de Postgrado del Instituto de Filosofía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Profesor de Antropología y Estética en el Departamento de Artes y Humanidades de la Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB. Profesor de la Escuela de Periodismo, Profesor Adjunto Escuela de Psicología y de la Facultad de Arquitectura UNAB Santiago. Profesor PEL Programa Especial de Licenciatura en Diseño, UNAB – DUOC UC – En octubre de 2006 y 2007 es invitado por la 'Fundación Hombre y Mundo' y la UNAM a dictar un Ciclo de Conferencias en México. –Miembro del Consejo Editorial Internacional de la 'Fundación Ética Mundial' de México. Director del Consejo Consultivo Internacional de 'Konvergencias', Revista de Filosofía y Culturas en Diálogo, Argentina. Miembro del Consejo Editorial Internacional de Revista Praxis –Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional UNA, Costa Rica. Miembro del Conselho Editorial da Humanidades em Revista, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil y del Cuerpo Editorial de Sophia –Revista de Filosofía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador–. –Secretario Ejecutivo de Revista Philosophica PUCV. –Asesor Consultivo de Enfocarte –Revista de Arte y Literatura– Cataluña / Gijón, Asturias, España. –Miembro del Consejo Editorial Internacional de 'Reflexiones Marginales' –Revista de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras UNAM. –Editor Asociado de Societarts, Revista de artes y humanidades, adscrita a la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. –Miembro del Comité Editorial de International Journal of Safety and Security in Tourism and Hospitality, publicación científica de la Universidad de Palermo. –Miembro Titular del Consejo Editorial Internacional de Errancia, Revista de Psicoanálisis, Teoría Crítica y Cultura –UNAM– Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. –Miembro de la Federación Internacional de Archivos Fílmicos (FIAF) con sede en Bruselas, Bélgica. Director de Revista Observaciones Filosóficas. Profesor visitante en la Maestría en Filosofía de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. – Profesor visitante Florida Christian University USA y Profesor Asociado al Grupo Theoria – Proyecto europeo de Investigaciones de Postgrado –UCM. Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu. Académico Investigador de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Andrés Bello. –Investigador Asociado y Profesor adjunto de la Escuela Matríztica de Santiago –dirigida por el Dr. Humberto Maturana. Consultor Experto del Consejo Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad (CNIC)– Artista conceptual. Crítico de Arte. Ha publicado el Libro: Peter Sloterdijk; Esferas, helada cósmica y políticas de climatización, Colección Novatores, Nº 28, Editorial de la Institución Alfons el Magnànim (IAM), Valencia, España, 2008. Invitado especial a la International Conference de la Trienal de Arquitectura de Lisboa | Lisbon Architecture Triennale 2011. Traducido al Francés - Publicado en la sección Architecture de la Anthologie: Le Néant Dans la Pensée Contemporaine . Publications du Centre Français d'Iconologie Comparée CFIC, Bès Editions , París, © 2012

  

PUBLICACIONES

 

Publicaciones Internacionales Catalogadas en DIALNET Directorio de Publicaciones Científicas Hispanoamericanas

 

dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/autor?codigo=1053859

  

Publications Scientific

 

de.scientificcommons.org/adolfo_v%C3%A1squez_rocca

  

Biblioteket og Aarhus Universitet, Denmark | Det Humanistiske Fakultet

 

www.statsbiblioteket.dk/

  

BIBLIOTECA UNI>ERSIA – Unesco - CSIC

 

biblioteca.universia.net/search.do?q=Adolfo+V%C3%A1squez+...

  

Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca - Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

emui.academia.edu/AdolfoVasquezRocca

  

Biblioteca Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Revistas Científicas Complutenses

  

Directorio de recursos digitales - Ministerio de Cultura, España

  

Biblioteca Asociación Filosófica UI

 

www.uruguaypiensa.org.uy/categoria_144_1_1.html

  

Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

 

emui.academia.edu/AdolfoVasquezRocca

  

Publicaciones Indexadas en la Revista Complutense - Nómadas. Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas UCM+Madrid - Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca

  

Philosophy & Art: Pinterests Design

 

pinterest.com/adolfovrocca/

  

ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA PH.D. - CURRICULUM ACADÉMICO ABREVIADO

 

www.linkedin.com/pub/adolfo-vasquez-rocca/25/502/21a

   

LIBROS

 

VÁSQUEZ ROCCA, Adolfo

 

Libro: Peter Sloterdijk; Esferas, helada cósmica y políticas de climatización, Colección Novatores, Nº 28, Editorial de la Institución Alfons el Magnànim (IAM), Valencia, España, 2008. 221 páginas | I.S.B.N.: 978-84-7822-523-1

 

Libro: Rorty: el Giro narrativo de la Ética o la Filosofía como género literario [Compilación de Conferencias en México D.F.] Editorial Hombre y Mundo (H & M), México, 2009, 450 páginas I.S.B.N.: 978-3-7800-520-1

 

'LE NÉANT DANS LA PENSÉE CONTEMPORAINE' ,

Publications du Centre Français d'Iconologie Comparée CFIC , , ISBN: 978-2-35424-151-3 , Bès Editions , París, © 2012 ,

 

- VV.AA., VÁSQUEZ ROCCA, Adolfo, Antologado y Traducido al Francés - Publicado en la sección Architecture de la Anthologie: Le Néant Dans la Pensée Contemporaine . Publications du Centre Français d'Iconologie Comparée CFIC, Bès Editions , París, © 2012

  

INVESTIGACIÓN:

2009 - 2010

 

Proyecto de Investigación N° DI-10-09/JM - UNAB

 

“Ontología de las distancias en Sloterdijk, hacia una teoría antropotécnica de las comunicaciones”.

 

Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Andrés Bello – Fondo Jorge Millas 2009, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación UNAB

  

2011 - 2012

 

- Proyecto de Investigación N° DI-08-11/JM - UNAB

 

- Proyecto de Investigación: “Ontología del cuerpo en la Filosofía de Jean Luc Nancy, Biopolítica, Alteridad y Estética de la Enfermedad”.

 

Dirección General de Investigación y Desarrollo, (VRID) – Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Doctorado UNAB

 

Fondo Jorge Millas 2011 - 2012, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación. Universidad Andrés Bello

  

Asistente de Investigación:

Mag. Susanna Bozzetto: Universitat de Barcelona - Màster en Pensament Contemporani - Máster en Edición de Textos

  

ADOLFO VAŚQUEZ ROCCA PH.D. TRAYECTORÍA ACADÉMICA

  

TRAYECTORÍA ACADÉMICA

 

Doctor en Filosofía por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Postgrado Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Filosofía IV, Teoría del Conocimiento y Pensamiento Contemporáneo. Áreas de Especialización Antropología y Estética.

 

– PROFESOR DE POSTGRADO DEL INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFÍA DE LA PUCV – PROFESOR ASOCIADO AL GRUPO THEORIA PROYECTO EUROPEO DE INVESTIGACIONES DE POSTGRADO UCM

Philosophie und Sozialwissenschaften - Philosophy and Social Sciences - Philosophie des Sciences Sociales. GRUPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE | Madri+d UCM 1391 - COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID. www.ucm.es/info/eurotheo/

 

(1993) Profesor del Seminario "Lógica Contemporánea 'Wittgenstein y El Círculo de Viena' ", Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

 

(1995-1998) Director de Investigación Teoría del Conocimiento -Theory of Knowledge Tok- The Mackay School, Bachillerato Internacional, International Baccalaureate.

 

(2005-2010) Profesor de Antropología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello.

 

(2005-2010) Profesor de Antropología Filosófica y Estética, Departamento de Artes y Humanidades de la Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2012) Profesor de Estética, Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB

 

(2006 - 2007) - Profesor del MAGISTER EN ETNOPSICOLOGÍA y DIPLOMADO EN PSICOLOGÍA CLÍNICA "PSICOPATOLOGÍA, SUBJETIVIDAD Y CULTURA". ESCUELA DE PSICOLOGÍA PUCV

 

(2006 - 2012) Profesor de Estética Escuela de Arquitectura, Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2012) Profesor de Fundamentos Culturales de la Comunicación. Escuela de Periodismo, Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2010) Profesor de la Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2007) Profesor invitado Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

 

(2007- 2012) Profesor visitante de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, semestre de otoño 2007, BUAP

 

(2005-2008) Profesor de Postgrado, Instituto de Filosofía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, PUCV

 

(2005-2012) Profesor Asociado Grupo THEORIA Proyecto europeo de Investigaciones de Postgrado. UCM

 

(2009-2010) Profesor visitante Florida Christian University USA

 

(2010- 2011) Director Académico Carrera de Filosofía y Teología, Universidad Cristiana de Chile UCCH

 

(2012) Investigador Asociado a la Escuela Matríztica de Santiago –dirigida por el Dr. Humberto Maturana.

 

(2009-2012) Académico Investigador de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Andrés Bello.

 

(2012) Consultor Experto del Consejo Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad (CNIC)

  

SEMINARIOS

 

Asignaturas de Postgrado impartidos:

  

2005 - 2º Seminario "Rorty: ironismo liberal y giro narrativo de la Filosofía".

 

2006 1º Seminario Sloterdijk: "Crítica de la Razón Cínica"

 

2006 2º Seminario "Nietzsche; Genealogía de la moral y voluntad de ficción"

 

2007 1º Seminario Sloterdijk - Nietzsche

 

2007 2º Seminario: Sloterdijk un pensador estético

 

2008 1º Seminario "Peter Sloterdijk - W. Benjamín; De la Filosofía a la Arquitectura"

 

2008 2º Seminario "Sloterdijk y Baudrillard; Ontología de las distancias y antropotécnica de las comunicaciones"

 

2011 2º Seminario "DERRIDA Y SLOTERDIJK; DE LOS ESPECTROS DE MARX A LOS ESTADOS GENERALES DEL PSICOANÁLISIS", Postgrado en Psicoanálisis, Universidad Ándres Bello UNAB, Escuela de Psicología.

  

ENTREVISTA:

 

“La Filosofía como teoría erótica. Entrevista a Adolfo Vásquez Rocca PhD". Entrevista en 'ALCANCES' Vol.I, Nº 1, año 2010 – REVISTA DE FILOSOFÍA – de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades de la UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE.

www.alcances.cl/ver-articulo.php?id=81

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Ontología del cuerpo y estética de la enfermedad en Jean–Luc Nancy; de la téchne de los cuerpos a la apostasía de los órganos", En EIKASIA, Revista de Filosofía, Nº 44 - Mayo 2012- ISSN 1885-5679 - Oviedo, España, pp. 59-84.

www.revistadefilosofia.com/44-04.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Nietzsche: de la voluntad de poder a la voluntad de ficción como postulado epistemológico”, En Revista NÓMADAS Nº 37 – 2012, pp. 41 – 53, Instituto de Estudios Sociales Contemporáneos, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Humanidades y Arte –Universidad Central, Colombia.

dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4052835.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Facebook; del desprecio de las masas a la «sabiduría de las multitudes»", En Revista Almiar – Nº 66 – 2012 – MARGEN CERO, Madrid, www.margencero.com/almiar/facebook-desprecio-masas/

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “En torno al diseño de lo humano en Sloterdijk: De la ontotecnología a las fuentes filosóficas del posthumanismo”, En La lámpara de Diógenes, Revista de Filosofía, BUAP, Año 13, Números 24 y 25, Vol. 13 – enero-junio 2012 – julio-diciembre 2012, pp. 127 – 140

www.ldiogenes.buap.mx/revistas/24/127.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Peter Sloterdijk: Has de cambiar tu vida; prácticas antropotécnicas y constitución inmunitaria de la naturaleza humana", En Revista Observaciones Filosóficas - Nº 13 – 2012 – ISSN 0718-3712 – www.observacionesfilosoficas.net/sloterdijk-hasdecambiart...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, Resumen/Abstract: "Nietzsche: de la voluntad de ficción al pathos de la verdad; aproximación estético‐epistemológica a la concepción biológica de lo literario", En EIKASIA, Revista de la Sociedad Asturiana de Filosofía SAF, Nº 46 - Noviembre 2012 - ISSN 1885-5679 - Oviedo, España, pp. 31 - 32

www.revistadefilosofia.com/46-02r.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Nietzsche: de la voluntad de ficción al pathos de la verdad; aproximación estético‐epistemológica a la concepción biológica de lo literario", En EIKASIA, Revista de la Sociedad Asturiana de Filosofía SAF, Nº 46 - Noviembre 2012 - ISSN 1885-5679 - Oviedo, España, pp. 33 – 44.

www.revistadefilosofia.com/46-02.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk: Neuroglobalización, estresores y prácticas psico-inmunológicas", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nómadas Nº 35 | Julio-Diciembre.2012 - 2013 (I), pp. 427 - 457

pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/nomadas/35/adolfovrocca.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk: Experimentos con uno mismo, ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria y constitución psico-inmunitaria de la naturaleza humana", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nómadas Nº 35 | Julio-Diciembre.2012 - 2013 (I), pp. 459 - 490 pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/nomadas/35/adolfovrocca_...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, Resumen/Abstract: "Sobre el concepto de antropotécnica en Peter Sloterdijk y la constitución inmunitaria de la naturaleza humana", En Revista Observaciones Filosóficas - Nº 13 – 2012 – ISSN 0718-3712 – www.observacionesfilosoficas.net/sloterdijk-hasdecambiart...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Foucault: 'Los Anormales'; una Genealogía de los Monstruoso. Apuntes para una Historiagrafía de la Locura", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nº 34 – 2012 (2), pp. 403 - 420

pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/nomadas/34/adolfovrocca.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Ontología del Cuerpo y estética de la enfermedad en Jean-Luc Nancy: De la téchne de los cuerpos a la apostasía de los órganos", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nº 34 – 2012 (2), pp. 421-445

pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/nomadas/34/adolfovrocca_...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Peter Sloterdijk: Experimentos con uno mismo; Ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria e inmunología especulativa”, En Revista Observaciones Filosóficas ISSN 0718-3712 –ROF– 2012, y Directorio DOAJ – Directory of Open Access Journals – Lund University, Suecia.

www.doaj.org/doaj?func=fulltext&aId=1320292

  

2013

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Facebook; del desprecio de las masas a ‘la sabiduría de las multitudes’”, En HOMINES, Portal de Arte y Cultura, Málaga, 2013. www.homines.com/palabras/facebook_desprecio_masas/index.h...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "El Cine de Raúl Ruiz: Políticas Estéticas, Ontología de lo Fantástico y Polisemia Visual", Re-edición en CINEMATOGRAFÍA, Estudios sobre Cine, Dossier, 2013.

cinemagrafia.wordpress.com/articulos/el-cine-de-raul-ruiz...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Los límites de la Medicina crítica, encarnizamiento terapéutico y concepto de muerte clínica”, en Revista Almiar, MARGEN CERO, Revista bimestral - III Época Nº 68 / marzo - abril 2013, Madrid.

www.margencero.com/almiar/limites-medicina-concepto-muert...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk; Ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria e inmunología especulativa", En Revista Observaciones Filosóficas - Nº 14 – 2013 – ISSN 0718-3712

www.observacionesfilosoficas.net/sloterdijkensayosdeintox...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Individualismo, Modernidad Líquida y Desilusión Hipermoderna: De Bauman a Sloterdijk”, En “Redazione Rosebud” –Critica, Scrittura, Giornalismo– Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Cagliari – marzo, 2013.

rinabrundu.com/2013/03/23/filosofia-individualismo-y-mode...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "La Posmodernidad. Nuevo régimen de verdad, violencia metafísica y fin de los metarrelatos", Reedición en ROSEBUD – Redazione –Critica, Scrittura, Giornalismo– Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Cagliari, Italia, abril, 2013.

rinabrundu.com/2013/03/31/filosofia-la-posmodernidad-nuev...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Peter Sloterdijk: Experimentos con uno mismo, ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria y constitución psico-inmunitaria de la naturaleza humana”, Artículo –paper– Proyecto de Investigación –CNIC– Consejo Nacional de Ciencia – THEORIA – UCM+Madrid. En Revista Observaciones Filosóficas, ISSN 0718-3712, Sección Documentos: 2013 Url:

www.observacionesfilosoficas.net/download/Peter-sloterdij...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk; Psicopolítica, Globalización y Mundo interior del Capital", En Escáner Cultural - Revista de Arte Contemporáneo y Nuevas Tendencias, Santiago- [Re-Edición 2013], Paper y Conferencia en el IV Congreso Internacional y VII Nacional de Filosofía del Derecho, Ética y Política, Organizado por la Facultad de Filosofía, de Derecho y la Oficina de Relaciones Interinstitucionales (ORI) de la Universidad Libre en Colombia, y la Facultad de Derecho del Centro Universitário Newton Paiva en Bello Horizonte – Brasil, 22, 23 y 24 de abril de 2013, Programa del Congreso

revista.escaner.cl/node/1987

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sartre; teoría fenomenológica de las emociones, existencialismo y conciencia posicional del mundo", Revista Almiar, MARGEN CERO, Revista bimestral - III Época Nº 69 / mayo-junio 2013, Madrid.

www.margencero.com/almiar/sartre-existencialismo-y-concie...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk: Experimentos con uno mismo, ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria y constitución psico-inmunitaria de la naturaleza humana", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nómadas Nº 35 | Julio-Diciembre.2012 - 2013 (I), pp. 459 - 490

www.theoria.eu/nomadas/35/adolfovrocca_2.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “En torno al diseño de lo humano en Sloterdijk: De la ontotecnología a las fuentes filosóficas del posthumanismo”, En La lámpara de Diógenes, Revista de Filosofía, BUAP, Año 13, Números 24 y 25, Vol. 13 – enero-junio – julio-diciembre 2012-2013, pp. 127 – 140

www.ldiogenes.buap.mx/revistas/24/127.pdf

   

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk y Heidegger: Normas para el Parque Zoológico-Temático Humano, Culturas Post-Humanísticas y Capitalismo Cárnico Contemporáneo", En “Redazione Rosebud” –Critica, Scrittura, Giornalismo– Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Cagliari – mayo, 2013

rinabrundu.com/2013/05/05/sloterdijk-y-heidegger-normas-p...

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, "Sloterdijk: Neuroglobalización, estresores y prácticas psico-inmunológicas", En NÓMADAS, Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, Nómadas Nº 35 | Julio-Diciembre.2012 - 2013 (I), pp. 427 - 457

www.theoria.eu/nomadas/35/adolfovrocca.pdf

  

Vásquez Rocca, Adolfo, “Peter Sloterdijk: Experimentos con uno mismo. Ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria y constitución psicoinmunitaria de la naturaleza humana”, En ARTEFACTO -Pensamientos sobre la Técnica- UBA, abril, 2013

www.revista-artefacto.com.ar/pdf_textos/84.pdf

 

DR. ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA: PUBLICACIONES EN REVISTAS ACADÉMICAS INDEXADAS CON COMITÉ EDITORIAL

dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/autor?codigo=1053859

  

ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA PH.D. - INVESTIGACIÓN

 

www.danoex.net/adolfovasquezroccainvestigacion.html

  

Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca - Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

 

emui.academia.edu/AdolfoVasquezRocca

 

ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA PH.D. - CURRICULUM ACADÉMICO ABREVIADO

www.linkedin.com/pub/adolfo-vasquez-rocca/25/502/21a

  

ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA

 

emui.academia.edu/AdolfoVasquezRocca

  

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB

 

E-mail: adolfovrocca@gmail.com

From our balcony in Ano Korakiana

democracystreet.blogspot.com/2011/07/above-city-centre.html

 

Email from me - Feb 14, 2009 4:48 AM - to C in America: Dear C. So glad to hear from you…We live amid a crisis none of us has encountered before. Life seems fine for us but all around storm clouds seem to be gathering and many more are clearly caught up in the effects of this historic economic hurricane – one that I realise has been brewing a long time. Kindest regards, Simon

 

Reply from C: Dear Simon, Same here; we are feeling nothing yet except for a freezing in University contributions to our retirement funds. Otherwise, we are waiting to find out the impact of lending restrictions on our enrolments and in the meantime...firing some of our adjuncts. The times lend themselves to philosophical reflection. All this unreality that we have been living in - here in America at least - has hit bottom. A good thing but not one that rewards prudent people. Enjoy Corfu. Greece, no matter what, is a beautiful place to wake up in the morning...My very best to you, C

 

The sun waits to rise into a cloudless sky. C remarks from far away on the Pacific coast. “Enjoy Corfu. Greece, no matter what, is a beautiful place to wake up in the morning" but I’m as superstitious as any atheist about reflections on the rewards of fortunae. The names of people who rejoice in their luck are selected by a divine factotum and placed face-down on a gilded dish that passes around the table on timeless Olympus. Amid merriment, each God selects the human whose fate it is to be their post-prandial plaything. Here a brilliant climber says “There’s a window for the summit at dawn”; there a mother says “Our child is so perfect”; and over there a father says “There are police officers, a man and a woman, at the door. Must be about those parking fines”; and here a wife who says “no need to hold the ladder darling. Go and make us a cup of tea”; and there, in the deep ocean, an exhausted sailor says “We’re through the worst” but see this one, here’s a gem “The war will be over by Christmas”, but what about that popinjay Confederate General who said “They couldn’t hit an elephant at this dist…” Far below a fisherman on the Peneios and a woman waiting for a train at Litokhoro know they hear, not the rumble of endless thunder reverberating among the peaks of Olympus, but laughter.'

democracystreet.blogspot.com/

 

"JAYNE COUNTY'S MAD TEA PARTY..SEX! ART! MUSIC!"

A KYMARA 21ST CENTURY THREE DAY HAPPENING

Friday, April 9, 2010 at 8:00pm

Chelsea Hotel

New York, NY

 

www.punkglobe.com/jaynecountyinterview0809.html

jaynecounty.com/

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayne_County

www.myspace.com/jayneisblonde

www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=34004014453&ref=ts

  

Description

KYMARA 21ST CENTURY HAPENINGS, "PUNK GLOBE MAGAZINE", THE BLUE ELEPHANT EVENTS AND CAFE HARNEY AND SONS FINE TEA, WARWICK VALLEY WINERY AND DISTILLERY AND STUDIO 54 NY SUPERSTAR PARTY HOST, MIESTORM ALONG WITH MILO ROCK AND KYMARA

 

STARRING THE PREMIERE EXHIBIT OF THE ARTISTIC WORKS OF JAYNE COUNTY!!!!!

 

ALONG WITH THE ART, MUSIC AND FILM OF BILLY NAME, ANTON PERICH, CHRISTOPHER MAKOS, MICK ROCK, PRAIRIE PRINCE,CHRISTOPHER LYNCH, MARY WORONOV, LOUIS WALDON, WALTER STEDING, GAZELLE, GORMAN BECHARD, ERIC DANVILLE, THE FLOYDIAN DEVICE, DAVE STREET AND CO. AMANDA BURNS, MARK LA FALCE, AND MANY MORE MUSICIANS AND ARTISTS...

 

ANNOUNCING THE WORKS OF THE "BILLY NAME ANTE ART SUPERSTARS" JAYNE COUNTY, PRAIRIE PRINCE, RUBY LYNN REYNER, ANTON PERICH, MIESTORM, MILO ROCK, FERNANDO CARPANEDA, IAN COUCH, AND KYMARA

 

JAYNE COUNTY WILL BE PERFORMING LIVE AT CHELSEA HOTEL ALONG WITH HER NEW BAND, "THE WAR HOLES" FEATURING

MILO ROCK, FRANK COLEMAN, BOB TOXIC AND ARENA BOUND. VINTAGE FOOTAGE OF JAYNE COUNTY'S LIVE PERFORMANCE BY THE LEGENDARY ANTON PERICH

 

A FABULOUS ARRAY OF JAYNE COUNTY'S HISTORIC COSTUMES WILL BE ON DISPLAY!

 

FASHION SHOW BY "LIVE FAST" NYC

 

AWARD WINNING FILM "FRIENDS WITH BENEFITS" BY INDIE FILM DIRECTOR GORMAN BECHARD FOLLOWED BY A Q&A ON SUNDAY

 

A PORTION OF OUR PROCEEDS BENEFITS THE LGBT COMMUNITY SERVICES CENTER 208 West 13th Street New York, NY 10011

 

QUESTIONS????COMMENTS?????

CALL KYMARA DIRECTLY AT..

207-286-7399

OR EMAIL KYMARA@KYMARA.COM

 

Biography

 

Born in 1947 as Wayne Rogers, County left her hometown of Dallas, Georgia in 1968 to move to New York City, where she became a regular at the Stonewall Inn and took part in the historic riots. In 1969, County was asked by Warhol superstar and playwright Jackie Curtis to appear in her play Femme Fatale at the La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, which also starred Patti Smith. In her autobiography, County says of Curtis, "She was my biggest influence, the person who really got me started." After a successful run of Femme Fatale, County wrote her own play World - Birth Of A Nation which she also appeared in, bringing her to the attention of Andy Warhol, who cast her in his own theatrical production Pork. After a run in New York, the play, with the New York cast, was performed in London for a few months. Upon returning to New York, County appeared in another play, Island, by Tony Ingrassia, again with Patti Smith.

Then, in 1972 County got her first band, Queen Elizabeth together, one of the pioneering glam rock bands. Despite being signed to MainMan Management, David Bowie's management firm, no records were ever produced, although the company did spend over $200,000 to film the 1974 stage show "Wayne at the Trucks", no footage of which has ever been released (even in bootleg form). The show featured numerous costume changes and some of County's raunchiest material. The film remains (presumably) in Bowie's vaults, though eight live recordings from this show were released in audio form on the 2006 CD Wayne County At The Trucks on Munster Records. The show is claimed by County to be the major inspiration for Bowie's stage show for the tour supporting his Diamond Dogs album.[1] In particular, County maintains that the song "Queenage Baby" was a prototype for Bowie's song "Rebel Rebel", a claim which is supported by some rock critics.[2][3]

In 1975, with her new band "The Backstreet Boys," Wayne County recorded three tracks for the compilation Max's Kansas City: New York New Wave, which also featured Suicide, Pere Ubu and The Fast. Wayne County and The Backstreet Boys played regularly at CBGBs and at Max's Kansas City, where County was also a DJ. In 1976, she appeared in the film The Blank Generation, directed by Amos Poe and Ivan Kral. The film, the recording and the shows were the beginnings of what came to be known as punk rock, and helped define this movement for a generation of youth.

In 1977, County left New York to return to London, where the English punk scene was just emerging. Here, she formed a new band called Wayne County & the Electric Chairs. County released the EP Electric Chairs 1977, plus a single on Illegal Records. This was followed by her most famous song, "Fuck Off" recorded as a single for Safari Records, with a European tour in support of the records. While in London, County met Derek Jarman who cast her as the character "Lounge Lizard" in the seminal punk film Jubilee, which also starred Adam Ant, Toyah Willcox, Ian Charleson and Jordan. After this The Electric Chairs recorded their first self-titled album, which featured "Eddie and Sheena", and an EP named Blatantly Offensive, which contained "Fuck Off" and "Toilet Love." After touring, they followed this up with another album Storm The Gates Of Heaven. The next album, released in 1979, was Things Your Mother Never Told You which featured several songs based on County's recent experiences in Germany. After it was released, the band broke up and County (along with guitarist Eliot Michaels) returned to the U.S. in 1979. It was at this time that she officially changed her stage name to "Jayne County" and began self-identifying as a woman. The final release by County on Safari Records, Rock and Roll Resurrection (In Concert), a live album recorded in Toronto on New Year's Eve of 1979, was under this new name.

In 1983, County returned to New York where she appeared in the theatrical production Les Girls with Holly Woodlawn and other performers. After this she returned to London for the premiere of City Of Lost Souls and stayed long enough to tour and record another album Private Oyster with Warren Heighway as manager. Her band included members of various UK based rock bands, including Manchester-based guitarists Stuart Clarke, Chris Lynch and Baz Creece on drums. Following widespread media attention she then returned again to the U.S.

In the 1990s many of the earlier recordings were released, such as the early Safari tracks on a CD called Rock & Roll Cleopatra. She recorded the album Goddess Of Wet Dreams in 1993, followed by Deviation in 1995. That same year she appeared in Wigstock: The Movie and released her autobiography Man Enough To Be A Woman.

Since Deviation, several new tracks have surfaced on various compilations and through Jayne's official website. Many of these tracks, both live and studio recordings, were collected on the Ratcage Records release So New York, including collaborations with Lisa Jackson and former Electric Chairs guitarist Eliot Michaels. A thunderous live show (recorded on Jayne's birthday) was released on the 2002 CD Wash Me In The Blood (Of Rock & Roll)- Live at Squeeze Box by Fang Records, and features a duet on "California Sun" by County and former nemesis "Handsome" Dick Manitoba of The Dictators.

Mémoire2cité il existe de nos jours, de nombreux photographes qui privilégient la qualité artistique de leurs travaux cartophiles. A vous de découvrir ces artistes inconnus aujourd’hui, mais qui seront peut-être les grands noms de demain. archipostcard.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2009-02-13T... - museedelacartepostale.fr/periode-semi-moderne/ - archipostalecarte.blogspot.com/ - museedelacartepostale.fr/blog/ - museedelacartepostale.fr/exposition-permanente/ - www.queenslandplaces.com.au/category/headwords/brisbane-c... - collection-jfm.fr/t/cartes-postales-anciennes/france#.XGe... - www.cparama.com/forum/la-collection-de-cpa-f1.html - www.dauphinomaniac.org/Cartespostales/Francaises/Cartes_F... - furtho.tumblr.com/archive

le Logement Collectif* 50,60,70's, dans tous ses états..Histoire & Mémoire d'H.L.M. de Copropriété Renouvellement Urbain-Réha-NPNRU., twitter.com/Memoire2cite tout içi sig.ville.gouv.fr/atlas/ZUS/ - media/InaEdu01827/la-creatio" rel="noreferrer nofollow">fresques.ina.fr/jalons/fiche-media/InaEdu01827/la-creatio Bâtir mieux plus vite et moins cher 1975 l'industrialisation du bâtiment et ses innovations : www.dailymotion.com/video/xyjudq?playlist=x34ije la préfabrication en usine www.dailymotion.com/video/xx6ob5?playlist=x34ije , le coffrage glissant www.dailymotion.com/video/x19lwab?playlist=x34ije ... De nouvelles perspectives sont nées dans l'industrie du bâtiment avec les principes de bases de l'industrialisation du bâtiment www.dailymotion.com/video/x1a98iz?playlist=x34ije ,

www.dailymotion.com/video/xk6xui?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/xk1dh2?playlist=x34ije : mécanisation, rationalisation et élaboration industrielle de la production. Des exemples concrets sont présentés afin d'illustrer l'utilisation des différentes innovations : les coffrages outils, coffrage glissant, le tunnel, des procédés pour accélérer le durcissement du béton. Le procédé dit de coffrage glissant est illustré sur le chantier des tours Pablo Picasso à Nanterre. Le principe est de s'affranchir des échafaudages : le coffrage épouse le contour du bâtiment, il s'élève avec la construction et permet de réaliser simultanément l'ensemble des murs verticaux. Au centre du plancher de travail, une grue distribue en continu le ferraillage et le béton. Sur un tel chantier les ouvriers se relaient 24h / 24 , www.dailymotion.com/video/xwytke?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/x1bci6m?playlist=x34ije

Le reportage se penche ensuite sur la préfabrication en usine. Ces procédés de préfabrication en usine selon le commentaire sont bien adaptés aux pays en voie de développement, cela est illustré dans le reportage par une réalisation en Libye à Benghazi. Dans la course à l'allégement des matériaux un procédé l'isola béton est présenté. Un chapitre sur la construction métallique explique les avantage de ce procédé. La fabrication de composants ouvre de nouvelles perspectives à l'industrie du bâtiment.

Lieux géographiques : la Grande Borne 91, le Vaudreuil 27, Avoriaz, Avenue de Flandres à Paris, tours Picasso à Nanterre, vues de la défense, Benghazi Libye

www.dailymotion.com/playlist/x34ije_territoiresgouv_cinem... - mémoire2cité - le monde de l'Architecture locative collective et bien plus encore - mémoire2cité - Bâtir mieux plus vite et moins cher 1975 l'industrialisation du bâtiment et ses innovations : www.dailymotion.com/video/xyjudq?playlist=x34ije la préfabrication en usine www.dailymotion.com/video/xx6ob5?playlist=x34ije , le coffrage glissant www.dailymotion.com/video/x19lwab?playlist=x34ije ... De nouvelles perspectives sont nées dans l'industrie du bâtiment avec les principes de bases de l'industrialisation du bâtiment www.dailymotion.com/video/x1a98iz?playlist=x34ije ,

Le Joli Mai (Restauré) - Les grands ensembles BOBIGNY l Abreuvoir www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUY9XzjvWHE … et la www.youtube.com/watch?v=hK26k72xIkU … www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCKF0HEsWWo …

Genève Le Grand Saconnex & la Bulle Pirate - architecte Marçel Lachat -

Un film de Julien Donada içi www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=4E723uQcpnU … … .Genève en 1970. pic.twitter.com/1dbtkAooLM è St-Etienne - La muraille de Chine, en 1973 ce grand immeuble du quartier de Montchovet, existait encore photos la Tribune/Progres.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJAylpe8G48 …, - la tour 80 HLM située au 1 rue Proudhon à Valentigney dans le quartier des Buis Cette tour emblématique du quartier avec ces 15 étages a été abattu par FERRARI DEMOLITION (68). VALENTIGNEY (25700) 1961 - Ville nouvelle-les Buis 3,11 mn www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_GvwSpQUMY … - Au nord-Est de St-Etienne, aux confins de la ville, se dresse une colline Montreynaud la ZUP de Raymond Martin l'architecte & Alexandre Chemetoff pour les paysages de St-Saens.. la vidéo içi * Réalisation : Dominique Bauguil www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sqfb27hXMDo … … - www.dailymotion.com/video/xk6xui?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/xk1dh2?playlist=x34ije : mécanisation, rationalisation et élaboration industrielle de la production. Des exemples concrets sont présentés afin d'illustrer l'utilisation des différentes innovations : les coffrages outils, coffrage glissant, le tunnel, des procédés pour accélérer le durcissement du béton. Le procédé dit de coffrage glissant est illustré sur le chantier des tours Pablo Picasso à Nanterre. Le principe est de s'affranchir des échafaudages : le coffrage épouse le contour du bâtiment, il s'élève avec la construction et permet de réaliser simultanément l'ensemble des murs verticaux. Au centre du plancher de travail, une grue distribue en continu le ferraillage et le béton. Sur un tel chantier les ouvriers se relaient 24h / 24 , www.dailymotion.com/video/xwytke?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/x1bci6m?playlist=x34ije

Le reportage se penche ensuite sur la préfabrication en usine. Ces procédés de préfabrication en usine selon le commentaire sont bien adaptés aux pays en voie de développement, cela est illustré dans le reportage par une réalisation en Libye à Benghazi. Dans la course à l'allégement des matériaux un procédé l'isola béton est présenté. Un chapitre sur la construction métallique explique les avantage de ce procédé. La fabrication de composants ouvre de nouvelles perspectives à l'industrie du bâtiment.

la Grande Borne 91, le Vaudreuil 27, Avoriaz, Avenue de Flandres à Paris, tours Picasso à Nanterre, vues de la défense, Benghazi Libye 1975 Réalisateur : Sydney Jézéquel, Karenty

la construction des Autoroutes en France - Les liaisons moins dangereuses 1972 www.dailymotion.com/video/xxi0ae?playlist=x34ije - Ministère de l'Équipement et de l'Aménagement du Territoire - Dotation par la France d'autoroutes modernes "nécessité vitale" pour palier à l'inadaptation du réseau routier de l'époque voué à la paralysie : le reportage nous montre des images d'embouteillages. Le ministre de l'Équipement et de l'Aménagement du Territoire dans les deux gouvernements de Pierre Messmer, de 1972 à 1974, Olivier Guichard explique les ambitions du programme de construction qui doit atteindre 800 km par ans en 1978. L'ouverture de section nouvelles va bon train : Nancy / Metz par exemple. Le reportage nous montre l'intérieur des bureaux d'études qui conçoivent ces autoroute dont la conception est assistée par ordinateurs dont le projet d'ensemble en 3D est visualisé sur un écran. La voix off nous informe sur le financement de ces équipements. Puis on peut voir des images de la construction du pont sur la Seine à Saint Cloud reliant l'autoroute de Normandie au périphérique, de l'échangeur de Palaiseau sur 4 niveau : record d'Europe précise le commentaire. Le reportage nous informe que des sociétés d'économies mixtes ont étés crées pour les tronçons : Paris / Lille, Paris / Marseille, Paris / Normandie. Pour accélérer la construction l’État a eu recours à des concessions privées par exemple pour le tronçon Paris / Chartres. "Les autoroutes changent le visage de la France : artères économiques favorisant le développement industriel elles permettent de revitaliser des régions en perte de vitesse et de l'intégrer dans le mouvement général de l'expansion" Sur le plan européen elles vont combler le retard de la France et réaliser son insertion. Images de l'inauguration de l'autoroute entre Paris et Bruxelles par le président Georges Pompidou. Le reportage rappel que l'autre fonction capitale des autoroute est de favoriser la sécurité. La question de la limitation de vitesse est posée au ministre de l’Équipement, qui n'y est favorable que sur certains tronçons. Un des facteur de sécurité selon le commentaire est l'humanisation des autoroutes : aires de repos, restaurants, signalisation touristiques... "Rien n'est impossible aux techniques modernes" nous apprend la voix off qui prend comme exemple le déplacement sur rail de 65 mètres d'un château classé afin de faire passer l'autoroute Lille / Dunkerque.Durée : 4 minutes 30 secondes

Sur les routes de France les ponts renaissent 1945 reconstruction de la France après la Seconde Guerre mondiale www.dailymotion.com/video/xuxrii?playlist=x34ije , Quelques mois après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, un triste constat s'impose : 5 944 passages sont coupés, soit plus de 110 km de brèches ; de nombreuses villes se trouvent isolées.Les chantiers s'activent dans toute la France pour "gagner la bataille des communications routières". Mais outre la pénurie de main d’œuvre, il faut faire face au manque de matériaux (béton, métal) et donc déployer des trésors d'imagination pour reconstruire les ponts détruits. Si le savoir faire des tailleurs de pierre est exploité, le plus spectaculaire est le relevage des ponts, comme le pont de Galliéni à Lyon, où 7 à 800 tonnes d'acier sont sorti de l'eau avec des moyens de l'époque. En avril 1945, il reste 5 700 ponts à reconstruire soit 200 000 tonnes d'acier, 600 000 tonnes de ciment, 250 000 m3 de bois, 10 millions de journées d'ouvrier, prix de l'effort de reconstruction.1945

Auteurs / réalisateurs : images : G.Delaunay, A.Pol, son : C.Gauguier Production : Direction Technique des Services des Ponts et Chaussées / Ministère des Travaux Publics et des Transports Support original : 16 mm noir et blanc Durée : 14 min Thèmes principaux : infrastructures-ouvrages d'art Mot clés : chantier, pont, Reconstruction, restauration, béton précontraint, ministère des travaux publics et des transports

Lieux : Lyon, Tournon, Caen - Le Bosquel, un village renait 1947 l'album cinématographique de la reconstruction, réalisation Paul de Roubaix production ministère de la Reconstruction et de l'Urbanisme, village prototype, architecte Paul Dufournet, www.dailymotion.com/video/xx5tx8?playlist=x34ije - Demain Paris 1959 dessin animé présentant l'aménagement de la capitale dans les années 60, Animation, dessin animé à vocation pédagogique visant à promouvoir la politique d’aménagement suivie dans les années 60 à Paris. Un raccourci historique sur l’extension de Paris du Moyen Âge au XIXe siècle (Lutèce, œuvres de Turgot, Napoléon, Haussmann), ce dessin animé retrace la naissance de la banlieue et de ses avatars au XXe siècle. Il annonce les grands principes d’aménagement des villes nouvelles et la restructuration du centre de Paris (référence implicite à la charte d’Athènes). Le texte est travaillé en rimes et vers. Une chanson du vieux Paris conclut poétiquement cette vision du futur. Thèmes principaux : Aménagement urbain / planification-aménagement régional Mots-clés : Banlieue, extension spatiale, histoire, quartier, ville, ville nouvelle Lieu géographique : Paris 75 Architectes ou personnalités : Eugène Haussmann, Napoléon, Turgot Réalisateurs : André Martin, Michel Boschet Production : les films Roger Leenhardt

www.dailymotion.com/video/xw6lak?playlist=x34ije - Rue neuve 1956 la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, villes, villages, grands ensembles réalisation : Jack Pinoteau , Panorama de la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, ce film de commande évoque les villes et villages français détruits puis reconstruits dans un style respectant la tradition : Saint-Malo, Gien, Thionville, Ammerschwihr, etc. ainsi que la reconstruction en rupture avec l'architecture traditionnelle à Châtenay-Malabry, Arles, Saint Étienne, Évreux, Chambéry, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Abbeville, Le Havre, Marseille, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Dunkerque. Le documentaire explique par exemple la manière dont a été réalisée la reconstruction de Saint-Malo à l'intérieur des rempart de la vieille ville : "c'est la fidélité à l'histoire et la force du souvenir qui a guidé l'architecte". Dans le même esprit à Gien, au trois quart détruite en 1940, seul le château construit en 1494 pour Anne de Beaujeu, fille aînée de Louis XI, fut épargné par les bombardements. La ville fut reconstruite dans le style des rares immeubles restant. Gien est relevé de ses ruines et le nouvel ensemble harmonieux est appelé « Joyau de la Reconstruction française ». Dans un deuxième temps est abordé le chapitre de la construction des cités et des grands ensembles, de l’architecture du renouveau qualifiée de "grandiose incontestablement". S’il est précisé "on peut aimer ou de ne pas aimer ce style", l’emporte au final l’argument suivant : les grands ensembles, c'est la campagne à la ville, un urbanisme plus aéré, plus vert." les films caravelles 1956, Réalisateur : Jack Pinoteau (connu pour être le metteur en scène du film Le Triporteur 1957 qui fit découvrir Darry Cowl) www.dailymotion.com/video/xuz3o8?playlist=x34ije , Film d'archive actualités de 1952 Reconstruction de la France sept ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale état des lieux de la crise du logement , Actualités de 1952. Sept ans après la fin de la seconde guerre Mondiale état des lieux de la reconstruction de la France et de la crise du logement à l’œuvre, pénurie de logement, logements insalubres. Les actualités montrent des images d'archives de la destruction de la France, les Chars de la division Leclerc qui défilent sur les Champs Elysees. Le commentaire dénonce la lenteur de la reconstruction et notamment des manifestations qui ont eu lieue à Royan afin d''accélérer la reconstruction de la ville détruite.Le film montre à Strasbourg, Mulhouse, des réalisation moderne de grands ensembles et des images d'archive de la reconstruction du Havre de Saint Nazaire.Le film se termine à Marseille sur les réalisation nouvelles autour du vieux port puis on assiste à l'inauguration de la Cité Radieuse par le ministre de la Reconstruction et de l'Urbanisme Eugène Claudius-Petit en présence de son architecte Le Corbusier à qui le ministre remet la cravate de commandeur de la légion d'honneur. www.dailymotion.com/video/xk1g5j?playlist=x34ije Brigitte Gros - Urbanisme - Filmer les grands ensembles 2016 - par Camille Canteux chercheuse au CHS -Centre d'Histoire Sociale - Jeanne Menjoulet - Ce film du CHS daté de 2014 www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDUBwVPNh0s … L'UNION SOCIALE POUR L'HABITAT le Musée des H.L.M. musee-hlm.fr/ union-habitat.org/ - EXPOSITION :LES 50 ANS DE LA RESIDENCe SALMSON POINT-Du JOUR

www.salmsonlepointdujour.fr/pdf/Exposition_50_ans.pdf - Sotteville Construction de l’Anjou, le premier immeuble de la Zone Verte sottevilleaufildutemps.fr/2017/05/04/construction-de-limm... - www.20minutes.fr/paris/diaporama-7346-photo-854066-100-an... - www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/11/02/940025-140-ans-en-arc... dreux-par-pierlouim.over-blog.com/article-chamards-1962-9... missionphoto.datar.gouv.fr/fr/photographe/7639/serie/7695...

   

Biennalist :

Biennalist is an Art Format commenting on active biennials and managed cultural events through artworks.Biennalist takes the thematics of the biennales and similar events like festivals and conferences seriously, questioning the established structures of the staged art events in order to contribute to the debate, which they wish to generate.

-------------------------------------------

links about Biennalist :

 

Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Room_(art)

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

—--Biennale from wikipedia —--

 

The Venice International Film Festival is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.

Biennale (Italian: [bi.enˈnaːle]), Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years. It is most commonly used within the art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions. As such the term was popularised by Venice Biennale, which was first held in 1895. Since the 1990s, the terms "biennale" and "biennial" have been interchangeably used in a more generic way - to signify a large-scale international survey show of contemporary art that recurs at regular intervals but not necessarily biannual (such as triennials, Documenta, Skulptur Projekte Münster).[1] The phrase has also been used for other artistic events, such as the "Biennale de Paris", "Kochi-Muziris Biennale", Berlinale (for the Berlin International Film Festival) and Viennale (for Vienna's international film festival).

Characteristics[edit]

According to author Federica Martini, what is at stake in contemporary biennales is the diplomatic/international relations potential as well as urban regeneration plans. Besides being mainly focused on the present (the “here and now” where the cultural event takes place and their effect of "spectacularisation of the everyday"), because of their site-specificity cultural events may refer back to,[who?] produce or frame the history of the site and communities' collective memory.[2]

 

The Great Exhibition in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, the first attempt to condense the representation of the world within a unitary exhibition space.

A strong and influent symbol of biennales and of large-scale international exhibitions in general is the Crystal Palace, the gigantic and futuristic London architecture that hosted the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to philosopher Peter Sloterdijk,[3][page needed] the Crystal Palace is the first attempt to condense the representation of the world in a unitary exhibition space, where the main exhibit is society itself in an a-historical, spectacular condition. The Crystal Palace main motives were the affirmation of British economic and national leadership and the creation of moments of spectacle. In this respect, 19th century World fairs provided a visual crystallization of colonial culture and were, at the same time, forerunners of contemporary theme parks.

The Venice Biennale as an archetype[edit]

 

The structure of the Venice Biennale in 2005 with an international exhibition and the national pavilions.

The Venice Biennale, a periodical large-scale cultural event founded in 1895, served as an archetype of the biennales. Meant to become a World Fair focused on contemporary art, the Venice Biennale used as a pretext the wedding anniversary of the Italian king and followed up to several national exhibitions organised after Italy unification in 1861. The Biennale immediately put forth issues of city marketing, cultural tourism and urban regeneration, as it was meant to reposition Venice on the international cultural map after the crisis due to the end of the Grand Tour model and the weakening of the Venetian school of painting. Furthermore, the Gardens where the Biennale takes place were an abandoned city area that needed to be re-functionalised. In cultural terms, the Biennale was meant to provide on a biennial basis a platform for discussing contemporary art practices that were not represented in fine arts museums at the time. The early Biennale model already included some key points that are still constitutive of large-scale international art exhibitions today: a mix of city marketing, internationalism, gentrification issues and destination culture, and the spectacular, large scale of the event.

Biennials after the 1990s[edit]

The situation of biennials has changed in the contemporary context: while at its origin in 1895 Venice was a unique cultural event, but since the 1990s hundreds of biennials have been organized across the globe. Given the ephemeral and irregular nature of some biennials, there is little consensus on the exact number of biennials in existence at any given time.[citation needed] Furthermore, while Venice was a unique agent in the presentation of contemporary art, since the 1960s several museums devoted to contemporary art are exhibiting the contemporary scene on a regular basis. Another point of difference concerns 19th century internationalism in the arts, that was brought into question by post-colonial debates and criticism of the contemporary art “ethnic marketing”, and also challenged the Venetian and World Fair’s national representation system. As a consequence of this, Eurocentric tendency to implode the whole word in an exhibition space, which characterises both the Crystal Palace and the Venice Biennale, is affected by the expansion of the artistic geographical map to scenes traditionally considered as marginal. The birth of the Havana Biennial in 1984 is widely considered an important counterpoint to the Venetian model for its prioritization of artists working in the Global South and curatorial rejection of the national pavilion model.

International biennales[edit]

In the term's most commonly used context of major recurrent art exhibitions:

Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, South Australia

Asian Art Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Athens Biennale, in Athens, Greece

Bienal de Arte Paiz, in Guatemala City, Guatemala[4]

Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale (Arts in Marrakech Festival)

Bamako Encounters, a biennale of photography in Mali

Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism

Beijing Biennale

Berlin Biennale (contemporary art biennale, to be distinguished from Berlinale, which is a film festival)

Bergen Assembly (triennial for contemporary art in Bergen, Norway)www.bergenassembly.no

Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China

Bienal de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Biënnale van België, Biennial of Belgium, Belgium

BiennaleOnline Online biennial exhibition of contemporary art from the most promising emerging artists.

Biennial of Hawaii Artists

Biennale de la Biche, the smallest biennale in the world held at deserted island near Guadeloupe, French overseas region[5][6]

Biwako Biennale [ja], in Shiga, Japan

La Biennale de Montreal

Biennale of Luanda : Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace,[7] Angola

Boom Festival, international music and culture festival in Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal

Bucharest Biennale in Bucharest, Romania

Bushwick Biennial, in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York

Canakkale Biennial, in Canakkale, Turkey

Cerveira International Art Biennial, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal [8]

Changwon Sculpture Biennale in Changwon, South Korea

Dakar Biennale, also called Dak'Art, biennale in Dakar, Senegal

Documenta, contemporary art exhibition held every five years in Kassel, Germany

Estuaire (biennale), biennale in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, France

EVA International, biennial in Limerick, Republic of Ireland

Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, in Gothenburg, Sweden[9]

Greater Taipei Contemporary Art Biennial, in Taipei, Taiwan

Gwangju Biennale, Asia's first and most prestigious contemporary art biennale

Havana biennial, in Havana, Cuba

Helsinki Biennial, in Helsinki, Finland

Herzliya Biennial For Contemporary Art, in Herzliya, Israel

Incheon Women Artists' Biennale, in Incheon, South Korea

Iowa Biennial, in Iowa, USA

Istanbul Biennial, in Istanbul, Turkey

International Roaming Biennial of Tehran, in Tehran and Istanbul

Jakarta Biennale, in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jerusalem Biennale, in Jerusalem, Israel

Jogja Biennale, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Karachi Biennale, in Karachi, Pakistan

Keelung Harbor Biennale, in Keelung, Taiwan

Kochi-Muziris Biennale, largest art exhibition in India, in Kochi, Kerala, India

Kortrijk Design Biennale Interieur, in Kortrijk, Belgium

Kobe Biennale, in Japan

Kuandu Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Lagos Biennial, in Lagos, Nigeria[10]

Light Art Biennale Austria, in Austria

Liverpool Biennial, in Liverpool, UK

Lofoten International Art Festival [no] (LIAF), on the Lofoten archipelago, Norway[11]

Manifesta, European Biennale of contemporary art in different European cities

Mediations Biennale, in Poznań, Poland

Melbourne International Biennial 1999

Mediterranean Biennale in Sakhnin 2013

MOMENTA Biennale de l'image [fr] (formerly known as Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal), in Montreal, Canada

MOMENTUM [no], in Moss, Norway[12]

Moscow Biennale, in Moscow, Russia

Munich Biennale, new opera and music-theatre in even-numbered years

Mykonos Biennale

Nakanojo Biennale[13]

NGV Triennial, contemporary art exhibition held every three years at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

October Salon – Belgrade Biennale [sr], organised by the Cultural Center of Belgrade [sr], in Belgrade, Serbia[14]

OSTEN Biennial of Drawing Skopje, North Macedonia[15]

Biennale de Paris

Riga International Biennial of Contemporary Art (RIBOCA), in Riga, Latvia[16]

São Paulo Art Biennial, in São Paulo, Brazil

SCAPE Public Art Christchurch Biennial in Christchurch, New Zealand[17]

Prospect New Orleans

Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism

Sequences, in Reykjavík, Iceland[18]

Shanghai Biennale

Sharjah Biennale, in Sharjah, UAE

Singapore Biennale, held in various locations across the city-state island of Singapore

Screen City Biennial, in Stavanger, Norway

Biennale of Sydney

Taipei Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Taiwan Arts Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Taiwan Film Biennale, in Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, U.S.A.

Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art [el], in Thessaloniki, Greece[19]

Dream city, produced by ART Rue Association in Tunisia

Vancouver Biennale

Visayas Islands Visual Arts Exhibition and Conference (VIVA ExCon) in the Philippines [20]

Venice Biennale, in Venice, Italy, which includes:

Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art

Venice Biennale of Architecture

Venice Film Festival

Vladivostok biennale of Visual Arts, in Vladivostok, Russia

Whitney Biennial, hosted by the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City, NY, USA

Web Biennial, produced with teams from Athens, Berlin and Istanbul.

West Africa Architecture Biennale,[21] Virtual in Lagos, Nigeria.

WRO Biennale, in Wrocław, Poland[22]

Music Biennale Zagreb

[SHIFT:ibpcpa] The International Biennale of Performance, Collaborative and Participatory Arts, Nomadic, International, Scotland, UK.

 

—---Venice Biennale from wikipedia —

 

The Venice Biennale (/ˌbiːɛˈnɑːleɪ, -li/; Italian: La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.[2][3][4] The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of its kind. The main exhibition held in Castello, in the halls of the Arsenale and Biennale Gardens, alternates between art and architecture (hence the name biennale; biennial).[5][6][7] The other events hosted by the Foundation—spanning theatre, music, and dance—are held annually in various parts of Venice, whereas the Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido.[8]

Organization[edit]

Art Biennale

Art Biennale

International Art Exhibition

1895

Even-numbered years (since 2022)

Venice Biennale of Architecture

International Architecture Exhibition

1980

Odd-numbered years (since 2021)

Biennale Musica

International Festival of Contemporary Music

1930

Annually (Sep/Oct)

Biennale Teatro

International Theatre Festival

1934

Annually (Jul/Aug)

Venice Film Festival

Venice International Film Festival

1932

Annually (Aug/Sep)

Venice Dance Biennale

International Festival of Contemporary Dance

1999

Annually (June; biennially 2010–16)

  

International Kids' Carnival

2009

Annually (during Carnevale)

  

History

1895–1947

On April 19, 1893, the Venetian City Council passed a resolution to set up an biennial exhibition of Italian Art ("Esposizione biennale artistica nazionale") to celebrate the silver anniversary of King Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy.[11]

A year later, the council decreed "to adopt a 'by invitation' system; to reserve a section of the Exhibition for foreign artists too; to admit works by uninvited Italian artists, as selected by a jury."[12]

The first Biennale, "I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice)" (although originally scheduled for April 22, 1894) was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia. The first exhibition was seen by 224,000 visitors.

The event became increasingly international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries installed national pavilions at the exhibition, with the first being from Belgium. In 1910 the first internationally well-known artists were displayed: a room dedicated to Gustav Klimt, a one-man show for Renoir, a retrospective of Courbet. A work by Picasso "Family of Saltimbanques" was removed from the Spanish salon in the central Palazzo because it was feared that its novelty might shock the public. By 1914 seven pavilions had been established: Belgium (1907), Hungary (1909), Germany (1909), Great Britain (1909), France (1912), and Russia (1914).

During World War I, the 1916 and 1918 events were cancelled.[13] In 1920 the post of mayor of Venice and president of the Biennale was split. The new secretary general, Vittorio Pica brought about the first presence of avant-garde art, notably Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

1922 saw an exhibition of sculpture by African artists. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists had their work exhibited there. In 1928 the Istituto Storico d'Arte Contemporanea (Historical Institute of Contemporary Art) opened, which was the first nucleus of archival collections of the Biennale. In 1930 its name was changed into Historical Archive of Contemporary Art.

In 1930, the Biennale was transformed into an Ente Autonomo (Autonomous Board) by Royal Decree with law no. 33 of 13-1-1930. Subsequently, the control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist government under Benito Mussolini. This brought on a restructuring, an associated financial boost, as well as a new president, Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. Three entirely new events were established, including the Biennale Musica in 1930, also referred to as International Festival of Contemporary Music; the Venice Film Festival in 1932, which they claim as the first film festival in history,[14] also referred to as Venice International Film Festival; and the Biennale Theatro in 1934, also referred to as International Theatre Festival.

In 1933 the Biennale organized an exhibition of Italian art abroad. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.

During World War II, the activities of the Biennale were interrupted: 1942 saw the last edition of the events. The Film Festival restarted in 1946, the Music and Theatre festivals were resumed in 1947, and the Art Exhibition in 1948.[15]

1948–1973[edit]

The Art Biennale was resumed in 1948 with a major exhibition of a recapitulatory nature. The Secretary General, art historian Rodolfo Pallucchini, started with the Impressionists and many protagonists of contemporary art including Chagall, Klee, Braque, Delvaux, Ensor, and Magritte, as well as a retrospective of Picasso's work. Peggy Guggenheim was invited to exhibit her collection, later to be permanently housed at Ca' Venier dei Leoni.

1949 saw the beginning of renewed attention to avant-garde movements in European—and later worldwide—movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism was introduced in the 1950s, and the Biennale is credited with importing Pop Art into the canon of art history by awarding the top prize to Robert Rauschenberg in 1964.[16] From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennale's exhibition spaces.

In 1954 the island San Giorgio Maggiore provided the venue for the first Japanese Noh theatre shows in Europe. 1956 saw the selection of films following an artistic selection and no longer based upon the designation of the participating country. The 1957 Golden Lion went to Satyajit Ray's Aparajito which introduced Indian cinema to the West.

1962 included Arte Informale at the Art Exhibition with Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Emilio Vedova, and Pietro Consagra. The 1964 Art Exhibition introduced continental Europe to Pop Art (The Independent Group had been founded in Britain in 1952). The American Robert Rauschenberg was the first American artist to win the Gran Premio, and the youngest to date.

The student protests of 1968 also marked a crisis for the Biennale. Student protests hindered the opening of the Biennale. A resulting period of institutional changes opened and ending with a new Statute in 1973. In 1969, following the protests, the Grand Prizes were abandoned. These resumed in 1980 for the Mostra del Cinema and in 1986 for the Art Exhibition.[17]

In 1972, for the first time, a theme was adopted by the Biennale, called "Opera o comportamento" ("Work or Behaviour").

Starting from 1973 the Music Festival was no longer held annually. During the year in which the Mostra del Cinema was not held, there was a series of "Giornate del cinema italiano" (Days of Italian Cinema) promoted by sectorial bodies in campo Santa Margherita, in Venice.[18]

1974–1998[edit]

1974 saw the start of the four-year presidency of Carlo Ripa di Meana. The International Art Exhibition was not held (until it was resumed in 1976). Theatre and cinema events were held in October 1974 and 1975 under the title Libertà per il Cile (Freedom for Chile)—a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

On 15 November 1977, the so-called Dissident Biennale (in reference to the dissident movement in the USSR) opened. Because of the ensuing controversies within the Italian left wing parties, president Ripa di Meana resigned at the end of the year.[19]

In 1979 the new presidency of Giuseppe Galasso (1979-1982) began. The principle was laid down whereby each of the artistic sectors was to have a permanent director to organise its activity.

In 1980, the Architecture section of the Biennale was set up. The director, Paolo Portoghesi, opened the Corderie dell'Arsenale to the public for the first time. At the Mostra del Cinema, the awards were brought back into being (between 1969 and 1979, the editions were non-competitive). In 1980, Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale.[13]

The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva. In 1995, Jean Clair was appointed to be the Biennale's first non-Italian director of visual arts[20] while Germano Celant served as director in 1997.

For the Centenary in 1995, the Biennale promoted events in every sector of its activity: the 34th Festival del Teatro, the 46th art exhibition, the 46th Festival di Musica, the 52nd Mostra del Cinema.[21]

1999–present[edit]

In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artists than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.

In 1999 a new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre).

The 50th edition, 2003, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.

The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.

In 2007, Robert Storr became the first director from the United States to curate the Biennale (the 52nd), with a show entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense.

Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum was artistic director of the 2009 edition entitled "Fare Mondi // Making Worlds".

The 2011 edition was curated by Swiss curator Bice Curiger entitled "ILLUMInazioni – ILLUMInations".

The Biennale in 2013 was curated by the Italian Massimiliano Gioni. His title and theme, Il Palazzo Enciclopedico / The Encyclopedic Palace, was adopted from an architectural model by the self-taught Italian-American artist Marino Auriti. Auriti's work, The Encyclopedic Palace of the World was lent by the American Folk Art Museum and exhibited in the first room of the Arsenale for the duration of the biennale. For Gioni, Auriti's work, "meant to house all worldly knowledge, bringing together the greatest discoveries of the human race, from the wheel to the satellite," provided an analogous figure for the "biennale model itself...based on the impossible desire to concentrate the infinite worlds of contemporary art in a single place: a task that now seems as dizzyingly absurd as Auriti's dream."[22]

Curator Okwui Enwezor was responsible for the 2015 edition.[23] He was the first African-born curator of the biennial. As a catalyst for imagining different ways of imagining multiple desires and futures Enwezor commissioned special projects and programs throughout the Biennale in the Giardini. This included a Creative Time Summit, e-flux journal's SUPERCOMMUNITY, Gulf Labor Coalition, The Invisible Borders Trans-African Project and Abounaddara.[24][25]

The 2017 Biennale, titled Viva Arte Viva, was directed by French curator Christine Macel who called it an "exhibition inspired by humanism".[26] German artist Franz Erhard Walter won the Golden Lion for best artist, while Carolee Schneemann was awarded a posthumous Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.[27]

The 2019 Biennale, titled May You Live In Interesting Times, was directed by American-born curator Ralph Rugoff.[28]

The 2022 edition was curated by Italian curator Cecilia Alemani entitled "The Milk of Dreams" after a book by British-born Mexican surrealist painter Leonora Carrington.[29]

The Biennale has an attendance today of over 500,000 visitors.[30][31][32]

Role in the art market[edit]

When the Venice Biennale was founded in 1895, one of its main goals was to establish a new market for contemporary art. Between 1942 and 1968 a sales office assisted artists in finding clients and selling their work,[33] a service for which it charged 10% commission. Sales remained an intrinsic part of the biennale until 1968, when a sales ban was enacted. An important practical reason why the focus on non-commodities has failed to decouple Venice from the market is that the biennale itself lacks the funds to produce, ship and install these large-scale works. Therefore, the financial involvement of dealers is widely regarded as indispensable;[16] as they regularly front the funding for production of ambitious projects.[34] Furthermore, every other year the Venice Biennale coincides with nearby Art Basel, the world's prime commercial fair for modern and contemporary art. Numerous galleries with artists on show in Venice usually bring work by the same artists to Basel.[35]

Central Pavilion and Arsenale[edit]

The formal Biennale is based at a park, the Giardini. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.

Initiated in 1980, the Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists. From 1999, both the international exhibition and the Aperto were held as one exhibition, held both at the Central Pavilion and the Arsenale. Also in 1999, a $1 million renovation transformed the Arsenale area into a cluster of renovated shipyards, sheds and warehouses, more than doubling the Arsenale's exhibition space of previous years.[36]

A special edition of the 54th Biennale was held at Padiglione Italia of Torino Esposizioni – Sala Nervi (December 2011 – February 2012) for the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification. The event was directed by Vittorio Sgarbi.[37]

National pavilions[edit]

Main article: National pavilions at the Venice Biennale

The Giardini houses 30 permanent national pavilions.[13] Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Giardini are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various countries participating in the Biennale. The first nation to build a pavilion was Belgium in 1907, followed by Germany, Britain and Hungary in 1909.[13] The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their ministries of culture.[38]

Countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini are exhibited in other venues across Venice. The number of countries represented is still growing. In 2005, China was showing for the first time, followed by the African Pavilion and Mexico (2007), the United Arab Emirates (2009), and India (2011).[39]

The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion, established and emerging countries represented at the biennial maintain and fund their pavilions in different ways.[38] While pavilions are usually government-funded, private money plays an increasingly large role; in 2015, the pavilions of Iraq, Ukraine and Syria were completely privately funded.[40] The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council[41] while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State which, since 1985, has been the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.[42] The countries at the Arsenale that request a temporary exhibition space pay a hire fee per square meter.[38]

In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia and Slovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, eleven new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegowina, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada,[43] Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[44] In 2019, four countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Ghana, Madagascar, Malaysia, and Pakistan.[45]

As well as the national pavilions there are countless "unofficial pavilions"[46] that spring up every year. In 2009 there were pavilions such as the Gabon Pavilion and a Peckham pavilion. In 2017 The Diaspora Pavilion bought together 19 artists from complex, multinational backgrounds to challenge the prevalence of the nation state at the Biennale.[47]

The Internet Pavilion (Italian: Padiglione Internet) was founded in 2009 as a platform for activists and artists working in new media.[48][49][50] Subsequent editions were held since,[51] 2013,[51] in conjunction with the biennale.[52]

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وینسVenetsiya

art umjetnost umění kunst taideτέχνη művészetList ealaínarte māksla menasartiKunst sztuka artăumenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

venice biennale Venezia Venedig biennalen Bienal_de_Venecia Venise Venecia Bienalo Bienal Biënnale Venetië Veneza Μπιενάλε της Βενετίας ヴェネツィ ア・ビエンナーレ 威尼斯双年展 Venedik Bienali Venetsian biennaali Wenecji biennial #venicebiennale #venicebiennial biennalism

Veneziako Venecija Venècia Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia VenedigΒ ενετία Velence Feneyjar Venice Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja VenezaVeneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴ ェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya Italy italia

 

--------key words

headband protest fashion protestfashion artistic intervention performance artformat action installation critical critic critique institutional critic choregraphy scenography

#venicebiennale #biennalist #artformat #biennale #artbiennale #biennial

#BiennaleArte2024 #artformat

ComicCon 2012, the comic book convention opened in Ottawa recently. This replica of the Back To The Future De Lorean was parked downtown opposite the Comic Book Shoppe on Bank Street when I walked by. What a cool car! I had fun editing these street photos.

delorean.com/wallpapers/

 

Here's the De Lorean story here: ateupwithmotor.com/sports-cars-and-muscle-cars/254-delore...

 

See the LARGE size here:

www.flickr.com/photos/mikeygottawa/7198508832/sizes/o/

 

More of Mikey G Ottawa's Flickr pics of this fine De Lorean sports car here: www.flickr.com/search/?w=14813074%40N00&q=de+lorean&a...

 

ComicCon info here: www.ottawacomiccon.com/

 

This Flickr SlideShow Link will always open with Mikey G Ottawa's most recent images here: www.flickr.com/photos/mikeygottawa/show/

.

Santuario del Divino Niño Jesús de las Palomitas

bro. Gustavo Guijarro Montes

Tel. (492) 943-0200 (8 a.m. - 6 p.m.)

Cod. Postal 98630

Tacoaleche, Gpe., Zac., México.

Fiesta en honor del Niño: 7 de Enero

Estimado peregrino:

Le sugerimos que anuncie por teléfono

su próxima visita, para atenderlo mejor.

 

devocionaldivinonino.blogspot.mx/2009/12/santo-nino-de-la...

 

www.divinodelaspalomitas.com/

 

Visita la Pagina Facebook y da clik en me gusta

www.facebook.com/catedralesiglesias

 

© Álbum 3226

By Catedrales e Iglesias

By Cathedrals and Churches

Par Cathédrales et Eglises

By catedrals i esglésies

Diócesis de Zacatecas

www.catedraleseiglesias.com

 

Egidio Zaluaga Murúa, nació en España el primero de septiembre de 1879. Años después se integró a la orden carmelita, donde adoptó el nombre de Fray Clemente de San José, éste llevó una vida ejemplar y en 1923 recibió, de manos de Josefina Larrañaga, una escultura del Niño Dios.

 

La figura era relativamente pequeña, medía 30 cm. de altura, y en sus manos se veían dos palomas. Fray Clemente aceptó con mucho gusto el regalo y lo acompañó durante su estadía en el Convento de Victoria, en Álava, España.

 

Sin embargo al padre le gustaba mucho predicar la Palabra del Señor en todos los lugares posibles; razón por la cual emprendió diferentes viajes, principalmente por la República Mexicana, donde visitó varios estados y la bella escultura siempre fue con él y era su motor para seguir adelante.

 

De esta forma en todos los lugares donde se quedaba, había siempre un pequeño altar, y la gente que observaba al Niño quedaba prendado de él. Los fieles le solicitaban aliviar sus penas, y El Niño Jesús de las Palomitas, (que siempre fue su nombre) escuchaba y atendía sus peticiones, es por ello que cuenta con muchos devotos en varias zonas. Esas palomitas representan principalmente a las almas de los niños a quines tanto ama Jesús precisamente por buenos y sencillos. Pero también, las almas de los adultos. "Si no se hacen como niños no entrarán al reino de los cielos". (Lc. 18,16-17). El niño aprisiona las palomitas en las manos junto a su pecho y a su corazón para mostrarnos las protección y el amor que nos prodigia. Las palomitas también nos traen a la memoria al Espíritu Santo que apareció en forma de paloma cuando Jesús fue bautizado por su pariente Juan.El año de 1973 la señora Doña Catalina padecía una grave enfermedad.

 

Dos religiosas clarisas, tías de la enferma, que vivían en un convento de la vecina ciudad de Zacatecas acudieron solícitas a visitar a la sobrina. Como no tenían ni oro ni plata le llevaron un regalo -milagro en potencia-, una medalla de latón en cuyo anverso aparecía la imagen del Niño de las Palomitas y en el reverso, la de la Virgen del Carmen. Más tardaron las piadosas samaritanas y serviciales religiosas en recomendar a Doña Catalina que se encomendara al Niño y le pidiera su salud, que ella en poner en práctica el providencial consejo. El resultado no se hizo esperar. Sanó la señora. Para ella y para su familia aquello no fue otra cosa que un verdadero milagro. Éste fue uno de los primeros signos, que el Niño de las Palomitas realizara en las tierras coloradas que, crónicamente sedientas, habían debido su pigmento en el altar de los mártires zacatecanos. Saboreado el milagro, Doña Catalina se apresuró a mandar hacer una imagen del Niño, en base a la medalla, para rendirle culto en el oratorio de la Virgen de Fátima. Corría el mes de Abril de 1973, cuando el escultor Don Miguel Juárez terminó la encantadora escultura que fue colocada en el oratorio el 13 de mayo de ese mismo año. El Sr. Canónigo Don Antonio Vela Godina, gran señor, -más por su espíritu que por su estatura- bendijo la sagrada imagen. El milagro de la curación de Doña Catalina fue la chispa del incendio que se propagó en múltiples y centrífugos círculos concéntricos por las rancherías y ciudades circunvecinas y luego por gran parte del país. Pronto se tuvo noticia de otros muchos y señalados favores, conseguidos por mediación del Niño; por lo que la devoción crecía y crecía gracias a la merecida fama de la milagrosa imagen. Ya por los años 1975-76 se tenía popularmente al Niño como muy milagroso. El pequeño oratorio fue recibiendo cada vez más visitantes de todos los sectores sociales. Algunos iban a dar gracias por el favor recibido. Otros, a implorar la protección y ayuda del Divino Niño. Dejaban como prueba de su gratitud y de su fe la clásica veladora, el milagro de oro o de plata, flores naturales o ratifícales.

 

Tacoaleche, Zacatecas es el lugar donde permanece actualmente y ahí se reúnen miles de fieles procedentes de diferentes estados de la República, y también de algunos países centroamericanos y de USA para agradecer al Niño por algún algún favor recibido y el día 7 de enero es su festejo, razón por la cual no sólo la población sino todos sus fieles están de manteles largos dando gracias a Dios por tan Divina presencia.

 

Las palomas que el Niño sostiene en sus manos simbolizan el amor, la fe, la paciencia y la sabiduría, sin olvidarnos de la inocencia, la pureza y la bondad que encierra a todos los hijos de Dios.

  

Oración al SANTO NIÑO DE LAS PALOMITAS

  

Oh Divino Niño Jesús de las Palomitas, Hijo del Padre, Dios y Hombre verdadero, nacido de Santa María Virgen. Nos acercamos a Ti, con humildad y confianza, a suplicarte que ejerzas tu bondad y tu misericordia en favor nuestro. Que se nos apliquen los merecimientos que nos lograste con tu vida, pasión, muerte y resurrección, para que convertidos a Ti, y a nuestros hermanos, podamos conseguir el cielo que nos tienes prometido. Y así, poder vivir felices eternamente contigo en compañía del Padre y del Espíritu Santo. Así sea

 

CANTO OFICIAL AL NIÑO DE LAS PALOMITAS

 

(Llegada a su santuario)

 

Oh Niño Divino de las Palomitas,

con mucho cariño te hago esta visita.

 

Dios Padre del cielo nos manda escucharte;

oírte queremos, Jesús, y adorarte.

 

Oh Niño bendito, nos perdonas siempre

cuando arrepentidos venimos a verte.

 

Aquí de rodillas, prometo mi Dios,

vivir nueva vida; dame tu perdón.

 

Condúcenos, Niño, al reino del cielo;

Verdad y Camino y Luz de los ciegos.

 

La Virgen y Madre del Niño Jesús

desea que me salve, cargando mi cruz.

 

José, fiel esposo y padre nutricio,

concédeme el gozo de hallar a tu Hijo.

 

Amamos al Papa y a nuestros Obispos

y a la Iglesia Santa, de quien somos hijos.

 

Despedida de su santuario

 

Nos vamos, oh Niño,

nos vamos de aquí

>con llanto y suspiros,

pero no sin Ti.

 

Adiós, Niño hermoso

de las Palomitas;

son lindos tus ojos,

también tus manitas.

 

Bendice con ellas

a los caminantes,

que dejan las huellas

de sus pies sangrantes.

 

Protégenos, Niño,

y a nuestras familias,

que por los caminos

hay piedras y espinas.

 

La paz llevaremos

a nuestros amigos,

y les contaremos

que vimos al Niño.

 

Queremos volver,

Jesús lindo y bueno,

que volverte a ver

será nuestro empeño.

 

Inca Trail Trek to Machu Picchu

The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is beyond a doubt one of the most beautiful trails in America and an unforgettable experience not to be missed. The trail leads through the protected wild nature of the Peruvian jungle and forest steppe, passes several archeological Inca sights and offers impressive views. The Incas used this itinerary for theirpilgrimage to the sacred citadel Machu Picchu. inca trail to machu Picchu.

Package Name: Inca Trail Classic

Duration: 4 Days / 3 Nights

Type of Trek: Archaeological, Cultural, ecological and Adventure

Group Size: To suit group requirements

Difficulty degree of this hike: Moderate / Challenge

Departures Day:

- Our company organize daily departures

- All private service departure dates are adapted to your request.

- A minimum of 2 persons is needed for this trek

Activities: Trekking, Camping and Adventure

High Season: March - January

Route: Closed in February

Altitude: 2050 - 4200 m. / 6730 - 13780 f.

Inca Trail Trek Itinerary:

Day 1: Cusco - Km 82 – Wayllabamba - Yuncachimpa

we will leave Cusco (3350m/10990f) at 5:30 am by tourist bus to and head for the Sacred Valley of the Incas. Before we reach our starting point km 82, we make a short break in Ollantaytambo for having the option to get breakfast. The official beginning of the Inka Trail is called km 82. Here we will meet the rest of the group and take care of the registration facilities. After crossing the Rio Urubamba (2200m) we will start the legendary Inca Trail. The first day the trail is easy to walk and a good warm up for the fallowing days. In Miskay we’ll have lunch at a small river bank while getting some information about the archaeological complex of Llactapata. After that, we will continue our hike to Wayllabamba (3100m/10170f) and ascend to Yuncachimpa (3300m/10826f), the camping site we will spend the night in. From here, we have a great view of the mysterious Nevado de Verónica.

Level of difficulty: normal (easy)

Hiking time: 5-6 hours

Total distance: 11km approx.

Day 2: Yuncachimpa - Llulluchapampa – Warmihuañusca pass - Pacaymayu - Runkurakay pass - Chaquicocha

The second day is the ‘Free-Hike-Day’; that means, that everybody should walk in his/her own pace – of course you will meet during the small breaks or see each other while beating the stairs. Early in the morning the trails first leads through the Valley of Llulluchapampa (3850m/12631f). The first 3km are step - enjoy the humid woodland and the water sounds. From Llulluchapampa fallow the way for 2-3 hours until you crest the highest point of this section, the Warmihuañusca (Dead Woman Pass) (4200m/113780f). This climb is known as the most difficult part of the Inca Trail. After a short break at the summit, you continue your hike down with a long and steep descent to the river Pacamayo (Sunrise River) towards the Runkurakay pass (3050m/10007f) until you reach our camping site called Chaquicocha at (3650m/11975f). Here you can relax your body from the tough day while enjoying an amazing view over the mountains.

Level of difficulty: challenge

Hiking time: 7-8 hours

Total distance: 15 km approx. 

Day 3: Chaquicocha - Phuyupatamarca – Wiñayhuayna

The third day is the most beautiful one. You can notice a change in the eco-system while walking to the tropical forest of Wiñaywayna. We will pass two small lakes at the top of the second pass (3950m). It’s a gentle climb through beautiful cloud forest and a small Inca tunnel before the third pass (3700m) offers a grand view over the Rio Urubamba Valley. The nearest settlement is named Phuyupatamarca/"Town above the clouds" (3600m/11811f). A well preserved site with long chain Inca baths where one can enjoy impressive ancient engineering. We pass another Inca Tunnel before visiting the ruins of Wiñaywayna/"Forever young" (2650m/8694f). The Inca stairs change into a zigzag trail until you reach a red-roofed white building, our last camping site, and also a location with hot water (5S) and bottled drinks.

Level of difficulty: normal, unforgettable (easy)

Hiking time: 5-6 hours

Total distance: 10 km Approx.

 

Day 4: Wiñayhuayna - Machu Picchu - Cusco

After our breakfast at 4:30 am, we will head - equipped with our flashlights - to the Inti Punku (Sun Gate) to get the first glimpse of Machu Picchu and watch the sunrise over Machu Picchu and Wayna Picchu. The last triumphal descent will take you almost one hour before we visit the citadel of Machu Picchu (2400m//7874f) around 8.00am. You can enjoy its spiritual charm during a guided tour (about two hours) that helps you to understand the meaning and ancient use of the different buildings. After this tour you will have enough time to explore the archeological site on your own (f.ex. go to the Inca Bridge, explore the variety of buildings or climb Wayna Picchu for an amazing panorama picture). A bus takes you down to Aguas Calientes. Here you can soak away your aches and pain in the town’s hot springs (S10). We will leave Aguas Calientes in the afternoon.

Level of difficulty: normal, unique (easy)

Hiking time: 2-3 hours

Total distance: 7 km approx.

 

What is Included:

Transport

Private transfer from your hotel in Cusco to km 82

Tourist train from Aguas Calientes to Cusco (Poroy)/or Ollantaytambo and bus to Cusco

Transfer from the train station in Cusco to your hotel in Cusco

Entrance fees to the Inca trail and Machu Picchu

Professional bilingual guide (Spanish and English)

Camping equipment (professional two-persons tents: Doite, model Cima 4, extra light/4kg, Doite, model Kailas 3, extra light/4.5kg and Doite, model Himalaya, extra light/4.5kg; sleeping mats, dining tent equipped with a table and chairs, a sanitary tent)

Cook, cooking equipment, meals (3 breakfasts, 3 lunches and 3 dinners). Food includes pancakes, omelettes, soups, fresh fruit and spaghetti, chicken, fish, meat and rice, all rich in carbohydrates and very suitable for trekking, hot drinks including coca leafs tea which is excellent for the altitude

Tea and snack time everyday (tea, coffee, wantan, popcorn, cracker)

Porters to carry the main luggage (all the equipment and cooking stock)

First-aid kit, oxygen bottle and safety rope

 

What is not Included:

Sleeping bag rent: US$ 5 per day. Our sleeping bags are –8ºC-comfort (0ºF) and mummy form and include a sleeping liner.

Lunch on the last day after the guided tour at Machu Picchu

Entrance to the Hot Springs in Aguas Calientes

Optional night in Aguas Calientes can be arranged easily.

Alcoholic drinks

 

Recomended Things To Take

Sleeping bag (you can rent at Cusco Expeditions office).

Bottle of mineral water.

Rain gear and/or plastic poncho (can be purchase in Cusco).

Hiking boots.

Warm jacket or fleece, t-shirts, shorts, long pants, sun hat and wool hat.

Flashlight.

Sun block.

Insect repellent.

Toilet paper and garbage bag.

Small towel and bathing suit (hot springs optional).

Camera, extra film and extra batteries.

Snacks, chocolates, energy bars.

Emergency money.

Walking stick (optional).

 

CALL US We are ready to take your call.

Call us: Telephone: (+51) (84) 632307, Telefax: (+51) (84) 632307

 

Cell Phone: (+51) (84) 974727031 / 958191179 / 984567085 (24 hours available)

  

Address: Triunfo Street 392 - Centro Artesanal Arte Inka 2nd Floor 212 - Main Square of Cusco

  

Business Hours: Monday to Sunday: (From 9:00am to 13:00PM) - ( From 15:00PM - 8:00PM)

  

E-mail: contact@cuscoexpeditions.com, info@cuscoexpeditions.com

  

MSN: cuscoexpeditions@hotmail.com

  

Website: www.cuscoexpeditions.com/

  

Copyright © 2005-2020 Cusco Expeditions E.I.R.L. - Peruvian Tour Operator - Travel Agency

 

 

 

 

@iReadCulture Thanks to Culture Magazine for a great review for the CANNAcig by RFMK. If you're interested in a great product that supports the medical marijuana industry the CANNAcig is GREAT. The stock symbol is RFMK if you want to invest :) To get yours online go to:

www.vinhaler.com/online-store.html

 

CASTING NOW!!! DREAM BIG! Nothing like being featured in a national TV show to gain huge national publicity for your business, career, or yourself!

 

Hollywood's most celebrated Network & Cable producers are now working with Cheryl Shuman to develop 4 (Four) different reality series evolving around the cannabis community and movement. These will be hits!! Imagine Entourage Meets Sex in the City Meets The Apprentices Meets Top Model Meets The Big C Meets the Cannabis Movement. These new hit shows about real men & women, living captivating lives in LEGAL MEDICAL MARIJUANA are now casting! This upcoming docu-series gives viewers an inside look at Cannabis Communities most intriguing, interesting, compelling, & glamorous individuals. In addition, we will be profiling some of the most compelling patient stories to help promote law reform as well as top political figures during the upcoming election.

 

The Production Team is currently looking for fabulous men, women and their families who live or work in the cannabis industry as well as main stream cannabis consumers to be on this series. We are searching for outgoing, exciting, strong, self-confident men & women who reside in LEGAL medical cannabis states who want to share their amazing lives!

 

Theses new docu-series are an amazing platform to promote current or future activism, business endeavors, careers, ideas, etc... you can't beat the huge publicity of a national television show to make you and your ideas/brand a major success!

 

If you or someone you know is living "the good life" in one of the legal medical marijuana communities, we want to hear from you!

 

TO SUBMIT:

Be sure to mention you heard about this from Cheryl Shuman for priority consideration, and email ALL the information requested below ASAP to:

 

BeverlyHillsCannabisClub@gmail.com

Be sure to include:

1. Your name (first and last)

2. Contact phone number

3. City/Zip where you live

4. A short bio about you and your fabulous life and what makes you a fit for this tv show

5. Recent photos of you, your family, and your home/BUSINESS (jpg format please)

6. Be sure to mention you heard about this from Cheryl Shuman for priority consideration!

 

TO RECEIVE NOTICES LIKE THIS WITH MORE INFO ON ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY JOBS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND EVENTS:

Just go to www.BeverlyHillsCannabisClub.com and click Register!

 

Kindest Personal Regards

 

Cheryl Shuman

Director of Celebrity, Media & Public Relations

 

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION COMMENTS AND FB LIKES/TWEETS ON MY ARTICLES! :) THNX :) Check out the article on:

 

blog.sfgate.com/smellthetruth/2012/06/11/an-inside-look-a...

 

blog.sfgate.com/smellthetruth/2012/06/28/fx-thursday-nigh...

 

The stars shone brilliantly at Lure Night Club in Hollywood for the FX Summer Comedy Party. The celebration included series stars from Anger Management, Brand X With Russell Brand, Louie, Wilfred, and Totally Biased. Celebrities in attendance were Charlie Sheen, Russell Brand, Louis C.K., W. Kamau Bell, Selma Blair, Shawnee Smith, Daniela Bobadilla, Noureen DeWulf, Michael Arden, Derek Richardson, Elijah Wood, Jason Gann, Fiona Gubelmann and Dorian Brown.

 

The room was electric, buzzing with the anticipated arrival of the “winning” man himself, Charlie Sheen, star of Anger Management. He was easy to spot upon his entrance, surrounded by nearly a dozen bodyguards. I noticed that he was the only celeb with such an entourage.

 

Several sections of Lure were roped off for celebrities and VIPs. Massive video screens were everywhere, promoting the Thursday evening line up. Upon arrival with my daughter as my date, I stopped by to visit with each show and reunited with my friends from Wilfred — where I proudly work with them as the “marijuana expert” for the show.

 

About Cheryl Shuman:

 

Referred to as the "Martha Stewart of Marijuana," Cheryl Shuman announces the formation of Green Asset International Inc.. Shuman brings 25 years of experience working with media, celebrities, marketing and health care in Beverly Hills. Shuman found her passion in the cannabis movement since 1996 working as an activist and legal cannabis patient. Since using cannabis therapy, she has survived cancer and injuries from two car crashes.

 

Shuman was the founder of Beverly Hills NORML, founding charter member of the NORML Women's Alliance and served on the steering committee for Public Relations and Marketing on an International platform. Cheryl Shuman is a founding member of the NCIA, National Cannabis Industry Association and served as the Director of Special Projects for the NCIA including the Women's Cannabusiness Network. Cheryl Shuman transformed her non-profit career into a thriving profitable media enterprise.

 

Cheryl was the Executive Director of Celebrity, Media and Public Relations for the KUSH Brand which includes KUSH Magazine, KUSH Conventions and DailyBuds.com. Cheryl Shuman has been interviewed for television programs, newspapers and magazines, including but not limited to: ABC News, CNN, Fox News, NBC News, Access Hollywood, Entertainment Tonight, Today Show NBC, HBO Entertainment News and more.

 

Her private medical cannabis collective, "The Beverly Hills Cannabis Club" is unlisted and membership is by referral only. Through her personal relationships and connections within Hollywood, Cheryl Shuman has been named as one of the most influential women in the cannabis reform movement by international media. Her position within the cannabis industry creates the first and only company of its kind and at the forefront of entertainment marketing, celebrity endorsements, product placement integration, sponsorships, production and technology.

 

Cheryl Shuman serves as media spokesperson for the hot new vaporizer CANNACig Rapid Fire Marketing (pink sheets: RFMK) and conducts their marketing, public relations, product placement, and consulting services.

 

Cheryl Shuman's "Green Asset International Inc." is a business development company and acquisition vehicle. Green Asset made news with an historic $100 million funding facility dedicated to the cannabis industry with plans to go public by 2014.

 

--

Cheryl Shuman, C.E.O.

Green Asset International Inc.

Director of Celebrity, Media & Public Relations

"Smell the Truth" - Hearst Digital Media

(www.blog.sfgate.com/smellthetruth/)

The Truth List

(www.TheTruthList.com)

Spokesperson for CANNACig by RFMK

www.vinhaler.com/online-store.html

(www.Rapid-Fire-Marketing.com/)

Beverly Hills Cannabis Club

Join Free Using "Cheryl Shuman" as your invitation code on:

(www.BeverlyHillsCannabisClub.com)

Social Network Links:

BHCC: www.BeverlyHillsCannabisClub.com

LinkedIN: www.LinkedIn.com/in/CherylShuman

Facebook: www.FaceBook.com/CherylShumanInc

Twitter: www.Twitter.com/CherylShuman

YouTube: www.YouTube.com/BeverlyHillsCannabis

CIF CENTRAL SECTION CHAMPIONSHIP

 

Liberty High School - Wednesday, May 14, 2008

www.andynoise.com/valley08.html

 

Central Section Grand Masters

 

At Liberty

 

Team standings--unavailable.

 

400 relay--1. Bakersfield (Hunt, Turner, Johnson, Norwood), 42.28; 2. Clovis East (Bourbon, Scott, Smith, Woods), 42.58; 3. Redwood (Stewart, Ray, Root, Coles), 43.07; 4. Central (Newsome, Bigelow, Hammack, Phillips), 43.15. 1,600--1. Chris Schwartz, Foot, 4:15.80; 2. Jonathan Sanchez, Buch, 4:17.48; 3. Eric Battles, CW, 4:20.34; 4. Jesse Arellano, Mad, 4:21.56. 110H--1. Ethan DeJongh, MtW, 14.49; 2. Sean Johnson, Buch, 14.66; 3. Jon Funch, CW, 14.81; 4. Isiah Crunk, Wash, 15.17. 400--1. Maurice Lewis, Ed, 49.08; 2. Isiah Purvis, Lib, 49.13; 3. Daniel Lozano, Stock, 49.35; 4. Jelani Hendrix, Ed, 49.62. 100--1. Brendon Bigelow, Central, 10.62; 2. Emmanuel Turner, Bak, 10.81; 3. Matt Sumlin, Gar, 10.91; 4. Chris Lopez, GW, 10.98. 800--1. Anthony Mitchell, North, 1:54.19; 2. Aric Champagne, MtW, 1:54.97; 3. Andrew Campbell, CW, 1:55.69; 4. Arturo Ramirez, Centennial, 1:55.83. 300H--1. DeJongh, MtW, 37.93; 2. Cody Alves, Sel, 37.94; 3. James Smith, CE, 39.03; 4. Sean Johnson, Buch, 39.28. 200--1. Brendon Bigelow, Central, 21.29; 2. Isiah Purvis, Lib, 21.96; 3. Mario Navarette, Sanger, 22.04; 4. Chris Lopez, GW, 22.29. 3,200--1. Chris Schwartz, Foot, 9:24.19; 2. Jonathan Sanchez, Buch, 9:24.99; 3. Jon Ross, CE, 9:26.42; 4. Danny Vartanien, Buch, 9:26.42. 1,600 relay--1. Edison (Hendrix, Carter, Boughton, Lewis), 3:17.86; 2. Liberty (Hill, Garside, Affentranger, Purvis), 3:18.95; 3. Bakersfield (Miller, Turner, Johnson, Gooden), 3:20.06; 4. Clovis East (Ellis, Defonska, Woods, Smith), 3:22.40. PV--1. Andrew Lohse, Mad, 15-0; 2. Michael Peterson, CE, 15-0J; 3. Jeff Brenner, Cl, 14-6; 4. Frankie Puente, Sel, 14-0. SP--1. Dayshan Ragans, Foot, 60-7; 2. Matt Darr, Fron, 52-8.75; 3. Troy Rush, CW, 52-8.5; 4. Christian Millard, CE, 51-10.5. TJ--1. Johnny Carter, Ridge, 48-3; 2. Tyler Thompson, Shaf, 47-3; 3. Chris Kelly, Ridge, 46-11.5; 4. Jordan Smith, Central, 46-10.5. D--1. Dayshan Ragans, Foot, 199-2; 2. Jacob Budwig, Fowl, 168-8; 3. Niko Gomes, Cl, 164-10; 4. Matt Darr, Fron, 157-7. LJ--1. Kenny Phillips, Central, 23-4; 2. Tyler Thompson, Shaf, 21-11.5; 3. Dillon Root, Red, 21-11; 4. Kevin Norwood, GV, 21-8.75. HJ--1. Kenny Phillips, Central, 6-8; 2. Isiah Griggs, Bak, 6-6; 3. George Robbins, West, 6-4; 4. Jeff Brenner, Cl, 6-4J.

 

Notes: Top three in each event advance to state meet, May 30-31 in Norwalk. The two wild cards with the best times/marks from all sections also advance.

 

Girls track

 

Central Section Grand Masters

 

At Liberty

 

Team standings--unavailable.

 

400 relay--1. Edison (Eng, Scott, Thompson, Sears), 47.16; 2. Bullard (J. Williams, Riddlesprigger, Baisch, L. Williams), 48.17; 3. Tulare Western, 48.73; 4. Bakersfield (Torres, Belt, Brown, Wandick), 48.80. 1,600--1. Saleh Barsarian, Cl, 5:02.98; 2. Meghan Marvin, Cl, 5:03.02; 3. Chloe Allen, CW, 5:04.62; 4. Allison Gonzales, Ex, 5:11.52; 100H--1. Alyssa Monteverde, CW, 14.59; 2. Brianny Williams, Ed, 14.60; 3. Taylor Jackson, Fr, 15.04; 4. Jen Melton, CW, 15.37. 400--1. Breanna Thompson, Ed, 56.64; 2. Dedrea Wyrik, Sun, 57.49; 3. Lasasha Aldredge, Central, 58.12; 4. Taylor Donaldson, Reed, 58.13. 100--1. Megan Del Pino, CW, 11.66; 2. Jenna Prandini, Cl, 11.74; 3. Lynn Williams, Bul, 12.00; 4. Brushay Wandick, Bak, 12.01. 800--1. Allysa Mejia, Reed, 2:17.47; 2. Molly Pahkamaa, ElD, 2:17.73; 3. Katie Fry, Ex, 2:18.74; 4. Ashlee Thomas, Centennial, 2:19.77. 300H--1. Alyssa Monteverde, CW, 43.92; 2. Taylor Jackson, Fron, 44.86; 3. Brianny Williams, Ed, 45.69; 4. Alana Alexander, Centennial, 46.12. 200--1. Megan Del Pino, CW, 23.94; 2. Dominique Whittington, Lem, 24.65; 3. Brushay Wandick, Bak, 24.69; 4. Breanna Thompson, Ed, 24.90. 3,200--1. Jordan Hasay, MP, 10:24.78; 2. Meghan Marvin, Cl, 10:59.96; 3. Chloe Allen, CW, 11:06.19; 4. Corina Mendoza, Mad, 11:32.06. 1,600 relay--1. Edison (Burk, Thompson, Scott, Smith), 3:54.89; 2. Stockdale (Cady, Anderson, Mello, S. Anderson), 3:58.26; 3. Clovis West (Laidley, Capriotti, Del Pino, Monteverde), 3:59.02; 4. Reedley, 3:59.07. D--1. Anna Jelmini, Shaf, 162-5; 2. Alex Collatz, Stock, 148-6; 3. Carey Tuuamalemalo, Taft, 130-9; 4. Janae Coffee, CW, 121-6. LJ--1. Jenna Prandini, Cl, 18-7.25; 2. Lynn Williams, Bul, 18-0.75; 3. Alana Alexander, Centennial, 17-6.75; 4. Ja'Nia Sears, Ed, 17-6.5. HJ--1. Alyssa Monteverde, CW, 5-4; 2. Cristina Muro, GW, 5-2; 3. Katherine Mahr, Buch, 5-2; 4. Marish Riddlesprigger, Bul, 5-2J. SP--1. Anna Jelmini, Shaf, 44-0.75; 2. Destanie Yarbrough, CE, 37-10; 3. Heather Vermillion, Red, 37-9; 4. Tasha Firstone, CW, 36-6.5. TJ--1. Alana Alexander, Centennial, 38-3.75; 2. Jenna Prandini, Cl, 38-3; 3. Goziam Okolie, 36-10.5; 4. Alex Collatz, Stock, 36-2. PV--1. Allison Berryhill, CW, 11-6; 2. Amanda Klinchuch, Lib, 11-6J; 3. Cheree Jones, King, 10-6; 4. Emily Falkenstein, Buch, 10-6J.

 

Notes: Top three in each event advance to state meet, May 30-31 in Norwalk. The two wild cards with the best times/marks from all sections also advance.

 

"JAYNE COUNTY'S MAD TEA PARTY..SEX! ART! MUSIC!"

A KYMARA 21ST CENTURY THREE DAY HAPPENING

Friday, April 9, 2010 at 8:00pm

Chelsea Hotel

New York, NY

 

www.punkglobe.com/jaynecountyinterview0809.html

jaynecounty.com/

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayne_County

www.myspace.com/jayneisblonde

www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=34004014453&ref=ts

  

Description

KYMARA 21ST CENTURY HAPENINGS, "PUNK GLOBE MAGAZINE", THE BLUE ELEPHANT EVENTS AND CAFE HARNEY AND SONS FINE TEA, WARWICK VALLEY WINERY AND DISTILLERY AND STUDIO 54 NY SUPERSTAR PARTY HOST, MIESTORM ALONG WITH MILO ROCK AND KYMARA

 

STARRING THE PREMIERE EXHIBIT OF THE ARTISTIC WORKS OF JAYNE COUNTY!!!!!

 

ALONG WITH THE ART, MUSIC AND FILM OF BILLY NAME, ANTON PERICH, CHRISTOPHER MAKOS, MICK ROCK, PRAIRIE PRINCE,CHRISTOPHER LYNCH, MARY WORONOV, LOUIS WALDON, WALTER STEDING, GAZELLE, GORMAN BECHARD, ERIC DANVILLE, THE FLOYDIAN DEVICE, DAVE STREET AND CO. AMANDA BURNS, MARK LA FALCE, AND MANY MORE MUSICIANS AND ARTISTS...

 

ANNOUNCING THE WORKS OF THE "BILLY NAME ANTE ART SUPERSTARS" JAYNE COUNTY, PRAIRIE PRINCE, RUBY LYNN REYNER, ANTON PERICH, MIESTORM, MILO ROCK, FERNANDO CARPANEDA, IAN COUCH, AND KYMARA

 

JAYNE COUNTY WILL BE PERFORMING LIVE AT CHELSEA HOTEL ALONG WITH HER NEW BAND, "THE WAR HOLES" FEATURING

MILO ROCK, FRANK COLEMAN, BOB TOXIC AND ARENA BOUND. VINTAGE FOOTAGE OF JAYNE COUNTY'S LIVE PERFORMANCE BY THE LEGENDARY ANTON PERICH

 

A FABULOUS ARRAY OF JAYNE COUNTY'S HISTORIC COSTUMES WILL BE ON DISPLAY!

 

FASHION SHOW BY "LIVE FAST" NYC

 

AWARD WINNING FILM "FRIENDS WITH BENEFITS" BY INDIE FILM DIRECTOR GORMAN BECHARD FOLLOWED BY A Q&A ON SUNDAY

 

A PORTION OF OUR PROCEEDS BENEFITS THE LGBT COMMUNITY SERVICES CENTER 208 West 13th Street New York, NY 10011

 

QUESTIONS????COMMENTS?????

CALL KYMARA DIRECTLY AT..

207-286-7399

OR EMAIL KYMARA@KYMARA.COM

 

Biography

 

Born in 1947 as Wayne Rogers, County left her hometown of Dallas, Georgia in 1968 to move to New York City, where she became a regular at the Stonewall Inn and took part in the historic riots. In 1969, County was asked by Warhol superstar and playwright Jackie Curtis to appear in her play Femme Fatale at the La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, which also starred Patti Smith. In her autobiography, County says of Curtis, "She was my biggest influence, the person who really got me started." After a successful run of Femme Fatale, County wrote her own play World - Birth Of A Nation which she also appeared in, bringing her to the attention of Andy Warhol, who cast her in his own theatrical production Pork. After a run in New York, the play, with the New York cast, was performed in London for a few months. Upon returning to New York, County appeared in another play, Island, by Tony Ingrassia, again with Patti Smith.

Then, in 1972 County got her first band, Queen Elizabeth together, one of the pioneering glam rock bands. Despite being signed to MainMan Management, David Bowie's management firm, no records were ever produced, although the company did spend over $200,000 to film the 1974 stage show "Wayne at the Trucks", no footage of which has ever been released (even in bootleg form). The show featured numerous costume changes and some of County's raunchiest material. The film remains (presumably) in Bowie's vaults, though eight live recordings from this show were released in audio form on the 2006 CD Wayne County At The Trucks on Munster Records. The show is claimed by County to be the major inspiration for Bowie's stage show for the tour supporting his Diamond Dogs album.[1] In particular, County maintains that the song "Queenage Baby" was a prototype for Bowie's song "Rebel Rebel", a claim which is supported by some rock critics.[2][3]

In 1975, with her new band "The Backstreet Boys," Wayne County recorded three tracks for the compilation Max's Kansas City: New York New Wave, which also featured Suicide, Pere Ubu and The Fast. Wayne County and The Backstreet Boys played regularly at CBGBs and at Max's Kansas City, where County was also a DJ. In 1976, she appeared in the film The Blank Generation, directed by Amos Poe and Ivan Kral. The film, the recording and the shows were the beginnings of what came to be known as punk rock, and helped define this movement for a generation of youth.

In 1977, County left New York to return to London, where the English punk scene was just emerging. Here, she formed a new band called Wayne County & the Electric Chairs. County released the EP Electric Chairs 1977, plus a single on Illegal Records. This was followed by her most famous song, "Fuck Off" recorded as a single for Safari Records, with a European tour in support of the records. While in London, County met Derek Jarman who cast her as the character "Lounge Lizard" in the seminal punk film Jubilee, which also starred Adam Ant, Toyah Willcox, Ian Charleson and Jordan. After this The Electric Chairs recorded their first self-titled album, which featured "Eddie and Sheena", and an EP named Blatantly Offensive, which contained "Fuck Off" and "Toilet Love." After touring, they followed this up with another album Storm The Gates Of Heaven. The next album, released in 1979, was Things Your Mother Never Told You which featured several songs based on County's recent experiences in Germany. After it was released, the band broke up and County (along with guitarist Eliot Michaels) returned to the U.S. in 1979. It was at this time that she officially changed her stage name to "Jayne County" and began self-identifying as a woman. The final release by County on Safari Records, Rock and Roll Resurrection (In Concert), a live album recorded in Toronto on New Year's Eve of 1979, was under this new name.

In 1983, County returned to New York where she appeared in the theatrical production Les Girls with Holly Woodlawn and other performers. After this she returned to London for the premiere of City Of Lost Souls and stayed long enough to tour and record another album Private Oyster with Warren Heighway as manager. Her band included members of various UK based rock bands, including Manchester-based guitarists Stuart Clarke, Chris Lynch and Baz Creece on drums. Following widespread media attention she then returned again to the U.S.

In the 1990s many of the earlier recordings were released, such as the early Safari tracks on a CD called Rock & Roll Cleopatra. She recorded the album Goddess Of Wet Dreams in 1993, followed by Deviation in 1995. That same year she appeared in Wigstock: The Movie and released her autobiography Man Enough To Be A Woman.

Since Deviation, several new tracks have surfaced on various compilations and through Jayne's official website. Many of these tracks, both live and studio recordings, were collected on the Ratcage Records release So New York, including collaborations with Lisa Jackson and former Electric Chairs guitarist Eliot Michaels. A thunderous live show (recorded on Jayne's birthday) was released on the 2002 CD Wash Me In The Blood (Of Rock & Roll)- Live at Squeeze Box by Fang Records, and features a duet on "California Sun" by County and former nemesis "Handsome" Dick Manitoba of The Dictators.

Nr. D-126.

Seat Toledo Mk1 (1991-1998).

Escala 1/43

AHC Doorkey, Epe, Holland.

Made in Spain by Pilen / Artec.

Años 90.

 

Printed description on the baseplate:

 

"DOORKEY EPE HOLLAND

MADE FOR SEAT LTD EDITION NR.D -126."

 

More info:

pilen.jimdo.com/asociaci%C3%B3n-con-otras-marcas-i/

miniaturasconry43.blogspot.com.es/2012/09/seat-toledo-y-s...

www.foro.pieldetoro.net/foro/index.php?threads/seat-en-ww...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

AUTO PILEN / ARTEC / AHC DOORKEY

[ Brief history

of Companies Interconnexions ]

 

"Auto Pilen was a diecast line of model cars made in Ibi, Alicante, in southeastern Spain by Pilen S.A..

Models were produced from the 1970s through the mid-1990s mostly in 1:43 scale.

A majority of the castings were inherited from French Dinky.

The company was started in the 1960s, diecasting items like colorful metal sailboats and key chains.

In the late 1980s. Pilen was apparently bought by AHC of the Netherlands.

 

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Pilen

 

(...)

 

"Pilen ceased its production in 1983, but only 5 years later, in 1988, the company was reborn with the new name Artec.

 

In the first catalogues from Artec, there is still place for the Pilen logo, meaning that both companies are really the same one, or at least, that Artec is the successor of Pilen."

 

(...)

 

Source: toysfromthepast.blogspot.com.es/2013/06/293-pilen-artec-s...

 

(...)

 

"Around 1980 there was a Pilen connection with Holland OTO, which had taken over Dutch Efsi Toys. A 1980 Auto Pilen catalog shows many of the revered Efsi vehicles like the Model T series and many Efsi trucks continued as a line Pilen 1980 (Bras 2012).

 

Around 1990, there was also a connection with the Dutch diecast company AHC, which appears to have bought Holland Oto and thus Auto Pilen (Bickford 2009).

AHC has since shared dies and traditionally Pilen stamped cars can be found in both AHC and Holland OTO labeled boxes (Bickford 2009; Johnson 1998, p. 15)."

 

AHC, however, usually produced Volvos, of which Pilen only had a few: the DAF based 66, the 480 Turbo, and the 460 and 850 sedans - most of these appear to have been developed first by AHC models before they were reverse marketed - and then also later sold as Pilens - some of which were made in Spain.

Some of these Volvos also appear to have been sold as promotional models. There were also some Nissans made by AHC/Doorkey packaged as Pilens (Bickford 2009).

 

With the bankruptcy of Doorkey in the early 1990s, Auto Pilen disappeared. The last new models with the Pilen name appeared at this time. "

(...)

 

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Pilen

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Doorkey

 

"Doorkey was a Dutch model car manufacturer .

 

The company was established in Epe .

They sold miniatures in the scale 1:43.

 

The models are:

 

- Opel Combo, Opel Manta

- Nissan Maxima, Nissan Serena, Nissan Micra (5 door)

- SEAT Ibiza, SEAT 600, SEAT 850 Spider, SEAT 127, SEAT Toledo

- Volvo 440, Volvo 850

- Toyota Celica, Toyota Land Cruiser

- Suzuki Samurai

- Mercedes-Benz 250C, Mercedes-Benz 100, Mercedes-Benz 500

- Mini Cooper

- Porsche Carrera 6

- VW Buggy

- Indra

- Ford Courier

- BMW 2000, BMW 507

- Lexus SC 400

 

Buses:

 

- The Elder Alliance 220 DAF

- The Elder Alliance 230 DAF

- The Oldest Alliance 310 DAF

 

The models were made by the Spanish Artec.

 

Johannes van Rijn founded the company AR-GEE Hobby Collection together with his son Richard, under the name of Ar-Gee , especially for retail.

Ar-Gee stands for the initials of son Richard and colleague Gerrit. They distributed the models under the name Doorkey.

Both companies AHC and AR-GEE were sold in 1995. The companies eventually went bankrupt."

 

Source: nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorkey

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

SEAT Toledo

 

"El SEAT Toledo es un automóvil del segmento C producido por el fabricante español SEAT desde el año 1991 hasta 2009 y desde 2012 en adelante.

Su nombre le viene dado por la ciudad española de Toledo perteneciente a Castilla-La Mancha.

El Toledo abarca cuatro generaciones, las dos primeras diseñadas por Giorgetto Giugiaro, la tercera por Walter de Silva y la cuarta por Alejandro Mesonero-Romanos.

Todas comparten elementos mecánicos y estructurales con otros modelos del Grupo Volkswagen.

 

Fue el primer automóvil de SEAT desarrollado completamente bajo la influencia de Volkswagen (que había adquirido un 51% de las acciones de la marca española en 1986) estrenando un nuevo segmento dentro del mercado español: el de los vehículos con apariencia de berlina pero dotados de un portón trasero.

El modelo fue presentado en el Salón del Automóvil de Barcelona de 1991.

En dicho salón también se presentó el libro ¡Olé Toledo!, escrito y firmado en el acto por Edourd Seidler, que siguió de cerca todo el proyecto del modelo.

El rey Juan Carlos I presidió la inauguración oficial del SEAT Toledo en un acto celebrado en el parador nacional de la ciudad de Toledo.

 

El Toledo es la berlina media de SEAT con motor delantero transversal y tracción delantera."

(...)

 

Generaciones SEAT Toledo

 

- El automóvil SEAT Toledo I, segmento C fabricado por SEAT entre 1991-1998.

- El automóvil SEAT Toledo II, segmento C fabricado por SEAT - entre 1998-2005.

- El automóvil SEAT Toledo III, segmento C fabricado por SEAT entre 2004-2009.

- El automóvil SEAT Toledo IV, segmento C fabricado por SEAT entre 2012-presente.

 

(...)

 

Fuente: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Toledo

 

More info:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Toledo

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

SEAT Toledo I

 

Primera generación (1991-1998)

 

"La primera generación del Toledo (1L) se empezó a comercializar en octubre de 1991. La producción del modelo empezó en la antigua fábrica de la Zona Franca de Barcelona hasta que, en 1993, cuando se inaugura la planta de Martorell, el Toledo se empieza a trasladar allí para su fabricación. Fue el primer modelo de SEAT en ser desarrollado en cooperación con el Grupo Volkswagen (denominado Proyecto S3).

 

En un principio se iba a desarrollar bajo la plataforma del Volkswagen Passat B3, del cual se empezaría a realizar la primera maqueta, pero se descartó por los costes de producción. Al final se desarrolló bajo la plataforma "A2" (PQ32) de la segunda generación del Volkswagen Golf existente, con carrocería hatchback de tres y cinco puertas, y de los modelos (Volkswagen Jetta)..."

(...)

 

"El Toledo de la primera generación fue diseñado por Giorgetto Giugiaro..."

(...)

 

"Se deseaba un modelo superior al SEAT Málaga, que había quedado ya algo anticuado con respecto a la competencia, y darle una nueva imagen a la marca con un modelo de aspecto moderno con unas generosas dimensiones el cual seria el buque insignia de SEAT.

Fue posicionado deliberadamente entre los segmentos C (por plataforma) y D (por soluciones técnicas y "empaque"). Algunos de sus rivales eran el Fiat Tempra, en el segmento C, y las versiones básicas del Ford Sierra, el Opel Vectra y el Renault 21, con las que competía con ventaja en equipamiento."

(...)

 

Motorizaciones

 

"Desaparecen los motores System Porsche que estaba utilizando SEAT y empiezan a utilizar las mecánicas de Volkswagen, denominadas desde la marca SEAT como "Econosport".

Las motorizaciones fueron:

 

Gasolina con injetion (Mono-Jetronic)

 

- Cuatro de gasolina de cuatro cilindros, un 1.6 litros de 75 CV de potencia máxima, un 1.8 litros de 90 CV, un 2.0 litros Digifant de 115 CV(disponible con cambio automático) y un 1.8 litros de 16V de 136 CV y con catalizador 128 CV asociado únicamente al nivel de equipamiento GT. Más tarde se agregó a la gama el 2.0-16v, que desarrollaba 150 CV de potencia máxima como tope de gama (sustituyendo al 1.8i 16v).

 

- Al final de su vida comercial la gama de motores gasolina se redujo únicamente a un 1.6 litros de 100 CV y un 2.0 16V de 150 CV de potencia máxima.

 

Diésel

 

- Las mecánicas diésel eran un 1.9 litros atmosférico de 68 CV (que más tarde se redujeron a 64 para cumplir las normativas anticontaminación) o con turbocompresor y 75 CV.

 

- La novedad más importante fue la introducción de las mecánicas turbo diésel con inyección directa de combustible, ya existentes en otros modelos del Grupo Volkswagen: el 1.9 TDI de 90 CV y, posteriormente, de 110 CV.

Las motorizaciones incluían ya el starter automático, excepto las primeras motorizaciones diésel, que lo tenían manual hasta el año 1994."

(...)

 

---------------------------

 

[ El Seat Toledo I tuvo 2 fases en su evolución, la 1ª Fase presentada en 1991, y una 2ª Fase (restyling) presentada en 1995 ] :

 

- 1ª Fase [ 1991-1995 ]

 

"SEAT presentó el automóvil bajo el eslogan "Para un mundo exigente".

En su primera fase contaba con 4 acabados: CL, GL, GLX y GT/GT16v.

 

Luego llegarían versiones especiales como la Sport/Sport 2000 (1992-1993); alguno de los extras que al principio eran opcionales (OP) más adelante se incluirán de serie."

(...)

 

"En el Salón de Oporto de 1994 se presenta el acabado 2.0-16v, que sustituye al GT-16v. y un nuevo diseño del el interior para toda la gama, como el salpicadero con detalles en gris Champagne, rediseño de los paneles interiores de las puertas, nuevos asientos con nuevas tapicerías, manetas de los mandos (luces/limpia) y algún que otro pequeño detalle. También se incluye el airbag en opcional para conductor y acompañante para las versiones altas de gama.

 

En mayo de 1995 sufre unas pequeñas modificaciones que afectan al exterior.

Las calandras pasan a ser del color de la carrocería en todos los acabados. Los faros traseros pasan a ser combinados, los de la marcha atrás blanca de (CL, GL y Sport) con los intermitentes rosados de (GLX, GT y 2.0i-16v). Los faros pierden las inscripciones Toledo y el acabado, siendo sustituidos por unos anagramas cromáticos ubicados en el portón debajo de los faros con las inscripciones SEAT a la izquierda y Toledo a la derecha, se le añaden taloneras a todas las versiones el cual integraran una chapita con el acabado del modelo. Los retrovisores tendrán un brazo algo más curvo y pasarán de ser abatibles a ser plegables además de incluir en el espejo del conductor una línea vertical central para el ángulo de punto muerto."

(...)

 

- 2ª Fase [ 1995-1998 ]

 

"En el Salón de Fránkfurt de 1995 se presentó una reestilización del SEAT Toledo que llegaría al mercado en septiembre/octubre ese mismo año, en la que se modificó la gama de motorizaciones y la apariencia.

Se le añadieron unos parachoques más redondeados, nuevos faros y nueva calandra.

En el interior heredaría el último diseño pero con nuevas tapicerías, el inmovilizador y luces de cortesía con temporizador y apagado progresivo, el doble airbag (de conductor y acompañante) y nuevos elementos de seguridad como los pretensores de los cinturones y la tercera luz de freno.

 

En el equipamiento se incluyeron pequeñas mejoras, como la preinstalación del Tempomat (control de crucero) y el Komfortblinker (poner intermitente con un toque), exclusivamente en los modelos con motorizaciones TDI, esta novedad no era muy conocida pues se trataba de un extra que solo se incluiría su instalación realizada bajo concesionario oficial, aprovechando que el grupo había empezado a incluir esta función en más modelos de la marca, con solo cambiar la maneta izquierda, que era aparentemente la misma con la diferencia de incluir unos pequeños mandos para su manejo y activar la función con el VAG.COM.

 

La primera generación del SEAT Toledo se dejó de producir a finales de 1998 pero se estuvo vendiendo hasta marzo de 1999, junto con la segunda generación, de finales de 1998."

(...)

--------------------

 

SEAT Toledo I

 

[ Fabricante

SEAT (Grupo Volkswagen), España

 

Factoría ensamblaje

Barcelona, Zona Franca (1991-1993)

Martorell (1993-1998) ]

 

Período

1991-1998

559.041 unidades

 

Tipo

Automóvil de turismo

 

Carrocerías

Liftback cinco puertas

 

Largo / ancho/ alto / batalla

4320 / 1660 / 1425 / 2470 mm

 

Maletero

550 litros

 

Similares

Citroën Xantia

Fiat Tempra

Ford Mondeo

Opel Vectra

Peugeot 405

Renault Laguna

Volkswagen Passat

 

Diseñador

Giorgetto Giugiaro

 

Source: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Toledo_I

 

More info:

www.seatfansclub.com/2011/10/historia-vida-comercial-del-...

www.museoseat.com/modelos/toledo-1/toledo1-castellano.htm

My Name Is Barack Hussein Obama, and I Approve of Humiliating myself For U.s.(1)

 

In Barack's quest to apologize for America by bowing to foreign dictators, has he failed to speak up for our Republic and freedom?

 

Submitted for your approval...

Meet Barack Obama, a portrait of self-obsession. Barry brought America to her knees with his Marxist policies. Now, we face the Obamination of Desolation crisis(2) in the Obama Zone…

 

Tweeter Meme of Obama TV Shows for Obowma, the Superbower in the Obama Zone

 

t.co/ApX24ke9 Indefinite Arrested Development #ObamaTVShows

10:41 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/sJ14BJAt Absolut Obamunism #ObamaTVShows

10:43 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/7tsJVFM4 America's Got Trouble #ObamaTVShows

10:44 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/qIVxdIpt Big Brother #ObamaTVShows

 

10:45 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/gyoQAa1w The Blunder Years #ObamaTVShows

10:48 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/sBbi3Ucg Crappy Days #ObamaTVShows

10:49 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/EbJHXy96 Czar 54, Where Are You? #ObamaTVShows

10:50 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/maki4HRT Volt 54, Where Are You? #ObamaTVShows

10:51 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/wwJF4lEN The Debt is High #ObamaTVShows

10:52 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/kW2SQ34x Different Strokes #ObamaTVShows

10:53 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/uhsDEOpq The Dukes of Kenya #ObamaTVShows

10:55 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/JQbZit2P The Fascist Princess of Bel-Air #ObamaTVShows

10:57 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/wwJF4lEN The Sixteen Trillion Dollar Man #ObamaTVShows

11:00 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/WjcODUrx Fast and Furious #ObamaTVShows

11:02 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/vgNlXvVy Fascist Forward #ObamaTVShows

11:04 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/ib20Gd4j Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. #ObamaTVShows

11:07 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/xAfNzUAr Lost In Space #ObamaTVShows

11:11 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/OpdzAGfp M. A. S. H. - Made America a Socialist Hell #ObamaTVShows

11:13 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/TFeWUop8 Muslim Island #ObamaTVShows

11:15 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/d9N2zLyx My Favorite Marxist #ObamaTVShows

11:16 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/HczzLAqM NBC Nightly News with Barry Soetoro #ObamaTVShows

11:18 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/SwWj7VDp Wheel of Misfortune #ObamaTVShows

11:19 PM Aug 29, 2012

       

You Tube Video: The Obama Zone

  

(1) Photoshop Satire notes…

 

A) Ah-So Sorry Emperor Akihito, my Pacific Puppet -

Barack Bows down to Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo on Nov 14, 2009.

 

Obama's Saikeirei (最敬礼 Profound Bow, bending over more than 45 degrees from the waist from the upright posture) expressed a sincere apology. A Japanese reporter asked Obama, "Was it the Right Decision" to Drop A-Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end World War II? The Apologist-in-Chief did not answer her question.

 

B) Comrade Hu, Can I have my Chinese Change now? -

Barack Bows to Chinese President Hu Jintao during the official arrivals for the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington on April 12, 2010.

  

China is the largest foreign holder of U.S. debt. According to the U.S. Treasury, China held 1.15 trillion dollars of Treasury Securities as of June, 2012. Japan comes in a close second with 1.11 trillion dollars.

  

C) You might be a Muslim if you bow down to King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia. -

Barack Bows down to King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud at the G20 Summit in London on Apr 2 , 2009.

 

Obama Admits He Is A Muslim

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCAffMSWSzY]

  

D) Special delivery of my Obamacare Oinkment for my Subservient Swine Flu Puppet. -

Barack Bows to Mexican President Felipe Calderon at the G20 Summit in Los Cabos, Baja California, Mexico on June 18, 2012.

  

(2) The failed Obamanomics of Obama's Economic Record.

 

1. Median Household Income has declined by 7.3% percent from January 2009 ($54,983) to June 2012 ($50,964)

 

2. According to the Federal Reserve, the median net worth of families plunged by 39 percent in three years, from $126,400 in 2007 to $77,300 in 2010

 

3. According to the Federal Reserve, the percentage of families with no or negative wealth increased to 32.5 percent in 2010 - up from 19.2 percent in 2007.

 

4. According to the Pew Research Center, the middle income class has shrunk to 51 percent in 2011 from 61 percent in 1971.

 

5. According to the Pew Research Center, the median Net Worth of the Middle Class plummeted 39% from $152,950 in 2007 to $93,150 in 2010.

 

6. According to the Pew Research Center, middle income class share of U.S. income shrunk to 45 percent in 2010 from 62 percent in 1970.

 

7. The unemployment rate in the United States has been above 8 percent for 43 straight months from Feb 2009 to Aug 2012.

 

8. Long-term Unemployed Americans (jobless for 27 weeks or more) has risen by 92 percent from 2.6 million (Jan 20, 2009) to 5 million (Aug 2012)

 

9. The average duration of unemployment is 39.2 weeks (Aug 2012), a 96 percent increase from strong>20 weeks when Obama took office.

 

10. The percentage of working age Americans with a job has been below 59 percent for 36 straight months

 

11. According to the National Employment Law Project, 58 percent of the new jobs created have been low paying jobs.

 

12. According to the Center for Economic and Policy Research, only 24.6 percent of all of the jobs are "good jobs."

 

13. In 2011, 53 percent of college graduates under the age of 25 were either unemployed or underemployed last year.

 

14. The number of jobs created by new businesses decreased by approximately 1 million from 2008 to 2010.

 

15. One out of every four workers earn less than $10 per hour in the 'Recovery' from the Great Recession.

 

16. Due to the Great Recession, the average pay for self-employed people has fallen 8 percent from $46724 in 2006 to $43,003 in 2010.

 

17. In the past decade, insurance premiums have increased three times as fast as wages.

 

18. Worker Health insurance contributions have risen by 17.5 percent from 3,515 family coveragein 2009 to $4,129 family coverage in 2011.

 

19. From 2001 to 2010, America has lost 15 manufacturing facilities every day on average. In 2010, an average of 23 manufacturing facilities every day closed every day.

 

20. According to Harvard Univesity's State of the Nation's Housing 2012 Study, 20.2 million American households spent more than half of their incomes on housing in 2010, a 12.8 percent increase from 2007 (17.9 million American households)

 

21. Since 2009, the cost of Household electricity skyrocketed by $300 in one year to $1419 in 2010. Electric rates have increased above the inflation rate for five consecutive years.

 

22. Home Values have fallen 18 percent.

 

Biennalist :

Biennalist is an Art Format commenting on active biennials and managed cultural events through artworks.Biennalist takes the thematics of the biennales and similar events like festivals and conferences seriously, questioning the established structures of the staged art events in order to contribute to the debate, which they wish to generate.

-------------------------------------------

links about Biennalist :

 

Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Room_(art)

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

—--Biennale from wikipedia —--

 

The Venice International Film Festival is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.

Biennale (Italian: [bi.enˈnaːle]), Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years. It is most commonly used within the art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions. As such the term was popularised by Venice Biennale, which was first held in 1895. Since the 1990s, the terms "biennale" and "biennial" have been interchangeably used in a more generic way - to signify a large-scale international survey show of contemporary art that recurs at regular intervals but not necessarily biannual (such as triennials, Documenta, Skulptur Projekte Münster).[1] The phrase has also been used for other artistic events, such as the "Biennale de Paris", "Kochi-Muziris Biennale", Berlinale (for the Berlin International Film Festival) and Viennale (for Vienna's international film festival).

Characteristics[edit]

According to author Federica Martini, what is at stake in contemporary biennales is the diplomatic/international relations potential as well as urban regeneration plans. Besides being mainly focused on the present (the “here and now” where the cultural event takes place and their effect of "spectacularisation of the everyday"), because of their site-specificity cultural events may refer back to,[who?] produce or frame the history of the site and communities' collective memory.[2]

 

The Great Exhibition in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, the first attempt to condense the representation of the world within a unitary exhibition space.

A strong and influent symbol of biennales and of large-scale international exhibitions in general is the Crystal Palace, the gigantic and futuristic London architecture that hosted the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to philosopher Peter Sloterdijk,[3][page needed] the Crystal Palace is the first attempt to condense the representation of the world in a unitary exhibition space, where the main exhibit is society itself in an a-historical, spectacular condition. The Crystal Palace main motives were the affirmation of British economic and national leadership and the creation of moments of spectacle. In this respect, 19th century World fairs provided a visual crystallization of colonial culture and were, at the same time, forerunners of contemporary theme parks.

The Venice Biennale as an archetype[edit]

 

The structure of the Venice Biennale in 2005 with an international exhibition and the national pavilions.

The Venice Biennale, a periodical large-scale cultural event founded in 1895, served as an archetype of the biennales. Meant to become a World Fair focused on contemporary art, the Venice Biennale used as a pretext the wedding anniversary of the Italian king and followed up to several national exhibitions organised after Italy unification in 1861. The Biennale immediately put forth issues of city marketing, cultural tourism and urban regeneration, as it was meant to reposition Venice on the international cultural map after the crisis due to the end of the Grand Tour model and the weakening of the Venetian school of painting. Furthermore, the Gardens where the Biennale takes place were an abandoned city area that needed to be re-functionalised. In cultural terms, the Biennale was meant to provide on a biennial basis a platform for discussing contemporary art practices that were not represented in fine arts museums at the time. The early Biennale model already included some key points that are still constitutive of large-scale international art exhibitions today: a mix of city marketing, internationalism, gentrification issues and destination culture, and the spectacular, large scale of the event.

Biennials after the 1990s[edit]

The situation of biennials has changed in the contemporary context: while at its origin in 1895 Venice was a unique cultural event, but since the 1990s hundreds of biennials have been organized across the globe. Given the ephemeral and irregular nature of some biennials, there is little consensus on the exact number of biennials in existence at any given time.[citation needed] Furthermore, while Venice was a unique agent in the presentation of contemporary art, since the 1960s several museums devoted to contemporary art are exhibiting the contemporary scene on a regular basis. Another point of difference concerns 19th century internationalism in the arts, that was brought into question by post-colonial debates and criticism of the contemporary art “ethnic marketing”, and also challenged the Venetian and World Fair’s national representation system. As a consequence of this, Eurocentric tendency to implode the whole word in an exhibition space, which characterises both the Crystal Palace and the Venice Biennale, is affected by the expansion of the artistic geographical map to scenes traditionally considered as marginal. The birth of the Havana Biennial in 1984 is widely considered an important counterpoint to the Venetian model for its prioritization of artists working in the Global South and curatorial rejection of the national pavilion model.

International biennales[edit]

In the term's most commonly used context of major recurrent art exhibitions:

Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, South Australia

Asian Art Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Athens Biennale, in Athens, Greece

Bienal de Arte Paiz, in Guatemala City, Guatemala[4]

Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale (Arts in Marrakech Festival)

Bamako Encounters, a biennale of photography in Mali

Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism

Beijing Biennale

Berlin Biennale (contemporary art biennale, to be distinguished from Berlinale, which is a film festival)

Bergen Assembly (triennial for contemporary art in Bergen, Norway)www.bergenassembly.no

Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China

Bienal de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Biënnale van België, Biennial of Belgium, Belgium

BiennaleOnline Online biennial exhibition of contemporary art from the most promising emerging artists.

Biennial of Hawaii Artists

Biennale de la Biche, the smallest biennale in the world held at deserted island near Guadeloupe, French overseas region[5][6]

Biwako Biennale [ja], in Shiga, Japan

La Biennale de Montreal

Biennale of Luanda : Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace,[7] Angola

Boom Festival, international music and culture festival in Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal

Bucharest Biennale in Bucharest, Romania

Bushwick Biennial, in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York

Canakkale Biennial, in Canakkale, Turkey

Cerveira International Art Biennial, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal [8]

Changwon Sculpture Biennale in Changwon, South Korea

Dakar Biennale, also called Dak'Art, biennale in Dakar, Senegal

Documenta, contemporary art exhibition held every five years in Kassel, Germany

Estuaire (biennale), biennale in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, France

EVA International, biennial in Limerick, Republic of Ireland

Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, in Gothenburg, Sweden[9]

Greater Taipei Contemporary Art Biennial, in Taipei, Taiwan

Gwangju Biennale, Asia's first and most prestigious contemporary art biennale

Havana biennial, in Havana, Cuba

Helsinki Biennial, in Helsinki, Finland

Herzliya Biennial For Contemporary Art, in Herzliya, Israel

Incheon Women Artists' Biennale, in Incheon, South Korea

Iowa Biennial, in Iowa, USA

Istanbul Biennial, in Istanbul, Turkey

International Roaming Biennial of Tehran, in Tehran and Istanbul

Jakarta Biennale, in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jerusalem Biennale, in Jerusalem, Israel

Jogja Biennale, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Karachi Biennale, in Karachi, Pakistan

Keelung Harbor Biennale, in Keelung, Taiwan

Kochi-Muziris Biennale, largest art exhibition in India, in Kochi, Kerala, India

Kortrijk Design Biennale Interieur, in Kortrijk, Belgium

Kobe Biennale, in Japan

Kuandu Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Lagos Biennial, in Lagos, Nigeria[10]

Light Art Biennale Austria, in Austria

Liverpool Biennial, in Liverpool, UK

Lofoten International Art Festival [no] (LIAF), on the Lofoten archipelago, Norway[11]

Manifesta, European Biennale of contemporary art in different European cities

Mediations Biennale, in Poznań, Poland

Melbourne International Biennial 1999

Mediterranean Biennale in Sakhnin 2013

MOMENTA Biennale de l'image [fr] (formerly known as Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal), in Montreal, Canada

MOMENTUM [no], in Moss, Norway[12]

Moscow Biennale, in Moscow, Russia

Munich Biennale, new opera and music-theatre in even-numbered years

Mykonos Biennale

Nakanojo Biennale[13]

NGV Triennial, contemporary art exhibition held every three years at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

October Salon – Belgrade Biennale [sr], organised by the Cultural Center of Belgrade [sr], in Belgrade, Serbia[14]

OSTEN Biennial of Drawing Skopje, North Macedonia[15]

Biennale de Paris

Riga International Biennial of Contemporary Art (RIBOCA), in Riga, Latvia[16]

São Paulo Art Biennial, in São Paulo, Brazil

SCAPE Public Art Christchurch Biennial in Christchurch, New Zealand[17]

Prospect New Orleans

Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism

Sequences, in Reykjavík, Iceland[18]

Shanghai Biennale

Sharjah Biennale, in Sharjah, UAE

Singapore Biennale, held in various locations across the city-state island of Singapore

Screen City Biennial, in Stavanger, Norway

Biennale of Sydney

Taipei Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Taiwan Arts Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Taiwan Film Biennale, in Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, U.S.A.

Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art [el], in Thessaloniki, Greece[19]

Dream city, produced by ART Rue Association in Tunisia

Vancouver Biennale

Visayas Islands Visual Arts Exhibition and Conference (VIVA ExCon) in the Philippines [20]

Venice Biennale, in Venice, Italy, which includes:

Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art

Venice Biennale of Architecture

Venice Film Festival

Vladivostok biennale of Visual Arts, in Vladivostok, Russia

Whitney Biennial, hosted by the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City, NY, USA

Web Biennial, produced with teams from Athens, Berlin and Istanbul.

West Africa Architecture Biennale,[21] Virtual in Lagos, Nigeria.

WRO Biennale, in Wrocław, Poland[22]

Music Biennale Zagreb

[SHIFT:ibpcpa] The International Biennale of Performance, Collaborative and Participatory Arts, Nomadic, International, Scotland, UK.

 

—---Venice Biennale from wikipedia —

 

The Venice Biennale (/ˌbiːɛˈnɑːleɪ, -li/; Italian: La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.[2][3][4] The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of its kind. The main exhibition held in Castello, in the halls of the Arsenale and Biennale Gardens, alternates between art and architecture (hence the name biennale; biennial).[5][6][7] The other events hosted by the Foundation—spanning theatre, music, and dance—are held annually in various parts of Venice, whereas the Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido.[8]

Organization[edit]

Art Biennale

Art Biennale

International Art Exhibition

1895

Even-numbered years (since 2022)

Venice Biennale of Architecture

International Architecture Exhibition

1980

Odd-numbered years (since 2021)

Biennale Musica

International Festival of Contemporary Music

1930

Annually (Sep/Oct)

Biennale Teatro

International Theatre Festival

1934

Annually (Jul/Aug)

Venice Film Festival

Venice International Film Festival

1932

Annually (Aug/Sep)

Venice Dance Biennale

International Festival of Contemporary Dance

1999

Annually (June; biennially 2010–16)

  

International Kids' Carnival

2009

Annually (during Carnevale)

  

History

1895–1947

On April 19, 1893, the Venetian City Council passed a resolution to set up an biennial exhibition of Italian Art ("Esposizione biennale artistica nazionale") to celebrate the silver anniversary of King Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy.[11]

A year later, the council decreed "to adopt a 'by invitation' system; to reserve a section of the Exhibition for foreign artists too; to admit works by uninvited Italian artists, as selected by a jury."[12]

The first Biennale, "I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice)" (although originally scheduled for April 22, 1894) was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia. The first exhibition was seen by 224,000 visitors.

The event became increasingly international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries installed national pavilions at the exhibition, with the first being from Belgium. In 1910 the first internationally well-known artists were displayed: a room dedicated to Gustav Klimt, a one-man show for Renoir, a retrospective of Courbet. A work by Picasso "Family of Saltimbanques" was removed from the Spanish salon in the central Palazzo because it was feared that its novelty might shock the public. By 1914 seven pavilions had been established: Belgium (1907), Hungary (1909), Germany (1909), Great Britain (1909), France (1912), and Russia (1914).

During World War I, the 1916 and 1918 events were cancelled.[13] In 1920 the post of mayor of Venice and president of the Biennale was split. The new secretary general, Vittorio Pica brought about the first presence of avant-garde art, notably Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

1922 saw an exhibition of sculpture by African artists. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists had their work exhibited there. In 1928 the Istituto Storico d'Arte Contemporanea (Historical Institute of Contemporary Art) opened, which was the first nucleus of archival collections of the Biennale. In 1930 its name was changed into Historical Archive of Contemporary Art.

In 1930, the Biennale was transformed into an Ente Autonomo (Autonomous Board) by Royal Decree with law no. 33 of 13-1-1930. Subsequently, the control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist government under Benito Mussolini. This brought on a restructuring, an associated financial boost, as well as a new president, Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. Three entirely new events were established, including the Biennale Musica in 1930, also referred to as International Festival of Contemporary Music; the Venice Film Festival in 1932, which they claim as the first film festival in history,[14] also referred to as Venice International Film Festival; and the Biennale Theatro in 1934, also referred to as International Theatre Festival.

In 1933 the Biennale organized an exhibition of Italian art abroad. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.

During World War II, the activities of the Biennale were interrupted: 1942 saw the last edition of the events. The Film Festival restarted in 1946, the Music and Theatre festivals were resumed in 1947, and the Art Exhibition in 1948.[15]

1948–1973[edit]

The Art Biennale was resumed in 1948 with a major exhibition of a recapitulatory nature. The Secretary General, art historian Rodolfo Pallucchini, started with the Impressionists and many protagonists of contemporary art including Chagall, Klee, Braque, Delvaux, Ensor, and Magritte, as well as a retrospective of Picasso's work. Peggy Guggenheim was invited to exhibit her collection, later to be permanently housed at Ca' Venier dei Leoni.

1949 saw the beginning of renewed attention to avant-garde movements in European—and later worldwide—movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism was introduced in the 1950s, and the Biennale is credited with importing Pop Art into the canon of art history by awarding the top prize to Robert Rauschenberg in 1964.[16] From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennale's exhibition spaces.

In 1954 the island San Giorgio Maggiore provided the venue for the first Japanese Noh theatre shows in Europe. 1956 saw the selection of films following an artistic selection and no longer based upon the designation of the participating country. The 1957 Golden Lion went to Satyajit Ray's Aparajito which introduced Indian cinema to the West.

1962 included Arte Informale at the Art Exhibition with Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Emilio Vedova, and Pietro Consagra. The 1964 Art Exhibition introduced continental Europe to Pop Art (The Independent Group had been founded in Britain in 1952). The American Robert Rauschenberg was the first American artist to win the Gran Premio, and the youngest to date.

The student protests of 1968 also marked a crisis for the Biennale. Student protests hindered the opening of the Biennale. A resulting period of institutional changes opened and ending with a new Statute in 1973. In 1969, following the protests, the Grand Prizes were abandoned. These resumed in 1980 for the Mostra del Cinema and in 1986 for the Art Exhibition.[17]

In 1972, for the first time, a theme was adopted by the Biennale, called "Opera o comportamento" ("Work or Behaviour").

Starting from 1973 the Music Festival was no longer held annually. During the year in which the Mostra del Cinema was not held, there was a series of "Giornate del cinema italiano" (Days of Italian Cinema) promoted by sectorial bodies in campo Santa Margherita, in Venice.[18]

1974–1998[edit]

1974 saw the start of the four-year presidency of Carlo Ripa di Meana. The International Art Exhibition was not held (until it was resumed in 1976). Theatre and cinema events were held in October 1974 and 1975 under the title Libertà per il Cile (Freedom for Chile)—a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

On 15 November 1977, the so-called Dissident Biennale (in reference to the dissident movement in the USSR) opened. Because of the ensuing controversies within the Italian left wing parties, president Ripa di Meana resigned at the end of the year.[19]

In 1979 the new presidency of Giuseppe Galasso (1979-1982) began. The principle was laid down whereby each of the artistic sectors was to have a permanent director to organise its activity.

In 1980, the Architecture section of the Biennale was set up. The director, Paolo Portoghesi, opened the Corderie dell'Arsenale to the public for the first time. At the Mostra del Cinema, the awards were brought back into being (between 1969 and 1979, the editions were non-competitive). In 1980, Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale.[13]

The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva. In 1995, Jean Clair was appointed to be the Biennale's first non-Italian director of visual arts[20] while Germano Celant served as director in 1997.

For the Centenary in 1995, the Biennale promoted events in every sector of its activity: the 34th Festival del Teatro, the 46th art exhibition, the 46th Festival di Musica, the 52nd Mostra del Cinema.[21]

1999–present[edit]

In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artists than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.

In 1999 a new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre).

The 50th edition, 2003, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.

The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.

In 2007, Robert Storr became the first director from the United States to curate the Biennale (the 52nd), with a show entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense.

Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum was artistic director of the 2009 edition entitled "Fare Mondi // Making Worlds".

The 2011 edition was curated by Swiss curator Bice Curiger entitled "ILLUMInazioni – ILLUMInations".

The Biennale in 2013 was curated by the Italian Massimiliano Gioni. His title and theme, Il Palazzo Enciclopedico / The Encyclopedic Palace, was adopted from an architectural model by the self-taught Italian-American artist Marino Auriti. Auriti's work, The Encyclopedic Palace of the World was lent by the American Folk Art Museum and exhibited in the first room of the Arsenale for the duration of the biennale. For Gioni, Auriti's work, "meant to house all worldly knowledge, bringing together the greatest discoveries of the human race, from the wheel to the satellite," provided an analogous figure for the "biennale model itself...based on the impossible desire to concentrate the infinite worlds of contemporary art in a single place: a task that now seems as dizzyingly absurd as Auriti's dream."[22]

Curator Okwui Enwezor was responsible for the 2015 edition.[23] He was the first African-born curator of the biennial. As a catalyst for imagining different ways of imagining multiple desires and futures Enwezor commissioned special projects and programs throughout the Biennale in the Giardini. This included a Creative Time Summit, e-flux journal's SUPERCOMMUNITY, Gulf Labor Coalition, The Invisible Borders Trans-African Project and Abounaddara.[24][25]

The 2017 Biennale, titled Viva Arte Viva, was directed by French curator Christine Macel who called it an "exhibition inspired by humanism".[26] German artist Franz Erhard Walter won the Golden Lion for best artist, while Carolee Schneemann was awarded a posthumous Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.[27]

The 2019 Biennale, titled May You Live In Interesting Times, was directed by American-born curator Ralph Rugoff.[28]

The 2022 edition was curated by Italian curator Cecilia Alemani entitled "The Milk of Dreams" after a book by British-born Mexican surrealist painter Leonora Carrington.[29]

The Biennale has an attendance today of over 500,000 visitors.[30][31][32]

Role in the art market[edit]

When the Venice Biennale was founded in 1895, one of its main goals was to establish a new market for contemporary art. Between 1942 and 1968 a sales office assisted artists in finding clients and selling their work,[33] a service for which it charged 10% commission. Sales remained an intrinsic part of the biennale until 1968, when a sales ban was enacted. An important practical reason why the focus on non-commodities has failed to decouple Venice from the market is that the biennale itself lacks the funds to produce, ship and install these large-scale works. Therefore, the financial involvement of dealers is widely regarded as indispensable;[16] as they regularly front the funding for production of ambitious projects.[34] Furthermore, every other year the Venice Biennale coincides with nearby Art Basel, the world's prime commercial fair for modern and contemporary art. Numerous galleries with artists on show in Venice usually bring work by the same artists to Basel.[35]

Central Pavilion and Arsenale[edit]

The formal Biennale is based at a park, the Giardini. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.

Initiated in 1980, the Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists. From 1999, both the international exhibition and the Aperto were held as one exhibition, held both at the Central Pavilion and the Arsenale. Also in 1999, a $1 million renovation transformed the Arsenale area into a cluster of renovated shipyards, sheds and warehouses, more than doubling the Arsenale's exhibition space of previous years.[36]

A special edition of the 54th Biennale was held at Padiglione Italia of Torino Esposizioni – Sala Nervi (December 2011 – February 2012) for the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification. The event was directed by Vittorio Sgarbi.[37]

National pavilions[edit]

Main article: National pavilions at the Venice Biennale

The Giardini houses 30 permanent national pavilions.[13] Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Giardini are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various countries participating in the Biennale. The first nation to build a pavilion was Belgium in 1907, followed by Germany, Britain and Hungary in 1909.[13] The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their ministries of culture.[38]

Countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini are exhibited in other venues across Venice. The number of countries represented is still growing. In 2005, China was showing for the first time, followed by the African Pavilion and Mexico (2007), the United Arab Emirates (2009), and India (2011).[39]

The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion, established and emerging countries represented at the biennial maintain and fund their pavilions in different ways.[38] While pavilions are usually government-funded, private money plays an increasingly large role; in 2015, the pavilions of Iraq, Ukraine and Syria were completely privately funded.[40] The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council[41] while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State which, since 1985, has been the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.[42] The countries at the Arsenale that request a temporary exhibition space pay a hire fee per square meter.[38]

In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia and Slovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, eleven new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegowina, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada,[43] Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[44] In 2019, four countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Ghana, Madagascar, Malaysia, and Pakistan.[45]

As well as the national pavilions there are countless "unofficial pavilions"[46] that spring up every year. In 2009 there were pavilions such as the Gabon Pavilion and a Peckham pavilion. In 2017 The Diaspora Pavilion bought together 19 artists from complex, multinational backgrounds to challenge the prevalence of the nation state at the Biennale.[47]

The Internet Pavilion (Italian: Padiglione Internet) was founded in 2009 as a platform for activists and artists working in new media.[48][49][50] Subsequent editions were held since,[51] 2013,[51] in conjunction with the biennale.[52]

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وینسVenetsiya

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Veneziako Venecija Venècia Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia VenedigΒ ενετία Velence Feneyjar Venice Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja VenezaVeneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴ ェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya Italy italia

 

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Post and Telegraph

 

To an isolated community such as Mackay, the development of postal and telegraphic communication was very important, and was among the first public utilities established.

 

An early report describes business at Mackay being "conducted in a hovel in Wood Street, called, by courtesy, the Post Office." When the mail arrived, it was thrown in a heap in the middle of the room and addressees selected their own mail from the pile. The Postmaster General paid a visit in 1863 and reported the Mackay office as 'very unsatisfactory'. The first postmaster was probably J.T. Baker who was also clerk of petty sessions.

 

Pack horse mail services to Nebo and Avon Downs in the hinterland were established in 1865. In 1867 the electric telegraph line from Brisbane was extended from Broadsound to Mackay.

 

The telephone, invented by A.G. Bell in 1876 came to Brisbane in 1880 and Mackay was connected in 1899, the 7th exchange in Queensland.

 

An imposing Post Office was built at a site in River Street in 1883. It has undergone many changes, notably to the clock tower and verandah, as well as internal changes, but much of the original building is still retained.

 

In 1975 ownership passed from the Post Master General's Department to Telecom when the two government departments separated. As Mackay grew, several suburban post offices and agencies were established, and a new mail exchange opened in West Mackay in 1984. A new post office was opened in Sydney Street in 1994.

 

From the Mackay Historical Society and Museum Incorporated.

  

Queensland State Archives Image ID 2590

dl.dropbox.com/u/1294462/senoritaredsocial.html

 

Paloma Baytelman: La señorita Red Social

 

Fue una de las primeras blogueras nacionales. Es una de las diez tuiteras más influyentes. Se autodenominó una red social. Es una celebridad nacida, criada y existente sólo en el mundo 2.0. ¿Quién es Paloma Baytelman, y cómo hizo todo esto?

Por Isabel Plant, fotos Sergio López

 

Lo de Soledad Onetto se entiende. Primero, porque es rubia, muy rubia, en este país de pasiones blondas. Y segundo, es -era- de la tele y del Festival de Viña; una de las personas más reconocibles de Chile. Por eso se entiende que entre los tuiteros con más seguidores en Chile esté ella siempre bien puntera, y que en el ránking de influyentes publicado hace unos meses por El Mercurio, hecho por PeerIndex, la ex conductora de Teletrece sea la primera.

 

Bajo Onetto había una decena de hombres. Pero, en la posición diez, venía una mujer que para los habitantes del mundo digital es nombre conocido, pero para los análogos es desconocida: @paloma. En el ránking no era sólo la única mujer en el top 10 junto a Onetto. Estaba un lugar más arriba que Consuelo Saavedra.

 

Paloma no sale en la televisión abierta, ni escribe en un medio masivo, ni nada por el estilo. Es una famosa de Twitter y de blogs, hecha y derecha. Quizás la más, en esta larga y angosta faja de tierra y la nube digital que la envuelve.

¿Quién es Paloma? ¿Y cómo llegó a ser una celebridad digital?

 

PALOMA. A SECAS.

 

No es que Paloma sea sólo Paloma, como Cher o Madonna. Paloma es Paloma Baytelman, 34 años, periodista, divorciada. Hoy trabaja en Corfo, haciéndose cargo del área web y medios digitales. Antes, trabajó editando un sitio web médico y, entre medio, en el área de innovación de la Biblioteca del Congreso.

 

Antes de eso estudió Derecho, pero no le gustó. Y antes de eso fue a dos colegios, y antes de eso nació en una familia de padres arquitectos: Gaad Baytelman, quien hoy se dedica a efectos especiales y de cámara para cine y televisión, y Myriam Pilowsky, quien se ha desempeñado en su carrera y en la administración pública. Paloma es la mayor de cinco hermanos. Y, cuenta mientras revuelve una ensalada sentada en un café del barrio Lastarria, a unas cuadras de donde vive, no era la más tecnológica de la casa.

 

-Mi hermano Felipe es como genio de temas de computación, tiene una empresa llamada Baytex. Siempre hubo computador en mi casa, pero yo era como inepta en el tema. Como mi hermano estaba en el computador todo el día, yo era buena para trasnochar y hacía las tareas de la universidad de noche. Tenía que ir donde Felipe y decirle, “Despierta, ¿cómo se pone negrita?” -dice riendo.

 

Lo de la tecnología partió en realidad como un amor por internet, cuando entró a estudiar periodismo en la Universidad Diego Portales en 1996, cuando el periodismo se olvidaba finalmente de la máquina de escribir para comenzar una relación estable con lo digital. Nacían los primeros mails, Paloma se hizo uno altiro (hotmail, obvio), y pasaba horas navegando. Empezó a escribir: siempre le había gustado contar historias, y con esto del mail comenzó a mandarles entregas de lo que le pasaba en el día a sus amigos.

 

Eso hizo por años. Hasta que pasado el nuevo milenio, su hermano cursaba una beca en Tokio y le mandó el link de un sitio web propio. Fue así como Paloma conoció lo que era un blog. Y abrió “Con los ojos en la calle”, convirtiéndose en una de las primeras blogueras nacionales. Hablaba de su barrio, de la micro, de las actividades culturales a las que iba.

 

En ese entonces trabajaba en el sitio web médico, haciendo entrevistas y reportajes y aprendiendo del mundo virtual, así que el blog le servía para “soltar la mano”, dice. Se propuso escribir una vez a la semana, lo que cumplió por los siguientes cinco años. Y, más importante aún, cambió el dominio de su blog a Paloma.cl. Comenzó el camino a convertirse en marca registrada.

 

-Muy tempranamente me contacté con Roberto Arancibia, que es como el padre de los blogueros chilenos. Él me transmitió algo que usaba a destajo, lo que a alguna gente le cae súper mal: para ser un verdadero bloguero es súper importante formar redes y para eso hay que contar lo que uno hace y no tener miedo a la autopromoción.

 

LA RED SOCIAL

 

Paloma fue adquiriendo notoriedad en el mundo web. Era porque estaba en todas, y había llegado primero. Estudió cada tecnología 2.0 que salía: aparecían los podcast y probaba grabar uno. Aparecía Flickr y compartía fotos con gente de todo el mundo. Aprendió de Wikipedia. De Facebook. Conoció los streaming en su primera versión. Comenzó a hacer pequeños videos que subía a su blog y los llamó “Paloma TV”, su propio canal web.

 

Los videos de Paloma TV son variados en temática y profesionalismo: ella en su peluquería de barrio, ella con amigos comiendo en la Fuente Alemana, ella yendo a votar a las elecciones presidenciales, ella preguntándole a su papá por qué le puso Paloma. O, a medida que ha agarrado nombre y expertise, ella entrevistando al creador de Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales, o otros gurús del mundo web como Clay Shirky o Howard Rheingold. A todos les da la bienvenida: “Welcome to my show”.

 

Y, por supuesto, en abril de 2007, se metió a Twitter, red social que no explotaba aún en popularidad, consiguiendo el nombre @paloma. En la pequeña biografía que acompaña su cuenta puso algo así como que era periodista, que le encantaba mirar las cosas que pasaban en la calle. Y puso: “Soy una red social”. Esa autoproclamación no cayó bien en el mundo 2.0, un terreno que también es fértil para el bullying virtual.

- Como no todos comparten mi sentido del humor, alguna gente era agresiva. Dije bueno ya, lo voy a sacar. Después de un tiempo caché que era como una marca registrada, y lo puse de nuevo. Después mi cuenta creció exponencialmente, y ahí vino mucha gente muy pesada. Al final ¿sabes qué?, para evitarme contar el cuento y decir que es broma, lo saqué.

 

Su cuenta de Twitter creció rápidamente porque el sitio web de tecnología Alt1040 hizo una lista de los 100 twitteros para seguir en español, y la puso en el número 10 de la nómina. Se llenó de seguidores. Tiene 58 mil 600 aproximadamente.

 

Hoy Paloma ha hecho consultorías y charlas sobre el mundo digital y redes sociales, va a los eventos web que se hagan en Chile y en el extranjero, y cuenta que apenas aparece un nuevo programa, sitio web, lo que sea, inmediatamente se pone en contacto con los creadores. Su blog, y su twitter, fueron mutando entonces de comentarios cotidianos a información sobre tecnología.

 

Paloma dice que es un poco “pulga en la oreja”; va y le escribe a los de Twitter que algo en el sitio no funciona, o que puede funcionar mejor de otra manera. Va a eventos web y arrasa con todos a su paso hasta llegar al invitado top.

 

Y aunque a muchos les choque que salga corriendo tras la gente que admira, y que se considere un medio de comunicación tan relevante como cualquier otro, es así como Paloma Baytelman logra lo que quiere: ha estado en Google, se ha reunido en MIT con los profesores del Media Lab, ha gestionado todo. Paloma es la personificación de lo que los gringos llaman “Networking”: si le interesa conocer a alguien, va y lo hace, y después guarda el contacto, y se presenta y después va y le presenta ese contacto a otra persona.

 

-Más que Red Social, si lo dices concretamente, soy como un nodo dentro de una red. Conozco y conecto y me encanta conectar a gente que sé puede hacer cosas bacanes juntas.

 

INFLUYENTEMENTE HABLANDO

 

-¿No te da vértigo twittear cuando tienes tantos seguidores?

 

-Tengo como pesadillas de que twitteo algo muy personal -dice riéndose- o la típica pesadilla del twittero de que mandaste algo subido de tono o un mensaje personal a un amigo, y que te equivocaste de botón y se lo mandaste a todo el mundo.

 

Aunque aparece en listados y ránkings, aunque le pasen cosas como que el gobierno de Estados Unidos la seleccione junto a otros treinta periodistas del mundo para ir a Washington a conversar de Nuevos Medios a la Casa Blanca, Paloma dice que no es influyente.

 

-No creo en las listas. Creo que hay gente con menos seguidores que logra más movimiento de comunidad, mis lectores son más pasivos. Influyente para mí es alguien que sabe mucho de contingencia política y logra mover votos, o una eminencia en temas de salud o sabe mucho de literatura. Yo comunico mi día a día, cosas súper cotidianas, a lo más un par de personas van a un restaurante que recomendé o me contestan cosas como cómo picar zapallo o si hay mucho taco.

 

Lo que sí es Paloma, es ser una estudiosa del mundo 2.0. Eso hace que sepa usar Twitter como herramienta, como plataforma de lanzamiento de sí misma, en vez de como la usan la mayoría de los mortales: para pasar el rato. Paloma sabía antes de meterse a Twitter que no bastaba con poner “estoy lavándome los dientes”, sino que darle valor agregado.

 

Pero su enorme cantidad de seguidores y su presencia web no deja de sorprender, porque Paloma no comparte nada del otro mundo; cuando no twittea links sobre el mundo 2.0, comenta cosas como tantos otros:

 

Twittea: “Sí, me encanta los postres” (con una foto de un postre que estaba comiendo).

 

Twittea: “Cuando cumplí 7años mi papá me regaló un estetoscopio y mis abuelos me regalaron un piano…no soy músico ni médico #reflexionestrasnochadas”.

 

Twittea: “Esta mañana pensé que @cuevana había muerto y que tendría que hacer una vida normal, como el resto de los mortales… pero REVIVIÓ!”.

 

Es una estrella web curiosa: no es de genialidades, ni ironías brillantes, sino que lo suyo es un manejo calculado de todas las bondades que ofrece internet. Paloma es Paloma porque llegó de las primeras a todo. Está en todas partes, en todas las plataformas, y las sabe usar bien.

 

-Si la segunda mitad del siglo XX se hablaba de que Estados Unidos era la tierra de las oportunidades, creo en realidad que ésta es la tierra de las oportunidades. Cualquier persona que tiene acceso a conectarse un rato a internet, puede comentar lo que está pasando, lo que le interesa, puede exigir como consumidor, ciudadano. Y puede proponer. Los que proponen, que se paran acá en un espíritu alegre y participativo, para los que tienen ganas de realmente generar cosas, es la tierra de las oportunidades.

Paloma aprovecha hoy la suya.

 

Por Isabel Plant, fotos Sergio López.

Biennalist :

Biennalist is an Art Format commenting on active biennials and managed cultural events through artworks.Biennalist takes the thematics of the biennales and similar events like festivals and conferences seriously, questioning the established structures of the staged art events in order to contribute to the debate, which they wish to generate.

-------------------------------------------

links about Biennalist :

 

Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Room_(art)

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

—--Biennale from wikipedia —--

 

The Venice International Film Festival is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.

Biennale (Italian: [bi.enˈnaːle]), Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years. It is most commonly used within the art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions. As such the term was popularised by Venice Biennale, which was first held in 1895. Since the 1990s, the terms "biennale" and "biennial" have been interchangeably used in a more generic way - to signify a large-scale international survey show of contemporary art that recurs at regular intervals but not necessarily biannual (such as triennials, Documenta, Skulptur Projekte Münster).[1] The phrase has also been used for other artistic events, such as the "Biennale de Paris", "Kochi-Muziris Biennale", Berlinale (for the Berlin International Film Festival) and Viennale (for Vienna's international film festival).

Characteristics[edit]

According to author Federica Martini, what is at stake in contemporary biennales is the diplomatic/international relations potential as well as urban regeneration plans. Besides being mainly focused on the present (the “here and now” where the cultural event takes place and their effect of "spectacularisation of the everyday"), because of their site-specificity cultural events may refer back to,[who?] produce or frame the history of the site and communities' collective memory.[2]

 

The Great Exhibition in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, the first attempt to condense the representation of the world within a unitary exhibition space.

A strong and influent symbol of biennales and of large-scale international exhibitions in general is the Crystal Palace, the gigantic and futuristic London architecture that hosted the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to philosopher Peter Sloterdijk,[3][page needed] the Crystal Palace is the first attempt to condense the representation of the world in a unitary exhibition space, where the main exhibit is society itself in an a-historical, spectacular condition. The Crystal Palace main motives were the affirmation of British economic and national leadership and the creation of moments of spectacle. In this respect, 19th century World fairs provided a visual crystallization of colonial culture and were, at the same time, forerunners of contemporary theme parks.

The Venice Biennale as an archetype[edit]

 

The structure of the Venice Biennale in 2005 with an international exhibition and the national pavilions.

The Venice Biennale, a periodical large-scale cultural event founded in 1895, served as an archetype of the biennales. Meant to become a World Fair focused on contemporary art, the Venice Biennale used as a pretext the wedding anniversary of the Italian king and followed up to several national exhibitions organised after Italy unification in 1861. The Biennale immediately put forth issues of city marketing, cultural tourism and urban regeneration, as it was meant to reposition Venice on the international cultural map after the crisis due to the end of the Grand Tour model and the weakening of the Venetian school of painting. Furthermore, the Gardens where the Biennale takes place were an abandoned city area that needed to be re-functionalised. In cultural terms, the Biennale was meant to provide on a biennial basis a platform for discussing contemporary art practices that were not represented in fine arts museums at the time. The early Biennale model already included some key points that are still constitutive of large-scale international art exhibitions today: a mix of city marketing, internationalism, gentrification issues and destination culture, and the spectacular, large scale of the event.

Biennials after the 1990s[edit]

The situation of biennials has changed in the contemporary context: while at its origin in 1895 Venice was a unique cultural event, but since the 1990s hundreds of biennials have been organized across the globe. Given the ephemeral and irregular nature of some biennials, there is little consensus on the exact number of biennials in existence at any given time.[citation needed] Furthermore, while Venice was a unique agent in the presentation of contemporary art, since the 1960s several museums devoted to contemporary art are exhibiting the contemporary scene on a regular basis. Another point of difference concerns 19th century internationalism in the arts, that was brought into question by post-colonial debates and criticism of the contemporary art “ethnic marketing”, and also challenged the Venetian and World Fair’s national representation system. As a consequence of this, Eurocentric tendency to implode the whole word in an exhibition space, which characterises both the Crystal Palace and the Venice Biennale, is affected by the expansion of the artistic geographical map to scenes traditionally considered as marginal. The birth of the Havana Biennial in 1984 is widely considered an important counterpoint to the Venetian model for its prioritization of artists working in the Global South and curatorial rejection of the national pavilion model.

International biennales[edit]

In the term's most commonly used context of major recurrent art exhibitions:

Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, South Australia

Asian Art Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Athens Biennale, in Athens, Greece

Bienal de Arte Paiz, in Guatemala City, Guatemala[4]

Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale (Arts in Marrakech Festival)

Bamako Encounters, a biennale of photography in Mali

Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism

Beijing Biennale

Berlin Biennale (contemporary art biennale, to be distinguished from Berlinale, which is a film festival)

Bergen Assembly (triennial for contemporary art in Bergen, Norway)www.bergenassembly.no

Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China

Bienal de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Biënnale van België, Biennial of Belgium, Belgium

BiennaleOnline Online biennial exhibition of contemporary art from the most promising emerging artists.

Biennial of Hawaii Artists

Biennale de la Biche, the smallest biennale in the world held at deserted island near Guadeloupe, French overseas region[5][6]

Biwako Biennale [ja], in Shiga, Japan

La Biennale de Montreal

Biennale of Luanda : Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace,[7] Angola

Boom Festival, international music and culture festival in Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal

Bucharest Biennale in Bucharest, Romania

Bushwick Biennial, in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York

Canakkale Biennial, in Canakkale, Turkey

Cerveira International Art Biennial, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal [8]

Changwon Sculpture Biennale in Changwon, South Korea

Dakar Biennale, also called Dak'Art, biennale in Dakar, Senegal

Documenta, contemporary art exhibition held every five years in Kassel, Germany

Estuaire (biennale), biennale in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, France

EVA International, biennial in Limerick, Republic of Ireland

Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, in Gothenburg, Sweden[9]

Greater Taipei Contemporary Art Biennial, in Taipei, Taiwan

Gwangju Biennale, Asia's first and most prestigious contemporary art biennale

Havana biennial, in Havana, Cuba

Helsinki Biennial, in Helsinki, Finland

Herzliya Biennial For Contemporary Art, in Herzliya, Israel

Incheon Women Artists' Biennale, in Incheon, South Korea

Iowa Biennial, in Iowa, USA

Istanbul Biennial, in Istanbul, Turkey

International Roaming Biennial of Tehran, in Tehran and Istanbul

Jakarta Biennale, in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jerusalem Biennale, in Jerusalem, Israel

Jogja Biennale, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Karachi Biennale, in Karachi, Pakistan

Keelung Harbor Biennale, in Keelung, Taiwan

Kochi-Muziris Biennale, largest art exhibition in India, in Kochi, Kerala, India

Kortrijk Design Biennale Interieur, in Kortrijk, Belgium

Kobe Biennale, in Japan

Kuandu Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Lagos Biennial, in Lagos, Nigeria[10]

Light Art Biennale Austria, in Austria

Liverpool Biennial, in Liverpool, UK

Lofoten International Art Festival [no] (LIAF), on the Lofoten archipelago, Norway[11]

Manifesta, European Biennale of contemporary art in different European cities

Mediations Biennale, in Poznań, Poland

Melbourne International Biennial 1999

Mediterranean Biennale in Sakhnin 2013

MOMENTA Biennale de l'image [fr] (formerly known as Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal), in Montreal, Canada

MOMENTUM [no], in Moss, Norway[12]

Moscow Biennale, in Moscow, Russia

Munich Biennale, new opera and music-theatre in even-numbered years

Mykonos Biennale

Nakanojo Biennale[13]

NGV Triennial, contemporary art exhibition held every three years at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

October Salon – Belgrade Biennale [sr], organised by the Cultural Center of Belgrade [sr], in Belgrade, Serbia[14]

OSTEN Biennial of Drawing Skopje, North Macedonia[15]

Biennale de Paris

Riga International Biennial of Contemporary Art (RIBOCA), in Riga, Latvia[16]

São Paulo Art Biennial, in São Paulo, Brazil

SCAPE Public Art Christchurch Biennial in Christchurch, New Zealand[17]

Prospect New Orleans

Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism

Sequences, in Reykjavík, Iceland[18]

Shanghai Biennale

Sharjah Biennale, in Sharjah, UAE

Singapore Biennale, held in various locations across the city-state island of Singapore

Screen City Biennial, in Stavanger, Norway

Biennale of Sydney

Taipei Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Taiwan Arts Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Taiwan Film Biennale, in Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, U.S.A.

Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art [el], in Thessaloniki, Greece[19]

Dream city, produced by ART Rue Association in Tunisia

Vancouver Biennale

Visayas Islands Visual Arts Exhibition and Conference (VIVA ExCon) in the Philippines [20]

Venice Biennale, in Venice, Italy, which includes:

Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art

Venice Biennale of Architecture

Venice Film Festival

Vladivostok biennale of Visual Arts, in Vladivostok, Russia

Whitney Biennial, hosted by the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City, NY, USA

Web Biennial, produced with teams from Athens, Berlin and Istanbul.

West Africa Architecture Biennale,[21] Virtual in Lagos, Nigeria.

WRO Biennale, in Wrocław, Poland[22]

Music Biennale Zagreb

[SHIFT:ibpcpa] The International Biennale of Performance, Collaborative and Participatory Arts, Nomadic, International, Scotland, UK.

 

—---Venice Biennale from wikipedia —

 

The Venice Biennale (/ˌbiːɛˈnɑːleɪ, -li/; Italian: La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.[2][3][4] The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of its kind. The main exhibition held in Castello, in the halls of the Arsenale and Biennale Gardens, alternates between art and architecture (hence the name biennale; biennial).[5][6][7] The other events hosted by the Foundation—spanning theatre, music, and dance—are held annually in various parts of Venice, whereas the Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido.[8]

Organization[edit]

Art Biennale

Art Biennale

International Art Exhibition

1895

Even-numbered years (since 2022)

Venice Biennale of Architecture

International Architecture Exhibition

1980

Odd-numbered years (since 2021)

Biennale Musica

International Festival of Contemporary Music

1930

Annually (Sep/Oct)

Biennale Teatro

International Theatre Festival

1934

Annually (Jul/Aug)

Venice Film Festival

Venice International Film Festival

1932

Annually (Aug/Sep)

Venice Dance Biennale

International Festival of Contemporary Dance

1999

Annually (June; biennially 2010–16)

  

International Kids' Carnival

2009

Annually (during Carnevale)

  

History

1895–1947

On April 19, 1893, the Venetian City Council passed a resolution to set up an biennial exhibition of Italian Art ("Esposizione biennale artistica nazionale") to celebrate the silver anniversary of King Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy.[11]

A year later, the council decreed "to adopt a 'by invitation' system; to reserve a section of the Exhibition for foreign artists too; to admit works by uninvited Italian artists, as selected by a jury."[12]

The first Biennale, "I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice)" (although originally scheduled for April 22, 1894) was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia. The first exhibition was seen by 224,000 visitors.

The event became increasingly international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries installed national pavilions at the exhibition, with the first being from Belgium. In 1910 the first internationally well-known artists were displayed: a room dedicated to Gustav Klimt, a one-man show for Renoir, a retrospective of Courbet. A work by Picasso "Family of Saltimbanques" was removed from the Spanish salon in the central Palazzo because it was feared that its novelty might shock the public. By 1914 seven pavilions had been established: Belgium (1907), Hungary (1909), Germany (1909), Great Britain (1909), France (1912), and Russia (1914).

During World War I, the 1916 and 1918 events were cancelled.[13] In 1920 the post of mayor of Venice and president of the Biennale was split. The new secretary general, Vittorio Pica brought about the first presence of avant-garde art, notably Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

1922 saw an exhibition of sculpture by African artists. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists had their work exhibited there. In 1928 the Istituto Storico d'Arte Contemporanea (Historical Institute of Contemporary Art) opened, which was the first nucleus of archival collections of the Biennale. In 1930 its name was changed into Historical Archive of Contemporary Art.

In 1930, the Biennale was transformed into an Ente Autonomo (Autonomous Board) by Royal Decree with law no. 33 of 13-1-1930. Subsequently, the control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist government under Benito Mussolini. This brought on a restructuring, an associated financial boost, as well as a new president, Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. Three entirely new events were established, including the Biennale Musica in 1930, also referred to as International Festival of Contemporary Music; the Venice Film Festival in 1932, which they claim as the first film festival in history,[14] also referred to as Venice International Film Festival; and the Biennale Theatro in 1934, also referred to as International Theatre Festival.

In 1933 the Biennale organized an exhibition of Italian art abroad. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.

During World War II, the activities of the Biennale were interrupted: 1942 saw the last edition of the events. The Film Festival restarted in 1946, the Music and Theatre festivals were resumed in 1947, and the Art Exhibition in 1948.[15]

1948–1973[edit]

The Art Biennale was resumed in 1948 with a major exhibition of a recapitulatory nature. The Secretary General, art historian Rodolfo Pallucchini, started with the Impressionists and many protagonists of contemporary art including Chagall, Klee, Braque, Delvaux, Ensor, and Magritte, as well as a retrospective of Picasso's work. Peggy Guggenheim was invited to exhibit her collection, later to be permanently housed at Ca' Venier dei Leoni.

1949 saw the beginning of renewed attention to avant-garde movements in European—and later worldwide—movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism was introduced in the 1950s, and the Biennale is credited with importing Pop Art into the canon of art history by awarding the top prize to Robert Rauschenberg in 1964.[16] From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennale's exhibition spaces.

In 1954 the island San Giorgio Maggiore provided the venue for the first Japanese Noh theatre shows in Europe. 1956 saw the selection of films following an artistic selection and no longer based upon the designation of the participating country. The 1957 Golden Lion went to Satyajit Ray's Aparajito which introduced Indian cinema to the West.

1962 included Arte Informale at the Art Exhibition with Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Emilio Vedova, and Pietro Consagra. The 1964 Art Exhibition introduced continental Europe to Pop Art (The Independent Group had been founded in Britain in 1952). The American Robert Rauschenberg was the first American artist to win the Gran Premio, and the youngest to date.

The student protests of 1968 also marked a crisis for the Biennale. Student protests hindered the opening of the Biennale. A resulting period of institutional changes opened and ending with a new Statute in 1973. In 1969, following the protests, the Grand Prizes were abandoned. These resumed in 1980 for the Mostra del Cinema and in 1986 for the Art Exhibition.[17]

In 1972, for the first time, a theme was adopted by the Biennale, called "Opera o comportamento" ("Work or Behaviour").

Starting from 1973 the Music Festival was no longer held annually. During the year in which the Mostra del Cinema was not held, there was a series of "Giornate del cinema italiano" (Days of Italian Cinema) promoted by sectorial bodies in campo Santa Margherita, in Venice.[18]

1974–1998[edit]

1974 saw the start of the four-year presidency of Carlo Ripa di Meana. The International Art Exhibition was not held (until it was resumed in 1976). Theatre and cinema events were held in October 1974 and 1975 under the title Libertà per il Cile (Freedom for Chile)—a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

On 15 November 1977, the so-called Dissident Biennale (in reference to the dissident movement in the USSR) opened. Because of the ensuing controversies within the Italian left wing parties, president Ripa di Meana resigned at the end of the year.[19]

In 1979 the new presidency of Giuseppe Galasso (1979-1982) began. The principle was laid down whereby each of the artistic sectors was to have a permanent director to organise its activity.

In 1980, the Architecture section of the Biennale was set up. The director, Paolo Portoghesi, opened the Corderie dell'Arsenale to the public for the first time. At the Mostra del Cinema, the awards were brought back into being (between 1969 and 1979, the editions were non-competitive). In 1980, Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale.[13]

The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva. In 1995, Jean Clair was appointed to be the Biennale's first non-Italian director of visual arts[20] while Germano Celant served as director in 1997.

For the Centenary in 1995, the Biennale promoted events in every sector of its activity: the 34th Festival del Teatro, the 46th art exhibition, the 46th Festival di Musica, the 52nd Mostra del Cinema.[21]

1999–present[edit]

In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artists than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.

In 1999 a new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre).

The 50th edition, 2003, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.

The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.

In 2007, Robert Storr became the first director from the United States to curate the Biennale (the 52nd), with a show entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense.

Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum was artistic director of the 2009 edition entitled "Fare Mondi // Making Worlds".

The 2011 edition was curated by Swiss curator Bice Curiger entitled "ILLUMInazioni – ILLUMInations".

The Biennale in 2013 was curated by the Italian Massimiliano Gioni. His title and theme, Il Palazzo Enciclopedico / The Encyclopedic Palace, was adopted from an architectural model by the self-taught Italian-American artist Marino Auriti. Auriti's work, The Encyclopedic Palace of the World was lent by the American Folk Art Museum and exhibited in the first room of the Arsenale for the duration of the biennale. For Gioni, Auriti's work, "meant to house all worldly knowledge, bringing together the greatest discoveries of the human race, from the wheel to the satellite," provided an analogous figure for the "biennale model itself...based on the impossible desire to concentrate the infinite worlds of contemporary art in a single place: a task that now seems as dizzyingly absurd as Auriti's dream."[22]

Curator Okwui Enwezor was responsible for the 2015 edition.[23] He was the first African-born curator of the biennial. As a catalyst for imagining different ways of imagining multiple desires and futures Enwezor commissioned special projects and programs throughout the Biennale in the Giardini. This included a Creative Time Summit, e-flux journal's SUPERCOMMUNITY, Gulf Labor Coalition, The Invisible Borders Trans-African Project and Abounaddara.[24][25]

The 2017 Biennale, titled Viva Arte Viva, was directed by French curator Christine Macel who called it an "exhibition inspired by humanism".[26] German artist Franz Erhard Walter won the Golden Lion for best artist, while Carolee Schneemann was awarded a posthumous Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.[27]

The 2019 Biennale, titled May You Live In Interesting Times, was directed by American-born curator Ralph Rugoff.[28]

The 2022 edition was curated by Italian curator Cecilia Alemani entitled "The Milk of Dreams" after a book by British-born Mexican surrealist painter Leonora Carrington.[29]

The Biennale has an attendance today of over 500,000 visitors.[30][31][32]

Role in the art market[edit]

When the Venice Biennale was founded in 1895, one of its main goals was to establish a new market for contemporary art. Between 1942 and 1968 a sales office assisted artists in finding clients and selling their work,[33] a service for which it charged 10% commission. Sales remained an intrinsic part of the biennale until 1968, when a sales ban was enacted. An important practical reason why the focus on non-commodities has failed to decouple Venice from the market is that the biennale itself lacks the funds to produce, ship and install these large-scale works. Therefore, the financial involvement of dealers is widely regarded as indispensable;[16] as they regularly front the funding for production of ambitious projects.[34] Furthermore, every other year the Venice Biennale coincides with nearby Art Basel, the world's prime commercial fair for modern and contemporary art. Numerous galleries with artists on show in Venice usually bring work by the same artists to Basel.[35]

Central Pavilion and Arsenale[edit]

The formal Biennale is based at a park, the Giardini. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.

Initiated in 1980, the Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists. From 1999, both the international exhibition and the Aperto were held as one exhibition, held both at the Central Pavilion and the Arsenale. Also in 1999, a $1 million renovation transformed the Arsenale area into a cluster of renovated shipyards, sheds and warehouses, more than doubling the Arsenale's exhibition space of previous years.[36]

A special edition of the 54th Biennale was held at Padiglione Italia of Torino Esposizioni – Sala Nervi (December 2011 – February 2012) for the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification. The event was directed by Vittorio Sgarbi.[37]

National pavilions[edit]

Main article: National pavilions at the Venice Biennale

The Giardini houses 30 permanent national pavilions.[13] Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Giardini are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various countries participating in the Biennale. The first nation to build a pavilion was Belgium in 1907, followed by Germany, Britain and Hungary in 1909.[13] The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their ministries of culture.[38]

Countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini are exhibited in other venues across Venice. The number of countries represented is still growing. In 2005, China was showing for the first time, followed by the African Pavilion and Mexico (2007), the United Arab Emirates (2009), and India (2011).[39]

The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion, established and emerging countries represented at the biennial maintain and fund their pavilions in different ways.[38] While pavilions are usually government-funded, private money plays an increasingly large role; in 2015, the pavilions of Iraq, Ukraine and Syria were completely privately funded.[40] The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council[41] while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State which, since 1985, has been the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.[42] The countries at the Arsenale that request a temporary exhibition space pay a hire fee per square meter.[38]

In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia and Slovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, eleven new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegowina, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada,[43] Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[44] In 2019, four countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Ghana, Madagascar, Malaysia, and Pakistan.[45]

As well as the national pavilions there are countless "unofficial pavilions"[46] that spring up every year. In 2009 there were pavilions such as the Gabon Pavilion and a Peckham pavilion. In 2017 The Diaspora Pavilion bought together 19 artists from complex, multinational backgrounds to challenge the prevalence of the nation state at the Biennale.[47]

The Internet Pavilion (Italian: Padiglione Internet) was founded in 2009 as a platform for activists and artists working in new media.[48][49][50] Subsequent editions were held since,[51] 2013,[51] in conjunction with the biennale.[52]

-----

وینسVenetsiya

art umjetnost umění kunst taideτέχνη művészetList ealaínarte māksla menasartiKunst sztuka artăumenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

venice biennale Venezia Venedig biennalen Bienal_de_Venecia Venise Venecia Bienalo Bienal Biënnale Venetië Veneza Μπιενάλε της Βενετίας ヴェネツィ ア・ビエンナーレ 威尼斯双年展 Venedik Bienali Venetsian biennaali Wenecji biennial #venicebiennale #venicebiennial biennalism

Veneziako Venecija Venècia Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia VenedigΒ ενετία Velence Feneyjar Venice Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja VenezaVeneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴ ェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya Italy italia

 

--------key words

headband protest fashion protestfashion artistic intervention performance artformat action installation critical critic critique institutional critic choregraphy scenography

#venicebiennale #biennalist #artformat #biennale #artbiennale #biennial

#BiennaleArte2024 #artformat

Collaboration beetween Biennalist and Ultracontemporay

  

Art Format

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy

  

Documenta From Wikipedia,

 

The Fridericianum during documenta (13)

documenta is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. It was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time.[1] It was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism.[2] This first documenta featured many artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent documentas feature art from all continents; nonetheless most of it is site-specific.

 

Every documenta is limited to 100 days of exhibition, which is why it is often referred to as the "museum of 100 days".[3] Documenta is not a selling exhibition. It rarely coincides with the three other major art world events: the Venice Biennale, Art Basel and Skulptur Projekte Münster, but in 2017, all four were open simultaneously.

  

Etymology of documenta

The name of the exhibition is an invented word. The term is supposed to demonstrate the intention of every exhibition (in particular of the first documenta in 1955) to be a documentation of modern art which was not available for the German public during the Nazi era. Rumour spread from those close to Arnold Bode that it was relevant for the coinage of the term that the Latin word documentum could be separated into docere (Latin for teach) and mens (Latin for intellect) and therefore thought it to be a good word to describe the intention and the demand of the documenta.[4]

 

Each edition of documenta has commissioned its own visual identity, most of which have conformed to the typographic style of solely using lowercase letters, which originated at the Bauhaus.[5]

 

History

 

Stadtverwaldung by Joseph Beuys, oaktree in front of the museum Fridericianum, documenta 7

Art professor and designer Arnold Bode from Kassel was the initiator of the first documenta. Originally planned as a secondary event to accompany the Bundesgartenschau, this attracted more than 130,000 visitors in 1955. The exhibition centred less on "contemporary art“, that is art made after 1945: instead, Bode wanted to show the public works which had been known as "Entartete Kunst" in Germany during the Nazi era: Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Blauer Reiter, Futurism and Pittura Metafisica. Therefore, abstract art, in particular the abstract paintings of the 1920s and 1930s, was the focus of interest in this exhibition.

 

Over time, the focus shifted to contemporary art. At first, the show was limited to works from Europe, but soon covered works by artists from the Americas, Africa and Asia. 4. documenta, the first ever to turn a profit, featured a selection of Pop Art, Minimal Art, and Kinetic Art.[6] Adopting the theme of Questioning Reality – Pictorial Worlds Today, the 1972 documenta radically redefined what could be considered art by featuring minimal and conceptual art, marking a turning point in the public acceptance of those styles.[7] Also, it devoted a large section to the work of Adolf Wolfli, the great Swiss outsider, then unknown. Joseph Beuys performed repeatedly under the auspices of his utopian Organization for Direct Democracy.[8] Additionally, the 1987 documenta show signaled another important shift with the elevation of design to the realm of art – showing an openness to postmodern design.[9] Certain key political dates for wide-reaching social and cultural upheavals, such as 1945, 1968 or 1976/77, became chronological markers of documenta X (1997), along which art's political, social, cultural and aesthetic exploratory functions were traced.[10] Documenta11 was organized around themes like migration, urbanization and the post-colonial experience,[11] with documentary photography, film and video as well as works from far-flung locales holding the spotlight.[7] In 2012, documenta (13) was described as "[a]rdently feminist, global and multimedia in approach and including works by dead artists and selected bits of ancient art".[12]

 

Criticism

documenta typically gives its artists at least two years to conceive and produce their projects, so the works are often elaborate and intellectually complex.[13] However, the participants are often not publicised before the very opening of the exhibition. At documenta (13), the official list of artists was not released until the day the show opened.[14] Even though curators have often claimed to have gone outside the art market in their selection, participants have always included established artists. In the documenta (13), for example, art critic Jerry Saltz identified more than a third of the artists represented by the renowned Marian Goodman Gallery in the show.[14]

 

Directors

The first four documentas, organized by Arnold Bode, established the exhibition's international credentials. Since the fifth documenta (1972), a new artistic director has been named for each documenta exhibition by a committee of experts. Documenta 8 was put together in two years instead of the usual five. The original directors, Edy de Wilde and Harald Szeemann, were unable to get along and stepped down. They were replaced by Manfred Schneckenburger, Edward F. Fry, Wulf Herzogenrath, Armin Zweite, and Vittorio Fagone.[15] Coosje van Bruggen helped select artists for documenta 7, the 1982 edition. documenta IX's team of curators consisted of Jan Hoet, Piero Luigi Tazzi, Denys Zacharopoulos, and Bart de Baere.[16] For documenta X Catherine David was chosen as the first woman and the first non-German speaker to hold the post. It is also the first and unique time that its website Documenta x was conceived by a curator (swiss curator Simon Lamunière) as a part of the exhibition. The first non-European director was Okwui Enwezor for Documenta11.[17]

  

TitleDateDirectorExhibitorsExhibitsVisitors

documenta16 July – 18 September 1955Arnold Bode148670130,000

II. documenta11 July – 11 October 1959Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3381770134,000

documenta III27 June – 5 October 1964Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3611450200,000

4. documenta27 June – 6 October 196824-strong documenta council1511000220,000

documenta 530 June – 8 October 1972Harald Szeemann218820228,621

documenta 624 June – 2 October 1977Manfred Schneckenburger6222700343,410

documenta 719 June – 28 September 1982Rudi Fuchs1821000378,691

documenta 812 June – 20 September 1987Manfred Schneckenburger150600474,417

documenta IX12 June – 20 September 1992Jan Hoet1891000603,456

documenta X21 June – 28 September 1997Catherine David120700628,776

documenta118 June – 15 September 2002Okwui Enwezor118450650,924

documenta 1216 June – 23 September 2007Roger M. Buergel/Ruth Noack[19]114over 500754,301

documenta (13)9 June – 16 September 2012Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev187[20]904,992[21]

documenta 148 April – 16 July 2017 in Athens, Greece;

10 June – 17 September 2017 in KasselAdam Szymczykmore than 1601500339.000 in Athens

891.500 in Kassel

documenta fifteen18 June 2022 – 25 September 2022 in Kasselruangrupa[22]

2012's edition was organized around a central node, the trans-Atlantic melding of two distinct individuals who first encountered each other in the "money-soaked deserts of the United Arab Emirates". As an organizing principle it is simultaneously a commentary on the romantic potentials of globalization and also a critique of how digital platforms can complicate or interrogate the nature of such relationships. Curatorial agents refer to the concept as possessing a "fricative potential for productive awkwardness," wherein a twosome is formed for the purposes of future exploration.[23]

 

Venues

documenta is held in different venues in Kassel. Since 1955, the fixed venue has been the Fridericianum. The documenta-Halle was built in 1992 for documenta IX and now houses some of the exhibitions. Other venues used for documenta have included the Karlsaue park, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, the Neue Galerie, the Ottoneum, and the Kulturzentrum Schlachthof. Though Okwui Enezor notably tried to subvert the euro-centric approach documenta had taken, he instigated a series of five platforms before the Documenta11 in Vienna, Berlin, New Delhi, St Lucia, and Lagos, in an attempt to take documenta into a new post-colonial, borderless space, from which experimental cultures could emerge. documenta 12 occupied five locations, including the Fridericianum, the Wilhelmshöhe castle park and the specially constructed "Aue-Pavillon", or meadow pavilion, designed by French firm Lacaton et Vassal.[24] At documenta (13) (2012), about a fifth of the works were unveiled in places like Kabul, Afghanistan, and Banff, Canada.[13]

 

There are also a number of works that are usually presented outside, most notably in Friedrichsplatz, in front of the Fridericianum, and the Karlsaue park. To handle the number of artworks at documenta IX, five connected temporary "trailers" in glass and corrugated metal were built in the Karlsaue.[25] For documenta (13), French architects Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal constructed the temporary "Aue-Pavillon" in the park.

  

Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus Rucker und Co.

A few of the works exhibited at various documentas remained as purchases in Kassel museums. They include 7000 Eichen by Joseph Beuys; Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus-Rucker-Co; Laserscape Kassel (1977) by Horst H. Baumann; Traumschiff Tante Olga (1977) by Anatol Herzfeld; Vertikaler Erdkilometer by Walter De Maria; Spitzhacke (1982) by Claes Oldenburg; Man walking to the sky (1992) by Jonathan Borofsky; and Fremde by Thomas Schütte (one part of the sculptures are installed on Rotes Palais at Friedrichsplatz, the other on the roof of the Concert Hall in Lübeck).

 

documenta archive

The extensive volume of material that is regularly generated on the occasion of this exhibition prompted Arnold Bode to create an archive in 1961. The heart of the archive’s collection comes from the files and materials of the documenta organization. A continually expanding video and image archive is also part of the collection as are the independently organized bequests of Arnold Bode and artist Harry Kramer.

 

Management

Visitors

In 1992, on the occasion of documenta IX, for the first time in the history of the documenta, more than half a million people traveled to Kassel.[26] The 2002 edition of documenta attracted 650,000 visitors, more than triple Kassel's population.[27] In 2007, documenta 12 drew 754,000 paying visitors, with more than one-third of the visitors coming from abroad and guests from neighboring Netherlands, France, Belgium and Austria among the most numerous.[28] In 2012, documenta (13) had 904,992 visitors.[21]

 

References

Adrian Searle (June 11, 2012), "Documenta 13: Mysteries in the mountain of mud", The Guardian.

Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.

Arnold Bode coined this phrase for the first time in the prologue of the first volume of the catalogue: documenta III. Internationale Ausstellung; Catalogue: Volume 1: Painting and Sculpture; Volume 2: Sketches; Volume 3: Industrial Design, Print; Kassel/Köln 1964; p. XIX

Kimpel, Harald: documenta, Mythos und Wirklichkeit. Köln 1997, ISBN 3-7701-4182-2

Alice Rawsthorn (June 3, 2012), A Symbol Is Born The New York Times.

The documenta IV Exhibition in Kassel (1968) German History in Documents and Images (GHDI).

Helen Chang (June 22, 2007), "Catching the Next Wave In Art at Documenta", The Wall Street Journal.

Roberta Smith (September 7, 2007), "Documenta 5" The New York Times.

Gimeno-Martinez, Javier; Verlinden, Jasmijn (2010). "From Museum of Decorative Arts to Design Museum: The Case of the Design museum Gent". Design and Culture. 2 (3).

dX 1997 Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.

Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale The New York Times.

Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.

Kelly Crow (June 8, 2012), A Party, Every Five Years, for 750,000 Guests The Wall Street Journal.

Jerry Saltz (June 15, 2012), Jerry Saltz: "Eleven Things That Struck, Irked, or Awed Me at Documenta 13" New York Magazine.

Michael Brenson (June 15, 1987), "Documenta 8, Exhibition In West Germany", The New York Times.

Michael Kimmelman (July 5, 1992) "At Documenta, It's Survival Of the Loudest", The New York Times.

Jackie Wullschlager (May 19, 2012) Vertiginous doubt Financial Times.

Julia Halperin, Gareth Harris (July 18, 2014) How much are curators really paid? Archived July 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.

Holland Cotter (22 June 2007). "Asking Serious Questions in a Very Quiet Voice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-08-29.

Ulrike Knöfel (8 June 2012). "What the 13th Documenta Wants You to See". Der Spiegel.

"904,992 people visit documenta (13) in Kassel". documenta und Museum Fridericianum Veranstaltungs-GmbH. 16 September 2012. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2013.

Russeth, Andrew (2019-02-22). "Ruangrupa Artist Collective Picked to Curate Documenta 15". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2020-01-05.

"In Germany, Disguising Documentary As Art". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2015-09-28.

Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale International Herald Tribune.

Roberta Smith (June 22, 1992), A Small Show Within an Enormous One The New York Times.

d9 1992 Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.

Adrian Searle (June 19, 2007), 100 days of ineptitude The Guardian.

Catherine Hickley (September 24, 2007), "Documenta Contemporary Art Show Draws Record 754,000 to Kassel", Bloomberg.

Carly Berwick (May 17, 2007), "Documenta 'Mystery' Artists Are Revealed; Buzz Strategy Fizzles", Bloomberg.

Rachel Donado (April 5, 2017), German Art Exhibition Documenta Expands Into Athens, The New York Times.

Catherine Hickley (November 27, 2017), Documenta manager to leave post after budget overruns The Art Newspaper.

Further reading

Hickley, Catherine (2021-06-18). "This Show Sets the Direction of Art. Its Past Mirrored a Changing World". The New York Times.

Nancy Marmer, "Documenta 8: The Social Dimension?" Art in America, vol. 75, September 1987, pp. 128–138, 197–199.

 

other biennales :

Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale

Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art

 

www.emergencyrooms.org

www.emergencyrooms.org

  

www.colonel.dk/

 

lumbung

Short concept by ruangrupa for documenta 15

"We want to create a globally oriented, cooperative, interdisciplinary art and culture platform that will remain effective beyond the 100 days of documenta fifteen. Our curatorial approach aims at a different kind of collaborative model of resource use—economically, but also in terms of ideas, knowledge, programs, and innovation."

  

ruangrupa’s central curatorial approach for documenta fifteen is based on the principles of collectivity, resource building, and equal sharing. They aim to appeal not just to an art audience but to a variety of communities, and to promote local commitment and participation. Their approach is based on an international network of local, community-based organizations from the art and other cultural contexts and can be outlined by the Indonesian term lumbung. lumbung, directly translatable as “rice barn,” is a collective pot or accumulation system used in rural areas of Indonesia, where crops produced by a community are stored as a future shared common resource and distributed according to jointly determind criteria. Using lumbung as a model, documenta fifteen is a collective resource pot, operating under the logics of the commons. It is an agglomeration of ideas, stories, (wo)manpower, time, and other shareable resources. At the center of lumbung is the imagination and the building of these collective, shared resources into new models of sustainable ideas and cultural practices. This will be fostered by residencies, assemblies, public activities, and the development of tools.

 

Interdisciplinarity is key in this process. It is where art meets activism, management, and networking to gather support, understand environments, and identify local resources. These elements then create actions and spaces, intertwine social relations and transactions; they slowly grow and organically find a public form. This is a strategy “to live in and with society.” It imagines the relations an art institution has with its community by being an active constituent of it. Strategies are then developed based on proximity and shared desires.

 

The main principles of the process are:

• Providing space to gather and explore ideas

• Collective decision making

• Non-centralization

• Playing between formalities and informalities

• Practicing assembly and meeting points

• Architectural awareness

• Being spatially active to promote conversation

• A melting pot for and from everyone’s thoughts, energies, and ideas

  

#documentakassel

#documenta

#documenta15

#artformat

#formatart

#rundebate

#thierrygeoffroy

#Colonel

#CriticalRun

#venicebiennale

#documentafifteen

#formatart

#documentacritic

#biennalist

#ultracontemporary art

#protestart

 

www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/prospectus.html

 

The following is the Founding Prospectus of Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation that Mr. Ibuka drew up in 1946. (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation) Established on May 7, 1946

 

During the war, I worked at Japan Precision Instrument Co. with a number of engineers testing and producing new military equipment. We worked so hard that we literally forgot to sleep or eat. After the war and dissolution of the company, about 20 of these dedicated and truly worthy engineers joined me to start Tokyo Tsushin Kenkyujo (Tokyo Telecommunications Laboratory), for he development and production of communications equipment.

 

The first and primary motive for setting up this company was to create a stable work environment where engineers who had a deep and profound appreciation for technology could realize their societal mission and work to their heart's content.

 

During the war, though we were subjected to some of the poorest conditions, we tried hard to fulfill our mission. I experienced how passion together with capabilities can be driven by a profound and fascinating mission. On the other hand, I also realized what could weaken these intense motivations.

 

Thus I began to conceive of ways for these motivated individuals to be united on a personal level, to embrace a firm cooperative spirit and unleash their technological capacities without any reserve. If this could be accomplished, the organization would bring untold pleasure and tremendous results, regardless of the meagerness of its facilities or the limited number of employees. The end of the war brought us closer to realize this dream.

 

Not just anyone, but those with similar resolve have naturally come together to embark on this new mission with the rebirth of Japan after the war. We felt no need to discuss how to prepare ourselves for such an embankment. Based on a common understanding we had developed over time, our ship sailed off naturally.

 

With scarce testing equipment and parts obtained from Japan Precision Instrument and capital the size of an allowance, we drew up a plan to somehow make our way through. We believed that our high aspirations and confidence coupled with our unity and technological know-how would break through any rough waves, despite the small size of our operations. Further, we began on a small scale because we were unable to foresee societal circumstances during a period when our country was facing a turning point. In addition, we realized that it would take some time for our work to be recognized and valued by the society.

 

However, as we actually began our operations, we realized how much Japan urgently and indispensably required a company like ours - with technological spirit and a set of management policies. We first became aware of this strong need through the activities of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, the Ministry of Transportation and other government agencies related to the field of communications. Unlike the other ministries, which seemed to wallow with their problems, the ministries related to communications defined a clear direction by taking the initiative and announcing numerous detailed plans, such as the release of all-wave receivers to the general public, the liberalization and initiation of private broadcast stations, the overseeing of trial television broadcasting and the rapid rebuilding of the communications

 

network devastated by the war. These ministries made it seem as tough public companies were being lead by them.

 

Such activities had a direct influence on us. Due to our close ties with the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications from the wartime, we soon began receiving large orders for vacuum-tube voltmeters and the like. In little time, proposals for new product research and requests for trial tests grew significantly. In addition, the licensing of all-wave receivers to the public rapidly increased interest in post-war radio programs and in radios themselves. This, coupled with a huge number of 'sets' (such equipment as gramophones) which were destroyed during the war, the demand for radios from our company's radio service division grew by the day. We were also receiving many requests to manufacture quality parts from cooperative university scholars, research laboratories and conscientious enterprises with similar intentions as us.

As mentioned above, the increase in demand from various customers made us more determined. Namely, we realized the importance and need to increase capital and equipment. I feel joy beyond expression that our diligent effort has produced such a great response from all levels of society and that our company has become successful in such a short period of time since its founding. I am delighted not only because this promises our company's rapid growth in the future, but because it means that the ideals we set forth coincided with the role and function a company had to play during the period of Japan's reconstruction.

Purpose of Incorporation

a)To establish of an ideal factory that stresses a spirit of freedom and open-mindedness, and where engineers with sincere motivation can exercise their technological skills to the highest level

b)To reconstruct Japan and to elevate the nation's culture through dynamic technological and manufacturing activities;

c)To promptly apply highly advanced technologies which were developed in various sectors during the war to common households;

d)To rapidly commercialize superior technological findings in universities and research institutions that are worthy of application in common households;

e)To bring radio communications and similar devices into common households and to promote the use of home electric appliances;

f)To actively participate in the reconstruction of war-damaged communications network by providing needed technology;

g)To produce high-quality radios and to provide radio services that are appropriate for the coming new era;

h)To promote the education of science among the general public.

Management Policies

a)We shall eliminate any unfair profit-seeking practices, constantly emphasize activities of real substance and seek expansion not only for the sake of size;

b)We shall maintain our business operations small, advance technologically and grow in areas where large enterprises cannot enter due to their size;

c)We shall be as selective as possible in our products and will even welcome technological challenges. We shall focus on highly sophisticated technical products that have great usefulness in society, regardless of the quantity involved. Moreover, we shall avoid any formal demarcation between electronics and mechanics, and shall create our own unique products uniting the two fields, with a determination that other companies cannot overtake;

d)We shall fully utilize our firm's unique characteristics, which are well known and relied upon among acquaintances in both business and technical worlds, and we shall develop production and sales channels and acquire supplies through mutual cooperation;

e)We shall guide and foster sub-contracting factories in ways that will help them become independent, and we shall strive to expand and strengthen mutual cooperation with such factories;

f)We shall carefully select employees, and our firm shall be comprised of minimal number of employees. We shall avoid to have formal positions for the mere sake of having them, and shall place emphasis on a person's ability, performance and character, so that each individual can fully exercise his or her abilities and skills;

g)We shall distribute the company's surplus earnings to all employees in an appropriate manner, and we shall assist them in a practical manner to secure a stable life. In return, all employees shall exert their utmost effort into their job.

Managing Departments

1)Service Department

When we consider the spread of all-wave receivers in society and introduction of household appliances and televisions, service departments ought to place more importance on both the quality and frequency of their services. Currently, there are not any 'radio technological service providers' in Japan that truly fulfills what their names stand for. The ones that do exist have only provided low technological services to radio dealers. With the introduction of high quality receivers in the future, these inferior service companies will inevitably disappear. On the contrary, due to a large demand for high quality receivers and the rise of venture spirit, large servicing companies that form special alliances with major hardware manufacturers will probably appear.

 

With this in mind, our company plans to provide the best service by utilizing both its technological skills and measuring instruments. The use of compact service cars is an example of such a service. These cars will service various weights and sizes of electronic phonographs, high quality receivers and television sets. The car contains all the necessary equipment for measuring, fixing and servicing home electronic appliances and will respond speedily to a phone call. The car will improve our work efficiency, and the number of technicians and equipment that is needed can be minimized.

 

For rural areas, since the number of high quality products are still small, we plan to service our products on a specific date by making arrangements with a specified radio shop.

 

The fact that the Japanese government allowed all-wave receivers to be used for commercial purposes, has encouraged large and small radio companies, including ours to manufacture them. Due to a lack of materials and other related issues, it will take some time for these products to actually hit the market. To respond to the needs of the consumer in the interim, we have developed a device which will easily convert the customer's hand-held receiver into all-wave receiver. However, materials for the new converting device are also not readily available. Nonetheless, due to its technological superiority and function, we have accumulated orders from consumers as well as radio shops. By next June we plan to manufacture 500 of these products for 400,000 yen in total. In the meantime, we will determine our strategy after observing how all-wave receivers perform on the market.

 

Orders for repair work are increasing as there are many people who were affected by the war and because of a lack of trustworthy radio shops. Our response to the situation at hand is to make profit secondary to service. We will provide reports which explain the problems in layman's terms and provide the best customer service. We will remain responsible for fixing any problem we find -no matter how complicated they may be. This will be the motto of your service department.

 

Additionally, we are developing and planning extra high quality receivers, electronic parts and household appliances, though they may be small in number compared to what our competitors are making. Introducing technologies from overseas, creating a library which has information and books on radios, holding workshops to educate consumers on the basics of electronics will also be important issues the service department must address.

 

(Service to shareholders)

We will provide in-depth service to shareholders in the future. It shall be interesting to add a membership type of a characteristic to a normal relationship between a corporation and shareholders so that members can request service anytime they wish

 

Additionally, we are developing and planning extra high quality receivers, electronic parts and household appliances, though they may be small in number compared to what our competitors are making. Introducing technologies from overseas, creating a library which has information and books on radios, holding workshops to educate consumers on the basics of electronics will also be important issues the service department must address.

 

We will give away new equipment, such as a device which prints the contents of a newspaper that it receives over the radio, to develop a more intimate relationship with the shareholders. As household appliances flourish, this becomes an extremely valid method to communicate with our shareholders.

2)Measuring Instrument Department

Compared to the number of radio manufacturers, there are only a few companies that make measuring instruments needed to produce and repair radios. The number is even smaller for radio dealers that are capable of repairing products with these instruments. Although radio receivers which are commonly used by the public can be fixed by non-scientific methods, it will not be possible to do so in the future as equipment becomes more complex, and as people begin to use high quality receivers and all-wave receivers. In the past, the reason why measuring instruments were not frequently used was because they were difficult to use and required many other additional equipment. Either way, the limited number of measuring instrument manufacturers clearly illustrates the ample room that is left for growth in this field, both technologically and from a business point of view. It is a favorable direction for any business that employs sophisticated technology. Profitability is high due to few input materials and high selling price. Moreover, there is very little competition.

 

Nihon Measurement Company, that we used to belong to, is one of the rare measuring instrument manufacturers. This company started with a very small capital investment and poor facilities. The reason why the company succeeded in such a short period of time is due to the great management style that was employed in its measuring instrument department.

 

For Totsuko, the vacuum tube volt meter (VTVM) for measuring ultra-short waves is the resulting product of 10 years of endeavor.

The great support we have received from the public is something we can definitely be proud of. Further, the fact that our instrument is one of the best in the world was proven when the Occupation Forces took the product back to the U.S. The production of the VTVM is being planned for this new company (Totsuko) since we have received 150 orders from the Ministry of Communications (about 300,000 yen). We plan to complete the production by the end of March. We are progressing very well.

 

Since the Ministry has plans to place orders during its fiscal year 1946 for a greater quantity than from the general public, and televisions will probably be a big hit when they are launched in the future, our company can be financially sound even with a single product - VTVM.

 

In addition, we plan to develop special high quality measuring instruments. We will also place great emphasis on a 'total service measuring equipment.' This measuring equipment will allow even technically untrained radio shop persons to perform analysis on high quality radios. In other words, it will be a simple fault-finding device. The spread of such equipment will make the public realize what true service really means. And we plan to make our equipment useable to small and large manufacturers.

 

The Service Department I have mentioned at the beginning of this section deals with the general public. The latter part refers to providing service to experts. However, the spirit and the depth of services are the same in both.

3)Communication Equipment Department

The above two departments are in charge of maintaining and managing the company's operations. In contrast, this department helps the company to grow in the future by performing research and development of special communications equipment. The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, the Ministry of Finance and other government agencies are aggressively planning to improve the efficiency of the communications network, which they believe is a very important issue. To respond to their needs, our company has developed the following new products.

a)Time Split Multiplex Method

Making use of the existing wire and radio, and with a simple piece of equipment, 3-4 layers of communications become possible. Research began in 1943, at Tohoku Teidai's (university)communications research center during the war. This equipment works uniquely since it employs the most advanced wave-detector technology. The aforementioned government agencies are deeply interested, and if the prototype ordered by the Railway Ministry proves to be successful, the order for the planned 12 layered ultra short wave radio phone device will be ours at an estimated price of 5,600,000 yen.

b)Simple Multiplex Telephone

This is a simple device that uses existing telephone wires to double the amount of communications. A simple multiplex telephone can be made from equipment that we developed with many years of research for a different purpose. The prototype is currently being made, vigorously, which is just another one of our talents. If it is actualized, I am sure there will be great demand for it.

c)Recordable Letter Communication Device

This device was also developed to ease the burden of memorizing communication signals for pilots during the war. However, the war ended before the product could be utilized. The sender uses a typewriter to send a message, instead of a signal emitter, and the receiver can read the output on a tape when the transmission finishes. Recordable Letter Communication Device is simple to use like a portable typewriter. The receiving unit is the size of a small safe which can be used with both radio and wire. In the future, this device can be used by telephone companies to send telegraphs over phone lines, and if someone is not home, the person who called can leave a typed message. Another application for this device is in control centers at railway stations so that commands can be printed out. The device is very convenient and can be used in many fields, but to make the actual product can be very difficult. The production of such a device requires high precision instruments. It is very difficult to make this device into a product immediately. Nonetheless, we are moving forward with the design so that we can make a prototype that is faultless.

d)Program Selection and Reception Method

This is also a device that can be made from a product which has already been developed by our company. First, the studio (sender) begins the program with a sound that is different from the actual program (for example, 'Do' for news and 'Re' for music).

Second, the listener needs the Program Selection and Recognition Receptor to detect different sounds. With this device, a listener can simply press the sound that corresponds to the program he or she wants to listen to, so that the radio automatically switches on when it recognizes the note. And when the program ends, there will be a special sound to denote the end and the radio will automatically switch off. This device can also be used to set the time on clocks and watches to time signals.

e)Other Special Parts

Of the tuning fork oscillator, filtering switch and tuning fork oscillation clock that we researched and developed for use in the war, many have potential applications in the field of communication technology. Thus, if there is demand, we plan to produce them accordingly.

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VENICE BIENNALE / VENEZIA BIENNIAL 2013 : BIENNALIST

www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html

 

Biennalist is an Art Format by Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel debating with artistic tools on Biennales and other cultural managed events . Often those events promote them selves with thematics and press releases faking their aim . Biennalist take the thematics of the Biennales very seriously , and test their pertinance . Artists have questioned for decade the canvas , the pigment , the museum ... since 1989 we question the Biennales .Often Biennalist converge with Emergency Room providing a burning content that cannot wait ( today before it is too late )

please contact before using the images : Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel 1@colonel.dk

www.colonel.dk

 

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In 2013 Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel is represented at the Malives pavilion at the Venice Biennale and then went further and received hospitality at the Zimbabwe pavilion with the Emergency Room Mobile

www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html

 

Meanwhile Thierry Geoffroy is in Copenhagen the work about todays emergencies continue at the gallery Marianne Friis on the

ULTRACONTEMPOARY WARM UP Wall established for this occasion since 6sept 2013

thierrygeoffroy.blogspot.dk/2013/09/colonel-s-warm-up-wal...

www.emergencyrooms.org

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lists of artists participating at the Venice Biennale :

Hilma af Klint, Victor Alimpiev, Ellen Altfest, Paweł Althamer, Levi Fisher Ames, Yuri Ancarani, Carl Andre, Uri Aran, Yüksel Arslan, Ed Atkins, Marino Auriti, Enrico Baj, Mirosław Bałka, Phyllida Barlow, Morton Bartlett, Gianfranco Baruchello, Hans Bellmer, Neïl Beloufa, Graphic Works of Southeast Asia and Melanesia, Hugo A. Bernatzik Collection, Ștefan Bertalan, Rossella Biscotti, Arthur Bispo do Rosário, John Bock, Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, Geta Brătescu, KP Brehmer, James Lee Byars, Roger Caillois, Varda Caivano, Vlassis Caniaris, James Castle, Alice Channer, George Condo, Aleister Crowley & Frieda Harris, Robert Crumb, Roberto Cuoghi, Enrico David, Tacita Dean, John De Andrea, Thierry De Cordier, Jos De Gruyter e Harald Thys, Walter De Maria, Simon Denny, Trisha Donnelly, Jimmie Durham, Harun Farocki, Peter Fischli & David Weiss, Linda Fregni Nagler, Peter Fritz, Aurélien Froment, Phyllis Galembo, Norbert Ghisoland, Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Domenico Gnoli, Robert Gober, Tamar Guimarães and Kasper Akhøj, Guo Fengyi, João Maria Gusmão & Pedro Paiva, Wade Guyton, Haitian Vodou Flags, Duane Hanson, Sharon Hayes, Camille Henrot, Daniel Hesidence, Roger Hiorns, Channa Horwitz, Jessica Jackson Hutchins, René Iché, Hans Josephsoh, Kan Xuan, Bouchra Khalili, Ragnar Kjartansson, Eva Kotátková, Evgenij Kozlov, Emma Kunz, Maria Lassnig, Mark Leckey, Augustin Lesage, Lin Xue, Herbert List, José Antonio Suárez Londoño, Sarah Lucas, Helen Marten, Paul McCarthy, Steve McQueen, Prabhavathi Meppayil, Marisa Merz, Pierre Molinier, Matthew Monahan, Laurent Montaron, Melvin Moti, Matt Mullican, Ron Nagle, Bruce Nauman, Albert Oehlen, Shinro Ohtake, J.D. ‘Okhai Ojeikere, Henrik Olesen, John Outterbridg, Paño Drawings, Marco Paolini, Diego Perrone, Walter Pichler, Otto Piene, Eliot Porter, Imran Qureshi, Carol Rama, Charles Ray, James Richards, Achilles G. Rizzoli, Pamela Rosenkranz, Dieter Roth, Viviane Sassen, Shinichi Sawada, Hans Schärer, Karl Schenker, Michael Schmidt, Jean-Frédéric Schnyder, Friedrich Schröder-Sonnenstern, Tino Sehgal, Richard Serra, Shaker Gift Drawings, Jim Shaw, Cindy Sherman, Laurie Simmons e Allan McCollum, Drossos P. Skyllas, Harry Smith, Xul Solar, Christiana Soulou, Eduard Spelterini, Rudolf Steiner, Hito Steyerl, Papa Ibra Tall, Dorothea Tanning, Anonymous Tantric Paintings, Ryan Trecartin, Rosemarie Trockel, Andra Ursuta, Patrick Van Caeckenbergh, Stan VanDerBeek, Erik van Lieshout, Danh Vo, Eugene Von Bruenchenhein, Günter Weseler, Jack Whitten, Cathy Wilkes, Christopher Williams, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Kohei YoshiyUKi, Sergey Zarva, Anna Zemánková, Jakub Julian Ziółkowski ,Artur Żmijewski.

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other pavilions at Venice Biennale

 

Andorra Artists: Javier Balmaseda, Samantha Bosque, Fiona Morrison

Commissioner: Henry Périer Deputy Commissioners: Francesc Rodríguez, Ermengol Puig, Ruth Casabella

Curators: Josep M. Ubach, Paolo De GrandisAngola Artist: Edson Chagas Commissioner: Ministry of Culture

Curators: Beyond Entropy (Paula Nascimento, Stefano Rabolli Pansera), Jorge Gumbe, Feliciano dos Santos

Argentina Artist: Nicola Costantino Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace Curator: Fernando Farina

Armenia Artist: Ararat SarkissianCurator: Arman Grogoryan /AustraliaArtist: Simryn Gill Commissioner: Simon Mordant Deputy Commissioner: Penelope Seidler Curator: Catherine de Zegher /AustriaArtist: Mathias Poledna ,Curator: Jasper Sharp /AzerbaijanArtists: Rashad Alakbarov, Sanan Aleskerov, Chingiz Babayev, Butunay Hagverdiyev, Fakhriyya Mammadova, Farid Rasulov /Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev FoundationCurator: Hervé Mikaeloff

Bahamas Artist: Tavares Strachan Commissioner: Nalini Bethel, Ministry of Tourism Curators: Jean Crutchfield, Robert HobbsDeputy Curator: Stamatina Gregory/BangladeshChhakka Artists’ Group: Mokhlesur Rahman, Mahbub Zamal, A. K. M. Zahidul Mustafa, Ashok Karmaker, Lala Rukh Selim, Uttam Kumar Karmaker. Dhali Al Mamoon, Yasmin Jahan Nupur, Gavin Rain, Gianfranco Meggiato, Charupit School/Commissioner/Curator: Francesco Elisei. , Curator: Fabio Anselmi./BahrainArtists: Mariam Haji, Waheeda Malullah, Camille Zakharia /Commissioner: Mai bint Mohammed Al Khalifa, Minister of Culture /Curator: Melissa Enders-Bhatiaa/BelgiumArtist: Berlinde De Bruyckere

Commissioner: Joke Schauvliege, Flemish Minister for Environment, Nature and Culture .Curator: J. M. Coetzee ,Deputy Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren /Bosnia and Herzegovina

Artist: Mladen Miljanovic .Commissioners: Sarita Vujković, Irfan Hošić

Brazil Artists: Hélio Fervenza, Odires Mlászho, Lygia Clark, Max Bill, Bruno Munari

Commissioner: Luis Terepins, Fundação Bienal de São Paulo,Curator: Luis Pérez-Oramas ,Deputy Curator: André Severo

CanadaArtist: Shary Boyle /Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada / Musée des beaux-arts du Canada ,Curator: Josée Drouin-Brisebois/Central AsiaArtists: Vyacheslav Akhunov, Sergey Chutkov, Saodat Ismailova, Kamilla Kurmanbekova, Ikuru Kuwajima, Anton Rodin, Aza Shade, Erlan Tuyakov

Commissioner: HIVOS (Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation)

Deputy Commissioner: Dean Vanessa Ohlraun (Oslo National Academy of the Arts/The Academy of Fine Art)

Curators: Ayatgali Tuleubek, Tiago Bom

Scientific Committee: Susanne M. Winterling

ChileArtist: Alfredo JaarCommissioner: CNCA, National Council of Culture and the Arts Curator: Madeleine Grynsztejn

ChinaArtists: He Yunchang, Hu Yaolin, Miao Xiaochun, Shu Yong, Tong Hongsheng, Wang Qingsong, Zhang Xiaotao

Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group (CAEG) ,Curator: Wang Chunchen

Costa Rica Artists: Priscilla Monge, Esteban Piedra, Rafael Ottón Solís, Cinthya Soto

Commissioner: Francesco EliseiCurator: Francisco Córdoba, Museo de Arte y Diseño Contemporáneo (Fiorella Resenterra)

Croatia Artist: Kata Mijatovic ,Commissioner/Curator: Branko Franceschi.

CubaArtists: Liudmila and Nelson, Maria Magdalena Campos & Neil Leonard, Sandra Ramos, Glenda León, Lázaro Saavedra, Tonel, Hermann Nitsch, Gilberto Zorio, Wang Du, H.H.Lim, Pedro Costa, Rui Chafes, Francesca Leone ,Commissioner: Miria ViciniCurators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza

CyprusArtists: Lia Haraki, Maria Hassabi, Phanos Kyriacou, Constantinos Taliotis, Natalie Yiaxi, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter Sinister /Louli Michaelidou

Deputy Commissioners: Angela Skordi, Marika Ioannou/Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas

Czech Republic & Slovak RepublicArtists: Petra Feriancova, Zbynek Baladran ,Commissioner: Monika Palcova, Curator: Marek Pokorny /DenmarkArtist: Jesper Just in collaboration with Project ProjectsEgypt

Artists: Mohamed Banawy, Khaled Zaki

EstoniaArtist: Dénes Farkas ,Commissioner: Maria Arusoo ,Curator: Adam Budak

FinlandArtist: Antti Laitinen , Commissioner: Raija Koli , Curators: Marko Karo, Mika Elo, Harri Laakso

FranceArtist: Anri Sala ,Curator: Christine Macel

GeorgiaArtists: Bouillon Group,Thea Djordjadze, Nikoloz Lutidze, Gela Patashuri with Ei Arakawa and Sergei Tcherepnin, Gio Sumbadze/Commissioner: Marine Mizandari, First Deputy Minister of Culture Curator: Joanna Warsza

GermanyArtists: Ai Weiwei, Romuald Karmakar, Santu Mofokeng, Dayanita Singh Commissioner/Curator: Susanne Gaensheimer /Great BritainArtist: Jeremy Deller ,Commissioner: Andrea Rose , Curator: Emma Gifford-Mead

Holy SeeArtists: Lawrence Carroll, Josef Koudelka, Studio Azzurro ,Curator: Antonio Paolucci

Hungary , Artist: Zsolt Asztalos , Curator: Gabriella Uhl

Iceland , Artist: Katrín Sigurðardóttir ,Commissioner: Dorotheé Kirch

Curators: Mary Ceruti , Ilaria Bonacossa/IndonesiaArtists: Albert Yonathan Setyawan, Eko Nugroho, Entang Wiharso, Rahayu Supanggah, Sri Astari, Titarubi

Deputy Commissioner: Achille Bonito Oliva , Assistant Commissioner: Mirah M. Sjarif

Curators: Carla Bianpoen, Rifky Effendy

IraqArtists: Abdul Raheem Yassir, Akeel Khreef, Ali Samiaa, Bassim Al-Shaker, Cheeman Ismaeel, Furat al Jamil, Hareth Alhomaam, Jamal Penjweny, Kadhim Nwir, WAMI (Yaseen Wami, Hashim Taeeh)

Commissioner: Tamara Chalabi (Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture)Curator: Jonathan Watkins.

IrelandArtist: Richard MosseCommissioner, Curator: Anna O’Sullivan

Israel , Artist: Gilad Ratman , Commissioners: Arad Turgeman, Michael GovCurator: Sergio Edelstein

ItalyArtists: Francesco Arena, Massimo Bartolini, Gianfranco Baruchello, Elisabetta Benassi, Flavio Favelli, Luigi Ghirri, Piero Golia, Francesca Grilli, Marcello Maloberti, Fabio Mauri, Giulio Paolini, Marco Tirelli, Luca Vitone, Sislej Xhafa ,Commissioner: Maddalena Ragni

Curator: Bartolomeo Pietromarchi /Ivory Coast Artists: Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, Tamsir Dia, Jems Koko Bi, Franck Fanny

Commissioner: Paolo De Grandis , Curator: Yacouba Konaté

Japan ,Artist: Koki Tanaka ,Curator: Mika Kuraya

KenyaArtists: Kivuthi Mbuno, Armando Tanzini, Chrispus Wangombe Wachira, Fan Bo, Luo Ling & Liu Ke, Lu Peng, Li Wei, He Weiming, Chen Wenling, Feng Zhengjie, César MeneghettiCommissioner: Paola Poponi ,Curators: Sandro Orlandi, Paola Poponi /Korea (Republic of)Artist: Kimsooja

KosovoArtist: Petrit Halilaj ,Commissioner: Erzen Shkololli ,Curator: Kathrin Rhomberg

KuwaitArtists: Sami Mohammad, Tarek Al-Ghoussein

Commissioner: Mohammed Al-Asoussi ,Curator: Ala Younis /Latin AmericaIstituto Italo-Latino Americano

Artists:Marcos Agudelo, Miguel Alvear & Patricio Andrade, Susana Arwas, François Bucher, Fredi Casco, Colectivo Quintapata (Pascal Meccariello, Raquel Paiewonsky, Jorge Pineda, Belkis Ramírez), Humberto Díaz, Sonia Falcone, León & Cociña, Lucía Madriz, Jhafis Quintero, Martín Sastre, Guillermo Srodek-Hart, Juliana Stein, Simón Vega, Luca Vitone, David Zink Yi. /Harun Farocki & Antje Ehmann. In collaboration with: Cristián Silva-Avária, Anna Azevedo, Paola Barreto, Fred Benevides, Anna Bentes, Hermano Callou, Renata Catharino, Patrick Sonni Cavalier, Lucas Ferraço Nassif, Luiz Garcia, André Herique, Bruna Mastrogiovanni, Cezar Migliorin, Felipe Ribeiro, Roberto Robalinho, Bruno Vianna, Beny Wagner, Christian Jankowski ,Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal ,Curator: Alfons Hug

Deputy Curator: Paz Guevara /Latvia Artists: Kaspars Podnieks, Krišs Salmanis ,Commissioners: Zane Culkstena, Zane Onckule ,Curators: Anne Barlow, Courtenay Finn, Alise Tifentale

LithuaniaArtist: Gintaras Didžiapetris, Elena Narbutaite, Liudvikas Buklys, Kazys Varnelis, Vytaute Žilinskaite, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter SinisterCommissioners: Jonas Žokaitis, Aurime Aleksandraviciute Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas /LuxembourgArtist: Catherine LorentCommissioner: Clément Minighetti Curator: Anna Loporcaro /MexicoArtist: Ariel Guzik ,Commissioner: Gastón Ramírez Feltrín ,Curator: Itala Schmelz

Montenegro ,Artist: Irena Lagator Pejovic .Commissioner/Curator: Nataša Nikcevic

The Netherlands ,Artist: Mark Manders

Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund ,Curator: Lorenzo Benedetti

New Zealand Artist: Bill Culbert ,Commissioner: Jenny Harper ,Deputy Commissioner: Heather Galbraith ,Curator: Justin Paton /Finland: ,Artist: Terike Haapoja ,Commissioner: Raija Koli ,Curators: Marko Karo, Mika Elo, Harri Laakso

Norway:Artists: Edvard Munch, Lene Berg

Curators: Marta Kuzma, Pablo Lafuente, Angela Vettese

Paraguay Artists: Pedro Barrail, Felix Toranzos, Diana Rossi, Daniel Milessi ,Commissioner: Elisa Victoria Aquino Laterza

Deputy Commissioner: Nori Vaccari Starck , Curator: Osvaldo González Real

Poland Artist: Konrad Smolenski Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska Curators: Agnieszka Pindera, Daniel Muzyczuk

Portugal Artist: Joana Vasconcelos Curator: Miguel Amado

RomaniaArtists: Maria Alexandra Pirici, Manuel Pelmus Commissioner: Monica Morariu Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damia Curator: Raluca VoineaArtists: Anca Mihulet, Apparatus 22 (Dragos Olea, Maria Farcas,Erika Olea), Irina Botea, Nicu Ilfoveanu, Karolina Bregula, Adi Matei, Olivia Mihaltianu, Sebastian MoldovanCommissioner: Monica Morariu ,Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian ,Curator: Anca Mihulet

Russia Artist: Vadim Zakharov ,Commissioner: Stella Kasaeva ,Curator: Udo Kittelmann

Serbia Artists: Vladimir Peric, Miloš Tomic .Commissioner: Maja Ciric

SloveniaArtist: Jasmina CibicCommissioner: Blaž Peršin ,Curator: Tevž Logar

South Africa Commissioner: Saul Molobi ,Curator: Brenton Maart

Spain Artist: Lara Almarcegui , Commissioner/Curator: Octavio Zaya

Switzerland Artist: Valentin Carron Commissioners: Pro Helvetia - Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki

Curator: Giovanni CarmineVenue: Pavilion at Giardini

Syrian Arab RepublicArtists: Giorgio De Chirico, Miro George, Makhowl Moffak, Al Samman Nabil, Echtai Shaffik, Giulio Durini, Dario Arcidiacono, Massimiliano Alioto, Felipe Cardena, Roberto Paolini, Concetto Pozzati, Sergio Lombardo, Camilla Ancilotto, Lucio Micheletti, Lidia Bachis, Cracking Art Group, Hannu Palosuo

Commissioner: Christian Maretti Curator: Duccio Trombadori

Taiwan Artists: Bernd Behr, Chia-Wei Hsu, Kateřina Šedá + BATEŽO MIKILU Curator: Esther Lu

Thailand Artists: Wasinburee Supanichvoraparch, Arin Rungjang

Curators: Penwadee Nophaket Manont, Worathep Akkabootara

Turkey Artist: Ali Kazma Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts Curator: Emre Baykal

Ukraine Artists: Ridnyi Mykola, Zinkovskyi Hamlet, Kadyrova Zhanna Commissioner: Victor Sydorenko

Curators: Soloviov Oleksandr, Burlaka Victoria

United Arab Emirates Artist: Mohammed Kazem /Commissioner: Dr. Lamees Hamdan Curator: Reem Fadda

Uruguay Artist: Wifredo Díaz Valdéz

Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale Curators: Carlos Capelán, Verónica Cordeiro

USA Artist: Sarah Sze Commissioners/Curators: Carey Lovelace, Holly Block

Venezuela Colectivo de Artistas Urbanos Venezolanos , Commissioner: Edgar Ernesto González Curator: Juan Calzadilla

 

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Encyclopedic Palace is curated by Massimiliano Gioni

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Other Biennales (Biennials ) : Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale

Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art

    

SALKANTAY TREK TO MACHU PICCHU

5 DAYS - 4 NIGHTS

   

SALKANTAY TREK TO MACHU PICCHU

5 DAYS - 4 NIGHTS

The amazing Salkantay trek to Machupicchu is one of the famous treks in Cusco and the best alternative route to get to Machupicchu. It is takes you through different types of landscapes from the typical Andean landscape up to the snowcapped mountains and down to the tropical forests and finally gets you into the jungle, Salkantay trek named among the 25 best Treks in the World, by National Geographic Adventure Travel Magazine

If you are thinking to do a hiking trip to Machupicchu and you want to be off of the beaten path and be in touch with the nature; Salkantay trek is the best option. Hiking 75 kilometers = 46 miles and reaching the famous Apacheta (mountain offerings) pass 4621masl = 15160ft which is the highest point of the Salkantay trek: enjoying the amazing view during the hike from Mollepata town to Soraypampa base camp at knee of the Umantay mountain. Then to go up to the highest point to enjoy the view of outstanding snow-capped Salkantay mount. This was one of the most important Apus in the Inca period! Then you are going dawn to Chaullay through the beautiful scenery and then go to Santa Teresa to jump into the natural and medicinal hot spring. And finally we reach to Aguas Calientes town for overnight in the hotel and the last day of your adventure you will get up too early to be the firsts ones up in Machupicchu and enjoy the sunrise.

OVERVIEW

Highlight: Hiking alongside the magnificent Apu Salkantay and then arriving at the ruins of Machu Picchu. 

Location: The Salkantay trek begins 3 hours driving to the west of Cusco, Peru. We pass the village of Mollepata and begin hiking at Marcocasa. 

Duration: 5 days/ 4 nights

Starting point: cusco

Ending point: cusco

Level: Moderate to Challenging 

Adventure Rating: Given the new restrictions on the Inca trail, Salkantay is the second most popular hike in the region and some of the campsites are less remote than on other trails. 

Modality: Trekking, Archaeological and Cultural 

Ideal for: Adventure Seekers, Couples, Friends, Nature Lovers, and Intrepid People 

Altitude: 2,800 masl to 4,650 masl 

Inca Trail alternative: Yes, the Salkantay trek is an excellent option. 

Departure Dates: Daily departures 

All private service departure dates are adapted to your request

Trekkers Wanted: If you wish to join a group tour, please see Trekkers Wanted.You can also form your own tour to be advertised on this page maximum group size 10.

 

ITINERARY - SALKANTAY TREK TO MACHU PICCHU 5 DAYS - 4 NIGHTS

DAY 1: Cusco - Mollepata - Marcocasa - Soraypampa.

We will pick you up from your hotel in Cusco from 5: 00 am to 5:30 am to go by bus to Mollepata. Begin a spectacular scenic drive through the Anta plains with beautiful and panoramic views of the majestic Salkantay and other mountains covered with snow, and the Valley of Apurimac River. After two and a half hours drive we stop in Mollepata to have breakfast for last minute supplies, leg-stretching or to use the bathrooms, before continuing to Marcocasa. There we will meet with our support staff. They will load the equipment on horses and mules. Around 9:30 a.m. we will star our trek toward Soraypampa (3900 meters above sea level) if we keep a regular pace we will take 4 hours approximately to reach to Soraypampa the first camp site where will have lunch after lunch in the afternoon we have an option to go up to Umantay lake (4200masl) which takes 3 hours hike back and forth from the camp to see the glacier lake of Umantay. But if we keep slow pace; we will have lunch at halfway between Soraypampa and Marco Casa maybe after 3 hours of hiking. And after that we hike two a half hours more to Soraypampa. Anyway our camp is going be at Soraypampa. Sleeping tents will be ready and we will have a warm delicious dinner in the evening.

Meals: Lunch, Dinner.

Overnight: Soraypampa in the tents.

Maximum Altitude: 3850 masl.

Minimum Altitude: 2850 masl.

Hiking distance: 14 km approx.

DAY 2: Soraypampa - Salkantay Pass - Huayramachay – Chaullay

Today early in the morning we will wake you up with the coca tea. Around 6:00 we will have a nutritious breakfast around 7:00 am we will start the hardest day of the whole Salkantay trek; we will be walking up to the highest point of the trek. After 6 kilometers uphill through the magnificent scenery of Rocky Mountains and enjoying the view of Salkantay mount. We reach the top of the trek. We will appreciate spectacular views of the mountains and the imposing snowy peaks of the Salkantay (6264 meters above sea level) which is known as the second highest mountain of the Cusco region. After 2 hours downhill around 1:00 p.m. we will have our delicious Peruvian lunch, in the area called Huayracmachay. Then we continue our hike to Chaullay approximately 3 hours of downhill we will get to our camp in Chaullay = 2900 masl Where we will have the sleeping tents ready. Around 7: 00 pm we will have dinner to recover energy from the trek.

Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner.

Overnight: Chaullay in the tents.

Maximum Altitude: 4650 masl.

Minimum Altitude: 2920 masl.

hiking distance: 20km to Chaullay.

DAY 3: Chaullay - Collpapampa - La Playa - Santa Teresa (Cola de Mono Campsite)

Around 7:30 am; we will start our trek to La Playa through the Santa Teresa valley. We will hike 6 hours approximately during the hike will see: water fall, orchids, coffee, banana, avocado plantations and we will taste the famous passion fruit or granadilla and also we will see a village call Colpapampa also call the “forest cloudy brow” where waterfalls, thermal hot springs, fruit-bearing trees, varied flora, and birds can be observed. If we are lucky, we will be able to see the famous bird called “the Cock of the Rocks”. After lunch at La playa, we will catch a local transportation to Santa Teresa. Where will have an overnight at “cola de mono” campsite. We are the only trekking company allow camping there. In the afternoon we may go to Santa Teresa´s hot spring to enjoy it. Then back at the campsite for happy hours and dinner.

Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner.

Overnight: Santa Teresa “cola de mono campsite” in the tents.

Maximum Altitude: 2920 masl.

Minimum Altitude: 1600 masl.

Hiking distance: 15km approx.

DAY 4: Santa Teresa (Cola de Mono Campsite) - Hidroeléctrica - Aguas Calientes

After of our delicious breakfast we are going to walk approximately 7 hours. Around 8:30 a.m. we start our trek to Colpani village we will have the opportunity to see coca farms, mandarin, orange and yucca. And a lovely view of the Santa Teresa Valley. We follow along the riverside of Vilcanota River until arrive to the Oroya (cable bridge) then we keep going to Hidroelectrica where will have our lunch. After lunch we going to walk along the train track but on the base of Machupicchu and Waynapicchu Mountain from the way we will see Machupicchu. After two a half hours hike we will be at Aguas Calientes town: base town of Machupicchu for overnight in the hotel and dinner at the local restaurant.

Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner.

Overnight: in Aguas Calientes at the hotel which included in the package.

Maximum Altitude: 2350 masl.

Minimum Altitude: 2000 masl.

Hiking distance: 18 km approx.

 

DAY 5: Aguas Calientes - Machu Picchu - Ollantaytambo – Cusco

Today early in the morning after breakfast at the hotel you will be able to choose between. Walk up to Machupicchu. Or take bus up to Machupicchu. Any way we will be the first ones into Machupicchu to enjoy the sunrise and you will have two a half hours guided tour. Then you will have the free time to explore Machupicchu by yourselves or if you desire, ascent toward the Huaynapicchu Mountain. Or climb to Machupicchu montaña. After Machupicchu you are going back to Aguas Calientes to take a train to Ollantaytambo and from there by bus back to Cusco. The bus drops you off at your hotel in Cusco.

 

Meals: Breakfast.

 

WHAT IS INCLUDED?

 

Pre-departure briefing at the office in Cusco

Collection from your hotel in the morning and transfer in private transportation to Marcocasa (starting point of the trek).

Personal tents: 2 people in each 4-people-capacity tent, to allow for higher comfort and a safe keeping of backpacks. Our tents are 3-season, highly maintained to ensure an excellent performance in field. Kailas, Pro Aconcagua and Rei 4 Outfitter tents are employed when double accommodation is requested.

One sleeping pad per person.

1 Blanket. Or Liner.

One pillow per person.

Dining tent with tables and chairs

Kitchen tent

English speaking professional and official tourist guide (2 guides for groups of over 10 people)

1 night accommodation in Aguas Calientes

Chef and cooking equipment

Pack animals (to carry tents, food and cooking equipment) – days 1 to 4

Pack animals to carry personal gear up to a maximum of 7kg per person (including sleeping pad and sleeping bag) – days 1 to 4

1 emergency horse every 8 persons – days 1 to 3

Accommodation for all our staff

Meals (4B, 4L, 4D + daily morning snack + daily tea service except last day). Vegetarian or special menus are available at no extra cost

One textile snack bag per person, to avoid the usage of plastic bags that contaminate our environment

Boiled filtered water every day since the first lunch. For your water bottles.

Bio-degradable personal hand soaps

Bio-degradable dishwashing detergents used by our kitchen staff

Others: hot water every morning and evening for washing purposes / boiled water to fill in your water bottle every morning and night, and at lunch time if requested with enough time ahead

First-aid kit including emergency oxygen bottle

Machupicchu entrance fee

One way bus ticket from Aguas Calientes to Machupicchu on day 4

Expedition Train from Aguas Calientes to Cusco. Upgrade to Vistadome or Hiram Bingham service, availability upon request.

Transfer from train station to the hotel in Cusco

24-h guest service: please ask for the emergency number available during your time of visit.

 

WHAT IS NOT INCLUDED?

 

First breakfast on day one.

Lunch on the last day after the guided tour at Machu Picchu

Walking Sticks

Sleeping bag: you may rent it from us. Our sleeping bags are -20ºC-comfort (0ºF), mummy form and include a sleeping liner. They are cleaned after every use and have a maximum usage of 30 trips.

 

 

OPTIONAL AND RENTALS

 

Extra night in Aguas Calientes $50 (or email us for alternate options). We will just need to arrange your train back to Cusco for the following day. 

Please tell us before final booking process.

Personal horse and horsemen for riding or carrying extra personal belongings while on the trek. 

Extra cost is $80 for the trek.

Therma-rest inflatable sleeping pad rent: US$ 5.00 per day

Entrance to the Hot Springs in Santa Teresa.

 

 

   

hi.kingdomsalvation.org/gospel/the-true-meaning-of-raptur...

  

संदर्भ के लिए बाइबिल के पद:

 

"तुम भी तैयार रहो; क्योंकि जिस घड़ी तुम सोचते भी नहीं, उसी घड़ी मनुष्य का पुत्र आ जाएगा" (लूका 12:40)।

 

"मैं चोर के समान आता हूँ" (प्रकाशितवाक्य 16:15)।

 

"देख, मैं द्वार पर खड़ा हुआ खटखटाता हूँ; यदि कोई मेरा शब्द सुनकर द्वार खोलेगा, तो मैं उसके पास भीतर आकर उसके साथ भोजन करूँगा और वह मेरे साथ" (प्रकाशितवाक्य 3:20)।

 

"जिसके कान हों वह सुन ले कि आत्मा कलीसियाओं से क्या कहता है" (प्रकाशितवाक्य 2:7)।

 

"मेरी भेड़ें मेरा शब्द सुनती हैं; मैं उन्हें जानता हूँ, और वे मेरे पीछे पीछे चलती हैं" (यूहन्ना 10:27)।

  

परमेश्वर के अति-उत्कृष्ट वचन:

 

"स्वर्गारोहण" नीचे स्थानों से उँचे स्थानों पर उठाया जाना नहीं है जैसा कि लोग कल्पना करते हैं। यह एक बहुत बड़ी ग़लती है। स्वर्गारोहण मेरे द्वारा पूर्वनियत और चयनित किए जाने को संदर्भित करता है। यह उन सभी पर लक्षित है जिन्हें मैंने पूर्वनियत और चयनित किया है। जिन लोगों ने ज्येष्ठ पुत्रों की, मेरे पुत्रों की, या मेरे लोग की हैसियत प्राप्त कर ली है, वे सभी ऐसे लोग हैं जो स्वर्गारोहित किये जा चुके हैं। यह लोगों की अवधारणाओं के साथ सर्वाधिक असंगत है। जिन लोगों का भविष्य में मेरे घर में हिस्सा है वे सभी ऐसे लोग हैं जो मेरे सामने स्वर्गारोहित किये जा चुके हैं। यह पूर्णतः सत्य है, कभी भी नहीं बदलता है, और किसी के द्वारा भी अस्वीकार नहीं किया जा सकता है। यह शैतान के विरुद्ध जवाबी हमला है। जिस किसी को भी मैंने पूर्व नियत किया है वह मेरे सामने स्वर्गारोहित किया जाएगा।

 

"वचन देह में प्रकट होता है" से "एक सौ चौथा कथन" से

 

मनुष्य विश्वास करता है कि सलीब पर चढ़ने और पुनरूत्थान के बाद, यीशु सफेद बादल पर स्वर्ग में वापस चला गया, और उसने सर्वोच्च महान के दाएँ हाथ पर अपना स्थान ग्रहण किया।उसी प्रकार, मनुष्य कल्पना करता है कि यीशु फिर से सफेद बादल पर सवार होकर (यह बादल उस बादल की ओर संकेत करता है जिस पर यीशु तब सवार हुआ था जब वह स्वर्ग में वापस गया था), उन लोगों के बीच वापस आएगा जिन्होंने हज़ारों सालों से उसके लिए बहुत अधिक लालसा रखी है, और यह कि वह यहूदियों का स्वरूप और उनके कपड़े धारण करेगा। मनुष्य के सामने प्रकट होने के बाद, वह उन्हें भोजन प्रदान करेगा, और उनके लिए जीवन के जल की बौछार करवाएगा, और मनुष्य के बीच में रहेगा, अनुग्रह और प्रेम से भरपूर, जीवन्त और वास्तविक, इत्यादि। फिर भी उद्धारकर्त्ता यीशु ने ऐसा नहीं किया; उसने मनुष्य की कल्पना के विपरीत किया। वह उनके बीच में नहीं आया जिन्होंने उसकी वापसी की लालसा की थी, और वह सफेद बादल पर सवारी करते हुए सभी मनुष्यों के सामने प्रकट नहीं हुआ। वह तो पहले से ही आ चुका है, किन्तु मनुष्य उसे नहीं जानता है, और उसके आगमन से अनजान बना हुआ है। मनुष्य केवल निरुद्देश्यता से उसका इन्तज़ार कर रहा है, इस बात से अनभिज्ञ कि वह तो पहले ही सफेद बादल (वह बादल जो उसका आत्मा, उसके वचन, और उसका सम्पूर्ण स्वभाव है और स्वरूप है) पर अवरोहण कर चुका है, और वह अब उन विजेताओं के समूह के बीच में है जिसे वह अंत के दिनों के दौरान बनाएगा।

 

"उद्धारकर्त्ता पहले ही एक "सफेद बादल" पर सवार होकर वापस आ चुका है" से

 

"वह जिसके कान हो, सुन ले कि आत्मा ने कलीसियाओं से क्या कहा।" क्या तुमने अब पवित्र आत्मा के वचन सुन लिए हैं? परमेश्वर के वचन तुम्हें अचानक मिले हैं। क्या तुम उन्हें सुनते हो? अंत के दिनों में परमेश्वर वचन का कार्य करता है, और ऐसे वचन पवित्र आत्मा के वचन हैं, क्योंकि परमेश्वर पवित्र आत्मा है और देहधारी भी हो सकता है; इसलिए, पवित्र आत्मा के वचन, जैसे अतीत में बोले गए थे, आज देहधारी परमेश्वर के वचन हैं। कई विवेकहीन मनुष्य हैं जिनका मानना है कि पवित्र आत्मा के वचन मनुष्य के कान में सीधे स्वर्ग से उतर कर आने चाहिए। इस प्रकार सोचने वाला कोई भी परमेश्वर के कार्य को नहीं जानता है। वास्तव में, पवित्र आत्मा के द्वारा कहे गए कथन वे ही हैं जो परमेश्वर ने देहधारी होकर कहे। पवित्र आत्मा प्रत्यक्ष रूप से मनुष्य से बात नहीं कर सकता है, और यहाँ तक कि व्यवस्था के युग में भी, यहोवा ने प्रत्यक्ष रूप से लोगों से बात नहीं की। क्या इस बात की बहुत कम सम्भावना नहीं होगी है कि वह आज के युग में भी ऐसा ही करेगा? कार्य को करने के लिए परमेश्वर को कथनों को बोलने के लिए, उसे अवश्य देहधारण करना चाहिए, अन्यथा उसका कार्य उसके उद्देश्य को पूरा नहीं कर सकता है। जो परमेश्वर के देहधारी होने को इनकार करते हैं, वे ऐसे लोग होते हैं जो आत्मा को या उन सिद्धान्तों को नहीं जानते हैं जिनके द्वारा परमेश्वर कार्य करता है। जो मानते हैं कि अब पवित्र आत्मा का युग है फिर भी उसके नए कार्य को स्वीकार नहीं करते हैं वे अस्पष्ट विश्वास में जीने वाले लोग हैं। मनुष्यों का इस प्रकार का व्यवहार कभी भी पवित्र आत्मा का कार्य प्राप्त नहीं करेगा। जो लोग चाहते हैं कि पवित्र आत्मा प्रत्यक्ष रूप से उनसे बात करे और अपना कार्य करे, फिर भी वे देहधारी परमेश्वर के वचनों या कार्य को स्वीकार नहीं करते हैं, वे कभी भी नए युग में प्रवेश या परमेश्वर से पूरी तरह से उद्धार प्राप्त नहीं कर पाएँगे।

 

"वह मनुष्य किस प्रकार परमेश्वर के प्रकटनों को प्राप्त कर सकता है जिसने उसे अपनी ही धारणाओं में परिभाषित किया है?" से

 

परमेश्वर मौन है, और हमारे सामने कभी प्रकट नहीं हुआ, फिर भी उसका काम कभी नहीं रूका है। वह सभी भूमियों पर देखता है, सभी का नियंत्रण करता है, और मनुष्य के सभी वचनों और कर्मों को देखता है। उसका प्रबंधन चरणबद्ध है और उसकी योजना के अनुसार है। यह चुपचाप, नाटकीय प्रभाव के बिना आगे बढ़ता है, मगर उसके चरण मनुष्यों के निकटतम बढ़ते रहते हैं, और उसका न्याय का आसन बिजली की रफ्तार से ब्रह्माण्ड में तैनात होता है, और उसके तुरंत बाद हमारे बीच उसके सिंहासन का अवरोहण होता है। वह कैसा आलीशान दृश्य है, कितनी भव्य और गंभीर झाँकी! कपोत के समान, गरजते हुए सिंह के समान, पवित्र आत्मा हम सब के बीच में पहुँचता है। वह बुद्धिमान है, वह धर्मी और आलीशान है, वह अधिकार से युक्त और प्रेम एवं करुणा से भरा हुआ, चुपचाप हमारे बीच में पहुँचता है। ...

 

...

 

और तब भी यही वह साधारण मनुष्य है जो लोगों के बीच में छुपा हुआ है जो हमें बचाने के नये काम को कर रहा है। वह हमें कोई सफाई नहीं देता है, और न बताता है कि वह क्यों आया है। वह केवल उस काम को करता है जिसे वह चरणों में, और अपनी योजना के अनुसार, करने का इरादा रखता है। उनके वचन और कथन अब बार-बार सुनाई देते हैं। सांत्वना देने, उत्साह बढ़ाने, स्मरण कराने, चेतावनी देने, से लेकर डॉटने-फटकारने, और अनुशासित करने तक; ऐसे स्वर जो नरम और दयालु हैं से ले कर, ऐसे वचनों तक जो भयंकर और राजसी हैं—वे सब मनुष्य में तरस और कँपकँपी दोनों भरते हैं। हर बात जो वह कहते हैं हमारे अंदर गहरे छिपे रहस्यों पर सीधे चोट करती है, उसके वचन हमारे हृदयों में डंक मारते हैं, हमारी आत्माओं पर डंक मारते हैं, हमें लज्जित और अपमानित कर देते हैं। ...

 

हमारी जानकारी के बिना, इस महत्वहीन व्यक्ति ने, परमेश्वर के कार्य में एक के बाद एक कदम में हमारी अगुवाई की है। हम अनगिनत परीक्षाओं से गुजरते हैं, अनगिनत ताड़नाओं के अधीन किये जाते हैं और मृत्यु द्वारा हमारी परीक्षा ली जाती है। हम परमेश्वर के धर्मी और आलीशान स्वभाव के बारे में सीखते हैं, उसके प्रेम और करुणा का आनंद भी लेते हैं; परमेश्वर के महान सामर्थ्य और विवेक की सराहना करते हैं, परमेश्वर की सुंदरता के गवाह बनते हैं, और मनुष्य को बचाने की परमेश्वर की उत्कट इच्छा को देखते हैं। इस साधारण मनुष्य के वचनों में, हमें परमेश्वर का स्वभाव और सार ज्ञात हो जाता है; परमेश्वर की इच्छा समझ जाते है, मनुष्य की प्रकृति और उसका सार ज्ञात हो जाता है, हम उद्धार और पूर्ण होने का मार्ग जान जाते हैँ।

 

"परमेश्वर के प्रकटन को उनके न्याय और ताड़ना में देखना" से

 

परमेश्वर का प्रत्येक वचन हमारे मर्मस्थल पर चोट करता है, और हमें दुःखी एवं भयभीत कर देता है। वह हमारे विचारों को प्रकट करता है, हमारी कल्पनाओं को प्रकट करता है, और हमारे भ्रष्ट स्वभाव को प्रकट करता है। वह सब जो हम कहते और करते हैं, और हमारे प्रत्येक विचार और सोच, हमारा स्वभाव और सार उसके वचनों के द्वारा प्रकट होता है, हमें अपमानित करता हुआ और भय से काँपता हुआ छोड़ देता है। हमें यह महसूस कराते हुए कि हम पूरी तरह उजागर कर दिए गए हैं, और यहाँ तक कि पूरी तरह से राजी महसूस कर करवाते हुए, वह हमें हमारे सभी कार्यों, हमारे लक्ष्यों और अभिप्रायों को, और यहाँ तक कि हमारे भ्रष्ट स्वभाव जिसे हमने कभी खोजा नहीं है, के बारे में भी बताता है। परमेश्वर अपने प्रति हमारे विरोध के लिए हमारा न्याय करता है, अपनी ईशनिंदा और तिरस्कार के कारण हमारी ताड़ना करता है, और हमें यह अनुभव करवाता है कि उसकी दृष्टि में हम मूल्यहीन हैं, और हम ही जीवित शैतान हैं। हमारी आशाएँ चूर-चूर हो जाती हैं, हम उससे अविवेकपूर्ण माँगें करने और उसके सामने ऐसा प्रयास करने का साहस अब और नहीं करते हैं, और यहाँ तक कि रात भर में हमारे स्वप्न गायब हो जाते हैं। यह ऐसा तथ्य है जिसकी कल्पना हममें से कोई नहीं कर सकता है और जिसे हममें से कोई भी स्वीकार नहीं कर सकता है। एक क्षण के लिए, हमारे मन असंतुलित हो जाते हैं, और हम नहीं जानते हैं कि मार्ग पर आगे कैसे बढ़ें, नहीं जानते हैं कि अपना विश्वास कैसे जारी रखें। ऐसा लगता है कि हमारा विश्वास जहाँ था वहीं वापस लौट गया है, और यह कि हम कभी प्रभु यीशु से मिले और परिचित हुए नहीं हैं। हमारी आँखों के सामने हर बात हमें हक्का-बक्का कर देती है, और हमें महसूस करवाती है मानो हमें बाहर कर दिया गया है। फिर हम हताश होते हैं, हम हतोत्साहित होते हैं, और हमारे हृदयों की गहराई में अदम्य क्रोध और निरादर होता है। हम उसे बाहर निकालने का प्रयास करते हैं, कोई तरीका ढूँढ़ने का प्रयास करते हैं, और, उससे भी अधिक, हम अपने उद्धारकर्ता यीशु की प्रतीक्षा करना जारी रखने का प्रयास करते हैं और अपने हृदयों को उसके सामने उड़ेलते हैं। यद्यपि ऐसे अवसर भी आते हैं जब हम बाहर से न तो घमंडी होते हैं और न विनम्र, तब भी अपने हृदयों में हम नुकसान की ऐसी भावना से व्यथित हो जाते हैं जैसी पहले कभी नहीं हुई। यद्यपि कभी-कभी हम बाहरी तौर पर असामन्य रूप से शांत दिखाई दे सकते हैं, किंतु भीतर हम समुद्र की गर्जना जैसी यातना का अनुभव करते हैं। उसके न्याय और ताड़ना ने हमें हमारी सभी आशाओँ और स्वप्नों से वंचित कर दिया है, और हमारी अनावश्यक इच्छाओं से रहित कर दिया है, हम यह मानने के लिए तैयार नहीं हैं कि वह हमारा उद्धारकर्ता है और हमारा उद्धार करने में सक्षम हैं। उसके न्याय एवं ताड़ना ने हमारे और उसके बीच एक गहरी खाई पैदा कर दी है और यहाँ तक कि कोई उसे पार करने की इच्छा भी नहीं कर रहा है। उसके न्याय और ताड़ना के कारण पहली बार हम इतना अधिक नुकसान और इतना बड़ा अपमान झेलते हैं। उसके न्याय और ताड़ना ने हमें परमेश्वर के आदर और मनुष्य के अपराध के बारे में सहनशीलता की वास्तव में सराहना करने दी है, जिसकी तुलना में हम बहुत अधम और अशुद्ध हैं। उसके न्याय और ताड़ना ने पहली बार हमें अनुभव कराया कि हम कितने अभिमानी और आडंबरपूर्ण हैं, और कैसे मनुष्य कभी परमेश्वर की बराबरी नहीं कर सकता है, और उसके समान नहीं बन सकता है। उसके न्याय और ताड़ना ने हमारे भीतर यह उत्कंठा उत्पन्न की है कि हम ऐसे स्वभाव में अब और न रहें, और हमारे भीतर ऐसे स्वभाव तथा सार से जितना जल्दी हो सके छुटकारा पाने की, और आगे उसके द्वारा तिरस्कृत और उसके लिए घृणित न होने की इच्छा उत्पन्न की है। उसके न्याय और ताड़ना ने हमारे लिए उसके वचनों का आज्ञापालन करना, और अब उसके आयोजनों और व्यवस्थाओं के विरुद्ध विद्रोह न करना सुखद बनाया। उसके न्याय और ताड़ना ने हमें एक बार फिर जीवन की खोज करने की इच्छा दी है, और उसे हमारे उद्धारकर्ता के रूप में स्वीकार करने की प्रसन्नता दी है.... हम विजय के कार्य से बाहर निकल गए हैं, नरक से बाहर आ गए हैं, मृत्यु की छाया की घाटी से बाहर आ गए हैं.... सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर ने हमें, लोगों के इस समूह को जीत लिया है! उसने शैतान पर विजय पाई है, और अपने सभी शत्रुओं को पराजित कर दिया है!

 

"परमेश्वर के प्रकटन को उनके न्याय और ताड़ना में देखना" से

 

जब तुम राज्य के युग में देहधारी परमेश्वर के कार्य के प्रत्येक कदम का अनुभव प्राप्त कर लोगे, तब तुम अनुभव करोगे कि अनेक वर्षों की तुम्हारी आशाएँ अंततः साकार हो गयी हैं। तुम अनुभव करोगे कि केवल अब तुमने परमेश्वर को वास्तव में आमने-सामने देखा है, केवल अब ही तुमने परमेश्वर के चेहरे को निहारा है, परमेश्वर व्यक्तिगत कथन को सुना है, परमेश्वर के कार्य की बुद्धि की सराहना की है, और वास्तव में महसूस किया है कि परमेश्वर कितना वास्तविक और सर्वशक्तिमान है। तुम महसूस करोगे कि तुमने ऐसी बहुत सी चीजों को पाया है जिन्हें अतीत में लोगों ने कभी देखा या धारण नहीं किया था। इस समय, तुम संतुष्ट रूप में जान लोगे कि परमेश्वर पर विश्वास करना क्या है, और परमेश्वर के हृदय के अनुसरण में होना क्या है। निस्संदेह, यदि तुम अतीत के विचारों से जुड़े रहते हो और परमेश्वर के दूसरे देहधारण को अस्वीकार या इनकार करते हो, तब तुम खाली-हाथ रहोगे और कुछ नहीं पाओगे, और अंततः परमेश्वर का विरोध करने के दोषी होगे। वे जो सत्य का पालन करते हैं और परमेश्वर के कार्य के प्रति समर्पण करते हैं, वे दूसरे देहधारी परमेश्वर – सर्वशक्तिमान—के नाम के अधीन आएँगे। वे परमेश्वर से व्यक्तिगत मार्गदर्शन पाने में सक्षम होंगे, वे अधिक उच्चतर सत्य को प्राप्त करेंगे और वास्तविक मानव जीवन ग्रहण करेंगे।

 

"केवल वह जो परमेश्वर के कार्य को अनुभव करता है वही परमेवर में सच में विश्वास करता है" से

  

स्रोत: सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर की कलीसिया

उपयोग की शर्तें: hi.kingdomsalvation.org/disclaimer.html

Mémoire2cité il existe de nos jours, de nombreux photographes qui privilégient la qualité artistique de leurs travaux cartophiles. A vous de découvrir ces artistes inconnus aujourd’hui, mais qui seront peut-être les grands noms de demain. archipostcard.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2009-02-13T... - museedelacartepostale.fr/periode-semi-moderne/ - archipostalecarte.blogspot.com/ - museedelacartepostale.fr/blog/ - museedelacartepostale.fr/exposition-permanente/ - www.queenslandplaces.com.au/category/headwords/brisbane-c... - collection-jfm.fr/t/cartes-postales-anciennes/france#.XGe... - www.cparama.com/forum/la-collection-de-cpa-f1.html - www.dauphinomaniac.org/Cartespostales/Francaises/Cartes_F... - furtho.tumblr.com/archive

le Logement Collectif* 50,60,70's, dans tous ses états..Histoire & Mémoire d'H.L.M. de Copropriété Renouvellement Urbain-Réha-NPNRU., twitter.com/Memoire2cite tout içi sig.ville.gouv.fr/atlas/ZUS/ - media/InaEdu01827/la-creatio" rel="noreferrer nofollow">fresques.ina.fr/jalons/fiche-media/InaEdu01827/la-creatio Bâtir mieux plus vite et moins cher 1975 l'industrialisation du bâtiment et ses innovations : www.dailymotion.com/video/xyjudq?playlist=x34ije la préfabrication en usine www.dailymotion.com/video/xx6ob5?playlist=x34ije , le coffrage glissant www.dailymotion.com/video/x19lwab?playlist=x34ije ... De nouvelles perspectives sont nées dans l'industrie du bâtiment avec les principes de bases de l'industrialisation du bâtiment www.dailymotion.com/video/x1a98iz?playlist=x34ije ,

www.dailymotion.com/video/xk6xui?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/xk1dh2?playlist=x34ije : mécanisation, rationalisation et élaboration industrielle de la production. Des exemples concrets sont présentés afin d'illustrer l'utilisation des différentes innovations : les coffrages outils, coffrage glissant, le tunnel, des procédés pour accélérer le durcissement du béton. Le procédé dit de coffrage glissant est illustré sur le chantier des tours Pablo Picasso à Nanterre. Le principe est de s'affranchir des échafaudages : le coffrage épouse le contour du bâtiment, il s'élève avec la construction et permet de réaliser simultanément l'ensemble des murs verticaux. Au centre du plancher de travail, une grue distribue en continu le ferraillage et le béton. Sur un tel chantier les ouvriers se relaient 24h / 24 , www.dailymotion.com/video/xwytke?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/x1bci6m?playlist=x34ije

Le reportage se penche ensuite sur la préfabrication en usine. Ces procédés de préfabrication en usine selon le commentaire sont bien adaptés aux pays en voie de développement, cela est illustré dans le reportage par une réalisation en Libye à Benghazi. Dans la course à l'allégement des matériaux un procédé l'isola béton est présenté. Un chapitre sur la construction métallique explique les avantage de ce procédé. La fabrication de composants ouvre de nouvelles perspectives à l'industrie du bâtiment.

Lieux géographiques : la Grande Borne 91, le Vaudreuil 27, Avoriaz, Avenue de Flandres à Paris, tours Picasso à Nanterre, vues de la défense, Benghazi Libye

www.dailymotion.com/playlist/x34ije_territoiresgouv_cinem... - mémoire2cité - le monde de l'Architecture locative collective et bien plus encore - mémoire2cité - Bâtir mieux plus vite et moins cher 1975 l'industrialisation du bâtiment et ses innovations : www.dailymotion.com/video/xyjudq?playlist=x34ije la préfabrication en usine www.dailymotion.com/video/xx6ob5?playlist=x34ije , le coffrage glissant www.dailymotion.com/video/x19lwab?playlist=x34ije ... De nouvelles perspectives sont nées dans l'industrie du bâtiment avec les principes de bases de l'industrialisation du bâtiment www.dailymotion.com/video/x1a98iz?playlist=x34ije ,

Le Joli Mai (Restauré) - Les grands ensembles BOBIGNY l Abreuvoir www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUY9XzjvWHE … et la www.youtube.com/watch?v=hK26k72xIkU … www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCKF0HEsWWo …

Genève Le Grand Saconnex & la Bulle Pirate - architecte Marçel Lachat -

Un film de Julien Donada içi www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=4E723uQcpnU … … .Genève en 1970. pic.twitter.com/1dbtkAooLM è St-Etienne - La muraille de Chine, en 1973 ce grand immeuble du quartier de Montchovet, existait encore photos la Tribune/Progres.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJAylpe8G48 …, - la tour 80 HLM située au 1 rue Proudhon à Valentigney dans le quartier des Buis Cette tour emblématique du quartier avec ces 15 étages a été abattu par FERRARI DEMOLITION (68). VALENTIGNEY (25700) 1961 - Ville nouvelle-les Buis 3,11 mn www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_GvwSpQUMY … - Au nord-Est de St-Etienne, aux confins de la ville, se dresse une colline Montreynaud la ZUP de Raymond Martin l'architecte & Alexandre Chemetoff pour les paysages de St-Saens.. la vidéo içi * Réalisation : Dominique Bauguil www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sqfb27hXMDo … … - www.dailymotion.com/video/xk6xui?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/xk1dh2?playlist=x34ije : mécanisation, rationalisation et élaboration industrielle de la production. Des exemples concrets sont présentés afin d'illustrer l'utilisation des différentes innovations : les coffrages outils, coffrage glissant, le tunnel, des procédés pour accélérer le durcissement du béton. Le procédé dit de coffrage glissant est illustré sur le chantier des tours Pablo Picasso à Nanterre. Le principe est de s'affranchir des échafaudages : le coffrage épouse le contour du bâtiment, il s'élève avec la construction et permet de réaliser simultanément l'ensemble des murs verticaux. Au centre du plancher de travail, une grue distribue en continu le ferraillage et le béton. Sur un tel chantier les ouvriers se relaient 24h / 24 , www.dailymotion.com/video/xwytke?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/x1bci6m?playlist=x34ije

Le reportage se penche ensuite sur la préfabrication en usine. Ces procédés de préfabrication en usine selon le commentaire sont bien adaptés aux pays en voie de développement, cela est illustré dans le reportage par une réalisation en Libye à Benghazi. Dans la course à l'allégement des matériaux un procédé l'isola béton est présenté. Un chapitre sur la construction métallique explique les avantage de ce procédé. La fabrication de composants ouvre de nouvelles perspectives à l'industrie du bâtiment.

la Grande Borne 91, le Vaudreuil 27, Avoriaz, Avenue de Flandres à Paris, tours Picasso à Nanterre, vues de la défense, Benghazi Libye 1975 Réalisateur : Sydney Jézéquel, Karenty

la construction des Autoroutes en France - Les liaisons moins dangereuses 1972 www.dailymotion.com/video/xxi0ae?playlist=x34ije - Ministère de l'Équipement et de l'Aménagement du Territoire - Dotation par la France d'autoroutes modernes "nécessité vitale" pour palier à l'inadaptation du réseau routier de l'époque voué à la paralysie : le reportage nous montre des images d'embouteillages. Le ministre de l'Équipement et de l'Aménagement du Territoire dans les deux gouvernements de Pierre Messmer, de 1972 à 1974, Olivier Guichard explique les ambitions du programme de construction qui doit atteindre 800 km par ans en 1978. L'ouverture de section nouvelles va bon train : Nancy / Metz par exemple. Le reportage nous montre l'intérieur des bureaux d'études qui conçoivent ces autoroute dont la conception est assistée par ordinateurs dont le projet d'ensemble en 3D est visualisé sur un écran. La voix off nous informe sur le financement de ces équipements. Puis on peut voir des images de la construction du pont sur la Seine à Saint Cloud reliant l'autoroute de Normandie au périphérique, de l'échangeur de Palaiseau sur 4 niveau : record d'Europe précise le commentaire. Le reportage nous informe que des sociétés d'économies mixtes ont étés crées pour les tronçons : Paris / Lille, Paris / Marseille, Paris / Normandie. Pour accélérer la construction l’État a eu recours à des concessions privées par exemple pour le tronçon Paris / Chartres. "Les autoroutes changent le visage de la France : artères économiques favorisant le développement industriel elles permettent de revitaliser des régions en perte de vitesse et de l'intégrer dans le mouvement général de l'expansion" Sur le plan européen elles vont combler le retard de la France et réaliser son insertion. Images de l'inauguration de l'autoroute entre Paris et Bruxelles par le président Georges Pompidou. Le reportage rappel que l'autre fonction capitale des autoroute est de favoriser la sécurité. La question de la limitation de vitesse est posée au ministre de l’Équipement, qui n'y est favorable que sur certains tronçons. Un des facteur de sécurité selon le commentaire est l'humanisation des autoroutes : aires de repos, restaurants, signalisation touristiques... "Rien n'est impossible aux techniques modernes" nous apprend la voix off qui prend comme exemple le déplacement sur rail de 65 mètres d'un château classé afin de faire passer l'autoroute Lille / Dunkerque.Durée : 4 minutes 30 secondes

Sur les routes de France les ponts renaissent 1945 reconstruction de la France après la Seconde Guerre mondiale www.dailymotion.com/video/xuxrii?playlist=x34ije , Quelques mois après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, un triste constat s'impose : 5 944 passages sont coupés, soit plus de 110 km de brèches ; de nombreuses villes se trouvent isolées.Les chantiers s'activent dans toute la France pour "gagner la bataille des communications routières". Mais outre la pénurie de main d’œuvre, il faut faire face au manque de matériaux (béton, métal) et donc déployer des trésors d'imagination pour reconstruire les ponts détruits. Si le savoir faire des tailleurs de pierre est exploité, le plus spectaculaire est le relevage des ponts, comme le pont de Galliéni à Lyon, où 7 à 800 tonnes d'acier sont sorti de l'eau avec des moyens de l'époque. En avril 1945, il reste 5 700 ponts à reconstruire soit 200 000 tonnes d'acier, 600 000 tonnes de ciment, 250 000 m3 de bois, 10 millions de journées d'ouvrier, prix de l'effort de reconstruction.1945

Auteurs / réalisateurs : images : G.Delaunay, A.Pol, son : C.Gauguier Production : Direction Technique des Services des Ponts et Chaussées / Ministère des Travaux Publics et des Transports Support original : 16 mm noir et blanc Durée : 14 min Thèmes principaux : infrastructures-ouvrages d'art Mot clés : chantier, pont, Reconstruction, restauration, béton précontraint, ministère des travaux publics et des transports

Lieux : Lyon, Tournon, Caen - Le Bosquel, un village renait 1947 l'album cinématographique de la reconstruction, réalisation Paul de Roubaix production ministère de la Reconstruction et de l'Urbanisme, village prototype, architecte Paul Dufournet, www.dailymotion.com/video/xx5tx8?playlist=x34ije - Demain Paris 1959 dessin animé présentant l'aménagement de la capitale dans les années 60, Animation, dessin animé à vocation pédagogique visant à promouvoir la politique d’aménagement suivie dans les années 60 à Paris. Un raccourci historique sur l’extension de Paris du Moyen Âge au XIXe siècle (Lutèce, œuvres de Turgot, Napoléon, Haussmann), ce dessin animé retrace la naissance de la banlieue et de ses avatars au XXe siècle. Il annonce les grands principes d’aménagement des villes nouvelles et la restructuration du centre de Paris (référence implicite à la charte d’Athènes). Le texte est travaillé en rimes et vers. Une chanson du vieux Paris conclut poétiquement cette vision du futur. Thèmes principaux : Aménagement urbain / planification-aménagement régional Mots-clés : Banlieue, extension spatiale, histoire, quartier, ville, ville nouvelle Lieu géographique : Paris 75 Architectes ou personnalités : Eugène Haussmann, Napoléon, Turgot Réalisateurs : André Martin, Michel Boschet Production : les films Roger Leenhardt

www.dailymotion.com/video/xw6lak?playlist=x34ije - Rue neuve 1956 la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, villes, villages, grands ensembles réalisation : Jack Pinoteau , Panorama de la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, ce film de commande évoque les villes et villages français détruits puis reconstruits dans un style respectant la tradition : Saint-Malo, Gien, Thionville, Ammerschwihr, etc. ainsi que la reconstruction en rupture avec l'architecture traditionnelle à Châtenay-Malabry, Arles, Saint Étienne, Évreux, Chambéry, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Abbeville, Le Havre, Marseille, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Dunkerque. Le documentaire explique par exemple la manière dont a été réalisée la reconstruction de Saint-Malo à l'intérieur des rempart de la vieille ville : "c'est la fidélité à l'histoire et la force du souvenir qui a guidé l'architecte". Dans le même esprit à Gien, au trois quart détruite en 1940, seul le château construit en 1494 pour Anne de Beaujeu, fille aînée de Louis XI, fut épargné par les bombardements. La ville fut reconstruite dans le style des rares immeubles restant. Gien est relevé de ses ruines et le nouvel ensemble harmonieux est appelé « Joyau de la Reconstruction française ». Dans un deuxième temps est abordé le chapitre de la construction des cités et des grands ensembles, de l’architecture du renouveau qualifiée de "grandiose incontestablement". S’il est précisé "on peut aimer ou de ne pas aimer ce style", l’emporte au final l’argument suivant : les grands ensembles, c'est la campagne à la ville, un urbanisme plus aéré, plus vert." les films caravelles 1956, Réalisateur : Jack Pinoteau (connu pour être le metteur en scène du film Le Triporteur 1957 qui fit découvrir Darry Cowl) www.dailymotion.com/video/xuz3o8?playlist=x34ije , Film d'archive actualités de 1952 Reconstruction de la France sept ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale état des lieux de la crise du logement , Actualités de 1952. Sept ans après la fin de la seconde guerre Mondiale état des lieux de la reconstruction de la France et de la crise du logement à l’œuvre, pénurie de logement, logements insalubres. Les actualités montrent des images d'archives de la destruction de la France, les Chars de la division Leclerc qui défilent sur les Champs Elysees. Le commentaire dénonce la lenteur de la reconstruction et notamment des manifestations qui ont eu lieue à Royan afin d''accélérer la reconstruction de la ville détruite.Le film montre à Strasbourg, Mulhouse, des réalisation moderne de grands ensembles et des images d'archive de la reconstruction du Havre de Saint Nazaire.Le film se termine à Marseille sur les réalisation nouvelles autour du vieux port puis on assiste à l'inauguration de la Cité Radieuse par le ministre de la Reconstruction et de l'Urbanisme Eugène Claudius-Petit en présence de son architecte Le Corbusier à qui le ministre remet la cravate de commandeur de la légion d'honneur. www.dailymotion.com/video/xk1g5j?playlist=x34ije Brigitte Gros - Urbanisme - Filmer les grands ensembles 2016 - par Camille Canteux chercheuse au CHS -Centre d'Histoire Sociale - Jeanne Menjoulet - Ce film du CHS daté de 2014 www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDUBwVPNh0s … L'UNION SOCIALE POUR L'HABITAT le Musée des H.L.M. musee-hlm.fr/ union-habitat.org/ - EXPOSITION :LES 50 ANS DE LA RESIDENCe SALMSON POINT-Du JOUR www.salmsonlepointdujour.fr/pdf/Exposition_50_ans.pdf - Sotteville Construction de l’Anjou, le premier immeuble de la Zone Verte sottevilleaufildutemps.fr/2017/05/04/construction-de-limm... - www.20minutes.fr/paris/diaporama-7346-photo-854066-100-an... - www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/11/02/940025-140-ans-en-arc... dreux-par-pierlouim.over-blog.com/article-chamards-1962-9... missionphoto.datar.gouv.fr/fr/photographe/7639/serie/7695...

Leicester Pride 2018 Ten Years Parade and Victoria Park Photographs martinbrookes.blogspot.com/2018/09/leicester-pride-2018-t... #pride #leicester #parade #gay #lgbt #leicesterpride

[crosseye stereograph, see 3D with your right eye on the left image, and left on right.]

 

Southern Pacific Railway Post Office #12, Travel Town, Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California

 

This narrowgauge truck set, cast in Sacramento, CA by Southern Pacific, is one of two designs of 're-gauge-able' trucks on display inside the Travel Town Museum building. The wheels can be detatched from the replaceable axle by four bolts within the inside face, and a new beam can be cut from wood for the bolster support and kingpin. The sliding bearings on the end of each axle predated roller or ball bearings, and could generate a great deal of heat from friction. Hopefully the grease packed under the hinged covers was warm enough to liquify and penetrate the bearing gap. One of the primary reasons a caboose had bay windows or a coupula above, and it's placement at the end of the train, was to keep a vigilant watch for the "hotbox" - an improperly lubricated bearing would cause excessive wear, or start a fire!

Notice that there are no springs in this design, any spring action is from the steel and wood supports.

 

The axles and crossblocks on this Southern Pacific Railway Post Office #12 bogie truck are fabricated of wood a design to facilitate re-gauging this 3' narrow-gauge truck to standard gauge 4'8½". The trucks are unsprung, which is to say the design does not incorporate springs, and there is a very narrow bolster around the kingpin. So, in addition to feeling every gap in the uneven and wavy rail, swaying and rocking was magnified at speeds above 12 miles per hour - working to precisely sort mail along the route was a very uncomfortable occupation.

 

SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY POST OFFICE #12

 

BUILT: c.1880 BY CARTER BROTHERS

WEIGHT: 13 TONS

LENGTH: 43'

DONATED: 1960 BY SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD

 

This pre-20th Century, wooden car was put to a variety of uses by its owners: caboose, baggage car, railway postal car, and most notably, a baggage-mail combination. Mail transportation by rail had existed as long as the railroads themselves. In Britain, mail was already being sorted within rail cars in the late 1830's. This practice was imitated on a few American railroads, but came into widespread use only after the Civil War. Perhaps no more efficient mail system could have existed than that of the railway postal system. Both local and long-distance trains included a car equipped with pigeonholes, sorting bags and tables, cancellation stamps, and one or more frenzied clerks trying to sort a bag of mail picked up at one station, before arriving at the next station each would be only ten or twenty minutes down the road. Early in their history, these railway postal cars (RPO's) shared space with express baggage service. Later, as the system grew more elaborate, entire 60- or 80-foot RPO cars were specially built for that purpose, and resembled small versions of a post office.

 

As with other aspects of railroading, RPO cars and their clerks have a lore all their own. The metal arms which swung out from the side of the car to catch a hanging mail bag when the train was not scheduled to stop at a station are collectors items, as are any existing cancellation stamps. Clerks carried guns for protection against outlaws wanting to steal the mail. In the first decades, clerks worked on cars furnished either with fire-causing wood stoves or without any heat at all. Doors could not be left open for security reasons, so the cars were barely ventilated in the summer heat. If they

had toilet facilities at all, they were crude and rarely private. Sometimes a lone clerk, sometimes a handful of men tripping over and stepping on each other, slaved at sorting and canceling mail, catching a new bag every twenty minutes, and simultaneously kicking off a bag sorted for that stop.

 

By the 1960's, railway mail, like railway passenger service and some railway freight service, was failing in favor of air transport of mail. The last RPO ran between Washington D. C. and New York in June 30, 1977.

 

dsc00673, 34.154469,-118.307759, 2009.10.18 16.40.54, 3D, Los Angeles, Griffith Park, Travel Town, Southern Pacific Railway Post Office #12, Trucks.jpg

Biennalist :

Biennalist is an Art Format commenting on active biennials and managed cultural events through artworks.Biennalist takes the thematics of the biennales and similar events like festivals and conferences seriously, questioning the established structures of the staged art events in order to contribute to the debate, which they wish to generate.

-------------------------------------------

links about Biennalist :

 

Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Room_(art)

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

—--Biennale from wikipedia —--

 

The Venice International Film Festival is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.

Biennale (Italian: [bi.enˈnaːle]), Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years. It is most commonly used within the art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions. As such the term was popularised by Venice Biennale, which was first held in 1895. Since the 1990s, the terms "biennale" and "biennial" have been interchangeably used in a more generic way - to signify a large-scale international survey show of contemporary art that recurs at regular intervals but not necessarily biannual (such as triennials, Documenta, Skulptur Projekte Münster).[1] The phrase has also been used for other artistic events, such as the "Biennale de Paris", "Kochi-Muziris Biennale", Berlinale (for the Berlin International Film Festival) and Viennale (for Vienna's international film festival).

Characteristics[edit]

According to author Federica Martini, what is at stake in contemporary biennales is the diplomatic/international relations potential as well as urban regeneration plans. Besides being mainly focused on the present (the “here and now” where the cultural event takes place and their effect of "spectacularisation of the everyday"), because of their site-specificity cultural events may refer back to,[who?] produce or frame the history of the site and communities' collective memory.[2]

 

The Great Exhibition in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, the first attempt to condense the representation of the world within a unitary exhibition space.

A strong and influent symbol of biennales and of large-scale international exhibitions in general is the Crystal Palace, the gigantic and futuristic London architecture that hosted the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to philosopher Peter Sloterdijk,[3][page needed] the Crystal Palace is the first attempt to condense the representation of the world in a unitary exhibition space, where the main exhibit is society itself in an a-historical, spectacular condition. The Crystal Palace main motives were the affirmation of British economic and national leadership and the creation of moments of spectacle. In this respect, 19th century World fairs provided a visual crystallization of colonial culture and were, at the same time, forerunners of contemporary theme parks.

The Venice Biennale as an archetype[edit]

 

The structure of the Venice Biennale in 2005 with an international exhibition and the national pavilions.

The Venice Biennale, a periodical large-scale cultural event founded in 1895, served as an archetype of the biennales. Meant to become a World Fair focused on contemporary art, the Venice Biennale used as a pretext the wedding anniversary of the Italian king and followed up to several national exhibitions organised after Italy unification in 1861. The Biennale immediately put forth issues of city marketing, cultural tourism and urban regeneration, as it was meant to reposition Venice on the international cultural map after the crisis due to the end of the Grand Tour model and the weakening of the Venetian school of painting. Furthermore, the Gardens where the Biennale takes place were an abandoned city area that needed to be re-functionalised. In cultural terms, the Biennale was meant to provide on a biennial basis a platform for discussing contemporary art practices that were not represented in fine arts museums at the time. The early Biennale model already included some key points that are still constitutive of large-scale international art exhibitions today: a mix of city marketing, internationalism, gentrification issues and destination culture, and the spectacular, large scale of the event.

Biennials after the 1990s[edit]

The situation of biennials has changed in the contemporary context: while at its origin in 1895 Venice was a unique cultural event, but since the 1990s hundreds of biennials have been organized across the globe. Given the ephemeral and irregular nature of some biennials, there is little consensus on the exact number of biennials in existence at any given time.[citation needed] Furthermore, while Venice was a unique agent in the presentation of contemporary art, since the 1960s several museums devoted to contemporary art are exhibiting the contemporary scene on a regular basis. Another point of difference concerns 19th century internationalism in the arts, that was brought into question by post-colonial debates and criticism of the contemporary art “ethnic marketing”, and also challenged the Venetian and World Fair’s national representation system. As a consequence of this, Eurocentric tendency to implode the whole word in an exhibition space, which characterises both the Crystal Palace and the Venice Biennale, is affected by the expansion of the artistic geographical map to scenes traditionally considered as marginal. The birth of the Havana Biennial in 1984 is widely considered an important counterpoint to the Venetian model for its prioritization of artists working in the Global South and curatorial rejection of the national pavilion model.

International biennales[edit]

In the term's most commonly used context of major recurrent art exhibitions:

Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, South Australia

Asian Art Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Athens Biennale, in Athens, Greece

Bienal de Arte Paiz, in Guatemala City, Guatemala[4]

Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale (Arts in Marrakech Festival)

Bamako Encounters, a biennale of photography in Mali

Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism

Beijing Biennale

Berlin Biennale (contemporary art biennale, to be distinguished from Berlinale, which is a film festival)

Bergen Assembly (triennial for contemporary art in Bergen, Norway)www.bergenassembly.no

Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China

Bienal de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Biënnale van België, Biennial of Belgium, Belgium

BiennaleOnline Online biennial exhibition of contemporary art from the most promising emerging artists.

Biennial of Hawaii Artists

Biennale de la Biche, the smallest biennale in the world held at deserted island near Guadeloupe, French overseas region[5][6]

Biwako Biennale [ja], in Shiga, Japan

La Biennale de Montreal

Biennale of Luanda : Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace,[7] Angola

Boom Festival, international music and culture festival in Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal

Bucharest Biennale in Bucharest, Romania

Bushwick Biennial, in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York

Canakkale Biennial, in Canakkale, Turkey

Cerveira International Art Biennial, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal [8]

Changwon Sculpture Biennale in Changwon, South Korea

Dakar Biennale, also called Dak'Art, biennale in Dakar, Senegal

Documenta, contemporary art exhibition held every five years in Kassel, Germany

Estuaire (biennale), biennale in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, France

EVA International, biennial in Limerick, Republic of Ireland

Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, in Gothenburg, Sweden[9]

Greater Taipei Contemporary Art Biennial, in Taipei, Taiwan

Gwangju Biennale, Asia's first and most prestigious contemporary art biennale

Havana biennial, in Havana, Cuba

Helsinki Biennial, in Helsinki, Finland

Herzliya Biennial For Contemporary Art, in Herzliya, Israel

Incheon Women Artists' Biennale, in Incheon, South Korea

Iowa Biennial, in Iowa, USA

Istanbul Biennial, in Istanbul, Turkey

International Roaming Biennial of Tehran, in Tehran and Istanbul

Jakarta Biennale, in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jerusalem Biennale, in Jerusalem, Israel

Jogja Biennale, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Karachi Biennale, in Karachi, Pakistan

Keelung Harbor Biennale, in Keelung, Taiwan

Kochi-Muziris Biennale, largest art exhibition in India, in Kochi, Kerala, India

Kortrijk Design Biennale Interieur, in Kortrijk, Belgium

Kobe Biennale, in Japan

Kuandu Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Lagos Biennial, in Lagos, Nigeria[10]

Light Art Biennale Austria, in Austria

Liverpool Biennial, in Liverpool, UK

Lofoten International Art Festival [no] (LIAF), on the Lofoten archipelago, Norway[11]

Manifesta, European Biennale of contemporary art in different European cities

Mediations Biennale, in Poznań, Poland

Melbourne International Biennial 1999

Mediterranean Biennale in Sakhnin 2013

MOMENTA Biennale de l'image [fr] (formerly known as Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal), in Montreal, Canada

MOMENTUM [no], in Moss, Norway[12]

Moscow Biennale, in Moscow, Russia

Munich Biennale, new opera and music-theatre in even-numbered years

Mykonos Biennale

Nakanojo Biennale[13]

NGV Triennial, contemporary art exhibition held every three years at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

October Salon – Belgrade Biennale [sr], organised by the Cultural Center of Belgrade [sr], in Belgrade, Serbia[14]

OSTEN Biennial of Drawing Skopje, North Macedonia[15]

Biennale de Paris

Riga International Biennial of Contemporary Art (RIBOCA), in Riga, Latvia[16]

São Paulo Art Biennial, in São Paulo, Brazil

SCAPE Public Art Christchurch Biennial in Christchurch, New Zealand[17]

Prospect New Orleans

Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism

Sequences, in Reykjavík, Iceland[18]

Shanghai Biennale

Sharjah Biennale, in Sharjah, UAE

Singapore Biennale, held in various locations across the city-state island of Singapore

Screen City Biennial, in Stavanger, Norway

Biennale of Sydney

Taipei Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Taiwan Arts Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Taiwan Film Biennale, in Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, U.S.A.

Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art [el], in Thessaloniki, Greece[19]

Dream city, produced by ART Rue Association in Tunisia

Vancouver Biennale

Visayas Islands Visual Arts Exhibition and Conference (VIVA ExCon) in the Philippines [20]

Venice Biennale, in Venice, Italy, which includes:

Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art

Venice Biennale of Architecture

Venice Film Festival

Vladivostok biennale of Visual Arts, in Vladivostok, Russia

Whitney Biennial, hosted by the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City, NY, USA

Web Biennial, produced with teams from Athens, Berlin and Istanbul.

West Africa Architecture Biennale,[21] Virtual in Lagos, Nigeria.

WRO Biennale, in Wrocław, Poland[22]

Music Biennale Zagreb

[SHIFT:ibpcpa] The International Biennale of Performance, Collaborative and Participatory Arts, Nomadic, International, Scotland, UK.

 

—---Venice Biennale from wikipedia —

 

The Venice Biennale (/ˌbiːɛˈnɑːleɪ, -li/; Italian: La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.[2][3][4] The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of its kind. The main exhibition held in Castello, in the halls of the Arsenale and Biennale Gardens, alternates between art and architecture (hence the name biennale; biennial).[5][6][7] The other events hosted by the Foundation—spanning theatre, music, and dance—are held annually in various parts of Venice, whereas the Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido.[8]

Organization[edit]

Art Biennale

Art Biennale

International Art Exhibition

1895

Even-numbered years (since 2022)

Venice Biennale of Architecture

International Architecture Exhibition

1980

Odd-numbered years (since 2021)

Biennale Musica

International Festival of Contemporary Music

1930

Annually (Sep/Oct)

Biennale Teatro

International Theatre Festival

1934

Annually (Jul/Aug)

Venice Film Festival

Venice International Film Festival

1932

Annually (Aug/Sep)

Venice Dance Biennale

International Festival of Contemporary Dance

1999

Annually (June; biennially 2010–16)

  

International Kids' Carnival

2009

Annually (during Carnevale)

  

History

1895–1947

On April 19, 1893, the Venetian City Council passed a resolution to set up an biennial exhibition of Italian Art ("Esposizione biennale artistica nazionale") to celebrate the silver anniversary of King Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy.[11]

A year later, the council decreed "to adopt a 'by invitation' system; to reserve a section of the Exhibition for foreign artists too; to admit works by uninvited Italian artists, as selected by a jury."[12]

The first Biennale, "I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice)" (although originally scheduled for April 22, 1894) was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia. The first exhibition was seen by 224,000 visitors.

The event became increasingly international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries installed national pavilions at the exhibition, with the first being from Belgium. In 1910 the first internationally well-known artists were displayed: a room dedicated to Gustav Klimt, a one-man show for Renoir, a retrospective of Courbet. A work by Picasso "Family of Saltimbanques" was removed from the Spanish salon in the central Palazzo because it was feared that its novelty might shock the public. By 1914 seven pavilions had been established: Belgium (1907), Hungary (1909), Germany (1909), Great Britain (1909), France (1912), and Russia (1914).

During World War I, the 1916 and 1918 events were cancelled.[13] In 1920 the post of mayor of Venice and president of the Biennale was split. The new secretary general, Vittorio Pica brought about the first presence of avant-garde art, notably Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

1922 saw an exhibition of sculpture by African artists. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists had their work exhibited there. In 1928 the Istituto Storico d'Arte Contemporanea (Historical Institute of Contemporary Art) opened, which was the first nucleus of archival collections of the Biennale. In 1930 its name was changed into Historical Archive of Contemporary Art.

In 1930, the Biennale was transformed into an Ente Autonomo (Autonomous Board) by Royal Decree with law no. 33 of 13-1-1930. Subsequently, the control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist government under Benito Mussolini. This brought on a restructuring, an associated financial boost, as well as a new president, Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. Three entirely new events were established, including the Biennale Musica in 1930, also referred to as International Festival of Contemporary Music; the Venice Film Festival in 1932, which they claim as the first film festival in history,[14] also referred to as Venice International Film Festival; and the Biennale Theatro in 1934, also referred to as International Theatre Festival.

In 1933 the Biennale organized an exhibition of Italian art abroad. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.

During World War II, the activities of the Biennale were interrupted: 1942 saw the last edition of the events. The Film Festival restarted in 1946, the Music and Theatre festivals were resumed in 1947, and the Art Exhibition in 1948.[15]

1948–1973[edit]

The Art Biennale was resumed in 1948 with a major exhibition of a recapitulatory nature. The Secretary General, art historian Rodolfo Pallucchini, started with the Impressionists and many protagonists of contemporary art including Chagall, Klee, Braque, Delvaux, Ensor, and Magritte, as well as a retrospective of Picasso's work. Peggy Guggenheim was invited to exhibit her collection, later to be permanently housed at Ca' Venier dei Leoni.

1949 saw the beginning of renewed attention to avant-garde movements in European—and later worldwide—movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism was introduced in the 1950s, and the Biennale is credited with importing Pop Art into the canon of art history by awarding the top prize to Robert Rauschenberg in 1964.[16] From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennale's exhibition spaces.

In 1954 the island San Giorgio Maggiore provided the venue for the first Japanese Noh theatre shows in Europe. 1956 saw the selection of films following an artistic selection and no longer based upon the designation of the participating country. The 1957 Golden Lion went to Satyajit Ray's Aparajito which introduced Indian cinema to the West.

1962 included Arte Informale at the Art Exhibition with Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Emilio Vedova, and Pietro Consagra. The 1964 Art Exhibition introduced continental Europe to Pop Art (The Independent Group had been founded in Britain in 1952). The American Robert Rauschenberg was the first American artist to win the Gran Premio, and the youngest to date.

The student protests of 1968 also marked a crisis for the Biennale. Student protests hindered the opening of the Biennale. A resulting period of institutional changes opened and ending with a new Statute in 1973. In 1969, following the protests, the Grand Prizes were abandoned. These resumed in 1980 for the Mostra del Cinema and in 1986 for the Art Exhibition.[17]

In 1972, for the first time, a theme was adopted by the Biennale, called "Opera o comportamento" ("Work or Behaviour").

Starting from 1973 the Music Festival was no longer held annually. During the year in which the Mostra del Cinema was not held, there was a series of "Giornate del cinema italiano" (Days of Italian Cinema) promoted by sectorial bodies in campo Santa Margherita, in Venice.[18]

1974–1998[edit]

1974 saw the start of the four-year presidency of Carlo Ripa di Meana. The International Art Exhibition was not held (until it was resumed in 1976). Theatre and cinema events were held in October 1974 and 1975 under the title Libertà per il Cile (Freedom for Chile)—a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

On 15 November 1977, the so-called Dissident Biennale (in reference to the dissident movement in the USSR) opened. Because of the ensuing controversies within the Italian left wing parties, president Ripa di Meana resigned at the end of the year.[19]

In 1979 the new presidency of Giuseppe Galasso (1979-1982) began. The principle was laid down whereby each of the artistic sectors was to have a permanent director to organise its activity.

In 1980, the Architecture section of the Biennale was set up. The director, Paolo Portoghesi, opened the Corderie dell'Arsenale to the public for the first time. At the Mostra del Cinema, the awards were brought back into being (between 1969 and 1979, the editions were non-competitive). In 1980, Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale.[13]

The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva. In 1995, Jean Clair was appointed to be the Biennale's first non-Italian director of visual arts[20] while Germano Celant served as director in 1997.

For the Centenary in 1995, the Biennale promoted events in every sector of its activity: the 34th Festival del Teatro, the 46th art exhibition, the 46th Festival di Musica, the 52nd Mostra del Cinema.[21]

1999–present[edit]

In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artists than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.

In 1999 a new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre).

The 50th edition, 2003, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.

The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.

In 2007, Robert Storr became the first director from the United States to curate the Biennale (the 52nd), with a show entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense.

Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum was artistic director of the 2009 edition entitled "Fare Mondi // Making Worlds".

The 2011 edition was curated by Swiss curator Bice Curiger entitled "ILLUMInazioni – ILLUMInations".

The Biennale in 2013 was curated by the Italian Massimiliano Gioni. His title and theme, Il Palazzo Enciclopedico / The Encyclopedic Palace, was adopted from an architectural model by the self-taught Italian-American artist Marino Auriti. Auriti's work, The Encyclopedic Palace of the World was lent by the American Folk Art Museum and exhibited in the first room of the Arsenale for the duration of the biennale. For Gioni, Auriti's work, "meant to house all worldly knowledge, bringing together the greatest discoveries of the human race, from the wheel to the satellite," provided an analogous figure for the "biennale model itself...based on the impossible desire to concentrate the infinite worlds of contemporary art in a single place: a task that now seems as dizzyingly absurd as Auriti's dream."[22]

Curator Okwui Enwezor was responsible for the 2015 edition.[23] He was the first African-born curator of the biennial. As a catalyst for imagining different ways of imagining multiple desires and futures Enwezor commissioned special projects and programs throughout the Biennale in the Giardini. This included a Creative Time Summit, e-flux journal's SUPERCOMMUNITY, Gulf Labor Coalition, The Invisible Borders Trans-African Project and Abounaddara.[24][25]

The 2017 Biennale, titled Viva Arte Viva, was directed by French curator Christine Macel who called it an "exhibition inspired by humanism".[26] German artist Franz Erhard Walter won the Golden Lion for best artist, while Carolee Schneemann was awarded a posthumous Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.[27]

The 2019 Biennale, titled May You Live In Interesting Times, was directed by American-born curator Ralph Rugoff.[28]

The 2022 edition was curated by Italian curator Cecilia Alemani entitled "The Milk of Dreams" after a book by British-born Mexican surrealist painter Leonora Carrington.[29]

The Biennale has an attendance today of over 500,000 visitors.[30][31][32]

Role in the art market[edit]

When the Venice Biennale was founded in 1895, one of its main goals was to establish a new market for contemporary art. Between 1942 and 1968 a sales office assisted artists in finding clients and selling their work,[33] a service for which it charged 10% commission. Sales remained an intrinsic part of the biennale until 1968, when a sales ban was enacted. An important practical reason why the focus on non-commodities has failed to decouple Venice from the market is that the biennale itself lacks the funds to produce, ship and install these large-scale works. Therefore, the financial involvement of dealers is widely regarded as indispensable;[16] as they regularly front the funding for production of ambitious projects.[34] Furthermore, every other year the Venice Biennale coincides with nearby Art Basel, the world's prime commercial fair for modern and contemporary art. Numerous galleries with artists on show in Venice usually bring work by the same artists to Basel.[35]

Central Pavilion and Arsenale[edit]

The formal Biennale is based at a park, the Giardini. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.

Initiated in 1980, the Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists. From 1999, both the international exhibition and the Aperto were held as one exhibition, held both at the Central Pavilion and the Arsenale. Also in 1999, a $1 million renovation transformed the Arsenale area into a cluster of renovated shipyards, sheds and warehouses, more than doubling the Arsenale's exhibition space of previous years.[36]

A special edition of the 54th Biennale was held at Padiglione Italia of Torino Esposizioni – Sala Nervi (December 2011 – February 2012) for the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification. The event was directed by Vittorio Sgarbi.[37]

National pavilions[edit]

Main article: National pavilions at the Venice Biennale

The Giardini houses 30 permanent national pavilions.[13] Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Giardini are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various countries participating in the Biennale. The first nation to build a pavilion was Belgium in 1907, followed by Germany, Britain and Hungary in 1909.[13] The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their ministries of culture.[38]

Countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini are exhibited in other venues across Venice. The number of countries represented is still growing. In 2005, China was showing for the first time, followed by the African Pavilion and Mexico (2007), the United Arab Emirates (2009), and India (2011).[39]

The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion, established and emerging countries represented at the biennial maintain and fund their pavilions in different ways.[38] While pavilions are usually government-funded, private money plays an increasingly large role; in 2015, the pavilions of Iraq, Ukraine and Syria were completely privately funded.[40] The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council[41] while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State which, since 1985, has been the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.[42] The countries at the Arsenale that request a temporary exhibition space pay a hire fee per square meter.[38]

In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia and Slovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, eleven new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegowina, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada,[43] Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[44] In 2019, four countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Ghana, Madagascar, Malaysia, and Pakistan.[45]

As well as the national pavilions there are countless "unofficial pavilions"[46] that spring up every year. In 2009 there were pavilions such as the Gabon Pavilion and a Peckham pavilion. In 2017 The Diaspora Pavilion bought together 19 artists from complex, multinational backgrounds to challenge the prevalence of the nation state at the Biennale.[47]

The Internet Pavilion (Italian: Padiglione Internet) was founded in 2009 as a platform for activists and artists working in new media.[48][49][50] Subsequent editions were held since,[51] 2013,[51] in conjunction with the biennale.[52]

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twitter.com/Memoire2cite Les 30 Glorieuses . com et la carte postale.. Il existe de nos jours, de nombreux photographes qui privilégient la qualité artistique de leurs travaux cartophiles. A vous de découvrir ces artistes inconnus aujourd’hui, mais qui seront peut-être les grands noms de demain.(Mémoire2Ville) #chercheur #archiviste #maquettiste dans l #histoire des #logementssociaux #logement #HLM #logementsocial #Patrimoine À Saint-Étienne comme ailleurs, les raisons de la réalisation de constructions si modernes durant les Trente Glorieuses relèvent en partie de la réponse donnée à la crise du logement et de la réorganisation industrielle du pays (fixation de la main-d’œuvre, industrialisation du BTP). Mais il faut aussi y voir la traduction physique d’un projet sociopolitique moderne porté par un État centralisateur et des pouvoirs publics puissants (Tomas et al. 2003 ; Dufaux et Fourcaut 2004 ; Veschambre 2011). Le pays est alors dans une période où les aspirations et idéologies portent vers la construction d’une nouvelle ère urbaine, avec ses ambitions (le bien-être, l’hygiène…), et en rupture avec les difficultés d’alors (le taudis, la maladie, l’individualisme…). www.metropolitiques.eu/Les-representations-complexes-des.... les textes de Rachid KADDOUR @ Le logement, jusqu’ici inconfortable et insuffisant, devient l’un des axes majeurs d’intervention : plus de huit millions d’unités sont construites durant la période. La forme de ces logements se doit d’être aussi moderne que le projet. De grands noms et une nouvelle génération d’architectes sont mobilisés. Ceux-ci dessinent des formes géométriques épurées et, dans les opérations importantes, les évolutions techniques leur permettent de multiplier les signaux que sont les longues barres ou hautes tours autour desquelles se structurent les autres immeubles. Comment la tour Plein-Ciel a-t-elle pu passer de symbole de modernité à « emblème d’un désastre urbain » condamné à la démolition ? Tout d’abord, une partie des équipements de la ZUP et la moitié seulement des logements sont réalisés, du fait de prévisions démographiques non atteintes (Vant 1981 ; Tomas et al. 2003). L’inachèvement accentue les désagréments de la situation à six kilomètres du centre, derrière des infrastructures lourdes. Ensuite, tout au long des années 1980 et 1990, la population de Montreynaud se paupérise (départ des plus aisés vers la propriété, montée du chômage) et « s’ethnicise », avec pour effet, suivant des mécanismes analysés ailleurs (Tissot 2003 ; Masclet 2005), que le regard porté sur elle change : dans les discours politiques et la presse, Montreynaud acquiert l’image d’un quartier dangereux. Dès lors, le quartier entre dans les réhabilitations puis la rénovation [6], mais sans effet important sur la vacance, la pauvreté, l’échec scolaire, la délinquance ou les discriminations. Pour de nombreux Stéphanois, il devient un « là‑haut » [7] relégué. La tour devient le symptôme visible de cette dégradation. Des rumeurs se diffusent dès les années 1970 sur sa stabilité et l’isolation du château d’eau [8]. Dix ans après sa livraison, seuls 50 des 90 appartements sont vendus. Cette vacance conduit à l’aménagement d’un « foyer de logements » pour personnes dépendantes psychiatriques qui accentue l’image d’un quartier de relégation. La gestion difficile du foyer et les problèmes financiers d’une partie des propriétaires amènent à classer la copropriété comme « fragile » en 2002. Une étude indique que la démolition « aurait un impact positif sur la requalification du parc de logements du quartier et permettrait également de promouvoir un changement d’image du site » [9]. Le dernier habitant est relogé fin 2008. Acte 3 : la tour Plein-Ciel, monument symbole de Saint-Étienne D’autres images du corpus indiquent toutefois que, à partir des années 2000, l’image stigmatisée de la tour Plein-Ciel comme emblème d’un grand ensemble en difficulté entre en tension avec une autre image plus valorisante d’édifice symbole de Saint-Étienne. En en faisant l’un des théâtres stéphanois de sa saga, Sabri Louatah reconnaît à la tour Plein-Ciel une place particulière dans la ville. Cette représentation se retrouve, de manière beaucoup plus consciente et militante, dans d’autres productions artistiques durant les années 2000. La tour est notamment représentée sur les affiches du festival Gaga Jazz. Si le festival se veut d’ampleur régionale, son nom montre un ancrage stéphanois – le « gaga » désigne le parler local. Le choix d’identité visuelle va dans le même sens : il s’agit « d’utiliser l’image d’un bâtiment symbole à Saint-Étienne » [10]. Pour les graphistes, la tour s’impose, parce qu’elle est « un monument connu de tous les Stéphanois ». Un monument qui a les honneurs d’une carte postale en 1987 [11], et qui, comme il se doit, est abondamment photographié. Jacques Prud’homme, par exemple, la montre sur plusieurs sténopés visibles sur son blog [12]. Pour lui aussi, la tour est l’un des « symboles de Saint-Étienne ». Saint-Étienne, ville industrielle durement frappée par la crise du logement, est exemplaire du mouvement. Les grands ensembles s’y multiplient. Implantés sur des sommets de collines aux entrées de la ville, ils doivent signifier le renouveau. Montreynaud, « nouvelle petite ville à part entière » [3], joue de ce point de vue un rôle clé. Sa tour, en sommet de colline et dont le château d’eau est illuminé la nuit, en est l’emblème, un « symbole de la modernité » [4]. La tour doit son nom au fait de proposer « des appartements en plein-ciel » [5], et l’on peut voir dans cette dénomination une valorisation de la verticalité, à la fois comme source d’oxygène et de lumière, mais aussi comme signal urbain.

Acte 2 : la tour Plein-Ciel, symbole d’un grand ensemble en difficulté Si l’on classe chronologiquement le corpus d’images identifiées, la tour Plein-Ciel ressurgit significativement dans les champs de la communication institutionnelle et des arts au tournant des années 2000‑2010. Dans la littérature, l’intrigue de la saga Les Sauvages de Sabri Louatah débute à Saint-Étienne, et la tour Plein-Ciel en est un cadre important :

Pourquoi la tour Plein-Ciel a-t-elle pu être ainsi considérée comme « un monument ancré dans le paysage stéphanois » [13] ? La combinaison peut-être unique en France d’une tour d’habitation à un château d’eau en fait un édifice singulier. Couplée avec son implantation en sommet de colline, cette singularité fait de la tour un point de repère important pour les Stéphanois, mais aussi pour les nombreux supporters de l’AS Saint-Étienne qui se rendent au stade, dont elle est voisine. D’ailleurs, la tour est utilisée comme édifice emblème de la ville sur au moins un autocollant et un tifo de supporters, aux côtés des symboles miniers (chevalement, « crassiers ») et du stade Geoffroy-Guichard. Cette représentation faisant de la tour un « monument » aurait pu sauver l’édifice, suivant un mécanisme, classique dans l’histoire du patrimoine, de défense devant une menace de démolition. De nombreux Stéphanois réagissent, et, pour l’association Gaga Jazz, « les affiches et flyers invitant les Stéphanois aux concerts de jazz font aussi office d’actes de revendication pour la conservation ». La nouvelle équipe municipale socialiste de Maurice Vincent, élue en 2008, reconnaît que la tour « représente un symbole » [14]. Elle soumet en 2010 au vote des habitants de Montreynaud deux possibilités : développer la valeur et la fonction de repère de la tour en la transformant en « symbole artistique de la ville de Saint-Étienne » [15] via l’intervention d’un plasticien, ou bien la démolir et aménager un parc : 71 % des votants se prononcent pour la démolition, soit 230 personnes sur les 318 votants. Les défenseurs de la conservation expriment un double regret : l’ouverture du vote aux seuls habitants de Montreynaud, et la très faible mobilisation de ces derniers. La démolition de la tour a lieu le 24 novembre 2011. Son foudroyage la met une dernière fois sous les projecteurs des nombreux appareils audiovisuels présents. Les images produites s’ajoutent à celles existantes, et constituent autant de traces d’un immeuble dont il n’en reste plus aucune sur le terrain. Cette fin dramatique donne à cette chronique des allures de représentation théâtrale, en trois actes : naissance puis mort de l’édifice, avec un ultime soubresaut sous la forme d’une tentative vaine de sauvetage au nom du patrimoine. C’est une troisième définition du terme de représentation qui est mobilisée dans cette conclusion. Ce sont en effet des représentations, en images et en mots, qui ont permis de constituer cette chronique de la tour. Cette dernière révèle que trois représentations mentales sont associées à l’édifice et à sa verticalité : pour la puissance publique ayant commandé sa réalisation et pour les premiers résidents, la tour est un symbole de modernité ; pour une partie des Stéphanois, mais aussi pour les acteurs ayant décidé sa démolition, elle est l’emblème d’un grand ensemble stigmatisé ; et enfin, pour d’autres Stéphanois, habitants de Montreynaud ou artistes entre autres, la tour est un objet phare et patrimonial dans le paysage de Saint-Étienne. Aux côtés, par exemple, de la Tour panoramique à la Duchère (à Lyon), qui a été profondément rénovée, cette mise en évidence de la trajectoire des perceptions de la tour Plein-Ciel permet d’expliciter que la verticalité dont nos villes ont hérité, tout du moins celle présente dans les grands ensembles, fait l’objet d’un système de représentations complexe et en tout cas plus varié que celui présenté dans les discours de légitimation de la rénovation urbaine.

Bibliographie Dufaux, F. et Fourcaut A. (dir.). 2004. Le Monde des grands ensembles, Paris : Créaphis.

Louatah, S. 2011. Les Sauvages, tome 1, Paris : Flammarion–Versilio. Masclet, O. 2005. « Du “bastion” au “ghetto”, le communisme municipal en butte à l’immigration », Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, n° 159, p. 10‑25.

Tissot, S. 2003. « De l’emblème au “problème”, histoire des grands ensembles dans une ville communiste », Les Annales de la recherche urbaines, n° 93, p. 123‑129.

Tomas, F., Blanc, J.-N. et Bonilla, M. 2003. Les Grands Ensembles, une histoire qui continue, Saint-Étienne : Publications de l’université de Saint-Étienne.

Vant, A. 1981. Imagerie et urbanisation, recherches sur l’exemple stéphanois, Saint-Étienne : Centre d’études foréziennes. Veschambre, V. 2011. « La rénovation urbaine dans les grands ensembles : de la monumentalité à la banalité ? », in Iosa, I. et Gravari-Barbas, M. (dir.), Monumentalité(s) urbaine(s) aux XIXe et XXe siècles. Sens, formes et enjeux urbains, Paris : L’Harmattan, p. 193‑206.

Notes

[1] Extraits tirés du film Saint-Étienne, on en parle (Atlantic Film, 1970) associé à l’exposition.

[2] Dont Les grands travaux à Saint-Étienne, ville de Saint-Étienne, 1974.

[3] Brochure publicitaire Montreynaud, Saint-Étienne, résidence les Hellènes, non daté.

[4] Propos tenus par un habitant installé dès l’époque.

[5] Brochure publicitaire Des appartements en plein-ciel. La tour de Montreynaud, non daté.

[6] Avec, dans un premier temps, le grand projet de ville (GPV) en 2001, puis la convention avec l’Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine (ANRU) en 2005.

[7] Expression régulièrement entendue lors des entretiens.

[8] « Le château d’eau : mille m³ qui ne fuiront pas », La Tribune, 17 novembre 1978, p. 14.

[9] Lettre d’information aux habitants de Montreynaud, ville de Saint-Étienne, mai 2003.

[10] Entretien avec Damien et Sébastien Murat (DMS photo), graphistes.[14] Propos de l’adjoint à l’urbanisme, « Tour Plei

« La tour Plein-Ciel se dressait avec une majesté sinistre au sommet de la colline de Montreynaud […]. À l’aube du XXIe siècle, sa démolition avait été plébiscitée par les riverains […]. La célèbre tour au bol était visible depuis la gare en arrivant de Lyon, et beaucoup de Stéphanois la considéraient […] comme le point doublement culminant de la ville : du haut de ses soixante-quatre mètres qui dominaient les six autres collines mais aussi en tant qu’emblème, d’un désastre urbain éclatant et d’une ville résignée à la désindustrialisation » (Louatah 2011, p. 89).Cette description exprime bien la situation dans laquelle la tour se trouve à la rédaction du roman : en attente de démolition. En 2011, les photographies de Pierre Grasset (voir un exemple ci-dessous), missionné par la ville, montrent l’édifice moribond. L’image de la tour est en France encore fortement attachée à celle du logement populaire, du fait notamment de la présence de ce type d’édifice dans les grands ensembles. Or, si l’on parle des tours d’habitat populaire depuis 2003, c’est essentiellement à propos des démolitions : l’Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine (ANRU) incite les bailleurs à détruire prioritairement dans les zones urbaines sensibles les immeubles les plus imposants, dont les tours les plus hautes. Mais l’image négative du « problème des banlieues » et de ses dysfonctionnements est-elle la seule associée aux tours d’habitat populaire ? Ne tend-elle pas à laisser dans l’ombre d’autres représentations attachées à ces édifices ?Une réflexion sur la tour Plein-Ciel à Saint-Étienne est, sur ces points, riche d’enseignements. Tenant une place prépondérante dans le paysage stéphanois, emblématique de l’image des grands ensembles, cette tour édifiée en 1972 est démolie en 2011. La constitution et l’analyse d’un corpus d’une dizaine d’images promotionnelles et artistiques (films, photographies de communication) la mettant en scène permet d’en établir une chronique. Cette dernière met en évidence un système de représentations complexe : tout au long de ses quarante ans d’histoire, l’édifice est en effet perçu comme symbole de modernité, emblème de grand ensemble en difficulté et monument dans le paysage stéphanois. Ces deux dernières représentations, l’une stigmatisée, l’autre valorisée, coexistent même lors des dernières années de la vie de l’édifice. Dans toutes ces représentations différenciées et concurrentes, la verticalité de l’édifice tient un rôle essentiel.Acte 1 : la tour Plein-Ciel, symbole de modernité L’image la plus ancienne identifiée date de 1970. Il s’agit d’un cliché de la maquette de la zone à urbaniser en priorité (ZUP) de Montreynaud, pris sur le stand de l’exposition « Saint-Étienne demain » de la Foire économique. Cette exposition vante les grandes opérations d’urbanisme en cours dans la ville, et vise à montrer « les transformations de la cité et son nouveau visage », afin de rompre avec la « légende de ville noire, industrielle et fixée dans le XIXe siècle » [1]. L’exposition fait partie d’une communication orchestrée par le maire Michel Durafour (1964‑1977). À partir de 1973, les reportages photographiques ou les films [2] mettent à l’honneur Montreynaud (jusqu’à 4 400 logements prévus) et en particulier sa tour Plein-Ciel (par l’architecte Raymond Martin), avec sa verticalité (18 niveaux), le château d’eau qui la coiffe et sa situation en rupture avec la ville ancienne. -La Tour Réservoir Plein Ciel était un immeuble de logement situé à Saint-Étienne, dans le quartier de Montreynaud, classé en zone urbaine sensible. Elle culminait à 63 mètres de haut (92 avec l'antenne).

La tour avait été construite en 1972 par l'architecte Raymond Martin, l'antenne de 63 mètres de haut reste jusqu'en 1992 avant de retour en 1996 afin de répondre à la demande considérable en logements. Elle était considérée comme un symbole du quartier. Visible de loin, elle permettait de repérer le quartier dans la ville.Sa destruction a été effectuée le 24 novembre 2011 à 10 h 45 par foudroyage, après le vote majoritaire (73 %) en faveur. --------------------------------------- Sotteville Construction de l’Anjou, le premier immeuble de la Zone Verte sottevilleaufildutemps.fr/2017/05/04/construction-de-limm... - www.20minutes.fr/paris/diaporama-7346-photo-854066-100-an... - www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/11/02/940025-140-ans-en-arc... dreux-par-pierlouim.over-blog.com/article-chamards-1962 ..missionphoto.datar.gouv.fr/fr/photographe/7639/serie/7695... Mémoire2cité Mémoire2Ville Mémoire de l'Habitat,içi la page listant mes 43 albums photos disponibles, çe x 1000 pour chacuns d'entre eux ..Merci aux 5859 followers qui porte une attention particuliere à nos quartiers..la Grande Borne 91, le Vaudreuil 27, Avoriaz, Avenue de Flandres à Paris, tours Picasso à Nanterre, vues de la défense, Benghazi Libye 1975 Réalisateur : Sydney Jézéquel, Karenty

Ministère de l'Équipement et de l'Aménagement du Territoire - Dotation par la France d'autoroutes modernes "nécessité vitale" pour palier à l'inadaptation du réseau routier de l'époque voué à la paralysie : le reportage nous montre des images d'embouteillages. Le ministre de l'Équipement et de l'Aménagement du Territoire dans les deux gouvernements de Pierre Messmer, de 1972 à 1974, Olivier Guichard explique les ambitions du programme de construction qui doit atteindre 800 km par ans en 1978. L'ouverture de section nouvelles va bon train : Nancy / Metz par exemple. Le reportage nous montre l'intérieur des bureaux d'études qui conçoivent ces autoroute dont la conception est assistée par ordinateurs dont le projet d'ensemble en 3D est visualisé sur un écran. La voix off nous informe sur le financement de ces équipements. Puis on peut voir des images de la construction du pont sur la Seine à Saint Cloud reliant l'autoroute de Normandie au périphérique, de l'échangeur de Palaiseau sur 4 niveau : record d'Europe précise le commentaire. Le reportage nous informe que des sociétés d'économies mixtes ont étés crées pour les tronçons : Paris / Lille, Paris / Marseille, Paris / Normandie. Pour accélérer la construction l’État a eu recours à des concessions privées par exemple pour le tronçon Paris / Chartres. "Les autoroutes changent le visage de la France : artères économiques favorisant le développement industriel elles permettent de revitaliser des régions en perte de vitesse et de l'intégrer dans le mouvement général de l'expansion" Sur le plan européen elles vont combler le retard de la France et réaliser son insertion. Images de l'inauguration de l'autoroute entre Paris et Bruxelles par le président Georges Pompidou. Le reportage rappel que l'autre fonction capitale des autoroute est de favoriser la sécurité. La question de la limitation de vitesse est posée au ministre de l’Équipement, qui n'y est favorable que sur certains tronçons. Un des facteur de sécurité selon le commentaire est l'humanisation des autoroutes : aires de repos, restaurants, signalisation touristiques... "Rien n'est impossible aux techniques modernes" nous apprend la voix off qui prend comme exemple le déplacement sur rail de 65 mètres d'un château classé afin de faire passer l'autoroute Lille / Dunkerque.Durée : 4 minutes 30 secondes Sur les routes de France les ponts renaissent 1945 reconstruction de la France après la Seconde Guerre mondiale www.dailymotion.com/video/xuxrii?playlist=x34ije , Quelques mois après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, un triste constat s'impose : 5 944 passages sont coupés, soit plus de 110 km de brèches ; de nombreuses villes se trouvent isolées.Les chantiers s'activent dans toute la France pour "gagner la bataille des communications routières". Mais outre la pénurie de main d’œuvre, il faut faire face au manque de matériaux (béton, métal) et donc déployer des trésors d'imagination pour reconstruire les ponts détruits. Si le savoir faire des tailleurs de pierre est exploité, le plus spectaculaire est le relevage des ponts, comme le pont de Galliéni à Lyon, où 7 à 800 tonnes d'acier sont sorti de l'eau avec des moyens de l'époque. En avril 1945, il reste 5 700 ponts à reconstruire soit 200 000 tonnes d'acier, 600 000 tonnes de ciment, 250 000 m3 de bois, 10 millions de journées d'ouvrier, prix de l'effort de reconstruction.1945

Auteurs / réalisateurs : images : G.Delaunay, A.Pol, son : C.Gauguier Production : Direction Technique des Services des Ponts et Chaussées / Ministère des Travaux Publics et des Transports Support original : 16 mm noir et blanc Durée : 14 min Thèmes principaux : infrastructures-ouvrages d'art Mot clés : chantier, pont, Reconstruction, restauration, béton précontraint, ministère des travaux publics et des transportsLieux : Lyon, Tournon, Caen - Le Bosquel, un village renait 1947 l'album cinématographique de la reconstruction, réalisation Paul de Roubaix production ministère de la Reconstruction et de l'Urbanisme, village prototype, architecte Paul Dufournet, www.dailymotion.com/video/xx5tx8?playlist=x34ije - Demain Paris 1959 dessin animé présentant l'aménagement de la capitale dans les années 60, Animation, dessin animé à vocation pédagogique visant à promouvoir la politique d’aménagement suivie dans les années 60 à Paris. Un raccourci historique sur l’extension de Paris du Moyen Âge au XIXe siècle (Lutèce, œuvres de Turgot, Napoléon, Haussmann), ce dessin animé retrace la naissance de la banlieue et de ses avatars au XXe siècle. Il annonce les grands principes d’aménagement des villes nouvelles et la restructuration du centre de Paris (référence implicite à la charte d’Athènes). Le texte est travaillé en rimes et vers. Une chanson du vieux Paris conclut poétiquement cette vision du futur. Thèmes principaux : Aménagement urbain / planification-aménagement régional Mots-clés : Banlieue, extension spatiale, histoire, quartier, ville, ville nouvelle Lieu géographique : Paris 75 Architectes ou personnalités : Eugène Haussmann, Napoléon, Turgot Réalisateurs : André Martin, Michel Boschet Production : les films Roger Leenhardt

www.dailymotion.com/video/xw6lak?playlist=x34ije - Rue neuve 1956 la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, villes, villages, grands ensembles réalisation : Jack Pinoteau , Panorama de la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, ce film de commande évoque les villes et villages français détruits puis reconstruits dans un style respectant la tradition : Saint-Malo, Gien, Thionville, Ammerschwihr, etc. ainsi que la reconstruction en rupture avec l'architecture traditionnelle à Châtenay-Malabry, Arles, Saint Étienne, Évreux, Chambéry, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Abbeville, Le Havre, Marseille, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Dunkerque. Le documentaire explique par exemple la manière dont a été réalisée la reconstruction de Saint-Malo à l'intérieur des rempart de la vieille ville : "c'est la fidélité à l'histoire et la force du souvenir qui a guidé l'architecte". Dans le même esprit à Gien, au trois quart détruite en 1940, seul le château construit en 1494 pour Anne de Beaujeu, fille aînée de Louis XI, fut épargné par les bombardements. La ville fut reconstruite dans le style des rares immeubles restant. Gien est relevé de ses ruines et le nouvel ensemble harmonieux est appelé « Joyau de la Reconstruction française ». Dans un deuxième temps est abordé le chapitre de la construction des cités et des grands ensembles, de l’architecture du renouveau qualifiée de "grandiose incontestablement". S’il est précisé "on peut aimer ou de ne pas aimer ce style", l’emporte au final l’argument suivant : les grands ensembles, c'est la campagne à la ville, un urbanisme plus aéré, plus vert." les films caravelles 1956, Réalisateur : Jack Pinoteau (connu pour être le metteur en scène du film Le Triporteur 1957 qui fit découvrir Darry Cowl) www.dailymotion.com/video/xuz3o8?playlist=x34ije , Levittown: The Construction and Systematic Execution of Discrimination in Modern Suburbia (NHD 2018) www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_KrD6PkX0M … … 17000 maisons en 2 ans un record dans l histoire des annees 60 @ la grande Acceleration @ Un point de bascule avec le changement de regime d'existence les 30 glorieuses americaine @ la constructions de masse.., ici LEVITTOWN a LONGISLAND, 17000 pavillons en 2 ans un Record...Yes this is it my Our Home Town: Levittown, PA (1954) - www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_KrD6PkX0M les 30 glorieuses atomique @ le projet PLOWSHARE de 1957 LE FILM ICI www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpjFU_kBaBE … STRAUSS le promoteur du nucleaire Americain les 30 glorieuses Américaine @ quand celles çi ratent le coche sur le developpement solaire... les occasions manquées de soigner notre humanité..www.dailymotion.com/video/xuxrii?playlist=x34ije Lyon, Tournon, Caen - Le Bosquel, un village renait 1947 l'album cinématographique de la reconstruction, réalisation Paul de Roubaix production ministère de la Reconstruction et de l'Urbanisme, village prototype, architecte Paul Dufournet, www.dailymotion.com/video/xx5tx8?playlist=x34ije - Demain Paris 1959 dessin animé présentant l'aménagement de la capitale dans les années 60, Animation, dessin animé à vocation pédagogique visant à promouvoir la politique d’aménagement suivie dans les années 60 à Paris. Un raccourci historique sur l’extension de Paris du Moyen Âge au XIXe siècle (Lutèce, œuvres de Turgot, Napoléon, Haussmann), ce dessin animé retrace la naissance de la banlieue et de ses avatars au XXe siècle. Il annonce les grands principes d’aménagement des villes nouvelles et la restructuration du centre de Paris (référence implicite à la charte d’Athènes). Le texte est travaillé en rimes et vers. Une chanson du vieux Paris conclut poétiquement cette vision du futur. Thèmes principaux : Aménagement urbain / planification-aménagement régional Mots-clés : Banlieue, extension spatiale, histoire, quartier, ville, ville nouvelle Lieu géographique : Paris 75 Architectes ou personnalités : Eugène Haussmann, Napoléon, Turgot Réalisateurs : André Martin, Michel Boschet Production : les films Roger Leenhardt

www.dailymotion.com/video/xw6lak?playlist=x34ije - Rue neuve 1956 la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, villes, villages, grands ensembles réalisation : Jack Pinoteau , Panorama de la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, ce film de commande évoque les villes et villages français détruits puis reconstruits dans un style respectant la tradition : Saint-Malo, Gien, Thionville, Ammerschwihr, etc. ainsi que la reconstruction en rupture avec l'architecture traditionnelle à Châtenay-Malabry, Arles, Saint Étienne, Évreux, Chambéry, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Abbeville, Le Havre, Marseille, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Dunkerque. Le documentaire explique par exemple la manière dont a été réalisée la reconstruction de Saint-Malo à l'intérieur des rempart de la vieille ville : "c'est la fidélité à l'histoire et la force du souvenir qui a guidé l'architecte". Dans le même esprit à Gien, au trois quart détruite en 1940, seul le château construit en 1494 pour Anne de Beaujeu, fille aînée de Louis XI, fut épargné par les bombardements. La ville fut reconstruite dans le style des rares immeubles restant. Gien est relevé de ses ruines et le nouvel ensemble harmonieux est appelé « Joyau de la Reconstruction française ». Dans un deuxième temps est abordé le chapitre de la construction des cités et des grands ensembles, de l’architecture du renouveau qualifiée de "grandiose incontestablement". S’il est précisé "on peut aimer ou de ne pas aimer ce style", l’emporte au final l’argument suivant : les grands ensembles, c'est la campagne à la ville, un urbanisme plus aéré, plus vert." les films caravelles 1956, Réalisateur : Jack Pinoteau (connu pour être le metteur en scène du film Le Triporteur 1957 qui fit découvrir Darry Cowl) www.dailymotion.com/video/xuz3o8?playlist=x34ije - www.dailymotion.com/video/xk1g5j?playlist=x34ije Brigitte Gros - Urbanisme - Filmer les grands ensembles 2016 - par Camille Canteux chercheuse au CHS -Centre d'Histoire Sociale - Jeanne Menjoulet - Ce film du CHS daté de 2014 www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDUBwVPNh0s … L'UNION SOCIALE POUR L'HABITAT le Musée des H.L.M. musee-hlm.fr/ union-habitat.org/ - EXPOSITION :LES 50 ANS DE LA RESIDENCe SALMSON POINT-Du JOUR www.salmsonlepointdujour.fr/pdf/Exposition_50_ans.pdf - Sotteville Construction de l’Anjou, le premier immeuble de la Zone Verte sottevilleaufildutemps.fr/2017/05/04/construction-de-limm... - www.20minutes.fr/paris/diaporama-7346-photo-854066-100-an... - www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/11/02/940025-140-ans-en-arc... dreux-par-pierlouim.over-blog.com/article-chamards-1962-9... missionphoto.datar.gouv.fr/fr/photographe/7639/serie/7695.. A partir des années 1950, le trafic de la banlieue parisienne suit l’urbanisation galopante et les dessertes ferroviaires doivent s’adapter et se moderniser.Quelques amateurs ont su immortaliser un monde ferroviaire qui était alors en voie de disparition. Dans ce film, nous retrouvons les dessertes 750 volts par troisième rail en rames « Standard » sur les lignes de Versailles-RD, sur la ligne d’Auteuil et entre Puteaux et Issy-Plaine mais aussi les derniers trains à vapeur à St Lazare, à La Bastille et sur le Nord et quelques ultimes voyages sur les lignes de Ceinture --------------De la révolution industrielle à aujourd’hui, un décryptage minutieux de la course au développement qui a marqué le point de départ de l’ère de l'anthropocène (ou l'ère de l'Homme) et de la déterioration continue de la planète. www.arte.tv/fr/videos/073938-000-A/l-homme-a-mange-la-terre/ Quelque 1 400 milliards de tonnes de CO2 sont aujourd’hui prisonnières de la basse atmosphère. Réchauffement climatique, déforestation, inondations, épuisement des ressources, pollutions, déchets radioactifs... : en deux siècles, la course au progrès et à la croissance a durablement altéré la planète, la crise environnementale se doublant d’une rupture géologique, avec l’avènement de l’ère anthropocène. Portée par l’exploitation des énergies fossiles – du charbon de la révolution industrielle en Angleterre au tout-pétrole de la domination économique des États-Unis –, l’industrialisation et ses corollaires, taylorisme et colonialisme, entraînent une exponentielle production de masse. Un processus qu’accélère la Première Guerre mondiale, les firmes chimiques mobilisées pour tuer l’ennemi se reconvertissant dans la destruction du vivant avec les herbicides, insecticides et fertilisants de l’agriculture intensive. Alors que l’urbanisation s’étend, la voiture, qui sonne le glas du tramway, se généralise, et l’Amérique s’inspire du modèle autoroutier nazi. La Seconde Guerre mondiale engendre une nouvelle organisation du travail, laquelle devient la norme, et annonce l’ère nucléaire de la guerre froide. Dans sa démesure, l’homme rêve déjà d’usages civils de l’atome (y compris pour l’abattement de montagnes et la dissolution des calottes glaciaires !). Le plastique et le béton deviennent les piliers de la consommation de masse, dévoreuse de matières premières et antidote à la contestation sociale, jusqu’à la révolution numérique. Liaisons dangereuses En balayant, avec de formidables archives issues du monde entier, deux siècles de progrès jusqu’à l’ère du big data, le film remonte aux sources de la crise écologique, en interrogeant avec précision les enjeux scientifiques, économiques et politiques qui y ont conduit. Fourmillant d’informations, il éclaire l’histoire de cette marche folle, et les liaisons dangereuses entre industries militaire et civile. Entre capitalisme et mondialisation imposés par les grandes puissances, un décryptage passionnant du basculement dans l’anthropocène, funeste asservissement de la nature par l’homme. le Logement Collectif* 50,60,70's dans tous ses états..Histoire & Mémoire de l'Habitat / Rétro-Villes / HLM / Banlieue / Renouvellement Urbain / Urbanisme URBANISME S’imaginer Paris et le Grand Paris @ Les 50ans d'Apur (link: 50ans.apur.org/#intro) 50ans.apur.org/#intro @ Où en est l'histoire urbaine des sociétés contemporaines ? Cet ouvrage, inspiré par Annie Fourcaut, qui contribua de manière décisive à son développement, propose un état des lieux de ce champ et explore des pistes de recherche ouvrant l'histoire urbaine à une variété de " genres ". Où en est l'histoire urbaine des sociétés contemporaines ? Cet ouvrage, inspiré par Annie Fourcaut, qui contribua de manière décisive à son développement, propose un état des lieux de ce champ. De Femmes à l'usine (1981), Bobigny, banlieue rouge (1986), à La banlieue en morceaux (2000), en passant par les publications collectives qu'elle a coordonnées et les travaux qu'elle a encadrés, la trajectoire de cette historienne a conduit l'histoire sociale et politique – telle qu'on la pratiquait dans les années 1970 – vers une histoire urbaine renouvelée. Le livre revient sur cette évolution et explore des pistes de recherche ouvrant l'histoire urbaine à une variété de " genres ". Les auteurs, historiennes et historiens, sociologues, politistes, géographes, architectes, urbanistes et décideurs politiques proposent une histoire urbaine à la fois interdisciplinaire et ancrée dans la fabrique de la ville et ses représentations, portant la marque de sa dédicataire.Les quatre sections de l'ouvrage dessinent les chantiers qu'Annie Fourcaut a investis : " Du social à l'urbain " met en avant la conviction qu'étudier l'histoire des villes, c'est toujours faire de l'histoire sociale ; " Qu'elle était belle la banlieue " est centré sur les banlieues, son territoire d'étude de prédilection ; " Les habits neufs des politiques de la ville " interroge les politiques urbaines successives et leur transformation ; enfin, " Banc d'essai des modernités " propose une analyse historique de l'urbanisme, comme discipline et comme pratique. www.benjamingibeaux.fr/portfolio/petite-histoire-de-lhabi... Le Label « Patrimoine du XXe siècle » créé en 1999 par le ministère de la Culture et de la Communication a pour but de faire connaître l’architecture de cette période. La comparaison des labellisations réalisées par les DRAC d’Île-de-France et d’Occitanie (ex Languedoc-Roussillon et de Midi-Pyrénées) montre la variété des méthodes employées pour rendre compte soit de l’importance numérique des édifices remarquables soit de la difficulté à établir ce corpus et de la nécessité de s’appuyer sur les inventaires ou études thématiques ou monographiques. Si l’attribution du label, désormais appelé "Architecture contemporaine remarquable" s’est faite depuis vingt ans de façon très diverse selon les régions, elle est toujours l’occasion de mettre en lumière et de porter à la connaissance du public des œuvres architecturales remarquables, notamment via une augmentation impressionnante des publications de qualité sur l'architecture du XXe siècle. En 1999, le ministère de la Culture et de la Communication propose la mise en place d’un nouvel outil pour permettre la reconnaissance et la sauvegarde des constructions élevées au cours du siècle qui s’achève. Le label « Patrimoine du XXe siècle » est une déclinaison nationale de la recommandation du conseil de l’Europe sur la prise en compte de l’architecture du XXe siècle. Ce dernier évoque, pour la conservation de ce patrimoine « moins reconnu », une absence d’intérêt « en raison de sa proximité dans l’Histoire, de l’abondance de ses témoignages et de son caractère hétérogène » et sa crainte de « pertes irréparables »2 . Le label mis en place par la France vise à appeler « l’attention des décideurs, des aménageurs, mais aussi et surtout de ses usagers et du public sur les productions remarquables de ce siècle » Chargées de mettre en place le label, les directions régionales des affaires culturelles (Drac), services déconcentrés du ministère de la Culture, ont à cette date déjà construit, chacune à sa manière, leur approche de la préservation du patrimoine du XXe siècle. Elles s’emparent alors diversement du label, appliquant de facto des labellisations aux immeubles de ce siècle déjà protégés au titre des monuments historiques4 ou mettant en place de véritables stratégies pour répondre pleinement aux attendus de la directive nationale. À partir de nos expériences, il nous a paru intéressant de montrer la diversité de la mise en place du label dans trois Drac parmi d’autres, l’Île-de-France ainsi que Languedoc-Roussillon et Midi-Pyrénées qui composent aujourd’hui la région Occitanie5. Pour chacune de ces Drac, il s’agit de montrer comment la connaissance de ce patrimoine, mais aussi ses particularités territoriales ont joué un rôle important dans le choix des méthodologies de sélection des œuvres à labelliser ainsi que la détermination de critères, et de présenter les résultats et les actions de valorisation menées pour faire connaître et apprécier ces créations architecturales récentes. Le label « Patrimoine du XXe siècle » en Île-de-France : gérer l’abondance La Drac Île-de-France s’est emparée tardivement du label « Patrimoine du XXe siècle », pour plusieurs raisons. Parmi les freins à l’action, il faut citer la question du pilotage de la mise en place du label entre différents services de la Drac, les interrogations liées à l’opportunité de ce nouveau dispositif et un relatif scepticisme quant à son efficacité, l’ampleur de la tâche au vu du corpus concerné, le plus important de France en quantité et sans doute en qualité, mais surtout l’engagement pris de longue date par cette Drac et les membres de sa commission régionale du patrimoine et des sites (CRPS) en faveur du patrimoine du XXe siècle. En effet, c’est sans doute dans cette région que l’on protège le plus grand nombre d’édifices contemporains au titre des monuments historiques : dans la première décennie du XXIe siècle, selon les années, 50 à 70 % des protections concernent des édifices construits au siècle précédent. Ainsi, ce nouveau dispositif, dépourvu de dispositions contraignantes, étranger à la culture de la conservation régionale des monuments historiques (CRMH) dont l’action est liée à la protection, peinait à démontrer son intérêt au regard de ce qu’offre la législation sur les monuments historiques. Cependant, au vu de l’enjeu que constitue la préservation de l’architecture contemporaine en Île-de-France, lié à la fois à l’ampleur de la production et aux évolutions urbaines et réglementaires constantes engageant sa conservation, la question de la mise en place du label était régulièrement posée à la Drac. Pilotée par la CRMH, la première expérience de labellisation y fut menée en 2004. Elle s’inscrivait dans la suite de l’étude menée par le groupe d’experts dirigé par Bernard Toulier, conservateur du Patrimoine au département du pilotage de la recherche et de la politique scientifique du ministère de la Culture, qui avait produit une liste d’édifices du XXe siècle repérés en bibliographie, inventaire devant servir de base à la constitution de propositions de labellisations. Selon la méthode suivie par ce groupe d’experts, on fit le choix de présenter tous les immeubles concernés regroupés par larges typologies. Les membres de la CRPS, devant lesquels fut présentée cette liste d’édifices, rejetèrent en bloc la sélection où voisinaient l’aérogare 1 de l’aéroport Roissy-Charles de Gaulle et la modeste mairie du 17e arrondissement de Paris présentée à la demande de son maire, arguant de l’impossibilité à valider le choix d’édifices que rien ne rapprochait. De plus, nombre des immeubles retenus étaient candidats à la protection au titre des monuments historiques, brouillant de fait l’identité du label et réfutant du même coup la conception un temps énoncée du label comme « antichambre » de la protection. En effet, si la grande qualité de la plupart des édifices sélectionnés montrait toute la richesse des créations contemporaines franciliennes, la seule présentation des plus remarquables d’entre eux résultait d’une absence de sélection argumentée, selon l’esprit du label. La présentation de cette première liste en CRPS tourna donc court. - La question des critères de sélection a été débattue à la lumière de l’expérience de la labellisa (...) En 2008, toujours sous l’impulsion du service des monuments historiques, une nouvelle orientation fut prise. Un pilotage, un groupe de travail, un objectif furent mis en place. Trois orientations furent définies : selon les recommandations de la CRMH de la région PACA, procéder par thématiques typologiques, méthode propice à l’élaboration de critères de sélection ; cibler un patrimoine déprécié ou en danger, pour répondre parfaitement aux attendus de la directive européenne ; pour cette première campagne de labellisation, choisir un champ vierge de reconnaissance patrimoniale, éloigné de la protection au titre des monuments historiques afin d’éviter toute confusion entre les édifices labellisés et les édifices protégés. Le thème des ensembles de logements, nombreux dans cette région, s’est naturellement dégagé. À géométrie variable, le groupe de travail dirigé par la cellule protection était formé d’un premier cercle pérenne, garant de la cohérence de la démarche de labellisation et des choix des thématiques, et d’un second, composé de spécialistes de chaque thématique retenue. Le premier cercle était constitué d’agents de la Drac (conservation des monuments historiques, service architecture, un architecte des bâtiments de France, chargé de faire le lien avec l’ensemble des services départementaux de l’architecture et du patrimoine de la région), de représentants du monde universitaire et de la recherche dans le domaine de l’architecture du XXe siècle.

Pour les ensembles de logements, le second cercle du groupe de travail a permis d’associer des acteurs de terrain, des représentants des bailleurs sociaux, des experts. Le sujet fut restreint chronologiquement (1945-1975), son acception précisée (habitat collectif et individuel) et le corpus, basé sur les inventaires existants et la bibliographie, fut établi à partir des critères élaborés par le groupe de travail : histoire, forme urbaine, valeur d’usage, technique, style - Composée d’environ un tiers de ses membres, la délégation permanente est une émanation de la CRPS (...) De façon exceptionnelle, la liste des ensembles de logements fut en premier lieu présentée devant les membres de la délégation permanente de la CRPS7 pour en valider les orientations et s’assurer de l’adhésion des membres, à la fois pour ne pas risquer de réitérer l’expérience malheureuse de 2004 mais surtout pour interroger la commission sur le bien-fondé à distinguer ces ensembles de logements d'après-guerre, constructions parmi les plus décriées du XXe siècle.

La méthodologie proposée a conduit à la labellisation d’une première série d’immeubles, quarante ensembles de logements en 2010 (fig. 2, 3), puis d’une seconde série de soixante-quinze lieux de culte en 2011 (fig. 4, 5). Les critères peuvent être adaptés ou précisés selon le thème retenu : pour les édifices religieux, la qualité et l’originalité du décor furent ajoutés et la valeur d’usage exclue.La méthode choisie a été vertueuse : elle a permis de labelliser un grand nombre d’édifices, d’associer largement les services patrimoniaux de l’État et des collectivités, de créer des synergies avec l’université et les chercheurs, de valoriser l’action de l’État par des présentations en CRPS, des publications, des journées d’études, des expositions, actions relayées par la presse généraliste et spécialisée8 (fig. 6 et 7). Un partenariat pérenne s’est développé avec l’éditeur Beaux-Arts pour la publication de chaque campagne de labellisation, avec diffusion en kiosque au plus près du public concerné pour un prix inférieur à 15 €. Elle a également permis d’impliquer les acteurs de terrain, répondant ainsi à l’objectif visé de sensibilisation du public à cette architecture mal aimée Depuis 2016, la Drac Île-de-France a conduit trois nouvelles campagnes, toutes thématiques, fondées sur des partis méthodologiques diversifiés, adaptés aux sujets d’étude.

- Note méthodologique « Étude du patrimoine du XXe siècle de la métropole du Grand Paris », La manu (...) - La loi relative à la liberté de la création, à l’architecture et au patrimoine (LCAP) promulguée (...) Une campagne vise à identifier les édifices et ensembles contribuant à structurer le territoire de la récente métropole du Grand Paris. L’établissement d’une critériologie et la sélection ont été confiés à un bureau d’études, la Manufacture du patrimoine, associé à un groupe de travail conduit par la Drac. Des critères dits généraux, divisés en critères primaires et complémentaires, ont été retenus. Pour la thématique étudiée, se sont ajoutés sept critères spécifiques répondant aux enjeux de « l’émergence et du rayonnement de la métropole »10. Les grands travaux présidentiels ont été concernés dans un premier temps, aboutissant à la labellisation de dix édifices en novembre 2016, avant une présentation plus large d’édifices emblématiques, retenus pour l’obtention d’un label « Architecture contemporaine remarquable »11 en juin 2018.

- Introduite par la loi relative à la liberté de la création, à l’architecture et au patrimoine (LC (...) De façon innovante, la Drac a conclu un partenariat avec l’école nationale supérieure d’architecture (ENSA) Paris-Belleville avec laquelle elle s’est associée dès l’élaboration du premier label (colloque, exposition, travaux avec l’IPRAUS). Le thème choisi, inscrit dans la droite ligne du précédent, s’attache à l’étude des villes nouvelles. Par son caractère récent et spécifique dans l’histoire de la planification urbaine, cet objet d’étude implique une nouvelle approche, menée dans le cadre d’une convention triennale de chaire partenariale avec l’ENSA Paris-Belleville. La méthodologie s’appuie sur la grille d’analyse habituellement employée par la Drac, enrichie pour inclure davantage l’espace public. Des édifices de la ville d’Évry (Essonne), qui manifesta en 2016 son souhait de voir son patrimoine labellisé, ont été présentés en novembre 2018 aux membres de la commission régionale de l’architecture et du patrimoine (CRPA)12 en vue d’une labellisation.- Valérie Gaudard remercie vivement Mmes Agnès Chauvin, cheffe du bureau de la protection, et Maria (...)Enfin, le champ de l’architecture scolaire est abordé dès 2010. Au vu de l’immensité du corpus, la Drac a choisi en 2016 de s’attacher dans un premier temps aux lycées, en lien avec le service de l’Inventaire de la région Île-de-France Le label en Languedoc-Roussillon : une succession d’opportunités V- La Poste Art Nouveau de Tuchan, l’hôtel du Belvédère à Cerbère. - Certains construits vers 1900 relèvent davantage d’une esthétique encore XIXe comme la villa Las (...) - Le 3 octobre 2001, une CRPS dédiée a examiné onze propositions de protection, dont deux seulement (...)

Dans ce territoire riche en monuments anciens, l’attention pour l’architecture du XXe siècle s’observe dès les années 1980 avec la décentralisation. La commission régionale du patrimoine historique archéologique et ethnologique (Corephae) du 15 décembre 1986 a examiné les premiers dossiers14. Parmi des édifices de la première moitié du siècle, bénéficiant du recul et bien documentés, plus faciles à appréhender15, on peut citer les cliniques Saint-Charles à Montpellier, exemple d’architecture des années 1930, ornées des sculptures monumentales de Joachim Costa et des verrières d’Émile Brière, sauvées in extremis de la démolition. En l’an 2000, une campagne de protection thématique est lancée16, distinguant des bâtiments majeurs de l’entre-deux-guerres, comme le théâtre municipal de Carcassonne, le Palais des Arts et du Travail de Narbonne, le lycée technique Dhuoda à Nîmes, l’église Sainte-Thérèse à Montpellier mais également le centre d’apprentissage pour garçons, actuel lycée Mermoz à Béziers, œuvre de Pierre Jeanneret, à laquelle ont collaborés Jean Prouvé et Charlotte Perriand.

- Monument inscrit MH en 2009 Toujours à Odeillo, un petit collectif de maisons solaires, initiativ (...) Plus récemment ont été inscrits au titre des monuments historiques, le centre de vol à voile de la Montagne Noire, à Labécède-Lauragais, haut lieu de formation des pilotes entre 1932 et 1980 ou des installations solaires en Cerdagne, liées à la personnalité de Félix Trombe dont les recherches aboutissent à la construction entre 1962 et 1968 par le CNRS du four solaire d’Odeillo à Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via Pourtant, cette architecture du XXe siècle, représentant un nombre de réalisations jamais atteint, restait mal appréciée, mal aimé.

Kern Invite - 11/01/08

Hart Park - Bakersfield, CA

 

www.andynoise.com/kernxcinvite08.html

 

Varsity Girls - 2008 Kern County Cross Country

Championships

School Athlete Time Overall Scoring Team

 

1. Ridgeview Tijerra Lynch 18:58.24 1 1 1

2. Shafter Elizabeth Wittenberg 19:02.62 2 2 1

3. Garces Monica Guzman 19:15.89 3 3 1

4. North Celilia Lopez 19:21.87 4 4 1

5. Ridgeview Ashley Duran 19:23.47 5 5 2

6. Ridgeview Jessica Huizar 19:25.81 6 6 3

7. Foothill Natalie Fernandez 19:35.65 7 7 1

8. East Lucia Garcia 19:46.20 8 x 1

9. Stockdale Amber Nelson 19:59.40 9 8 1

10. Taft Megan Thompson 20:01.34 10 x 1

11. Stockdale Carolin Haney 20:01.70 11 9 2

12. Stockdale Shelbe Pennel 20:03.86 12 10 3

13. Shafter Moriah Milwee 20:05.23 13 11 2

14. Ridgeview Desiree Armendariz 20:08.00 14 12 4

15. Arvin Tanya Hernandez 20:10.02 15 x 1

16. Highland Nichole Berry 20:19:01 16 13 1

17. BHS Sarah Baker 20:25.37 17 14 1

18. North Medeline Maier 20:29.38 18 15 2

19. Ridgeview Monica Lazo 20:33.39 19 16 5

20. Shafter Lindsee Handel 20:36.70 20 17 3

21. Centennial Jessica Folsom 20:41.80 21 18 1

22. BHS Emily Shuford 20:45.35 22 19 2

23. Ridgeview Linda Gonzalez 20:58:28 23 20 6

24. BHS Gabrielle Lerma 21:03.97 24 21 3

25. Stockdale Courtney Moore 21:06.02 25 22 4

26. North Meagan Menzel 21:10.17 26 23 3

27. BHS Gracie Garcia 21:11.76 27 24 4

28. Foothill Perla Veloz 21:13.21 28 25 2

29. Foothill Crystal Rodriguez 21:20.30 29 26 3

30. Independence Katelynn Webb 21:21.51 30 27 1

31. Golden Valley Karina Rocha 21:23.57 31 28 1

32. Shafter Katerina Plaza 21:27.21 32 29 4

33. North Blanca Perez 21:27.98 33 30 4

34. Wasco Amanda Castellon 21:28.25 34 31 1

35. Foothill Kaitlyn Mrasak 21:31.45 35 32 4

36. Tehachapi Brenda Gonzalez 21:33.34 36 33 1

37. Highland Gabi Rodier 21:34.56 37 34 2

38. Centennial Margaret Martinez 21:35.39 38 35 2

39. Stockdale Cynthia Lopez 21:35.61 39 36 5

40. Centennial Jessica Crowe 21:43.49 40 37 3

41. Highland Hilaria Vasquez 21:43.76 41 38 3

42. North Yadira Perez 21:49.62 42 39 5

43. Foothill Erica Castro 21:53.39 43 40 5

44. Centennial Stephanie Dittman 21:55.56 44 41 4

45. Independence Natalie Ambriz 22:08.45 45 42 2

46. Stockdale Madison Schutzner 22:14.92 46 43 6

47. Highland Katherine Mayberry 22:16.42 47 44 4

48. Centennial Jorey Braughton 22:18.95 48 45 5

49. North Kaylee Meyer 22:20.98 49 46 6

50. Garces Lauren Brown 22:21.19 50 47 2

51. Golden Valley Denise Silva 22:23.90 51 48 2

52. Foothill Violeta Quintanar 22:24.92 52 49 6

53. Highland Desiree Martinez 22:25.59 53 50 5

54. Independence Sara Sullivan 22:25.95 54 51 3

55. Garces Lizbeth Lopez 22:28.11 55 52 3

56. Garces Tammy Vu 22:35.68 56 53 4

57. West Selam Habebo 22:39.75 57 x 1

58. Shafter Leana Lara 22:51.69 58 54 5

59. Independence Carlie Croxton 22:55.06 59 55 4

60. Cesar Chavez Rosa Montanez 22:57.28 60 x 1

61. Foothill Maria Zepeda 22:57.55 61 56 7

62. Garces Marissa Machado 22:57.92 62 57 5

63. Shafter Mayra Torres 23:00.88 63 58 6

64. Golden Valley Carmelita Aguilar 23:04.07 64 59 3

65. Ridgeview M. Salgado 23:14.56 65 60 7

66. Golden Valley Anna Avina 23:20.23 66 61 4

67. Golden Valley Ninive Alveno 23:26.73 67 62 6

68. Golden Valley Mercedes Salgado 23:26.73 68 63 5

69. Centennial Paige Anderson 23:30.27 69 64 6

70. Garces Sammie Lobardo 23:34.37 70 65 6

71. Arvin Bianca Quinonez 23:41.85 71 x 2

72. Kern Valley S. Hinkey 23:42.47 72 x 1

73. Frontier Ariel Driskill 23:43.12 73 66 1

74. Centennial J. Estrada 23:50.91 74 67 7

75. Kern Valley S. Hazzard 23:51.80 75 x 2

76. Garces G. Ortiz 23:54.66 76 68 7

77. North Priscilla Cruz 23:55.51 77 69 7

78. BHS Kristina Logan 24:04.10 78 70 5

79. Frontier Jasmine Mattos 24:05.42 79 71 2

80. Stockdale Delilah Diaz 24:10.83 80 72 7

81. West Wennie Agbalog 24:28.90 81 x 2

82. Wasco Anna Orozco 24:29.57 82 73 2

83. Wasco Ruby Jacabo 24:30.22 83 74 3

84. Tehachapi Anna Duke 24:33.57 84 75 2

85. Wasco S. Castellon 24:42.66 85 76 6

86. Independence Shelby Woolf 24:58.35 86 77 6

87. BHS Sarah Stidham 24:58.76 87 78 6

88. Arvin Gaby Gomez 25:04.17 88 x 3

89. Highland Cristina Valenzuela 25:05.21 89 79 6

90. McFarland Monica Gonzalez 25:42.30 90 x 1

91. Tehachapi Susie Cuevas 25:57.15 91 x 3

92. Wasco B. Medina 26:00.11 92 80 4

93. Cesar Chavez Shannan Albay 26:00.32 93 x 2

94. BC Tiffany Rodriguez 26:26.77 94 x 1

95. Tehachapi Ariel Deval 26:50.73 95 81 4

96. Wasco A. Rios 27:14.74 96 82 5

97. Independence Samantha Antu 27:17.44 97 83 5

98. Tehachapi L. Shoemaker 27:44.92 98 84 5

99. BC Victoria Wheeler 28:09.47 99 x 2

100. Tehachapi J. Bahera 29:20:93 100 85 6

101. Frontier T. See 29:29.12 101 86 3

102. Frontier Savanah Olson 30:18.04 102 87 4

103. Frontier A. Rojas NT 103 88 5

Wolf Pack Invite 09/27/08

River Walk Park - Bakersfield, CA, Wednesday, September 27, 2008

 

www.andynoise.com/wolfpack08.html

 

Chris Schwartz (Foothill) won the varsity boys race in 16:18. McFarland took the team title. McFarland also won the boys frosh/soph and jv team races. medals were given out to the top 15 runners.

 

Varsity Boys Team Results

 

1 MCFA McFarland 25

2 PADA Palmdale 95

3 RIDG Ridgeview 118

4 SHAF Shafter 130

5 BAEA East Bakersfield 142

6 BAKE Bakersfield 174

7 WASC Wasco 176

8 STOC Stockdale 210

9 FTHL Foothill 233

10 GARC Garces Memorial 254

11 ARVI Arvin 321

12 NORT North 324

13 Fron Frontier 345

14 SOUT South 404

15 BACH Bakersfield Christian 423

16 WSTB West Bakersfield 461

TFCC Taft INC

  

1. 16:18 179 179 Chris Schwartz Sr M FTHL 1

2. 16:29 292 292 Cisneros Alfonso Sr M MCFA 2

3. 16:38 450 450 Robby Baker Jr M RIDG 3

4. 16:44 297 297 Marco Perez So M MCFA 4

5. 16:48 293 293 Eduardo Bautista Jr M MCFA 5

6. 16:51 294 294 Marco Camargo Jr M MCFA 6

7. 16:54 451 451 Alex Garcia Jr M RIDG 7

8. 16:56 291 291 Gerardo Alcala Sr M MCFA 8

9. 16:58 295 295 Eddie Garcia Sr M MCFA 9

10. 17:04 296 296 Francisco Nava So M MCFA 10

11. 17:05 483 483 Joshua Wittenberg Sr M SHAF 11

12. 17:10 402 402 Adrian Ramos Jr M PADA 12

13. 17:16 400 400 Victor Hernandez Sr M PADA 13

14. 17:19 72 72 Andrew Ariey Sr M BAKE 14

15. 17:20 403 403 Daniel Ramos Jr M PADA 15

  

Elizabeth Wittenberg (Shafter) won the girls varsity race in 20:10. The Ridgeview varsity girls won the team title. Palmdale won the jv race and McFarland won the frosh/soph team title.

 

Varsity Girls Team Results

 

1 RIDG Ridgeview 45

2 SHAF Shafter 73

3 PADA Palmdale 94

4 NORT North 95

5 STOC Stockdale 124

6 FTHL Foothill 142

7 BAKE Bakersfield 142

8 GARC Garces Memorial 189

9 Fron Frontier 243

10 SOUT South 278

BAEA East Bakersfield INC

ARVI Arvin INC

WASC Wasco INC

TFCC Taft INC

WSTB West Bakersfield INC

BACH Bakersfield Christian INC

  

1. 20:10 464 464 Elizabeth Wittenberg Sr F SHAF

2. 21:04 430 430 Tijerra Lynch So F RIDG

3. 21:07 369 369 Merino Jennifer Sr F PADA

4. 21:10 428 428 Jessica Huizar Jr F RIDG

5. 21:12 89 89 Lucia Garcia Jr F BAEA

6. 21:17 208 208 Monica Guzman Jr F GARC

7. 21:23 330 330 Cecilia Lopez Sr F NORT

8. 21:33 90 90 Sophia Garcia So F BAEA

9. 21:35 136 136 Natalie Fernandez So F FTHL

10. 21:46 2 2 Tonya Hernandez Jr F ARVI

11. 21:53 624 624 Alejandra Gutierrez Sr F WASC

12. 21:55 372 372 Anaiz Ortiz Sr F PADA

13. 21:56 426 426 Ashley Duran Sr F RIDG

14. 22:05 459 459 Lindsee Handel So F SHAF

15. 22:12 45 45 Gabrielle Lerma So F BAKE

   

JV Boys Results

 

1 MCFA McFarland 29

2 RIDG Ridgeview 72

3 BAEA East Bakersfield 105

4 PADA Palmdale 118

5 SOUT South 150

6 Fron Frontier 160

7 WASC Wasco 161

8 STOC Stockdale 169

9 FTHL Foothill 237

10 GARC Garces Memorial 246

11 MiMo Mira Monte 278

12 BAKE Bakersfield 341

SHAF Shafter INC

TFCC Taft INC

ARVI Arvin INC

NORT North INC

 

1. 11:06 284 284 Bryan Calvo Sr M MCFA

2. 11:23 290 290 Pedro Sanchez Jr M MCFA

3. 11:34 661 661 Eric Sanchez Jr M WASC

4. 11:34 100 100 felix Trevino So M BAEA

5. 11:36 277 277 Bernardo Garcia Fr M MCFA

6. 11:39 440 440 Ernesto Castillo Jr M RIDG

7. 11:45 476 476 Matt Yanez Jr M SHAF

8. 11:46 439 439 Michael Anseno Sr M RIDG

9. 11:47 98 98 Marc Sotello Jr M BAEA

10. 11:47 474 474 Elias Picazo Sr M SHAF

11. 11:49 288 288 Adam Marquez Fr M MCFA

12. 11:50 394 394 Ramirez Miguel Jr M PADA

13. 11:50 393 393 Nicholas Mayo Jr M PADA

14. 11:53 276 276 Ismael Bautista Fr M MCFA

15. 12:00 101 101 Esteban Vargas Sr M BAEA

  

JV Girls Results

 

1 PADA Palmdale 27

2 STOC Stockdale 51

3 RIDG Ridgeview 66

4 MiMo Mira Monte 100

SOUT South INC

BAKE Bakersfield INC

FTHL Foothill INC

NORT North INC

GARC Garces Memorial INC

 

1. 14:45 494 494 Claudia Cuevas Sr F SOUT

2. 15:05 420 420 Natalia Motta Sr F RIDG

3. 15:12 528 528 Amber Crabtree Sr F STOC

4. 15:28 351 351 Amy Diaz Sr F PADA

5. 15:33 360 360 Lizet Onofre Jr F PADA

6. 15:41 364 364 Crystal Schachter Jr F PADA

7. 15:48 531 531 Shelby Pinkham Jr F STOC

8. 15:51 41 41 Felisa Torres Sr F BAKE

9. 15:52 118 118 Lucia Garcia Jr F FTHL

10. 15:54 362 362 Karina Ortega Jr F PADA

11. 15:54 328 328 Aubree Mossburg Jr F NORT

12. 16:04 365 365 Michelle Silva Jr F PADA

13. 16:06 367 367 Zaria Zambrano Jr F PADA

14. 16:07 525 525 Justine Benavidez Sr F STOC

15. 16:19 128 128 Nancy Tenorio Sr F FTHL

  

Frosh/Soph Boys

 

1 MCFA McFarland 25

2 WASC Wasco 66

3 FTHL Foothill 95

4 STOC Stockdale 114

5 RIDG Ridgeview 121

6 PADA Palmdale 139

7 SHAF Shafter 174

8 Inde Independence 183

9 TFCC Taft 254

10 BAKE Bakersfield 287

11 RFKH RFKH 312

12 GARC Garces Memorial 313

13 ARVI Arvin 337

14 MiMo Mira Monte 383

SOUT South INC

Error 2042 #N/A INC

 

1. 10:53 666 666 Jorge Zuniga Fr M WASC

2. 10:55 282 282 Chavez Ryan Fr M MCFA

3. 11:12 275 275 Sergio Avelar Fr M MCFA

4. 11:25 638 638 Eddie Aguilar So M WASC

5. 11:26 280 280 Leo Perez Fr M MCFA

6. 11:26 278 278 Jose Monrreal Fr M MCFA

7. 11:36 177 177 Genaro Quintanar Fr M FTHL

8. 11:38 541 541 Alex Eckley Fr M STOC

9. 11:39 279 279 Gonzalo Mulato Fr M MCFA

10. 11:40 252 252 Dwayne Facho So M Inde

11. 11:41 434 434 Brandon Magno Fr M RIDG

12. 11:42 383 383 Corey Nieto Fr M PADA

13. 11:48 543 543 Abraham Mayorga So M STOC

14. 11:49 467 467 Pablo Mendez Fr M SHAF

15. 11:50 650 650 Asencion Mendoza Sr M WASC

   

Frosh/Soph Girls

 

1 MCFA McFarland 43

2 Inde Independence 51

3 STOC Stockdale 73

4 FTHL Foothill 101

5 TFCC Taft 121

6 RIDG Ridgeview 139

7 RFKH RFKH 173

8 WASC Wasco 180

SOUT South INC

BAEA East Bakersfield INC

NORT North INC

BAKE Bakersfield INC

GARC Garces Memorial INC

 

1. 14:02 267 267 Corina Garcia So F MCFA

2. 14:02.6 270 270 Kathy Torres Fr F MCFA

3. 14:09 266 266 Olivia Ayon Fr F MCFA

4. 14:09 586 586 Daisy Guitron Fr F TFCC

5. 14:16 522 522 Madison Schutzner Fr F STOC

6. 14:23 484 484 Natalie Espinoza So F SOUT

7. 14:37 248 248 Sara Sullivan Fr F Inde

8. 14:37 110 110 Erica Castro So F FTHL

9. 14:44 237 237 Natalie Ambriz So F Inde

10. 14:46 93 93 Mayra Ponce So F BAEA

11. 14:50 244 244 Acacia Ingram So F Inde

12. 14:58 523 523 Victoria Valos So F STOC

13. 15:00 268 268 Liset Perezchica Fr F MCFA

14. 15:03 249 249 Katelynn Webb Fr F Inde

15. 15:20 135 135 Mari Escuedero So F FTHL

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Our Lady & The English Martyrs, Cambridge

 

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Yesterday I revisited St Peter for internals and finished of Cambridge, visiting seven Victorian built churches only one of which, Our Lady & The English Martyrs, is worth writing up.

 

At first sight I wrote OLEM off as a Victorian Gothic monstrosity but as I wandered around the exterior I was struck by the quality of the building and the interior stunned me with lots of rather good glass and impressive architecture (oh and apart from three revisits, Babraham, Guilden Morden and Stow cum Quy, that finished the north west quadrant).

 

The Church of Our Lady and the English Martyrs, or OLEM, is situated in the heart of the city of Cambridge. An imposing example of the 19th Century Gothic Revival, it was built to the designs of Dunn & Hansom of Newcastle between 1885 and 1890, and founded solely by Mrs Yolande Marie Louise Lyne-Stephens, a former ballet dancer at the Paris Opera and Drury Lane, London, and widow of a wealthy banker. She promised to build the church on the feast of Our Lady of the Assumption, and Monsignor Christopher Scott - the first Rector - also wished to commemorate the Catholic Martyrs who died between 1535 and 1681, over thirty of whom had been in residence at the University.

 

Designed by architects Dunn and Hansom of Newcastle and built by the Cambridge firm of Rattee and Kett, OLEM is constructed in Casterton, Ancaster and Combe Down Stone. The church is a traditional cruciform structure in the early-decorated style with a large tower at the crossing, a polygonal apse and a west bell tower with a 65-metre spire, visible for miles around Cambridge. Quite often, it is quoted by visitors and local residents as a location point. The approximate internal dimensions of the church are: length 48 meters [156 ft] width across the aisles 16 meters [51 ft] width at the transepts 22 meters [71 ft], the height of the nave 15 meters [71ft].

 

Inside and over the west door stands the figure of Our Lady of the Assumption crowned with lilies and standing on the crescent moon with the vanquished serpent beneath. The west window shows the English Martyrs arranged in two principal groups, the clergy on the south side with St John Fisher in their midst and the laity on the north grouped round St Thomas More.

 

Beside the South aisle is an ancient statue of Our Lady with the Child Jesus. This statue is understood to be a gift in 1850 from Emmanuel College, which was built on the site of a Dominican Priory dating back to 1274. The Church of the Black Friars of Cambridge contained a statue of Our Blessed Lady to which much pilgrimage was had. Although unconfirmed this could be that statue.

 

The Chapel of the Holy Souls with the book of Remembrance is located at the west end of the south aisle. The sculpture above the altar depicts the solace and relief of the Holy Souls in Purgatory through the intercession of Our Lady and the angel who comforted Our Lord in Gethsemane. The Chapel is now appropriately used at the two great Christian celebrations: at Easter for the Empty Tomb indicating the Risen Lord, and at Christmas for the Crib.

 

The aisle windows were almost completely destroyed when the church was struck by a bomb on 1941, but were subsequently replaced in their original form. They epitomise the various sufferings of the English Martyrs, their being brought before the Council, racked, hung, drawn and quartered in the sight and sympathy of the faithful. The windows of the north aisle portray Carthusians, St Thomas Moore, B. Margaret Pole and others, while the south aisle is made a “Fisher Aisle”, devoted to scenes from the life of St John, Cardinal Bishop of Rochester, who in so many important ways is identified with Cambridge.

 

The best general impression of the interior is obtained from the gateway in the iron screen dividing the nave from the ante-chapel. The heads of the four great preachers of Our Lady’s Graces are carved in the four corners of the nave. The windows along the nave represent saints connected with the Church in Britain, arranged approximately in chronological order from east to west with a few additional figures in the eastern windows.

 

The Rood which is between the nave and the sanctuary is of the type known as “Majestas”; the figure of Our Lord, with glorified wounds, robed in alb, stole and pallium [as High Priest] and crowned [as King “reigning from the Tree”]. This was the earliest type of crucifix; the realistic figure, now almost universal, did not come into general use until the beginning of the thirteenth century. The cross, inspired by that at Nuremberg, is about 6 metres high, carved in oak; the figures of Christ and of Our Lady and of Saint John are of Kauri pine. They were carved locally by Mr. B. Maclean Leach and completed and blessed in 1914.

 

Beyond the present, modern altar is the High Altar with the relics of Saints Felix and Constantia, martyrs of the early Church. The tabernacle and ornaments of the altar are of exquisite French workmanship from Lyons. The baldacchino which covers the High Altar is similar to that over the tomb of Robert the Wise (1275-1343) at Santa Chiara, Naples. It is one of the earliest forms of adornment of a Christian altar. At the top is the figure of Our Lord in glory supported on each side by angels in act of adoration.

 

The design and the re-ordering of the sanctuary was done by Mr. Gerard Goalen of Harlow after the Second Vatican Council. On 7th April, 1973, Bishop Charles Grant consecrated the present central. The original High Altar has subsequently been used mainly for reservation of the Blessed Sacrament.

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