VENICE BIENNALE / VENEZIA BIENNIAL 2013 : BIENNALIST

www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html

 

Biennalist is an Art Format by Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel debating with artistic tools on Biennales and other cultural managed events . Often those events promote them selves with thematics and press releases faking their aim . Biennalist take the thematics of the Biennales very seriously , and test their pertinance . Artists have questioned for decade the canvas , the pigment , the museum ... since 1989 we question the Biennales .Often Biennalist converge with Emergency Room providing a burning content that cannot wait ( today before it is too late )

please contact before using the images : Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel 1@colonel.dk

www.colonel.dk

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In 2013 Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel is represented at the Malives pavilion at the Venice Biennale and then went further and received hospitality at the Zimbabwe pavilion with the Emergency Room Mobile

www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html

 

Meanwhile Thierry Geoffroy is in Copenhagen the work about todays emergencies continue at the gallery Marianne Friis on the

ULTRACONTEMPOARY WARM UP Wall established for this occasion since 6sept 2013

thierrygeoffroy.blogspot.dk/2013/09/colonel-s-warm-up-wal...

www.emergencyrooms.org

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lists of artists participating at the Venice Biennale :

Hilma af Klint, Victor Alimpiev, Ellen Altfest, Paweł Althamer, Levi Fisher Ames, Yuri Ancarani, Carl Andre, Uri Aran, Yüksel Arslan, Ed Atkins, Marino Auriti, Enrico Baj, Mirosław Bałka, Phyllida Barlow, Morton Bartlett, Gianfranco Baruchello, Hans Bellmer, Neïl Beloufa, Graphic Works of Southeast Asia and Melanesia, Hugo A. Bernatzik Collection, Ștefan Bertalan, Rossella Biscotti, Arthur Bispo do Rosário, John Bock, Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, Geta Brătescu, KP Brehmer, James Lee Byars, Roger Caillois, Varda Caivano, Vlassis Caniaris, James Castle, Alice Channer, George Condo, Aleister Crowley & Frieda Harris, Robert Crumb, Roberto Cuoghi, Enrico David, Tacita Dean, John De Andrea, Thierry De Cordier, Jos De Gruyter e Harald Thys, Walter De Maria, Simon Denny, Trisha Donnelly, Jimmie Durham, Harun Farocki, Peter Fischli & David Weiss, Linda Fregni Nagler, Peter Fritz, Aurélien Froment, Phyllis Galembo, Norbert Ghisoland, Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Domenico Gnoli, Robert Gober, Tamar Guimarães and Kasper Akhøj, Guo Fengyi, João Maria Gusmão & Pedro Paiva, Wade Guyton, Haitian Vodou Flags, Duane Hanson, Sharon Hayes, Camille Henrot, Daniel Hesidence, Roger Hiorns, Channa Horwitz, Jessica Jackson Hutchins, René Iché, Hans Josephsoh, Kan Xuan, Bouchra Khalili, Ragnar Kjartansson, Eva Kotátková, Evgenij Kozlov, Emma Kunz, Maria Lassnig, Mark Leckey, Augustin Lesage, Lin Xue, Herbert List, José Antonio Suárez Londoño, Sarah Lucas, Helen Marten, Paul McCarthy, Steve McQueen, Prabhavathi Meppayil, Marisa Merz, Pierre Molinier, Matthew Monahan, Laurent Montaron, Melvin Moti, Matt Mullican, Ron Nagle, Bruce Nauman, Albert Oehlen, Shinro Ohtake, J.D. ‘Okhai Ojeikere, Henrik Olesen, John Outterbridg, Paño Drawings, Marco Paolini, Diego Perrone, Walter Pichler, Otto Piene, Eliot Porter, Imran Qureshi, Carol Rama, Charles Ray, James Richards, Achilles G. Rizzoli, Pamela Rosenkranz, Dieter Roth, Viviane Sassen, Shinichi Sawada, Hans Schärer, Karl Schenker, Michael Schmidt, Jean-Frédéric Schnyder, Friedrich Schröder-Sonnenstern, Tino Sehgal, Richard Serra, Shaker Gift Drawings, Jim Shaw, Cindy Sherman, Laurie Simmons e Allan McCollum, Drossos P. Skyllas, Harry Smith, Xul Solar, Christiana Soulou, Eduard Spelterini, Rudolf Steiner, Hito Steyerl, Papa Ibra Tall, Dorothea Tanning, Anonymous Tantric Paintings, Ryan Trecartin, Rosemarie Trockel, Andra Ursuta, Patrick Van Caeckenbergh, Stan VanDerBeek, Erik van Lieshout, Danh Vo, Eugene Von Bruenchenhein, Günter Weseler, Jack Whitten, Cathy Wilkes, Christopher Williams, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Kohei YoshiyUKi, Sergey Zarva, Anna Zemánková, Jakub Julian Ziółkowski ,Artur Żmijewski.

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other pavilions at Venice Biennale

 

Andorra Artists: Javier Balmaseda, Samantha Bosque, Fiona Morrison

Commissioner: Henry Périer Deputy Commissioners: Francesc Rodríguez, Ermengol Puig, Ruth Casabella

Curators: Josep M. Ubach, Paolo De GrandisAngola Artist: Edson Chagas Commissioner: Ministry of Culture

Curators: Beyond Entropy (Paula Nascimento, Stefano Rabolli Pansera), Jorge Gumbe, Feliciano dos Santos

Argentina Artist: Nicola Costantino Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace Curator: Fernando Farina

Armenia Artist: Ararat SarkissianCurator: Arman Grogoryan /AustraliaArtist: Simryn Gill Commissioner: Simon Mordant Deputy Commissioner: Penelope Seidler Curator: Catherine de Zegher /AustriaArtist: Mathias Poledna ,Curator: Jasper Sharp /AzerbaijanArtists: Rashad Alakbarov, Sanan Aleskerov, Chingiz Babayev, Butunay Hagverdiyev, Fakhriyya Mammadova, Farid Rasulov /Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev FoundationCurator: Hervé Mikaeloff

Bahamas Artist: Tavares Strachan Commissioner: Nalini Bethel, Ministry of Tourism Curators: Jean Crutchfield, Robert HobbsDeputy Curator: Stamatina Gregory/BangladeshChhakka Artists’ Group: Mokhlesur Rahman, Mahbub Zamal, A. K. M. Zahidul Mustafa, Ashok Karmaker, Lala Rukh Selim, Uttam Kumar Karmaker. Dhali Al Mamoon, Yasmin Jahan Nupur, Gavin Rain, Gianfranco Meggiato, Charupit School/Commissioner/Curator: Francesco Elisei. , Curator: Fabio Anselmi./BahrainArtists: Mariam Haji, Waheeda Malullah, Camille Zakharia /Commissioner: Mai bint Mohammed Al Khalifa, Minister of Culture /Curator: Melissa Enders-Bhatiaa/BelgiumArtist: Berlinde De Bruyckere

Commissioner: Joke Schauvliege, Flemish Minister for Environment, Nature and Culture .Curator: J. M. Coetzee ,Deputy Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren /Bosnia and Herzegovina

Artist: Mladen Miljanovic .Commissioners: Sarita Vujković, Irfan Hošić

Brazil Artists: Hélio Fervenza, Odires Mlászho, Lygia Clark, Max Bill, Bruno Munari

Commissioner: Luis Terepins, Fundação Bienal de São Paulo,Curator: Luis Pérez-Oramas ,Deputy Curator: André Severo

CanadaArtist: Shary Boyle /Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada / Musée des beaux-arts du Canada ,Curator: Josée Drouin-Brisebois/Central AsiaArtists: Vyacheslav Akhunov, Sergey Chutkov, Saodat Ismailova, Kamilla Kurmanbekova, Ikuru Kuwajima, Anton Rodin, Aza Shade, Erlan Tuyakov

Commissioner: HIVOS (Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation)

Deputy Commissioner: Dean Vanessa Ohlraun (Oslo National Academy of the Arts/The Academy of Fine Art)

Curators: Ayatgali Tuleubek, Tiago Bom

Scientific Committee: Susanne M. Winterling

ChileArtist: Alfredo JaarCommissioner: CNCA, National Council of Culture and the Arts Curator: Madeleine Grynsztejn

ChinaArtists: He Yunchang, Hu Yaolin, Miao Xiaochun, Shu Yong, Tong Hongsheng, Wang Qingsong, Zhang Xiaotao

Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group (CAEG) ,Curator: Wang Chunchen

Costa Rica Artists: Priscilla Monge, Esteban Piedra, Rafael Ottón Solís, Cinthya Soto

Commissioner: Francesco EliseiCurator: Francisco Córdoba, Museo de Arte y Diseño Contemporáneo (Fiorella Resenterra)

Croatia Artist: Kata Mijatovic ,Commissioner/Curator: Branko Franceschi.

CubaArtists: Liudmila and Nelson, Maria Magdalena Campos & Neil Leonard, Sandra Ramos, Glenda León, Lázaro Saavedra, Tonel, Hermann Nitsch, Gilberto Zorio, Wang Du, H.H.Lim, Pedro Costa, Rui Chafes, Francesca Leone ,Commissioner: Miria ViciniCurators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza

CyprusArtists: Lia Haraki, Maria Hassabi, Phanos Kyriacou, Constantinos Taliotis, Natalie Yiaxi, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter Sinister /Louli Michaelidou

Deputy Commissioners: Angela Skordi, Marika Ioannou/Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas

Czech Republic & Slovak RepublicArtists: Petra Feriancova, Zbynek Baladran ,Commissioner: Monika Palcova, Curator: Marek Pokorny /DenmarkArtist: Jesper Just in collaboration with Project ProjectsEgypt

Artists: Mohamed Banawy, Khaled Zaki

EstoniaArtist: Dénes Farkas ,Commissioner: Maria Arusoo ,Curator: Adam Budak

FinlandArtist: Antti Laitinen , Commissioner: Raija Koli , Curators: Marko Karo, Mika Elo, Harri Laakso

FranceArtist: Anri Sala ,Curator: Christine Macel

GeorgiaArtists: Bouillon Group,Thea Djordjadze, Nikoloz Lutidze, Gela Patashuri with Ei Arakawa and Sergei Tcherepnin, Gio Sumbadze/Commissioner: Marine Mizandari, First Deputy Minister of Culture Curator: Joanna Warsza

GermanyArtists: Ai Weiwei, Romuald Karmakar, Santu Mofokeng, Dayanita Singh Commissioner/Curator: Susanne Gaensheimer /Great BritainArtist: Jeremy Deller ,Commissioner: Andrea Rose , Curator: Emma Gifford-Mead

Holy SeeArtists: Lawrence Carroll, Josef Koudelka, Studio Azzurro ,Curator: Antonio Paolucci

Hungary , Artist: Zsolt Asztalos , Curator: Gabriella Uhl

Iceland , Artist: Katrín Sigurðardóttir ,Commissioner: Dorotheé Kirch

Curators: Mary Ceruti , Ilaria Bonacossa/IndonesiaArtists: Albert Yonathan Setyawan, Eko Nugroho, Entang Wiharso, Rahayu Supanggah, Sri Astari, Titarubi

Deputy Commissioner: Achille Bonito Oliva , Assistant Commissioner: Mirah M. Sjarif

Curators: Carla Bianpoen, Rifky Effendy

IraqArtists: Abdul Raheem Yassir, Akeel Khreef, Ali Samiaa, Bassim Al-Shaker, Cheeman Ismaeel, Furat al Jamil, Hareth Alhomaam, Jamal Penjweny, Kadhim Nwir, WAMI (Yaseen Wami, Hashim Taeeh)

Commissioner: Tamara Chalabi (Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture)Curator: Jonathan Watkins.

IrelandArtist: Richard MosseCommissioner, Curator: Anna O’Sullivan

Israel , Artist: Gilad Ratman , Commissioners: Arad Turgeman, Michael GovCurator: Sergio Edelstein

ItalyArtists: Francesco Arena, Massimo Bartolini, Gianfranco Baruchello, Elisabetta Benassi, Flavio Favelli, Luigi Ghirri, Piero Golia, Francesca Grilli, Marcello Maloberti, Fabio Mauri, Giulio Paolini, Marco Tirelli, Luca Vitone, Sislej Xhafa ,Commissioner: Maddalena Ragni

Curator: Bartolomeo Pietromarchi /Ivory Coast Artists: Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, Tamsir Dia, Jems Koko Bi, Franck Fanny

Commissioner: Paolo De Grandis , Curator: Yacouba Konaté

Japan ,Artist: Koki Tanaka ,Curator: Mika Kuraya

KenyaArtists: Kivuthi Mbuno, Armando Tanzini, Chrispus Wangombe Wachira, Fan Bo, Luo Ling & Liu Ke, Lu Peng, Li Wei, He Weiming, Chen Wenling, Feng Zhengjie, César MeneghettiCommissioner: Paola Poponi ,Curators: Sandro Orlandi, Paola Poponi /Korea (Republic of)Artist: Kimsooja

KosovoArtist: Petrit Halilaj ,Commissioner: Erzen Shkololli ,Curator: Kathrin Rhomberg

KuwaitArtists: Sami Mohammad, Tarek Al-Ghoussein

Commissioner: Mohammed Al-Asoussi ,Curator: Ala Younis /Latin AmericaIstituto Italo-Latino Americano

Artists:Marcos Agudelo, Miguel Alvear & Patricio Andrade, Susana Arwas, François Bucher, Fredi Casco, Colectivo Quintapata (Pascal Meccariello, Raquel Paiewonsky, Jorge Pineda, Belkis Ramírez), Humberto Díaz, Sonia Falcone, León & Cociña, Lucía Madriz, Jhafis Quintero, Martín Sastre, Guillermo Srodek-Hart, Juliana Stein, Simón Vega, Luca Vitone, David Zink Yi. /Harun Farocki & Antje Ehmann. In collaboration with: Cristián Silva-Avária, Anna Azevedo, Paola Barreto, Fred Benevides, Anna Bentes, Hermano Callou, Renata Catharino, Patrick Sonni Cavalier, Lucas Ferraço Nassif, Luiz Garcia, André Herique, Bruna Mastrogiovanni, Cezar Migliorin, Felipe Ribeiro, Roberto Robalinho, Bruno Vianna, Beny Wagner, Christian Jankowski ,Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal ,Curator: Alfons Hug

Deputy Curator: Paz Guevara /Latvia Artists: Kaspars Podnieks, Krišs Salmanis ,Commissioners: Zane Culkstena, Zane Onckule ,Curators: Anne Barlow, Courtenay Finn, Alise Tifentale

LithuaniaArtist: Gintaras Didžiapetris, Elena Narbutaite, Liudvikas Buklys, Kazys Varnelis, Vytaute Žilinskaite, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter SinisterCommissioners: Jonas Žokaitis, Aurime Aleksandraviciute Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas /LuxembourgArtist: Catherine LorentCommissioner: Clément Minighetti Curator: Anna Loporcaro /MexicoArtist: Ariel Guzik ,Commissioner: Gastón Ramírez Feltrín ,Curator: Itala Schmelz

Montenegro ,Artist: Irena Lagator Pejovic .Commissioner/Curator: Nataša Nikcevic

The Netherlands ,Artist: Mark Manders

Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund ,Curator: Lorenzo Benedetti

New Zealand Artist: Bill Culbert ,Commissioner: Jenny Harper ,Deputy Commissioner: Heather Galbraith ,Curator: Justin Paton /Finland: ,Artist: Terike Haapoja ,Commissioner: Raija Koli ,Curators: Marko Karo, Mika Elo, Harri Laakso

Norway:Artists: Edvard Munch, Lene Berg

Curators: Marta Kuzma, Pablo Lafuente, Angela Vettese

Paraguay Artists: Pedro Barrail, Felix Toranzos, Diana Rossi, Daniel Milessi ,Commissioner: Elisa Victoria Aquino Laterza

Deputy Commissioner: Nori Vaccari Starck , Curator: Osvaldo González Real

Poland Artist: Konrad Smolenski Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska Curators: Agnieszka Pindera, Daniel Muzyczuk

Portugal Artist: Joana Vasconcelos Curator: Miguel Amado

RomaniaArtists: Maria Alexandra Pirici, Manuel Pelmus Commissioner: Monica Morariu Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damia Curator: Raluca VoineaArtists: Anca Mihulet, Apparatus 22 (Dragos Olea, Maria Farcas,Erika Olea), Irina Botea, Nicu Ilfoveanu, Karolina Bregula, Adi Matei, Olivia Mihaltianu, Sebastian MoldovanCommissioner: Monica Morariu ,Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian ,Curator: Anca Mihulet

Russia Artist: Vadim Zakharov ,Commissioner: Stella Kasaeva ,Curator: Udo Kittelmann

Serbia Artists: Vladimir Peric, Miloš Tomic .Commissioner: Maja Ciric

SloveniaArtist: Jasmina CibicCommissioner: Blaž Peršin ,Curator: Tevž Logar

South Africa Commissioner: Saul Molobi ,Curator: Brenton Maart

Spain Artist: Lara Almarcegui , Commissioner/Curator: Octavio Zaya

Switzerland Artist: Valentin Carron Commissioners: Pro Helvetia - Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki

Curator: Giovanni CarmineVenue: Pavilion at Giardini

Syrian Arab RepublicArtists: Giorgio De Chirico, Miro George, Makhowl Moffak, Al Samman Nabil, Echtai Shaffik, Giulio Durini, Dario Arcidiacono, Massimiliano Alioto, Felipe Cardena, Roberto Paolini, Concetto Pozzati, Sergio Lombardo, Camilla Ancilotto, Lucio Micheletti, Lidia Bachis, Cracking Art Group, Hannu Palosuo

Commissioner: Christian Maretti Curator: Duccio Trombadori

Taiwan Artists: Bernd Behr, Chia-Wei Hsu, Kateřina Šedá + BATEŽO MIKILU Curator: Esther Lu

Thailand Artists: Wasinburee Supanichvoraparch, Arin Rungjang

Curators: Penwadee Nophaket Manont, Worathep Akkabootara

Turkey Artist: Ali Kazma Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts Curator: Emre Baykal

Ukraine Artists: Ridnyi Mykola, Zinkovskyi Hamlet, Kadyrova Zhanna Commissioner: Victor Sydorenko

Curators: Soloviov Oleksandr, Burlaka Victoria

United Arab Emirates Artist: Mohammed Kazem /Commissioner: Dr. Lamees Hamdan Curator: Reem Fadda

Uruguay Artist: Wifredo Díaz Valdéz

Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale Curators: Carlos Capelán, Verónica Cordeiro

USA Artist: Sarah Sze Commissioners/Curators: Carey Lovelace, Holly Block

Venezuela Colectivo de Artistas Urbanos Venezolanos , Commissioner: Edgar Ernesto González Curator: Juan Calzadilla

 

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Encyclopedic Palace is curated by Massimiliano Gioni

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Other Biennales (Biennials ) : Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale

Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art

 

The NFL.com redesign can be classified as a Web 1.5 site, illustrating that pro sports seem loath to fully embrace the spirit of Web 2.0. Read: NFL . com Redesign - Web 1.5.

willowgrovedaycamp.com/willows.html

 

We have just finished our third week of camp. The Willows campers have been kept very busy these past three weeks. The days have been flying by way too quickly. It was very exciting to have all our Willows family members join us for an outstanding visiting day. The children were extremely excited to share their activities with their parents, while the parents had fun pretending to be campers. We hope you had as much fun as we did and lunch together was terrific.

 

The children enjoyed this weeks theme of “I Spy”. They had fun decorating binoculars in Camper Creations. In Ceramics, each child enjoyed making their favorite food out of clay with the help of their parents. Their ceramic projects will be sent home shortly. To end our wonderful week, The Willows campers joined the rest of camp at Waterworld. The children drove

water boats and joined in other great water activities. A terrific time was had by all!

 

Willow Grove Day Camp provides summer fun for kids who live in Willow Grove, Abington, Blue Bell, Hatboro, Horsham, Huntingdon Valley, Lafayette Hill, Philadelphia, Plymouth Meeting, Southampton and the surrounding areas. For more information on Willow Grove Day Camp and the services they provide please visit: willowgrovedaycamp.com/willows.html

Kern Invite - 11/01/08

Hart Park - Bakersfield, CA

 

www.andynoise.com/kernxcinvite08.html

 

JV Boys - 2008 Kern County Cross Country

Championships

School Athlete Time Overall Scoring Team

 

1. Ridgeview Tino Romero 11:17.25 1 1 1

2. Wasco Oscar Gomez 11:26.11 2 2 1

3. East Marc Sotello 11:26.90 3 x 1

4. Shafter Matthew Yanez 11:34.14 4 x 1

5. McFarland Grenardo Garcia 11:34.63 5 x 1

6. Highland Juan Delgado 11:37.47 6 3 1

7. Centennial Brandon Ballard 11:38.17 7 4 1

8. Ridgeview Ernesto Castillo 11:38.94 8 5 2

9. Shafter Elias Picazo 11:40.09 9 x 2

10. Ridgeview Sukhwinder Singh 11:42.25 10 6 3

11. Wasco M. Vasquez 11:49.94 11 7 2

12. East Felix Trevino 11:51.62 12 x 2

13. Ridgeview Tree Hoisson 11:52.34 13 8 4

14. Stockdale Raymon Griggs 11:52.62 14 9 1

15. Highland Rafael Alcaraz 11:53.30 15 10 2

16. East Esteban Vargas 11:54.83 16 x 3

17. McFarland Adam Marquez 11:56.93 17 x 2

18. Frontier Corry Harris 12:02.24 18 11 1

19. Highland M. Shaffer 12:04.99 19 12 3

20. Highland Jo Dixon 12:05.53 20 13 4

21. Centennial Nick Trieberg 12:06.03 21 14 2

22. Highland Daniel Espinosa 12:07.15 22 15 5

23. Foothill Cesar Espinosa 12:10.84 23 16 1

24. Highland Ernan Lopez 12:18.78 24 17 6

25. Stockdale P. Bowen 12:25.59 25 18 2

26. Stockdale Andrew Worth 12:26.63 26 19 3

27. Foothill Jovani Pineda 12:32.47 27 20 2

28. Centennial Jake Smoot 12:33.35 28 21 3

29. Foothill Robert Guillen 12:36.97 29 22 3

30. Garces Jose Lopez 12:37.53 30 23 1

31. Highland Pablo Santiago 12:38.23 31 24 7

32. Ridgeview Ian Dowot 12:38.71 32 25 5

33. Frontier Ramon Sanchez 12:42.97 33 26 2

34. Foothill Peter Reyna 12:45.32 34 27 4

35. Ridgeview Hector Garay 12:45.76 35 28 6

36. Frontier Brian Cisneros 12:46.11 36 29 3

37. Stockdale Cornelius Sockey 12:49.24 37 30 4

38. Stockdale Nick Haley 12:49.57 38 31 5

39. Frontier Christopher Bedke 12:51.77 39 32 4

40. Frontier Chris Corral 12:52.80 40 33 5

41. Centennial CJ Carr 12:55.06 41 34 4

42. Ridgeview Arty Sanchez 12:55.60 42 35 7

43. Garces Dominic Gallegos 12:56.21 43 36 2

44. Foothill Oscar Rivera 12:57.02 44 37 5

45. Shafter Jonatan Lopez 12:59.96 45 x 3

46. Stockdale Evan Szablowsk 13:01.10 46 38 6

47. BHS Hector Sanchez 13:02.38 47 39 1

48. Foothill Guillermo Cisneros 13:05.95 48 40 6

49. Stockdale Jit Malay 13:06.90 49 41 7

50. Highland Nick Lopez 13:07.10 50 42 8

51. Centennial Craig Varner 13:15.59 51 43 5

52. Highland Tyler Dunlap 13:20.14 52 44 9

53. Stockdale Davis McLeod 13:20.73 53 45 8

54. Foothill Luis Garcia 13:22.06 54 46 7

55. Shafter Miguel Sanchez 13:23.34 55 x 4

56. Independence Curtis Valencia 13:25.34 56 47 1

57. Wasco Kyle Bearley 13:26.41 57 48 3

58. Ridgeview Martin Oropeza 13:27.08 58 49 8

59. Frontier Chris Mount 13:28.88 59 50 6

60. Wasco Anthony Ramirez 13:29.86 60 51 4

61. Frontier Jairo Garcia 13:34.10 61 52 7

62. Stockdale Kevin Chun 13:37.01 62 53 9

63. Foothill Marcos Sandoval 13:38.55 63 54 8

64. Arvin Jose Rodriguez 13:39.04 64 x 1

65. Frontier Steven Saenz 13:39.36 65 55 8

66. Stockdale John Bracamant 13:40.57 66 56 10

67. Wasco Kr. Brown 13:43.42 67 57 5

68. Stockdale Adrian Esquivas 13:45.00 68 58 11

69. Stockdale Joshua St. Clair 13:46.57 69 59 12

70. BHS Josh Harbin 13:49.65 70 60 2

71. Mira Monte Hislon Belo 13:53.35 71 x 1

72. Stockdale Eric Jorgensen 13:56.96 72 61 13

73. Garces Anthony Martinez 14:05.99 73 62 3

74. Arvin Rodger Tabada 14:15.08 74 x 2

75. Stockdale Phillip Radon 14:16.70 75 63 14

76. Stockdale Landon Medina 14:18.10 76 64 15

77. East Donald Sanchez 14:18.32 77 x 4

78. Frontier Spencer Cordova 14:25.94 78 65 9

79. Frontier Matt Walker 14:32.16 79 66 10

80. Wasco Arturo Miranda 14:32.82 80 67 6

81. Highland Luis Lopez 14:36.85 81 68 10

82. Independence Devin Lane 14:43.22 82 69 2

83. Garces Sterling Garza 14:43.64 83 70 4

84. Mira Monte Michael Pineda 14:45.10 84 x 2

85. Stockdale Joshua Le 14:45.99 85 71 16

86. Independence Michael Gallarza 14:46.50 86 72 3

87. Foothill William Saavedra 14:48.22 87 73 9

88. BHS Trevor Dalke 14:48.96 88 74 3

89. Independence Andrew Cruz 14:57.45 89 75 4

90. Highland Alex Harrell 15:01.62 90 76 11

91. BHS Wesley Elrich 15:02.07 91 77 4

92. Frontier Jason Phillips 15:02.54 92 78 11

93. Foothill Mason De La Cruz 15:03.92 93 79 10

94. Highland Estevan Espinoza 15:06.66 94 80 12

95. Mira Monte Rick Mendoza 15:08.42 95 x 3

96. Foothill AJ Lara 15:09.07 96 81 11

97. Centennial Jarod Kashwer 15:13.28 97 82 9

98. Highland Ryan Gonzalez 15:28.65 98 83 13

99. BHS Andres Eagleson 15:35.28 99 84 5

100. Frontier Kevin Sanchez 15:41.75 100 85 12

101. Centennial Brent Williams 15:46.70 101 86 10

102. Ridgeview Eric Jacques 15:46.93 102 87 9

103. Garces P. Newman 15:55.87 103 88 5

104. Foothill Jose Mejia 16:22.51 104 89 12

105. Independence Sky Payne 16:38.36 105 90 5

106. Foothill Logan Power 20:16.50 106 91 13

107. Arvin Oswaldo Leyva 24:45.86 107 x 3

108. North Sonny Medina 25:53.00 108 x 1

Palácio Itamaraty

Veja a localização no endereço wiki.worldflicks.org/palácio_do_itamaraty_-_ministry_of_...

 

A seguir, um texto, em português, da Wikipédia, a Enciclopédia Livre:

 

O Palácio Itamaraty[1], também conhecido como Palácio dos Arcos, e os anexos foram projetados pelo arquiteto Oscar Niemeyer. O Palácio foi inaugurado em 21 de abril de 1970. Foi a sede do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, quando dos primórdios de Brasília. Atualmente, três edifícios compõem a sede do Ministério: o Palácio, o Anexo I e o Anexo II, conhecido popularmente como "Bolo de Noiva". O Palácio possui o maior hall sem colunas do mundo, com área de 2.800m².

 

Palácio dos Arcos:

Palácio dos Arcos foi o primeiro nome dado ao edifício, devido aos arcos da fachada. No entanto a tradição do nome Itamaraty foi mais forte e o Palácio seguiu chamando-se Palácio Itamaraty. Em seu interior, possui painéis de artistas como Athos Bulcão, Rubem Valentim, Sérgio Camargo, Maria Martins e afresco de Alfredo Volpi. O paisagismo interno e externo é de Roberto Burle Marx. Em frente ao Palácio do Itamaraty, sobre o espelho d'água, encontra-se a escultura Meteoro, desenhada por Bruno Giorgi.

A pedra fundamental do Palácio foi lançada em 12 de setembro de 1960, no entanto este só foi efetivamente concluído e inaugurado em 1970, devido às dificuldades técnicas para atender às inovações do projeto.

 

Anexo II:

O anexo II que, por sua forma circular, também é conhecido como "Bolo de Noiva", teve sua construção iniciada em 1979 e foi concluído em 1986.

↑ Pelo acordo ortográfico em vigor, o termo deve ser grafado Itamarati, termo que, pelo menos desde o Formulário Ortográfico de 1943, foi atualizado.

 

Projeto de Oscar Niemeyer, é a sede do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, também conhecido como Palácio dos Arcos. À sua frente, sobre a água, está o “Meteoro”, obra de Bruno Giorgi formada por cinco blocos de mármore representando os cinco continentes. Possui jardins internos, várias obras de arte e sua decoração baseia-se no contraste entre o antigo e o moderno.

  

O Palácio do Itamaraty em Brasília é uma obra prima na Esplanada dos Ministérios

da capital do Brasil, a única cidade construída no século XX laureada pela Unesco como

Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade, em 1989. O Palácio denota o gênio de seus criadores - o

arquiteto Oscar Niemeyer e engenheiro estrutural Joaquim Cardozo, e a ousadia e qualidade dos

profissionais de projeto e construção do Brasil. Baseado em documentos originais e depoimentos

do pessoal envolvido na construção, entre 1963 e 1970, o objetivo deste artigo é recuperar a

história do monumento, evidenciando seus mais importantes aspectos: plantas de arquitetura e do

projeto estrutural e detalhes gerais das técnicas construtivas e materiais. Uma análise estrutural

foi efetuada por meio do programa computacional SAP2000 (1995), que forneceu modelos para o

cálculo dos esforços internos nos elementos, momentos fletores e deslocamentos. O

dimensionamento das colunas típicas de concreto armado e vigas, segundo a norma brasileira

NBR 6118: 2003 (ABNT, 2004), mostrou as armaduras de aço de acordo com os padrões de

segurança, inclusive considerando as prescrições sobre fluência do concreto. Um programa de

avaliação estrutural e diagnóstico do monumento foi realizado, mostrando que a situação presente

da estrutura é adequada. Todavia, a manutenção preventiva imprópria da edificação é um fato

preocupante, como outros monumentos do patrimônio de Brasília, cuja importância exige

especial atenção e planejamento especifico para preservá-los para as futuras gerações. Veja mais sobre "A ESTRUTURA DO PALÁCIO DO ITAMARATY EM BRASÍLIA:

ASPECTOS HISTÓRICOS E TECNOLÓGICOS DE PROJETO,

EXECUÇÃO, INTERVENÇÕES E MANUTENÇÃO" em academic.uprm.edu/laccei/index.php/RIDNAIC/article/viewFi...

 

Itamaraty Palace (Palácio do Itamaraty) is the name of the building of the head office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Itamaraty is one of Niemeyer's most radiant buildings. The bridge over an enormous ornamental pool dotted with islands of tropical plants leads to one of the largest public art collections in Brazil.

 

The massive 220-square-meter (2,368 sq. ft.) main hall on the ground floor is free of columns and features a 2.3 meter-wide (7.5-foot) spiral staircase without a banister. Athos Bulcão created the embossed marble walls. Burle Marx designed the gardens, featuring plants from the Amazon region, and Bruno Giorgi (the same artist who created the Hanging Angels in the Brasilia Cathedral) carved the sculpture Meteoro from a single four-ton block of Carrar marble, which has been exposed in the water garden in front of the Palace since 1967.

There are also numerous works by other great artists o display, including sculptures by Maria Martins, Victor Brecheret and Alfredo Ceschiatti, and paintings by Portinari, Manabu Mabe and Alfredo Volpi. Foreign artists such as Frans Post, Rugendas and Debret also depict scenes of Brazil's past.

On the upper floor, visitors can see the desk Princess Isabel used to sign the Lei Áurea (the law which abolished slavery in Brazil) in 1888 and a triple-seat bench from Bahia with each of the places curiously baptized as fofoqueira (gossiper), conversadeira (chitchatter) and namoradeira (flirter).

 

Brasilia’s Itamaraty Palace is a masterpiece in the Ministries Esplanade of Brazil’s

capital, the only city built in the XX Century awarded by Unesco as a Mankind’s Cultural

Heritage, in 1989. The Palace denotes the genius of its creators, architect Oscar Niemeyer and

structural engineer Joaquim Cardozo, and the daring and quality of the design and construction

experts in Brazil. Based on original documents and statements of the personnel involved with its

construction, between 1963 and 1970, the purpose of this paper is to recover the monument

history, putting in evidence its most important aspects: architectural drawings, structural design

and general details of construction techniques and materials. A structural analysis was carried out

by means of the computational software SAP2000 (1995), which provided models for the

calculation of elements internal forces, moments and displacements. Calculations of typical

reinforced concrete columns and beams according to the Brazilian code NBR 6118: 2003

(ABNT, 2004) showed the steel reinforcements in agreement with current safety standards,

including if concrete creep is taken into account. A structural assessment and diagnosis

programme of the monument was conducted, showing that its structure present situation is

adequate. However, the building ineffective routine maintenance is a worrying fact, like others

Brasília Heritage monuments, whose importance ask for special attention and specific plans to

preserve them for the future generation.

 

See more about "THE STRUCTURE OF PALÁCIO DO ITAMARATY IN BRASILIA:

HISTORICAL AND TECNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT,

CONSTRUCTION, INTERVENTIONS AND MAINTENANCE"

at academic.uprm.edu/laccei/index.php/RIDNAIC/article/viewFi...

See the more at wiki.worldflicks.org/palácio_do_itamaraty_-_ministry_of_...

 

Amara's Journal

 

Amara answers the door, stunned to see Dr. Foster and some random child near his feet. "What do you want and who told you I lived here?"

 

Toriah chuckled, letting himself in while still holding the boy's hand. "No need to get hostile. I saw you outside the MPD building. What was that all about?"

 

Donatien was the only quiet one, listening to the adults talking. He seemed timid at first, that is until he noticed the woman's tails. Quickly he released Toriah's hands and dashed off to play with the curious tails.

 

Amara blinked at the doctor's question. She didn't have much time to answer as the boy with him was now chasing her tails like a playful kitten. Her mood eased as she entertained the boy, changing the way her tails moved to give him something to do. " It was a list of petty nonsense charges. My bail was posted in no time. So, sit down and I'll make some tea for you and your kid. I'm surprised you have a child."

 

Toriah sighed. "You should have called me. I could have helped you post bail, 609." He didn't correct her misunderstanding of his relationship to the boy, instead he waved it off. "That's enough. Don't disturb her. This boy is under my charge, much like you are."

 

Donatien ignores the doctor, clinging to one of the tails before sticking his tongue out. He found a new toy and he was not about to give it up because Toriah said so.

 

Amara starts to head for the kitchen, boy on her left tail in tow. "I am not under your charge so don't refer to me as such. i see he is one of your new experiments. What did you do to this one?" She took out three mugs and put the kettle on the stove. "Can you speak little one? What would you like to drink?"

 

Toriah huffed. "You are just as guilty of assumptions yourself 609. This boy is..." he hesitates, trying to think of his words carefully. "Does he not look familiar to you?"

 

Donatien nods. "I want warm milk with sugar please." The eager boy then looked at Toriah. "Is it her? Is it? Is it?" He started jumping excitedly. "She's real pretty and everything like you said, Doc. Is it her?!"

 

"Familiar?" Amara asked, confused by the doctor's words. "What do you mean by that?" She peered down at the bouncy boy, taking a close look at his face. "Am I what, Foster? What is he talking about?" Something in her chest was starting to hurt. Amara could feel it, but had no idea why she suddenly felt this skipping sensation. The boy's bright brown eyes...his bone structure...that smile - was she imagining things?

 

Toriah smiled warmly, perhaps the most honest smile he'd ever shown 609 in the time they known each other. "I was working on a case earlier and through a series of odd events, this boy was given to me as an infant. No name. No parents. Just a baby." He moved closer to pat the boy's head. "I didn't pay any mind to it until I saw the child's DNA. Very healthy boy; not too different from any other baby." Toriah took out the folder he'd kept in his bag and offered it to Amara. "He has a very unique immune system, too unique to be a coincidence. You understand 609?"

 

Donatien let go of Amara's tail finally, only to latch on to her right leg instead. "She's so warm. And tall! And she has funny tails, Tori! Lookit!"

 

Amara was trembling some as she took the thick folder from Toriah. She didn't want to be hopeful and braced herself for disappointment months ago. Inside were files on Donatien's genetic structure, the very code she and Adagio wrote. There were pictures of him as a baby, crawling, sitting up, and laughing with a mess of what looked like pistschio ice cream on his face. Amara stifled a teary giggle, but only barely. "I don't understand..." The boy's excited words only made her tears come out more. "It can't be....it just can't...he was a baby when he was taken."

 

Toriah came right out and said it since Amara was already crying. "He's your son, Amara. I apologize for not telling you or your wife earlier. He was aged in a containment chamber for a few months after I found a defect. It's been repaired and stabilized, so you don't have to worry. I made sure to take as many videos, pictures, and logs of his development as I could so you both did not feel you missed out on key parts of the boy's life." He ruffled the hair on Donatien's head. "I've been telling him all about you both since he was old enough to talk. His IQ is extraordinary considering he is about seven now. A bit eager and hyper as you can see, but he's like that with new things."

 

Donatien hugged his mother even tighter. "i knew it! I knew it! I finally get to see you, Mama!" He nuzzled Amara's leg before quickly letting go. "My name is Donatien Isaac Dubois, Mama. And I'm...umm," he looked confused before asking Toriah. "Uncle, what's my number again?"

 

Amara looked down at the boy now openly calling her Mama like it was no big deal. She put the folder down on the counter and slowly knelt down. The question made her laugh. "It's nice to meet you, Donatien. I'm Amara Micheline Dubois and it's nice to finally see you again. You were missed. Terribly missed." Amara broke down, unable to keep her walls up any longer.

 

Toriah was too busy laughing at Donatien's question. He held up seven fingers. "Seven. You're seven now, Donatien."

 

Donatien nods. "I'm sev- Mama?" He grew worried upon seeing his mother crying so heavily. "It's okay. I remember the number now. Really!" Now that she was low enough, he could wrap his arms around her neck for the first time. "I'll be here from now on, okay? No more crying okay, Mama?"

 

Amara sniffled, pulling the boy closer during their long embrace. "Mmmhmm, you are staying right where I can see you from now on. I promise." After several minutes, she eyed the pale doctor. "You told him that you were my father's brother or something?"

 

Toriah corrected her. "No, I told him that I was your caretaker, your godfather. Technically the proper term would be grandpa but-" he shrugged. "Uncle seemed nicer." There was no way Toriah would have some kid calling him Grandpa. Hell no.

 

Donatien nods. "I like callin' him Gramps. His face gets all red and stuffs!"

 

Amara stood up, still laughing to an extent. "I see. Well thank you from bringing him back to me. I see now that i owe Adagio an apology for suspecting her. i...I was so angry at her before." She turned back to the neglected mugs. "Sorry. I'll get that tea ready for you. We can sit and talk about this more."

 

Toriah was already turning to leave. "I did what I came here to do. For the record, since you are registered as being owned by me, Donatien by default was assigned that tag as well. The paperwork is currently underway to have him officially recognized as being born human, not hybrid. Take care Amara and Donatien, don't cause trouble for your mothers, understand?"

 

Toriah adds, "I will be sending his things in a few days."

 

Donatien nods and waves to Toriah. "I will. Bye Bye Uncle Tori!" The boy's face went blank as he held his tummy. "Mama, can i have my milk now? I'm hungry."

Inca Trail Trek to Machu Picchu

The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is beyond a doubt one of the most beautiful trails in America and an unforgettable experience not to be missed. The trail leads through the protected wild nature of the Peruvian jungle and forest steppe, passes several archeological Inca sights and offers impressive views. The Incas used this itinerary for theirpilgrimage to the sacred citadel Machu Picchu. inca trail to machu Picchu.

Package Name: Inca Trail Classic

Duration: 4 Days / 3 Nights

Type of Trek: Archaeological, Cultural, ecological and Adventure

Group Size: To suit group requirements

Difficulty degree of this hike: Moderate / Challenge

Departures Day:

- Our company organize daily departures

- All private service departure dates are adapted to your request.

- A minimum of 2 persons is needed for this trek

Activities: Trekking, Camping and Adventure

High Season: March - January

Route: Closed in February

Altitude: 2050 - 4200 m. / 6730 - 13780 f.

Inca Trail Trek Itinerary:

Day 1: Cusco - Km 82 – Wayllabamba - Yuncachimpa

we will leave Cusco (3350m/10990f) at 5:30 am by tourist bus to and head for the Sacred Valley of the Incas. Before we reach our starting point km 82, we make a short break in Ollantaytambo for having the option to get breakfast. The official beginning of the Inka Trail is called km 82. Here we will meet the rest of the group and take care of the registration facilities. After crossing the Rio Urubamba (2200m) we will start the legendary Inca Trail. The first day the trail is easy to walk and a good warm up for the fallowing days. In Miskay we’ll have lunch at a small river bank while getting some information about the archaeological complex of Llactapata. After that, we will continue our hike to Wayllabamba (3100m/10170f) and ascend to Yuncachimpa (3300m/10826f), the camping site we will spend the night in. From here, we have a great view of the mysterious Nevado de Verónica.

Level of difficulty: normal (easy)

Hiking time: 5-6 hours

Total distance: 11km approx.

Day 2: Yuncachimpa - Llulluchapampa – Warmihuañusca pass - Pacaymayu - Runkurakay pass - Chaquicocha

The second day is the ‘Free-Hike-Day’; that means, that everybody should walk in his/her own pace – of course you will meet during the small breaks or see each other while beating the stairs. Early in the morning the trails first leads through the Valley of Llulluchapampa (3850m/12631f). The first 3km are step - enjoy the humid woodland and the water sounds. From Llulluchapampa fallow the way for 2-3 hours until you crest the highest point of this section, the Warmihuañusca (Dead Woman Pass) (4200m/113780f). This climb is known as the most difficult part of the Inca Trail. After a short break at the summit, you continue your hike down with a long and steep descent to the river Pacamayo (Sunrise River) towards the Runkurakay pass (3050m/10007f) until you reach our camping site called Chaquicocha at (3650m/11975f). Here you can relax your body from the tough day while enjoying an amazing view over the mountains.

Level of difficulty: challenge

Hiking time: 7-8 hours

Total distance: 15 km approx. 

Day 3: Chaquicocha - Phuyupatamarca – Wiñayhuayna

The third day is the most beautiful one. You can notice a change in the eco-system while walking to the tropical forest of Wiñaywayna. We will pass two small lakes at the top of the second pass (3950m). It’s a gentle climb through beautiful cloud forest and a small Inca tunnel before the third pass (3700m) offers a grand view over the Rio Urubamba Valley. The nearest settlement is named Phuyupatamarca/"Town above the clouds" (3600m/11811f). A well preserved site with long chain Inca baths where one can enjoy impressive ancient engineering. We pass another Inca Tunnel before visiting the ruins of Wiñaywayna/"Forever young" (2650m/8694f). The Inca stairs change into a zigzag trail until you reach a red-roofed white building, our last camping site, and also a location with hot water (5S) and bottled drinks.

Level of difficulty: normal, unforgettable (easy)

Hiking time: 5-6 hours

Total distance: 10 km Approx.

 

Day 4: Wiñayhuayna - Machu Picchu - Cusco

After our breakfast at 4:30 am, we will head - equipped with our flashlights - to the Inti Punku (Sun Gate) to get the first glimpse of Machu Picchu and watch the sunrise over Machu Picchu and Wayna Picchu. The last triumphal descent will take you almost one hour before we visit the citadel of Machu Picchu (2400m//7874f) around 8.00am. You can enjoy its spiritual charm during a guided tour (about two hours) that helps you to understand the meaning and ancient use of the different buildings. After this tour you will have enough time to explore the archeological site on your own (f.ex. go to the Inca Bridge, explore the variety of buildings or climb Wayna Picchu for an amazing panorama picture). A bus takes you down to Aguas Calientes. Here you can soak away your aches and pain in the town’s hot springs (S10). We will leave Aguas Calientes in the afternoon.

Level of difficulty: normal, unique (easy)

Hiking time: 2-3 hours

Total distance: 7 km approx.

 

What is Included:

Transport

Private transfer from your hotel in Cusco to km 82

Tourist train from Aguas Calientes to Cusco (Poroy)/or Ollantaytambo and bus to Cusco

Transfer from the train station in Cusco to your hotel in Cusco

Entrance fees to the Inca trail and Machu Picchu

Professional bilingual guide (Spanish and English)

Camping equipment (professional two-persons tents: Doite, model Cima 4, extra light/4kg, Doite, model Kailas 3, extra light/4.5kg and Doite, model Himalaya, extra light/4.5kg; sleeping mats, dining tent equipped with a table and chairs, a sanitary tent)

Cook, cooking equipment, meals (3 breakfasts, 3 lunches and 3 dinners). Food includes pancakes, omelettes, soups, fresh fruit and spaghetti, chicken, fish, meat and rice, all rich in carbohydrates and very suitable for trekking, hot drinks including coca leafs tea which is excellent for the altitude

Tea and snack time everyday (tea, coffee, wantan, popcorn, cracker)

Porters to carry the main luggage (all the equipment and cooking stock)

First-aid kit, oxygen bottle and safety rope

 

What is not Included:

Sleeping bag rent: US$ 5 per day. Our sleeping bags are –8ºC-comfort (0ºF) and mummy form and include a sleeping liner.

Lunch on the last day after the guided tour at Machu Picchu

Entrance to the Hot Springs in Aguas Calientes

Optional night in Aguas Calientes can be arranged easily.

Alcoholic drinks

 

Recomended Things To Take

Sleeping bag (you can rent at Cusco Expeditions office).

Bottle of mineral water.

Rain gear and/or plastic poncho (can be purchase in Cusco).

Hiking boots.

Warm jacket or fleece, t-shirts, shorts, long pants, sun hat and wool hat.

Flashlight.

Sun block.

Insect repellent.

Toilet paper and garbage bag.

Small towel and bathing suit (hot springs optional).

Camera, extra film and extra batteries.

Snacks, chocolates, energy bars.

Emergency money.

Walking stick (optional).

 

CALL US We are ready to take your call.

Call us: Telephone: (+51) (84) 632307, Telefax: (+51) (84) 632307

 

Cell Phone: (+51) (84) 974727031 / 958191179 / 984567085 (24 hours available)

  

Address: Triunfo Street 392 - Centro Artesanal Arte Inka 2nd Floor 212 - Main Square of Cusco

  

Business Hours: Monday to Sunday: (From 9:00am to 13:00PM) - ( From 15:00PM - 8:00PM)

  

E-mail: contact@cuscoexpeditions.com, info@cuscoexpeditions.com

  

MSN: cuscoexpeditions@hotmail.com

  

Website: www.cuscoexpeditions.com/

  

Copyright © 2005-2020 Cusco Expeditions E.I.R.L. - Peruvian Tour Operator - Travel Agency

 

 

 

Biennalist :

Biennalist is an Art Format commenting on active biennials and managed cultural events through artworks.Biennalist takes the thematics of the biennales and similar events like festivals and conferences seriously, questioning the established structures of the staged art events in order to contribute to the debate, which they wish to generate.

-------------------------------------------

links about Biennalist :

 

Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Room_(art)

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

—--Biennale from wikipedia —--

 

The Venice International Film Festival is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.

Biennale (Italian: [bi.enˈnaːle]), Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years. It is most commonly used within the art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions. As such the term was popularised by Venice Biennale, which was first held in 1895. Since the 1990s, the terms "biennale" and "biennial" have been interchangeably used in a more generic way - to signify a large-scale international survey show of contemporary art that recurs at regular intervals but not necessarily biannual (such as triennials, Documenta, Skulptur Projekte Münster).[1] The phrase has also been used for other artistic events, such as the "Biennale de Paris", "Kochi-Muziris Biennale", Berlinale (for the Berlin International Film Festival) and Viennale (for Vienna's international film festival).

Characteristics[edit]

According to author Federica Martini, what is at stake in contemporary biennales is the diplomatic/international relations potential as well as urban regeneration plans. Besides being mainly focused on the present (the “here and now” where the cultural event takes place and their effect of "spectacularisation of the everyday"), because of their site-specificity cultural events may refer back to,[who?] produce or frame the history of the site and communities' collective memory.[2]

 

The Great Exhibition in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, the first attempt to condense the representation of the world within a unitary exhibition space.

A strong and influent symbol of biennales and of large-scale international exhibitions in general is the Crystal Palace, the gigantic and futuristic London architecture that hosted the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to philosopher Peter Sloterdijk,[3][page needed] the Crystal Palace is the first attempt to condense the representation of the world in a unitary exhibition space, where the main exhibit is society itself in an a-historical, spectacular condition. The Crystal Palace main motives were the affirmation of British economic and national leadership and the creation of moments of spectacle. In this respect, 19th century World fairs provided a visual crystallization of colonial culture and were, at the same time, forerunners of contemporary theme parks.

The Venice Biennale as an archetype[edit]

 

The structure of the Venice Biennale in 2005 with an international exhibition and the national pavilions.

The Venice Biennale, a periodical large-scale cultural event founded in 1895, served as an archetype of the biennales. Meant to become a World Fair focused on contemporary art, the Venice Biennale used as a pretext the wedding anniversary of the Italian king and followed up to several national exhibitions organised after Italy unification in 1861. The Biennale immediately put forth issues of city marketing, cultural tourism and urban regeneration, as it was meant to reposition Venice on the international cultural map after the crisis due to the end of the Grand Tour model and the weakening of the Venetian school of painting. Furthermore, the Gardens where the Biennale takes place were an abandoned city area that needed to be re-functionalised. In cultural terms, the Biennale was meant to provide on a biennial basis a platform for discussing contemporary art practices that were not represented in fine arts museums at the time. The early Biennale model already included some key points that are still constitutive of large-scale international art exhibitions today: a mix of city marketing, internationalism, gentrification issues and destination culture, and the spectacular, large scale of the event.

Biennials after the 1990s[edit]

The situation of biennials has changed in the contemporary context: while at its origin in 1895 Venice was a unique cultural event, but since the 1990s hundreds of biennials have been organized across the globe. Given the ephemeral and irregular nature of some biennials, there is little consensus on the exact number of biennials in existence at any given time.[citation needed] Furthermore, while Venice was a unique agent in the presentation of contemporary art, since the 1960s several museums devoted to contemporary art are exhibiting the contemporary scene on a regular basis. Another point of difference concerns 19th century internationalism in the arts, that was brought into question by post-colonial debates and criticism of the contemporary art “ethnic marketing”, and also challenged the Venetian and World Fair’s national representation system. As a consequence of this, Eurocentric tendency to implode the whole word in an exhibition space, which characterises both the Crystal Palace and the Venice Biennale, is affected by the expansion of the artistic geographical map to scenes traditionally considered as marginal. The birth of the Havana Biennial in 1984 is widely considered an important counterpoint to the Venetian model for its prioritization of artists working in the Global South and curatorial rejection of the national pavilion model.

International biennales[edit]

In the term's most commonly used context of major recurrent art exhibitions:

Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, South Australia

Asian Art Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Athens Biennale, in Athens, Greece

Bienal de Arte Paiz, in Guatemala City, Guatemala[4]

Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale (Arts in Marrakech Festival)

Bamako Encounters, a biennale of photography in Mali

Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism

Beijing Biennale

Berlin Biennale (contemporary art biennale, to be distinguished from Berlinale, which is a film festival)

Bergen Assembly (triennial for contemporary art in Bergen, Norway)www.bergenassembly.no

Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China

Bienal de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Biënnale van België, Biennial of Belgium, Belgium

BiennaleOnline Online biennial exhibition of contemporary art from the most promising emerging artists.

Biennial of Hawaii Artists

Biennale de la Biche, the smallest biennale in the world held at deserted island near Guadeloupe, French overseas region[5][6]

Biwako Biennale [ja], in Shiga, Japan

La Biennale de Montreal

Biennale of Luanda : Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace,[7] Angola

Boom Festival, international music and culture festival in Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal

Bucharest Biennale in Bucharest, Romania

Bushwick Biennial, in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York

Canakkale Biennial, in Canakkale, Turkey

Cerveira International Art Biennial, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal [8]

Changwon Sculpture Biennale in Changwon, South Korea

Dakar Biennale, also called Dak'Art, biennale in Dakar, Senegal

Documenta, contemporary art exhibition held every five years in Kassel, Germany

Estuaire (biennale), biennale in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, France

EVA International, biennial in Limerick, Republic of Ireland

Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, in Gothenburg, Sweden[9]

Greater Taipei Contemporary Art Biennial, in Taipei, Taiwan

Gwangju Biennale, Asia's first and most prestigious contemporary art biennale

Havana biennial, in Havana, Cuba

Helsinki Biennial, in Helsinki, Finland

Herzliya Biennial For Contemporary Art, in Herzliya, Israel

Incheon Women Artists' Biennale, in Incheon, South Korea

Iowa Biennial, in Iowa, USA

Istanbul Biennial, in Istanbul, Turkey

International Roaming Biennial of Tehran, in Tehran and Istanbul

Jakarta Biennale, in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jerusalem Biennale, in Jerusalem, Israel

Jogja Biennale, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Karachi Biennale, in Karachi, Pakistan

Keelung Harbor Biennale, in Keelung, Taiwan

Kochi-Muziris Biennale, largest art exhibition in India, in Kochi, Kerala, India

Kortrijk Design Biennale Interieur, in Kortrijk, Belgium

Kobe Biennale, in Japan

Kuandu Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Lagos Biennial, in Lagos, Nigeria[10]

Light Art Biennale Austria, in Austria

Liverpool Biennial, in Liverpool, UK

Lofoten International Art Festival [no] (LIAF), on the Lofoten archipelago, Norway[11]

Manifesta, European Biennale of contemporary art in different European cities

Mediations Biennale, in Poznań, Poland

Melbourne International Biennial 1999

Mediterranean Biennale in Sakhnin 2013

MOMENTA Biennale de l'image [fr] (formerly known as Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal), in Montreal, Canada

MOMENTUM [no], in Moss, Norway[12]

Moscow Biennale, in Moscow, Russia

Munich Biennale, new opera and music-theatre in even-numbered years

Mykonos Biennale

Nakanojo Biennale[13]

NGV Triennial, contemporary art exhibition held every three years at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

October Salon – Belgrade Biennale [sr], organised by the Cultural Center of Belgrade [sr], in Belgrade, Serbia[14]

OSTEN Biennial of Drawing Skopje, North Macedonia[15]

Biennale de Paris

Riga International Biennial of Contemporary Art (RIBOCA), in Riga, Latvia[16]

São Paulo Art Biennial, in São Paulo, Brazil

SCAPE Public Art Christchurch Biennial in Christchurch, New Zealand[17]

Prospect New Orleans

Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism

Sequences, in Reykjavík, Iceland[18]

Shanghai Biennale

Sharjah Biennale, in Sharjah, UAE

Singapore Biennale, held in various locations across the city-state island of Singapore

Screen City Biennial, in Stavanger, Norway

Biennale of Sydney

Taipei Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Taiwan Arts Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Taiwan Film Biennale, in Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, U.S.A.

Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art [el], in Thessaloniki, Greece[19]

Dream city, produced by ART Rue Association in Tunisia

Vancouver Biennale

Visayas Islands Visual Arts Exhibition and Conference (VIVA ExCon) in the Philippines [20]

Venice Biennale, in Venice, Italy, which includes:

Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art

Venice Biennale of Architecture

Venice Film Festival

Vladivostok biennale of Visual Arts, in Vladivostok, Russia

Whitney Biennial, hosted by the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City, NY, USA

Web Biennial, produced with teams from Athens, Berlin and Istanbul.

West Africa Architecture Biennale,[21] Virtual in Lagos, Nigeria.

WRO Biennale, in Wrocław, Poland[22]

Music Biennale Zagreb

[SHIFT:ibpcpa] The International Biennale of Performance, Collaborative and Participatory Arts, Nomadic, International, Scotland, UK.

 

—---Venice Biennale from wikipedia —

 

The Venice Biennale (/ˌbiːɛˈnɑːleɪ, -li/; Italian: La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.[2][3][4] The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of its kind. The main exhibition held in Castello, in the halls of the Arsenale and Biennale Gardens, alternates between art and architecture (hence the name biennale; biennial).[5][6][7] The other events hosted by the Foundation—spanning theatre, music, and dance—are held annually in various parts of Venice, whereas the Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido.[8]

Organization[edit]

Art Biennale

Art Biennale

International Art Exhibition

1895

Even-numbered years (since 2022)

Venice Biennale of Architecture

International Architecture Exhibition

1980

Odd-numbered years (since 2021)

Biennale Musica

International Festival of Contemporary Music

1930

Annually (Sep/Oct)

Biennale Teatro

International Theatre Festival

1934

Annually (Jul/Aug)

Venice Film Festival

Venice International Film Festival

1932

Annually (Aug/Sep)

Venice Dance Biennale

International Festival of Contemporary Dance

1999

Annually (June; biennially 2010–16)

  

International Kids' Carnival

2009

Annually (during Carnevale)

  

History

1895–1947

On April 19, 1893, the Venetian City Council passed a resolution to set up an biennial exhibition of Italian Art ("Esposizione biennale artistica nazionale") to celebrate the silver anniversary of King Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy.[11]

A year later, the council decreed "to adopt a 'by invitation' system; to reserve a section of the Exhibition for foreign artists too; to admit works by uninvited Italian artists, as selected by a jury."[12]

The first Biennale, "I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice)" (although originally scheduled for April 22, 1894) was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia. The first exhibition was seen by 224,000 visitors.

The event became increasingly international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries installed national pavilions at the exhibition, with the first being from Belgium. In 1910 the first internationally well-known artists were displayed: a room dedicated to Gustav Klimt, a one-man show for Renoir, a retrospective of Courbet. A work by Picasso "Family of Saltimbanques" was removed from the Spanish salon in the central Palazzo because it was feared that its novelty might shock the public. By 1914 seven pavilions had been established: Belgium (1907), Hungary (1909), Germany (1909), Great Britain (1909), France (1912), and Russia (1914).

During World War I, the 1916 and 1918 events were cancelled.[13] In 1920 the post of mayor of Venice and president of the Biennale was split. The new secretary general, Vittorio Pica brought about the first presence of avant-garde art, notably Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

1922 saw an exhibition of sculpture by African artists. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists had their work exhibited there. In 1928 the Istituto Storico d'Arte Contemporanea (Historical Institute of Contemporary Art) opened, which was the first nucleus of archival collections of the Biennale. In 1930 its name was changed into Historical Archive of Contemporary Art.

In 1930, the Biennale was transformed into an Ente Autonomo (Autonomous Board) by Royal Decree with law no. 33 of 13-1-1930. Subsequently, the control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist government under Benito Mussolini. This brought on a restructuring, an associated financial boost, as well as a new president, Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. Three entirely new events were established, including the Biennale Musica in 1930, also referred to as International Festival of Contemporary Music; the Venice Film Festival in 1932, which they claim as the first film festival in history,[14] also referred to as Venice International Film Festival; and the Biennale Theatro in 1934, also referred to as International Theatre Festival.

In 1933 the Biennale organized an exhibition of Italian art abroad. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.

During World War II, the activities of the Biennale were interrupted: 1942 saw the last edition of the events. The Film Festival restarted in 1946, the Music and Theatre festivals were resumed in 1947, and the Art Exhibition in 1948.[15]

1948–1973[edit]

The Art Biennale was resumed in 1948 with a major exhibition of a recapitulatory nature. The Secretary General, art historian Rodolfo Pallucchini, started with the Impressionists and many protagonists of contemporary art including Chagall, Klee, Braque, Delvaux, Ensor, and Magritte, as well as a retrospective of Picasso's work. Peggy Guggenheim was invited to exhibit her collection, later to be permanently housed at Ca' Venier dei Leoni.

1949 saw the beginning of renewed attention to avant-garde movements in European—and later worldwide—movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism was introduced in the 1950s, and the Biennale is credited with importing Pop Art into the canon of art history by awarding the top prize to Robert Rauschenberg in 1964.[16] From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennale's exhibition spaces.

In 1954 the island San Giorgio Maggiore provided the venue for the first Japanese Noh theatre shows in Europe. 1956 saw the selection of films following an artistic selection and no longer based upon the designation of the participating country. The 1957 Golden Lion went to Satyajit Ray's Aparajito which introduced Indian cinema to the West.

1962 included Arte Informale at the Art Exhibition with Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Emilio Vedova, and Pietro Consagra. The 1964 Art Exhibition introduced continental Europe to Pop Art (The Independent Group had been founded in Britain in 1952). The American Robert Rauschenberg was the first American artist to win the Gran Premio, and the youngest to date.

The student protests of 1968 also marked a crisis for the Biennale. Student protests hindered the opening of the Biennale. A resulting period of institutional changes opened and ending with a new Statute in 1973. In 1969, following the protests, the Grand Prizes were abandoned. These resumed in 1980 for the Mostra del Cinema and in 1986 for the Art Exhibition.[17]

In 1972, for the first time, a theme was adopted by the Biennale, called "Opera o comportamento" ("Work or Behaviour").

Starting from 1973 the Music Festival was no longer held annually. During the year in which the Mostra del Cinema was not held, there was a series of "Giornate del cinema italiano" (Days of Italian Cinema) promoted by sectorial bodies in campo Santa Margherita, in Venice.[18]

1974–1998[edit]

1974 saw the start of the four-year presidency of Carlo Ripa di Meana. The International Art Exhibition was not held (until it was resumed in 1976). Theatre and cinema events were held in October 1974 and 1975 under the title Libertà per il Cile (Freedom for Chile)—a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

On 15 November 1977, the so-called Dissident Biennale (in reference to the dissident movement in the USSR) opened. Because of the ensuing controversies within the Italian left wing parties, president Ripa di Meana resigned at the end of the year.[19]

In 1979 the new presidency of Giuseppe Galasso (1979-1982) began. The principle was laid down whereby each of the artistic sectors was to have a permanent director to organise its activity.

In 1980, the Architecture section of the Biennale was set up. The director, Paolo Portoghesi, opened the Corderie dell'Arsenale to the public for the first time. At the Mostra del Cinema, the awards were brought back into being (between 1969 and 1979, the editions were non-competitive). In 1980, Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale.[13]

The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva. In 1995, Jean Clair was appointed to be the Biennale's first non-Italian director of visual arts[20] while Germano Celant served as director in 1997.

For the Centenary in 1995, the Biennale promoted events in every sector of its activity: the 34th Festival del Teatro, the 46th art exhibition, the 46th Festival di Musica, the 52nd Mostra del Cinema.[21]

1999–present[edit]

In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artists than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.

In 1999 a new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre).

The 50th edition, 2003, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.

The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.

In 2007, Robert Storr became the first director from the United States to curate the Biennale (the 52nd), with a show entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense.

Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum was artistic director of the 2009 edition entitled "Fare Mondi // Making Worlds".

The 2011 edition was curated by Swiss curator Bice Curiger entitled "ILLUMInazioni – ILLUMInations".

The Biennale in 2013 was curated by the Italian Massimiliano Gioni. His title and theme, Il Palazzo Enciclopedico / The Encyclopedic Palace, was adopted from an architectural model by the self-taught Italian-American artist Marino Auriti. Auriti's work, The Encyclopedic Palace of the World was lent by the American Folk Art Museum and exhibited in the first room of the Arsenale for the duration of the biennale. For Gioni, Auriti's work, "meant to house all worldly knowledge, bringing together the greatest discoveries of the human race, from the wheel to the satellite," provided an analogous figure for the "biennale model itself...based on the impossible desire to concentrate the infinite worlds of contemporary art in a single place: a task that now seems as dizzyingly absurd as Auriti's dream."[22]

Curator Okwui Enwezor was responsible for the 2015 edition.[23] He was the first African-born curator of the biennial. As a catalyst for imagining different ways of imagining multiple desires and futures Enwezor commissioned special projects and programs throughout the Biennale in the Giardini. This included a Creative Time Summit, e-flux journal's SUPERCOMMUNITY, Gulf Labor Coalition, The Invisible Borders Trans-African Project and Abounaddara.[24][25]

The 2017 Biennale, titled Viva Arte Viva, was directed by French curator Christine Macel who called it an "exhibition inspired by humanism".[26] German artist Franz Erhard Walter won the Golden Lion for best artist, while Carolee Schneemann was awarded a posthumous Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.[27]

The 2019 Biennale, titled May You Live In Interesting Times, was directed by American-born curator Ralph Rugoff.[28]

The 2022 edition was curated by Italian curator Cecilia Alemani entitled "The Milk of Dreams" after a book by British-born Mexican surrealist painter Leonora Carrington.[29]

The Biennale has an attendance today of over 500,000 visitors.[30][31][32]

Role in the art market[edit]

When the Venice Biennale was founded in 1895, one of its main goals was to establish a new market for contemporary art. Between 1942 and 1968 a sales office assisted artists in finding clients and selling their work,[33] a service for which it charged 10% commission. Sales remained an intrinsic part of the biennale until 1968, when a sales ban was enacted. An important practical reason why the focus on non-commodities has failed to decouple Venice from the market is that the biennale itself lacks the funds to produce, ship and install these large-scale works. Therefore, the financial involvement of dealers is widely regarded as indispensable;[16] as they regularly front the funding for production of ambitious projects.[34] Furthermore, every other year the Venice Biennale coincides with nearby Art Basel, the world's prime commercial fair for modern and contemporary art. Numerous galleries with artists on show in Venice usually bring work by the same artists to Basel.[35]

Central Pavilion and Arsenale[edit]

The formal Biennale is based at a park, the Giardini. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.

Initiated in 1980, the Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists. From 1999, both the international exhibition and the Aperto were held as one exhibition, held both at the Central Pavilion and the Arsenale. Also in 1999, a $1 million renovation transformed the Arsenale area into a cluster of renovated shipyards, sheds and warehouses, more than doubling the Arsenale's exhibition space of previous years.[36]

A special edition of the 54th Biennale was held at Padiglione Italia of Torino Esposizioni – Sala Nervi (December 2011 – February 2012) for the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification. The event was directed by Vittorio Sgarbi.[37]

National pavilions[edit]

Main article: National pavilions at the Venice Biennale

The Giardini houses 30 permanent national pavilions.[13] Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Giardini are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various countries participating in the Biennale. The first nation to build a pavilion was Belgium in 1907, followed by Germany, Britain and Hungary in 1909.[13] The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their ministries of culture.[38]

Countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini are exhibited in other venues across Venice. The number of countries represented is still growing. In 2005, China was showing for the first time, followed by the African Pavilion and Mexico (2007), the United Arab Emirates (2009), and India (2011).[39]

The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion, established and emerging countries represented at the biennial maintain and fund their pavilions in different ways.[38] While pavilions are usually government-funded, private money plays an increasingly large role; in 2015, the pavilions of Iraq, Ukraine and Syria were completely privately funded.[40] The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council[41] while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State which, since 1985, has been the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.[42] The countries at the Arsenale that request a temporary exhibition space pay a hire fee per square meter.[38]

In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia and Slovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, eleven new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegowina, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada,[43] Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[44] In 2019, four countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Ghana, Madagascar, Malaysia, and Pakistan.[45]

As well as the national pavilions there are countless "unofficial pavilions"[46] that spring up every year. In 2009 there were pavilions such as the Gabon Pavilion and a Peckham pavilion. In 2017 The Diaspora Pavilion bought together 19 artists from complex, multinational backgrounds to challenge the prevalence of the nation state at the Biennale.[47]

The Internet Pavilion (Italian: Padiglione Internet) was founded in 2009 as a platform for activists and artists working in new media.[48][49][50] Subsequent editions were held since,[51] 2013,[51] in conjunction with the biennale.[52]

-----

وینسVenetsiya

art umjetnost umění kunst taideτέχνη művészetList ealaínarte māksla menasartiKunst sztuka artăumenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

venice biennale Venezia Venedig biennalen Bienal_de_Venecia Venise Venecia Bienalo Bienal Biënnale Venetië Veneza Μπιενάλε της Βενετίας ヴェネツィ ア・ビエンナーレ 威尼斯双年展 Venedik Bienali Venetsian biennaali Wenecji biennial #venicebiennale #venicebiennial biennalism

Veneziako Venecija Venècia Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia VenedigΒ ενετία Velence Feneyjar Venice Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja VenezaVeneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴ ェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya Italy italia

 

--------key words

headband protest fashion protestfashion artistic intervention performance artformat action installation critical critic critique institutional critic choregraphy scenography

#venicebiennale #biennalist #artformat #biennale #artbiennale #biennial

#BiennaleArte2024 #artformat

www[dot]blouseroumaine[dot]com/orderthebook_p1[dot]html

 

from the latest movie "La Padrona del Circo"

source:

lavender.fortunecity.com/wildbunch/336/personaggi.htm

Both candidates for the election of Rome's Mayor - the Socialilst Rutelli and the PDL Allemann have invited Ramona Badescu to be on their list.

www.hotnews.ro/stiri-diaspora-2599898-ramona-badescu-prim...

Italians are going to have fun!

For many beautiful (and intelligent) Romanian "Femmes Fatales" read this latest E-Book:

"Blouse Roumaine - the Unsung Voices of Romanian Women"

 

Presented and Selected by Constantin ROMAN

 

Anthology E-BOOK (11BM)

 

DISTRIBUTION: Online with credit card

 

COST: $ 54.99, £34.99 (ca Euros 35.50)

 

LINK: www.blouseroumaine.com/orderthebook_p1.html

 

CONTENTS:

 

2,250,000 words,

 

over 1,000 pages,

 

ca 160 illustrations in text

 

160 critical biographies,

 

58 social categories/professions,

 

600 quotations (mostly translated into English for the first time),

 

circa 3,000 bibliographical references (including URLs and credits)

 

6 Indexes (alphabetical, by profession, timeline, quotation Index, place

 

index and name index)

 

AUTHOR: Constantin Roman is a Scholar with a Doctorate from Cambridge and a Member of the Society of Authors (London). He is an International Adviser, Guest Speaker, Professor Honoris Causa and Commander of the Order of Merit.

  

INDEX BY PROSFESSION: 58 CATEGORIES by Call, Profession or Social Status

 

Academics (22), Actresses (9), Anti-Communist Fighters (14), Architects/Interior Designers (2), Art Critics (9), Artist Book Binders (1), Ballerinas (6), Charity Workers/Benefactors (20), Communist Public Figures (2), Courtesans (3), Designers (2), Diplomats (4), Essayists (11), Ethnographers (6), Exiles & First-generation Romanians born abroad (87), Explorers (1), Feminists (12), Folk Singers (1), Gymnasts, Dressage Riders (2), Historians (5), Honorary Romanian Women (15), Illustrators (3), Journalists (13), Lawyers (4), Librarians (3), Linguists (2), Literary Critics (1), Media (15), Medical Doctors/Nurses (5), Memoir Writers (16), Missionaries and Nuns (4), Mountainéers (2), Museographers (1), Musical Instruments Makers (1), Novelists (24), Opera Singers (16), Painters (14), Peasant Farmers (6), Philosophers and Philosophy Graduates (4), Pianists (6), Pilots (4), Playwrights (5), Poets (29), Political Prisoners (30), Politicians (5), Revolutionaries (2), Royals and Aristocrats (34), Scientists (8), Sculptors (4), Slave (1), Socialites/Hostesses (20), Spouses/Relations of Public Figures (51), Spies (2), Tapestry Weavers (4), Translators (25), Unknown Illustrious (6), Violinists (4), Workers (3)

 

NOTE:

Most of the above 160 Romanian women, in the best tradition of versatility, are true polymaths and therefore nearly each one of them falls in more than just one category, often three or more. This explains why adding the numbers of the 57 individual categories bears no relation to the actual total of the above 160 women included in Blouse Roumaine.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LIST OF 160 CRITICAL BIOGRAPHIES (each supported by Quotations and Bibliography)

 

AA *Gabriela Adamesteanu *Florenta Albu *Nina Arbore *Elena Arnàutoiu *Ioana Raluca Voicu-Arnàutoiu, *Laurentia Arnàutoiu *Mariea Plop - Arnàutoiu *Ana Aslan *Lady Elizabeth Asquith Bibescu

 

BB *Lauren Bacall *Lady Florence Baker *Zoe Bàlàceanu *Ecaterina Bàlàcioiu-Lovinescu *Victorine de Bellio *Pss. Marta Bibescu *Adriana Bittel *Maria Prodan Bjørnson *Ana Blandiana *Yvonne Blondel *Lola Bobescu *Smaranda Bràescu *Elena Bràtianu *Élise Bràtianu *Ioana Bràtianu *Elena Bràtianu- Racottà *Letitzia Bucur

 

CC *Anne-Marie Callimachi *Georgeta Cancicov *Madeleine Cancicov *Pss. Alexandra Cantacuzino *Pss.Maria Cantacuzino (Madame Puvis de Chavannes) *Pss. Maruca Cantacuzino-Enesco* Pss. Catherine Caradja *Elena Caragiani-Stoenescu *Marta Caraion-Blanc, *Nina Cassian, *Otilia Cazimir *Elena Ceausescu *Maria Cebotari *Ioana Celibidache *Hélène Chrissoveloni (Mme Paul Morand)*Alice Cocea *Irina Codreanu *Lizica Codreanu *Alina Cojocaru *Nadia Comàneci *Denisa Comànescu *Lena Constante *Silvia Constantinescu *Doina Cornea *Hortense Cornu *Viorica Cortez*Otilia Cosmutzà *Sandra Cotovu *Ileana Cotrubas *Carmen-Daniela Cràsnaru *Mioara Cremene *Florica Cristoforeanu *Pss. Elena Cuza

 

DD *Hariclea Darclée *Cella Delavrancea *Alina Diaconú *Varinca Diaconú *Anca Diamandy *Marie Ana Dràgescu *Rodica Dràghincescu *Bucura Dumbravà *Natalia Dumitrescu

 

EE *Micaela Eleutheriade *Queen Elisabeth of Romania (‘Carmen Sylva’) *Alexandra Enescu *Mica Ertegün

 

FF *Lizi Florescu, *Maria Forescu *Nicoleta Franck *Aurora Fúlgida

 

GG *Angela Gheorghiu *Pss Grigore Ghica *Pss. Georges Ghika (Liane de Pougy) *Veturia Goga *Maria Golescu *Nadia Gray *Olga Greceanu *Pss. Helen of Greece *Nicole Valéry-Grossu *Carmen Groza

 

HH *Virginia Andreescu Haret *Clara Haskil *Lucia Hossu-Longin

 

II *Pss. Ileana of Romania *Ana Ipàtescu *Marie-France Ionesco *Dora d’Istria *Rodica Iulian

 

JJ *Doina Jela *Lucretia Jurj

 

KK *Mite Kremnitz

 

LL *Marie-Jeanne Lecca *Madeleine Lipatti *Monica Lovinescu *Elena Lupescu

 

MM *Maria Mailat *Ileana Màlàncioiu *Ionela Manolesco *Lilly Marcou *Silvia Marcovici *Queen Marie of Romania *Ioana A. Marin *Ioana Meitani *Gabriela Melinescu *Veronica Micle *Nelly Miricioiu *Herta Müller *Alina Mungiu-Pippidi *Agnes Kelly Murgoci

 

NN *Mabel Nandris *Anita Nandris-Cudla *Lucia Negoità *Mariana Nicolesco *Countess Anna de Noailles *Ana Novac

 

OO *Helen O’Brien *Oana Orlea

 

PP *Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu *Milita Pàtrascu *Ana Pauker *Marta Petreu *Cornelia Pillat *Magdalena Popa *Elvira Popescu

 

RR *Ruxandra Racovitzà *Elisabeta Rizea *Eugenia Roman *Stella Roman *Queen Ana de România, *Pss. Margarita de România *Maria Rosetti *Elisabeth Roudinesco

 

SS *Annie Samuelli *Sylvia Sidney *Henriette-Yvonne Stahl *Countess Leopold Starszensky *Elena Stefoi *Pss. Marina Stirbey *Sanda Stolojan *Cecilia Cutzescu-Storck

 

TT *Maria Tànase *Aretia Tàtàrescu *Monica Theodorescu *Elena Theodorini

 

UU *Viorica Ursuleac

 

VV *Elena Vàcàrescu *Leontina Vàduva *Ana Velescu *Marioara Ventura *Anca Visdei *Wanda Sachelarie Vladimirescu *Alice Steriade Voinescu

 

WW *Sabina Wurmbrand

 

ZZ *Virginia Zeani

   

Boxed In quilt by Elizabeth Dackson - blogged at www.dontcallmebetsy.com/2014/05/boxedinquilt.html

Himno de la palabra de Dios "Cuando abres tu corazón a Dios''

 

Cuando no entiendes a Dios, ni conoces Su carácter,

no podrá abrirse tu corazón de verdad a Dios.

Cuando entiendas a tu Dios, entenderás qué hay en Su corazón,

y probarás lo que hay en Él con toda atención y fe.

Cuando pruebes el corazón de Dios, poco a poco, día a día,

cuando pruebes lo que hay en Su corazón, abrirás tu corazón a Él.

 

Si tu corazón le abres, si tu corazón le abres,

verás el desprecio y vergüenza

de tu extravagante y egoísta petición.

Si tu corazón le abres, si tu corazón le abres,

verás un mundo infinito en Su corazón, y en un reino asombroso estarás.

No hay maldad, oscuridad, ni engaño, cuando a Dios abras tu corazón.

Sólo hay fe, verdad, justicia y luz, cuando a Dios abras tu corazón.

 

Él es amor, Él nos cuida, compasión infinita.

En tu vida gozo habrá, cuando a Dios abras tu corazón.

El mundo está lleno de Su autoridad, poder, sabiduría y amor.

Podrás ver lo que Dios tiene y es,

lo que le da gozo y aflicción,

qué le entristece y enoja, todos lo podrán ver,

cuando a Dios abras tu corazón y le invites a entrar.

De "La Palabra Manifestada En Carne (Continuación)"

 

Recomendación : Musica cristiana de alabanza

 

Fuente de la imagen: Iglesia de Dios Todopoderoso

Términos de uso: es.godfootsteps.org/disclaimer.html

"JAYNE COUNTY'S MAD TEA PARTY..SEX! ART! MUSIC!"

A KYMARA 21ST CENTURY THREE DAY HAPPENING

Friday, April 9, 2010 at 8:00pm

Chelsea Hotel

New York, NY

 

www.punkglobe.com/jaynecountyinterview0809.html

jaynecounty.com/

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayne_County

www.myspace.com/jayneisblonde

www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=34004014453&ref=ts

  

Description

KYMARA 21ST CENTURY HAPENINGS, "PUNK GLOBE MAGAZINE", THE BLUE ELEPHANT EVENTS AND CAFE HARNEY AND SONS FINE TEA, WARWICK VALLEY WINERY AND DISTILLERY AND STUDIO 54 NY SUPERSTAR PARTY HOST, MIESTORM ALONG WITH MILO ROCK AND KYMARA

 

STARRING THE PREMIERE EXHIBIT OF THE ARTISTIC WORKS OF JAYNE COUNTY!!!!!

 

ALONG WITH THE ART, MUSIC AND FILM OF BILLY NAME, ANTON PERICH, CHRISTOPHER MAKOS, MICK ROCK, PRAIRIE PRINCE,CHRISTOPHER LYNCH, MARY WORONOV, LOUIS WALDON, WALTER STEDING, GAZELLE, GORMAN BECHARD, ERIC DANVILLE, THE FLOYDIAN DEVICE, DAVE STREET AND CO. AMANDA BURNS, MARK LA FALCE, AND MANY MORE MUSICIANS AND ARTISTS...

 

ANNOUNCING THE WORKS OF THE "BILLY NAME ANTE ART SUPERSTARS" JAYNE COUNTY, PRAIRIE PRINCE, RUBY LYNN REYNER, ANTON PERICH, MIESTORM, MILO ROCK, FERNANDO CARPANEDA, IAN COUCH, AND KYMARA

 

JAYNE COUNTY WILL BE PERFORMING LIVE AT CHELSEA HOTEL ALONG WITH HER NEW BAND, "THE WAR HOLES" FEATURING

MILO ROCK, FRANK COLEMAN, BOB TOXIC AND ARENA BOUND. VINTAGE FOOTAGE OF JAYNE COUNTY'S LIVE PERFORMANCE BY THE LEGENDARY ANTON PERICH

 

A FABULOUS ARRAY OF JAYNE COUNTY'S HISTORIC COSTUMES WILL BE ON DISPLAY!

 

FASHION SHOW BY "LIVE FAST" NYC

 

AWARD WINNING FILM "FRIENDS WITH BENEFITS" BY INDIE FILM DIRECTOR GORMAN BECHARD FOLLOWED BY A Q&A ON SUNDAY

 

A PORTION OF OUR PROCEEDS BENEFITS THE LGBT COMMUNITY SERVICES CENTER 208 West 13th Street New York, NY 10011

 

QUESTIONS????COMMENTS?????

CALL KYMARA DIRECTLY AT..

207-286-7399

OR EMAIL KYMARA@KYMARA.COM

 

Biography

 

Born in 1947 as Wayne Rogers, County left her hometown of Dallas, Georgia in 1968 to move to New York City, where she became a regular at the Stonewall Inn and took part in the historic riots. In 1969, County was asked by Warhol superstar and playwright Jackie Curtis to appear in her play Femme Fatale at the La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, which also starred Patti Smith. In her autobiography, County says of Curtis, "She was my biggest influence, the person who really got me started." After a successful run of Femme Fatale, County wrote her own play World - Birth Of A Nation which she also appeared in, bringing her to the attention of Andy Warhol, who cast her in his own theatrical production Pork. After a run in New York, the play, with the New York cast, was performed in London for a few months. Upon returning to New York, County appeared in another play, Island, by Tony Ingrassia, again with Patti Smith.

Then, in 1972 County got her first band, Queen Elizabeth together, one of the pioneering glam rock bands. Despite being signed to MainMan Management, David Bowie's management firm, no records were ever produced, although the company did spend over $200,000 to film the 1974 stage show "Wayne at the Trucks", no footage of which has ever been released (even in bootleg form). The show featured numerous costume changes and some of County's raunchiest material. The film remains (presumably) in Bowie's vaults, though eight live recordings from this show were released in audio form on the 2006 CD Wayne County At The Trucks on Munster Records. The show is claimed by County to be the major inspiration for Bowie's stage show for the tour supporting his Diamond Dogs album.[1] In particular, County maintains that the song "Queenage Baby" was a prototype for Bowie's song "Rebel Rebel", a claim which is supported by some rock critics.[2][3]

In 1975, with her new band "The Backstreet Boys," Wayne County recorded three tracks for the compilation Max's Kansas City: New York New Wave, which also featured Suicide, Pere Ubu and The Fast. Wayne County and The Backstreet Boys played regularly at CBGBs and at Max's Kansas City, where County was also a DJ. In 1976, she appeared in the film The Blank Generation, directed by Amos Poe and Ivan Kral. The film, the recording and the shows were the beginnings of what came to be known as punk rock, and helped define this movement for a generation of youth.

In 1977, County left New York to return to London, where the English punk scene was just emerging. Here, she formed a new band called Wayne County & the Electric Chairs. County released the EP Electric Chairs 1977, plus a single on Illegal Records. This was followed by her most famous song, "Fuck Off" recorded as a single for Safari Records, with a European tour in support of the records. While in London, County met Derek Jarman who cast her as the character "Lounge Lizard" in the seminal punk film Jubilee, which also starred Adam Ant, Toyah Willcox, Ian Charleson and Jordan. After this The Electric Chairs recorded their first self-titled album, which featured "Eddie and Sheena", and an EP named Blatantly Offensive, which contained "Fuck Off" and "Toilet Love." After touring, they followed this up with another album Storm The Gates Of Heaven. The next album, released in 1979, was Things Your Mother Never Told You which featured several songs based on County's recent experiences in Germany. After it was released, the band broke up and County (along with guitarist Eliot Michaels) returned to the U.S. in 1979. It was at this time that she officially changed her stage name to "Jayne County" and began self-identifying as a woman. The final release by County on Safari Records, Rock and Roll Resurrection (In Concert), a live album recorded in Toronto on New Year's Eve of 1979, was under this new name.

In 1983, County returned to New York where she appeared in the theatrical production Les Girls with Holly Woodlawn and other performers. After this she returned to London for the premiere of City Of Lost Souls and stayed long enough to tour and record another album Private Oyster with Warren Heighway as manager. Her band included members of various UK based rock bands, including Manchester-based guitarists Stuart Clarke, Chris Lynch and Baz Creece on drums. Following widespread media attention she then returned again to the U.S.

In the 1990s many of the earlier recordings were released, such as the early Safari tracks on a CD called Rock & Roll Cleopatra. She recorded the album Goddess Of Wet Dreams in 1993, followed by Deviation in 1995. That same year she appeared in Wigstock: The Movie and released her autobiography Man Enough To Be A Woman.

Since Deviation, several new tracks have surfaced on various compilations and through Jayne's official website. Many of these tracks, both live and studio recordings, were collected on the Ratcage Records release So New York, including collaborations with Lisa Jackson and former Electric Chairs guitarist Eliot Michaels. A thunderous live show (recorded on Jayne's birthday) was released on the 2002 CD Wash Me In The Blood (Of Rock & Roll)- Live at Squeeze Box by Fang Records, and features a duet on "California Sun" by County and former nemesis "Handsome" Dick Manitoba of The Dictators.

Biennalist :

Biennalist is an Art Format commenting on active biennials and managed cultural events through artworks.Biennalist takes the thematics of the biennales and similar events like festivals and conferences seriously, questioning the established structures of the staged art events in order to contribute to the debate, which they wish to generate.

-------------------------------------------

links about Biennalist :

 

Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Room_(art)

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

—--Biennale from wikipedia —--

 

The Venice International Film Festival is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.

Biennale (Italian: [bi.enˈnaːle]), Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years. It is most commonly used within the art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions. As such the term was popularised by Venice Biennale, which was first held in 1895. Since the 1990s, the terms "biennale" and "biennial" have been interchangeably used in a more generic way - to signify a large-scale international survey show of contemporary art that recurs at regular intervals but not necessarily biannual (such as triennials, Documenta, Skulptur Projekte Münster).[1] The phrase has also been used for other artistic events, such as the "Biennale de Paris", "Kochi-Muziris Biennale", Berlinale (for the Berlin International Film Festival) and Viennale (for Vienna's international film festival).

Characteristics[edit]

According to author Federica Martini, what is at stake in contemporary biennales is the diplomatic/international relations potential as well as urban regeneration plans. Besides being mainly focused on the present (the “here and now” where the cultural event takes place and their effect of "spectacularisation of the everyday"), because of their site-specificity cultural events may refer back to,[who?] produce or frame the history of the site and communities' collective memory.[2]

 

The Great Exhibition in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, the first attempt to condense the representation of the world within a unitary exhibition space.

A strong and influent symbol of biennales and of large-scale international exhibitions in general is the Crystal Palace, the gigantic and futuristic London architecture that hosted the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to philosopher Peter Sloterdijk,[3][page needed] the Crystal Palace is the first attempt to condense the representation of the world in a unitary exhibition space, where the main exhibit is society itself in an a-historical, spectacular condition. The Crystal Palace main motives were the affirmation of British economic and national leadership and the creation of moments of spectacle. In this respect, 19th century World fairs provided a visual crystallization of colonial culture and were, at the same time, forerunners of contemporary theme parks.

The Venice Biennale as an archetype[edit]

 

The structure of the Venice Biennale in 2005 with an international exhibition and the national pavilions.

The Venice Biennale, a periodical large-scale cultural event founded in 1895, served as an archetype of the biennales. Meant to become a World Fair focused on contemporary art, the Venice Biennale used as a pretext the wedding anniversary of the Italian king and followed up to several national exhibitions organised after Italy unification in 1861. The Biennale immediately put forth issues of city marketing, cultural tourism and urban regeneration, as it was meant to reposition Venice on the international cultural map after the crisis due to the end of the Grand Tour model and the weakening of the Venetian school of painting. Furthermore, the Gardens where the Biennale takes place were an abandoned city area that needed to be re-functionalised. In cultural terms, the Biennale was meant to provide on a biennial basis a platform for discussing contemporary art practices that were not represented in fine arts museums at the time. The early Biennale model already included some key points that are still constitutive of large-scale international art exhibitions today: a mix of city marketing, internationalism, gentrification issues and destination culture, and the spectacular, large scale of the event.

Biennials after the 1990s[edit]

The situation of biennials has changed in the contemporary context: while at its origin in 1895 Venice was a unique cultural event, but since the 1990s hundreds of biennials have been organized across the globe. Given the ephemeral and irregular nature of some biennials, there is little consensus on the exact number of biennials in existence at any given time.[citation needed] Furthermore, while Venice was a unique agent in the presentation of contemporary art, since the 1960s several museums devoted to contemporary art are exhibiting the contemporary scene on a regular basis. Another point of difference concerns 19th century internationalism in the arts, that was brought into question by post-colonial debates and criticism of the contemporary art “ethnic marketing”, and also challenged the Venetian and World Fair’s national representation system. As a consequence of this, Eurocentric tendency to implode the whole word in an exhibition space, which characterises both the Crystal Palace and the Venice Biennale, is affected by the expansion of the artistic geographical map to scenes traditionally considered as marginal. The birth of the Havana Biennial in 1984 is widely considered an important counterpoint to the Venetian model for its prioritization of artists working in the Global South and curatorial rejection of the national pavilion model.

International biennales[edit]

In the term's most commonly used context of major recurrent art exhibitions:

Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, South Australia

Asian Art Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Athens Biennale, in Athens, Greece

Bienal de Arte Paiz, in Guatemala City, Guatemala[4]

Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale (Arts in Marrakech Festival)

Bamako Encounters, a biennale of photography in Mali

Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism

Beijing Biennale

Berlin Biennale (contemporary art biennale, to be distinguished from Berlinale, which is a film festival)

Bergen Assembly (triennial for contemporary art in Bergen, Norway)www.bergenassembly.no

Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China

Bienal de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Biënnale van België, Biennial of Belgium, Belgium

BiennaleOnline Online biennial exhibition of contemporary art from the most promising emerging artists.

Biennial of Hawaii Artists

Biennale de la Biche, the smallest biennale in the world held at deserted island near Guadeloupe, French overseas region[5][6]

Biwako Biennale [ja], in Shiga, Japan

La Biennale de Montreal

Biennale of Luanda : Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace,[7] Angola

Boom Festival, international music and culture festival in Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal

Bucharest Biennale in Bucharest, Romania

Bushwick Biennial, in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York

Canakkale Biennial, in Canakkale, Turkey

Cerveira International Art Biennial, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal [8]

Changwon Sculpture Biennale in Changwon, South Korea

Dakar Biennale, also called Dak'Art, biennale in Dakar, Senegal

Documenta, contemporary art exhibition held every five years in Kassel, Germany

Estuaire (biennale), biennale in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, France

EVA International, biennial in Limerick, Republic of Ireland

Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, in Gothenburg, Sweden[9]

Greater Taipei Contemporary Art Biennial, in Taipei, Taiwan

Gwangju Biennale, Asia's first and most prestigious contemporary art biennale

Havana biennial, in Havana, Cuba

Helsinki Biennial, in Helsinki, Finland

Herzliya Biennial For Contemporary Art, in Herzliya, Israel

Incheon Women Artists' Biennale, in Incheon, South Korea

Iowa Biennial, in Iowa, USA

Istanbul Biennial, in Istanbul, Turkey

International Roaming Biennial of Tehran, in Tehran and Istanbul

Jakarta Biennale, in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jerusalem Biennale, in Jerusalem, Israel

Jogja Biennale, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Karachi Biennale, in Karachi, Pakistan

Keelung Harbor Biennale, in Keelung, Taiwan

Kochi-Muziris Biennale, largest art exhibition in India, in Kochi, Kerala, India

Kortrijk Design Biennale Interieur, in Kortrijk, Belgium

Kobe Biennale, in Japan

Kuandu Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Lagos Biennial, in Lagos, Nigeria[10]

Light Art Biennale Austria, in Austria

Liverpool Biennial, in Liverpool, UK

Lofoten International Art Festival [no] (LIAF), on the Lofoten archipelago, Norway[11]

Manifesta, European Biennale of contemporary art in different European cities

Mediations Biennale, in Poznań, Poland

Melbourne International Biennial 1999

Mediterranean Biennale in Sakhnin 2013

MOMENTA Biennale de l'image [fr] (formerly known as Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal), in Montreal, Canada

MOMENTUM [no], in Moss, Norway[12]

Moscow Biennale, in Moscow, Russia

Munich Biennale, new opera and music-theatre in even-numbered years

Mykonos Biennale

Nakanojo Biennale[13]

NGV Triennial, contemporary art exhibition held every three years at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

October Salon – Belgrade Biennale [sr], organised by the Cultural Center of Belgrade [sr], in Belgrade, Serbia[14]

OSTEN Biennial of Drawing Skopje, North Macedonia[15]

Biennale de Paris

Riga International Biennial of Contemporary Art (RIBOCA), in Riga, Latvia[16]

São Paulo Art Biennial, in São Paulo, Brazil

SCAPE Public Art Christchurch Biennial in Christchurch, New Zealand[17]

Prospect New Orleans

Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism

Sequences, in Reykjavík, Iceland[18]

Shanghai Biennale

Sharjah Biennale, in Sharjah, UAE

Singapore Biennale, held in various locations across the city-state island of Singapore

Screen City Biennial, in Stavanger, Norway

Biennale of Sydney

Taipei Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Taiwan Arts Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Taiwan Film Biennale, in Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, U.S.A.

Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art [el], in Thessaloniki, Greece[19]

Dream city, produced by ART Rue Association in Tunisia

Vancouver Biennale

Visayas Islands Visual Arts Exhibition and Conference (VIVA ExCon) in the Philippines [20]

Venice Biennale, in Venice, Italy, which includes:

Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art

Venice Biennale of Architecture

Venice Film Festival

Vladivostok biennale of Visual Arts, in Vladivostok, Russia

Whitney Biennial, hosted by the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City, NY, USA

Web Biennial, produced with teams from Athens, Berlin and Istanbul.

West Africa Architecture Biennale,[21] Virtual in Lagos, Nigeria.

WRO Biennale, in Wrocław, Poland[22]

Music Biennale Zagreb

[SHIFT:ibpcpa] The International Biennale of Performance, Collaborative and Participatory Arts, Nomadic, International, Scotland, UK.

 

—---Venice Biennale from wikipedia —

 

The Venice Biennale (/ˌbiːɛˈnɑːleɪ, -li/; Italian: La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.[2][3][4] The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of its kind. The main exhibition held in Castello, in the halls of the Arsenale and Biennale Gardens, alternates between art and architecture (hence the name biennale; biennial).[5][6][7] The other events hosted by the Foundation—spanning theatre, music, and dance—are held annually in various parts of Venice, whereas the Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido.[8]

Organization[edit]

Art Biennale

Art Biennale

International Art Exhibition

1895

Even-numbered years (since 2022)

Venice Biennale of Architecture

International Architecture Exhibition

1980

Odd-numbered years (since 2021)

Biennale Musica

International Festival of Contemporary Music

1930

Annually (Sep/Oct)

Biennale Teatro

International Theatre Festival

1934

Annually (Jul/Aug)

Venice Film Festival

Venice International Film Festival

1932

Annually (Aug/Sep)

Venice Dance Biennale

International Festival of Contemporary Dance

1999

Annually (June; biennially 2010–16)

  

International Kids' Carnival

2009

Annually (during Carnevale)

  

History

1895–1947

On April 19, 1893, the Venetian City Council passed a resolution to set up an biennial exhibition of Italian Art ("Esposizione biennale artistica nazionale") to celebrate the silver anniversary of King Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy.[11]

A year later, the council decreed "to adopt a 'by invitation' system; to reserve a section of the Exhibition for foreign artists too; to admit works by uninvited Italian artists, as selected by a jury."[12]

The first Biennale, "I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice)" (although originally scheduled for April 22, 1894) was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia. The first exhibition was seen by 224,000 visitors.

The event became increasingly international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries installed national pavilions at the exhibition, with the first being from Belgium. In 1910 the first internationally well-known artists were displayed: a room dedicated to Gustav Klimt, a one-man show for Renoir, a retrospective of Courbet. A work by Picasso "Family of Saltimbanques" was removed from the Spanish salon in the central Palazzo because it was feared that its novelty might shock the public. By 1914 seven pavilions had been established: Belgium (1907), Hungary (1909), Germany (1909), Great Britain (1909), France (1912), and Russia (1914).

During World War I, the 1916 and 1918 events were cancelled.[13] In 1920 the post of mayor of Venice and president of the Biennale was split. The new secretary general, Vittorio Pica brought about the first presence of avant-garde art, notably Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

1922 saw an exhibition of sculpture by African artists. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists had their work exhibited there. In 1928 the Istituto Storico d'Arte Contemporanea (Historical Institute of Contemporary Art) opened, which was the first nucleus of archival collections of the Biennale. In 1930 its name was changed into Historical Archive of Contemporary Art.

In 1930, the Biennale was transformed into an Ente Autonomo (Autonomous Board) by Royal Decree with law no. 33 of 13-1-1930. Subsequently, the control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist government under Benito Mussolini. This brought on a restructuring, an associated financial boost, as well as a new president, Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. Three entirely new events were established, including the Biennale Musica in 1930, also referred to as International Festival of Contemporary Music; the Venice Film Festival in 1932, which they claim as the first film festival in history,[14] also referred to as Venice International Film Festival; and the Biennale Theatro in 1934, also referred to as International Theatre Festival.

In 1933 the Biennale organized an exhibition of Italian art abroad. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.

During World War II, the activities of the Biennale were interrupted: 1942 saw the last edition of the events. The Film Festival restarted in 1946, the Music and Theatre festivals were resumed in 1947, and the Art Exhibition in 1948.[15]

1948–1973[edit]

The Art Biennale was resumed in 1948 with a major exhibition of a recapitulatory nature. The Secretary General, art historian Rodolfo Pallucchini, started with the Impressionists and many protagonists of contemporary art including Chagall, Klee, Braque, Delvaux, Ensor, and Magritte, as well as a retrospective of Picasso's work. Peggy Guggenheim was invited to exhibit her collection, later to be permanently housed at Ca' Venier dei Leoni.

1949 saw the beginning of renewed attention to avant-garde movements in European—and later worldwide—movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism was introduced in the 1950s, and the Biennale is credited with importing Pop Art into the canon of art history by awarding the top prize to Robert Rauschenberg in 1964.[16] From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennale's exhibition spaces.

In 1954 the island San Giorgio Maggiore provided the venue for the first Japanese Noh theatre shows in Europe. 1956 saw the selection of films following an artistic selection and no longer based upon the designation of the participating country. The 1957 Golden Lion went to Satyajit Ray's Aparajito which introduced Indian cinema to the West.

1962 included Arte Informale at the Art Exhibition with Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Emilio Vedova, and Pietro Consagra. The 1964 Art Exhibition introduced continental Europe to Pop Art (The Independent Group had been founded in Britain in 1952). The American Robert Rauschenberg was the first American artist to win the Gran Premio, and the youngest to date.

The student protests of 1968 also marked a crisis for the Biennale. Student protests hindered the opening of the Biennale. A resulting period of institutional changes opened and ending with a new Statute in 1973. In 1969, following the protests, the Grand Prizes were abandoned. These resumed in 1980 for the Mostra del Cinema and in 1986 for the Art Exhibition.[17]

In 1972, for the first time, a theme was adopted by the Biennale, called "Opera o comportamento" ("Work or Behaviour").

Starting from 1973 the Music Festival was no longer held annually. During the year in which the Mostra del Cinema was not held, there was a series of "Giornate del cinema italiano" (Days of Italian Cinema) promoted by sectorial bodies in campo Santa Margherita, in Venice.[18]

1974–1998[edit]

1974 saw the start of the four-year presidency of Carlo Ripa di Meana. The International Art Exhibition was not held (until it was resumed in 1976). Theatre and cinema events were held in October 1974 and 1975 under the title Libertà per il Cile (Freedom for Chile)—a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

On 15 November 1977, the so-called Dissident Biennale (in reference to the dissident movement in the USSR) opened. Because of the ensuing controversies within the Italian left wing parties, president Ripa di Meana resigned at the end of the year.[19]

In 1979 the new presidency of Giuseppe Galasso (1979-1982) began. The principle was laid down whereby each of the artistic sectors was to have a permanent director to organise its activity.

In 1980, the Architecture section of the Biennale was set up. The director, Paolo Portoghesi, opened the Corderie dell'Arsenale to the public for the first time. At the Mostra del Cinema, the awards were brought back into being (between 1969 and 1979, the editions were non-competitive). In 1980, Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale.[13]

The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva. In 1995, Jean Clair was appointed to be the Biennale's first non-Italian director of visual arts[20] while Germano Celant served as director in 1997.

For the Centenary in 1995, the Biennale promoted events in every sector of its activity: the 34th Festival del Teatro, the 46th art exhibition, the 46th Festival di Musica, the 52nd Mostra del Cinema.[21]

1999–present[edit]

In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artists than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.

In 1999 a new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre).

The 50th edition, 2003, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.

The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.

In 2007, Robert Storr became the first director from the United States to curate the Biennale (the 52nd), with a show entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense.

Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum was artistic director of the 2009 edition entitled "Fare Mondi // Making Worlds".

The 2011 edition was curated by Swiss curator Bice Curiger entitled "ILLUMInazioni – ILLUMInations".

The Biennale in 2013 was curated by the Italian Massimiliano Gioni. His title and theme, Il Palazzo Enciclopedico / The Encyclopedic Palace, was adopted from an architectural model by the self-taught Italian-American artist Marino Auriti. Auriti's work, The Encyclopedic Palace of the World was lent by the American Folk Art Museum and exhibited in the first room of the Arsenale for the duration of the biennale. For Gioni, Auriti's work, "meant to house all worldly knowledge, bringing together the greatest discoveries of the human race, from the wheel to the satellite," provided an analogous figure for the "biennale model itself...based on the impossible desire to concentrate the infinite worlds of contemporary art in a single place: a task that now seems as dizzyingly absurd as Auriti's dream."[22]

Curator Okwui Enwezor was responsible for the 2015 edition.[23] He was the first African-born curator of the biennial. As a catalyst for imagining different ways of imagining multiple desires and futures Enwezor commissioned special projects and programs throughout the Biennale in the Giardini. This included a Creative Time Summit, e-flux journal's SUPERCOMMUNITY, Gulf Labor Coalition, The Invisible Borders Trans-African Project and Abounaddara.[24][25]

The 2017 Biennale, titled Viva Arte Viva, was directed by French curator Christine Macel who called it an "exhibition inspired by humanism".[26] German artist Franz Erhard Walter won the Golden Lion for best artist, while Carolee Schneemann was awarded a posthumous Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.[27]

The 2019 Biennale, titled May You Live In Interesting Times, was directed by American-born curator Ralph Rugoff.[28]

The 2022 edition was curated by Italian curator Cecilia Alemani entitled "The Milk of Dreams" after a book by British-born Mexican surrealist painter Leonora Carrington.[29]

The Biennale has an attendance today of over 500,000 visitors.[30][31][32]

Role in the art market[edit]

When the Venice Biennale was founded in 1895, one of its main goals was to establish a new market for contemporary art. Between 1942 and 1968 a sales office assisted artists in finding clients and selling their work,[33] a service for which it charged 10% commission. Sales remained an intrinsic part of the biennale until 1968, when a sales ban was enacted. An important practical reason why the focus on non-commodities has failed to decouple Venice from the market is that the biennale itself lacks the funds to produce, ship and install these large-scale works. Therefore, the financial involvement of dealers is widely regarded as indispensable;[16] as they regularly front the funding for production of ambitious projects.[34] Furthermore, every other year the Venice Biennale coincides with nearby Art Basel, the world's prime commercial fair for modern and contemporary art. Numerous galleries with artists on show in Venice usually bring work by the same artists to Basel.[35]

Central Pavilion and Arsenale[edit]

The formal Biennale is based at a park, the Giardini. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.

Initiated in 1980, the Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists. From 1999, both the international exhibition and the Aperto were held as one exhibition, held both at the Central Pavilion and the Arsenale. Also in 1999, a $1 million renovation transformed the Arsenale area into a cluster of renovated shipyards, sheds and warehouses, more than doubling the Arsenale's exhibition space of previous years.[36]

A special edition of the 54th Biennale was held at Padiglione Italia of Torino Esposizioni – Sala Nervi (December 2011 – February 2012) for the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification. The event was directed by Vittorio Sgarbi.[37]

National pavilions[edit]

Main article: National pavilions at the Venice Biennale

The Giardini houses 30 permanent national pavilions.[13] Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Giardini are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various countries participating in the Biennale. The first nation to build a pavilion was Belgium in 1907, followed by Germany, Britain and Hungary in 1909.[13] The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their ministries of culture.[38]

Countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini are exhibited in other venues across Venice. The number of countries represented is still growing. In 2005, China was showing for the first time, followed by the African Pavilion and Mexico (2007), the United Arab Emirates (2009), and India (2011).[39]

The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion, established and emerging countries represented at the biennial maintain and fund their pavilions in different ways.[38] While pavilions are usually government-funded, private money plays an increasingly large role; in 2015, the pavilions of Iraq, Ukraine and Syria were completely privately funded.[40] The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council[41] while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State which, since 1985, has been the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.[42] The countries at the Arsenale that request a temporary exhibition space pay a hire fee per square meter.[38]

In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia and Slovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, eleven new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegowina, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada,[43] Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[44] In 2019, four countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Ghana, Madagascar, Malaysia, and Pakistan.[45]

As well as the national pavilions there are countless "unofficial pavilions"[46] that spring up every year. In 2009 there were pavilions such as the Gabon Pavilion and a Peckham pavilion. In 2017 The Diaspora Pavilion bought together 19 artists from complex, multinational backgrounds to challenge the prevalence of the nation state at the Biennale.[47]

The Internet Pavilion (Italian: Padiglione Internet) was founded in 2009 as a platform for activists and artists working in new media.[48][49][50] Subsequent editions were held since,[51] 2013,[51] in conjunction with the biennale.[52]

-----

وینسVenetsiya

art umjetnost umění kunst taideτέχνη művészetList ealaínarte māksla menasartiKunst sztuka artăumenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

venice biennale Venezia Venedig biennalen Bienal_de_Venecia Venise Venecia Bienalo Bienal Biënnale Venetië Veneza Μπιενάλε της Βενετίας ヴェネツィ ア・ビエンナーレ 威尼斯双年展 Venedik Bienali Venetsian biennaali Wenecji biennial #venicebiennale #venicebiennial biennalism

Veneziako Venecija Venècia Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia VenedigΒ ενετία Velence Feneyjar Venice Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja VenezaVeneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴ ェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya Italy italia

 

--------key words

headband protest fashion protestfashion artistic intervention performance artformat action installation critical critic critique institutional critic choregraphy scenography

#venicebiennale #biennalist #artformat #biennale #artbiennale #biennial

#BiennaleArte2024 #artformat

Original Caption: Geneva physician Dr. Charles Ashby checks patient, a local businessman, May 1973

  

U.S. National Archives’ Local Identifier: 412-DA-4912

 

Photographer: O'Rear, Charles, 1941-

  

Subjects:

Lincoln (Nebraska)

Environmental Protection Agency

Project DOCUMERICA

  

Persistent URL: research.archives.gov/description/547399

 

Repository: Still Picture Records Section, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001.

 

For information about ordering reproductions of photographs held by the Still Picture Unit, visit: www.archives.gov/research/order/still-pictures.html

 

Reproductions may be ordered via an independent vendor. NARA maintains a list of vendors at www.archives.gov/research/order/vendors-photos-maps-dc.html

 

Access Restrictions: Unrestricted

Use Restrictions: Unrestricted

www.kingdomsalvation.org/ru/gospel/why-God-destroy-all-ev...

 

Ответ из Божьего слова:

 

Приближение конца всего сущего означает конец Божьего труда и конец развития человечества. Это означает, что человечество, будучи прельщенным сатаной, достигло конца своего развития и что потомки Адама и Евы размножились до соответствующих пределов, и это также означает, что развитие такого человечества, которое стало прельщенным сатаной, не может продолжаться... Когда Его труд завершится, те люди, которые останутся, будут очищены и насладятся более дивной второй человеческой жизнью на земле, поскольку войдут в человеческое царство высшего порядка; иными словами, они войдут в день покоя человечества и будут жить вместе с Богом. После того как те, которые не могут уцелеть, подвергнутся обличению и суду, их изначальные формы будут полностью изобличены; после этого они все будут уничтожены, и им, как и сатане, больше не будет предоставлена возможность выживания на земле. В человечестве будущего никаких подобных типов людей больше не будет; данные люди не годятся для того, чтобы вступить на землю окончательного покоя, не годятся они и для участия в дне покоя, который Бог разделит с человеком, ибо они являются целью для наказания, являются нечестивыми, и это люди неправедные… Его величайший труд по наказанию зла и вознаграждению добра совершается всецело для того, чтобы целиком и полностью очистить все человечество, дабы Он смог привести абсолютно святое человечество к вечному покою. Данный этап Его работы – это Его наиважнейший труд. Это завершающий этап всей Его работы управления. Если бы Бог не уничтожил нечестивцев, а позволил бы им уцелеть, в таком случае все человечество не смогло бы войти в покой, и Бог не смог бы привести человечество в лучший мир. И данная работа не была бы полностью завершена. Когда Он закончит Свою работу, все человечество будет святым целиком и полностью. Только в таком случае Бог может умиротворенно жить в покое.

 

из «Бог и человек вместе войдут в покой» в книге «Слово является во плоти»

 

Продолжить чтение:

Евангелие дня «Готовь для своего предназначения достаточное количество добрых дел» (Отрывок 2)

 

Image Source: Церковь Всемогущего Бога

 

Terms of Use: www.kingdomsalvation.org/ru/disclaimer.html

CIF CENTRAL SECTION CHAMPIONSHIP

 

Liberty High School - Wednesday, May 14, 2008

www.andynoise.com/valley08.html

 

Central Section Grand Masters

 

At Liberty

 

Team standings--unavailable.

 

400 relay--1. Bakersfield (Hunt, Turner, Johnson, Norwood), 42.28; 2. Clovis East (Bourbon, Scott, Smith, Woods), 42.58; 3. Redwood (Stewart, Ray, Root, Coles), 43.07; 4. Central (Newsome, Bigelow, Hammack, Phillips), 43.15. 1,600--1. Chris Schwartz, Foot, 4:15.80; 2. Jonathan Sanchez, Buch, 4:17.48; 3. Eric Battles, CW, 4:20.34; 4. Jesse Arellano, Mad, 4:21.56. 110H--1. Ethan DeJongh, MtW, 14.49; 2. Sean Johnson, Buch, 14.66; 3. Jon Funch, CW, 14.81; 4. Isiah Crunk, Wash, 15.17. 400--1. Maurice Lewis, Ed, 49.08; 2. Isiah Purvis, Lib, 49.13; 3. Daniel Lozano, Stock, 49.35; 4. Jelani Hendrix, Ed, 49.62. 100--1. Brendon Bigelow, Central, 10.62; 2. Emmanuel Turner, Bak, 10.81; 3. Matt Sumlin, Gar, 10.91; 4. Chris Lopez, GW, 10.98. 800--1. Anthony Mitchell, North, 1:54.19; 2. Aric Champagne, MtW, 1:54.97; 3. Andrew Campbell, CW, 1:55.69; 4. Arturo Ramirez, Centennial, 1:55.83. 300H--1. DeJongh, MtW, 37.93; 2. Cody Alves, Sel, 37.94; 3. James Smith, CE, 39.03; 4. Sean Johnson, Buch, 39.28. 200--1. Brendon Bigelow, Central, 21.29; 2. Isiah Purvis, Lib, 21.96; 3. Mario Navarette, Sanger, 22.04; 4. Chris Lopez, GW, 22.29. 3,200--1. Chris Schwartz, Foot, 9:24.19; 2. Jonathan Sanchez, Buch, 9:24.99; 3. Jon Ross, CE, 9:26.42; 4. Danny Vartanien, Buch, 9:26.42. 1,600 relay--1. Edison (Hendrix, Carter, Boughton, Lewis), 3:17.86; 2. Liberty (Hill, Garside, Affentranger, Purvis), 3:18.95; 3. Bakersfield (Miller, Turner, Johnson, Gooden), 3:20.06; 4. Clovis East (Ellis, Defonska, Woods, Smith), 3:22.40. PV--1. Andrew Lohse, Mad, 15-0; 2. Michael Peterson, CE, 15-0J; 3. Jeff Brenner, Cl, 14-6; 4. Frankie Puente, Sel, 14-0. SP--1. Dayshan Ragans, Foot, 60-7; 2. Matt Darr, Fron, 52-8.75; 3. Troy Rush, CW, 52-8.5; 4. Christian Millard, CE, 51-10.5. TJ--1. Johnny Carter, Ridge, 48-3; 2. Tyler Thompson, Shaf, 47-3; 3. Chris Kelly, Ridge, 46-11.5; 4. Jordan Smith, Central, 46-10.5. D--1. Dayshan Ragans, Foot, 199-2; 2. Jacob Budwig, Fowl, 168-8; 3. Niko Gomes, Cl, 164-10; 4. Matt Darr, Fron, 157-7. LJ--1. Kenny Phillips, Central, 23-4; 2. Tyler Thompson, Shaf, 21-11.5; 3. Dillon Root, Red, 21-11; 4. Kevin Norwood, GV, 21-8.75. HJ--1. Kenny Phillips, Central, 6-8; 2. Isiah Griggs, Bak, 6-6; 3. George Robbins, West, 6-4; 4. Jeff Brenner, Cl, 6-4J.

 

Notes: Top three in each event advance to state meet, May 30-31 in Norwalk. The two wild cards with the best times/marks from all sections also advance.

 

Girls track

 

Central Section Grand Masters

 

At Liberty

 

Team standings--unavailable.

 

400 relay--1. Edison (Eng, Scott, Thompson, Sears), 47.16; 2. Bullard (J. Williams, Riddlesprigger, Baisch, L. Williams), 48.17; 3. Tulare Western, 48.73; 4. Bakersfield (Torres, Belt, Brown, Wandick), 48.80. 1,600--1. Saleh Barsarian, Cl, 5:02.98; 2. Meghan Marvin, Cl, 5:03.02; 3. Chloe Allen, CW, 5:04.62; 4. Allison Gonzales, Ex, 5:11.52; 100H--1. Alyssa Monteverde, CW, 14.59; 2. Brianny Williams, Ed, 14.60; 3. Taylor Jackson, Fr, 15.04; 4. Jen Melton, CW, 15.37. 400--1. Breanna Thompson, Ed, 56.64; 2. Dedrea Wyrik, Sun, 57.49; 3. Lasasha Aldredge, Central, 58.12; 4. Taylor Donaldson, Reed, 58.13. 100--1. Megan Del Pino, CW, 11.66; 2. Jenna Prandini, Cl, 11.74; 3. Lynn Williams, Bul, 12.00; 4. Brushay Wandick, Bak, 12.01. 800--1. Allysa Mejia, Reed, 2:17.47; 2. Molly Pahkamaa, ElD, 2:17.73; 3. Katie Fry, Ex, 2:18.74; 4. Ashlee Thomas, Centennial, 2:19.77. 300H--1. Alyssa Monteverde, CW, 43.92; 2. Taylor Jackson, Fron, 44.86; 3. Brianny Williams, Ed, 45.69; 4. Alana Alexander, Centennial, 46.12. 200--1. Megan Del Pino, CW, 23.94; 2. Dominique Whittington, Lem, 24.65; 3. Brushay Wandick, Bak, 24.69; 4. Breanna Thompson, Ed, 24.90. 3,200--1. Jordan Hasay, MP, 10:24.78; 2. Meghan Marvin, Cl, 10:59.96; 3. Chloe Allen, CW, 11:06.19; 4. Corina Mendoza, Mad, 11:32.06. 1,600 relay--1. Edison (Burk, Thompson, Scott, Smith), 3:54.89; 2. Stockdale (Cady, Anderson, Mello, S. Anderson), 3:58.26; 3. Clovis West (Laidley, Capriotti, Del Pino, Monteverde), 3:59.02; 4. Reedley, 3:59.07. D--1. Anna Jelmini, Shaf, 162-5; 2. Alex Collatz, Stock, 148-6; 3. Carey Tuuamalemalo, Taft, 130-9; 4. Janae Coffee, CW, 121-6. LJ--1. Jenna Prandini, Cl, 18-7.25; 2. Lynn Williams, Bul, 18-0.75; 3. Alana Alexander, Centennial, 17-6.75; 4. Ja'Nia Sears, Ed, 17-6.5. HJ--1. Alyssa Monteverde, CW, 5-4; 2. Cristina Muro, GW, 5-2; 3. Katherine Mahr, Buch, 5-2; 4. Marish Riddlesprigger, Bul, 5-2J. SP--1. Anna Jelmini, Shaf, 44-0.75; 2. Destanie Yarbrough, CE, 37-10; 3. Heather Vermillion, Red, 37-9; 4. Tasha Firstone, CW, 36-6.5. TJ--1. Alana Alexander, Centennial, 38-3.75; 2. Jenna Prandini, Cl, 38-3; 3. Goziam Okolie, 36-10.5; 4. Alex Collatz, Stock, 36-2. PV--1. Allison Berryhill, CW, 11-6; 2. Amanda Klinchuch, Lib, 11-6J; 3. Cheree Jones, King, 10-6; 4. Emily Falkenstein, Buch, 10-6J.

 

Notes: Top three in each event advance to state meet, May 30-31 in Norwalk. The two wild cards with the best times/marks from all sections also advance.

 

VENICE BIENNALE / VENEZIA BIENNIAL 2013 : BIENNALIST

www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html

 

Biennalist is an Art Format by Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel debating with artistic tools on Biennales and other cultural managed events . Often those events promote them selves with thematics and press releases faking their aim . Biennalist take the thematics of the Biennales very seriously , and test their pertinance . Artists have questioned for decade the canvas , the pigment , the museum ... since 1989 we question the Biennales .Often Biennalist converge with Emergency Room providing a burning content that cannot wait ( today before it is too late )

please contact before using the images : Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel 1@colonel.dk

www.colonel.dk

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In 2013 Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel is represented at the Malives pavilion at the Venice Biennale and then went further and received hospitality at the Zimbabwe pavilion with the Emergency Room Mobile

www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html

 

Meanwhile Thierry Geoffroy is in Copenhagen the work about todays emergencies continue at the gallery Marianne Friis on the

ULTRACONTEMPOARY WARM UP Wall established for this occasion since 6sept 2013

thierrygeoffroy.blogspot.dk/2013/09/colonel-s-warm-up-wal...

www.emergencyrooms.org

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lists of artists participating at the Venice Biennale :

Hilma af Klint, Victor Alimpiev, Ellen Altfest, Paweł Althamer, Levi Fisher Ames, Yuri Ancarani, Carl Andre, Uri Aran, Yüksel Arslan, Ed Atkins, Marino Auriti, Enrico Baj, Mirosław Bałka, Phyllida Barlow, Morton Bartlett, Gianfranco Baruchello, Hans Bellmer, Neïl Beloufa, Graphic Works of Southeast Asia and Melanesia, Hugo A. Bernatzik Collection, Ștefan Bertalan, Rossella Biscotti, Arthur Bispo do Rosário, John Bock, Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, Geta Brătescu, KP Brehmer, James Lee Byars, Roger Caillois, Varda Caivano, Vlassis Caniaris, James Castle, Alice Channer, George Condo, Aleister Crowley & Frieda Harris, Robert Crumb, Roberto Cuoghi, Enrico David, Tacita Dean, John De Andrea, Thierry De Cordier, Jos De Gruyter e Harald Thys, Walter De Maria, Simon Denny, Trisha Donnelly, Jimmie Durham, Harun Farocki, Peter Fischli & David Weiss, Linda Fregni Nagler, Peter Fritz, Aurélien Froment, Phyllis Galembo, Norbert Ghisoland, Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Domenico Gnoli, Robert Gober, Tamar Guimarães and Kasper Akhøj, Guo Fengyi, João Maria Gusmão & Pedro Paiva, Wade Guyton, Haitian Vodou Flags, Duane Hanson, Sharon Hayes, Camille Henrot, Daniel Hesidence, Roger Hiorns, Channa Horwitz, Jessica Jackson Hutchins, René Iché, Hans Josephsoh, Kan Xuan, Bouchra Khalili, Ragnar Kjartansson, Eva Kotátková, Evgenij Kozlov, Emma Kunz, Maria Lassnig, Mark Leckey, Augustin Lesage, Lin Xue, Herbert List, José Antonio Suárez Londoño, Sarah Lucas, Helen Marten, Paul McCarthy, Steve McQueen, Prabhavathi Meppayil, Marisa Merz, Pierre Molinier, Matthew Monahan, Laurent Montaron, Melvin Moti, Matt Mullican, Ron Nagle, Bruce Nauman, Albert Oehlen, Shinro Ohtake, J.D. ‘Okhai Ojeikere, Henrik Olesen, John Outterbridg, Paño Drawings, Marco Paolini, Diego Perrone, Walter Pichler, Otto Piene, Eliot Porter, Imran Qureshi, Carol Rama, Charles Ray, James Richards, Achilles G. Rizzoli, Pamela Rosenkranz, Dieter Roth, Viviane Sassen, Shinichi Sawada, Hans Schärer, Karl Schenker, Michael Schmidt, Jean-Frédéric Schnyder, Friedrich Schröder-Sonnenstern, Tino Sehgal, Richard Serra, Shaker Gift Drawings, Jim Shaw, Cindy Sherman, Laurie Simmons e Allan McCollum, Drossos P. Skyllas, Harry Smith, Xul Solar, Christiana Soulou, Eduard Spelterini, Rudolf Steiner, Hito Steyerl, Papa Ibra Tall, Dorothea Tanning, Anonymous Tantric Paintings, Ryan Trecartin, Rosemarie Trockel, Andra Ursuta, Patrick Van Caeckenbergh, Stan VanDerBeek, Erik van Lieshout, Danh Vo, Eugene Von Bruenchenhein, Günter Weseler, Jack Whitten, Cathy Wilkes, Christopher Williams, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Kohei YoshiyUKi, Sergey Zarva, Anna Zemánková, Jakub Julian Ziółkowski ,Artur Żmijewski.

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other pavilions at Venice Biennale

 

Andorra Artists: Javier Balmaseda, Samantha Bosque, Fiona Morrison

Commissioner: Henry Périer Deputy Commissioners: Francesc Rodríguez, Ermengol Puig, Ruth Casabella

Curators: Josep M. Ubach, Paolo De GrandisAngola Artist: Edson Chagas Commissioner: Ministry of Culture

Curators: Beyond Entropy (Paula Nascimento, Stefano Rabolli Pansera), Jorge Gumbe, Feliciano dos Santos

Argentina Artist: Nicola Costantino Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace Curator: Fernando Farina

Armenia Artist: Ararat SarkissianCurator: Arman Grogoryan /AustraliaArtist: Simryn Gill Commissioner: Simon Mordant Deputy Commissioner: Penelope Seidler Curator: Catherine de Zegher /AustriaArtist: Mathias Poledna ,Curator: Jasper Sharp /AzerbaijanArtists: Rashad Alakbarov, Sanan Aleskerov, Chingiz Babayev, Butunay Hagverdiyev, Fakhriyya Mammadova, Farid Rasulov /Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev FoundationCurator: Hervé Mikaeloff

Bahamas Artist: Tavares Strachan Commissioner: Nalini Bethel, Ministry of Tourism Curators: Jean Crutchfield, Robert HobbsDeputy Curator: Stamatina Gregory/BangladeshChhakka Artists’ Group: Mokhlesur Rahman, Mahbub Zamal, A. K. M. Zahidul Mustafa, Ashok Karmaker, Lala Rukh Selim, Uttam Kumar Karmaker. Dhali Al Mamoon, Yasmin Jahan Nupur, Gavin Rain, Gianfranco Meggiato, Charupit School/Commissioner/Curator: Francesco Elisei. , Curator: Fabio Anselmi./BahrainArtists: Mariam Haji, Waheeda Malullah, Camille Zakharia /Commissioner: Mai bint Mohammed Al Khalifa, Minister of Culture /Curator: Melissa Enders-Bhatiaa/BelgiumArtist: Berlinde De Bruyckere

Commissioner: Joke Schauvliege, Flemish Minister for Environment, Nature and Culture .Curator: J. M. Coetzee ,Deputy Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren /Bosnia and Herzegovina

Artist: Mladen Miljanovic .Commissioners: Sarita Vujković, Irfan Hošić

Brazil Artists: Hélio Fervenza, Odires Mlászho, Lygia Clark, Max Bill, Bruno Munari

Commissioner: Luis Terepins, Fundação Bienal de São Paulo,Curator: Luis Pérez-Oramas ,Deputy Curator: André Severo

CanadaArtist: Shary Boyle /Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada / Musée des beaux-arts du Canada ,Curator: Josée Drouin-Brisebois/Central AsiaArtists: Vyacheslav Akhunov, Sergey Chutkov, Saodat Ismailova, Kamilla Kurmanbekova, Ikuru Kuwajima, Anton Rodin, Aza Shade, Erlan Tuyakov

Commissioner: HIVOS (Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation)

Deputy Commissioner: Dean Vanessa Ohlraun (Oslo National Academy of the Arts/The Academy of Fine Art)

Curators: Ayatgali Tuleubek, Tiago Bom

Scientific Committee: Susanne M. Winterling

ChileArtist: Alfredo JaarCommissioner: CNCA, National Council of Culture and the Arts Curator: Madeleine Grynsztejn

ChinaArtists: He Yunchang, Hu Yaolin, Miao Xiaochun, Shu Yong, Tong Hongsheng, Wang Qingsong, Zhang Xiaotao

Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group (CAEG) ,Curator: Wang Chunchen

Costa Rica Artists: Priscilla Monge, Esteban Piedra, Rafael Ottón Solís, Cinthya Soto

Commissioner: Francesco EliseiCurator: Francisco Córdoba, Museo de Arte y Diseño Contemporáneo (Fiorella Resenterra)

Croatia Artist: Kata Mijatovic ,Commissioner/Curator: Branko Franceschi.

CubaArtists: Liudmila and Nelson, Maria Magdalena Campos & Neil Leonard, Sandra Ramos, Glenda León, Lázaro Saavedra, Tonel, Hermann Nitsch, Gilberto Zorio, Wang Du, H.H.Lim, Pedro Costa, Rui Chafes, Francesca Leone ,Commissioner: Miria ViciniCurators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza

CyprusArtists: Lia Haraki, Maria Hassabi, Phanos Kyriacou, Constantinos Taliotis, Natalie Yiaxi, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter Sinister /Louli Michaelidou

Deputy Commissioners: Angela Skordi, Marika Ioannou/Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas

Czech Republic & Slovak RepublicArtists: Petra Feriancova, Zbynek Baladran ,Commissioner: Monika Palcova, Curator: Marek Pokorny /DenmarkArtist: Jesper Just in collaboration with Project ProjectsEgypt

Artists: Mohamed Banawy, Khaled Zaki

EstoniaArtist: Dénes Farkas ,Commissioner: Maria Arusoo ,Curator: Adam Budak

FinlandArtist: Antti Laitinen , Commissioner: Raija Koli , Curators: Marko Karo, Mika Elo, Harri Laakso

FranceArtist: Anri Sala ,Curator: Christine Macel

GeorgiaArtists: Bouillon Group,Thea Djordjadze, Nikoloz Lutidze, Gela Patashuri with Ei Arakawa and Sergei Tcherepnin, Gio Sumbadze/Commissioner: Marine Mizandari, First Deputy Minister of Culture Curator: Joanna Warsza

GermanyArtists: Ai Weiwei, Romuald Karmakar, Santu Mofokeng, Dayanita Singh Commissioner/Curator: Susanne Gaensheimer /Great BritainArtist: Jeremy Deller ,Commissioner: Andrea Rose , Curator: Emma Gifford-Mead

Holy SeeArtists: Lawrence Carroll, Josef Koudelka, Studio Azzurro ,Curator: Antonio Paolucci

Hungary , Artist: Zsolt Asztalos , Curator: Gabriella Uhl

Iceland , Artist: Katrín Sigurðardóttir ,Commissioner: Dorotheé Kirch

Curators: Mary Ceruti , Ilaria Bonacossa/IndonesiaArtists: Albert Yonathan Setyawan, Eko Nugroho, Entang Wiharso, Rahayu Supanggah, Sri Astari, Titarubi

Deputy Commissioner: Achille Bonito Oliva , Assistant Commissioner: Mirah M. Sjarif

Curators: Carla Bianpoen, Rifky Effendy

IraqArtists: Abdul Raheem Yassir, Akeel Khreef, Ali Samiaa, Bassim Al-Shaker, Cheeman Ismaeel, Furat al Jamil, Hareth Alhomaam, Jamal Penjweny, Kadhim Nwir, WAMI (Yaseen Wami, Hashim Taeeh)

Commissioner: Tamara Chalabi (Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture)Curator: Jonathan Watkins.

IrelandArtist: Richard MosseCommissioner, Curator: Anna O’Sullivan

Israel , Artist: Gilad Ratman , Commissioners: Arad Turgeman, Michael GovCurator: Sergio Edelstein

ItalyArtists: Francesco Arena, Massimo Bartolini, Gianfranco Baruchello, Elisabetta Benassi, Flavio Favelli, Luigi Ghirri, Piero Golia, Francesca Grilli, Marcello Maloberti, Fabio Mauri, Giulio Paolini, Marco Tirelli, Luca Vitone, Sislej Xhafa ,Commissioner: Maddalena Ragni

Curator: Bartolomeo Pietromarchi /Ivory Coast Artists: Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, Tamsir Dia, Jems Koko Bi, Franck Fanny

Commissioner: Paolo De Grandis , Curator: Yacouba Konaté

Japan ,Artist: Koki Tanaka ,Curator: Mika Kuraya

KenyaArtists: Kivuthi Mbuno, Armando Tanzini, Chrispus Wangombe Wachira, Fan Bo, Luo Ling & Liu Ke, Lu Peng, Li Wei, He Weiming, Chen Wenling, Feng Zhengjie, César MeneghettiCommissioner: Paola Poponi ,Curators: Sandro Orlandi, Paola Poponi /Korea (Republic of)Artist: Kimsooja

KosovoArtist: Petrit Halilaj ,Commissioner: Erzen Shkololli ,Curator: Kathrin Rhomberg

KuwaitArtists: Sami Mohammad, Tarek Al-Ghoussein

Commissioner: Mohammed Al-Asoussi ,Curator: Ala Younis /Latin AmericaIstituto Italo-Latino Americano

Artists:Marcos Agudelo, Miguel Alvear & Patricio Andrade, Susana Arwas, François Bucher, Fredi Casco, Colectivo Quintapata (Pascal Meccariello, Raquel Paiewonsky, Jorge Pineda, Belkis Ramírez), Humberto Díaz, Sonia Falcone, León & Cociña, Lucía Madriz, Jhafis Quintero, Martín Sastre, Guillermo Srodek-Hart, Juliana Stein, Simón Vega, Luca Vitone, David Zink Yi. /Harun Farocki & Antje Ehmann. In collaboration with: Cristián Silva-Avária, Anna Azevedo, Paola Barreto, Fred Benevides, Anna Bentes, Hermano Callou, Renata Catharino, Patrick Sonni Cavalier, Lucas Ferraço Nassif, Luiz Garcia, André Herique, Bruna Mastrogiovanni, Cezar Migliorin, Felipe Ribeiro, Roberto Robalinho, Bruno Vianna, Beny Wagner, Christian Jankowski ,Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal ,Curator: Alfons Hug

Deputy Curator: Paz Guevara /Latvia Artists: Kaspars Podnieks, Krišs Salmanis ,Commissioners: Zane Culkstena, Zane Onckule ,Curators: Anne Barlow, Courtenay Finn, Alise Tifentale

LithuaniaArtist: Gintaras Didžiapetris, Elena Narbutaite, Liudvikas Buklys, Kazys Varnelis, Vytaute Žilinskaite, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter SinisterCommissioners: Jonas Žokaitis, Aurime Aleksandraviciute Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas /LuxembourgArtist: Catherine LorentCommissioner: Clément Minighetti Curator: Anna Loporcaro /MexicoArtist: Ariel Guzik ,Commissioner: Gastón Ramírez Feltrín ,Curator: Itala Schmelz

Montenegro ,Artist: Irena Lagator Pejovic .Commissioner/Curator: Nataša Nikcevic

The Netherlands ,Artist: Mark Manders

Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund ,Curator: Lorenzo Benedetti

New Zealand Artist: Bill Culbert ,Commissioner: Jenny Harper ,Deputy Commissioner: Heather Galbraith ,Curator: Justin Paton /Finland: ,Artist: Terike Haapoja ,Commissioner: Raija Koli ,Curators: Marko Karo, Mika Elo, Harri Laakso

Norway:Artists: Edvard Munch, Lene Berg

Curators: Marta Kuzma, Pablo Lafuente, Angela Vettese

Paraguay Artists: Pedro Barrail, Felix Toranzos, Diana Rossi, Daniel Milessi ,Commissioner: Elisa Victoria Aquino Laterza

Deputy Commissioner: Nori Vaccari Starck , Curator: Osvaldo González Real

Poland Artist: Konrad Smolenski Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska Curators: Agnieszka Pindera, Daniel Muzyczuk

Portugal Artist: Joana Vasconcelos Curator: Miguel Amado

RomaniaArtists: Maria Alexandra Pirici, Manuel Pelmus Commissioner: Monica Morariu Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damia Curator: Raluca VoineaArtists: Anca Mihulet, Apparatus 22 (Dragos Olea, Maria Farcas,Erika Olea), Irina Botea, Nicu Ilfoveanu, Karolina Bregula, Adi Matei, Olivia Mihaltianu, Sebastian MoldovanCommissioner: Monica Morariu ,Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian ,Curator: Anca Mihulet

Russia Artist: Vadim Zakharov ,Commissioner: Stella Kasaeva ,Curator: Udo Kittelmann

Serbia Artists: Vladimir Peric, Miloš Tomic .Commissioner: Maja Ciric

SloveniaArtist: Jasmina CibicCommissioner: Blaž Peršin ,Curator: Tevž Logar

South Africa Commissioner: Saul Molobi ,Curator: Brenton Maart

Spain Artist: Lara Almarcegui , Commissioner/Curator: Octavio Zaya

Switzerland Artist: Valentin Carron Commissioners: Pro Helvetia - Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki

Curator: Giovanni CarmineVenue: Pavilion at Giardini

Syrian Arab RepublicArtists: Giorgio De Chirico, Miro George, Makhowl Moffak, Al Samman Nabil, Echtai Shaffik, Giulio Durini, Dario Arcidiacono, Massimiliano Alioto, Felipe Cardena, Roberto Paolini, Concetto Pozzati, Sergio Lombardo, Camilla Ancilotto, Lucio Micheletti, Lidia Bachis, Cracking Art Group, Hannu Palosuo

Commissioner: Christian Maretti Curator: Duccio Trombadori

Taiwan Artists: Bernd Behr, Chia-Wei Hsu, Kateřina Šedá + BATEŽO MIKILU Curator: Esther Lu

Thailand Artists: Wasinburee Supanichvoraparch, Arin Rungjang

Curators: Penwadee Nophaket Manont, Worathep Akkabootara

Turkey Artist: Ali Kazma Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts Curator: Emre Baykal

Ukraine Artists: Ridnyi Mykola, Zinkovskyi Hamlet, Kadyrova Zhanna Commissioner: Victor Sydorenko

Curators: Soloviov Oleksandr, Burlaka Victoria

United Arab Emirates Artist: Mohammed Kazem /Commissioner: Dr. Lamees Hamdan Curator: Reem Fadda

Uruguay Artist: Wifredo Díaz Valdéz

Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale Curators: Carlos Capelán, Verónica Cordeiro

USA Artist: Sarah Sze Commissioners/Curators: Carey Lovelace, Holly Block

Venezuela Colectivo de Artistas Urbanos Venezolanos , Commissioner: Edgar Ernesto González Curator: Juan Calzadilla

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Encyclopedic Palace is curated by Massimiliano Gioni

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Other Biennales (Biennials ) : Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale

Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art

 

My Name Is Barack Hussein Obama, and I Approve of Humiliating myself For U.s.(1)

 

In Barack's quest to apologize for America by bowing to foreign dictators, has he failed to speak up for our Republic and freedom?

 

Submitted for your approval...

Meet Barack Obama, a portrait of self-obsession. Barry brought America to her knees with his Marxist policies. Now, we face the Obamination of Desolation crisis(2) in the Obama Zone…

 

Tweeter Meme of Obama TV Shows for Obowma, the Superbower in the Obama Zone

 

t.co/ApX24ke9 Indefinite Arrested Development #ObamaTVShows

10:41 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/sJ14BJAt Absolut Obamunism #ObamaTVShows

10:43 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/7tsJVFM4 America's Got Trouble #ObamaTVShows

10:44 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/qIVxdIpt Big Brother #ObamaTVShows

 

10:45 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/gyoQAa1w The Blunder Years #ObamaTVShows

10:48 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/sBbi3Ucg Crappy Days #ObamaTVShows

10:49 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/EbJHXy96 Czar 54, Where Are You? #ObamaTVShows

10:50 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/maki4HRT Volt 54, Where Are You? #ObamaTVShows

10:51 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/wwJF4lEN The Debt is High #ObamaTVShows

10:52 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/kW2SQ34x Different Strokes #ObamaTVShows

10:53 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/uhsDEOpq The Dukes of Kenya #ObamaTVShows

10:55 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/JQbZit2P The Fascist Princess of Bel-Air #ObamaTVShows

10:57 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/wwJF4lEN The Sixteen Trillion Dollar Man #ObamaTVShows

11:00 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/WjcODUrx Fast and Furious #ObamaTVShows

11:02 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/vgNlXvVy Fascist Forward #ObamaTVShows

11:04 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/ib20Gd4j Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. #ObamaTVShows

11:07 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/xAfNzUAr Lost In Space #ObamaTVShows

11:11 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/OpdzAGfp M. A. S. H. - Made America a Socialist Hell #ObamaTVShows

11:13 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/TFeWUop8 Muslim Island #ObamaTVShows

11:15 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/d9N2zLyx My Favorite Marxist #ObamaTVShows

11:16 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/HczzLAqM NBC Nightly News with Barry Soetoro #ObamaTVShows

11:18 PM Aug 29, 2012

      

t.co/SwWj7VDp Wheel of Misfortune #ObamaTVShows

11:19 PM Aug 29, 2012

       

You Tube Video: The Obama Zone

  

(1) Photoshop Satire notes…

 

A) Ah-So Sorry Emperor Akihito, my Pacific Puppet -

Barack Bows down to Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo on Nov 14, 2009.

 

Obama's Saikeirei (最敬礼 Profound Bow, bending over more than 45 degrees from the waist from the upright posture) expressed a sincere apology. A Japanese reporter asked Obama, "Was it the Right Decision" to Drop A-Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end World War II? The Apologist-in-Chief did not answer her question.

 

B) Comrade Hu, Can I have my Chinese Change now? -

Barack Bows to Chinese President Hu Jintao during the official arrivals for the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington on April 12, 2010.

  

China is the largest foreign holder of U.S. debt. According to the U.S. Treasury, China held 1.15 trillion dollars of Treasury Securities as of June, 2012. Japan comes in a close second with 1.11 trillion dollars.

  

C) You might be a Muslim if you bow down to King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia. -

Barack Bows down to King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud at the G20 Summit in London on Apr 2 , 2009.

 

Obama Admits He Is A Muslim

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCAffMSWSzY]

  

D) Special delivery of my Obamacare Oinkment for my Subservient Swine Flu Puppet. -

Barack Bows to Mexican President Felipe Calderon at the G20 Summit in Los Cabos, Baja California, Mexico on June 18, 2012.

  

(2) The failed Obamanomics of Obama's Economic Record.

 

1. Median Household Income has declined by 7.3% percent from January 2009 ($54,983) to June 2012 ($50,964)

 

2. According to the Federal Reserve, the median net worth of families plunged by 39 percent in three years, from $126,400 in 2007 to $77,300 in 2010

 

3. According to the Federal Reserve, the percentage of families with no or negative wealth increased to 32.5 percent in 2010 - up from 19.2 percent in 2007.

 

4. According to the Pew Research Center, the middle income class has shrunk to 51 percent in 2011 from 61 percent in 1971.

 

5. According to the Pew Research Center, the median Net Worth of the Middle Class plummeted 39% from $152,950 in 2007 to $93,150 in 2010.

 

6. According to the Pew Research Center, middle income class share of U.S. income shrunk to 45 percent in 2010 from 62 percent in 1970.

 

7. The unemployment rate in the United States has been above 8 percent for 43 straight months from Feb 2009 to Aug 2012.

 

8. Long-term Unemployed Americans (jobless for 27 weeks or more) has risen by 92 percent from 2.6 million (Jan 20, 2009) to 5 million (Aug 2012)

 

9. The average duration of unemployment is 39.2 weeks (Aug 2012), a 96 percent increase from strong>20 weeks when Obama took office.

 

10. The percentage of working age Americans with a job has been below 59 percent for 36 straight months

 

11. According to the National Employment Law Project, 58 percent of the new jobs created have been low paying jobs.

 

12. According to the Center for Economic and Policy Research, only 24.6 percent of all of the jobs are "good jobs."

 

13. In 2011, 53 percent of college graduates under the age of 25 were either unemployed or underemployed last year.

 

14. The number of jobs created by new businesses decreased by approximately 1 million from 2008 to 2010.

 

15. One out of every four workers earn less than $10 per hour in the 'Recovery' from the Great Recession.

 

16. Due to the Great Recession, the average pay for self-employed people has fallen 8 percent from $46724 in 2006 to $43,003 in 2010.

 

17. In the past decade, insurance premiums have increased three times as fast as wages.

 

18. Worker Health insurance contributions have risen by 17.5 percent from 3,515 family coveragein 2009 to $4,129 family coverage in 2011.

 

19. From 2001 to 2010, America has lost 15 manufacturing facilities every day on average. In 2010, an average of 23 manufacturing facilities every day closed every day.

 

20. According to Harvard Univesity's State of the Nation's Housing 2012 Study, 20.2 million American households spent more than half of their incomes on housing in 2010, a 12.8 percent increase from 2007 (17.9 million American households)

 

21. Since 2009, the cost of Household electricity skyrocketed by $300 in one year to $1419 in 2010. Electric rates have increased above the inflation rate for five consecutive years.

 

22. Home Values have fallen 18 percent.

 

Biennalist :

Biennalist is an Art Format commenting on active biennials and managed cultural events through artworks.Biennalist takes the thematics of the biennales and similar events like festivals and conferences seriously, questioning the established structures of the staged art events in order to contribute to the debate, which they wish to generate.

-------------------------------------------

links about Biennalist :

 

Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Room_(art)

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

—--Biennale from wikipedia —--

 

The Venice International Film Festival is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.

Biennale (Italian: [bi.enˈnaːle]), Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years. It is most commonly used within the art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions. As such the term was popularised by Venice Biennale, which was first held in 1895. Since the 1990s, the terms "biennale" and "biennial" have been interchangeably used in a more generic way - to signify a large-scale international survey show of contemporary art that recurs at regular intervals but not necessarily biannual (such as triennials, Documenta, Skulptur Projekte Münster).[1] The phrase has also been used for other artistic events, such as the "Biennale de Paris", "Kochi-Muziris Biennale", Berlinale (for the Berlin International Film Festival) and Viennale (for Vienna's international film festival).

Characteristics[edit]

According to author Federica Martini, what is at stake in contemporary biennales is the diplomatic/international relations potential as well as urban regeneration plans. Besides being mainly focused on the present (the “here and now” where the cultural event takes place and their effect of "spectacularisation of the everyday"), because of their site-specificity cultural events may refer back to,[who?] produce or frame the history of the site and communities' collective memory.[2]

 

The Great Exhibition in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, the first attempt to condense the representation of the world within a unitary exhibition space.

A strong and influent symbol of biennales and of large-scale international exhibitions in general is the Crystal Palace, the gigantic and futuristic London architecture that hosted the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to philosopher Peter Sloterdijk,[3][page needed] the Crystal Palace is the first attempt to condense the representation of the world in a unitary exhibition space, where the main exhibit is society itself in an a-historical, spectacular condition. The Crystal Palace main motives were the affirmation of British economic and national leadership and the creation of moments of spectacle. In this respect, 19th century World fairs provided a visual crystallization of colonial culture and were, at the same time, forerunners of contemporary theme parks.

The Venice Biennale as an archetype[edit]

 

The structure of the Venice Biennale in 2005 with an international exhibition and the national pavilions.

The Venice Biennale, a periodical large-scale cultural event founded in 1895, served as an archetype of the biennales. Meant to become a World Fair focused on contemporary art, the Venice Biennale used as a pretext the wedding anniversary of the Italian king and followed up to several national exhibitions organised after Italy unification in 1861. The Biennale immediately put forth issues of city marketing, cultural tourism and urban regeneration, as it was meant to reposition Venice on the international cultural map after the crisis due to the end of the Grand Tour model and the weakening of the Venetian school of painting. Furthermore, the Gardens where the Biennale takes place were an abandoned city area that needed to be re-functionalised. In cultural terms, the Biennale was meant to provide on a biennial basis a platform for discussing contemporary art practices that were not represented in fine arts museums at the time. The early Biennale model already included some key points that are still constitutive of large-scale international art exhibitions today: a mix of city marketing, internationalism, gentrification issues and destination culture, and the spectacular, large scale of the event.

Biennials after the 1990s[edit]

The situation of biennials has changed in the contemporary context: while at its origin in 1895 Venice was a unique cultural event, but since the 1990s hundreds of biennials have been organized across the globe. Given the ephemeral and irregular nature of some biennials, there is little consensus on the exact number of biennials in existence at any given time.[citation needed] Furthermore, while Venice was a unique agent in the presentation of contemporary art, since the 1960s several museums devoted to contemporary art are exhibiting the contemporary scene on a regular basis. Another point of difference concerns 19th century internationalism in the arts, that was brought into question by post-colonial debates and criticism of the contemporary art “ethnic marketing”, and also challenged the Venetian and World Fair’s national representation system. As a consequence of this, Eurocentric tendency to implode the whole word in an exhibition space, which characterises both the Crystal Palace and the Venice Biennale, is affected by the expansion of the artistic geographical map to scenes traditionally considered as marginal. The birth of the Havana Biennial in 1984 is widely considered an important counterpoint to the Venetian model for its prioritization of artists working in the Global South and curatorial rejection of the national pavilion model.

International biennales[edit]

In the term's most commonly used context of major recurrent art exhibitions:

Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, South Australia

Asian Art Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Athens Biennale, in Athens, Greece

Bienal de Arte Paiz, in Guatemala City, Guatemala[4]

Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale (Arts in Marrakech Festival)

Bamako Encounters, a biennale of photography in Mali

Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism

Beijing Biennale

Berlin Biennale (contemporary art biennale, to be distinguished from Berlinale, which is a film festival)

Bergen Assembly (triennial for contemporary art in Bergen, Norway)www.bergenassembly.no

Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China

Bienal de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Biënnale van België, Biennial of Belgium, Belgium

BiennaleOnline Online biennial exhibition of contemporary art from the most promising emerging artists.

Biennial of Hawaii Artists

Biennale de la Biche, the smallest biennale in the world held at deserted island near Guadeloupe, French overseas region[5][6]

Biwako Biennale [ja], in Shiga, Japan

La Biennale de Montreal

Biennale of Luanda : Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace,[7] Angola

Boom Festival, international music and culture festival in Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal

Bucharest Biennale in Bucharest, Romania

Bushwick Biennial, in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York

Canakkale Biennial, in Canakkale, Turkey

Cerveira International Art Biennial, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal [8]

Changwon Sculpture Biennale in Changwon, South Korea

Dakar Biennale, also called Dak'Art, biennale in Dakar, Senegal

Documenta, contemporary art exhibition held every five years in Kassel, Germany

Estuaire (biennale), biennale in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, France

EVA International, biennial in Limerick, Republic of Ireland

Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, in Gothenburg, Sweden[9]

Greater Taipei Contemporary Art Biennial, in Taipei, Taiwan

Gwangju Biennale, Asia's first and most prestigious contemporary art biennale

Havana biennial, in Havana, Cuba

Helsinki Biennial, in Helsinki, Finland

Herzliya Biennial For Contemporary Art, in Herzliya, Israel

Incheon Women Artists' Biennale, in Incheon, South Korea

Iowa Biennial, in Iowa, USA

Istanbul Biennial, in Istanbul, Turkey

International Roaming Biennial of Tehran, in Tehran and Istanbul

Jakarta Biennale, in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jerusalem Biennale, in Jerusalem, Israel

Jogja Biennale, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Karachi Biennale, in Karachi, Pakistan

Keelung Harbor Biennale, in Keelung, Taiwan

Kochi-Muziris Biennale, largest art exhibition in India, in Kochi, Kerala, India

Kortrijk Design Biennale Interieur, in Kortrijk, Belgium

Kobe Biennale, in Japan

Kuandu Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Lagos Biennial, in Lagos, Nigeria[10]

Light Art Biennale Austria, in Austria

Liverpool Biennial, in Liverpool, UK

Lofoten International Art Festival [no] (LIAF), on the Lofoten archipelago, Norway[11]

Manifesta, European Biennale of contemporary art in different European cities

Mediations Biennale, in Poznań, Poland

Melbourne International Biennial 1999

Mediterranean Biennale in Sakhnin 2013

MOMENTA Biennale de l'image [fr] (formerly known as Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal), in Montreal, Canada

MOMENTUM [no], in Moss, Norway[12]

Moscow Biennale, in Moscow, Russia

Munich Biennale, new opera and music-theatre in even-numbered years

Mykonos Biennale

Nakanojo Biennale[13]

NGV Triennial, contemporary art exhibition held every three years at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

October Salon – Belgrade Biennale [sr], organised by the Cultural Center of Belgrade [sr], in Belgrade, Serbia[14]

OSTEN Biennial of Drawing Skopje, North Macedonia[15]

Biennale de Paris

Riga International Biennial of Contemporary Art (RIBOCA), in Riga, Latvia[16]

São Paulo Art Biennial, in São Paulo, Brazil

SCAPE Public Art Christchurch Biennial in Christchurch, New Zealand[17]

Prospect New Orleans

Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism

Sequences, in Reykjavík, Iceland[18]

Shanghai Biennale

Sharjah Biennale, in Sharjah, UAE

Singapore Biennale, held in various locations across the city-state island of Singapore

Screen City Biennial, in Stavanger, Norway

Biennale of Sydney

Taipei Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Taiwan Arts Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Taiwan Film Biennale, in Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, U.S.A.

Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art [el], in Thessaloniki, Greece[19]

Dream city, produced by ART Rue Association in Tunisia

Vancouver Biennale

Visayas Islands Visual Arts Exhibition and Conference (VIVA ExCon) in the Philippines [20]

Venice Biennale, in Venice, Italy, which includes:

Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art

Venice Biennale of Architecture

Venice Film Festival

Vladivostok biennale of Visual Arts, in Vladivostok, Russia

Whitney Biennial, hosted by the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City, NY, USA

Web Biennial, produced with teams from Athens, Berlin and Istanbul.

West Africa Architecture Biennale,[21] Virtual in Lagos, Nigeria.

WRO Biennale, in Wrocław, Poland[22]

Music Biennale Zagreb

[SHIFT:ibpcpa] The International Biennale of Performance, Collaborative and Participatory Arts, Nomadic, International, Scotland, UK.

 

—---Venice Biennale from wikipedia —

 

The Venice Biennale (/ˌbiːɛˈnɑːleɪ, -li/; Italian: La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.[2][3][4] The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of its kind. The main exhibition held in Castello, in the halls of the Arsenale and Biennale Gardens, alternates between art and architecture (hence the name biennale; biennial).[5][6][7] The other events hosted by the Foundation—spanning theatre, music, and dance—are held annually in various parts of Venice, whereas the Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido.[8]

Organization[edit]

Art Biennale

Art Biennale

International Art Exhibition

1895

Even-numbered years (since 2022)

Venice Biennale of Architecture

International Architecture Exhibition

1980

Odd-numbered years (since 2021)

Biennale Musica

International Festival of Contemporary Music

1930

Annually (Sep/Oct)

Biennale Teatro

International Theatre Festival

1934

Annually (Jul/Aug)

Venice Film Festival

Venice International Film Festival

1932

Annually (Aug/Sep)

Venice Dance Biennale

International Festival of Contemporary Dance

1999

Annually (June; biennially 2010–16)

  

International Kids' Carnival

2009

Annually (during Carnevale)

  

History

1895–1947

On April 19, 1893, the Venetian City Council passed a resolution to set up an biennial exhibition of Italian Art ("Esposizione biennale artistica nazionale") to celebrate the silver anniversary of King Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy.[11]

A year later, the council decreed "to adopt a 'by invitation' system; to reserve a section of the Exhibition for foreign artists too; to admit works by uninvited Italian artists, as selected by a jury."[12]

The first Biennale, "I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice)" (although originally scheduled for April 22, 1894) was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia. The first exhibition was seen by 224,000 visitors.

The event became increasingly international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries installed national pavilions at the exhibition, with the first being from Belgium. In 1910 the first internationally well-known artists were displayed: a room dedicated to Gustav Klimt, a one-man show for Renoir, a retrospective of Courbet. A work by Picasso "Family of Saltimbanques" was removed from the Spanish salon in the central Palazzo because it was feared that its novelty might shock the public. By 1914 seven pavilions had been established: Belgium (1907), Hungary (1909), Germany (1909), Great Britain (1909), France (1912), and Russia (1914).

During World War I, the 1916 and 1918 events were cancelled.[13] In 1920 the post of mayor of Venice and president of the Biennale was split. The new secretary general, Vittorio Pica brought about the first presence of avant-garde art, notably Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

1922 saw an exhibition of sculpture by African artists. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists had their work exhibited there. In 1928 the Istituto Storico d'Arte Contemporanea (Historical Institute of Contemporary Art) opened, which was the first nucleus of archival collections of the Biennale. In 1930 its name was changed into Historical Archive of Contemporary Art.

In 1930, the Biennale was transformed into an Ente Autonomo (Autonomous Board) by Royal Decree with law no. 33 of 13-1-1930. Subsequently, the control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist government under Benito Mussolini. This brought on a restructuring, an associated financial boost, as well as a new president, Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. Three entirely new events were established, including the Biennale Musica in 1930, also referred to as International Festival of Contemporary Music; the Venice Film Festival in 1932, which they claim as the first film festival in history,[14] also referred to as Venice International Film Festival; and the Biennale Theatro in 1934, also referred to as International Theatre Festival.

In 1933 the Biennale organized an exhibition of Italian art abroad. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.

During World War II, the activities of the Biennale were interrupted: 1942 saw the last edition of the events. The Film Festival restarted in 1946, the Music and Theatre festivals were resumed in 1947, and the Art Exhibition in 1948.[15]

1948–1973[edit]

The Art Biennale was resumed in 1948 with a major exhibition of a recapitulatory nature. The Secretary General, art historian Rodolfo Pallucchini, started with the Impressionists and many protagonists of contemporary art including Chagall, Klee, Braque, Delvaux, Ensor, and Magritte, as well as a retrospective of Picasso's work. Peggy Guggenheim was invited to exhibit her collection, later to be permanently housed at Ca' Venier dei Leoni.

1949 saw the beginning of renewed attention to avant-garde movements in European—and later worldwide—movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism was introduced in the 1950s, and the Biennale is credited with importing Pop Art into the canon of art history by awarding the top prize to Robert Rauschenberg in 1964.[16] From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennale's exhibition spaces.

In 1954 the island San Giorgio Maggiore provided the venue for the first Japanese Noh theatre shows in Europe. 1956 saw the selection of films following an artistic selection and no longer based upon the designation of the participating country. The 1957 Golden Lion went to Satyajit Ray's Aparajito which introduced Indian cinema to the West.

1962 included Arte Informale at the Art Exhibition with Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Emilio Vedova, and Pietro Consagra. The 1964 Art Exhibition introduced continental Europe to Pop Art (The Independent Group had been founded in Britain in 1952). The American Robert Rauschenberg was the first American artist to win the Gran Premio, and the youngest to date.

The student protests of 1968 also marked a crisis for the Biennale. Student protests hindered the opening of the Biennale. A resulting period of institutional changes opened and ending with a new Statute in 1973. In 1969, following the protests, the Grand Prizes were abandoned. These resumed in 1980 for the Mostra del Cinema and in 1986 for the Art Exhibition.[17]

In 1972, for the first time, a theme was adopted by the Biennale, called "Opera o comportamento" ("Work or Behaviour").

Starting from 1973 the Music Festival was no longer held annually. During the year in which the Mostra del Cinema was not held, there was a series of "Giornate del cinema italiano" (Days of Italian Cinema) promoted by sectorial bodies in campo Santa Margherita, in Venice.[18]

1974–1998[edit]

1974 saw the start of the four-year presidency of Carlo Ripa di Meana. The International Art Exhibition was not held (until it was resumed in 1976). Theatre and cinema events were held in October 1974 and 1975 under the title Libertà per il Cile (Freedom for Chile)—a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

On 15 November 1977, the so-called Dissident Biennale (in reference to the dissident movement in the USSR) opened. Because of the ensuing controversies within the Italian left wing parties, president Ripa di Meana resigned at the end of the year.[19]

In 1979 the new presidency of Giuseppe Galasso (1979-1982) began. The principle was laid down whereby each of the artistic sectors was to have a permanent director to organise its activity.

In 1980, the Architecture section of the Biennale was set up. The director, Paolo Portoghesi, opened the Corderie dell'Arsenale to the public for the first time. At the Mostra del Cinema, the awards were brought back into being (between 1969 and 1979, the editions were non-competitive). In 1980, Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale.[13]

The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva. In 1995, Jean Clair was appointed to be the Biennale's first non-Italian director of visual arts[20] while Germano Celant served as director in 1997.

For the Centenary in 1995, the Biennale promoted events in every sector of its activity: the 34th Festival del Teatro, the 46th art exhibition, the 46th Festival di Musica, the 52nd Mostra del Cinema.[21]

1999–present[edit]

In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artists than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.

In 1999 a new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre).

The 50th edition, 2003, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.

The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.

In 2007, Robert Storr became the first director from the United States to curate the Biennale (the 52nd), with a show entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense.

Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum was artistic director of the 2009 edition entitled "Fare Mondi // Making Worlds".

The 2011 edition was curated by Swiss curator Bice Curiger entitled "ILLUMInazioni – ILLUMInations".

The Biennale in 2013 was curated by the Italian Massimiliano Gioni. His title and theme, Il Palazzo Enciclopedico / The Encyclopedic Palace, was adopted from an architectural model by the self-taught Italian-American artist Marino Auriti. Auriti's work, The Encyclopedic Palace of the World was lent by the American Folk Art Museum and exhibited in the first room of the Arsenale for the duration of the biennale. For Gioni, Auriti's work, "meant to house all worldly knowledge, bringing together the greatest discoveries of the human race, from the wheel to the satellite," provided an analogous figure for the "biennale model itself...based on the impossible desire to concentrate the infinite worlds of contemporary art in a single place: a task that now seems as dizzyingly absurd as Auriti's dream."[22]

Curator Okwui Enwezor was responsible for the 2015 edition.[23] He was the first African-born curator of the biennial. As a catalyst for imagining different ways of imagining multiple desires and futures Enwezor commissioned special projects and programs throughout the Biennale in the Giardini. This included a Creative Time Summit, e-flux journal's SUPERCOMMUNITY, Gulf Labor Coalition, The Invisible Borders Trans-African Project and Abounaddara.[24][25]

The 2017 Biennale, titled Viva Arte Viva, was directed by French curator Christine Macel who called it an "exhibition inspired by humanism".[26] German artist Franz Erhard Walter won the Golden Lion for best artist, while Carolee Schneemann was awarded a posthumous Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.[27]

The 2019 Biennale, titled May You Live In Interesting Times, was directed by American-born curator Ralph Rugoff.[28]

The 2022 edition was curated by Italian curator Cecilia Alemani entitled "The Milk of Dreams" after a book by British-born Mexican surrealist painter Leonora Carrington.[29]

The Biennale has an attendance today of over 500,000 visitors.[30][31][32]

Role in the art market[edit]

When the Venice Biennale was founded in 1895, one of its main goals was to establish a new market for contemporary art. Between 1942 and 1968 a sales office assisted artists in finding clients and selling their work,[33] a service for which it charged 10% commission. Sales remained an intrinsic part of the biennale until 1968, when a sales ban was enacted. An important practical reason why the focus on non-commodities has failed to decouple Venice from the market is that the biennale itself lacks the funds to produce, ship and install these large-scale works. Therefore, the financial involvement of dealers is widely regarded as indispensable;[16] as they regularly front the funding for production of ambitious projects.[34] Furthermore, every other year the Venice Biennale coincides with nearby Art Basel, the world's prime commercial fair for modern and contemporary art. Numerous galleries with artists on show in Venice usually bring work by the same artists to Basel.[35]

Central Pavilion and Arsenale[edit]

The formal Biennale is based at a park, the Giardini. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.

Initiated in 1980, the Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists. From 1999, both the international exhibition and the Aperto were held as one exhibition, held both at the Central Pavilion and the Arsenale. Also in 1999, a $1 million renovation transformed the Arsenale area into a cluster of renovated shipyards, sheds and warehouses, more than doubling the Arsenale's exhibition space of previous years.[36]

A special edition of the 54th Biennale was held at Padiglione Italia of Torino Esposizioni – Sala Nervi (December 2011 – February 2012) for the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification. The event was directed by Vittorio Sgarbi.[37]

National pavilions[edit]

Main article: National pavilions at the Venice Biennale

The Giardini houses 30 permanent national pavilions.[13] Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Giardini are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various countries participating in the Biennale. The first nation to build a pavilion was Belgium in 1907, followed by Germany, Britain and Hungary in 1909.[13] The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their ministries of culture.[38]

Countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini are exhibited in other venues across Venice. The number of countries represented is still growing. In 2005, China was showing for the first time, followed by the African Pavilion and Mexico (2007), the United Arab Emirates (2009), and India (2011).[39]

The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion, established and emerging countries represented at the biennial maintain and fund their pavilions in different ways.[38] While pavilions are usually government-funded, private money plays an increasingly large role; in 2015, the pavilions of Iraq, Ukraine and Syria were completely privately funded.[40] The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council[41] while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State which, since 1985, has been the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.[42] The countries at the Arsenale that request a temporary exhibition space pay a hire fee per square meter.[38]

In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia and Slovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, eleven new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegowina, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada,[43] Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[44] In 2019, four countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Ghana, Madagascar, Malaysia, and Pakistan.[45]

As well as the national pavilions there are countless "unofficial pavilions"[46] that spring up every year. In 2009 there were pavilions such as the Gabon Pavilion and a Peckham pavilion. In 2017 The Diaspora Pavilion bought together 19 artists from complex, multinational backgrounds to challenge the prevalence of the nation state at the Biennale.[47]

The Internet Pavilion (Italian: Padiglione Internet) was founded in 2009 as a platform for activists and artists working in new media.[48][49][50] Subsequent editions were held since,[51] 2013,[51] in conjunction with the biennale.[52]

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وینسVenetsiya

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Veneziako Venecija Venècia Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia VenedigΒ ενετία Velence Feneyjar Venice Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja VenezaVeneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴ ェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya Italy italia

 

--------key words

headband protest fashion protestfashion artistic intervention performance artformat action installation critical critic critique institutional critic choregraphy scenography

#venicebiennale #biennalist #artformat #biennale #artbiennale #biennial

#BiennaleArte2024 #artformat

ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA D. Phil

 

Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca

Doctor en Filosofía

 

www.danoex.net/adolfovasquezrocca.html

 

Datos personales

VÁSQUEZ ROCCA, Adolfo

 

Doctor en Filosofía

  

Adscripción Académica

 

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

E-mail: adolfovrocca@gmail.com

  

TRAYECTORIA ACADÉMICA

  

Doctor en Filosofía por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Postgrado Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Filosofía IV, mención Filosofía Contemporánea y Estética. Profesor de Postgrado del Instituto de Filosofía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Profesor de Antropología y Estética en el Departamento de Artes y Humanidades de la Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB. Profesor de la Escuela de Periodismo, Profesor Adjunto Escuela de Psicología y de la Facultad de Arquitectura UNAB Santiago. Profesor PEL Programa Especial de Licenciatura en Diseño, UNAB – DUOC UC – En octubre de 2006 y 2007 es invitado por la 'Fundación Hombre y Mundo' y la UNAM a dictar un Ciclo de Conferencias en México. –Miembro del Consejo Editorial Internacional de la 'Fundación Ética Mundial' de México. Director del Consejo Consultivo Internacional de 'Konvergencias', Revista de Filosofía y Culturas en Diálogo, Argentina. Miembro del Consejo Editorial Internacional de Revista Praxis –Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional UNA, Costa Rica. Miembro del Conselho Editorial da Humanidades em Revista, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil y del Cuerpo Editorial de Sophia –Revista de Filosofía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador–. –Secretario Ejecutivo de Revista Philosophica PUCV. –Asesor Consultivo de Enfocarte –Revista de Arte y Literatura– Cataluña / Gijón, Asturias, España. –Miembro del Consejo Editorial Internacional de 'Reflexiones Marginales' –Revista de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras UNAM. –Editor Asociado de Societarts, Revista de artes y humanidades, adscrita a la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. –Miembro del Comité Editorial de International Journal of Safety and Security in Tourism and Hospitality, publicación científica de la Universidad de Palermo. –Miembro Titular del Consejo Editorial Internacional de Errancia, Revista de Psicoanálisis, Teoría Crítica y Cultura –UNAM– Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. –Miembro del Consejo Editorial de Revista “Campos en Ciencias Sociales”, Universidad Santo Tomás © , Bogotá, Colombia. –Miembro de la Federación Internacional de Archivos Fílmicos (FIAF) con sede en Bruselas, Bélgica. Director de Revista Observaciones Filosóficas. Profesor visitante en la Maestría en Filosofía de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. – Profesor visitante Florida Christian University USA y Profesor Asociado al Grupo Theoria – Proyecto europeo de Investigaciones de Postgrado –UCM. Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu. Académico Investigador de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Andrés Bello. –Investigador Asociado y Profesor adjunto de la Escuela Matríztica de Santiago –dirigida por el Dr. Humberto Maturana. Consultor Experto del Consejo Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad (CNIC)– Artista conceptual. Crítico de Arte. Ha publicado el Libro: Peter Sloterdijk; Esferas, helada cósmica y políticas de climatización, Colección Novatores, Nº 28, Editorial de la Institución Alfons el Magnànim (IAM), Valencia, España, 2008. Invitado especial a la International Conference de la Trienal de Arquitectura de Lisboa | Lisbon Architecture Triennale 2011. Traducido al Francés - Publicado en la sección Architecture de la Anthologie: Le Néant Dans la Pensée Contemporaine . Publications du Centre Français d'Iconologie Comparée CFIC, Bès Editions , París, © 2012. Profesor de Postgrado, Magister en Biología-Cultural, Escuela Matríztica de Santiago y Universidad Mayor 2013.

  

PUBLICACIONES

 

Publicaciones Internacionales Catalogadas en DIALNET Directorio de Publicaciones Científicas Hispanoamericanas

 

dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/autor?codigo=1053859

  

Publications Scientific

 

de.scientificcommons.org/adolfo_v%C3%A1squez_rocca

  

Biblioteket og Aarhus Universitet, Denmark | Det Humanistiske Fakultet

 

www.statsbiblioteket.dk/

  

BIBLIOTECA UNI>ERSIA – Unesco - CSIC

 

biblioteca.universia.net/search.do?q=Adolfo+V%C3%A1squez+...

  

Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca - Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

emui.academia.edu/AdolfoVasquezRocca

  

Biblioteca Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Revistas Científicas Complutenses

  

Directorio de recursos digitales - Ministerio de Cultura, España

  

Biblioteca Asociación Filosófica UI

 

www.uruguaypiensa.org.uy/categoria_144_1_1.html

  

Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

 

emui.academia.edu/AdolfoVasquezRocca

  

Publicaciones Indexadas en la Revista Complutense - Nómadas. Revista Crítica de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas UCM+Madrid - Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca

 

Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca – Filosofía Contemporánea Investigación: Peter Sloterdijk

 

Philosophy & Art: Pinterests Design

 

pinterest.com/adolfovrocca/

  

ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA PH.D. - CURRICULUM ACADÉMICO ABREVIADO

 

www.linkedin.com/pub/adolfo-vasquez-rocca/25/502/21a

  

LIBROS

 

VÁSQUEZ ROCCA, Adolfo

 

Libro: Peter Sloterdijk; Esferas, helada cósmica y políticas de climatización, Colección Novatores, Nº 28, Editorial de la Institución Alfons el Magnànim (IAM), Valencia, España, 2008. 221 páginas | I.S.B.N.: 978-84-7822-523-1

 

Libro: Rorty: el Giro narrativo de la Ética o la Filosofía como género literario [Compilación de Conferencias en México D.F.] Editorial Hombre y Mundo (H & M), México, 2009, 450 páginas I.S.B.N.: 978-3-7800-520-1

 

'LE NÉANT DANS LA PENSÉE CONTEMPORAINE' ,

Publications du Centre Français d'Iconologie Comparée CFIC , , ISBN: 978-2-35424-151-3 , Bès Editions , París, © 2012 ,

 

- VV.AA., VÁSQUEZ ROCCA, Adolfo, Antologado y Traducido al Francés - Publicado en la sección Architecture de la Anthologie: Le Néant Dans la Pensée Contemporaine . Publications du Centre Français d'Iconologie Comparée CFIC, Bès Editions , París, © 2012

  

INVESTIGACIÓN:

2009 - 2010

 

Proyecto de Investigación N° DI-10-09/JM - UNAB

 

“Ontología de las distancias en Sloterdijk, hacia una teoría antropotécnica de las comunicaciones”.

 

Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Andrés Bello – Fondo Jorge Millas 2009, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación UNAB

  

2011 - 2012

 

- Proyecto de Investigación N° DI-08-11/JM - UNAB

 

- Proyecto de Investigación: “Ontología del cuerpo en la Filosofía de Jean Luc Nancy, Biopolítica, Alteridad y Estética de la Enfermedad”.

 

Dirección General de Investigación y Desarrollo, (VRID) – Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Doctorado UNAB

 

Fondo Jorge Millas 2011 - 2012, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación. Universidad Andrés Bello

  

Asistente de Investigación:

Mag. Susanna Bozzetto: Universitat de Barcelona - Màster en Pensament Contemporani - Máster en Edición de Textos

  

Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca

 

Director de Revista Observaciones Filosóficas: Revista de Filosofía Contemporánea

  

ADOLFO VAŚQUEZ ROCCA PH.D. TRAYECTORÍA ACADÉMICA

  

ENTREVISTAS

 

VÍDEO: Entrevista al Dr. ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA –Filósofo– Programa “NUEVAS MIRADAS" -Ciencia y Tecnología, Canal TV. SENADO – República de Chile – Senador Carlos Cantero. Ex-Congreso Nacional – junio 2013 - Santiago.

1ª Parte: youtu.be/9qoFpWdvRdk

  

VÍDEO: Entrevista al Dr. ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA –Filósofo– Programa “NUEVAS MIRADAS" -Ciencia y Tecnología, Canal TV. SENADO – República de Chile – Senador Carlos Cantero. Ex-Congreso Nacional – junio 2013 - Santiago.

2ª Parte: youtu.be/Ee1GdX6JZpc

  

BLOG

TRANSVERSALES

philosophieliterature.blogspot.com/

 

ADOLFO VÁSQUEZ ROCCA

arteaisthesis.blogspot.com/

  

THEORIA

theoriaucm.blogspot.com/

  

FILOSOFÍA CONTEMPORÁNEA

filosofoscontemporaneos.blogspot.com/

  

ESFERAS

authorarchive.blogspot.com/

  

TRAYECTORÍA ACADÉMICA

 

Doctor en Filosofía por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Postgrado Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Filosofía IV, Teoría del Conocimiento y Pensamiento Contemporáneo. Áreas de Especialización Antropología y Estética.

 

– PROFESOR DE POSTGRADO DEL INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFÍA DE LA PUCV – PROFESOR ASOCIADO AL GRUPO THEORIA PROYECTO EUROPEO DE INVESTIGACIONES DE POSTGRADO UCM

Philosophie und Sozialwissenschaften - Philosophy and Social Sciences - Philosophie des Sciences Sociales. GRUPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE | Madri+d UCM 1391 - COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID. www.ucm.es/info/eurotheo/

 

(1993) Profesor del Seminario "Lógica Contemporánea 'Wittgenstein y El Círculo de Viena' ", Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

 

(1995-1998) Director de Investigación Teoría del Conocimiento -Theory of Knowledge Tok- The Mackay School, Bachillerato Internacional, International Baccalaureate.

 

(2005-2010) Profesor de Antropología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello.

 

(2005-2010) Profesor de Antropología Filosófica y Estética, Departamento de Artes y Humanidades de la Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2012) Profesor de Estética, Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB

 

(2006 - 2007) - Profesor del MAGISTER EN ETNOPSICOLOGÍA y DIPLOMADO EN PSICOLOGÍA CLÍNICA "PSICOPATOLOGÍA, SUBJETIVIDAD Y CULTURA". ESCUELA DE PSICOLOGÍA PUCV.

 

(2006 - 2012) Profesor de Estética Escuela de Arquitectura, Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2012) Profesor de Fundamentos Culturales de la Comunicación. Escuela de Periodismo, Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2010) Profesor de la Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB

 

(2006-2007) Profesor invitado Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM

 

(2007- 2012) Profesor visitante de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, semestre de otoño 2007, BUAP

 

(2005-2008) Profesor de Postgrado, Instituto de Filosofía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, PUCV

 

(2005-2012) Profesor Asociado Grupo THEORIA Proyecto europeo de Investigaciones de Postgrado. UCM

 

(2009-2010) Profesor visitante Florida Christian University USA

 

(2010- 2011) Director Académico Carrera de Filosofía y Teología, Universidad Cristiana de Chile UCCH

 

(2012) Investigador Asociado a la Escuela Matríztica de Santiago –dirigida por el Dr. Humberto Maturana.

 

(2009-2012) Académico Investigador de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Andrés Bello.

 

(2012) Consultor Experto del Consejo Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad (CNIC)

 

(2013) Investigador y Profesor Adjunto del Magíster en Biología-Cultural dirigido por el Dr. Humberto Maturana dictado por Matríztica y Universidad Mayor

 

SEMINARIOS

 

Asignaturas de Postgrado impartidos:

  

2005 - 2º Seminario "Rorty: ironismo liberal y giro narrativo de la Filosofía".

 

2006 1º Seminario Sloterdijk: "Crítica de la Razón Cínica"

 

2006 2º Seminario "Nietzsche; Genealogía de la moral y voluntad de ficción"

 

2007 1º Seminario Sloterdijk - Nietzsche

 

2007 2º Seminario: Sloterdijk un pensador estético

 

2008 1º Seminario "Peter Sloterdijk - W. Benjamín; De la Filosofía a la Arquitectura"

 

2008 2º Seminario "Sloterdijk y Baudrillard; Ontología de las distancias y antropotécnica de las comunicaciones"

 

2011 2º Seminario "DERRIDA Y SLOTERDIJK; DE LOS ESPECTROS DE MARX A LOS ESTADOS GENERALES DEL PSICOANÁLISIS", Postgrado en Psicoanálisis, Universidad Ándres Bello UNAB, Escuela de Psicología.

  

ENTREVISTA:

 

“La Filosofía como teoría erótica. Entrevista a Adolfo Vásquez Rocca PhD". Entrevista en 'ALCANCES' Vol.I, Nº 1, año 2010 – REVISTA DE FILOSOFÍA – de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades de la UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE.

www.alcances.cl/ver-articulo.php?id=81

  

PUBLICACIONES EN REVISTAS ACADÉMICAS INDEXADAS -CON COMITÉ EDITORIAL

 

PARTICIPACIÓN EN SEMINARIOS Y CONGRESOS

  

2004 Seminario Homenaje Prof. Dr. Mirko Skarica, Instituto de Filosofía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Ponencia: "Lógica paraconsistente y semántica de los mundos posibles", noviembre.

 

2004 Seminario "Raúl Ruiz y la vanguardia del Cine francés", organizado por la PUCV. UPLACED, ARCIS y Embajada de Francia. Conferencia: "Raúl Ruiz; Defensa retórica del arte de filmar y del cine como arte; plan secreto, sinfonía dramática y lógica narrativa", octubre.

 

2005 "El Dios Pensado: Estudios antropológicos acerca de lo divino" Ciclo de Conferencias en la Universidad Andrés Bello. Departamento de Artes y Humanidades - Campus República, UNAB. Conferencia: "Ludwig Wittgenstein; Mística, Filosofía y Silencio", septiembre

 

2006 Video-Conferencia UCM - UNED y A Parte Rei en ATEI Asociación de Televisión Educativa Iberoamericana, “El poder de la palabra; lenguaje y realidad”, Febrero, 2006, serbal.pntic.mec.es/~cmunoz11/video3.html

 

2006 Universidad Veracruzana en su 50' Aniversario y XI Encuentro Nacional de Pasantes de Filosofía. Conferencia Magistral: "La ficción del sujeto y las seducciones de la gramática en Nietzsche y Deleuze", octubre.

 

2006 Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala. Conferencia: "En el mismo barco: ensayo sobre la hiperpolítica, posmodernidad y globalización en Peter Sloterdijk", octubre.

 

2006 Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala. Cursillo Maestría en Filosofía: “El giro Estético de la epistemología; redescripciones de la posmodernidad”, 19 y 20 de octubre.

 

2006 1er Coloquio Hispanoamericano de Filosofía después de Auschwitz, en el Antiguo Colegio de Medicina, Ciudad de México; organizado por la UNAM, la Universidad Iberoamericana y La Asociación Filosófica de México. Ponencia: "Peter Sloterdijk; El Posthumanismo: sus fuentes teológicas y sus medios técnicos", octubre.

 

2006 Coloquio internacional: Repercusiones e interacciones políticas, filosóficas y teológicas entre oriente y occidente. UNAM, Mesa ética y Responsabilidad humana, Ponencia: "Rorty: el Giro narrativo de la Ética o la Filosofía como género literario", octubre.

 

2007 II Coloquio Franco-Hispano-Chileno de Etnopsicología y III Seminario Internacional sobre el Espacio "El Espacio y el Lenguaje". PUCV. Ponencia: "Metafórica de las Esferas; una aproximación al hombre como experimento sonoro", enero.

 

2007 Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Valparaíso, Ciclo: "Diálogo: Ciencia, Política y Poder. ¿Es Chile una Sociedad Justa?". Conferencia: "Imaginarios, cartografía de las emociones escindidas y crisis del proyecto urbano, mayo.

 

2007 Congreso Internacional Nietzsche “Filosofía, Arte, religión, ciencia y política en Nietzsche: memorias de un caminante intempestivo”, organizado por la Universidad Veracruzana, México. Ponencia: "Nietzsche y Sloterdijk; depauperación del nihilismo, posthumanismo y complejidad extrahumana", octubre.

 

2007 Conferencia Magistral en el Colegio de Filosofía, introductoria a la Maestría en Filosofía de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, “Peter Sloterdijk; Esferas, deriva biotecnológica y el cinismo difuso de nuestras sociedades Exhaustas”, octubre.

 

2007 Curso en el Colegio de Filosofía, introductoria a la Maestría en Filosofía de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla: “Sloterdijk; Esferas, Flujos y Redes; Antropología y Estética Posmoderna”, octubre.

 

2007 Conferencia Magistral Aula Magna, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, Sloterdijk; Esferas y Temblores de Aire [Estética, Ontogénesis de los Espacios Humanos y Etno-terrorismo], octubre

 

2007 Congreso Internacional de Fenomenología y Hermenéutica, Universidad Andrés Bello, sección Estética. Ponencia: “Sloterdijk: Esferas, fenomenología y ontogénesis de los espacios humanos”, octubre.

 

2000 "Reflexiones sobre Alteridad y Reconocimiento". Encuentros de la Facultad de Filosofía UCM con pensadores contemporáneos alemanes. Goethe Institut Madrid. Octubre.

 

2000 Ponencia en Seminario "El Reto del Espacio: Pensar con Heidegger sobre la obra de Eduardo Chillida", Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Campus Cantoblanco, noviembre.

 

2000 Ponencia "El peso del mundo y el lento regreso del sujeto escindido en Peter Hanke", Encuentro Interdepartamental en torno a la Crisis de Fin de Siglo. Aspectos de la Identidad Europea. Facultad de Filosofía UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID. Diciembre.

 

2004 Seminario Homenaje Prof. Dr. Mirko Skarica, Instituto de Filosofía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Ponencia:

Ponencia "Lógica paraconsistente y semántica de los mundos posibles" (noviembre).

 

2004 octubre Seminario "Raúl Ruiz y la vanguardia del Cine francés", organizado por la PUCV. UPLACED, ARCIS y EMBAJADA DE FRANCIA. Conferencia: "Raúl Ruiz; Defensa retórica del arte de filmar y del cine como arte; plan secreto, sinfonía dramática y lógica narrativa"

 

2005 "El Dios Pensado: Estudios antropológicos acerca de lo divino" Ciclo de Conferencias en la Universidad Andrés Bello. Departamento de Artes y Humanidades - Campus República, UNAB Conferencia: "Ludwig Wittgenstein; Mística, Filosofía y Silencio"

 

2006 I COLOQUIO FRANCO-HISPANO-CHILENO DE ETNOPSICOLOGÍA Y II SEMINARIO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE EL ESPACIO "EL ESPACIO Y EL OTRO". Enero, PUCV. Coloquio y moderación Ponencia de la Dra. Adela Cortina Orts

 

2007 CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DE FENOMENOLOGÍA Y HERMENÉUTICA

Comunicación “Sloterdijk: Esferas, fenomenología y ontogénesis de los espacios humanos”,

Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB (17 - 19 de octubre, 2007)

 

2008 II Seminario "De la Filosofía a la Literatura"

Departamento de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB (7 de noviembre, 2008)

Conferencia “Sloterdijk; Pensamiento, expedición y verdad”.

 

2008 Segundo Coloquio Interdisciplinario: “El Pensamiento de Carla Cordua y El Desarrollo de la Filosofía En Chile”.

Seminario Permanente Hegel – Marx. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad de Chile UCH (13 de noviembre, 2008)

Ponencia: “En Torno a Sloterdijk y Heidegger: La recepción Filosófica”.

 

2008 Bienal de Artes Visuales de Honduras 2008: Diásporas del Futuro (BAVH)

Conferencia "El objetivo de la Crítica de Arte" [17 - 19 de noviembre, 2008]

 

2008 Congreso Internacional - Interdisciplinario de Filosofía, Córdoba, 2008. SAF Sociedad Argentina de Filosofía.

Museo - Palacio Martín Ferreyra (24 al 29 de noviembre, 2008)

Conferencia “Sloterdijk. Ontología de las distancias, concierto de transferencias e historia de la fascinación de proximidad”

 

2009 III Congreso Panamericano de Bioética OPS, 17 al 20 de junio, Caracas 2009.

Orden Hospitalaria San Juan de Dios. Conferencia inaugural:

“Sloterdijk, Heidegger y Agamben; Biopolítica o notas sobre el Parque Humano y la nuda vida”.

 

2009 “Seminario Internacional. Giorgio Agamben: Teología Política y Biopolítica”. Organizado por el Instituto de Humanidades de la Universidad Diego Portales. Ponencia: “Sloterdijk, Agamben y Nietzsche: Biopolítica, posthumanismo y Biopoder”. Septiembre

 

2009 Congreso “El sujeto de la Globalización” Organizado por la SAF Sociedad Asturiana de Filosofía, España. Conferencia: “Sloterdijk y el imaginario de la Globalización; mundo sincrónico y conciertos de transferencia” Octubre 2009 www.sociedadasturianadefilosofia.org/

 

- 2009 II Seminario Local de Pensamiento Ambiental y Filosofía Contemporánea, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Manizales, Universidad de Caldas. Auditorio Juan Hurtado Bloque H Piso -1, Diciembre 4 y 5 de 2009.

 

2010 Seminario de Postgrado, "Seminario Sloterdijk: Esferas y Posthumanismo; Sobre capitalismo, neuroglobalización y mundos asesores", Cátedra Inaugural de la Maestría en Estética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Económicas, Departamento de Estudios Filosóficos y Culturales, 10 al 12 de Agosto 2010, www.observacionesfilosoficas.net/seminariocolombia.htm

 

- 2011 International-Conference TRIENAL DE ARQUITECTURA DE LISBOA | LISBON ARCHITECTURE TRIENNALE, Conference "Psicopolítica en Sloterdijk y Virilio; El vértigo de la sobremodernidad; ciudades del pánico y turismo etnográfico”, Lisboa, Portugal, 15 and 16 January 2001 www.trienaldelisboa.com/en/international-conference

 

- 2011 II Encuentro Internacional de Filosofía para no-filósofos. Filosofía 360', La Paz - "FILOSOFÍA 360': CINISMO, CRISIS Y CREATIVIDAD". Organizado por el GOETHE – INSTITUT y la Carrera de Filosofía UMSA, Universidad Mayor de San Ándres, La Paz - Bolivia

 

- 2011 III CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DE FENOMENOLOGÍA Y HERMENÉUTICA: En torno a la crisis de la subjetividad. Santiago. Departamento de Humanidades de la Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB. 12, 13 y 14 de octubre, Campus Casona de Las Condes, Santiago Ponencia: Adolfo Vásquez Rocca PhD. PUCV: “El posthumanismo, sus fuentes filosóficas y sus medios técnicos: alteridad, reconfiguración de la subjetividad y ontología del cuerpo en Jean–Luc Nancy y Peter Sloterdijk”.

 

- 2011 COLOQUIO DE FILOSOFÍA 2011 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL _ COSTA RICA _ UNA Filosofía para la realidad actual_ CONFERENCIA INAUGURAL Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca: “Sloterdijk: Esferas, Psicopolítica y neuroglobalizacion: concierto de transferencias e historia de la fascinación de proximidad”.

Facultad de Filosofía y Letras - Universidad Nacional, Heredia Costa Rica, (Del 18 al 20 de octubre).

 

- 2012 JORNADAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN: ALTOS ESTUDIOS EN HUMANIDADES UNAB 2012 11 y 12 de enero - UNIVERSIDAD ANDRÉS BELLO: Charlas de Investigadores Fondecyt y VRID: Áreas Historia, Literatura y Filosofía. Proyectos Fondecyt, Fondos internos de Investigación UNAB, Proyecto Jorge Millas (VRID) y Tesis Doctorales [Vicerrectoria de Investigación y Doctorado (VRID) Salón de Honor Campus Casona de Las Condes 10.00 hrs.

artesyhumanidades.unab.cl/jornadas-de-investigacion-en-hu...

Adolfo Vásquez Rocca PH.D. - Proyecto de Investigación N° DI-08-11/JM – UNAB: “Ontología del cuerpo en la filosofía de Jean Luc Nancy: Biopolítica, alteridad y estética de la enfermedad

  

- 2012 Seminario: "Ciudad y Complejidad; Valparaíso y los bordes simbólicos, económicos y culturales", Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Valparaiso ISCV, mayo 2012, Ponencia: "Del espacio público a la topología urbana; Aproximaciones semióticas y epistemológicas a una ciudad escindida", En Actas del Seminario y Memoria anual ISCV

 

- 2012 Consultor Experto del Consejo Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad (CNIC): Informe 1º Encuentro - 30 Agosto

CONFERENCIA: "SLOTERDIJK: PRÁCTICAS ANTROPOTÉCNICAS Y CONSTITUCIÓN INMUNITARIA Y DE LA NATURALEZA HUMANA".

Diálogo e Investigación con el Dr. Fernando Flores Labra, Presidente de CNIC

  

- 2013 Conferencia: “Peter Sloterdijk: Experimentos con uno mismo, ensayos de intoxicación voluntaria y constitución psico-inmunitaria de la naturaleza humana” en el IV Congreso Internacional y VII Nacional de Filosofía del Derecho, Ética y Política , Organizado por la Facultad de Filosofía, de Derecho y la Oficina de Relaciones Interinstitucionales (ORI) de la Universidad Libre en Colombia, y la Facultad de Derecho del Centro Universitário Newton Paiva en Bello Horizonte – Brasil, 22, 23 y 24 de abril de 2013, Programa del Congreso

  

- 2013 Congreso Internacional de Psicología Teórica "Dialogue and Debate in the craft of Theoretical Psychology"; 3, 4, 6 y 7 de mayo - The International Society for Theoretical Psychology (ISTP) will hold its 15th Biennial conference in Santiago, Chile.

www.syntagmas.net/istp2013/

 

- 2013 Conferencia Magistral en el Magíster en Biología-Cultural dirigido por el Dr. Humberto Maturana dictado en Matríztica y Universidad Mayor

 

emui.academia.edu/AdolfoVasquezRocca

 

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

Universidad Andrés Bello UNAB

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Eastern Mediterranean University - Academia.edu

E-mail: adolfovrocca@gmail.com

  

Biennalist :

Biennalist is an Art Format commenting on active biennials and managed cultural events through artworks.Biennalist takes the thematics of the biennales and similar events like festivals and conferences seriously, questioning the established structures of the staged art events in order to contribute to the debate, which they wish to generate.

-------------------------------------------

links about Biennalist :

 

Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Room_(art)

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

—--Biennale from wikipedia —--

 

The Venice International Film Festival is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.

Biennale (Italian: [bi.enˈnaːle]), Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years. It is most commonly used within the art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions. As such the term was popularised by Venice Biennale, which was first held in 1895. Since the 1990s, the terms "biennale" and "biennial" have been interchangeably used in a more generic way - to signify a large-scale international survey show of contemporary art that recurs at regular intervals but not necessarily biannual (such as triennials, Documenta, Skulptur Projekte Münster).[1] The phrase has also been used for other artistic events, such as the "Biennale de Paris", "Kochi-Muziris Biennale", Berlinale (for the Berlin International Film Festival) and Viennale (for Vienna's international film festival).

Characteristics[edit]

According to author Federica Martini, what is at stake in contemporary biennales is the diplomatic/international relations potential as well as urban regeneration plans. Besides being mainly focused on the present (the “here and now” where the cultural event takes place and their effect of "spectacularisation of the everyday"), because of their site-specificity cultural events may refer back to,[who?] produce or frame the history of the site and communities' collective memory.[2]

 

The Great Exhibition in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, the first attempt to condense the representation of the world within a unitary exhibition space.

A strong and influent symbol of biennales and of large-scale international exhibitions in general is the Crystal Palace, the gigantic and futuristic London architecture that hosted the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to philosopher Peter Sloterdijk,[3][page needed] the Crystal Palace is the first attempt to condense the representation of the world in a unitary exhibition space, where the main exhibit is society itself in an a-historical, spectacular condition. The Crystal Palace main motives were the affirmation of British economic and national leadership and the creation of moments of spectacle. In this respect, 19th century World fairs provided a visual crystallization of colonial culture and were, at the same time, forerunners of contemporary theme parks.

The Venice Biennale as an archetype[edit]

 

The structure of the Venice Biennale in 2005 with an international exhibition and the national pavilions.

The Venice Biennale, a periodical large-scale cultural event founded in 1895, served as an archetype of the biennales. Meant to become a World Fair focused on contemporary art, the Venice Biennale used as a pretext the wedding anniversary of the Italian king and followed up to several national exhibitions organised after Italy unification in 1861. The Biennale immediately put forth issues of city marketing, cultural tourism and urban regeneration, as it was meant to reposition Venice on the international cultural map after the crisis due to the end of the Grand Tour model and the weakening of the Venetian school of painting. Furthermore, the Gardens where the Biennale takes place were an abandoned city area that needed to be re-functionalised. In cultural terms, the Biennale was meant to provide on a biennial basis a platform for discussing contemporary art practices that were not represented in fine arts museums at the time. The early Biennale model already included some key points that are still constitutive of large-scale international art exhibitions today: a mix of city marketing, internationalism, gentrification issues and destination culture, and the spectacular, large scale of the event.

Biennials after the 1990s[edit]

The situation of biennials has changed in the contemporary context: while at its origin in 1895 Venice was a unique cultural event, but since the 1990s hundreds of biennials have been organized across the globe. Given the ephemeral and irregular nature of some biennials, there is little consensus on the exact number of biennials in existence at any given time.[citation needed] Furthermore, while Venice was a unique agent in the presentation of contemporary art, since the 1960s several museums devoted to contemporary art are exhibiting the contemporary scene on a regular basis. Another point of difference concerns 19th century internationalism in the arts, that was brought into question by post-colonial debates and criticism of the contemporary art “ethnic marketing”, and also challenged the Venetian and World Fair’s national representation system. As a consequence of this, Eurocentric tendency to implode the whole word in an exhibition space, which characterises both the Crystal Palace and the Venice Biennale, is affected by the expansion of the artistic geographical map to scenes traditionally considered as marginal. The birth of the Havana Biennial in 1984 is widely considered an important counterpoint to the Venetian model for its prioritization of artists working in the Global South and curatorial rejection of the national pavilion model.

International biennales[edit]

In the term's most commonly used context of major recurrent art exhibitions:

Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, South Australia

Asian Art Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Athens Biennale, in Athens, Greece

Bienal de Arte Paiz, in Guatemala City, Guatemala[4]

Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale (Arts in Marrakech Festival)

Bamako Encounters, a biennale of photography in Mali

Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism

Beijing Biennale

Berlin Biennale (contemporary art biennale, to be distinguished from Berlinale, which is a film festival)

Bergen Assembly (triennial for contemporary art in Bergen, Norway)www.bergenassembly.no

Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China

Bienal de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Biënnale van België, Biennial of Belgium, Belgium

BiennaleOnline Online biennial exhibition of contemporary art from the most promising emerging artists.

Biennial of Hawaii Artists

Biennale de la Biche, the smallest biennale in the world held at deserted island near Guadeloupe, French overseas region[5][6]

Biwako Biennale [ja], in Shiga, Japan

La Biennale de Montreal

Biennale of Luanda : Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace,[7] Angola

Boom Festival, international music and culture festival in Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal

Bucharest Biennale in Bucharest, Romania

Bushwick Biennial, in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York

Canakkale Biennial, in Canakkale, Turkey

Cerveira International Art Biennial, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal [8]

Changwon Sculpture Biennale in Changwon, South Korea

Dakar Biennale, also called Dak'Art, biennale in Dakar, Senegal

Documenta, contemporary art exhibition held every five years in Kassel, Germany

Estuaire (biennale), biennale in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, France

EVA International, biennial in Limerick, Republic of Ireland

Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, in Gothenburg, Sweden[9]

Greater Taipei Contemporary Art Biennial, in Taipei, Taiwan

Gwangju Biennale, Asia's first and most prestigious contemporary art biennale

Havana biennial, in Havana, Cuba

Helsinki Biennial, in Helsinki, Finland

Herzliya Biennial For Contemporary Art, in Herzliya, Israel

Incheon Women Artists' Biennale, in Incheon, South Korea

Iowa Biennial, in Iowa, USA

Istanbul Biennial, in Istanbul, Turkey

International Roaming Biennial of Tehran, in Tehran and Istanbul

Jakarta Biennale, in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jerusalem Biennale, in Jerusalem, Israel

Jogja Biennale, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Karachi Biennale, in Karachi, Pakistan

Keelung Harbor Biennale, in Keelung, Taiwan

Kochi-Muziris Biennale, largest art exhibition in India, in Kochi, Kerala, India

Kortrijk Design Biennale Interieur, in Kortrijk, Belgium

Kobe Biennale, in Japan

Kuandu Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Lagos Biennial, in Lagos, Nigeria[10]

Light Art Biennale Austria, in Austria

Liverpool Biennial, in Liverpool, UK

Lofoten International Art Festival [no] (LIAF), on the Lofoten archipelago, Norway[11]

Manifesta, European Biennale of contemporary art in different European cities

Mediations Biennale, in Poznań, Poland

Melbourne International Biennial 1999

Mediterranean Biennale in Sakhnin 2013

MOMENTA Biennale de l'image [fr] (formerly known as Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal), in Montreal, Canada

MOMENTUM [no], in Moss, Norway[12]

Moscow Biennale, in Moscow, Russia

Munich Biennale, new opera and music-theatre in even-numbered years

Mykonos Biennale

Nakanojo Biennale[13]

NGV Triennial, contemporary art exhibition held every three years at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

October Salon – Belgrade Biennale [sr], organised by the Cultural Center of Belgrade [sr], in Belgrade, Serbia[14]

OSTEN Biennial of Drawing Skopje, North Macedonia[15]

Biennale de Paris

Riga International Biennial of Contemporary Art (RIBOCA), in Riga, Latvia[16]

São Paulo Art Biennial, in São Paulo, Brazil

SCAPE Public Art Christchurch Biennial in Christchurch, New Zealand[17]

Prospect New Orleans

Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism

Sequences, in Reykjavík, Iceland[18]

Shanghai Biennale

Sharjah Biennale, in Sharjah, UAE

Singapore Biennale, held in various locations across the city-state island of Singapore

Screen City Biennial, in Stavanger, Norway

Biennale of Sydney

Taipei Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Taiwan Arts Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Taiwan Film Biennale, in Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, U.S.A.

Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art [el], in Thessaloniki, Greece[19]

Dream city, produced by ART Rue Association in Tunisia

Vancouver Biennale

Visayas Islands Visual Arts Exhibition and Conference (VIVA ExCon) in the Philippines [20]

Venice Biennale, in Venice, Italy, which includes:

Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art

Venice Biennale of Architecture

Venice Film Festival

Vladivostok biennale of Visual Arts, in Vladivostok, Russia

Whitney Biennial, hosted by the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City, NY, USA

Web Biennial, produced with teams from Athens, Berlin and Istanbul.

West Africa Architecture Biennale,[21] Virtual in Lagos, Nigeria.

WRO Biennale, in Wrocław, Poland[22]

Music Biennale Zagreb

[SHIFT:ibpcpa] The International Biennale of Performance, Collaborative and Participatory Arts, Nomadic, International, Scotland, UK.

 

—---Venice Biennale from wikipedia —

 

The Venice Biennale (/ˌbiːɛˈnɑːleɪ, -li/; Italian: La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.[2][3][4] The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of its kind. The main exhibition held in Castello, in the halls of the Arsenale and Biennale Gardens, alternates between art and architecture (hence the name biennale; biennial).[5][6][7] The other events hosted by the Foundation—spanning theatre, music, and dance—are held annually in various parts of Venice, whereas the Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido.[8]

Organization[edit]

Art Biennale

Art Biennale

International Art Exhibition

1895

Even-numbered years (since 2022)

Venice Biennale of Architecture

International Architecture Exhibition

1980

Odd-numbered years (since 2021)

Biennale Musica

International Festival of Contemporary Music

1930

Annually (Sep/Oct)

Biennale Teatro

International Theatre Festival

1934

Annually (Jul/Aug)

Venice Film Festival

Venice International Film Festival

1932

Annually (Aug/Sep)

Venice Dance Biennale

International Festival of Contemporary Dance

1999

Annually (June; biennially 2010–16)

  

International Kids' Carnival

2009

Annually (during Carnevale)

  

History

1895–1947

On April 19, 1893, the Venetian City Council passed a resolution to set up an biennial exhibition of Italian Art ("Esposizione biennale artistica nazionale") to celebrate the silver anniversary of King Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy.[11]

A year later, the council decreed "to adopt a 'by invitation' system; to reserve a section of the Exhibition for foreign artists too; to admit works by uninvited Italian artists, as selected by a jury."[12]

The first Biennale, "I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice)" (although originally scheduled for April 22, 1894) was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia. The first exhibition was seen by 224,000 visitors.

The event became increasingly international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries installed national pavilions at the exhibition, with the first being from Belgium. In 1910 the first internationally well-known artists were displayed: a room dedicated to Gustav Klimt, a one-man show for Renoir, a retrospective of Courbet. A work by Picasso "Family of Saltimbanques" was removed from the Spanish salon in the central Palazzo because it was feared that its novelty might shock the public. By 1914 seven pavilions had been established: Belgium (1907), Hungary (1909), Germany (1909), Great Britain (1909), France (1912), and Russia (1914).

During World War I, the 1916 and 1918 events were cancelled.[13] In 1920 the post of mayor of Venice and president of the Biennale was split. The new secretary general, Vittorio Pica brought about the first presence of avant-garde art, notably Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

1922 saw an exhibition of sculpture by African artists. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists had their work exhibited there. In 1928 the Istituto Storico d'Arte Contemporanea (Historical Institute of Contemporary Art) opened, which was the first nucleus of archival collections of the Biennale. In 1930 its name was changed into Historical Archive of Contemporary Art.

In 1930, the Biennale was transformed into an Ente Autonomo (Autonomous Board) by Royal Decree with law no. 33 of 13-1-1930. Subsequently, the control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist government under Benito Mussolini. This brought on a restructuring, an associated financial boost, as well as a new president, Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. Three entirely new events were established, including the Biennale Musica in 1930, also referred to as International Festival of Contemporary Music; the Venice Film Festival in 1932, which they claim as the first film festival in history,[14] also referred to as Venice International Film Festival; and the Biennale Theatro in 1934, also referred to as International Theatre Festival.

In 1933 the Biennale organized an exhibition of Italian art abroad. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.

During World War II, the activities of the Biennale were interrupted: 1942 saw the last edition of the events. The Film Festival restarted in 1946, the Music and Theatre festivals were resumed in 1947, and the Art Exhibition in 1948.[15]

1948–1973[edit]

The Art Biennale was resumed in 1948 with a major exhibition of a recapitulatory nature. The Secretary General, art historian Rodolfo Pallucchini, started with the Impressionists and many protagonists of contemporary art including Chagall, Klee, Braque, Delvaux, Ensor, and Magritte, as well as a retrospective of Picasso's work. Peggy Guggenheim was invited to exhibit her collection, later to be permanently housed at Ca' Venier dei Leoni.

1949 saw the beginning of renewed attention to avant-garde movements in European—and later worldwide—movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism was introduced in the 1950s, and the Biennale is credited with importing Pop Art into the canon of art history by awarding the top prize to Robert Rauschenberg in 1964.[16] From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennale's exhibition spaces.

In 1954 the island San Giorgio Maggiore provided the venue for the first Japanese Noh theatre shows in Europe. 1956 saw the selection of films following an artistic selection and no longer based upon the designation of the participating country. The 1957 Golden Lion went to Satyajit Ray's Aparajito which introduced Indian cinema to the West.

1962 included Arte Informale at the Art Exhibition with Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Emilio Vedova, and Pietro Consagra. The 1964 Art Exhibition introduced continental Europe to Pop Art (The Independent Group had been founded in Britain in 1952). The American Robert Rauschenberg was the first American artist to win the Gran Premio, and the youngest to date.

The student protests of 1968 also marked a crisis for the Biennale. Student protests hindered the opening of the Biennale. A resulting period of institutional changes opened and ending with a new Statute in 1973. In 1969, following the protests, the Grand Prizes were abandoned. These resumed in 1980 for the Mostra del Cinema and in 1986 for the Art Exhibition.[17]

In 1972, for the first time, a theme was adopted by the Biennale, called "Opera o comportamento" ("Work or Behaviour").

Starting from 1973 the Music Festival was no longer held annually. During the year in which the Mostra del Cinema was not held, there was a series of "Giornate del cinema italiano" (Days of Italian Cinema) promoted by sectorial bodies in campo Santa Margherita, in Venice.[18]

1974–1998[edit]

1974 saw the start of the four-year presidency of Carlo Ripa di Meana. The International Art Exhibition was not held (until it was resumed in 1976). Theatre and cinema events were held in October 1974 and 1975 under the title Libertà per il Cile (Freedom for Chile)—a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

On 15 November 1977, the so-called Dissident Biennale (in reference to the dissident movement in the USSR) opened. Because of the ensuing controversies within the Italian left wing parties, president Ripa di Meana resigned at the end of the year.[19]

In 1979 the new presidency of Giuseppe Galasso (1979-1982) began. The principle was laid down whereby each of the artistic sectors was to have a permanent director to organise its activity.

In 1980, the Architecture section of the Biennale was set up. The director, Paolo Portoghesi, opened the Corderie dell'Arsenale to the public for the first time. At the Mostra del Cinema, the awards were brought back into being (between 1969 and 1979, the editions were non-competitive). In 1980, Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale.[13]

The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva. In 1995, Jean Clair was appointed to be the Biennale's first non-Italian director of visual arts[20] while Germano Celant served as director in 1997.

For the Centenary in 1995, the Biennale promoted events in every sector of its activity: the 34th Festival del Teatro, the 46th art exhibition, the 46th Festival di Musica, the 52nd Mostra del Cinema.[21]

1999–present[edit]

In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artists than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.

In 1999 a new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre).

The 50th edition, 2003, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.

The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.

In 2007, Robert Storr became the first director from the United States to curate the Biennale (the 52nd), with a show entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense.

Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum was artistic director of the 2009 edition entitled "Fare Mondi // Making Worlds".

The 2011 edition was curated by Swiss curator Bice Curiger entitled "ILLUMInazioni – ILLUMInations".

The Biennale in 2013 was curated by the Italian Massimiliano Gioni. His title and theme, Il Palazzo Enciclopedico / The Encyclopedic Palace, was adopted from an architectural model by the self-taught Italian-American artist Marino Auriti. Auriti's work, The Encyclopedic Palace of the World was lent by the American Folk Art Museum and exhibited in the first room of the Arsenale for the duration of the biennale. For Gioni, Auriti's work, "meant to house all worldly knowledge, bringing together the greatest discoveries of the human race, from the wheel to the satellite," provided an analogous figure for the "biennale model itself...based on the impossible desire to concentrate the infinite worlds of contemporary art in a single place: a task that now seems as dizzyingly absurd as Auriti's dream."[22]

Curator Okwui Enwezor was responsible for the 2015 edition.[23] He was the first African-born curator of the biennial. As a catalyst for imagining different ways of imagining multiple desires and futures Enwezor commissioned special projects and programs throughout the Biennale in the Giardini. This included a Creative Time Summit, e-flux journal's SUPERCOMMUNITY, Gulf Labor Coalition, The Invisible Borders Trans-African Project and Abounaddara.[24][25]

The 2017 Biennale, titled Viva Arte Viva, was directed by French curator Christine Macel who called it an "exhibition inspired by humanism".[26] German artist Franz Erhard Walter won the Golden Lion for best artist, while Carolee Schneemann was awarded a posthumous Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.[27]

The 2019 Biennale, titled May You Live In Interesting Times, was directed by American-born curator Ralph Rugoff.[28]

The 2022 edition was curated by Italian curator Cecilia Alemani entitled "The Milk of Dreams" after a book by British-born Mexican surrealist painter Leonora Carrington.[29]

The Biennale has an attendance today of over 500,000 visitors.[30][31][32]

Role in the art market[edit]

When the Venice Biennale was founded in 1895, one of its main goals was to establish a new market for contemporary art. Between 1942 and 1968 a sales office assisted artists in finding clients and selling their work,[33] a service for which it charged 10% commission. Sales remained an intrinsic part of the biennale until 1968, when a sales ban was enacted. An important practical reason why the focus on non-commodities has failed to decouple Venice from the market is that the biennale itself lacks the funds to produce, ship and install these large-scale works. Therefore, the financial involvement of dealers is widely regarded as indispensable;[16] as they regularly front the funding for production of ambitious projects.[34] Furthermore, every other year the Venice Biennale coincides with nearby Art Basel, the world's prime commercial fair for modern and contemporary art. Numerous galleries with artists on show in Venice usually bring work by the same artists to Basel.[35]

Central Pavilion and Arsenale[edit]

The formal Biennale is based at a park, the Giardini. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.

Initiated in 1980, the Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists. From 1999, both the international exhibition and the Aperto were held as one exhibition, held both at the Central Pavilion and the Arsenale. Also in 1999, a $1 million renovation transformed the Arsenale area into a cluster of renovated shipyards, sheds and warehouses, more than doubling the Arsenale's exhibition space of previous years.[36]

A special edition of the 54th Biennale was held at Padiglione Italia of Torino Esposizioni – Sala Nervi (December 2011 – February 2012) for the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification. The event was directed by Vittorio Sgarbi.[37]

National pavilions[edit]

Main article: National pavilions at the Venice Biennale

The Giardini houses 30 permanent national pavilions.[13] Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Giardini are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various countries participating in the Biennale. The first nation to build a pavilion was Belgium in 1907, followed by Germany, Britain and Hungary in 1909.[13] The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their ministries of culture.[38]

Countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini are exhibited in other venues across Venice. The number of countries represented is still growing. In 2005, China was showing for the first time, followed by the African Pavilion and Mexico (2007), the United Arab Emirates (2009), and India (2011).[39]

The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion, established and emerging countries represented at the biennial maintain and fund their pavilions in different ways.[38] While pavilions are usually government-funded, private money plays an increasingly large role; in 2015, the pavilions of Iraq, Ukraine and Syria were completely privately funded.[40] The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council[41] while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State which, since 1985, has been the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.[42] The countries at the Arsenale that request a temporary exhibition space pay a hire fee per square meter.[38]

In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia and Slovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, eleven new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegowina, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada,[43] Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[44] In 2019, four countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Ghana, Madagascar, Malaysia, and Pakistan.[45]

As well as the national pavilions there are countless "unofficial pavilions"[46] that spring up every year. In 2009 there were pavilions such as the Gabon Pavilion and a Peckham pavilion. In 2017 The Diaspora Pavilion bought together 19 artists from complex, multinational backgrounds to challenge the prevalence of the nation state at the Biennale.[47]

The Internet Pavilion (Italian: Padiglione Internet) was founded in 2009 as a platform for activists and artists working in new media.[48][49][50] Subsequent editions were held since,[51] 2013,[51] in conjunction with the biennale.[52]

-----

وینسVenetsiya

art umjetnost umění kunst taideτέχνη művészetList ealaínarte māksla menasartiKunst sztuka artăumenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

venice biennale Venezia Venedig biennalen Bienal_de_Venecia Venise Venecia Bienalo Bienal Biënnale Venetië Veneza Μπιενάλε της Βενετίας ヴェネツィ ア・ビエンナーレ 威尼斯双年展 Venedik Bienali Venetsian biennaali Wenecji biennial #venicebiennale #venicebiennial biennalism

Veneziako Venecija Venècia Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia VenedigΒ ενετία Velence Feneyjar Venice Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja VenezaVeneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴ ェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya Italy italia

 

--------key words

headband protest fashion protestfashion artistic intervention performance artformat action installation critical critic critique institutional critic choregraphy scenography

#venicebiennale #biennalist #artformat #biennale #artbiennale #biennial

#BiennaleArte2024 #artformat

Biennalist :

Biennalist is an Art Format commenting on active biennials and managed cultural events through artworks.Biennalist takes the thematics of the biennales and similar events like festivals and conferences seriously, questioning the established structures of the staged art events in order to contribute to the debate, which they wish to generate.

-------------------------------------------

links about Biennalist :

 

Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Room_(art)

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

—--Biennale from wikipedia —--

 

The Venice International Film Festival is part of the Venice Biennale. The famous Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screening at the competition.

Biennale (Italian: [bi.enˈnaːle]), Italian for "biennial" or "every other year", is any event that happens every two years. It is most commonly used within the art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions. As such the term was popularised by Venice Biennale, which was first held in 1895. Since the 1990s, the terms "biennale" and "biennial" have been interchangeably used in a more generic way - to signify a large-scale international survey show of contemporary art that recurs at regular intervals but not necessarily biannual (such as triennials, Documenta, Skulptur Projekte Münster).[1] The phrase has also been used for other artistic events, such as the "Biennale de Paris", "Kochi-Muziris Biennale", Berlinale (for the Berlin International Film Festival) and Viennale (for Vienna's international film festival).

Characteristics[edit]

According to author Federica Martini, what is at stake in contemporary biennales is the diplomatic/international relations potential as well as urban regeneration plans. Besides being mainly focused on the present (the “here and now” where the cultural event takes place and their effect of "spectacularisation of the everyday"), because of their site-specificity cultural events may refer back to,[who?] produce or frame the history of the site and communities' collective memory.[2]

 

The Great Exhibition in The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, the first attempt to condense the representation of the world within a unitary exhibition space.

A strong and influent symbol of biennales and of large-scale international exhibitions in general is the Crystal Palace, the gigantic and futuristic London architecture that hosted the Great Exhibition in 1851. According to philosopher Peter Sloterdijk,[3][page needed] the Crystal Palace is the first attempt to condense the representation of the world in a unitary exhibition space, where the main exhibit is society itself in an a-historical, spectacular condition. The Crystal Palace main motives were the affirmation of British economic and national leadership and the creation of moments of spectacle. In this respect, 19th century World fairs provided a visual crystallization of colonial culture and were, at the same time, forerunners of contemporary theme parks.

The Venice Biennale as an archetype[edit]

 

The structure of the Venice Biennale in 2005 with an international exhibition and the national pavilions.

The Venice Biennale, a periodical large-scale cultural event founded in 1895, served as an archetype of the biennales. Meant to become a World Fair focused on contemporary art, the Venice Biennale used as a pretext the wedding anniversary of the Italian king and followed up to several national exhibitions organised after Italy unification in 1861. The Biennale immediately put forth issues of city marketing, cultural tourism and urban regeneration, as it was meant to reposition Venice on the international cultural map after the crisis due to the end of the Grand Tour model and the weakening of the Venetian school of painting. Furthermore, the Gardens where the Biennale takes place were an abandoned city area that needed to be re-functionalised. In cultural terms, the Biennale was meant to provide on a biennial basis a platform for discussing contemporary art practices that were not represented in fine arts museums at the time. The early Biennale model already included some key points that are still constitutive of large-scale international art exhibitions today: a mix of city marketing, internationalism, gentrification issues and destination culture, and the spectacular, large scale of the event.

Biennials after the 1990s[edit]

The situation of biennials has changed in the contemporary context: while at its origin in 1895 Venice was a unique cultural event, but since the 1990s hundreds of biennials have been organized across the globe. Given the ephemeral and irregular nature of some biennials, there is little consensus on the exact number of biennials in existence at any given time.[citation needed] Furthermore, while Venice was a unique agent in the presentation of contemporary art, since the 1960s several museums devoted to contemporary art are exhibiting the contemporary scene on a regular basis. Another point of difference concerns 19th century internationalism in the arts, that was brought into question by post-colonial debates and criticism of the contemporary art “ethnic marketing”, and also challenged the Venetian and World Fair’s national representation system. As a consequence of this, Eurocentric tendency to implode the whole word in an exhibition space, which characterises both the Crystal Palace and the Venice Biennale, is affected by the expansion of the artistic geographical map to scenes traditionally considered as marginal. The birth of the Havana Biennial in 1984 is widely considered an important counterpoint to the Venetian model for its prioritization of artists working in the Global South and curatorial rejection of the national pavilion model.

International biennales[edit]

In the term's most commonly used context of major recurrent art exhibitions:

Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, South Australia

Asian Art Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Athens Biennale, in Athens, Greece

Bienal de Arte Paiz, in Guatemala City, Guatemala[4]

Arts in Marrakech (AiM) International Biennale (Arts in Marrakech Festival)

Bamako Encounters, a biennale of photography in Mali

Bat-Yam International Biennale of Landscape Urbanism

Beijing Biennale

Berlin Biennale (contemporary art biennale, to be distinguished from Berlinale, which is a film festival)

Bergen Assembly (triennial for contemporary art in Bergen, Norway)www.bergenassembly.no

Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture, in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China

Bienal de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Biënnale van België, Biennial of Belgium, Belgium

BiennaleOnline Online biennial exhibition of contemporary art from the most promising emerging artists.

Biennial of Hawaii Artists

Biennale de la Biche, the smallest biennale in the world held at deserted island near Guadeloupe, French overseas region[5][6]

Biwako Biennale [ja], in Shiga, Japan

La Biennale de Montreal

Biennale of Luanda : Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace,[7] Angola

Boom Festival, international music and culture festival in Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal

Bucharest Biennale in Bucharest, Romania

Bushwick Biennial, in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York

Canakkale Biennial, in Canakkale, Turkey

Cerveira International Art Biennial, Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal [8]

Changwon Sculpture Biennale in Changwon, South Korea

Dakar Biennale, also called Dak'Art, biennale in Dakar, Senegal

Documenta, contemporary art exhibition held every five years in Kassel, Germany

Estuaire (biennale), biennale in Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, France

EVA International, biennial in Limerick, Republic of Ireland

Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art, in Gothenburg, Sweden[9]

Greater Taipei Contemporary Art Biennial, in Taipei, Taiwan

Gwangju Biennale, Asia's first and most prestigious contemporary art biennale

Havana biennial, in Havana, Cuba

Helsinki Biennial, in Helsinki, Finland

Herzliya Biennial For Contemporary Art, in Herzliya, Israel

Incheon Women Artists' Biennale, in Incheon, South Korea

Iowa Biennial, in Iowa, USA

Istanbul Biennial, in Istanbul, Turkey

International Roaming Biennial of Tehran, in Tehran and Istanbul

Jakarta Biennale, in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jerusalem Biennale, in Jerusalem, Israel

Jogja Biennale, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Karachi Biennale, in Karachi, Pakistan

Keelung Harbor Biennale, in Keelung, Taiwan

Kochi-Muziris Biennale, largest art exhibition in India, in Kochi, Kerala, India

Kortrijk Design Biennale Interieur, in Kortrijk, Belgium

Kobe Biennale, in Japan

Kuandu Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Lagos Biennial, in Lagos, Nigeria[10]

Light Art Biennale Austria, in Austria

Liverpool Biennial, in Liverpool, UK

Lofoten International Art Festival [no] (LIAF), on the Lofoten archipelago, Norway[11]

Manifesta, European Biennale of contemporary art in different European cities

Mediations Biennale, in Poznań, Poland

Melbourne International Biennial 1999

Mediterranean Biennale in Sakhnin 2013

MOMENTA Biennale de l'image [fr] (formerly known as Le Mois de la Photo à Montréal), in Montreal, Canada

MOMENTUM [no], in Moss, Norway[12]

Moscow Biennale, in Moscow, Russia

Munich Biennale, new opera and music-theatre in even-numbered years

Mykonos Biennale

Nakanojo Biennale[13]

NGV Triennial, contemporary art exhibition held every three years at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

October Salon – Belgrade Biennale [sr], organised by the Cultural Center of Belgrade [sr], in Belgrade, Serbia[14]

OSTEN Biennial of Drawing Skopje, North Macedonia[15]

Biennale de Paris

Riga International Biennial of Contemporary Art (RIBOCA), in Riga, Latvia[16]

São Paulo Art Biennial, in São Paulo, Brazil

SCAPE Public Art Christchurch Biennial in Christchurch, New Zealand[17]

Prospect New Orleans

Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism

Sequences, in Reykjavík, Iceland[18]

Shanghai Biennale

Sharjah Biennale, in Sharjah, UAE

Singapore Biennale, held in various locations across the city-state island of Singapore

Screen City Biennial, in Stavanger, Norway

Biennale of Sydney

Taipei Biennale, in Taipei, Taiwan

Taiwan Arts Biennale, in Taichung, Taiwan (National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts)

Taiwan Film Biennale, in Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, U.S.A.

Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art [el], in Thessaloniki, Greece[19]

Dream city, produced by ART Rue Association in Tunisia

Vancouver Biennale

Visayas Islands Visual Arts Exhibition and Conference (VIVA ExCon) in the Philippines [20]

Venice Biennale, in Venice, Italy, which includes:

Venice Biennale of Contemporary Art

Venice Biennale of Architecture

Venice Film Festival

Vladivostok biennale of Visual Arts, in Vladivostok, Russia

Whitney Biennial, hosted by the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City, NY, USA

Web Biennial, produced with teams from Athens, Berlin and Istanbul.

West Africa Architecture Biennale,[21] Virtual in Lagos, Nigeria.

WRO Biennale, in Wrocław, Poland[22]

Music Biennale Zagreb

[SHIFT:ibpcpa] The International Biennale of Performance, Collaborative and Participatory Arts, Nomadic, International, Scotland, UK.

 

—---Venice Biennale from wikipedia —

 

The Venice Biennale (/ˌbiːɛˈnɑːleɪ, -li/; Italian: La Biennale di Venezia) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy by the Biennale Foundation.[2][3][4] The biennale has been organised every year since 1895, which makes it the oldest of its kind. The main exhibition held in Castello, in the halls of the Arsenale and Biennale Gardens, alternates between art and architecture (hence the name biennale; biennial).[5][6][7] The other events hosted by the Foundation—spanning theatre, music, and dance—are held annually in various parts of Venice, whereas the Venice Film Festival takes place at the Lido.[8]

Organization[edit]

Art Biennale

Art Biennale

International Art Exhibition

1895

Even-numbered years (since 2022)

Venice Biennale of Architecture

International Architecture Exhibition

1980

Odd-numbered years (since 2021)

Biennale Musica

International Festival of Contemporary Music

1930

Annually (Sep/Oct)

Biennale Teatro

International Theatre Festival

1934

Annually (Jul/Aug)

Venice Film Festival

Venice International Film Festival

1932

Annually (Aug/Sep)

Venice Dance Biennale

International Festival of Contemporary Dance

1999

Annually (June; biennially 2010–16)

  

International Kids' Carnival

2009

Annually (during Carnevale)

  

History

1895–1947

On April 19, 1893, the Venetian City Council passed a resolution to set up an biennial exhibition of Italian Art ("Esposizione biennale artistica nazionale") to celebrate the silver anniversary of King Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy.[11]

A year later, the council decreed "to adopt a 'by invitation' system; to reserve a section of the Exhibition for foreign artists too; to admit works by uninvited Italian artists, as selected by a jury."[12]

The first Biennale, "I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice)" (although originally scheduled for April 22, 1894) was opened on April 30, 1895, by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia. The first exhibition was seen by 224,000 visitors.

The event became increasingly international in the first decades of the 20th century: from 1907 on, several countries installed national pavilions at the exhibition, with the first being from Belgium. In 1910 the first internationally well-known artists were displayed: a room dedicated to Gustav Klimt, a one-man show for Renoir, a retrospective of Courbet. A work by Picasso "Family of Saltimbanques" was removed from the Spanish salon in the central Palazzo because it was feared that its novelty might shock the public. By 1914 seven pavilions had been established: Belgium (1907), Hungary (1909), Germany (1909), Great Britain (1909), France (1912), and Russia (1914).

During World War I, the 1916 and 1918 events were cancelled.[13] In 1920 the post of mayor of Venice and president of the Biennale was split. The new secretary general, Vittorio Pica brought about the first presence of avant-garde art, notably Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

1922 saw an exhibition of sculpture by African artists. Between the two World Wars, many important modern artists had their work exhibited there. In 1928 the Istituto Storico d'Arte Contemporanea (Historical Institute of Contemporary Art) opened, which was the first nucleus of archival collections of the Biennale. In 1930 its name was changed into Historical Archive of Contemporary Art.

In 1930, the Biennale was transformed into an Ente Autonomo (Autonomous Board) by Royal Decree with law no. 33 of 13-1-1930. Subsequently, the control of the Biennale passed from the Venice city council to the national Fascist government under Benito Mussolini. This brought on a restructuring, an associated financial boost, as well as a new president, Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. Three entirely new events were established, including the Biennale Musica in 1930, also referred to as International Festival of Contemporary Music; the Venice Film Festival in 1932, which they claim as the first film festival in history,[14] also referred to as Venice International Film Festival; and the Biennale Theatro in 1934, also referred to as International Theatre Festival.

In 1933 the Biennale organized an exhibition of Italian art abroad. From 1938, Grand Prizes were awarded in the art exhibition section.

During World War II, the activities of the Biennale were interrupted: 1942 saw the last edition of the events. The Film Festival restarted in 1946, the Music and Theatre festivals were resumed in 1947, and the Art Exhibition in 1948.[15]

1948–1973[edit]

The Art Biennale was resumed in 1948 with a major exhibition of a recapitulatory nature. The Secretary General, art historian Rodolfo Pallucchini, started with the Impressionists and many protagonists of contemporary art including Chagall, Klee, Braque, Delvaux, Ensor, and Magritte, as well as a retrospective of Picasso's work. Peggy Guggenheim was invited to exhibit her collection, later to be permanently housed at Ca' Venier dei Leoni.

1949 saw the beginning of renewed attention to avant-garde movements in European—and later worldwide—movements in contemporary art. Abstract expressionism was introduced in the 1950s, and the Biennale is credited with importing Pop Art into the canon of art history by awarding the top prize to Robert Rauschenberg in 1964.[16] From 1948 to 1972, Italian architect Carlo Scarpa did a series of remarkable interventions in the Biennale's exhibition spaces.

In 1954 the island San Giorgio Maggiore provided the venue for the first Japanese Noh theatre shows in Europe. 1956 saw the selection of films following an artistic selection and no longer based upon the designation of the participating country. The 1957 Golden Lion went to Satyajit Ray's Aparajito which introduced Indian cinema to the West.

1962 included Arte Informale at the Art Exhibition with Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Emilio Vedova, and Pietro Consagra. The 1964 Art Exhibition introduced continental Europe to Pop Art (The Independent Group had been founded in Britain in 1952). The American Robert Rauschenberg was the first American artist to win the Gran Premio, and the youngest to date.

The student protests of 1968 also marked a crisis for the Biennale. Student protests hindered the opening of the Biennale. A resulting period of institutional changes opened and ending with a new Statute in 1973. In 1969, following the protests, the Grand Prizes were abandoned. These resumed in 1980 for the Mostra del Cinema and in 1986 for the Art Exhibition.[17]

In 1972, for the first time, a theme was adopted by the Biennale, called "Opera o comportamento" ("Work or Behaviour").

Starting from 1973 the Music Festival was no longer held annually. During the year in which the Mostra del Cinema was not held, there was a series of "Giornate del cinema italiano" (Days of Italian Cinema) promoted by sectorial bodies in campo Santa Margherita, in Venice.[18]

1974–1998[edit]

1974 saw the start of the four-year presidency of Carlo Ripa di Meana. The International Art Exhibition was not held (until it was resumed in 1976). Theatre and cinema events were held in October 1974 and 1975 under the title Libertà per il Cile (Freedom for Chile)—a major cultural protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.

On 15 November 1977, the so-called Dissident Biennale (in reference to the dissident movement in the USSR) opened. Because of the ensuing controversies within the Italian left wing parties, president Ripa di Meana resigned at the end of the year.[19]

In 1979 the new presidency of Giuseppe Galasso (1979-1982) began. The principle was laid down whereby each of the artistic sectors was to have a permanent director to organise its activity.

In 1980, the Architecture section of the Biennale was set up. The director, Paolo Portoghesi, opened the Corderie dell'Arsenale to the public for the first time. At the Mostra del Cinema, the awards were brought back into being (between 1969 and 1979, the editions were non-competitive). In 1980, Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann introduced "Aperto", a section of the exhibition designed to explore emerging art. Italian art historian Giovanni Carandente directed the 1988 and 1990 editions. A three-year gap was left afterwards to make sure that the 1995 edition would coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Biennale.[13]

The 1993 edition was directed by Achille Bonito Oliva. In 1995, Jean Clair was appointed to be the Biennale's first non-Italian director of visual arts[20] while Germano Celant served as director in 1997.

For the Centenary in 1995, the Biennale promoted events in every sector of its activity: the 34th Festival del Teatro, the 46th art exhibition, the 46th Festival di Musica, the 52nd Mostra del Cinema.[21]

1999–present[edit]

In 1999 and 2001, Harald Szeemann directed two editions in a row (48th & 49th) bringing in a larger representation of artists from Asia and Eastern Europe and more young artists than usual and expanded the show into several newly restored spaces of the Arsenale.

In 1999 a new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre).

The 50th edition, 2003, directed by Francesco Bonami, had a record number of seven co-curators involved, including Hans Ulrich Obrist, Catherine David, Igor Zabel, Hou Hanru and Massimiliano Gioni.

The 51st edition of the Biennale opened in June 2005, curated, for the first time by two women, Maria de Corral and Rosa Martinez. De Corral organized "The Experience of Art" which included 41 artists, from past masters to younger figures. Rosa Martinez took over the Arsenale with "Always a Little Further." Drawing on "the myth of the romantic traveler" her exhibition involved 49 artists, ranging from the elegant to the profane.

In 2007, Robert Storr became the first director from the United States to curate the Biennale (the 52nd), with a show entitled Think with the Senses – Feel with the Mind. Art in the Present Tense.

Swedish curator Daniel Birnbaum was artistic director of the 2009 edition entitled "Fare Mondi // Making Worlds".

The 2011 edition was curated by Swiss curator Bice Curiger entitled "ILLUMInazioni – ILLUMInations".

The Biennale in 2013 was curated by the Italian Massimiliano Gioni. His title and theme, Il Palazzo Enciclopedico / The Encyclopedic Palace, was adopted from an architectural model by the self-taught Italian-American artist Marino Auriti. Auriti's work, The Encyclopedic Palace of the World was lent by the American Folk Art Museum and exhibited in the first room of the Arsenale for the duration of the biennale. For Gioni, Auriti's work, "meant to house all worldly knowledge, bringing together the greatest discoveries of the human race, from the wheel to the satellite," provided an analogous figure for the "biennale model itself...based on the impossible desire to concentrate the infinite worlds of contemporary art in a single place: a task that now seems as dizzyingly absurd as Auriti's dream."[22]

Curator Okwui Enwezor was responsible for the 2015 edition.[23] He was the first African-born curator of the biennial. As a catalyst for imagining different ways of imagining multiple desires and futures Enwezor commissioned special projects and programs throughout the Biennale in the Giardini. This included a Creative Time Summit, e-flux journal's SUPERCOMMUNITY, Gulf Labor Coalition, The Invisible Borders Trans-African Project and Abounaddara.[24][25]

The 2017 Biennale, titled Viva Arte Viva, was directed by French curator Christine Macel who called it an "exhibition inspired by humanism".[26] German artist Franz Erhard Walter won the Golden Lion for best artist, while Carolee Schneemann was awarded a posthumous Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.[27]

The 2019 Biennale, titled May You Live In Interesting Times, was directed by American-born curator Ralph Rugoff.[28]

The 2022 edition was curated by Italian curator Cecilia Alemani entitled "The Milk of Dreams" after a book by British-born Mexican surrealist painter Leonora Carrington.[29]

The Biennale has an attendance today of over 500,000 visitors.[30][31][32]

Role in the art market[edit]

When the Venice Biennale was founded in 1895, one of its main goals was to establish a new market for contemporary art. Between 1942 and 1968 a sales office assisted artists in finding clients and selling their work,[33] a service for which it charged 10% commission. Sales remained an intrinsic part of the biennale until 1968, when a sales ban was enacted. An important practical reason why the focus on non-commodities has failed to decouple Venice from the market is that the biennale itself lacks the funds to produce, ship and install these large-scale works. Therefore, the financial involvement of dealers is widely regarded as indispensable;[16] as they regularly front the funding for production of ambitious projects.[34] Furthermore, every other year the Venice Biennale coincides with nearby Art Basel, the world's prime commercial fair for modern and contemporary art. Numerous galleries with artists on show in Venice usually bring work by the same artists to Basel.[35]

Central Pavilion and Arsenale[edit]

The formal Biennale is based at a park, the Giardini. The Giardini includes a large exhibition hall that houses a themed exhibition curated by the Biennale's director.

Initiated in 1980, the Aperto began as a fringe event for younger artists and artists of a national origin not represented by the permanent national pavilions. This is usually staged in the Arsenale and has become part of the formal biennale programme. In 1995 there was no Aperto so a number of participating countries hired venues to show exhibitions of emerging artists. From 1999, both the international exhibition and the Aperto were held as one exhibition, held both at the Central Pavilion and the Arsenale. Also in 1999, a $1 million renovation transformed the Arsenale area into a cluster of renovated shipyards, sheds and warehouses, more than doubling the Arsenale's exhibition space of previous years.[36]

A special edition of the 54th Biennale was held at Padiglione Italia of Torino Esposizioni – Sala Nervi (December 2011 – February 2012) for the 150th Anniversary of Italian Unification. The event was directed by Vittorio Sgarbi.[37]

National pavilions[edit]

Main article: National pavilions at the Venice Biennale

The Giardini houses 30 permanent national pavilions.[13] Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Giardini are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various countries participating in the Biennale. The first nation to build a pavilion was Belgium in 1907, followed by Germany, Britain and Hungary in 1909.[13] The pavilions are the property of the individual countries and are managed by their ministries of culture.[38]

Countries not owning a pavilion in the Giardini are exhibited in other venues across Venice. The number of countries represented is still growing. In 2005, China was showing for the first time, followed by the African Pavilion and Mexico (2007), the United Arab Emirates (2009), and India (2011).[39]

The assignment of the permanent pavilions was largely dictated by the international politics of the 1930s and the Cold War. There is no single format to how each country manages their pavilion, established and emerging countries represented at the biennial maintain and fund their pavilions in different ways.[38] While pavilions are usually government-funded, private money plays an increasingly large role; in 2015, the pavilions of Iraq, Ukraine and Syria were completely privately funded.[40] The pavilion for Great Britain is always managed by the British Council[41] while the United States assigns the responsibility to a public gallery chosen by the Department of State which, since 1985, has been the Peggy Guggenheim Collection.[42] The countries at the Arsenale that request a temporary exhibition space pay a hire fee per square meter.[38]

In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia and Slovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, eleven new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, Bosnia and Herzegowina, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada,[43] Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[44] In 2019, four countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Ghana, Madagascar, Malaysia, and Pakistan.[45]

As well as the national pavilions there are countless "unofficial pavilions"[46] that spring up every year. In 2009 there were pavilions such as the Gabon Pavilion and a Peckham pavilion. In 2017 The Diaspora Pavilion bought together 19 artists from complex, multinational backgrounds to challenge the prevalence of the nation state at the Biennale.[47]

The Internet Pavilion (Italian: Padiglione Internet) was founded in 2009 as a platform for activists and artists working in new media.[48][49][50] Subsequent editions were held since,[51] 2013,[51] in conjunction with the biennale.[52]

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وینسVenetsiya

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a-world-in-a-grain-of-sand-sl.blogspot.com/2014/06/lean-o...

www.nerowing.com/rowhist/clasper.html

 

Newspaper Announcement, July 12th 1870

 

This morning, Henry Clasper, the veteran oarsman, died at his residence, the Tunnel Inn, North Shore, Newcastle-on-Tyne, after a short but painful illness, of congestion of the brain, at the age of 58 years. The deceased had been ailing for some few weeks, but had been able to attend to business. He gradually, however, became much worse, and was compelled to take to his bedroom; but the illness was not considered by his wife and family to be very serious, and Mrs. Clasper therefore thought it unnecessary to call in the assistance of a medical man at that time. Convulsions having set in, Dr. May, the deceased's regular medical adviser, was at once sent for; and, on his arrival, found his patient in a low, nervous state; but the indisposition was not so serious, in the opinion of the doctor, as to cause alarm to the family and friends of the once-famous oarsman. He became considerably worse, and, gradually sinking, passed quietly and peaceably to his rest, in the presence of his wife; Mrs. Eliza Kyle, Mrs. Strong, Mrs. Waterston, Miss Susannah Clasper, his daughters; Mr. Robert Clasper, his son; and messrs. Davis and Morrow, two old and intimate friends.

 

On the 17th, the interment took place in the beautiful burying ground attached to Whickham Church, amid such a demonstration of popular respect and good feeling as is seldom accorded to any man. No sooner was it known that the noble old veteran had passed from the scene of his many triumphs, than a very laudable desire was expressed to do fitting honour to his obsequies; and as Sunday was considerately selected for this purpose, in order more effectually to meet the convenience of the numerous bodies of working men with whom he had for years been on terms of the greatest friendship, it was naturally expected that vast numbers would be in attendance. Never for a moment, however, did the promoters of the ceremonial anticipate such a display as was witnessed on the occasion. The invitations extended to watermen and other supporters of aquatics were, as calculated upon, very generally accepted; but, in addition to these, the townspeople themselves turned out en masse to show their regard for the hero of so many fights. Although the time for moving the body was announced for a quarter to three o'clock, the spectators began to assemble in the neighbourhood of the Tunnel Inn at least two hours previously, and established themselves on every eminence from which a view of the funeral cortege could in any way be obtained. A little before three o'clock the coffin was carried to the door, and conveyed on the shoulders of six stalwart men to the hearse. The pall-bearers-Mr. James Renforth, Mr. James Taylor, Mr. Thomas Winship, Mr. John Martin, Mr. Thomas Taylor, and Mr. Edward Winship - having ranged themselves on each side of the profusely-plumed hearse, the vehicle advanced a little in order to allow the relatives an opportunity for taking possession of the four mourning coaches provided for them. Everything being at length in readiness, the grand and impressive music of the "Dead March in Saul" was commenced by Stephenson's band, and the procession then moved onward in the following order:- Local oarsmen and members of rowing clubs; the hearse, containing the coffin; first mourning coach, containing Mr. J.H.Clasper, Mr. Robert Clasper, Master Henry Thomas Clasper (sons of the deceased), Mr. Robert Clasper, Mr Richard Clasper and Mr. Thomas Clasper; second mourning coach, containing Mr. George Strong, Mr. John Waterston, Mr. John Waterston, jnr., Mr. William Sadler (sons-in-law of the deceased), Mr. Thomas Clasper, Mr. Robert Clasper, and Mr. Edward Clasper (nephews of the deceased), third mourning coach, containing Mr. Joseph Clasper, Mr. Joseph Snowball, Mr. Thomas Clasper, Mr. John Clasper, Mr. John Hawks (Walker), Mr. John Hawks, jnr., Mr. Edward Hawks (Newcastle), and Mr. Ralph Grey; fourth mourning coach, containing Mr. Robert Snowball, Mr. Thomas Henry Ellis, Mr. John Clasper (Gateshead), Mr. John Hawks Walton, Mr. George Middleton, Mr. George Henry Walton, and Mr. Roger Middleton. Mourners three abreast. The following gentlemen, among others, joined the procession at Derwenthaugh:- Mr. John A Cowen (Blaydon Burn), Mr. Richard Bennett, Mr. E. Martinson (Blaydon), Mr. James Wilkinson, Mr. George Parker, Mr. Thomas Walker, Mr. Joseph Armstrong, Mr. Douglass, Mr. Win. Lawson, Mr. J. Wilson, Mr. T. Daglish, Mr. J. Taylor, Mr. Isaac Johnson, Mr. James Duff, Mr. J. Bagnall, sen., Mr. J. H. Reed, Mr. Lance Jobling, Mr. Thos. Home, and Mr. Henry Gascoigne. Private carriage, containing Mr. Joseph Cowen, jun., Mr. R. B. Reed, and Mr. R. S. Bagnall, jun. Eighteen carriages, containing gentlemen of the neighbourhood, the general public bringing up the rear, walking indiscriminately. The route taken by the procession was considerably changed from that which was first proposed. It was originally intended to convey the body by the Quayside, Collingwood Street, and Scotswood Road, thence across the Suspension Bridge to Swalwell, and so on to the church at Whickham; but as it was at the last moment deemed more appropriate to convey it some part of the distance by water, arrangements for that purpose had rather hastily to be made. The thoroughfares to be traversed were Tyne Street - on a sloping bank, on which was situated the inn occupied by the deceased - New Road, Gibson Street, New Bridge Street, Grey Street, and Dean Street, and so on to the river, where the company were taken on board tug-boats to Derwenthaugh. From this place the path was over cinder heaps to Swalwell, and then by a long ascent leading to the west end of Whickham - a distance of seven or eight miles. Notwithstanding the great extent of ground to be traversed, the route was lined with sorrowing spectators throughout, most of whom, despite the almost private life which Clasper led prior to his death, retained a warm remembrance of the virtues and achievements of the deceased. It was truly a grand and impressive sight to witness, and such, in fact, as poor Clasper never dreamt of during his lifetime. Not fewer than 100,000 or 130,000 persons took part in or witnessed the proceedings. On the procession reaching the Sandhill, it was seen that the people were so densely crowded as to render any further advance almost impossible. Strong detachments of police being brought to the front, the obstacles were removed, and an opening made along the close to the Corporation Quay, where the body had to be removed from the hearse for conveyance over that portion of the old Tyne course which Clasper had formerly traversed so frequently to victory. The proceedings were closely watched by thousands of people who had assembled on the high and low bridges - both of which revealed unbroken lines of faces from end to end - and also by many others who had congregated on the hillside, beneath the tower of St Mary's Church in Gateshead, and upon the quays and wharves bordering both sides of the river. Many hundreds having been taken on board the steamtugs Louise Crawshay, Mary Jane, Joseph Cowen, Margaret, and the Prince of Wales, they proceeded, in the order named, towards their destination. Passing the end of the Mansion House, a hymn was wafted across the waters from a party of choristers who had stationed themselves on some timber at the river's brink. In due course the boats ran up to the quays at Derwenthaugh, were Clasper spent many years of his life as a coke burner, and the body, being taken on shore, was carried over, the dusty cinder heaps behind the ovens to the hearse in waiting on the road, the path being admirably kept by a party of Durham County police. The procession, on being re-formed was here joined by the keelmen belonging to the Stella Coal Company, Messrs. Cowen and Co's works, and others generally employed at Stella, Blaydon, and Derwenthaugh, and was accompanied by them for the remainder of the distance. The procession reached the gates of Whickham Church precisely three hours after its departure from the Ouseburn. The pretilly situated churchyard was thronged wherever a view of the vast procession could be secured; the church tower, from which, perhaps, along the whole route, the most extended and complete survey of the sight could be had, being also occupied by spectators. The people preserved the deepest silence as the funeral party entered the building; and during the time occupied by the Rev. Mr. Taylor in reading the lesson, which he did with deep earnestness, with a clear enunciation, and in a manner calculated in a high degree to impress upon the large body of mourners a right and full appreciation pf the solemnity and the reality of the service in which they were taking part, a mournful and devotional feeling appeared appeared to pervade the whole congregation. The grave was reached with considerable difficulty, though, as far as possible, considering the density of the crowd, a path was made for the relatives and more immediate friends of the deceased. But few beyond those at the graveside obtained a glimpse of the coffin. Immediately the relatives departed, the grave was closed, and those who had hoped to have an opportunity of reading the inscription passed on to the adjoining graves, there to read, as hundreds did, the verses inscribed upon the skiff-shaped stone which marks the resting-place of his mother and his brothers:-

 

Beneath this unassuming stone

 

Lies one, when living, loved by all;

 

It's thus we dwindle, one by one,

 

Obedient to our Maker's call.

 

His little skiff, his sole delight,

 

Is now deserted-cast away;

 

His sculls he plied with skilful might

 

Are all now hastening to decay.

 

As friend, he was beloved by all;

 

As brother, none had stronger ties;

 

But now he's fled this busy world-

 

He's safely moored beyond the skies.

 

His match with time was ended soon,

 

The stakes were banded o'er with tears;

 

His death has caused a sudden gloom,

 

Which nought can dissipate but years.

 

It was a gratifying fact that nothing transpired during the afternoon that in the slightest degree interfered with the observance of due order and decorum. The utmost propriety of conduct was observed by everyone; few, if any, of the assembled thousands exhibited other than symptoms of sorrow and dejection, or uttered anything but expressions of regret at the loss of so well loved and respected a friend, and of sympathy with the relatives in their bereavement.

 

The career of Clasper was an eventful one. He was born at Dunston-on-Tyne, in the year 1812. While young, his parents removed to Jarrow, and there young Harry was sent to work in the pits. After a time, he returned to Dunstan, and worked as a cinder burner at the Garsfield coke ovens; and later on, when about twenty years of age, he became a wherryman for the same firm. From this period his aquatic career may be said to have commenced. At this time racing boats were heavy and unshapely, and the mechanical genius of young Harry was at once directed to their improvement; and such genius and perseverance did he bring to his favourite pursuit, that it is a question whether his fame as an oarsman, or his renown as the inventor of the modern racing boat, is the greatest. One of his earliest attempts at boat-building was the "Five Brothers," which he built at nights, after his day's work was done. To this boat, so appropriately named, the crew, consisting of Harry, William, Robert, Edward, and a younger brother as coxswain, he, for years, was victorious at the annual gala on the Tyne, commonly known as Barge Thursday. On December 18, 1844, his victorious career was interrupted, he being defeated by R. Coombes, in a skiff race on the Tyne for £100; and in the year following, with his brothers, William and Robert, and his uncle, Edward Hawks, he won the champion prize of £100; and, for the first time, the Championship of the World was wrested from the Thames: one of the defeated crews being Robert Coombes, J. Phelps, T. Goodman, T. Coombes, and D. Coombes (coxswain). On the 29th September, he defeated Thomas Carroll on the Mersey; and, on November 25, defeated W. Pocock on the Tyne, each match being for £200. Early in the following year, 1846, he was defeated on the Tyne by Robert Newall, in a match for £200. In 1848, in the celebrated St. Agnes, he and his brothers, with J. Wilkinson, again won the champion prize on the Thames. On the Tyne, in a match for £100, on the first day in 1853, he, with his brothers, were defeated by the celebrated Elswick crew, viz.:-Oliver, Bruce, Winship and Spoor. On July 22, 1858, Harry won the Championship of Scotland, defeating Robert Campbell, on the Clyde, in a match £200; and again defeated him, on October 6th, in another match for £200, on Loch Lomond; but, on November 9th, 1858, he was beaten by Thomas White, on the Thames, in a match for £200. The races mentioned are but a few of his principal ones. He was engaged in several afterwards, but age began to tell upon him, and, meeting younger men, success did not crown his efforts, notwithstanding his great abilities as stroke in four-oared craft, in which he was generally victorious.

 

Thomas Fordyce - Local Records volume 4

Nr. D-126.

Seat Toledo Mk1 (1991-1998).

Escala 1/43

AHC Doorkey, Epe, Holland.

Made in Spain by Pilen / Artec.

Años 90.

 

Printed description on the baseplate:

 

"DOORKEY EPE HOLLAND

MADE FOR SEAT LTD EDITION NR.D -126."

 

More info:

pilen.jimdo.com/asociaci%C3%B3n-con-otras-marcas-i/

miniaturasconry43.blogspot.com.es/2012/09/seat-toledo-y-s...

www.foro.pieldetoro.net/foro/index.php?threads/seat-en-ww...

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AUTO PILEN / ARTEC / AHC DOORKEY

[ Brief history

of Companies Interconnexions ]

 

"Auto Pilen was a diecast line of model cars made in Ibi, Alicante, in southeastern Spain by Pilen S.A..

Models were produced from the 1970s through the mid-1990s mostly in 1:43 scale.

A majority of the castings were inherited from French Dinky.

The company was started in the 1960s, diecasting items like colorful metal sailboats and key chains.

In the late 1980s. Pilen was apparently bought by AHC of the Netherlands.

 

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Pilen

 

(...)

 

"Pilen ceased its production in 1983, but only 5 years later, in 1988, the company was reborn with the new name Artec.

 

In the first catalogues from Artec, there is still place for the Pilen logo, meaning that both companies are really the same one, or at least, that Artec is the successor of Pilen."

 

(...)

 

Source: toysfromthepast.blogspot.com.es/2013/06/293-pilen-artec-s...

 

(...)

 

"Around 1980 there was a Pilen connection with Holland OTO, which had taken over Dutch Efsi Toys. A 1980 Auto Pilen catalog shows many of the revered Efsi vehicles like the Model T series and many Efsi trucks continued as a line Pilen 1980 (Bras 2012).

 

Around 1990, there was also a connection with the Dutch diecast company AHC, which appears to have bought Holland Oto and thus Auto Pilen (Bickford 2009).

AHC has since shared dies and traditionally Pilen stamped cars can be found in both AHC and Holland OTO labeled boxes (Bickford 2009; Johnson 1998, p. 15)."

 

AHC, however, usually produced Volvos, of which Pilen only had a few: the DAF based 66, the 480 Turbo, and the 460 and 850 sedans - most of these appear to have been developed first by AHC models before they were reverse marketed - and then also later sold as Pilens - some of which were made in Spain.

Some of these Volvos also appear to have been sold as promotional models. There were also some Nissans made by AHC/Doorkey packaged as Pilens (Bickford 2009).

 

With the bankruptcy of Doorkey in the early 1990s, Auto Pilen disappeared. The last new models with the Pilen name appeared at this time. "

(...)

 

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Pilen

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

Doorkey

 

"Doorkey was a Dutch model car manufacturer .

 

The company was established in Epe .

They sold miniatures in the scale 1:43.

 

The models are:

 

- Opel Combo, Opel Manta

- Nissan Maxima, Nissan Serena, Nissan Micra (5 door)

- SEAT Ibiza, SEAT 600, SEAT 850 Spider, SEAT 127, SEAT Toledo

- Volvo 440, Volvo 850

- Toyota Celica, Toyota Land Cruiser

- Suzuki Samurai

- Mercedes-Benz 250C, Mercedes-Benz 100, Mercedes-Benz 500

- Mini Cooper

- Porsche Carrera 6

- VW Buggy

- Indra

- Ford Courier

- BMW 2000, BMW 507

- Lexus SC 400

 

Buses:

 

- The Elder Alliance 220 DAF

- The Elder Alliance 230 DAF

- The Oldest Alliance 310 DAF

 

The models were made by the Spanish Artec.

 

Johannes van Rijn founded the company AR-GEE Hobby Collection together with his son Richard, under the name of Ar-Gee , especially for retail.

Ar-Gee stands for the initials of son Richard and colleague Gerrit. They distributed the models under the name Doorkey.

Both companies AHC and AR-GEE were sold in 1995. The companies eventually went bankrupt."

 

Source: nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorkey

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

SEAT Toledo

 

"El SEAT Toledo es un automóvil del segmento C producido por el fabricante español SEAT desde el año 1991 hasta 2009 y desde 2012 en adelante.

Su nombre le viene dado por la ciudad española de Toledo perteneciente a Castilla-La Mancha.

El Toledo abarca cuatro generaciones, las dos primeras diseñadas por Giorgetto Giugiaro, la tercera por Walter de Silva y la cuarta por Alejandro Mesonero-Romanos.

Todas comparten elementos mecánicos y estructurales con otros modelos del Grupo Volkswagen.

 

Fue el primer automóvil de SEAT desarrollado completamente bajo la influencia de Volkswagen (que había adquirido un 51% de las acciones de la marca española en 1986) estrenando un nuevo segmento dentro del mercado español: el de los vehículos con apariencia de berlina pero dotados de un portón trasero.

El modelo fue presentado en el Salón del Automóvil de Barcelona de 1991.

En dicho salón también se presentó el libro ¡Olé Toledo!, escrito y firmado en el acto por Edourd Seidler, que siguió de cerca todo el proyecto del modelo.

El rey Juan Carlos I presidió la inauguración oficial del SEAT Toledo en un acto celebrado en el parador nacional de la ciudad de Toledo.

 

El Toledo es la berlina media de SEAT con motor delantero transversal y tracción delantera."

(...)

 

Generaciones SEAT Toledo

 

- El automóvil SEAT Toledo I, segmento C fabricado por SEAT entre 1991-1998.

- El automóvil SEAT Toledo II, segmento C fabricado por SEAT - entre 1998-2005.

- El automóvil SEAT Toledo III, segmento C fabricado por SEAT entre 2004-2009.

- El automóvil SEAT Toledo IV, segmento C fabricado por SEAT entre 2012-presente.

 

(...)

 

Fuente: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Toledo

 

More info:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Toledo

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

SEAT Toledo I

 

Primera generación (1991-1998)

 

"La primera generación del Toledo (1L) se empezó a comercializar en octubre de 1991. La producción del modelo empezó en la antigua fábrica de la Zona Franca de Barcelona hasta que, en 1993, cuando se inaugura la planta de Martorell, el Toledo se empieza a trasladar allí para su fabricación. Fue el primer modelo de SEAT en ser desarrollado en cooperación con el Grupo Volkswagen (denominado Proyecto S3).

 

En un principio se iba a desarrollar bajo la plataforma del Volkswagen Passat B3, del cual se empezaría a realizar la primera maqueta, pero se descartó por los costes de producción. Al final se desarrolló bajo la plataforma "A2" (PQ32) de la segunda generación del Volkswagen Golf existente, con carrocería hatchback de tres y cinco puertas, y de los modelos (Volkswagen Jetta)..."

(...)

 

"El Toledo de la primera generación fue diseñado por Giorgetto Giugiaro..."

(...)

 

"Se deseaba un modelo superior al SEAT Málaga, que había quedado ya algo anticuado con respecto a la competencia, y darle una nueva imagen a la marca con un modelo de aspecto moderno con unas generosas dimensiones el cual seria el buque insignia de SEAT.

Fue posicionado deliberadamente entre los segmentos C (por plataforma) y D (por soluciones técnicas y "empaque"). Algunos de sus rivales eran el Fiat Tempra, en el segmento C, y las versiones básicas del Ford Sierra, el Opel Vectra y el Renault 21, con las que competía con ventaja en equipamiento."

(...)

 

Motorizaciones

 

"Desaparecen los motores System Porsche que estaba utilizando SEAT y empiezan a utilizar las mecánicas de Volkswagen, denominadas desde la marca SEAT como "Econosport".

Las motorizaciones fueron:

 

Gasolina con injetion (Mono-Jetronic)

 

- Cuatro de gasolina de cuatro cilindros, un 1.6 litros de 75 CV de potencia máxima, un 1.8 litros de 90 CV, un 2.0 litros Digifant de 115 CV(disponible con cambio automático) y un 1.8 litros de 16V de 136 CV y con catalizador 128 CV asociado únicamente al nivel de equipamiento GT. Más tarde se agregó a la gama el 2.0-16v, que desarrollaba 150 CV de potencia máxima como tope de gama (sustituyendo al 1.8i 16v).

 

- Al final de su vida comercial la gama de motores gasolina se redujo únicamente a un 1.6 litros de 100 CV y un 2.0 16V de 150 CV de potencia máxima.

 

Diésel

 

- Las mecánicas diésel eran un 1.9 litros atmosférico de 68 CV (que más tarde se redujeron a 64 para cumplir las normativas anticontaminación) o con turbocompresor y 75 CV.

 

- La novedad más importante fue la introducción de las mecánicas turbo diésel con inyección directa de combustible, ya existentes en otros modelos del Grupo Volkswagen: el 1.9 TDI de 90 CV y, posteriormente, de 110 CV.

Las motorizaciones incluían ya el starter automático, excepto las primeras motorizaciones diésel, que lo tenían manual hasta el año 1994."

(...)

 

---------------------------

 

[ El Seat Toledo I tuvo 2 fases en su evolución, la 1ª Fase presentada en 1991, y una 2ª Fase (restyling) presentada en 1995 ] :

 

- 1ª Fase [ 1991-1995 ]

 

"SEAT presentó el automóvil bajo el eslogan "Para un mundo exigente".

En su primera fase contaba con 4 acabados: CL, GL, GLX y GT/GT16v.

 

Luego llegarían versiones especiales como la Sport/Sport 2000 (1992-1993); alguno de los extras que al principio eran opcionales (OP) más adelante se incluirán de serie."

(...)

 

"En el Salón de Oporto de 1994 se presenta el acabado 2.0-16v, que sustituye al GT-16v. y un nuevo diseño del el interior para toda la gama, como el salpicadero con detalles en gris Champagne, rediseño de los paneles interiores de las puertas, nuevos asientos con nuevas tapicerías, manetas de los mandos (luces/limpia) y algún que otro pequeño detalle. También se incluye el airbag en opcional para conductor y acompañante para las versiones altas de gama.

 

En mayo de 1995 sufre unas pequeñas modificaciones que afectan al exterior.

Las calandras pasan a ser del color de la carrocería en todos los acabados. Los faros traseros pasan a ser combinados, los de la marcha atrás blanca de (CL, GL y Sport) con los intermitentes rosados de (GLX, GT y 2.0i-16v). Los faros pierden las inscripciones Toledo y el acabado, siendo sustituidos por unos anagramas cromáticos ubicados en el portón debajo de los faros con las inscripciones SEAT a la izquierda y Toledo a la derecha, se le añaden taloneras a todas las versiones el cual integraran una chapita con el acabado del modelo. Los retrovisores tendrán un brazo algo más curvo y pasarán de ser abatibles a ser plegables además de incluir en el espejo del conductor una línea vertical central para el ángulo de punto muerto."

(...)

 

- 2ª Fase [ 1995-1998 ]

 

"En el Salón de Fránkfurt de 1995 se presentó una reestilización del SEAT Toledo que llegaría al mercado en septiembre/octubre ese mismo año, en la que se modificó la gama de motorizaciones y la apariencia.

Se le añadieron unos parachoques más redondeados, nuevos faros y nueva calandra.

En el interior heredaría el último diseño pero con nuevas tapicerías, el inmovilizador y luces de cortesía con temporizador y apagado progresivo, el doble airbag (de conductor y acompañante) y nuevos elementos de seguridad como los pretensores de los cinturones y la tercera luz de freno.

 

En el equipamiento se incluyeron pequeñas mejoras, como la preinstalación del Tempomat (control de crucero) y el Komfortblinker (poner intermitente con un toque), exclusivamente en los modelos con motorizaciones TDI, esta novedad no era muy conocida pues se trataba de un extra que solo se incluiría su instalación realizada bajo concesionario oficial, aprovechando que el grupo había empezado a incluir esta función en más modelos de la marca, con solo cambiar la maneta izquierda, que era aparentemente la misma con la diferencia de incluir unos pequeños mandos para su manejo y activar la función con el VAG.COM.

 

La primera generación del SEAT Toledo se dejó de producir a finales de 1998 pero se estuvo vendiendo hasta marzo de 1999, junto con la segunda generación, de finales de 1998."

(...)

--------------------

 

SEAT Toledo I

 

[ Fabricante

SEAT (Grupo Volkswagen), España

 

Factoría ensamblaje

Barcelona, Zona Franca (1991-1993)

Martorell (1993-1998) ]

 

Período

1991-1998

559.041 unidades

 

Tipo

Automóvil de turismo

 

Carrocerías

Liftback cinco puertas

 

Largo / ancho/ alto / batalla

4320 / 1660 / 1425 / 2470 mm

 

Maletero

550 litros

 

Similares

Citroën Xantia

Fiat Tempra

Ford Mondeo

Opel Vectra

Peugeot 405

Renault Laguna

Volkswagen Passat

 

Diseñador

Giorgetto Giugiaro

 

Source: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAT_Toledo_I

 

More info:

www.seatfansclub.com/2011/10/historia-vida-comercial-del-...

www.museoseat.com/modelos/toledo-1/toledo1-castellano.htm

Mémoire2cité il existe de nos jours, de nombreux photographes qui privilégient la qualité artistique de leurs travaux cartophiles. A vous de découvrir ces artistes inconnus aujourd’hui, mais qui seront peut-être les grands noms de demain. archipostcard.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2009-02-13T... - museedelacartepostale.fr/periode-semi-moderne/ - archipostalecarte.blogspot.com/ - museedelacartepostale.fr/blog/ - museedelacartepostale.fr/exposition-permanente/ - www.queenslandplaces.com.au/category/headwords/brisbane-c... - collection-jfm.fr/t/cartes-postales-anciennes/france#.XGe... - www.cparama.com/forum/la-collection-de-cpa-f1.html - www.dauphinomaniac.org/Cartespostales/Francaises/Cartes_F... - furtho.tumblr.com/archive

le Logement Collectif* 50,60,70's, dans tous ses états..Histoire & Mémoire d'H.L.M. de Copropriété Renouvellement Urbain-Réha-NPNRU., twitter.com/Memoire2cite tout içi sig.ville.gouv.fr/atlas/ZUS/ - media/InaEdu01827/la-creatio" rel="noreferrer nofollow">fresques.ina.fr/jalons/fiche-media/InaEdu01827/la-creatio Bâtir mieux plus vite et moins cher 1975 l'industrialisation du bâtiment et ses innovations : www.dailymotion.com/video/xyjudq?playlist=x34ije la préfabrication en usine www.dailymotion.com/video/xx6ob5?playlist=x34ije , le coffrage glissant www.dailymotion.com/video/x19lwab?playlist=x34ije ... De nouvelles perspectives sont nées dans l'industrie du bâtiment avec les principes de bases de l'industrialisation du bâtiment www.dailymotion.com/video/x1a98iz?playlist=x34ije ,

www.dailymotion.com/video/xk6xui?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/xk1dh2?playlist=x34ije : mécanisation, rationalisation et élaboration industrielle de la production. Des exemples concrets sont présentés afin d'illustrer l'utilisation des différentes innovations : les coffrages outils, coffrage glissant, le tunnel, des procédés pour accélérer le durcissement du béton. Le procédé dit de coffrage glissant est illustré sur le chantier des tours Pablo Picasso à Nanterre. Le principe est de s'affranchir des échafaudages : le coffrage épouse le contour du bâtiment, il s'élève avec la construction et permet de réaliser simultanément l'ensemble des murs verticaux. Au centre du plancher de travail, une grue distribue en continu le ferraillage et le béton. Sur un tel chantier les ouvriers se relaient 24h / 24 , www.dailymotion.com/video/xwytke?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/x1bci6m?playlist=x34ije

Le reportage se penche ensuite sur la préfabrication en usine. Ces procédés de préfabrication en usine selon le commentaire sont bien adaptés aux pays en voie de développement, cela est illustré dans le reportage par une réalisation en Libye à Benghazi. Dans la course à l'allégement des matériaux un procédé l'isola béton est présenté. Un chapitre sur la construction métallique explique les avantage de ce procédé. La fabrication de composants ouvre de nouvelles perspectives à l'industrie du bâtiment.

Lieux géographiques : la Grande Borne 91, le Vaudreuil 27, Avoriaz, Avenue de Flandres à Paris, tours Picasso à Nanterre, vues de la défense, Benghazi Libye

www.dailymotion.com/playlist/x34ije_territoiresgouv_cinem... - mémoire2cité - le monde de l'Architecture locative collective et bien plus encore - mémoire2cité - Bâtir mieux plus vite et moins cher 1975 l'industrialisation du bâtiment et ses innovations : www.dailymotion.com/video/xyjudq?playlist=x34ije la préfabrication en usine www.dailymotion.com/video/xx6ob5?playlist=x34ije , le coffrage glissant www.dailymotion.com/video/x19lwab?playlist=x34ije ... De nouvelles perspectives sont nées dans l'industrie du bâtiment avec les principes de bases de l'industrialisation du bâtiment www.dailymotion.com/video/x1a98iz?playlist=x34ije ,

Le Joli Mai (Restauré) - Les grands ensembles BOBIGNY l Abreuvoir www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUY9XzjvWHE … et la www.youtube.com/watch?v=hK26k72xIkU … www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCKF0HEsWWo …

Genève Le Grand Saconnex & la Bulle Pirate - architecte Marçel Lachat -

Un film de Julien Donada içi www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=4E723uQcpnU … … .Genève en 1970. pic.twitter.com/1dbtkAooLM è St-Etienne - La muraille de Chine, en 1973 ce grand immeuble du quartier de Montchovet, existait encore photos la Tribune/Progres.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJAylpe8G48 …, - la tour 80 HLM située au 1 rue Proudhon à Valentigney dans le quartier des Buis Cette tour emblématique du quartier avec ces 15 étages a été abattu par FERRARI DEMOLITION (68). VALENTIGNEY (25700) 1961 - Ville nouvelle-les Buis 3,11 mn www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_GvwSpQUMY … - Au nord-Est de St-Etienne, aux confins de la ville, se dresse une colline Montreynaud la ZUP de Raymond Martin l'architecte & Alexandre Chemetoff pour les paysages de St-Saens.. la vidéo içi * Réalisation : Dominique Bauguil www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sqfb27hXMDo … … - www.dailymotion.com/video/xk6xui?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/xk1dh2?playlist=x34ije : mécanisation, rationalisation et élaboration industrielle de la production. Des exemples concrets sont présentés afin d'illustrer l'utilisation des différentes innovations : les coffrages outils, coffrage glissant, le tunnel, des procédés pour accélérer le durcissement du béton. Le procédé dit de coffrage glissant est illustré sur le chantier des tours Pablo Picasso à Nanterre. Le principe est de s'affranchir des échafaudages : le coffrage épouse le contour du bâtiment, il s'élève avec la construction et permet de réaliser simultanément l'ensemble des murs verticaux. Au centre du plancher de travail, une grue distribue en continu le ferraillage et le béton. Sur un tel chantier les ouvriers se relaient 24h / 24 , www.dailymotion.com/video/xwytke?playlist=x34ije , www.dailymotion.com/video/x1bci6m?playlist=x34ije

Le reportage se penche ensuite sur la préfabrication en usine. Ces procédés de préfabrication en usine selon le commentaire sont bien adaptés aux pays en voie de développement, cela est illustré dans le reportage par une réalisation en Libye à Benghazi. Dans la course à l'allégement des matériaux un procédé l'isola béton est présenté. Un chapitre sur la construction métallique explique les avantage de ce procédé. La fabrication de composants ouvre de nouvelles perspectives à l'industrie du bâtiment.

la Grande Borne 91, le Vaudreuil 27, Avoriaz, Avenue de Flandres à Paris, tours Picasso à Nanterre, vues de la défense, Benghazi Libye 1975 Réalisateur : Sydney Jézéquel, Karenty

la construction des Autoroutes en France - Les liaisons moins dangereuses 1972 www.dailymotion.com/video/xxi0ae?playlist=x34ije - Ministère de l'Équipement et de l'Aménagement du Territoire - Dotation par la France d'autoroutes modernes "nécessité vitale" pour palier à l'inadaptation du réseau routier de l'époque voué à la paralysie : le reportage nous montre des images d'embouteillages. Le ministre de l'Équipement et de l'Aménagement du Territoire dans les deux gouvernements de Pierre Messmer, de 1972 à 1974, Olivier Guichard explique les ambitions du programme de construction qui doit atteindre 800 km par ans en 1978. L'ouverture de section nouvelles va bon train : Nancy / Metz par exemple. Le reportage nous montre l'intérieur des bureaux d'études qui conçoivent ces autoroute dont la conception est assistée par ordinateurs dont le projet d'ensemble en 3D est visualisé sur un écran. La voix off nous informe sur le financement de ces équipements. Puis on peut voir des images de la construction du pont sur la Seine à Saint Cloud reliant l'autoroute de Normandie au périphérique, de l'échangeur de Palaiseau sur 4 niveau : record d'Europe précise le commentaire. Le reportage nous informe que des sociétés d'économies mixtes ont étés crées pour les tronçons : Paris / Lille, Paris / Marseille, Paris / Normandie. Pour accélérer la construction l’État a eu recours à des concessions privées par exemple pour le tronçon Paris / Chartres. "Les autoroutes changent le visage de la France : artères économiques favorisant le développement industriel elles permettent de revitaliser des régions en perte de vitesse et de l'intégrer dans le mouvement général de l'expansion" Sur le plan européen elles vont combler le retard de la France et réaliser son insertion. Images de l'inauguration de l'autoroute entre Paris et Bruxelles par le président Georges Pompidou. Le reportage rappel que l'autre fonction capitale des autoroute est de favoriser la sécurité. La question de la limitation de vitesse est posée au ministre de l’Équipement, qui n'y est favorable que sur certains tronçons. Un des facteur de sécurité selon le commentaire est l'humanisation des autoroutes : aires de repos, restaurants, signalisation touristiques... "Rien n'est impossible aux techniques modernes" nous apprend la voix off qui prend comme exemple le déplacement sur rail de 65 mètres d'un château classé afin de faire passer l'autoroute Lille / Dunkerque.Durée : 4 minutes 30 secondes

Sur les routes de France les ponts renaissent 1945 reconstruction de la France après la Seconde Guerre mondiale www.dailymotion.com/video/xuxrii?playlist=x34ije , Quelques mois après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, un triste constat s'impose : 5 944 passages sont coupés, soit plus de 110 km de brèches ; de nombreuses villes se trouvent isolées.Les chantiers s'activent dans toute la France pour "gagner la bataille des communications routières". Mais outre la pénurie de main d’œuvre, il faut faire face au manque de matériaux (béton, métal) et donc déployer des trésors d'imagination pour reconstruire les ponts détruits. Si le savoir faire des tailleurs de pierre est exploité, le plus spectaculaire est le relevage des ponts, comme le pont de Galliéni à Lyon, où 7 à 800 tonnes d'acier sont sorti de l'eau avec des moyens de l'époque. En avril 1945, il reste 5 700 ponts à reconstruire soit 200 000 tonnes d'acier, 600 000 tonnes de ciment, 250 000 m3 de bois, 10 millions de journées d'ouvrier, prix de l'effort de reconstruction.1945

Auteurs / réalisateurs : images : G.Delaunay, A.Pol, son : C.Gauguier Production : Direction Technique des Services des Ponts et Chaussées / Ministère des Travaux Publics et des Transports Support original : 16 mm noir et blanc Durée : 14 min Thèmes principaux : infrastructures-ouvrages d'art Mot clés : chantier, pont, Reconstruction, restauration, béton précontraint, ministère des travaux publics et des transports

Lieux : Lyon, Tournon, Caen - Le Bosquel, un village renait 1947 l'album cinématographique de la reconstruction, réalisation Paul de Roubaix production ministère de la Reconstruction et de l'Urbanisme, village prototype, architecte Paul Dufournet, www.dailymotion.com/video/xx5tx8?playlist=x34ije - Demain Paris 1959 dessin animé présentant l'aménagement de la capitale dans les années 60, Animation, dessin animé à vocation pédagogique visant à promouvoir la politique d’aménagement suivie dans les années 60 à Paris. Un raccourci historique sur l’extension de Paris du Moyen Âge au XIXe siècle (Lutèce, œuvres de Turgot, Napoléon, Haussmann), ce dessin animé retrace la naissance de la banlieue et de ses avatars au XXe siècle. Il annonce les grands principes d’aménagement des villes nouvelles et la restructuration du centre de Paris (référence implicite à la charte d’Athènes). Le texte est travaillé en rimes et vers. Une chanson du vieux Paris conclut poétiquement cette vision du futur. Thèmes principaux : Aménagement urbain / planification-aménagement régional Mots-clés : Banlieue, extension spatiale, histoire, quartier, ville, ville nouvelle Lieu géographique : Paris 75 Architectes ou personnalités : Eugène Haussmann, Napoléon, Turgot Réalisateurs : André Martin, Michel Boschet Production : les films Roger Leenhardt

www.dailymotion.com/video/xw6lak?playlist=x34ije - Rue neuve 1956 la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, villes, villages, grands ensembles réalisation : Jack Pinoteau , Panorama de la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, ce film de commande évoque les villes et villages français détruits puis reconstruits dans un style respectant la tradition : Saint-Malo, Gien, Thionville, Ammerschwihr, etc. ainsi que la reconstruction en rupture avec l'architecture traditionnelle à Châtenay-Malabry, Arles, Saint Étienne, Évreux, Chambéry, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Abbeville, Le Havre, Marseille, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Dunkerque. Le documentaire explique par exemple la manière dont a été réalisée la reconstruction de Saint-Malo à l'intérieur des rempart de la vieille ville : "c'est la fidélité à l'histoire et la force du souvenir qui a guidé l'architecte". Dans le même esprit à Gien, au trois quart détruite en 1940, seul le château construit en 1494 pour Anne de Beaujeu, fille aînée de Louis XI, fut épargné par les bombardements. La ville fut reconstruite dans le style des rares immeubles restant. Gien est relevé de ses ruines et le nouvel ensemble harmonieux est appelé « Joyau de la Reconstruction française ». Dans un deuxième temps est abordé le chapitre de la construction des cités et des grands ensembles, de l’architecture du renouveau qualifiée de "grandiose incontestablement". S’il est précisé "on peut aimer ou de ne pas aimer ce style", l’emporte au final l’argument suivant : les grands ensembles, c'est la campagne à la ville, un urbanisme plus aéré, plus vert." les films caravelles 1956, Réalisateur : Jack Pinoteau (connu pour être le metteur en scène du film Le Triporteur 1957 qui fit découvrir Darry Cowl) www.dailymotion.com/video/xuz3o8?playlist=x34ije , Film d'archive actualités de 1952 Reconstruction de la France sept ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale état des lieux de la crise du logement , Actualités de 1952. Sept ans après la fin de la seconde guerre Mondiale état des lieux de la reconstruction de la France et de la crise du logement à l’œuvre, pénurie de logement, logements insalubres. Les actualités montrent des images d'archives de la destruction de la France, les Chars de la division Leclerc qui défilent sur les Champs Elysees. Le commentaire dénonce la lenteur de la reconstruction et notamment des manifestations qui ont eu lieue à Royan afin d''accélérer la reconstruction de la ville détruite.Le film montre à Strasbourg, Mulhouse, des réalisation moderne de grands ensembles et des images d'archive de la reconstruction du Havre de Saint Nazaire.Le film se termine à Marseille sur les réalisation nouvelles autour du vieux port puis on assiste à l'inauguration de la Cité Radieuse par le ministre de la Reconstruction et de l'Urbanisme Eugène Claudius-Petit en présence de son architecte Le Corbusier à qui le ministre remet la cravate de commandeur de la légion d'honneur. www.dailymotion.com/video/xk1g5j?playlist=x34ije Brigitte Gros - Urbanisme - Filmer les grands ensembles 2016 - par Camille Canteux chercheuse au CHS -Centre d'Histoire Sociale - Jeanne Menjoulet - Ce film du CHS daté de 2014 www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDUBwVPNh0s … L'UNION SOCIALE POUR L'HABITAT le Musée des H.L.M. musee-hlm.fr/ union-habitat.org/ - EXPOSITION :LES 50 ANS DE LA RESIDENCe SALMSON POINT-Du JOUR www.salmsonlepointdujour.fr/pdf/Exposition_50_ans.pdf - Sotteville Construction de l’Anjou, le premier immeuble de la Zone Verte sottevilleaufildutemps.fr/2017/05/04/construction-de-limm... - www.20minutes.fr/paris/diaporama-7346-photo-854066-100-an... - www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/11/02/940025-140-ans-en-arc... dreux-par-pierlouim.over-blog.com/article-chamards-1962-9... missionphoto.datar.gouv.fr/fr/photographe/7639/serie/7695...

twitter.com/Memoire2cite Les 30 Glorieuses . com et la carte postale.. Il existe de nos jours, de nombreux photographes qui privilégient la qualité artistique de leurs travaux cartophiles. A vous de découvrir ces artistes inconnus aujourd’hui, mais qui seront peut-être les grands noms de demain.(Mémoire2Ville) #chercheur #archiviste #maquettiste dans l #histoire des #logementssociaux #logement #HLM #logementsocial #Patrimoine À Saint-Étienne comme ailleurs, les raisons de la réalisation de constructions si modernes durant les Trente Glorieuses relèvent en partie de la réponse donnée à la crise du logement et de la réorganisation industrielle du pays (fixation de la main-d’œuvre, industrialisation du BTP). Mais il faut aussi y voir la traduction physique d’un projet sociopolitique moderne porté par un État centralisateur et des pouvoirs publics puissants (Tomas et al. 2003 ; Dufaux et Fourcaut 2004 ; Veschambre 2011). Le pays est alors dans une période où les aspirations et idéologies portent vers la construction d’une nouvelle ère urbaine, avec ses ambitions (le bien-être, l’hygiène…), et en rupture avec les difficultés d’alors (le taudis, la maladie, l’individualisme…). www.metropolitiques.eu/Les-representations-complexes-des.... les textes de Rachid KADDOUR @ Le logement, jusqu’ici inconfortable et insuffisant, devient l’un des axes majeurs d’intervention : plus de huit millions d’unités sont construites durant la période. La forme de ces logements se doit d’être aussi moderne que le projet. De grands noms et une nouvelle génération d’architectes sont mobilisés. Ceux-ci dessinent des formes géométriques épurées et, dans les opérations importantes, les évolutions techniques leur permettent de multiplier les signaux que sont les longues barres ou hautes tours autour desquelles se structurent les autres immeubles. Comment la tour Plein-Ciel a-t-elle pu passer de symbole de modernité à « emblème d’un désastre urbain » condamné à la démolition ? Tout d’abord, une partie des équipements de la ZUP et la moitié seulement des logements sont réalisés, du fait de prévisions démographiques non atteintes (Vant 1981 ; Tomas et al. 2003). L’inachèvement accentue les désagréments de la situation à six kilomètres du centre, derrière des infrastructures lourdes. Ensuite, tout au long des années 1980 et 1990, la population de Montreynaud se paupérise (départ des plus aisés vers la propriété, montée du chômage) et « s’ethnicise », avec pour effet, suivant des mécanismes analysés ailleurs (Tissot 2003 ; Masclet 2005), que le regard porté sur elle change : dans les discours politiques et la presse, Montreynaud acquiert l’image d’un quartier dangereux. Dès lors, le quartier entre dans les réhabilitations puis la rénovation [6], mais sans effet important sur la vacance, la pauvreté, l’échec scolaire, la délinquance ou les discriminations. Pour de nombreux Stéphanois, il devient un « là‑haut » [7] relégué. La tour devient le symptôme visible de cette dégradation. Des rumeurs se diffusent dès les années 1970 sur sa stabilité et l’isolation du château d’eau [8]. Dix ans après sa livraison, seuls 50 des 90 appartements sont vendus. Cette vacance conduit à l’aménagement d’un « foyer de logements » pour personnes dépendantes psychiatriques qui accentue l’image d’un quartier de relégation. La gestion difficile du foyer et les problèmes financiers d’une partie des propriétaires amènent à classer la copropriété comme « fragile » en 2002. Une étude indique que la démolition « aurait un impact positif sur la requalification du parc de logements du quartier et permettrait également de promouvoir un changement d’image du site » [9]. Le dernier habitant est relogé fin 2008. Acte 3 : la tour Plein-Ciel, monument symbole de Saint-Étienne D’autres images du corpus indiquent toutefois que, à partir des années 2000, l’image stigmatisée de la tour Plein-Ciel comme emblème d’un grand ensemble en difficulté entre en tension avec une autre image plus valorisante d’édifice symbole de Saint-Étienne. En en faisant l’un des théâtres stéphanois de sa saga, Sabri Louatah reconnaît à la tour Plein-Ciel une place particulière dans la ville. Cette représentation se retrouve, de manière beaucoup plus consciente et militante, dans d’autres productions artistiques durant les années 2000. La tour est notamment représentée sur les affiches du festival Gaga Jazz. Si le festival se veut d’ampleur régionale, son nom montre un ancrage stéphanois – le « gaga » désigne le parler local. Le choix d’identité visuelle va dans le même sens : il s’agit « d’utiliser l’image d’un bâtiment symbole à Saint-Étienne » [10]. Pour les graphistes, la tour s’impose, parce qu’elle est « un monument connu de tous les Stéphanois ». Un monument qui a les honneurs d’une carte postale en 1987 [11], et qui, comme il se doit, est abondamment photographié. Jacques Prud’homme, par exemple, la montre sur plusieurs sténopés visibles sur son blog [12]. Pour lui aussi, la tour est l’un des « symboles de Saint-Étienne ». Saint-Étienne, ville industrielle durement frappée par la crise du logement, est exemplaire du mouvement. Les grands ensembles s’y multiplient. Implantés sur des sommets de collines aux entrées de la ville, ils doivent signifier le renouveau. Montreynaud, « nouvelle petite ville à part entière » [3], joue de ce point de vue un rôle clé. Sa tour, en sommet de colline et dont le château d’eau est illuminé la nuit, en est l’emblème, un « symbole de la modernité » [4]. La tour doit son nom au fait de proposer « des appartements en plein-ciel » [5], et l’on peut voir dans cette dénomination une valorisation de la verticalité, à la fois comme source d’oxygène et de lumière, mais aussi comme signal urbain.

Acte 2 : la tour Plein-Ciel, symbole d’un grand ensemble en difficulté Si l’on classe chronologiquement le corpus d’images identifiées, la tour Plein-Ciel ressurgit significativement dans les champs de la communication institutionnelle et des arts au tournant des années 2000‑2010. Dans la littérature, l’intrigue de la saga Les Sauvages de Sabri Louatah débute à Saint-Étienne, et la tour Plein-Ciel en est un cadre important :

Pourquoi la tour Plein-Ciel a-t-elle pu être ainsi considérée comme « un monument ancré dans le paysage stéphanois » [13] ? La combinaison peut-être unique en France d’une tour d’habitation à un château d’eau en fait un édifice singulier. Couplée avec son implantation en sommet de colline, cette singularité fait de la tour un point de repère important pour les Stéphanois, mais aussi pour les nombreux supporters de l’AS Saint-Étienne qui se rendent au stade, dont elle est voisine. D’ailleurs, la tour est utilisée comme édifice emblème de la ville sur au moins un autocollant et un tifo de supporters, aux côtés des symboles miniers (chevalement, « crassiers ») et du stade Geoffroy-Guichard. Cette représentation faisant de la tour un « monument » aurait pu sauver l’édifice, suivant un mécanisme, classique dans l’histoire du patrimoine, de défense devant une menace de démolition. De nombreux Stéphanois réagissent, et, pour l’association Gaga Jazz, « les affiches et flyers invitant les Stéphanois aux concerts de jazz font aussi office d’actes de revendication pour la conservation ». La nouvelle équipe municipale socialiste de Maurice Vincent, élue en 2008, reconnaît que la tour « représente un symbole » [14]. Elle soumet en 2010 au vote des habitants de Montreynaud deux possibilités : développer la valeur et la fonction de repère de la tour en la transformant en « symbole artistique de la ville de Saint-Étienne » [15] via l’intervention d’un plasticien, ou bien la démolir et aménager un parc : 71 % des votants se prononcent pour la démolition, soit 230 personnes sur les 318 votants. Les défenseurs de la conservation expriment un double regret : l’ouverture du vote aux seuls habitants de Montreynaud, et la très faible mobilisation de ces derniers. La démolition de la tour a lieu le 24 novembre 2011. Son foudroyage la met une dernière fois sous les projecteurs des nombreux appareils audiovisuels présents. Les images produites s’ajoutent à celles existantes, et constituent autant de traces d’un immeuble dont il n’en reste plus aucune sur le terrain. Cette fin dramatique donne à cette chronique des allures de représentation théâtrale, en trois actes : naissance puis mort de l’édifice, avec un ultime soubresaut sous la forme d’une tentative vaine de sauvetage au nom du patrimoine. C’est une troisième définition du terme de représentation qui est mobilisée dans cette conclusion. Ce sont en effet des représentations, en images et en mots, qui ont permis de constituer cette chronique de la tour. Cette dernière révèle que trois représentations mentales sont associées à l’édifice et à sa verticalité : pour la puissance publique ayant commandé sa réalisation et pour les premiers résidents, la tour est un symbole de modernité ; pour une partie des Stéphanois, mais aussi pour les acteurs ayant décidé sa démolition, elle est l’emblème d’un grand ensemble stigmatisé ; et enfin, pour d’autres Stéphanois, habitants de Montreynaud ou artistes entre autres, la tour est un objet phare et patrimonial dans le paysage de Saint-Étienne. Aux côtés, par exemple, de la Tour panoramique à la Duchère (à Lyon), qui a été profondément rénovée, cette mise en évidence de la trajectoire des perceptions de la tour Plein-Ciel permet d’expliciter que la verticalité dont nos villes ont hérité, tout du moins celle présente dans les grands ensembles, fait l’objet d’un système de représentations complexe et en tout cas plus varié que celui présenté dans les discours de légitimation de la rénovation urbaine.

Bibliographie Dufaux, F. et Fourcaut A. (dir.). 2004. Le Monde des grands ensembles, Paris : Créaphis.

Louatah, S. 2011. Les Sauvages, tome 1, Paris : Flammarion–Versilio. Masclet, O. 2005. « Du “bastion” au “ghetto”, le communisme municipal en butte à l’immigration », Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, n° 159, p. 10‑25.

Tissot, S. 2003. « De l’emblème au “problème”, histoire des grands ensembles dans une ville communiste », Les Annales de la recherche urbaines, n° 93, p. 123‑129.

Tomas, F., Blanc, J.-N. et Bonilla, M. 2003. Les Grands Ensembles, une histoire qui continue, Saint-Étienne : Publications de l’université de Saint-Étienne.

Vant, A. 1981. Imagerie et urbanisation, recherches sur l’exemple stéphanois, Saint-Étienne : Centre d’études foréziennes. Veschambre, V. 2011. « La rénovation urbaine dans les grands ensembles : de la monumentalité à la banalité ? », in Iosa, I. et Gravari-Barbas, M. (dir.), Monumentalité(s) urbaine(s) aux XIXe et XXe siècles. Sens, formes et enjeux urbains, Paris : L’Harmattan, p. 193‑206.

Notes

[1] Extraits tirés du film Saint-Étienne, on en parle (Atlantic Film, 1970) associé à l’exposition.

[2] Dont Les grands travaux à Saint-Étienne, ville de Saint-Étienne, 1974.

[3] Brochure publicitaire Montreynaud, Saint-Étienne, résidence les Hellènes, non daté.

[4] Propos tenus par un habitant installé dès l’époque.

[5] Brochure publicitaire Des appartements en plein-ciel. La tour de Montreynaud, non daté.

[6] Avec, dans un premier temps, le grand projet de ville (GPV) en 2001, puis la convention avec l’Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine (ANRU) en 2005.

[7] Expression régulièrement entendue lors des entretiens.

[8] « Le château d’eau : mille m³ qui ne fuiront pas », La Tribune, 17 novembre 1978, p. 14.

[9] Lettre d’information aux habitants de Montreynaud, ville de Saint-Étienne, mai 2003.

[10] Entretien avec Damien et Sébastien Murat (DMS photo), graphistes.[14] Propos de l’adjoint à l’urbanisme, « Tour Plei

« La tour Plein-Ciel se dressait avec une majesté sinistre au sommet de la colline de Montreynaud […]. À l’aube du XXIe siècle, sa démolition avait été plébiscitée par les riverains […]. La célèbre tour au bol était visible depuis la gare en arrivant de Lyon, et beaucoup de Stéphanois la considéraient […] comme le point doublement culminant de la ville : du haut de ses soixante-quatre mètres qui dominaient les six autres collines mais aussi en tant qu’emblème, d’un désastre urbain éclatant et d’une ville résignée à la désindustrialisation » (Louatah 2011, p. 89).Cette description exprime bien la situation dans laquelle la tour se trouve à la rédaction du roman : en attente de démolition. En 2011, les photographies de Pierre Grasset (voir un exemple ci-dessous), missionné par la ville, montrent l’édifice moribond. L’image de la tour est en France encore fortement attachée à celle du logement populaire, du fait notamment de la présence de ce type d’édifice dans les grands ensembles. Or, si l’on parle des tours d’habitat populaire depuis 2003, c’est essentiellement à propos des démolitions : l’Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine (ANRU) incite les bailleurs à détruire prioritairement dans les zones urbaines sensibles les immeubles les plus imposants, dont les tours les plus hautes. Mais l’image négative du « problème des banlieues » et de ses dysfonctionnements est-elle la seule associée aux tours d’habitat populaire ? Ne tend-elle pas à laisser dans l’ombre d’autres représentations attachées à ces édifices ?Une réflexion sur la tour Plein-Ciel à Saint-Étienne est, sur ces points, riche d’enseignements. Tenant une place prépondérante dans le paysage stéphanois, emblématique de l’image des grands ensembles, cette tour édifiée en 1972 est démolie en 2011. La constitution et l’analyse d’un corpus d’une dizaine d’images promotionnelles et artistiques (films, photographies de communication) la mettant en scène permet d’en établir une chronique. Cette dernière met en évidence un système de représentations complexe : tout au long de ses quarante ans d’histoire, l’édifice est en effet perçu comme symbole de modernité, emblème de grand ensemble en difficulté et monument dans le paysage stéphanois. Ces deux dernières représentations, l’une stigmatisée, l’autre valorisée, coexistent même lors des dernières années de la vie de l’édifice. Dans toutes ces représentations différenciées et concurrentes, la verticalité de l’édifice tient un rôle essentiel.Acte 1 : la tour Plein-Ciel, symbole de modernité L’image la plus ancienne identifiée date de 1970. Il s’agit d’un cliché de la maquette de la zone à urbaniser en priorité (ZUP) de Montreynaud, pris sur le stand de l’exposition « Saint-Étienne demain » de la Foire économique. Cette exposition vante les grandes opérations d’urbanisme en cours dans la ville, et vise à montrer « les transformations de la cité et son nouveau visage », afin de rompre avec la « légende de ville noire, industrielle et fixée dans le XIXe siècle » [1]. L’exposition fait partie d’une communication orchestrée par le maire Michel Durafour (1964‑1977). À partir de 1973, les reportages photographiques ou les films [2] mettent à l’honneur Montreynaud (jusqu’à 4 400 logements prévus) et en particulier sa tour Plein-Ciel (par l’architecte Raymond Martin), avec sa verticalité (18 niveaux), le château d’eau qui la coiffe et sa situation en rupture avec la ville ancienne. -La Tour Réservoir Plein Ciel était un immeuble de logement situé à Saint-Étienne, dans le quartier de Montreynaud, classé en zone urbaine sensible. Elle culminait à 63 mètres de haut (92 avec l'antenne).

La tour avait été construite en 1972 par l'architecte Raymond Martin, l'antenne de 63 mètres de haut reste jusqu'en 1992 avant de retour en 1996 afin de répondre à la demande considérable en logements. Elle était considérée comme un symbole du quartier. Visible de loin, elle permettait de repérer le quartier dans la ville.Sa destruction a été effectuée le 24 novembre 2011 à 10 h 45 par foudroyage, après le vote majoritaire (73 %) en faveur. --------------------------------------- Sotteville Construction de l’Anjou, le premier immeuble de la Zone Verte sottevilleaufildutemps.fr/2017/05/04/construction-de-limm... - www.20minutes.fr/paris/diaporama-7346-photo-854066-100-an... - www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/11/02/940025-140-ans-en-arc... dreux-par-pierlouim.over-blog.com/article-chamards-1962 ..missionphoto.datar.gouv.fr/fr/photographe/7639/serie/7695... Mémoire2cité Mémoire2Ville Mémoire de l'Habitat,içi la page listant mes 43 albums photos disponibles, çe x 1000 pour chacuns d'entre eux ..Merci aux 5859 followers qui porte une attention particuliere à nos quartiers..la Grande Borne 91, le Vaudreuil 27, Avoriaz, Avenue de Flandres à Paris, tours Picasso à Nanterre, vues de la défense, Benghazi Libye 1975 Réalisateur : Sydney Jézéquel, Karenty

Ministère de l'Équipement et de l'Aménagement du Territoire - Dotation par la France d'autoroutes modernes "nécessité vitale" pour palier à l'inadaptation du réseau routier de l'époque voué à la paralysie : le reportage nous montre des images d'embouteillages. Le ministre de l'Équipement et de l'Aménagement du Territoire dans les deux gouvernements de Pierre Messmer, de 1972 à 1974, Olivier Guichard explique les ambitions du programme de construction qui doit atteindre 800 km par ans en 1978. L'ouverture de section nouvelles va bon train : Nancy / Metz par exemple. Le reportage nous montre l'intérieur des bureaux d'études qui conçoivent ces autoroute dont la conception est assistée par ordinateurs dont le projet d'ensemble en 3D est visualisé sur un écran. La voix off nous informe sur le financement de ces équipements. Puis on peut voir des images de la construction du pont sur la Seine à Saint Cloud reliant l'autoroute de Normandie au périphérique, de l'échangeur de Palaiseau sur 4 niveau : record d'Europe précise le commentaire. Le reportage nous informe que des sociétés d'économies mixtes ont étés crées pour les tronçons : Paris / Lille, Paris / Marseille, Paris / Normandie. Pour accélérer la construction l’État a eu recours à des concessions privées par exemple pour le tronçon Paris / Chartres. "Les autoroutes changent le visage de la France : artères économiques favorisant le développement industriel elles permettent de revitaliser des régions en perte de vitesse et de l'intégrer dans le mouvement général de l'expansion" Sur le plan européen elles vont combler le retard de la France et réaliser son insertion. Images de l'inauguration de l'autoroute entre Paris et Bruxelles par le président Georges Pompidou. Le reportage rappel que l'autre fonction capitale des autoroute est de favoriser la sécurité. La question de la limitation de vitesse est posée au ministre de l’Équipement, qui n'y est favorable que sur certains tronçons. Un des facteur de sécurité selon le commentaire est l'humanisation des autoroutes : aires de repos, restaurants, signalisation touristiques... "Rien n'est impossible aux techniques modernes" nous apprend la voix off qui prend comme exemple le déplacement sur rail de 65 mètres d'un château classé afin de faire passer l'autoroute Lille / Dunkerque.Durée : 4 minutes 30 secondes Sur les routes de France les ponts renaissent 1945 reconstruction de la France après la Seconde Guerre mondiale www.dailymotion.com/video/xuxrii?playlist=x34ije , Quelques mois après la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, un triste constat s'impose : 5 944 passages sont coupés, soit plus de 110 km de brèches ; de nombreuses villes se trouvent isolées.Les chantiers s'activent dans toute la France pour "gagner la bataille des communications routières". Mais outre la pénurie de main d’œuvre, il faut faire face au manque de matériaux (béton, métal) et donc déployer des trésors d'imagination pour reconstruire les ponts détruits. Si le savoir faire des tailleurs de pierre est exploité, le plus spectaculaire est le relevage des ponts, comme le pont de Galliéni à Lyon, où 7 à 800 tonnes d'acier sont sorti de l'eau avec des moyens de l'époque. En avril 1945, il reste 5 700 ponts à reconstruire soit 200 000 tonnes d'acier, 600 000 tonnes de ciment, 250 000 m3 de bois, 10 millions de journées d'ouvrier, prix de l'effort de reconstruction.1945

Auteurs / réalisateurs : images : G.Delaunay, A.Pol, son : C.Gauguier Production : Direction Technique des Services des Ponts et Chaussées / Ministère des Travaux Publics et des Transports Support original : 16 mm noir et blanc Durée : 14 min Thèmes principaux : infrastructures-ouvrages d'art Mot clés : chantier, pont, Reconstruction, restauration, béton précontraint, ministère des travaux publics et des transportsLieux : Lyon, Tournon, Caen - Le Bosquel, un village renait 1947 l'album cinématographique de la reconstruction, réalisation Paul de Roubaix production ministère de la Reconstruction et de l'Urbanisme, village prototype, architecte Paul Dufournet, www.dailymotion.com/video/xx5tx8?playlist=x34ije - Demain Paris 1959 dessin animé présentant l'aménagement de la capitale dans les années 60, Animation, dessin animé à vocation pédagogique visant à promouvoir la politique d’aménagement suivie dans les années 60 à Paris. Un raccourci historique sur l’extension de Paris du Moyen Âge au XIXe siècle (Lutèce, œuvres de Turgot, Napoléon, Haussmann), ce dessin animé retrace la naissance de la banlieue et de ses avatars au XXe siècle. Il annonce les grands principes d’aménagement des villes nouvelles et la restructuration du centre de Paris (référence implicite à la charte d’Athènes). Le texte est travaillé en rimes et vers. Une chanson du vieux Paris conclut poétiquement cette vision du futur. Thèmes principaux : Aménagement urbain / planification-aménagement régional Mots-clés : Banlieue, extension spatiale, histoire, quartier, ville, ville nouvelle Lieu géographique : Paris 75 Architectes ou personnalités : Eugène Haussmann, Napoléon, Turgot Réalisateurs : André Martin, Michel Boschet Production : les films Roger Leenhardt

www.dailymotion.com/video/xw6lak?playlist=x34ije - Rue neuve 1956 la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, villes, villages, grands ensembles réalisation : Jack Pinoteau , Panorama de la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, ce film de commande évoque les villes et villages français détruits puis reconstruits dans un style respectant la tradition : Saint-Malo, Gien, Thionville, Ammerschwihr, etc. ainsi que la reconstruction en rupture avec l'architecture traditionnelle à Châtenay-Malabry, Arles, Saint Étienne, Évreux, Chambéry, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Abbeville, Le Havre, Marseille, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Dunkerque. Le documentaire explique par exemple la manière dont a été réalisée la reconstruction de Saint-Malo à l'intérieur des rempart de la vieille ville : "c'est la fidélité à l'histoire et la force du souvenir qui a guidé l'architecte". Dans le même esprit à Gien, au trois quart détruite en 1940, seul le château construit en 1494 pour Anne de Beaujeu, fille aînée de Louis XI, fut épargné par les bombardements. La ville fut reconstruite dans le style des rares immeubles restant. Gien est relevé de ses ruines et le nouvel ensemble harmonieux est appelé « Joyau de la Reconstruction française ». Dans un deuxième temps est abordé le chapitre de la construction des cités et des grands ensembles, de l’architecture du renouveau qualifiée de "grandiose incontestablement". S’il est précisé "on peut aimer ou de ne pas aimer ce style", l’emporte au final l’argument suivant : les grands ensembles, c'est la campagne à la ville, un urbanisme plus aéré, plus vert." les films caravelles 1956, Réalisateur : Jack Pinoteau (connu pour être le metteur en scène du film Le Triporteur 1957 qui fit découvrir Darry Cowl) www.dailymotion.com/video/xuz3o8?playlist=x34ije , Levittown: The Construction and Systematic Execution of Discrimination in Modern Suburbia (NHD 2018) www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_KrD6PkX0M … … 17000 maisons en 2 ans un record dans l histoire des annees 60 @ la grande Acceleration @ Un point de bascule avec le changement de regime d'existence les 30 glorieuses americaine @ la constructions de masse.., ici LEVITTOWN a LONGISLAND, 17000 pavillons en 2 ans un Record...Yes this is it my Our Home Town: Levittown, PA (1954) - www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_KrD6PkX0M les 30 glorieuses atomique @ le projet PLOWSHARE de 1957 LE FILM ICI www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpjFU_kBaBE … STRAUSS le promoteur du nucleaire Americain les 30 glorieuses Américaine @ quand celles çi ratent le coche sur le developpement solaire... les occasions manquées de soigner notre humanité..www.dailymotion.com/video/xuxrii?playlist=x34ije Lyon, Tournon, Caen - Le Bosquel, un village renait 1947 l'album cinématographique de la reconstruction, réalisation Paul de Roubaix production ministère de la Reconstruction et de l'Urbanisme, village prototype, architecte Paul Dufournet, www.dailymotion.com/video/xx5tx8?playlist=x34ije - Demain Paris 1959 dessin animé présentant l'aménagement de la capitale dans les années 60, Animation, dessin animé à vocation pédagogique visant à promouvoir la politique d’aménagement suivie dans les années 60 à Paris. Un raccourci historique sur l’extension de Paris du Moyen Âge au XIXe siècle (Lutèce, œuvres de Turgot, Napoléon, Haussmann), ce dessin animé retrace la naissance de la banlieue et de ses avatars au XXe siècle. Il annonce les grands principes d’aménagement des villes nouvelles et la restructuration du centre de Paris (référence implicite à la charte d’Athènes). Le texte est travaillé en rimes et vers. Une chanson du vieux Paris conclut poétiquement cette vision du futur. Thèmes principaux : Aménagement urbain / planification-aménagement régional Mots-clés : Banlieue, extension spatiale, histoire, quartier, ville, ville nouvelle Lieu géographique : Paris 75 Architectes ou personnalités : Eugène Haussmann, Napoléon, Turgot Réalisateurs : André Martin, Michel Boschet Production : les films Roger Leenhardt

www.dailymotion.com/video/xw6lak?playlist=x34ije - Rue neuve 1956 la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, villes, villages, grands ensembles réalisation : Jack Pinoteau , Panorama de la reconstruction de la France dix ans après la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, ce film de commande évoque les villes et villages français détruits puis reconstruits dans un style respectant la tradition : Saint-Malo, Gien, Thionville, Ammerschwihr, etc. ainsi que la reconstruction en rupture avec l'architecture traditionnelle à Châtenay-Malabry, Arles, Saint Étienne, Évreux, Chambéry, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Abbeville, Le Havre, Marseille, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Dunkerque. Le documentaire explique par exemple la manière dont a été réalisée la reconstruction de Saint-Malo à l'intérieur des rempart de la vieille ville : "c'est la fidélité à l'histoire et la force du souvenir qui a guidé l'architecte". Dans le même esprit à Gien, au trois quart détruite en 1940, seul le château construit en 1494 pour Anne de Beaujeu, fille aînée de Louis XI, fut épargné par les bombardements. La ville fut reconstruite dans le style des rares immeubles restant. Gien est relevé de ses ruines et le nouvel ensemble harmonieux est appelé « Joyau de la Reconstruction française ». Dans un deuxième temps est abordé le chapitre de la construction des cités et des grands ensembles, de l’architecture du renouveau qualifiée de "grandiose incontestablement". S’il est précisé "on peut aimer ou de ne pas aimer ce style", l’emporte au final l’argument suivant : les grands ensembles, c'est la campagne à la ville, un urbanisme plus aéré, plus vert." les films caravelles 1956, Réalisateur : Jack Pinoteau (connu pour être le metteur en scène du film Le Triporteur 1957 qui fit découvrir Darry Cowl) www.dailymotion.com/video/xuz3o8?playlist=x34ije - www.dailymotion.com/video/xk1g5j?playlist=x34ije Brigitte Gros - Urbanisme - Filmer les grands ensembles 2016 - par Camille Canteux chercheuse au CHS -Centre d'Histoire Sociale - Jeanne Menjoulet - Ce film du CHS daté de 2014 www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDUBwVPNh0s … L'UNION SOCIALE POUR L'HABITAT le Musée des H.L.M. musee-hlm.fr/ union-habitat.org/ - EXPOSITION :LES 50 ANS DE LA RESIDENCe SALMSON POINT-Du JOUR www.salmsonlepointdujour.fr/pdf/Exposition_50_ans.pdf - Sotteville Construction de l’Anjou, le premier immeuble de la Zone Verte sottevilleaufildutemps.fr/2017/05/04/construction-de-limm... - www.20minutes.fr/paris/diaporama-7346-photo-854066-100-an... - www.ladepeche.fr/article/2010/11/02/940025-140-ans-en-arc... dreux-par-pierlouim.over-blog.com/article-chamards-1962-9... missionphoto.datar.gouv.fr/fr/photographe/7639/serie/7695.. A partir des années 1950, le trafic de la banlieue parisienne suit l’urbanisation galopante et les dessertes ferroviaires doivent s’adapter et se moderniser.Quelques amateurs ont su immortaliser un monde ferroviaire qui était alors en voie de disparition. Dans ce film, nous retrouvons les dessertes 750 volts par troisième rail en rames « Standard » sur les lignes de Versailles-RD, sur la ligne d’Auteuil et entre Puteaux et Issy-Plaine mais aussi les derniers trains à vapeur à St Lazare, à La Bastille et sur le Nord et quelques ultimes voyages sur les lignes de Ceinture --------------De la révolution industrielle à aujourd’hui, un décryptage minutieux de la course au développement qui a marqué le point de départ de l’ère de l'anthropocène (ou l'ère de l'Homme) et de la déterioration continue de la planète. www.arte.tv/fr/videos/073938-000-A/l-homme-a-mange-la-terre/ Quelque 1 400 milliards de tonnes de CO2 sont aujourd’hui prisonnières de la basse atmosphère. Réchauffement climatique, déforestation, inondations, épuisement des ressources, pollutions, déchets radioactifs... : en deux siècles, la course au progrès et à la croissance a durablement altéré la planète, la crise environnementale se doublant d’une rupture géologique, avec l’avènement de l’ère anthropocène. Portée par l’exploitation des énergies fossiles – du charbon de la révolution industrielle en Angleterre au tout-pétrole de la domination économique des États-Unis –, l’industrialisation et ses corollaires, taylorisme et colonialisme, entraînent une exponentielle production de masse. Un processus qu’accélère la Première Guerre mondiale, les firmes chimiques mobilisées pour tuer l’ennemi se reconvertissant dans la destruction du vivant avec les herbicides, insecticides et fertilisants de l’agriculture intensive. Alors que l’urbanisation s’étend, la voiture, qui sonne le glas du tramway, se généralise, et l’Amérique s’inspire du modèle autoroutier nazi. La Seconde Guerre mondiale engendre une nouvelle organisation du travail, laquelle devient la norme, et annonce l’ère nucléaire de la guerre froide. Dans sa démesure, l’homme rêve déjà d’usages civils de l’atome (y compris pour l’abattement de montagnes et la dissolution des calottes glaciaires !). Le plastique et le béton deviennent les piliers de la consommation de masse, dévoreuse de matières premières et antidote à la contestation sociale, jusqu’à la révolution numérique. Liaisons dangereuses En balayant, avec de formidables archives issues du monde entier, deux siècles de progrès jusqu’à l’ère du big data, le film remonte aux sources de la crise écologique, en interrogeant avec précision les enjeux scientifiques, économiques et politiques qui y ont conduit. Fourmillant d’informations, il éclaire l’histoire de cette marche folle, et les liaisons dangereuses entre industries militaire et civile. Entre capitalisme et mondialisation imposés par les grandes puissances, un décryptage passionnant du basculement dans l’anthropocène, funeste asservissement de la nature par l’homme. le Logement Collectif* 50,60,70's dans tous ses états..Histoire & Mémoire de l'Habitat / Rétro-Villes / HLM / Banlieue / Renouvellement Urbain / Urbanisme URBANISME S’imaginer Paris et le Grand Paris @ Les 50ans d'Apur (link: 50ans.apur.org/#intro) 50ans.apur.org/#intro @ Où en est l'histoire urbaine des sociétés contemporaines ? Cet ouvrage, inspiré par Annie Fourcaut, qui contribua de manière décisive à son développement, propose un état des lieux de ce champ et explore des pistes de recherche ouvrant l'histoire urbaine à une variété de " genres ". Où en est l'histoire urbaine des sociétés contemporaines ? Cet ouvrage, inspiré par Annie Fourcaut, qui contribua de manière décisive à son développement, propose un état des lieux de ce champ. De Femmes à l'usine (1981), Bobigny, banlieue rouge (1986), à La banlieue en morceaux (2000), en passant par les publications collectives qu'elle a coordonnées et les travaux qu'elle a encadrés, la trajectoire de cette historienne a conduit l'histoire sociale et politique – telle qu'on la pratiquait dans les années 1970 – vers une histoire urbaine renouvelée. Le livre revient sur cette évolution et explore des pistes de recherche ouvrant l'histoire urbaine à une variété de " genres ". Les auteurs, historiennes et historiens, sociologues, politistes, géographes, architectes, urbanistes et décideurs politiques proposent une histoire urbaine à la fois interdisciplinaire et ancrée dans la fabrique de la ville et ses représentations, portant la marque de sa dédicataire.Les quatre sections de l'ouvrage dessinent les chantiers qu'Annie Fourcaut a investis : " Du social à l'urbain " met en avant la conviction qu'étudier l'histoire des villes, c'est toujours faire de l'histoire sociale ; " Qu'elle était belle la banlieue " est centré sur les banlieues, son territoire d'étude de prédilection ; " Les habits neufs des politiques de la ville " interroge les politiques urbaines successives et leur transformation ; enfin, " Banc d'essai des modernités " propose une analyse historique de l'urbanisme, comme discipline et comme pratique. www.benjamingibeaux.fr/portfolio/petite-histoire-de-lhabi... Le Label « Patrimoine du XXe siècle » créé en 1999 par le ministère de la Culture et de la Communication a pour but de faire connaître l’architecture de cette période. La comparaison des labellisations réalisées par les DRAC d’Île-de-France et d’Occitanie (ex Languedoc-Roussillon et de Midi-Pyrénées) montre la variété des méthodes employées pour rendre compte soit de l’importance numérique des édifices remarquables soit de la difficulté à établir ce corpus et de la nécessité de s’appuyer sur les inventaires ou études thématiques ou monographiques. Si l’attribution du label, désormais appelé "Architecture contemporaine remarquable" s’est faite depuis vingt ans de façon très diverse selon les régions, elle est toujours l’occasion de mettre en lumière et de porter à la connaissance du public des œuvres architecturales remarquables, notamment via une augmentation impressionnante des publications de qualité sur l'architecture du XXe siècle. En 1999, le ministère de la Culture et de la Communication propose la mise en place d’un nouvel outil pour permettre la reconnaissance et la sauvegarde des constructions élevées au cours du siècle qui s’achève. Le label « Patrimoine du XXe siècle » est une déclinaison nationale de la recommandation du conseil de l’Europe sur la prise en compte de l’architecture du XXe siècle. Ce dernier évoque, pour la conservation de ce patrimoine « moins reconnu », une absence d’intérêt « en raison de sa proximité dans l’Histoire, de l’abondance de ses témoignages et de son caractère hétérogène » et sa crainte de « pertes irréparables »2 . Le label mis en place par la France vise à appeler « l’attention des décideurs, des aménageurs, mais aussi et surtout de ses usagers et du public sur les productions remarquables de ce siècle » Chargées de mettre en place le label, les directions régionales des affaires culturelles (Drac), services déconcentrés du ministère de la Culture, ont à cette date déjà construit, chacune à sa manière, leur approche de la préservation du patrimoine du XXe siècle. Elles s’emparent alors diversement du label, appliquant de facto des labellisations aux immeubles de ce siècle déjà protégés au titre des monuments historiques4 ou mettant en place de véritables stratégies pour répondre pleinement aux attendus de la directive nationale. À partir de nos expériences, il nous a paru intéressant de montrer la diversité de la mise en place du label dans trois Drac parmi d’autres, l’Île-de-France ainsi que Languedoc-Roussillon et Midi-Pyrénées qui composent aujourd’hui la région Occitanie5. Pour chacune de ces Drac, il s’agit de montrer comment la connaissance de ce patrimoine, mais aussi ses particularités territoriales ont joué un rôle important dans le choix des méthodologies de sélection des œuvres à labelliser ainsi que la détermination de critères, et de présenter les résultats et les actions de valorisation menées pour faire connaître et apprécier ces créations architecturales récentes. Le label « Patrimoine du XXe siècle » en Île-de-France : gérer l’abondance La Drac Île-de-France s’est emparée tardivement du label « Patrimoine du XXe siècle », pour plusieurs raisons. Parmi les freins à l’action, il faut citer la question du pilotage de la mise en place du label entre différents services de la Drac, les interrogations liées à l’opportunité de ce nouveau dispositif et un relatif scepticisme quant à son efficacité, l’ampleur de la tâche au vu du corpus concerné, le plus important de France en quantité et sans doute en qualité, mais surtout l’engagement pris de longue date par cette Drac et les membres de sa commission régionale du patrimoine et des sites (CRPS) en faveur du patrimoine du XXe siècle. En effet, c’est sans doute dans cette région que l’on protège le plus grand nombre d’édifices contemporains au titre des monuments historiques : dans la première décennie du XXIe siècle, selon les années, 50 à 70 % des protections concernent des édifices construits au siècle précédent. Ainsi, ce nouveau dispositif, dépourvu de dispositions contraignantes, étranger à la culture de la conservation régionale des monuments historiques (CRMH) dont l’action est liée à la protection, peinait à démontrer son intérêt au regard de ce qu’offre la législation sur les monuments historiques. Cependant, au vu de l’enjeu que constitue la préservation de l’architecture contemporaine en Île-de-France, lié à la fois à l’ampleur de la production et aux évolutions urbaines et réglementaires constantes engageant sa conservation, la question de la mise en place du label était régulièrement posée à la Drac. Pilotée par la CRMH, la première expérience de labellisation y fut menée en 2004. Elle s’inscrivait dans la suite de l’étude menée par le groupe d’experts dirigé par Bernard Toulier, conservateur du Patrimoine au département du pilotage de la recherche et de la politique scientifique du ministère de la Culture, qui avait produit une liste d’édifices du XXe siècle repérés en bibliographie, inventaire devant servir de base à la constitution de propositions de labellisations. Selon la méthode suivie par ce groupe d’experts, on fit le choix de présenter tous les immeubles concernés regroupés par larges typologies. Les membres de la CRPS, devant lesquels fut présentée cette liste d’édifices, rejetèrent en bloc la sélection où voisinaient l’aérogare 1 de l’aéroport Roissy-Charles de Gaulle et la modeste mairie du 17e arrondissement de Paris présentée à la demande de son maire, arguant de l’impossibilité à valider le choix d’édifices que rien ne rapprochait. De plus, nombre des immeubles retenus étaient candidats à la protection au titre des monuments historiques, brouillant de fait l’identité du label et réfutant du même coup la conception un temps énoncée du label comme « antichambre » de la protection. En effet, si la grande qualité de la plupart des édifices sélectionnés montrait toute la richesse des créations contemporaines franciliennes, la seule présentation des plus remarquables d’entre eux résultait d’une absence de sélection argumentée, selon l’esprit du label. La présentation de cette première liste en CRPS tourna donc court. - La question des critères de sélection a été débattue à la lumière de l’expérience de la labellisa (...) En 2008, toujours sous l’impulsion du service des monuments historiques, une nouvelle orientation fut prise. Un pilotage, un groupe de travail, un objectif furent mis en place. Trois orientations furent définies : selon les recommandations de la CRMH de la région PACA, procéder par thématiques typologiques, méthode propice à l’élaboration de critères de sélection ; cibler un patrimoine déprécié ou en danger, pour répondre parfaitement aux attendus de la directive européenne ; pour cette première campagne de labellisation, choisir un champ vierge de reconnaissance patrimoniale, éloigné de la protection au titre des monuments historiques afin d’éviter toute confusion entre les édifices labellisés et les édifices protégés. Le thème des ensembles de logements, nombreux dans cette région, s’est naturellement dégagé. À géométrie variable, le groupe de travail dirigé par la cellule protection était formé d’un premier cercle pérenne, garant de la cohérence de la démarche de labellisation et des choix des thématiques, et d’un second, composé de spécialistes de chaque thématique retenue. Le premier cercle était constitué d’agents de la Drac (conservation des monuments historiques, service architecture, un architecte des bâtiments de France, chargé de faire le lien avec l’ensemble des services départementaux de l’architecture et du patrimoine de la région), de représentants du monde universitaire et de la recherche dans le domaine de l’architecture du XXe siècle.

Pour les ensembles de logements, le second cercle du groupe de travail a permis d’associer des acteurs de terrain, des représentants des bailleurs sociaux, des experts. Le sujet fut restreint chronologiquement (1945-1975), son acception précisée (habitat collectif et individuel) et le corpus, basé sur les inventaires existants et la bibliographie, fut établi à partir des critères élaborés par le groupe de travail : histoire, forme urbaine, valeur d’usage, technique, style - Composée d’environ un tiers de ses membres, la délégation permanente est une émanation de la CRPS (...) De façon exceptionnelle, la liste des ensembles de logements fut en premier lieu présentée devant les membres de la délégation permanente de la CRPS7 pour en valider les orientations et s’assurer de l’adhésion des membres, à la fois pour ne pas risquer de réitérer l’expérience malheureuse de 2004 mais surtout pour interroger la commission sur le bien-fondé à distinguer ces ensembles de logements d'après-guerre, constructions parmi les plus décriées du XXe siècle.

La méthodologie proposée a conduit à la labellisation d’une première série d’immeubles, quarante ensembles de logements en 2010 (fig. 2, 3), puis d’une seconde série de soixante-quinze lieux de culte en 2011 (fig. 4, 5). Les critères peuvent être adaptés ou précisés selon le thème retenu : pour les édifices religieux, la qualité et l’originalité du décor furent ajoutés et la valeur d’usage exclue.La méthode choisie a été vertueuse : elle a permis de labelliser un grand nombre d’édifices, d’associer largement les services patrimoniaux de l’État et des collectivités, de créer des synergies avec l’université et les chercheurs, de valoriser l’action de l’État par des présentations en CRPS, des publications, des journées d’études, des expositions, actions relayées par la presse généraliste et spécialisée8 (fig. 6 et 7). Un partenariat pérenne s’est développé avec l’éditeur Beaux-Arts pour la publication de chaque campagne de labellisation, avec diffusion en kiosque au plus près du public concerné pour un prix inférieur à 15 €. Elle a également permis d’impliquer les acteurs de terrain, répondant ainsi à l’objectif visé de sensibilisation du public à cette architecture mal aimée Depuis 2016, la Drac Île-de-France a conduit trois nouvelles campagnes, toutes thématiques, fondées sur des partis méthodologiques diversifiés, adaptés aux sujets d’étude.

- Note méthodologique « Étude du patrimoine du XXe siècle de la métropole du Grand Paris », La manu (...) - La loi relative à la liberté de la création, à l’architecture et au patrimoine (LCAP) promulguée (...) Une campagne vise à identifier les édifices et ensembles contribuant à structurer le territoire de la récente métropole du Grand Paris. L’établissement d’une critériologie et la sélection ont été confiés à un bureau d’études, la Manufacture du patrimoine, associé à un groupe de travail conduit par la Drac. Des critères dits généraux, divisés en critères primaires et complémentaires, ont été retenus. Pour la thématique étudiée, se sont ajoutés sept critères spécifiques répondant aux enjeux de « l’émergence et du rayonnement de la métropole »10. Les grands travaux présidentiels ont été concernés dans un premier temps, aboutissant à la labellisation de dix édifices en novembre 2016, avant une présentation plus large d’édifices emblématiques, retenus pour l’obtention d’un label « Architecture contemporaine remarquable »11 en juin 2018.

- Introduite par la loi relative à la liberté de la création, à l’architecture et au patrimoine (LC (...) De façon innovante, la Drac a conclu un partenariat avec l’école nationale supérieure d’architecture (ENSA) Paris-Belleville avec laquelle elle s’est associée dès l’élaboration du premier label (colloque, exposition, travaux avec l’IPRAUS). Le thème choisi, inscrit dans la droite ligne du précédent, s’attache à l’étude des villes nouvelles. Par son caractère récent et spécifique dans l’histoire de la planification urbaine, cet objet d’étude implique une nouvelle approche, menée dans le cadre d’une convention triennale de chaire partenariale avec l’ENSA Paris-Belleville. La méthodologie s’appuie sur la grille d’analyse habituellement employée par la Drac, enrichie pour inclure davantage l’espace public. Des édifices de la ville d’Évry (Essonne), qui manifesta en 2016 son souhait de voir son patrimoine labellisé, ont été présentés en novembre 2018 aux membres de la commission régionale de l’architecture et du patrimoine (CRPA)12 en vue d’une labellisation.- Valérie Gaudard remercie vivement Mmes Agnès Chauvin, cheffe du bureau de la protection, et Maria (...)Enfin, le champ de l’architecture scolaire est abordé dès 2010. Au vu de l’immensité du corpus, la Drac a choisi en 2016 de s’attacher dans un premier temps aux lycées, en lien avec le service de l’Inventaire de la région Île-de-France Le label en Languedoc-Roussillon : une succession d’opportunités V- La Poste Art Nouveau de Tuchan, l’hôtel du Belvédère à Cerbère. - Certains construits vers 1900 relèvent davantage d’une esthétique encore XIXe comme la villa Las (...) - Le 3 octobre 2001, une CRPS dédiée a examiné onze propositions de protection, dont deux seulement (...)

Dans ce territoire riche en monuments anciens, l’attention pour l’architecture du XXe siècle s’observe dès les années 1980 avec la décentralisation. La commission régionale du patrimoine historique archéologique et ethnologique (Corephae) du 15 décembre 1986 a examiné les premiers dossiers14. Parmi des édifices de la première moitié du siècle, bénéficiant du recul et bien documentés, plus faciles à appréhender15, on peut citer les cliniques Saint-Charles à Montpellier, exemple d’architecture des années 1930, ornées des sculptures monumentales de Joachim Costa et des verrières d’Émile Brière, sauvées in extremis de la démolition. En l’an 2000, une campagne de protection thématique est lancée16, distinguant des bâtiments majeurs de l’entre-deux-guerres, comme le théâtre municipal de Carcassonne, le Palais des Arts et du Travail de Narbonne, le lycée technique Dhuoda à Nîmes, l’église Sainte-Thérèse à Montpellier mais également le centre d’apprentissage pour garçons, actuel lycée Mermoz à Béziers, œuvre de Pierre Jeanneret, à laquelle ont collaborés Jean Prouvé et Charlotte Perriand.

- Monument inscrit MH en 2009 Toujours à Odeillo, un petit collectif de maisons solaires, initiativ (...) Plus récemment ont été inscrits au titre des monuments historiques, le centre de vol à voile de la Montagne Noire, à Labécède-Lauragais, haut lieu de formation des pilotes entre 1932 et 1980 ou des installations solaires en Cerdagne, liées à la personnalité de Félix Trombe dont les recherches aboutissent à la construction entre 1962 et 1968 par le CNRS du four solaire d’Odeillo à Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via Pourtant, cette architecture du XXe siècle, représentant un nombre de réalisations jamais atteint, restait mal appréciée, mal aimé.

www.style-geo.com/model-sherri-hill-spring-2013-prom-dres...

[Una versión más legible se encontrará en la entrada correspondiente del blog, cuyo enlace se señala a continuación]

 

enriqueviolanevado.blogspot.com/2020/04/ejercicio-practic...

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1. Presencia en las pruebas de selectividad.

 

Este mapa ha aparecido como propuesta en los modelos de exámenes de 2002 y en el de 2008. En el segundo de estos años fue escogida como el examen de la convocatoria de septiembre.

 

2. En el mapa siguiente se representa la distribución de las áreas de regadío. Con esta información conteste a las preguntas siguientes:

 

a) Diga del 1 al 7 el nombre de las Comunidades Autónomas señaladas, afectadas por el máximo regadío (Hasta 1 punto).

 

b) Deduzca de la información del mapa las posibles causas que explican la localización de la agricultura de regadío en la Península Ibérica (Hasta 1,5 puntos).

 

c) Enumere los cultivos predominantes en las tierras de regadío de España (Hasta 1,5 puntos).

 

____________________________________________________

 

Mapa de la distribución de las áreas de regadío

 

1. En el mapa siguiente se representa la distribución de las áreas de regadío. Con esta información conteste a las preguntas siguientes:

 

a) Diga del 1 al 7 el nombre de las Comunidades Autónomas señaladas, afectadas por el máximo regadío.

 

1 Aragón

2 Comunidad Valenciana

3 Castilla y León

4 Extremadura

5 Castilla-La Mancha

6 Murcia

7 Andalucía

 

b) Deduzca de la información del mapa las posibles causas que explican la localización de la agricultura de regadío en la Península Ibérica.

 

La técnica del regadío consiste en el aporte a los cultivos de agua adicional a la proporcionada por las precipitaciones, procedentes de las aguas superficiales o subterráneas. Resulta escaso en el norte peninsular húmedo, y tiene su mayor peso en las áreas de clima mediterráneo, en las que precipitaciones resultan escasas e irregulares. El agua de regadío suele proceder de los embalses y canales de ríos grandes (Ebro, Guadiana…) y medianos (Segura y Turia). Por ello las áreas de regadío se concentran en las cuencas fluviales, destacando los valles del Ebro, del Duero y del Guadalquivir. También se abastecen del agua de acuíferos subterráneos situados a gran profundidad, trasvases, depuración urbana y desalinizadoras. El regadío es una técnica agrícola que ha duplicado su superficie a lo largo del siglo XX.

 

En el litoral mediterráneo predomina el regadío intensivo, que se beneficia de las temperaturas suaves, la protección del relieve, la existencia de suelos apropiados y de la demanda internacional.

 

En el interior peninsular predomina el regadío extensivo, que se beneficia del agua aportada por los grandes ríos peninsulares, de la mecanización total que permiten sus cultivos y de la creciente demanda de cereales para piensos y de ciertos cultivos industriales. No obstante, existen también importantes áreas de regadío intensivo a orillas de los ríos Ebro y Guadalquivir.

 

c) Enumere los cultivos predominantes en las tierras de regadío de España.

 

En los regadíos del litoral mediterráneo y en los que se sitúan en la proximidad de los centros urbanos se cultivan hortalizas como el espárrago, el tomate o la patata.

 

Los frutales se localizan en las áreas litorales y en los valles fluviales del interior peninsular. Hay que distinguir entre cítricos (Comunidad Valenciana y Andalucía); frutales de hueso (litoral mediterráneo); frutales con pepita (Asturias y Cataluña) y el plátano (Canarias).

 

Los cultivos industriales de regadío son la remolacha (cultivada en el valle del Duero), el lúpulo (León), el tabaco (Cáceres) y el algodón (Andalucía).

 

Los cultivos herbáceos (alfalfa, maíz forrajero, veza, yero) son propios de los regadíos extensivos de Andalucía, Aragón, Navarra y ambas Castillas. Una incorporación reciente es la quinoa.

 

Señalar que cada vez más aumenta la superficie de regadío de especies tradicionalmente considerados de secano como el trigo y el olivo, pues con esta técnica su rendimiento resulta muy superior.

 

Las hortalizas se destinan al consumo en fresco o a la industria conservera. Los cultivos industriales se destinan a la transformación en fábricas y los herbáceos en principio se destinaban para la alimentación animal en fresco o en seco, pero la producción para consumo humano resulta cada vez más relevante.

 

嘜可奈因 麥可奈因 www.smmgl.com/mm5/2751.html

五步倒透皮迷藥 www.smmgl.com/mm5/2745.html

動情素催情水 www.smmgl.com/mm5/2752.html

精品迷藥噴霧(暈倒型) www.smmgl.com/mm5/321.html

 

RUBE GOLDBERG

 

Reuben Garret L. Goldberg (July 4, 1883 - December 7, 1970) was an American cartoonist. The Reuben Award of the National Cartoonists Society is named after Rube Goldberg, who earned lasting fame for his Rube Goldberg machines, complex devices that perform simple tasks in indirect, convoluted ways. In 1948 he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his political cartooning.

 

Goldberg graduated from Lowell High School in San Francisco in 1900 and earned a degree in engineering from the University of California, Berkeley in 1904. Goldberg was hired by the city of San Francisco as an engineer, however, his fondness for drawing cartoons prevailed, and after just a few months, he quit the city job for a job with the San Francisco Chronicle as a sports cartoonist. The following year, he took a job with the San Francisco Bulletin, where he remained until he moved to New York City in 1907.

 

He drew cartoons for several newspapers, including the New York Evening Journal and the New York Evening Mail. His work entered syndication in 1915, beginning his nationwide popularity. A prolific artist, Goldberg produced several cartoon series simultaneously; titles included Mike and Ike, Boob McNutt, Foolish Questions, Lala Palooza and The Weekly Meeting of the Tuesday Women's Club.

 

Professor Butts

 

While these series were quite popular, the one leading to his lasting fame involved a character named Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts. In this series, Goldberg drew labeled schematics of the comical "inventions" which would later bear his name. In 1995, "Rube Goldberg's Inventions," depicting Professor Butts' "Self-Operating Napkin," was one of 20 strips included in the Comic Strip Classics series of commemorative U.S. postage stamps. The "Self-Operating Napkin" is activated when the soup spoon (A) is raised to mouth, pulling string (B) and thereby jerking ladle (C) which throws cracker (D) past parrot (E). Parrot jumps after cracker and perch (F) tilts, upsetting seeds (G) into pail (H). Extra weight in pail pulls cord (I), which opens and lights automatic cigar lighter (J), setting off skyrocket (K) which causes sickle (L) to cut string (M) and allow pendulum with attached napkin to swing back and forth, thereby wiping chin. After-dinner entertainment can be supplied with the simple substitution of a harmonica for the napkin.

 

Rube Goldberg

 

Later in his career, Goldberg was employed by the New York Journal American and remained there until his retirement in 1964. During his retirement, he occupied himself by making bronze sculptures. His work appeared in several one-man shows, the last one during his lifetime being in 1970 at the National Museum of American History (then called the Museum of History and Technology) in Washington, D.C.. Goldberg died at the age of 87; he is buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York.

 

In addition to his 1948 Pulitzer Prize, he received the National Cartoonists Society Gold T-Square Award in 1955, their 1969 Reuben Award and their Gold Key Award (posthumously in 1980).

 

Rube Goldberg machine

 

A Rube Goldberg machine is a complex apparatus that performs a simple, easy task in an indirect and convoluted way. The best examples of his machines have an anticipation factor, as the machine makes slow but steady progress toward its goal.

The term also applies as a classification for a generally over-complicated apparatus or software. The corresponding term in the United Kingdom is "Heath Robinson" (machine or contraption), after the British cartoonist with a similar focus on odd machinery. The term "Rube Goldberg machine" first appeared in Webster's Third New International Dictionary with the definition "accomplishing by extremely complex roundabout means what actually or seemingly could be done simply."

 

Rube Goldberg's inventions are a unique commentary on life's complexities. They provide a humorous diversion into the absurd that lampoons the wonders of technology. These satires of man's ingenuity resonate in modern life for those seeking simplicity in the midst of a technology revolution. Goldberg's machines can also be seen as a physical representation of the pataphysical, carrying a simple idea to a nonsensical, ornamented extreme.

 

RUBE GOLDBERG

Born: 1883 : : : Died: 1970

Job Description: Cartoonist and sculptor

Worked in: Newspaper comics

Noted for: Boob McNutt, editorial cartoons, and incredibly complicated inventions

Comics have given many now-familiar words and phrases to the English language — "Dagwood sandwich" from Blondie, "goon" and "jeep" from Popeye, "yellow journalism" … from The Yellow Kid, to cite but a few. But only one cartoonist has enriched our linguistic heritage by the donation of his own name. Even people who have never seen the work of Rube Goldberg know what a "Rube Goldberg device" is. Nor is that the only phrase that contains his name. Not as many people know about The National Cartoonists' Society's Reuben Award. But of those who do, a great majority know who it was named after, and who designed the zany-looking statuette — the NCS's first president, Reuben Lucius Goldberg.

Goldberg was born on the Fourth of July, in 1883. He showed an early interest in cartooning, but like many later-famous artists, was discouraged by his parents, who preferred he prepare for a more practical way of making a living. They figured he could use his drawing ability in a lucrative career in engineering, and to that end, got him enrolled in the University of California's College of Mining. He graduated in 1904 as a full-fledged mining engineer.

 

Like Gelett Burgess before him, Goldberg did very little with his engineering degree before moving on to his true career. After six months of boredom, he took a job in the art department of The San Francisco Chronicle. At first he mostly tidied the place up (and allegedly, while emptying wastebaskets, figured out what had happened to his own earlier cartoon submissions), but soon became one of the Chronicle's sports cartoonists. He moved to The San Francisco Bulletin in 1905, replacing Thomas A. "Tad" Dorgan (Silk Hat Harry), who had gone to New York to make his fortune. Goldberg followed Dorgan in '07, when he moved to The New York Evening Mail. It was there that he started on the road to fame with his regular feature, Foolish Questions, in which he would suggest silly answers to such annoyingly obvious queries as "Windy, isn't it?" and (said by a hotel clerk) "Do you want a room, sir?" This Goldberg original was echoed decades later in Mad magazine's regular feature, "Snappy Answers to Stupid Questions", by Al Jaffee.

 

It was in 1914 that Goldberg created the series that brought him lasting fame — a series that was inspired by his academic studies. Recalling the so-called "Barodik", an incredibly complex contraption for determining the mass of our planet, cooked up by Goldberg's analytical mechanics instructor, Professor Frederick Slate, Goldberg drew a convoluted and highly improbable "Automatic Weight-Reducing Machine" for the Evening Mail.

 

Many syndicated features followed, some of which, including Boob McNutt, Lala Palooza and Mike & Ike (They Look Alike), became reasonably well known in their own right — but he continued to create his unlikely engineering stunts for the duration of his cartooning career. They became such a part of American culture, that in 1995, in company with Little Nemo in Slumberland, Barney Google, Li'l Abner and several other immortal newspaper comics, they were commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.

 

Goldberg became an editorial cartoonist in 1938, when The New York Sun hired him to fill that position (which, by the way, had been vacant at the Sun since 1920). His political cartoons were distributed nation-wide by The Bell Syndicate (Mutt & Jeff, Sad Sack). The one he drew for the July 22, 1947 edition, about the world on the brink of nuclear destruction (back when that was a new topic), won a Pulitzer Prize in '48.

 

By the time he was 80 years old, Goldberg grew tired of cartooning. Instead of retiring, however, he embarked on a new career as a sculptor — and, typically, excelled at it. In fact, it was for his humorous sculpture that, in 1967, he finally won the award named after him.

 

Rube Goldberg died in 1970, revered by his peers in the cartooning community for his lifetime of extraordinary achievement.

 

www.flickr.com/photos/deconstructing-roy-lichtenstein/395...

 

www.tnr.com/blog/spine?pid=49858

 

davidbarsalou.homestead.com/LICHTENSTEINPROJECT.html

 

www.flickr.com/photos/deconstructing-roy-lichtenstein/

 

www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2006/10/18/lich...

 

mass.live.advance.net/printer/printer.ssf?/base/news-6/11...

 

web.archive.org/web/20030310054018/www.newmassmedia.com/a...

 

DECONSTRUCTING ROY LICHTENSTEIN © 2000 David Barsalou

    

dl.dropbox.com/u/1294462/senoritaredsocial.html

 

Paloma Baytelman: La señorita Red Social

 

Fue una de las primeras blogueras nacionales. Es una de las diez tuiteras más influyentes. Se autodenominó una red social. Es una celebridad nacida, criada y existente sólo en el mundo 2.0. ¿Quién es Paloma Baytelman, y cómo hizo todo esto?

Por Isabel Plant, fotos Sergio López

 

Lo de Soledad Onetto se entiende. Primero, porque es rubia, muy rubia, en este país de pasiones blondas. Y segundo, es -era- de la tele y del Festival de Viña; una de las personas más reconocibles de Chile. Por eso se entiende que entre los tuiteros con más seguidores en Chile esté ella siempre bien puntera, y que en el ránking de influyentes publicado hace unos meses por El Mercurio, hecho por PeerIndex, la ex conductora de Teletrece sea la primera.

 

Bajo Onetto había una decena de hombres. Pero, en la posición diez, venía una mujer que para los habitantes del mundo digital es nombre conocido, pero para los análogos es desconocida: @paloma. En el ránking no era sólo la única mujer en el top 10 junto a Onetto. Estaba un lugar más arriba que Consuelo Saavedra.

 

Paloma no sale en la televisión abierta, ni escribe en un medio masivo, ni nada por el estilo. Es una famosa de Twitter y de blogs, hecha y derecha. Quizás la más, en esta larga y angosta faja de tierra y la nube digital que la envuelve.

¿Quién es Paloma? ¿Y cómo llegó a ser una celebridad digital?

 

PALOMA. A SECAS.

 

No es que Paloma sea sólo Paloma, como Cher o Madonna. Paloma es Paloma Baytelman, 34 años, periodista, divorciada. Hoy trabaja en Corfo, haciéndose cargo del área web y medios digitales. Antes, trabajó editando un sitio web médico y, entre medio, en el área de innovación de la Biblioteca del Congreso.

 

Antes de eso estudió Derecho, pero no le gustó. Y antes de eso fue a dos colegios, y antes de eso nació en una familia de padres arquitectos: Gaad Baytelman, quien hoy se dedica a efectos especiales y de cámara para cine y televisión, y Myriam Pilowsky, quien se ha desempeñado en su carrera y en la administración pública. Paloma es la mayor de cinco hermanos. Y, cuenta mientras revuelve una ensalada sentada en un café del barrio Lastarria, a unas cuadras de donde vive, no era la más tecnológica de la casa.

 

-Mi hermano Felipe es como genio de temas de computación, tiene una empresa llamada Baytex. Siempre hubo computador en mi casa, pero yo era como inepta en el tema. Como mi hermano estaba en el computador todo el día, yo era buena para trasnochar y hacía las tareas de la universidad de noche. Tenía que ir donde Felipe y decirle, “Despierta, ¿cómo se pone negrita?” -dice riendo.

 

Lo de la tecnología partió en realidad como un amor por internet, cuando entró a estudiar periodismo en la Universidad Diego Portales en 1996, cuando el periodismo se olvidaba finalmente de la máquina de escribir para comenzar una relación estable con lo digital. Nacían los primeros mails, Paloma se hizo uno altiro (hotmail, obvio), y pasaba horas navegando. Empezó a escribir: siempre le había gustado contar historias, y con esto del mail comenzó a mandarles entregas de lo que le pasaba en el día a sus amigos.

 

Eso hizo por años. Hasta que pasado el nuevo milenio, su hermano cursaba una beca en Tokio y le mandó el link de un sitio web propio. Fue así como Paloma conoció lo que era un blog. Y abrió “Con los ojos en la calle”, convirtiéndose en una de las primeras blogueras nacionales. Hablaba de su barrio, de la micro, de las actividades culturales a las que iba.

 

En ese entonces trabajaba en el sitio web médico, haciendo entrevistas y reportajes y aprendiendo del mundo virtual, así que el blog le servía para “soltar la mano”, dice. Se propuso escribir una vez a la semana, lo que cumplió por los siguientes cinco años. Y, más importante aún, cambió el dominio de su blog a Paloma.cl. Comenzó el camino a convertirse en marca registrada.

 

-Muy tempranamente me contacté con Roberto Arancibia, que es como el padre de los blogueros chilenos. Él me transmitió algo que usaba a destajo, lo que a alguna gente le cae súper mal: para ser un verdadero bloguero es súper importante formar redes y para eso hay que contar lo que uno hace y no tener miedo a la autopromoción.

 

LA RED SOCIAL

 

Paloma fue adquiriendo notoriedad en el mundo web. Era porque estaba en todas, y había llegado primero. Estudió cada tecnología 2.0 que salía: aparecían los podcast y probaba grabar uno. Aparecía Flickr y compartía fotos con gente de todo el mundo. Aprendió de Wikipedia. De Facebook. Conoció los streaming en su primera versión. Comenzó a hacer pequeños videos que subía a su blog y los llamó “Paloma TV”, su propio canal web.

 

Los videos de Paloma TV son variados en temática y profesionalismo: ella en su peluquería de barrio, ella con amigos comiendo en la Fuente Alemana, ella yendo a votar a las elecciones presidenciales, ella preguntándole a su papá por qué le puso Paloma. O, a medida que ha agarrado nombre y expertise, ella entrevistando al creador de Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales, o otros gurús del mundo web como Clay Shirky o Howard Rheingold. A todos les da la bienvenida: “Welcome to my show”.

 

Y, por supuesto, en abril de 2007, se metió a Twitter, red social que no explotaba aún en popularidad, consiguiendo el nombre @paloma. En la pequeña biografía que acompaña su cuenta puso algo así como que era periodista, que le encantaba mirar las cosas que pasaban en la calle. Y puso: “Soy una red social”. Esa autoproclamación no cayó bien en el mundo 2.0, un terreno que también es fértil para el bullying virtual.

- Como no todos comparten mi sentido del humor, alguna gente era agresiva. Dije bueno ya, lo voy a sacar. Después de un tiempo caché que era como una marca registrada, y lo puse de nuevo. Después mi cuenta creció exponencialmente, y ahí vino mucha gente muy pesada. Al final ¿sabes qué?, para evitarme contar el cuento y decir que es broma, lo saqué.

 

Su cuenta de Twitter creció rápidamente porque el sitio web de tecnología Alt1040 hizo una lista de los 100 twitteros para seguir en español, y la puso en el número 10 de la nómina. Se llenó de seguidores. Tiene 58 mil 600 aproximadamente.

 

Hoy Paloma ha hecho consultorías y charlas sobre el mundo digital y redes sociales, va a los eventos web que se hagan en Chile y en el extranjero, y cuenta que apenas aparece un nuevo programa, sitio web, lo que sea, inmediatamente se pone en contacto con los creadores. Su blog, y su twitter, fueron mutando entonces de comentarios cotidianos a información sobre tecnología.

 

Paloma dice que es un poco “pulga en la oreja”; va y le escribe a los de Twitter que algo en el sitio no funciona, o que puede funcionar mejor de otra manera. Va a eventos web y arrasa con todos a su paso hasta llegar al invitado top.

 

Y aunque a muchos les choque que salga corriendo tras la gente que admira, y que se considere un medio de comunicación tan relevante como cualquier otro, es así como Paloma Baytelman logra lo que quiere: ha estado en Google, se ha reunido en MIT con los profesores del Media Lab, ha gestionado todo. Paloma es la personificación de lo que los gringos llaman “Networking”: si le interesa conocer a alguien, va y lo hace, y después guarda el contacto, y se presenta y después va y le presenta ese contacto a otra persona.

 

-Más que Red Social, si lo dices concretamente, soy como un nodo dentro de una red. Conozco y conecto y me encanta conectar a gente que sé puede hacer cosas bacanes juntas.

 

INFLUYENTEMENTE HABLANDO

 

-¿No te da vértigo twittear cuando tienes tantos seguidores?

 

-Tengo como pesadillas de que twitteo algo muy personal -dice riéndose- o la típica pesadilla del twittero de que mandaste algo subido de tono o un mensaje personal a un amigo, y que te equivocaste de botón y se lo mandaste a todo el mundo.

 

Aunque aparece en listados y ránkings, aunque le pasen cosas como que el gobierno de Estados Unidos la seleccione junto a otros treinta periodistas del mundo para ir a Washington a conversar de Nuevos Medios a la Casa Blanca, Paloma dice que no es influyente.

 

-No creo en las listas. Creo que hay gente con menos seguidores que logra más movimiento de comunidad, mis lectores son más pasivos. Influyente para mí es alguien que sabe mucho de contingencia política y logra mover votos, o una eminencia en temas de salud o sabe mucho de literatura. Yo comunico mi día a día, cosas súper cotidianas, a lo más un par de personas van a un restaurante que recomendé o me contestan cosas como cómo picar zapallo o si hay mucho taco.

 

Lo que sí es Paloma, es ser una estudiosa del mundo 2.0. Eso hace que sepa usar Twitter como herramienta, como plataforma de lanzamiento de sí misma, en vez de como la usan la mayoría de los mortales: para pasar el rato. Paloma sabía antes de meterse a Twitter que no bastaba con poner “estoy lavándome los dientes”, sino que darle valor agregado.

 

Pero su enorme cantidad de seguidores y su presencia web no deja de sorprender, porque Paloma no comparte nada del otro mundo; cuando no twittea links sobre el mundo 2.0, comenta cosas como tantos otros:

 

Twittea: “Sí, me encanta los postres” (con una foto de un postre que estaba comiendo).

 

Twittea: “Cuando cumplí 7años mi papá me regaló un estetoscopio y mis abuelos me regalaron un piano…no soy músico ni médico #reflexionestrasnochadas”.

 

Twittea: “Esta mañana pensé que @cuevana había muerto y que tendría que hacer una vida normal, como el resto de los mortales… pero REVIVIÓ!”.

 

Es una estrella web curiosa: no es de genialidades, ni ironías brillantes, sino que lo suyo es un manejo calculado de todas las bondades que ofrece internet. Paloma es Paloma porque llegó de las primeras a todo. Está en todas partes, en todas las plataformas, y las sabe usar bien.

 

-Si la segunda mitad del siglo XX se hablaba de que Estados Unidos era la tierra de las oportunidades, creo en realidad que ésta es la tierra de las oportunidades. Cualquier persona que tiene acceso a conectarse un rato a internet, puede comentar lo que está pasando, lo que le interesa, puede exigir como consumidor, ciudadano. Y puede proponer. Los que proponen, que se paran acá en un espíritu alegre y participativo, para los que tienen ganas de realmente generar cosas, es la tierra de las oportunidades.

Paloma aprovecha hoy la suya.

 

Por Isabel Plant, fotos Sergio López.

Olena Chekan during the interview with lieutenant-general Wolf-Dieter Löser

 

XI International Week of NATO

www.nato.int/nidc/news/2011/u100211a.html

 

From the 7th to the 11th of February 2011, the NATO National International Week took place at the Ukrainian National Defense University. The event, which was already in the eleventh, discussed such topics as NATO's new Strategic Concept, NATO in the framework of international organizations, NATO's ongoing operations, international security challenges, NATO's transformation, and the Alliance's relations with Ukraine and Russia.

 

The organizers of the event were the delegation from the NATO Defense College, as well as representatives of the NATO Headquarters, the heads of the NATO Information and Documentation Center and the NATO Liaison Office and Ukrainian experts.

 

NATO Information Center, for its part, provided interviews with the Chief of the Defense College of NATO, Lieutenant General Wolf-Dieter Löser and the newly-appointed dean of this educational institution, Dr. Richard D. Hooker, Jr.

 

Wolf-Dieter Löser, Chief of the NATO Defense College, gives interview to Olena Chekan, journalist of the Ukrainian Week.

Dean of the NATO Defense College Institute for National Strategic Studies Dr. Richard D. Hooker, Jr., during an interview with the "Security Factor".

 

NATO: Declaration of openness

February 24, 2011

tyzhden.ua/Politics/17332

Author: © Olena Chekan

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olena_Chekan

Photo: © Andrey Lomakin

andlomakin.com

Translated: © Anna Korbut

www.facebook.com/anna.korbut.94

 

Lieutenant-General Wolf-Dieter Löser, Commandant of the Rome-based NATO Defense College, talks about the new strategic concept of the Alliance, the Afghan syndrome and Ukrainian troops.

 

Before the visit of Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Secretary General of NATO, to Ukraine to determine the areas of cooperation at the new stage of relations between the Alliance and Kyiv, NATO General shared his ideas with the Ukrainian Week.

 

THREATS AND CHALLENGES

OC | UW: When do you expect any specific tangible changes in NATO’s operation under the framework of the new strategy?

 

– In November, a new strategic concept was adopted in Lisbon where the heads of NATO states governments asked their foreign affairs and defense ministers to develop specific measures to implement this concept. In April and June, defense ministers will meet again to discuss the aspects of partnership. At these meetings, they are expected to come up with more concrete ideas the notions and the concepts of global partnership. The reform of NATO structure was discussed and only partly decided on in Lisbon, too. This means downsizing the amount of NATO headquarters and people. In the course of the year, the geography of NATO locations has to be decided.

 

OC | UW.: Has NATO changed its policy in Afghanistan because it found itself in a dead end in the first place, like USSR and the United Kingdom once did?

 

– I always hesitate to compare the experience of the British and the Soviets in Afghanistan with what we are doing there. We have totally different missions. We went in there – you know the reasons – to extinguish terrorism and to help the Afghan people to establish the government and create the society that they have not seen for 23 years. We are not fighting a war against Afghans. The problem of course is, the longer you are in the country the more some people, the population, might have the impression that you become an occupation army. And you have to show people when you are there for a longer time that their personal life is getting better. This combination was not always achieved in the last few years, and that was a problem.

 

That’s why NATO and the international community made a decision to change the strategy in Afghanistan and to invest more in training the Afghan security forces so that they can as early as possible take over the responsibility for the security of their own people. Moreover, our task is to encourage the Afghan government to build up their country: fight corruption, take more efforts in development of their country, have better coordination with international organizations, and spend money more wisely.

 

Also, our problem relates to the special nature of the situation in Afghan. We would fight the Taliban in some villages, push the Taliban away but then we didn’t have enough troops to stay, so we had to move to another village. The Taliban came back and punished people in the village because they cooperated with NATO. And so, we lost the support of those people, they were afraid to be on our side. So, we need to progress in pushing the Taliban back and still preserve the support of people. We brought more trainers to train Afghan security forces. We are confident that by 2014 we will be able to hand over our responsibility for security to the Afghan security forces.

 

OC | UW.: Will this not result in a situation similar to what happened when soviet troops left the country? Afghan army and police were acting back then, too, but Talibs won the civil war.

 

– Of course, I hope that this will not happen again because Afghan security forces have now 400,000 people and they will be able to control the security of the country. But, of course, the security side is only one side. It’s very important that Afghan government has the support of people and they see that the economic situation is improving. That’s why NATO said that, even though we will hand over the security in 2014 to the Afghans, we will not leave the people and the government alone. International community has to help them further. But, of course, this is not all reduced to Afghanistan as a country. This relates to the neighbors and the overall situation in the region, especially Pakistan. It’s important that the Pakistani government is able to control security situation inside Pakistan and make sure that the Taliban is not coming to Pakistan.

 

OC | UW.: What are potential threats of the revolutionary splurge in the Arabic world for NATO member-states?

 

– We have very good contacts with Egypt, Jordan, which are all NATO partner states. Of course, all people are very much concerned about it. But the situation in each country is different. I would hesitate to say that this domino effect will automatically spread to all countries of the region. But it’s clear that in each country the future is unclear if the government is overthrown in because there always are opposing forces inside the countries and you never know how the situation develops. Instabilities can grow into failed states. Such countries always become the hub for developing terrorism, organized crime, instability in the region. This is what we fear.

 

OC | UW: Iranian (and maybe Russian) missiles target most European NATO member states. Lisbon decided to transform American ABM into the NATO one. How is this progressing?

 

– There are talks and at the meeting in Lisbon an offer was made both to the Russians, and other countries, to work together to provide a system of missile defense for the protection of European countries. Of course, Ukraine is not excluded. But these talks have just started and we have to see in the course of the year what the progress is.

 

NATO, UKRAINE AND THE WORLD

OC | UW.: How have NATO-Ukraine relations changed after President Yanukovych announced about Ukraine’s non-aligned status?

 

– President Yanukovych and the Government have made the decision not to go on in seeking NATO membership, but at the same time they decided to continue cooperation with NATO. These are very specific projects. For instance, the cooperation between Ukrainian National Defense University and NATO Defense College doesn’t see any changes after this decision. My personal impression is that it’s even easier to talk openly about this cooperation because there is no fear on the Ukrainian side against the Russians. Now I would say the lake is very calm. Your Government decided to have good relations with Russia and NATO, and NATO decided to develop good relations with Russia and to continue and increase cooperation with Ukraine. This is my third visit to Ukraine under the framework of NATO International Week at Ukrainian National Defense University, and I see no changes in the practical cooperation between the University and NATO Defense College after these decisions. For instance, last week we had the graduation of our senior course in the College in Rome. I had a Ukrainian colonel as the course member. The next course starts next week and I’ll have a Ukrainian colonel there, too. I have a Ukrainian research fellow at the College. So, I don’t see any difference compared to the previous years.

 

OC | UW.: Many Ukrainians are still under the influence of soviet stereotypes. Moreover, NATO opponents supported by Russia can often reach out to many people with their opinion. Is NATO planning to work with Ukrainian organizations to communicate the truth about its activities with their help?

 

– NATO has its Information Center that deals with this. Last year we held joint video and teleconferences with various Ukrainian organizations and institutions. The 11th NATO International Week currently hosted by Ukrainian National Defense University, too, is not limited to military people only. 11 different institutions have joined it. We are trying to involve all social groups of the Ukrainian society, including diplomats and academics.

 

OC | UW.: It’s clear that NATO decided to cooperate with Russia (Iran, Afghanistan). What could be the limit of this cooperation? Which Russia’s moves would be completely unacceptable for NATO and which sanctions could any of them lead to?

 

– When we are talking about initiating cooperation we should not start at cooperation by telling them this is the red line. What we rather should do is water the little plant that was created after Georgia and Lisbon, and look for opportunities where we could work together, and not say immediately, no, I will never do this.

 

OC | UW.: Probably Georgia, too, could not imagine it would lose 20% of its territory until the war with Russia. And we are really concerned about the revival of this new Russian Empire. Is it possible to transform the fifth article of the Washington Treaty given the fact that Ukraine participates in the NATO Response Force? Or should we only rely on the 1997 Ukraine-NATO Charter which provides for “emergency consultations” between Ukraine and NATO in case Ukraine faces any threats?

 

– The aim of all this global partnership is to involve all countries to work together and improve the relations so that the tension that still might stay there is reduced as much as possible. See, for instance, the development of Europe. Many countries you would never think of as partners or even friends have now come into the EU. So, the tension is fading away. Take a look into the past - thousands of people were killed and conflicts were normally solved by military means, but now they are all under one umbrella, they have joined one big family. Even in the family there are tensions, we know that. But the nature of the tensions is different.

 

OC | UW.: Do you think Ukrainians officers are qualified enough to head NATO missions?

 

– Of course, like in every field, this is a matter of personality, how qualified the individual is and what experience and skills he or she has. This is a matter of an individual, not a country. Ukrainian officers have some language barriers and then, of course, NATO system of leadership and working in organizations and with staffs is still very different from the Ukrainian system. And mentality is not a problem, but it takes time to level out all differences.

 

OC | UW: What was the most unexpected or interesting question you got from Ukrainian audience?

 

– I was always asked about Afghanistan, missile defense, and this morning I had a question I couldn’t answer – how different religions co-exist in Western countries. This was quite unexpected since we have no problems like that.

 

OC | UW.: Your hobbies include politics and modern history, classical music, winter sports, endurance training and tennis. Who is your favorite composer? Have you ever used your endurance training in life?

 

– I have several favorite composers. When I went to the gymnasium I fell in love with Beethoven, Bach, Mendelssohn, Bartholdi…Luckily, I never had to rescue my family. It’s my wife who rescues me every day. But I did all ranger training as an infantry and commanded Alpine troops. We sometimes faced critical situations there. I even lost troops in Afghanistan.

 

Inserts:

 

2011 NATO Military Cooperation Plan

 

The Ministry of Defense of Ukraine filed Draft NATO Military Cooperation Plan for 2011 to the President of Ukraine. The Plan provides for 21 trainings, 12 in Ukraine and 9 abroad.

 

BIO

 

Wolf-Dieter Löser

 

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf-Dieter_Löser

 

Bundeswehr Lieutenant-General, Commander of NATO Defense College, Rome

1949 – was born in Wahrenholz, Lower Saxony

1968 – entered service at Bundeswehr

1990-1994 – Head of Apparatus of the Chief of Staff, Bundeswehr. Later studied in Washington DC based National Defense University; graduated with a Master’s Degree in National Security Strategy

2004 – Deputy Commander, Eurocorps in Brussels

Aug. 2004-Feb. 2005 – commanded the operations of the 4th Task Force of International Security Assistance Forces in Afghanistan

2005 – Head of Bundeswehr Command and Staff College

2008 – Commander of NATO Defense College in Rome.

Married, two children.

 

JOINT NATO TRAININGS IN 2010

Abroad:

Bilateral

Golden Mask 2010, Ukraine-Germany training, April 12-22, 2010 in Germany; Ukraine-Romania training in Romania, June 13-26, 2010.

Multilateral

Barrier 2010, multinational training in Poland, September 16-26, 2010; Combined Endeavour 2010, Germany-Romania, September 1-20, 2010; Jackal Stone 2010, Poland, September 16-26, 2010.

In Ukraine

Sea Breeze 2010, Ukraine-USA training, Odesa, July 9-28, 2010; Rapid Trident 2010, Ukraine-USA training, Lviv oblast, September 4-19, 2010

Multilateral

Barrier 2010, multinational training in Ochakiv, July 26-August 7, 2010; Svitla Lavyna 2010, multinational training, Vynohradiv, Zakarpattia oblast, September 27-October 1, 2010.

All data is from the Center for Military Policy and Security Policy

 

Copyright © Ukrainian Week LLC. All rights reserved.

 

he.kingdomsalvation.org/videos/its-good-to-believe-in-God...

 

סרט חדש 2019 - ישועה -'טוב להאמין באלוהים' - טריילר HD

 

דינג רוילין ובעלה פתחו וניהלו עסק בזיעת אפיים ובעבודה קשה כדי להרוויח מספיק כדי לחיות חיים טובים, אך בשל הניצול וההתעללות מצד הממשל הקומוניסטי בסין, הם נותרו עם חובות גדולים, ולא הייתה להם ברירה אלא לנסוע לחו"ל כדי לעבוד. כדי להרוויח יותר כסף, דינג רוילין מתחילה לעבוד בשתי עבודות. העול הכבד של עבודתה ואדישותם של הסובבים אותה גורמים לה להבין את הכאב וחוסר האונים הכרוכים בעבודה למען הכסף. בעוד היא שרויה בכאב ובלבול, היא פוגשת את לין ז'יסין, חברתה לספסל הלימודים מהתיכון. השתיים משוחחות, ודינג רוילין רואה שלין ז'יסין החלה להבין דברים רבים הודות לאמונתה באלוהים. כשאלוהים לצדה, היא חשה שלווה ואושר רוחניים וחיה במצב נינוח ונעים, שמעורר אצל דינג רוילין רצון להאמין באלוהים כמוה. זמן קצר לאחר מכן, כדי להרוויח כסף רב יותר, דינג רוילין ובעלה רוכשים מסעדה, אך דינג רוילין לוקה במחלה קשה עקב עייפות שהצטברה אצלה לאורך זמן, וקיים סיכון שהיא תלקה בשיתוק. ייסורי המחלה מעוררים בדינג רוילין הרהורים על החיים. לשם מה על בני האדם לחיות? האם כדאי להקריב את החיים למען עושר ותהילה? האם הכסף יכול לסייע לאנשים להיחלץ מריקנות ואומללות? האם בכוחו להציל אנשים מן המוות? הודות לשיתופי דבר האל מפי אחיותיה, דינג רוילין רוכשת את היכולת לראות בבירור את התשובות לשאלות האלה על החיים, לומדת אודות הדבר שחשוב ביותר לחתור אליו בחיים ולבסוף זוכה בשחרור רוחני. בזכות ההכוונה שבדבר האל, דינג רוילין מוצאת לבסוף אושר בחיים…

מהי משמעות החיים? - 'טוב להאמין באלוהים'

 

Image Source:כנסיית האל הכול יכול

 

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CIF CENTRAL SECTION CHAMPIONSHIP

 

Liberty High School - Wednesday, May 14, 2008

www.andynoise.com/valley08.html

 

Central Section Grand Masters

 

At Liberty

 

Team standings--unavailable.

 

400 relay--1. Bakersfield (Hunt, Turner, Johnson, Norwood), 42.28; 2. Clovis East (Bourbon, Scott, Smith, Woods), 42.58; 3. Redwood (Stewart, Ray, Root, Coles), 43.07; 4. Central (Newsome, Bigelow, Hammack, Phillips), 43.15. 1,600--1. Chris Schwartz, Foot, 4:15.80; 2. Jonathan Sanchez, Buch, 4:17.48; 3. Eric Battles, CW, 4:20.34; 4. Jesse Arellano, Mad, 4:21.56. 110H--1. Ethan DeJongh, MtW, 14.49; 2. Sean Johnson, Buch, 14.66; 3. Jon Funch, CW, 14.81; 4. Isiah Crunk, Wash, 15.17. 400--1. Maurice Lewis, Ed, 49.08; 2. Isiah Purvis, Lib, 49.13; 3. Daniel Lozano, Stock, 49.35; 4. Jelani Hendrix, Ed, 49.62. 100--1. Brendon Bigelow, Central, 10.62; 2. Emmanuel Turner, Bak, 10.81; 3. Matt Sumlin, Gar, 10.91; 4. Chris Lopez, GW, 10.98. 800--1. Anthony Mitchell, North, 1:54.19; 2. Aric Champagne, MtW, 1:54.97; 3. Andrew Campbell, CW, 1:55.69; 4. Arturo Ramirez, Centennial, 1:55.83. 300H--1. DeJongh, MtW, 37.93; 2. Cody Alves, Sel, 37.94; 3. James Smith, CE, 39.03; 4. Sean Johnson, Buch, 39.28. 200--1. Brendon Bigelow, Central, 21.29; 2. Isiah Purvis, Lib, 21.96; 3. Mario Navarette, Sanger, 22.04; 4. Chris Lopez, GW, 22.29. 3,200--1. Chris Schwartz, Foot, 9:24.19; 2. Jonathan Sanchez, Buch, 9:24.99; 3. Jon Ross, CE, 9:26.42; 4. Danny Vartanien, Buch, 9:26.42. 1,600 relay--1. Edison (Hendrix, Carter, Boughton, Lewis), 3:17.86; 2. Liberty (Hill, Garside, Affentranger, Purvis), 3:18.95; 3. Bakersfield (Miller, Turner, Johnson, Gooden), 3:20.06; 4. Clovis East (Ellis, Defonska, Woods, Smith), 3:22.40. PV--1. Andrew Lohse, Mad, 15-0; 2. Michael Peterson, CE, 15-0J; 3. Jeff Brenner, Cl, 14-6; 4. Frankie Puente, Sel, 14-0. SP--1. Dayshan Ragans, Foot, 60-7; 2. Matt Darr, Fron, 52-8.75; 3. Troy Rush, CW, 52-8.5; 4. Christian Millard, CE, 51-10.5. TJ--1. Johnny Carter, Ridge, 48-3; 2. Tyler Thompson, Shaf, 47-3; 3. Chris Kelly, Ridge, 46-11.5; 4. Jordan Smith, Central, 46-10.5. D--1. Dayshan Ragans, Foot, 199-2; 2. Jacob Budwig, Fowl, 168-8; 3. Niko Gomes, Cl, 164-10; 4. Matt Darr, Fron, 157-7. LJ--1. Kenny Phillips, Central, 23-4; 2. Tyler Thompson, Shaf, 21-11.5; 3. Dillon Root, Red, 21-11; 4. Kevin Norwood, GV, 21-8.75. HJ--1. Kenny Phillips, Central, 6-8; 2. Isiah Griggs, Bak, 6-6; 3. George Robbins, West, 6-4; 4. Jeff Brenner, Cl, 6-4J.

 

Notes: Top three in each event advance to state meet, May 30-31 in Norwalk. The two wild cards with the best times/marks from all sections also advance.

 

Girls track

 

Central Section Grand Masters

 

At Liberty

 

Team standings--unavailable.

 

400 relay--1. Edison (Eng, Scott, Thompson, Sears), 47.16; 2. Bullard (J. Williams, Riddlesprigger, Baisch, L. Williams), 48.17; 3. Tulare Western, 48.73; 4. Bakersfield (Torres, Belt, Brown, Wandick), 48.80. 1,600--1. Saleh Barsarian, Cl, 5:02.98; 2. Meghan Marvin, Cl, 5:03.02; 3. Chloe Allen, CW, 5:04.62; 4. Allison Gonzales, Ex, 5:11.52; 100H--1. Alyssa Monteverde, CW, 14.59; 2. Brianny Williams, Ed, 14.60; 3. Taylor Jackson, Fr, 15.04; 4. Jen Melton, CW, 15.37. 400--1. Breanna Thompson, Ed, 56.64; 2. Dedrea Wyrik, Sun, 57.49; 3. Lasasha Aldredge, Central, 58.12; 4. Taylor Donaldson, Reed, 58.13. 100--1. Megan Del Pino, CW, 11.66; 2. Jenna Prandini, Cl, 11.74; 3. Lynn Williams, Bul, 12.00; 4. Brushay Wandick, Bak, 12.01. 800--1. Allysa Mejia, Reed, 2:17.47; 2. Molly Pahkamaa, ElD, 2:17.73; 3. Katie Fry, Ex, 2:18.74; 4. Ashlee Thomas, Centennial, 2:19.77. 300H--1. Alyssa Monteverde, CW, 43.92; 2. Taylor Jackson, Fron, 44.86; 3. Brianny Williams, Ed, 45.69; 4. Alana Alexander, Centennial, 46.12. 200--1. Megan Del Pino, CW, 23.94; 2. Dominique Whittington, Lem, 24.65; 3. Brushay Wandick, Bak, 24.69; 4. Breanna Thompson, Ed, 24.90. 3,200--1. Jordan Hasay, MP, 10:24.78; 2. Meghan Marvin, Cl, 10:59.96; 3. Chloe Allen, CW, 11:06.19; 4. Corina Mendoza, Mad, 11:32.06. 1,600 relay--1. Edison (Burk, Thompson, Scott, Smith), 3:54.89; 2. Stockdale (Cady, Anderson, Mello, S. Anderson), 3:58.26; 3. Clovis West (Laidley, Capriotti, Del Pino, Monteverde), 3:59.02; 4. Reedley, 3:59.07. D--1. Anna Jelmini, Shaf, 162-5; 2. Alex Collatz, Stock, 148-6; 3. Carey Tuuamalemalo, Taft, 130-9; 4. Janae Coffee, CW, 121-6. LJ--1. Jenna Prandini, Cl, 18-7.25; 2. Lynn Williams, Bul, 18-0.75; 3. Alana Alexander, Centennial, 17-6.75; 4. Ja'Nia Sears, Ed, 17-6.5. HJ--1. Alyssa Monteverde, CW, 5-4; 2. Cristina Muro, GW, 5-2; 3. Katherine Mahr, Buch, 5-2; 4. Marish Riddlesprigger, Bul, 5-2J. SP--1. Anna Jelmini, Shaf, 44-0.75; 2. Destanie Yarbrough, CE, 37-10; 3. Heather Vermillion, Red, 37-9; 4. Tasha Firstone, CW, 36-6.5. TJ--1. Alana Alexander, Centennial, 38-3.75; 2. Jenna Prandini, Cl, 38-3; 3. Goziam Okolie, 36-10.5; 4. Alex Collatz, Stock, 36-2. PV--1. Allison Berryhill, CW, 11-6; 2. Amanda Klinchuch, Lib, 11-6J; 3. Cheree Jones, King, 10-6; 4. Emily Falkenstein, Buch, 10-6J.

 

Notes: Top three in each event advance to state meet, May 30-31 in Norwalk. The two wild cards with the best times/marks from all sections also advance.

 

ĐÀO TẠO VÀ DẠY NGHỀ ĐỐI VỚI HỌC VIÊN CHƯA BIẾT NGHỀ, HỌC VIÊN HỌC NÂNG CAO:

 

___ TRUNG TÂM ĐÀO TẠO DẠY NGHỀ THỜI TRANG TÓC KORIGAMI LIÊN TỤC TUYỂN SINH CÁC KHÓA HỌC CẮT TÓC - TẠO MẪU TÓC NAM, NỮ CHUYÊN NGHIỆP - CÁC KHÓA TẬP HUẤN NÂNG CAO TRÌNH ĐỘ KỸ THUẬT HÓA CHẤT ÉP DUỖI - UỐN SETTING SÓNG - NHUỘM NANO 3D ...

 

___ CAM KẾT CHỈ SAU MỘT THỜI GIAN NGẮN,CÁC BẠN CÓ THỂ TRỞ THÀNH NHỮNG NHÀ TẠO MẪU TÓC CHUYÊN NGHIỆP TẠI CÁC SALON NỔI TIẾNG HAY TẠO LẬP CHO MÌNH MỘT THƯƠNG HIỆU RIÊNG...

 

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CHƯƠNG TRÌNH ĐÀO TẠO:

XEM CHI TIẾT TẤT CẢ CÁC CHƯƠNG TRÌNH ĐÀO TẠO: NỘI DUNG - HỌC PHÍ - THỦ TỤC ĐĂNG KÝ ...

HỌC TẠO MẪU TÓC NAM NỮ

@ KHÓA [A] CƠ BẢN

@ KHÓA [B] NÂNG CAO

@ KHÓA [C] CẤP TỐC

 

HỌC TẠO MẪU TÓC TRỌN GÓI

@ KHÓA [AB] 6 THÁNG

@ KHÓA [BC] 3 THÁNG

@ KHÓA [AZ] 8 THÁNG

 

HỌC CẮT TÓC CHUYÊN NGHIỆP

@ KHÓA [F1] CẮT NAM CƠ BẢN

@ KHÓA [F2] CẮT NAM NÂNG CAO

@ KHÓA [F3] CẮT TÓC NỮ CƠ BẢN

@ KHÓA [F4] CẮT TÓC NỮ NÂNG CAO

@ KHÓA [F5] TRỌN GÓI TẠO MẪU TÓC NỮ

 

HỌC XỬ LÝ HÓA CHẤT LÀM TÓC

@ KHÓA [G] NHUỘM TÓC TOÀN NĂNG

@ KHÓA [H] ÉP UỐN DUỖI XÙ TOÀN NĂNG

@ KHÓA [ I ] UỐN SETTING KTS

 

HỌC TRANG ĐIỂM BỚI TÓC CÔ DÂU

@ KHÓA [D] TRANG ĐIỂM

@ KHÓA [E] BỚI CÔ DÂU

@ KHÓA [DE] TRANG ĐIỂM BỚI TÓC

 

HỌC THỢ PHỤ SẤY KIỂU NỐI TÓC

@ KHÓA [J] THỢ PHỤ NGÀNH TÓC

@ KHÓA [N] NỐI TÓC CHUYÊN NGHIỆP

@ KHÓA [S] SẤY TÓC THỜI TRANG

 

CHỌN MỨC HỌC PHÍ

@ DƯỚI 10 TRIỆU

@ TỪ 10 ĐẾN 20 TRIỆU

@ TỪ 20 ĐẾN 30 TRIỆU

@ TRÊN 30 TRIỆU

THỜI GIAN ĐÀO TẠO:

CẤP TỐC CƠ BẢN : 02 THÁNG

CƠ BẢN TOÀN DIỆN: 04 THÁNG

NÂNG CAO TOÀN DIỆN : 06 THÁNG

CHUYÊN CẮT NAM HOẶC NỮ : ~ 01 THÁNG

CHUYÊN SÂU HÓA CHẤT : ~ 01 TUẦN

HỌC VIÊN ĐƯƠC HỌC CÁC KIẾN THỨC CĂN BẢN VÀ NÂNG CAO CÁC KỸ NĂNG LÀM TÓC:LÀM QUEN CÁCH SỬ DỤNG KÉO LƯỢC TÔNG ĐƠ - ĐỒ NGHỀ THIẾT BỊ MÁY MÓC LÀM TÓC, PHƯƠNG PHÁP KỸ THUẬT CẮT TỈA, UỐN, ÉP, NHUỘM, GỘI, LÀ, SẤY KIỂU, NỐI TÓC …. NAM, NỮ...

+++ HỌC VIÊN THỰC TẬP THEO NHÓM TRÊN MANOCANH DƯỚI SỰ HƯỚNG DẪN KÈM CẶP CỦA GIÁO VIÊN

+++ HỌC VIÊN TRAU DỒI KỸ NĂNG ĐẾN KHI ĐẠT TIÊU CHUẨN SẼ THỰC TẬP TRÊN TÓC THẬT

 

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1. MỤC TIÊU DẠY NGHỀ, ĐÀO TẠO:

ĐÀO TẠO HỌC VIÊN TRỞ THÀNH THỢ LÀM TÓC CHUYÊN NGHIỆP, TAY NGHỀ CAO, CÓ CUNG CÁCH ỨNG XỬ VĂN MINH HIỆN ĐẠI, CÓ NĂNG LỰC MỞ TIỆM HOẶC ĐI LÀM CHO CÁC SALON TOÀN QUỐC.

TRANG BỊ ĐẦY ĐỦ KIẾN THỨC, KỸ THUẬT LÀM TÓC, KỸ NĂNG GIAO TIẾP, KỸ NĂNG KINH DOANH, KỸ NĂNG QUẢN LÝ SALON SPA...

THIẾT KẾ, TẠO MẪU TÓC ĐA DẠNG - KIỂU DÁNG THỜI TRANG HIỆN ĐẠI.

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2. GIÁO VIÊN DẠY TẠI TRUNG TÂM:

GIÁO VIÊN CHỦ NHIỆM KUANSAIGON TỪNG ĐẠT GIẢI TAY KÉO VÀNG DAVINES 2008 - VÀ GIẢI TONI&GUY CREATIVE AWARD 2008 (HAI CUỘC THI ĐỀU TỔ CHỨC TẠI TP.HCM) ... NTMT KUANSAIGON ĐÃ BIÊN SOẠN THÀNH CÔNG BỘ GIÁO TRÌNH KORIGAMI NỔI TIẾNG HIỆN NAY ...

CÁC GIÁO VIÊN CÒN LẠI ĐỀU LÀ NHỮNG NHÀ TẠO MẪU TÓC NHIỀU NĂM KINH NGHIỆM - TRÌNH ĐỘ SƯ PHẠM - NHIỆT TÌNH TRONG CÔNG VIỆC TRUYỀN DẠY KIẾN THỨC CHO THẾ HỆ SAU...

NĂM 2013, KORIGAMI ĐÃ ĐƯỢC TRUNG ƯƠNG ĐOÀN THANH NIÊN CỘNG SẢN HỒ CHÍ MINH TRAO TẶNG CÚP VÀ HUÂN CHƯƠNG GHI NHẬN "TOP 30 THƯƠNG HIỆU ĐƯỢC THANH NIÊN VIỆT TOÀN QUỐC YÊU THÍCH NHẤT"... ĐÂY LÀ GIẢI THƯỞNG DANH GIÁ GHI NHẬN SỰ NỔ LỰC PHẤN ĐẤU BỀN BỈ VÀ GIỮ VỮNG UY TÍN CỦA KORIGAMI SUỐT NHIỀU NĂM LIÊN TỤC

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3. GIÁO TRÌNH DẠY HỌC TẠI TRUNG TÂM:

GIÁO TRÌNH KORIGAMI ĐƯỢC BIÊN SOẠN LẦN ĐẦU KỂ TỪ 2008 DỰATHEO GIÁO TRÌNH QUỐC TẾ, CÓ THAM KHẢO CÁC HÃNG NỔI TIẾNG NHƯ TONY&GUY, VIDAL SASSOON…, LIÊN TỤC ĐƯỢC CẬP NHẬT CÁC XU HƯỚNG MỚI

ĐẾN NAY TRÃI QUA 6 LẦN NÂNG CẤP PHIÊN BẢN + THÊM CÁC BỘ CÔNG THỨC TOÁN HỌC NGÀNH TẠO MẪU TÓC, ĐÃ TẠO RA NÉT RIÊNG KHÔNG THỂ NHẦM LẪN CỦA GIÁO TRÌNH KORIGAMI SO VỚI TẤT CẢ CÁC BỘ GIÁO TRÌNH CÒN LẠI ...

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4. NỘI DUNG HỌC TẬP:

CẮT TẠO MẪU TÓC NAM CĂN BẢN ĐẾN NÂNG CAO.

CẮT TẠO MẪU TÓC NỮ CĂN BẢN ĐẾN NÂNG CAO.

SÁNG TÁC ĐỊNH HÌNH TƯ DUY TÁC PHẨM TÓC DỰA TRÊN KIỂU DÁNG KHUÔN MẶT ( TRÒN - VUÔNG - DÀI - OVAL - TAM GIÁC - CHỮ NHẬT ... ) - SỰ SẮP XẾP CỦA NGŨ QUAN ( MẮT - MŨI - MIỆNG - TAI - CHÂN MÀY ) - NƯỚC DA - HÌNH THỂ - CHẤT LIỆU TÓC - YẾU TỐ NGHỀ NGHIỆP CỦA KHÁCH HÀNG - CÁ TÍNH - SỞ THÍCH - THÓI QUEN CHĂM SÓC TÓC ... NHẰM ĐƯA RA TƯ VẤN CHUẨN XÁC ĐỒNG THỜI CÓ MỘT KẾT QUẢ ĐẠT TỶ LỆ THÀNH CÔNG MỸ MÃN NHẤT...

TẠO KIỂU TÓC NGHỆ THUẬT: SẤY KIỂU - LÀ BÁM CÚP - UỐN XOĂN GIẢ - BỚI TẠO KIỂU TÓC NGHỆ THUẬT.

KỸ THUẬT THỢ PHỤ CHUYÊN NGÀNH TÓC: GỘI, MATXA ĐẦU, MATXA MẶT, HẤP TÓC, CHẢI THUỐC HÓA CHẤT, KỸ NĂNG PHỤ VIỆC CHUYÊN NGHIỆP

KỸ THUẬT ĐIỀU CHẾ SỬ DỤNG HÓA CHẤT LÀM TÓC BỀN VỮNG:

KỸ THUẬT UỐN XOĂN CƠ BẢN : UỐN LẠNH, UỐN XÙ .... UỐN XOĂN NÂNG CAO: UỐN SETTING KỸ THUẬT SỐ, UỐN HƠI NƯỚC , LÀM XÙ GẪY, LÀM XÙ ĐŨA, LÀM XÙ TẾT, XÙ GIẤY BẠC …

 

KỸ THUẬT NHUỘM MÀU CƠ BẢN: NHUỘM CÁC TÔNG TỰ NHIÊN TỐI SÁNG, GAM MÀU NÓNG, LẠNH, KỸ THUẬT TĂNG, GIẢM MÀU, TẠO SẮC TỐ MÀU NHUỘM, NHUỘM HIGHTLIGHT ... NHUỘM TÓC NÂNG CAO : KỸ THUẬT NHUỘM 3D

 

KỸ THUẬT NỐI TÓC: NỐI KẸP CHÌ, NỐI TẾT, NỐI BUỘC CHUN FIBER GLASS ... NỐI TÓC LINE MÀU

  

5.ĐỐI TƯỢNG HỌC NGHỀ:

MỌI NGƯỜI CÓ NHU CẦU HỌC NGHỀ TÓC KHÔNG PHÂN BIỆT LỨA TUỔI - GIỚI TÍNH - TRÌNH ĐỘ HỌC VẤN - ĐỊA VỊ XÃ HỘI ... ĐỀU ĐƯỢC THAM GIA KHÓA HỌC TẠI TRUNG TÂM ( TRỪ HỌC VIÊN MẮC CÁC TỆ NẠN XÃ HỘI, NGƯỜI SỬ DỤNG CHẤT MA TÚY HOẶC CÁC CHẤT GÂY ẢO GIÁC, NGƯỜI CÓ MANG BỆNH TRUYỀN NHIỄM QUA TIẾP XÚC MÁU ... )

TẠI SAO BẠN PHẢI CHỌN TRUNG TÂM DẠY NGHỀ?

 

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HÌNH ẢNH HỌC VIÊN THỰC TẬP CẮT TÓC TRÊN MANOCANH VÀ TÓC THẬT :

BẤM XEM TẠI ĐÂY www.korigami.vn/2014/02/chuyen-tham-quan-thuc-te-hoc-vien...

 

VIDEO CÁC HỌC VIÊN CỌ SÁT THỰC TẾ, NÂNG CAO TAY NGHỀ, RÚT NGẮN THỜI GIAN HỌC TẬP TẠI TRUNG TÂM, TIẾT KIỆM CHI PHÍ :

 

BẤM XEM VIDEO HỌC VIÊN TẬP CẮT TÓC TẠO MẪU TÓC TẠI ĐÂY www.korigami.vn/2013/11/youtube-korigami.html

 

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ĐỘI NGŨ GIÁO VIÊN GIỎI,TẬN TÌNH

TIẾT KIỆM CHI PHÍ

CÓ CHỖ ĂN, Ở

ĐƯỢC CẤP CHỨNG CHỈ NGHỀ

ĐƯỢC HỌC, CẬP NHẬT CÁC KỸ THUẬT MỚI LIÊN TỤC HÀNG THÁNG, NĂM

ĐƯỢC TIẾP CẬN NHỮNG KỸ THUẬT TIÊN TIẾN NHẤT, CÁC XU HƯỚNG TÓC HIỆN ĐẠI

 

SỰ KHÁC BIỆT.

TẠI CÁC CỬA HÀNG, SALON : BẠN PHẢI MẤT ÍT NHẤT 1 NĂM ĐẾN 2 NĂM BẠN MỚI THÀNH NGHỀ ___ TẠI TRUNG TÂM KORIGAMI CHỈ MẤT TỪ 2 ĐẾN 4 THÁNG,BẠN ĐÃ CẬP NHẬT ĐƯỢC TẤT CẢ CÁC KỸ THUẬT LÀM TÓC TỪ CỔ ĐIỂN ĐẾN HIỆN ĐẠI ... THÊM 2 THÁNG HỌC NÂNG CAO CAM KẾT BẠN 100% TỰ TIN MỞ SALON KINH DOANH ...

TẠI NƠI KHÁC HỌC XONG BẠN KHÔNG ĐƯỢC CẤP CHỨNG CHỈ NGHỀ ___ TẠI TRUNG TÂM KORIGAMI SAU KHÓA HỌC BẠN ĐƯỢC CẤP CHỨNG CHỈ NGHỀ CÓ GIÁ TRỊ LƯU HÀNH TOÀN QUỐC ...

TẠI NƠI KHÁC BẠN PHẢI ĐỨNG NHÌN NHIỀU HƠN LÀ ĐƯỢC HƯỚNG DẪN CỤ THỂ ___ TẠI TRUNG TÂM KORIGAMI BẠN ĐƯỢC HƯỚNG DẪN THEO ĐÚNG QUY TRÌNH, GIÁO VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN CỤ THỂ ĐẾN KHI BẠN LÀM THÀNH THẠO ...

TẠI NƠI KHÁC CÁC PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIẢNG DẠY THEO PHƯƠNG PHÁP TỰ DO ___ TẠI TRUNG TÂM KORIGAMI BẠN ĐƯỢC HỌC THEO QUY TRÌNH BÀI BẢN,TUẦN TỰ TỪNG BƯỚC ...

TẠI NƠI KHÁC BẠN PHẢI TỰ LO CHỖ ĂN, Ở ___ TẠI TRUNG TÂM KORIGAMI BẠN ĐƯỢC SẮP XẾP CHỖ ĂN, Ở, AN NINH TỐT, CHẾ ĐỘ QUẢN LÝ KỶ LUẬT NGHIÊM MINH, CHI PHÍ TIẾT KIỆM ...

ĐẶC BIỆT:

 

____ HỌC Ở TIỆM CÓ THỂ HỌC PHÍ RẺ HƠN NHƯNG KHÔNG CÓ HỢP ĐỒNG ĐÀO TẠO - KHÔNG CÓ GIÁO TRÌNH CỤ THỂ - KHÔNG CUNG CẤP DỤNG CỤ HỌC TẬP CHO NÊN MUA SẮM NHIỀU PHÁT SINH TỐN KÉM - KHÔNG CÓ CHỖ ĂN Ở ĐẢM BẢO DẪN ĐẾN BẤT TIỆN TRONG SINH HOẠT ĐỜI SỐNG HẰNG NGÀY - THỜI GIAN HỌC KÉO DÀI LÊ THÊ GÂY LÃNG PHÍ VÀ TỐN KÉM - GIÁO VIÊN GIẤU NGHỀ NHẰM GIỮ THỢ LẠI PHỤ VIỆC SAU NHIỀU NĂM VẪN CHƯA THỂ ĐỨNG CHÍNH SALON ĐƯỢC ...

 

___ HỌC Ở TRUNG TÂM KORIGAMI HỌC PHÍ CAO HƠN NHƯNG CAM KẾT TRÁCH NHIỆM DẠY ĐẾN ĐÂU LÀM ĐƯỢC ĐẾN ĐÓ - GIÁO TRÌNH CHI TIẾT - GIÁO VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN TẬN TÌNH TỈ MỈ - TẶNG DỤNG CỤ CHO HỌC VIÊN THỰC HÀNH - CÓ CHỖ ĂN Ở CHI PHÍ THẤP KÈM QUẢN LÝ CHẶT CHẼ GIÚP PHỤ HUYNH YÊN TÂM GỬI CON EM VÀO HỌC - CẤP CHỨNG CHỈ CÓ GIÁ TRỊ TOÀN QUỐC - ĐẢM BẢO HỌC XONG YÊN TÂM ĐI LÀM HOẶC MỞ TIỆM KINH DOANH

ĐỊA CHỈ HỌC VIỆN TÓC KORIGAMI : SỐ 7 TRẦN TẾ XƯƠNG - QUẬN BA ĐÌNH - HÀ NỘI ( TỪ 122 TRẤN VŨ - TRÚC BẠCH RẼ VÀO )

BẢN ĐỒ GOOGLE = WWW.GOO.GL/MAPS/DV482

 

HỌC PHÍ = WWW.KORIGAMI.VN/P/AO-TAO-VA-DAY-NGHE.HTML

 

BẢNG GIÁ LÀM TÓC = WWW.KORIGAMI.VN/P/BANG-GIA-DICH-VU-CAT-TOC-TAO-KIEU-EP.HTML

[crosseye stereograph, see 3D with your right eye on the left image, and left on right.]

 

Southern Pacific Railway Post Office #12, Travel Town, Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California

 

This narrowgauge truck set, cast in Sacramento, CA by Southern Pacific, is one of two designs of 're-gauge-able' trucks on display inside the Travel Town Museum building. The wheels can be detatched from the replaceable axle by four bolts within the inside face, and a new beam can be cut from wood for the bolster support and kingpin. The sliding bearings on the end of each axle predated roller or ball bearings, and could generate a great deal of heat from friction. Hopefully the grease packed under the hinged covers was warm enough to liquify and penetrate the bearing gap. One of the primary reasons a caboose had bay windows or a coupula above, and it's placement at the end of the train, was to keep a vigilant watch for the "hotbox" - an improperly lubricated bearing would cause excessive wear, or start a fire!

Notice that there are no springs in this design, any spring action is from the steel and wood supports.

 

The axles and crossblocks on this Southern Pacific Railway Post Office #12 bogie truck are fabricated of wood a design to facilitate re-gauging this 3' narrow-gauge truck to standard gauge 4'8½". The trucks are unsprung, which is to say the design does not incorporate springs, and there is a very narrow bolster around the kingpin. So, in addition to feeling every gap in the uneven and wavy rail, swaying and rocking was magnified at speeds above 12 miles per hour - working to precisely sort mail along the route was a very uncomfortable occupation.

 

SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY POST OFFICE #12

 

BUILT: c.1880 BY CARTER BROTHERS

WEIGHT: 13 TONS

LENGTH: 43'

DONATED: 1960 BY SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD

 

This pre-20th Century, wooden car was put to a variety of uses by its owners: caboose, baggage car, railway postal car, and most notably, a baggage-mail combination. Mail transportation by rail had existed as long as the railroads themselves. In Britain, mail was already being sorted within rail cars in the late 1830's. This practice was imitated on a few American railroads, but came into widespread use only after the Civil War. Perhaps no more efficient mail system could have existed than that of the railway postal system. Both local and long-distance trains included a car equipped with pigeonholes, sorting bags and tables, cancellation stamps, and one or more frenzied clerks trying to sort a bag of mail picked up at one station, before arriving at the next station each would be only ten or twenty minutes down the road. Early in their history, these railway postal cars (RPO's) shared space with express baggage service. Later, as the system grew more elaborate, entire 60- or 80-foot RPO cars were specially built for that purpose, and resembled small versions of a post office.

 

As with other aspects of railroading, RPO cars and their clerks have a lore all their own. The metal arms which swung out from the side of the car to catch a hanging mail bag when the train was not scheduled to stop at a station are collectors items, as are any existing cancellation stamps. Clerks carried guns for protection against outlaws wanting to steal the mail. In the first decades, clerks worked on cars furnished either with fire-causing wood stoves or without any heat at all. Doors could not be left open for security reasons, so the cars were barely ventilated in the summer heat. If they

had toilet facilities at all, they were crude and rarely private. Sometimes a lone clerk, sometimes a handful of men tripping over and stepping on each other, slaved at sorting and canceling mail, catching a new bag every twenty minutes, and simultaneously kicking off a bag sorted for that stop.

 

By the 1960's, railway mail, like railway passenger service and some railway freight service, was failing in favor of air transport of mail. The last RPO ran between Washington D. C. and New York in June 30, 1977.

 

dsc00673, 34.154469,-118.307759, 2009.10.18 16.40.54, 3D, Los Angeles, Griffith Park, Travel Town, Southern Pacific Railway Post Office #12, Trucks.jpg

Kern Invite - 11/01/08

Hart Park - Bakersfield, CA

 

www.andynoise.com/kernxcinvite08.html

 

Varsity Girls - 2008 Kern County Cross Country

Championships

School Athlete Time Overall Scoring Team

 

1. Ridgeview Tijerra Lynch 18:58.24 1 1 1

2. Shafter Elizabeth Wittenberg 19:02.62 2 2 1

3. Garces Monica Guzman 19:15.89 3 3 1

4. North Celilia Lopez 19:21.87 4 4 1

5. Ridgeview Ashley Duran 19:23.47 5 5 2

6. Ridgeview Jessica Huizar 19:25.81 6 6 3

7. Foothill Natalie Fernandez 19:35.65 7 7 1

8. East Lucia Garcia 19:46.20 8 x 1

9. Stockdale Amber Nelson 19:59.40 9 8 1

10. Taft Megan Thompson 20:01.34 10 x 1

11. Stockdale Carolin Haney 20:01.70 11 9 2

12. Stockdale Shelbe Pennel 20:03.86 12 10 3

13. Shafter Moriah Milwee 20:05.23 13 11 2

14. Ridgeview Desiree Armendariz 20:08.00 14 12 4

15. Arvin Tanya Hernandez 20:10.02 15 x 1

16. Highland Nichole Berry 20:19:01 16 13 1

17. BHS Sarah Baker 20:25.37 17 14 1

18. North Medeline Maier 20:29.38 18 15 2

19. Ridgeview Monica Lazo 20:33.39 19 16 5

20. Shafter Lindsee Handel 20:36.70 20 17 3

21. Centennial Jessica Folsom 20:41.80 21 18 1

22. BHS Emily Shuford 20:45.35 22 19 2

23. Ridgeview Linda Gonzalez 20:58:28 23 20 6

24. BHS Gabrielle Lerma 21:03.97 24 21 3

25. Stockdale Courtney Moore 21:06.02 25 22 4

26. North Meagan Menzel 21:10.17 26 23 3

27. BHS Gracie Garcia 21:11.76 27 24 4

28. Foothill Perla Veloz 21:13.21 28 25 2

29. Foothill Crystal Rodriguez 21:20.30 29 26 3

30. Independence Katelynn Webb 21:21.51 30 27 1

31. Golden Valley Karina Rocha 21:23.57 31 28 1

32. Shafter Katerina Plaza 21:27.21 32 29 4

33. North Blanca Perez 21:27.98 33 30 4

34. Wasco Amanda Castellon 21:28.25 34 31 1

35. Foothill Kaitlyn Mrasak 21:31.45 35 32 4

36. Tehachapi Brenda Gonzalez 21:33.34 36 33 1

37. Highland Gabi Rodier 21:34.56 37 34 2

38. Centennial Margaret Martinez 21:35.39 38 35 2

39. Stockdale Cynthia Lopez 21:35.61 39 36 5

40. Centennial Jessica Crowe 21:43.49 40 37 3

41. Highland Hilaria Vasquez 21:43.76 41 38 3

42. North Yadira Perez 21:49.62 42 39 5

43. Foothill Erica Castro 21:53.39 43 40 5

44. Centennial Stephanie Dittman 21:55.56 44 41 4

45. Independence Natalie Ambriz 22:08.45 45 42 2

46. Stockdale Madison Schutzner 22:14.92 46 43 6

47. Highland Katherine Mayberry 22:16.42 47 44 4

48. Centennial Jorey Braughton 22:18.95 48 45 5

49. North Kaylee Meyer 22:20.98 49 46 6

50. Garces Lauren Brown 22:21.19 50 47 2

51. Golden Valley Denise Silva 22:23.90 51 48 2

52. Foothill Violeta Quintanar 22:24.92 52 49 6

53. Highland Desiree Martinez 22:25.59 53 50 5

54. Independence Sara Sullivan 22:25.95 54 51 3

55. Garces Lizbeth Lopez 22:28.11 55 52 3

56. Garces Tammy Vu 22:35.68 56 53 4

57. West Selam Habebo 22:39.75 57 x 1

58. Shafter Leana Lara 22:51.69 58 54 5

59. Independence Carlie Croxton 22:55.06 59 55 4

60. Cesar Chavez Rosa Montanez 22:57.28 60 x 1

61. Foothill Maria Zepeda 22:57.55 61 56 7

62. Garces Marissa Machado 22:57.92 62 57 5

63. Shafter Mayra Torres 23:00.88 63 58 6

64. Golden Valley Carmelita Aguilar 23:04.07 64 59 3

65. Ridgeview M. Salgado 23:14.56 65 60 7

66. Golden Valley Anna Avina 23:20.23 66 61 4

67. Golden Valley Ninive Alveno 23:26.73 67 62 6

68. Golden Valley Mercedes Salgado 23:26.73 68 63 5

69. Centennial Paige Anderson 23:30.27 69 64 6

70. Garces Sammie Lobardo 23:34.37 70 65 6

71. Arvin Bianca Quinonez 23:41.85 71 x 2

72. Kern Valley S. Hinkey 23:42.47 72 x 1

73. Frontier Ariel Driskill 23:43.12 73 66 1

74. Centennial J. Estrada 23:50.91 74 67 7

75. Kern Valley S. Hazzard 23:51.80 75 x 2

76. Garces G. Ortiz 23:54.66 76 68 7

77. North Priscilla Cruz 23:55.51 77 69 7

78. BHS Kristina Logan 24:04.10 78 70 5

79. Frontier Jasmine Mattos 24:05.42 79 71 2

80. Stockdale Delilah Diaz 24:10.83 80 72 7

81. West Wennie Agbalog 24:28.90 81 x 2

82. Wasco Anna Orozco 24:29.57 82 73 2

83. Wasco Ruby Jacabo 24:30.22 83 74 3

84. Tehachapi Anna Duke 24:33.57 84 75 2

85. Wasco S. Castellon 24:42.66 85 76 6

86. Independence Shelby Woolf 24:58.35 86 77 6

87. BHS Sarah Stidham 24:58.76 87 78 6

88. Arvin Gaby Gomez 25:04.17 88 x 3

89. Highland Cristina Valenzuela 25:05.21 89 79 6

90. McFarland Monica Gonzalez 25:42.30 90 x 1

91. Tehachapi Susie Cuevas 25:57.15 91 x 3

92. Wasco B. Medina 26:00.11 92 80 4

93. Cesar Chavez Shannan Albay 26:00.32 93 x 2

94. BC Tiffany Rodriguez 26:26.77 94 x 1

95. Tehachapi Ariel Deval 26:50.73 95 81 4

96. Wasco A. Rios 27:14.74 96 82 5

97. Independence Samantha Antu 27:17.44 97 83 5

98. Tehachapi L. Shoemaker 27:44.92 98 84 5

99. BC Victoria Wheeler 28:09.47 99 x 2

100. Tehachapi J. Bahera 29:20:93 100 85 6

101. Frontier T. See 29:29.12 101 86 3

102. Frontier Savanah Olson 30:18.04 102 87 4

103. Frontier A. Rojas NT 103 88 5

www.bangalorebreakdown.com/music.html

 

At Joe's Pub with Bangalore Breakdown.

 

__________

 

Play the music, not the instrument. ~Author Unknown

 

***

 

“Any great art work … revives and readapts time and space, and the measure of its success is the extent to which it makes you an inhabitant of that world - the extent to which it invites you in and lets you breathe its strange, special air.”

― Leonard Bernstein

 

***

 

"You are the music while the music lasts. "

-T.S. Eliot

 

***

"Music is Magic. Magic is Life"

-Jimi Hendrix

(part of an unfinished song discovered after his death)

 

***

 

www.flickr.com/photos/42514297@N04/sets/72157632988389457...

View “A Life Of Music - to be cont.'d ...(with GRATITUDE!)” slideshow

 

www.flickr.com/photos/42514297@N04/sets/72157635185040413...

View “Photos for Media” slideshow

 

For both: Click on 'Show info' to see captions w' slideshow – Click on ‘Options’ to control speed

For slow “animated” slideshows click the double rectangle at the top right side of "set"- album page of choice.

 

__________

 

World / Jazz / Experimental / Improv / East-West / Ambient / Pop

PREMIK RUSSELL TUBBS

 

Looking for music for your film or project? Let’s talk...

www.premik.com

__________

__________________

 

Contact/Listen

 

www.premik.com

www.facebook.com/premik.tubbs

www.reverbnation.com/premik

www.broadjam.com/premik

www.myspace.com/premik

www.emusic.com/album/premik/mission-transcendence/10884302/

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premik_Russell_Tubbs

New music coming soon!

__________________

__________

 

Premik, a composer, arranger, producer and an accomplished multi-instrumentalist performs on various flutes, soprano, alto and tenor saxophones, wind synthesizers, and lap steel guitar.

 

Premik has worked with everyone from Carlos Santana, Whitney Houston, Herbie Hancock, John McLaughlin, Ravi Shankar, Narada Michael Walden, Clarence Clemons, Ornette Coleman, Jackson Browne, Jean-Luc Ponty, Lonnie Liston-Smith, Scarlet Riveria, James Taylor, Sting and Lady Gaga, just to name a few. He is equally adept in pop, R&B, jazz, world and experimental genres.

 

Sax solos on #1 Hits -: “How Will I Know” (Whitney Houston) and “Baby, Come To Me” (Regina Belle).

 

Premik's first major recording breakthrough was with John McLaughlin and the Mahavishnu Orchestra on the album“Visions of the Emerald Beyond.” Premik was a major part of the landmark Carlos Santana album "The Swing of Delight" which featured Herbie Hancock as co-arranger and co-musical director. Also featured were Wayne Shorter, Tony Williams, Ron Carter and several members of the Santana band.

www.premik.com/recordings/discography/

www.premik.com

New music coming soon!

____________

 

YouTube -DEVADIP CARLOS SANTANA ~~ HANNIBAL ~~ 1980

Russel Tubbs, saxo

Devadip Santana, guitar

All photos LIFE Magazine

www.youtube.com/watch?v=lv_jsp_43h0

____________

 

Most recent recordings and projects:

 

In 2012 Premik recorded with 2011 Grammy nominee vocalist and composer Chandrika Krishnamurthy Tandon. 'Over 75 musicians came together to record the album in the US and India combining ancient traditional instruments like the rhumba, calypso, ektara, dugdugi and esraj with saxophone, banjo and piano to transcend musical boundaries.'

www.indianexpress.com/news/chandrika-tandons-new-album-in...

Sound Samples: www.amazon.com/Soul-March-Chandrika-Krishnamurthy-Tandon/...

www.cdbaby.com/cd/chandrikakrishnamurthyta2 Check out "JOG"

 

****

 

Recording projects in 2010-2012 with Grammy award-winning producer and founder of Windham Hill Records Will Ackerman include albums by Fiona Jay Hawkins, Shambhu, Dean Boland, Rebecca Harrold, Ronnda Cadle and Masako.

 

Will Ackerman: ...‘The criteria for who works here go way past simple talent. Imaginary Road is my home and I’m only letting wonderful people into my home. I don’t care how talented you are; if you’re not able to wear your heart on your sleeve don’t bother to turn up. We use Keith Carlock (Sting and Steeley Dan) as a drummer too along with Arron Sterling (John Mayer and Sheryl Crow). Only last year I met Premik Russel Tubbs who plays sax and wind synths for us.

 

‘Premik has become part of the family...'

www.newagemusicworld.com/will-ackerman-interview-new-in-2...

imaginaryroadstudios.com/

 

*****

 

Premik plays on both of these albums

Winners in 2013

10th Annual ZMR Awards

 

Album: Masako

Artist: Masako M. Kumano

Award Category- Best New Artist

Premk with Masako: played wind synth on Secret Path to Point Reyes (track 3)

 

Album: Dreaming of Now Best

Artist: Shambhu

Award Category: Contemporary Instrumental Album

Premik with Shambhu: alto flute on Dreaming of Now (track 4) and wind synth on Jasmine (track 10)

 

www.zonemusicreporter.com/admin/2013award_finalists.asp

 

****

Premik recorded with Heidi Breyer and accompanied her at the ZMR Awards 2013, staged in New Orleans.

www.zonemusicreporter.com/admin/performers.asp

ZMR Awards 2013 -Best Instrumental Album – Piano - “Beyond the Turning” - Heidi Breyer - Winterhall Records, produced at Synchrosonic Productions by Grammy winner Corin Nelsen. www.heidibreyer.com/

 

****

New Age / Ambient / World Top 100 Radio Chart

ZoneMusicReporter.com

Top 100 Radio Play - #1 Top Recordings for January 2014

Title: Call of the Mountains - Artist: Masako

www.zonemusicreporter.com/charts/top100.asp

Premik plays wind synth on tracks 4 "Watching the Clouds", & 9 "Purple Indulgence".

 

****

Premik, in conjunction with jazz pianist Uli Geissendoerfer heads Bangalore Breakdown, an exciting, world music ensemble. They released their first CD, titled Diary, in 2008. In the words of noted Jazz author Bill Milkowski: Is it world music? Is it jazz? Is it some kind of new uncategorizable fusion that hasn’t yet been labeled?

Sound samples here: www.bangalorebreakdown.com/music.html

 

****

 

Premik and Uli Geissendoerfer will soon be releasing their own collaborative duo CD titled Passport to 'Happyness' (yes, happiness with a 'y'') www.ulimusic.com

 

****

 

Premik will soon be featured in Carman Moore's Cd “Concerto for Ornette” in which Premik will play the orchestral solo saxophone part. Premik is also the featured saxophonist with SKYBAND on its recording of Carman Moore’s “DON AND BEA IN LOVE,” a fantasy concept album roughly about the intense Renaissance love between Dante and Beatrice which, in part, takes place in outer space! Carman Moore is a 2013 Guggenheim Fellowship winner. www.carmanmoore.com

 

****

 

Premik’s ‘Journey To Light Ensemble’

Sound is East/West, jazz., a journey....

With Premik Russell Tubbs (saxpohones, flutes, lap steel, wind synth),

www.premik.com

Dave Phelps (guitar),

www.davidphelpsguitar.com/

Leigh Stuart (cello),

leighstuart.com/about/

Nathan Peck (upright & electric bass),

www.alexskolnick.com/biography-nathan-peck/

Todd Isler (drums, percussion)

toddisler.com/

Naren Budakar (tabla)

www.sooryadance.com/html/Milan/naren.htm

Watch for a Journey To Light Ensemble album to be released in 2014

 

****

 

TriBeCaStan

Premik (saxophones, flutes, lap steel, wind synth)

tribecastan.tv/

 

***

Performing in:

25th Anniversary of the Rainforest Fund Benefit Concert

Thursday, April 17, 2014

Carnegie Hall

Stern Auditorium / Perelman Stage

7 PM

www.carnegiehall.org/Calendar/2014/4/17/0700/PM/25th-Anni...

 

***

 

Premik Russell Tubbs - solo with the London Royal Philharmonic -YouTube

 

And Premik is performng in SINGING THE OCEANS ALIVE CONCERT WITH THE ROYAL PHILHARMONIC CONCERT ORCHESTRA LONDON, ENGLAND APRIL 25, 2014

 

YouTube

'The first youtube appearance of my performance with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra @ Fairfeild Hall in Croydon, England on April 25th. The piece is called "Apla Kathar". The main melody was composed by Sri Chinmoy & orchestrated by Vapushtara Matthijs Jongepier.' -Premik

www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQxnO3Da8rc

 

singingtheoceansalive.com/

 

singingtheoceansalive.com/

 

****

 

Premik will guest and record with the Five Toe Dragon

 

Premik Russell Tubbs with the Five Toed Dragon @ the BeanRunner Cafe 04/18/2014

 

YouTubes 4-18-2014

 

www.youtube.com/watch?v=spkxaVteX08 Set 2 0f 2

 

www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSI-ZwekM-Y Set 1 of 2

 

The sound of the Five Toed Dragon can be described as electro-acoustic featuring a distinctly original blend of styles from jazz, classical and ethnic music.

 

J. ERIC JOHNSON

F. CARTER HOODLESS

BRIAN LEE

Regular guest artists will include Charles Burnham/violin and Premik Russell Tubbs/ saxophones, fultes, wind synth

 

All are long time members Carman Moore ’s the Incredible Skyband and/or Skymusic Ensemble.

Carman Moore is a 2013 Guggenheim Fellowship winner.

www.carmanmoore.com

______________

 

BeanRunner Cafe

www.beanrunnercafe.com

A wonderful venue!

Owners Ted and Drew are true champions of the arts.

_______________

______________

 

Using Flickr – if not signed in (may differ if signed in)

 

1. www.flickr.com/photos/42514297@N04/sets/72157632988389457...

-Slideshow – Album Set, A Life Of Music - to be cont'd. ...(with GRATITUDE!)

(Click above link and once in the SLIDESHOW click on (upper right) 'Options' to control speed & Show Info’ to see captions w' slideshow

 

2. To the right of any photo – click upon the oval icon with Premik’s photo to go to the full page of all photos posted (the ‘Photostream’) or the X in the upper right corner to return to the full page of the Set album you are in

 

3. Click the small rectangle icon to the right of the full album ‘set’ page to see the SLOW ‘ANIMATED’ slideshow of photos within the album

 

4. To see individual photos –just click on any photo you would like to see from the full page. Caption will appear to the right

 

5. Scroll down the caption until you see small thumbnail sized photos – click the 3 dots directly under these photos- Click on ‘Download / All sizes’ to see photo enlarged

This will allow you to enlarge the photo you are viewing (or click to see as a slideshow as in #1.)

______

 

Description stolen from the internets...

 

The Owens-Thomas House is located at 124 Abercorn Street in Savannah, Georgia.

 

The Owens-Thomas House was designed by William Jay, a young architect from England. Construction started in 1816, and was completed in 1819. The home's first owner was Richard Richardson, a wealthy banker and cotton merchant. He only lived there for three years, when he had some financial troubles and lost the house.

 

Mrs. Mary Maxwell was the home's next owner. She lived there for eight years, and rented out rooms to people visiting the city. One of her most famous guests was the Marquis de Lafayette, a Revolutionary War hero from France. He addressed the city from the house on March 19, 1825.

 

In 1830, the house was purchased by George Welshman Owens for $10,000. Owens was a lawyer, congressman, and mayor of Savannah. His family owned the house until 1951.

 

In 1951 Margaret Thomas, George Owens's granddaughter, donated the house to the Telfair Museum of Art. The house has been operated as a museum ever since then.

 

In addition to the home's rich history, it also has its own ghost story. Many believe that the ghost of Margaret Thomas resides at the house. She always loved caring for her garden, and today many visitors have seen a ghostly lady walking through the garden at night. Her ghost is also seen in the house's parlor, sometimes looking out the window.

 

Kern Invite - 11/01/08

Hart Park - Bakersfield, CA

 

www.andynoise.com/kernxcinvite08.html

 

JV Boys - 2008 Kern County Cross Country

Championships

School Athlete Time Overall Scoring Team

 

1. Ridgeview Tino Romero 11:17.25 1 1 1

2. Wasco Oscar Gomez 11:26.11 2 2 1

3. East Marc Sotello 11:26.90 3 x 1

4. Shafter Matthew Yanez 11:34.14 4 x 1

5. McFarland Grenardo Garcia 11:34.63 5 x 1

6. Highland Juan Delgado 11:37.47 6 3 1

7. Centennial Brandon Ballard 11:38.17 7 4 1

8. Ridgeview Ernesto Castillo 11:38.94 8 5 2

9. Shafter Elias Picazo 11:40.09 9 x 2

10. Ridgeview Sukhwinder Singh 11:42.25 10 6 3

11. Wasco M. Vasquez 11:49.94 11 7 2

12. East Felix Trevino 11:51.62 12 x 2

13. Ridgeview Tree Hoisson 11:52.34 13 8 4

14. Stockdale Raymon Griggs 11:52.62 14 9 1

15. Highland Rafael Alcaraz 11:53.30 15 10 2

16. East Esteban Vargas 11:54.83 16 x 3

17. McFarland Adam Marquez 11:56.93 17 x 2

18. Frontier Corry Harris 12:02.24 18 11 1

19. Highland M. Shaffer 12:04.99 19 12 3

20. Highland Jo Dixon 12:05.53 20 13 4

21. Centennial Nick Trieberg 12:06.03 21 14 2

22. Highland Daniel Espinosa 12:07.15 22 15 5

23. Foothill Cesar Espinosa 12:10.84 23 16 1

24. Highland Ernan Lopez 12:18.78 24 17 6

25. Stockdale P. Bowen 12:25.59 25 18 2

26. Stockdale Andrew Worth 12:26.63 26 19 3

27. Foothill Jovani Pineda 12:32.47 27 20 2

28. Centennial Jake Smoot 12:33.35 28 21 3

29. Foothill Robert Guillen 12:36.97 29 22 3

30. Garces Jose Lopez 12:37.53 30 23 1

31. Highland Pablo Santiago 12:38.23 31 24 7

32. Ridgeview Ian Dowot 12:38.71 32 25 5

33. Frontier Ramon Sanchez 12:42.97 33 26 2

34. Foothill Peter Reyna 12:45.32 34 27 4

35. Ridgeview Hector Garay 12:45.76 35 28 6

36. Frontier Brian Cisneros 12:46.11 36 29 3

37. Stockdale Cornelius Sockey 12:49.24 37 30 4

38. Stockdale Nick Haley 12:49.57 38 31 5

39. Frontier Christopher Bedke 12:51.77 39 32 4

40. Frontier Chris Corral 12:52.80 40 33 5

41. Centennial CJ Carr 12:55.06 41 34 4

42. Ridgeview Arty Sanchez 12:55.60 42 35 7

43. Garces Dominic Gallegos 12:56.21 43 36 2

44. Foothill Oscar Rivera 12:57.02 44 37 5

45. Shafter Jonatan Lopez 12:59.96 45 x 3

46. Stockdale Evan Szablowsk 13:01.10 46 38 6

47. BHS Hector Sanchez 13:02.38 47 39 1

48. Foothill Guillermo Cisneros 13:05.95 48 40 6

49. Stockdale Jit Malay 13:06.90 49 41 7

50. Highland Nick Lopez 13:07.10 50 42 8

51. Centennial Craig Varner 13:15.59 51 43 5

52. Highland Tyler Dunlap 13:20.14 52 44 9

53. Stockdale Davis McLeod 13:20.73 53 45 8

54. Foothill Luis Garcia 13:22.06 54 46 7

55. Shafter Miguel Sanchez 13:23.34 55 x 4

56. Independence Curtis Valencia 13:25.34 56 47 1

57. Wasco Kyle Bearley 13:26.41 57 48 3

58. Ridgeview Martin Oropeza 13:27.08 58 49 8

59. Frontier Chris Mount 13:28.88 59 50 6

60. Wasco Anthony Ramirez 13:29.86 60 51 4

61. Frontier Jairo Garcia 13:34.10 61 52 7

62. Stockdale Kevin Chun 13:37.01 62 53 9

63. Foothill Marcos Sandoval 13:38.55 63 54 8

64. Arvin Jose Rodriguez 13:39.04 64 x 1

65. Frontier Steven Saenz 13:39.36 65 55 8

66. Stockdale John Bracamant 13:40.57 66 56 10

67. Wasco Kr. Brown 13:43.42 67 57 5

68. Stockdale Adrian Esquivas 13:45.00 68 58 11

69. Stockdale Joshua St. Clair 13:46.57 69 59 12

70. BHS Josh Harbin 13:49.65 70 60 2

71. Mira Monte Hislon Belo 13:53.35 71 x 1

72. Stockdale Eric Jorgensen 13:56.96 72 61 13

73. Garces Anthony Martinez 14:05.99 73 62 3

74. Arvin Rodger Tabada 14:15.08 74 x 2

75. Stockdale Phillip Radon 14:16.70 75 63 14

76. Stockdale Landon Medina 14:18.10 76 64 15

77. East Donald Sanchez 14:18.32 77 x 4

78. Frontier Spencer Cordova 14:25.94 78 65 9

79. Frontier Matt Walker 14:32.16 79 66 10

80. Wasco Arturo Miranda 14:32.82 80 67 6

81. Highland Luis Lopez 14:36.85 81 68 10

82. Independence Devin Lane 14:43.22 82 69 2

83. Garces Sterling Garza 14:43.64 83 70 4

84. Mira Monte Michael Pineda 14:45.10 84 x 2

85. Stockdale Joshua Le 14:45.99 85 71 16

86. Independence Michael Gallarza 14:46.50 86 72 3

87. Foothill William Saavedra 14:48.22 87 73 9

88. BHS Trevor Dalke 14:48.96 88 74 3

89. Independence Andrew Cruz 14:57.45 89 75 4

90. Highland Alex Harrell 15:01.62 90 76 11

91. BHS Wesley Elrich 15:02.07 91 77 4

92. Frontier Jason Phillips 15:02.54 92 78 11

93. Foothill Mason De La Cruz 15:03.92 93 79 10

94. Highland Estevan Espinoza 15:06.66 94 80 12

95. Mira Monte Rick Mendoza 15:08.42 95 x 3

96. Foothill AJ Lara 15:09.07 96 81 11

97. Centennial Jarod Kashwer 15:13.28 97 82 9

98. Highland Ryan Gonzalez 15:28.65 98 83 13

99. BHS Andres Eagleson 15:35.28 99 84 5

100. Frontier Kevin Sanchez 15:41.75 100 85 12

101. Centennial Brent Williams 15:46.70 101 86 10

102. Ridgeview Eric Jacques 15:46.93 102 87 9

103. Garces P. Newman 15:55.87 103 88 5

104. Foothill Jose Mejia 16:22.51 104 89 12

105. Independence Sky Payne 16:38.36 105 90 5

106. Foothill Logan Power 20:16.50 106 91 13

107. Arvin Oswaldo Leyva 24:45.86 107 x 3

108. North Sonny Medina 25:53.00 108 x 1

Kern Invite - 11/01/08

Hart Park - Bakersfield, CA

 

www.andynoise.com/kernxcinvite08.html

 

Varsity Boys - 2008 Kern County Cross Country

Championships

School Athlete Time Overall Scoring Team

 

1. Foothill Chris Schwartz 14:59.76 1 1 1

2. McFarland Alfonso Cisneros 15:33.49 2 2 1

3. McFarland Francisco Nava 15:48.44 3 3 2

4. McFarland Marco Perez 15:48.85 4 4 3

5. Stockdale Curtis Kelly 15:50.33 5 5 1

6. Ridgeview Brian Solis 15:50.81 6 6 1

7. Wasco A. Mendoza 15:51.72 7 7 1

8. Ridgeview Alex Garcia 15:52.70 8 8 2

9. Shafter Chris Handel 15:53.96 9 9 1

10. McFarland Gerardo Alcala 15:54.28 10 10 4

11. Shafter Jesus Villalpondo 16:05.48 11 11 2

12. Highland Colin Lewis 16:06.79 12 12 1

13. Centennial Nathan Vincent 16:08.77 13 13 1

14. Ridgeview Robby Baker 16:13.01 14 14 3

15. McFarland Eduardo Bautista 16:18.69 15 15 5

16. BHS Andrew Ariey 16:21.59 16 16 1

17. Garces Connor O'Malley 16:23.32 17 17 1

18. Stockdale Blair Slaton 16:25.15 18 18 2

19. Ridgeview Jerrio Lewis 16:25.61 19 19 4

20. East Jose Ramirez 16:25.97 20 20 1

21. East Mose Valdez 16:26.30 21 21 2

22. Highland Thomas Turner 16:26.59 22 22 2

23. Golden Valley Daymon Sandles 16:26.91 23 23 1

24. Foothill Jose Lopez 16:27.22 24 24 2

25. Ridgeview Miguel Munoz 16:30.13 25 25 5

26. Wasco G. Linares 16:34.10 26 26 2

27. Shafter Josh Wittenberg 16:34.61 27 27 3

28. Highland Jake Van Zandt 16:36.62 28 28 3

29. East Charlie Zaragoza 16:39.22 29 29 3

30. BHS Andrew Edquist 16:41.12 30 30 2

31. Cesar Chavez Martin Rios 16:45.91 31 31 1

32. Highland Ivan Esquivias 16:47.91 32 32 4

33. BHS Zachary Holt 16:48.98 33 33 3

34. Stockdale Anthony Dao 16:49.30 34 34 3

35. Cesar Chavez Ruben Galaviz 16:49.67 35 35 2

36. Wasco O. Mirando 16:50.04 36 36 3

37. Shafter Alex Moreno 16:51.14 37 37 4

38. Wasco E. Sanchez 16:52.02 38 38 4

39. Wasco E. Ramirez 16:53.29 39 39 5

40. East Camilo Mosqueda 16:53.84 40 40 4

41. East Vincente Herrera 16:54.31 41 41 5

42. Foothill Erick Bautista 16:54.82 42 42 3

43. Arvin Ben Orozco 16:57.57 43 43 1

44. Shafter Hector Montoya 17:01.02 44 44 5

45. Garces Jesus Guzman 17:02.28 45 45 2

46. Garces Michael Bedard 17:02.88 46 46 3

47. Frontier Tanner Urmston 17:03.48 47 47 1

48. BHS John Purcell 17:04.08 48 48 4

49. Centennial Ty Heiter 17:04.73 49 49 2

50. Frontier Richard Peralta 17:05.73 50 50 2

51. Shafter Cristian Barrios 17:07.93 51 51 6

52. Centennial Gehrig Smith 17:08.86 52 52 3

53. BHS Christopher Anderson 17:09.32 53 53 5

54. Highland Justin Burnett 17:10.77 54 54 5

55. Wasco J. DeJulian 17:11.97 55 55 6

56. Stockdale Stephen Burke 17:16.30 56 56 4

57. Arvin Juan Calderon 17:16.89 57 57 2

58. Wasco Cesar Patino 17:19.39 58 58 7

59. Cesar Chavez Tim Yanez 17:21.10 59 59 3

60. Highland Ariel Hurtado 17:23.69 60 60 6

61. North Adam Ralls 17:24.02 61 x 1

62. Ridgeview Michael Anseno 17:24.53 62 61 6

63. Ridgeview Jaime Madrigal 17:31.18 63 62 7

64. Foothill Patrick Manrique 17:32.75 64 63 4

65. Frontier Will Beechinor 17:33.57 65 64 3

66. East Alex Estrada 17:38.64 66 65 6

67. Burroughs Jesse Wigfield 17:38.99 67 66 1

68. Centennial Eric Millan 17:39.50 68 67 4

69. Burroughs Daniel Lathrop 17:39.91 69 68 2

70. Shafter Jacob Vasquez 17:40.47 70 69 7

71. Garces David Freed 17:40.91 71 70 4

72. Centennial Jake Howry 17:42.54 72 71 5

73. Burroughs Andrew Szczpiorski 17:44.05 73 72 3

74. Frontier D. Sclafani 17:47.26 74 73 4

75. Stockdale Max Morales 17:48.38 75 74 5

76. Burroughs Eduardo Carrillo 17:51.64 76 75 4

77. Burroughs Keith Christman 17:57.59 77 76 5

78. Golden Valley Jose Salgado 17:59.82 78 77 2

79. Cesar Chavez Rudy Sandoval 18:00.34 79 78 4

80. Centennial Brad Hinsley 18:04.58 80 79 6

81. Arvin Yessuri Villsenor 18:05.30 81 80 3

82. Burroughs Nathan Cheadle 18:10.33 82 81 6

83. Foothill Javier Garcia 18:11.22 83 82 5

84. Foothill Ernest Marquez 18:11.57 84 83 6

85. BC Kevin Yarian 18:27.47 85 84 1

86. North Chris Emmett 18:29.51 86 x 2

87. Cesar Chavez Andres Rodriguez 18:30.45 87 85 5

88. Tehachapi Corey Torres 18:32.16 88 86 1

89. Frontier Michael Sclafani 18:33.62 89 87 5

90. Garces Patrick Gomez 18:37.52 90 88 5

91. Highland Humberto Ramirez 18:37.98 91 89 7

92. Golden Valley David Gamino 18:40.22 92 90 3

93. Frontier Ricky Gonzales 19:03.13 93 91 6

94. Garces Chris Real 19:06.29 94 92 6

95. Stockdale D. Sherrill 19:08.29 95 93 6

96. Garces Dillon Lyles 19:16.75 96 94 7

97. Tehachapi Christian Torres 19:19.03 97 95 2

98. BC Mark McCutcheon 19:20:78 98 96 2

99. Golden Valley Nick Cruz 19:22.49 99 97 4

100. Golden Valley Daniel Perez 19:25.13 100 98 5

101. Foothill Christian Paredes 19:32.03 101 99 7

102. Arvin Adrian Rodriguez 19:32.67 102 100 4

103. BC Thomas Beard 19:59.04 103 101 3

104. West Michael Branquino 19:59.63 104 x 1

105. BHS Nick Flores 20:04.27 105 102 6

106. Tehachapi Logan Collier 20:07.47 106 103 3

107. Kern Valley C. Woodward 20:22.63 107 x 1

108. Arvin Christian Guerrero 20:31.41 108 104 5

109. Burroughs Daniel Meade 20:41.26 109 105 7

110. Golden Valley Ryan Davis 20:41.26 110 106 6

111. BHS Robby Harris 20:42.01 111 107 7

112. East Hector Fuentes 20:42.57 112 108 7

113. Frontier Alex Blanton 20:56.97 113 109 7

114. Cesar Chavez Joel Hernandez 21:02.22 114 110 6

115. Tehachapi Trent Sherman 21:02.94 115 111 4

116. Tehachapi Shaddi Haddad 21:18.14 116 112 5

117. BC Austin Adee 21:25.45 117 113 4

118. BC Aaron Stephens 21:31.77 118 114 5

119. Kern Valley J. Pistocco 23:15.37 119 x 2

120. Tehachapi Corey Hebron 23:19.78 120 115 6

121. West Kevin Serrano 23:48.05 121 x 2

104 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea SW10. Along with GK Chesterton, he was one of the great Roman Catholic philosophers of his day.

 

Taken from www.catholicauthors.com/belloc.html

 

JOSEPH HILAIRE PIERRE BELLOC, ONE OF THE TRUE LORDS of the English language, was not an Englishman by birth. His father was French, his mother was Irish; and when he married, his bride was an American. But he looked more like the traditional figure of John Bull than any Englishman could. He wore a stand-up collar several sizes too large for him. His rotund head was crowned with a black hat-sometimes tall, sometimes of the pancake variety. He was big and stocky and red of face, and a typically British great-coat draped his beefy form except in the warmest weather.

 

Hilaire Belloc-he dropped the other appendages at an early age-was born at La Celle, near Paris, on July 20, 1870. His father, Louis Swanton Belloc, was well known as a barrister throughout France. Bessie Rayner Belloc, his mother, was of Irish extraction. Somewhere in his immediate background was an infusion of Pennsylvania Dutch blood. His mother, who lived into her nineties and died in 1914, was a remarkably intellectual woman, noted as one of the signers of the first petition ever presented for women's suffrage.

 

Her son studied at the Oratory School at Edgebaston, England, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1893. In his third year he was Blackenbury History Scholar and an honor student in the history schools.

 

Between Oratory School and his matriculation at Oxford, Belloc served in the French Army, where as a driver in the Eighth Regiment of Artillery, he was stationed at Toul. It was from this spot that, years later, he was to set forth on the pilgrimage afoot to St. Peter's that furnished material for the book that many critics consider his best,- The Path to Rome.

 

In 1903 Belloc became a British subject and in 1906 was returned to Parliament by the South Salford constituency. He was a member of the Liberal party in the brilliant House of Commons created by the Tory debacle of the preceding year. He made his maiden speech in the House early in 1906 and it won him an immediate reputation as a brilliant orator. He had already attracted considerable attention during his campaign. In the year of his return to Parliament he was also the nominee of the British Bishops to the Catholic Education Council.

 

Belloc's literary career began immediately after Balliol. He rapidly achieved success as a newspaper and magazine writer and as a light versifier. His first book, published in the year of his graduation, was Verses and Sonnets, and this was followed within a year by The Bad Child's Book of Beasts, in which his reputation as a master of whimsy was fully established. One of the most famous in this category starts out thus:

 

The nicest child I ever knew

Was Charles Augustus Fortesque;

He never lost his cap or tore

His stockings or his pinafore;

 

In eating bread he made no crumbs.

He was extremely fond of sums.

 

Another, more dire, ballad about an untruthful maiden named Mathilde was a famous forerunner to the Ogden Nash style of rhyming:

 

It happened that a few weeks later

Her aunt was off to the theatre

To see that entertaining play

The Second Mrs. Tanqueray.

 

Belloc sat in the House of Commons from 1906 to 1910, but refused to serve a second term because, in his own words, he was "weary of the party system," and thought he could attack politics better from without Parliament than from within. From that time on he devoted his entire efforts to writing and lecturing.

 

Belloc's wife, the former Elodie Agnes Hogan of Napa, California, whom he married in 1896, died in 1914. He never remarried. His eldest son, Louis, was killed while serving as a flier in World War I, and his youngest, Peter, a captain of the Royal Marines, died during World War-II. Belloc made his home with his elder daughter, Mrs. Eleanor Jebb, wife of a member of Parliament, in Horsham, Sussex. Besides Eleanor, he had another daughter, Elizabeth, a poet, as-well as another son, Hilary, who lives in Canada. Belloc's sister, Mrs. Marie Belloc Lowndes, also a noted British writer, died in 1947.

 

By Pope Pius XI, Belloc was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Gregory the Great in 1934 for his services to Catholicism as a writer. In the same year, his alma- mater, Oxford, conferred upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts. He shared with the then British Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, the distinction of being the only persons to have their portraits hung in the National Portrait Gallery while they were alive.

 

Mr. Belloc visited the United States on many occasions. In 1937 he served as a visiting Professor of History at the Graduate School of Fordham University in New York. From the matter of these lectures came his book, The Crisis of Civilization.

 

A prolific writer, he was the author of 153 books of essays, fiction, history, biography, poetry and light verse as well as a vast amount of periodical literature. He was largely responsible for G. K. Chesterton's conversion to Catholicism, and the two of them became ranked as not only among England's greatest writers but as the most brilliant lay expounders of Catholic doctrine. The two were also close friends and frequent collaborators, especially on the magazine which came to be known as G. K's. Weekly, and in which they came to wage many a valiant crusade together. As a critic noted: "To Hilaire Belloc this generation owes big glimpses of the Homeric spirit. His mission is to flay alive the humbugs and hypocrites and the pedants and to chant robust folk-songs to the naked stars of the English world to a rousing obligato of clinking flagons."

 

Because of his antagonism to many British sacred cows and his free and caustic criticism of them, he was not a wholly popular man in England. Nor did his espousal of the Franco cause against the Communists during the Spanish civil war add to his popularity there. But Belloc had never been a man to purchase popularity at the price of integrity.

 

Just four days before his eighty-third birthday, while dozing before the fireplace in his daughter's home, he fell into the flames and was so badly burned that he died in hospital at Guildford, Surrey, soon afterward on July 16, 1953.

 

Despite his own prediction to the contrary, his place in English letters is forever secure, primarily as a poet and as the author of The Path to Rome.

NISSAN GT-R

 

Specifications

 

Engine

• VR-series twin-turbocharged 3.8-liter V6.

• 480 hp @ 6,800 rpm. 430 lb-ft torque @ 3,200–5,200 rpm.

• Dual overhead camshafts with variable intake-valve timing.

• Cast aluminum cylinder block with high-endurance/low-friction plasma-sprayed bores.

• IHI twin turbochargers, one per cylinder bank.

• Pressurized lubrication system with thermostatically controlled cooling.

 

Drivetrain

• ATTESA ET-S All-Wheel Drive (AWD) with independent rear-mounted transaxle integrating transmission, differential and AWD transfer case.

• Rigid, lightweight carbon-composite driveshaft between engine and transaxle.

• Electronic traction control plus 1.5-way mechanically locking rear differential.

• Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC-R) with three driver-selectable settings: Normal (for daily driving, controls brakes and engine output), R-Mode (for ultimate performance, utilizes AWD torque distribution for additional vehicle stability) and Off (driver does not want the help of the system).

• Hill Start Assist prevents rollback when starting on an incline.

DisclaimerVDC-R cannot prevent accidents due to abrupt steering, carelessness, or dangerous driving techniques. Always drive safely.

 

Transmission

• 6-speed Dual Clutch Transmission with three driver-selectable modes: Normal (for maximum smoothness and efficiency), Snow (for gentler starting and shifting on slippery surfaces), and R mode (for maximum performance with fastest shifts).

• Fully automatic shifting or full sequential manual control via gearshift or steering wheel-mounted paddle shifters.

• Dual clutch design changes gears in less than 0.5 second (0.2 second in R mode).

• Downshift Rev Matching (DRM).

• Predictive pre-shift control (in R mode) based on throttle position, vehicle speed, braking and other information.

 

Wheels and Tires

• 20 x 9.5" (front) and 20 x 10.5" (rear) super-lightweight forged-aluminum wheels with Gunmetal Gray finish.

• Exclusively developed nitrogen-filled Bridgestone® RE070A high-capacity run-flat summer tires, 255/40R20 front and 285/35R20 rear.

• Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS).

• Optional exclusively developed nitrogen-filled Dunlop® run-flat all-season tires, 255/40R20 front and 285/35R20 rear (includes Bright Silver wheels).

 

Brakes

• Brembo® 4-wheel disc brakes with 4-wheel Antilock Braking System (ABS), Brake Assist, Electronic Brakeforce Distribution and Preview Braking.

• Two-piece floating-rotor 15-inch front and rear discs with diamond-pattern internal ventilation.

• 6-piston front/4-piston rear monoblock calipers.

 

Steering

• Rack-and-pinion steering with vehicle-speed-sensitive power assist.

• 2.6 steering-wheel turns lock-to-lock.

 

Suspension

• 4-wheel independent suspension with Bilstein® DampTronic system with three driver-selectable modes: Normal/Sport (for automatic electronic control of damping), Comfort (for maximum ride comfort), and R mode (engages maximum damping rate for high-performance cornering).

• Electronically controlled variable-rate shock absorbers. High-accuracy progressive-rate coil springs.

• Front double-wishbone/rear multi-link configuration with aluminum members and rigid aluminum subframes.

• Hollow front and rear stabilizer bars.

 

Body/Chassis

• Exclusive Premium Midship platform with jig-welded hybrid unibody.

• Aluminum hood, trunk and door skins. Die-cast aluminum door structures.

• Carbon-reinforced front crossmember/radiator support.

Back to Top

 

Standard Features

 

Exterior

• Wide-beam headlights with High Intensity Discharge (HID) low beams.

• LED taillights and brake lights.

• Dual heated power mirrors.

• Flush-mounted aluminum door handles.

• Body-color rear spoiler with integrated center high-mounted stop light.

• UV-reducing tinted glass.

 

Audio/Navigation/Performance Monitor

• Digital Bose® audio system with AM/FM/in-dash 6-CD changer and 11 speakers including dual subwoofers.

• HDD Music Box system, including hard drive with 9.4 GB for audio storage.

• MP3, WMA and DVD audio capable. In-dash Compact Flash card reader.

• HDD-based GPS navigation with touch screen.

• Driver-configurable performance monitor, developed with Sony® Polyphony, with graphical readouts of vehicle data and driving data displayed on a total of 11 screens.

• 7-inch WVGA high-resolution color-LCD display for audio, navigation and performance monitor.

 

Interior

• Automatic Temperature Control (ATC).

• Electronic analog instrument cluster with multi-function trip computer and digital gear indicator.

• Power front windows with one-touch auto-up/down feature.

• Intelligent Key system with pushbutton start. Power door locks.

• Cruise control.

• Tilt/telescoping steering column.

• Bluetooth® Hands-free phone system with voice recognition.

 

Seating/Appointments

• Leather upholstered front seats with perforated Alcantara inserts.

• 8-way power front seats with entry/exit switch for rear-seat passengers.

• Driver-shaped bucket seat.

• Dual individual rear seats.

• Heated front seats.

• Leather-wrapped steering wheel and shift knob.

• Drilled aluminum pedals.

 

Safety/Security

• Nissan Advanced Air Bag System (AABS) with dual-stage supplemental front air bags, seat belt sensors and occupant-classification sensor.

• Driver and front-passenger side-impact supplemental air bags and roof-mounted curtain supplemental air bags.

• Front seat belts with pretensioners and load limiters.

• Nissan Vehicle Immobilizer System.

• Vehicle Security System.

   

Collaboration beetween Biennalist and Ultracontemporay

 

Art Format

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

  

Documenta From Wikipedia,

 

The Fridericianum during documenta (13)

documenta is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. It was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time.[1] It was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism.[2] This first documenta featured many artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent documentas feature art from all continents; nonetheless most of it is site-specific.

 

Every documenta is limited to 100 days of exhibition, which is why it is often referred to as the "museum of 100 days".[3] Documenta is not a selling exhibition. It rarely coincides with the three other major art world events: the Venice Biennale, Art Basel and Skulptur Projekte Münster, but in 2017, all four were open simultaneously.

  

Etymology of documenta

The name of the exhibition is an invented word. The term is supposed to demonstrate the intention of every exhibition (in particular of the first documenta in 1955) to be a documentation of modern art which was not available for the German public during the Nazi era. Rumour spread from those close to Arnold Bode that it was relevant for the coinage of the term that the Latin word documentum could be separated into docere (Latin for teach) and mens (Latin for intellect) and therefore thought it to be a good word to describe the intention and the demand of the documenta.[4]

 

Each edition of documenta has commissioned its own visual identity, most of which have conformed to the typographic style of solely using lowercase letters, which originated at the Bauhaus.[5]

 

History

 

Stadtverwaldung by Joseph Beuys, oaktree in front of the museum Fridericianum, documenta 7

Art professor and designer Arnold Bode from Kassel was the initiator of the first documenta. Originally planned as a secondary event to accompany the Bundesgartenschau, this attracted more than 130,000 visitors in 1955. The exhibition centred less on "contemporary art“, that is art made after 1945: instead, Bode wanted to show the public works which had been known as "Entartete Kunst" in Germany during the Nazi era: Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Blauer Reiter, Futurism and Pittura Metafisica. Therefore, abstract art, in particular the abstract paintings of the 1920s and 1930s, was the focus of interest in this exhibition.

 

Over time, the focus shifted to contemporary art. At first, the show was limited to works from Europe, but soon covered works by artists from the Americas, Africa and Asia. 4. documenta, the first ever to turn a profit, featured a selection of Pop Art, Minimal Art, and Kinetic Art.[6] Adopting the theme of Questioning Reality – Pictorial Worlds Today, the 1972 documenta radically redefined what could be considered art by featuring minimal and conceptual art, marking a turning point in the public acceptance of those styles.[7] Also, it devoted a large section to the work of Adolf Wolfli, the great Swiss outsider, then unknown. Joseph Beuys performed repeatedly under the auspices of his utopian Organization for Direct Democracy.[8] Additionally, the 1987 documenta show signaled another important shift with the elevation of design to the realm of art – showing an openness to postmodern design.[9] Certain key political dates for wide-reaching social and cultural upheavals, such as 1945, 1968 or 1976/77, became chronological markers of documenta X (1997), along which art's political, social, cultural and aesthetic exploratory functions were traced.[10] Documenta11 was organized around themes like migration, urbanization and the post-colonial experience,[11] with documentary photography, film and video as well as works from far-flung locales holding the spotlight.[7] In 2012, documenta (13) was described as "[a]rdently feminist, global and multimedia in approach and including works by dead artists and selected bits of ancient art".[12]

 

Criticism

documenta typically gives its artists at least two years to conceive and produce their projects, so the works are often elaborate and intellectually complex.[13] However, the participants are often not publicised before the very opening of the exhibition. At documenta (13), the official list of artists was not released until the day the show opened.[14] Even though curators have often claimed to have gone outside the art market in their selection, participants have always included established artists. In the documenta (13), for example, art critic Jerry Saltz identified more than a third of the artists represented by the renowned Marian Goodman Gallery in the show.[14]

 

Directors

The first four documentas, organized by Arnold Bode, established the exhibition's international credentials. Since the fifth documenta (1972), a new artistic director has been named for each documenta exhibition by a committee of experts. Documenta 8 was put together in two years instead of the usual five. The original directors, Edy de Wilde and Harald Szeemann, were unable to get along and stepped down. They were replaced by Manfred Schneckenburger, Edward F. Fry, Wulf Herzogenrath, Armin Zweite, and Vittorio Fagone.[15] Coosje van Bruggen helped select artists for documenta 7, the 1982 edition. documenta IX's team of curators consisted of Jan Hoet, Piero Luigi Tazzi, Denys Zacharopoulos, and Bart de Baere.[16] For documenta X Catherine David was chosen as the first woman and the first non-German speaker to hold the post. It is also the first and unique time that its website Documenta x was conceived by a curator (swiss curator Simon Lamunière) as a part of the exhibition. The first non-European director was Okwui Enwezor for Documenta11.[17]

  

TitleDateDirectorExhibitorsExhibitsVisitors

documenta16 July – 18 September 1955Arnold Bode148670130,000

II. documenta11 July – 11 October 1959Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3381770134,000

documenta III27 June – 5 October 1964Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3611450200,000

4. documenta27 June – 6 October 196824-strong documenta council1511000220,000

documenta 530 June – 8 October 1972Harald Szeemann218820228,621

documenta 624 June – 2 October 1977Manfred Schneckenburger6222700343,410

documenta 719 June – 28 September 1982Rudi Fuchs1821000378,691

documenta 812 June – 20 September 1987Manfred Schneckenburger150600474,417

documenta IX12 June – 20 September 1992Jan Hoet1891000603,456

documenta X21 June – 28 September 1997Catherine David120700628,776

documenta118 June – 15 September 2002Okwui Enwezor118450650,924

documenta 1216 June – 23 September 2007Roger M. Buergel/Ruth Noack[19]114over 500754,301

documenta (13)9 June – 16 September 2012Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev187[20]904,992[21]

documenta 148 April – 16 July 2017 in Athens, Greece;

10 June – 17 September 2017 in KasselAdam Szymczykmore than 1601500339.000 in Athens

891.500 in Kassel

documenta fifteen18 June 2022 – 25 September 2022 in Kasselruangrupa[22]

2012's edition was organized around a central node, the trans-Atlantic melding of two distinct individuals who first encountered each other in the "money-soaked deserts of the United Arab Emirates". As an organizing principle it is simultaneously a commentary on the romantic potentials of globalization and also a critique of how digital platforms can complicate or interrogate the nature of such relationships. Curatorial agents refer to the concept as possessing a "fricative potential for productive awkwardness," wherein a twosome is formed for the purposes of future exploration.[23]

 

Venues

documenta is held in different venues in Kassel. Since 1955, the fixed venue has been the Fridericianum. The documenta-Halle was built in 1992 for documenta IX and now houses some of the exhibitions. Other venues used for documenta have included the Karlsaue park, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, the Neue Galerie, the Ottoneum, and the Kulturzentrum Schlachthof. Though Okwui Enezor notably tried to subvert the euro-centric approach documenta had taken, he instigated a series of five platforms before the Documenta11 in Vienna, Berlin, New Delhi, St Lucia, and Lagos, in an attempt to take documenta into a new post-colonial, borderless space, from which experimental cultures could emerge. documenta 12 occupied five locations, including the Fridericianum, the Wilhelmshöhe castle park and the specially constructed "Aue-Pavillon", or meadow pavilion, designed by French firm Lacaton et Vassal.[24] At documenta (13) (2012), about a fifth of the works were unveiled in places like Kabul, Afghanistan, and Banff, Canada.[13]

 

There are also a number of works that are usually presented outside, most notably in Friedrichsplatz, in front of the Fridericianum, and the Karlsaue park. To handle the number of artworks at documenta IX, five connected temporary "trailers" in glass and corrugated metal were built in the Karlsaue.[25] For documenta (13), French architects Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal constructed the temporary "Aue-Pavillon" in the park.

  

Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus Rucker und Co.

A few of the works exhibited at various documentas remained as purchases in Kassel museums. They include 7000 Eichen by Joseph Beuys; Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus-Rucker-Co; Laserscape Kassel (1977) by Horst H. Baumann; Traumschiff Tante Olga (1977) by Anatol Herzfeld; Vertikaler Erdkilometer by Walter De Maria; Spitzhacke (1982) by Claes Oldenburg; Man walking to the sky (1992) by Jonathan Borofsky; and Fremde by Thomas Schütte (one part of the sculptures are installed on Rotes Palais at Friedrichsplatz, the other on the roof of the Concert Hall in Lübeck).

 

documenta archive

The extensive volume of material that is regularly generated on the occasion of this exhibition prompted Arnold Bode to create an archive in 1961. The heart of the archive’s collection comes from the files and materials of the documenta organization. A continually expanding video and image archive is also part of the collection as are the independently organized bequests of Arnold Bode and artist Harry Kramer.

 

Management

Visitors

In 1992, on the occasion of documenta IX, for the first time in the history of the documenta, more than half a million people traveled to Kassel.[26] The 2002 edition of documenta attracted 650,000 visitors, more than triple Kassel's population.[27] In 2007, documenta 12 drew 754,000 paying visitors, with more than one-third of the visitors coming from abroad and guests from neighboring Netherlands, France, Belgium and Austria among the most numerous.[28] In 2012, documenta (13) had 904,992 visitors.[21]

 

References

Adrian Searle (June 11, 2012), "Documenta 13: Mysteries in the mountain of mud", The Guardian.

Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.

Arnold Bode coined this phrase for the first time in the prologue of the first volume of the catalogue: documenta III. Internationale Ausstellung; Catalogue: Volume 1: Painting and Sculpture; Volume 2: Sketches; Volume 3: Industrial Design, Print; Kassel/Köln 1964; p. XIX

Kimpel, Harald: documenta, Mythos und Wirklichkeit. Köln 1997, ISBN 3-7701-4182-2

Alice Rawsthorn (June 3, 2012), A Symbol Is Born The New York Times.

The documenta IV Exhibition in Kassel (1968) German History in Documents and Images (GHDI).

Helen Chang (June 22, 2007), "Catching the Next Wave In Art at Documenta", The Wall Street Journal.

Roberta Smith (September 7, 2007), "Documenta 5" The New York Times.

Gimeno-Martinez, Javier; Verlinden, Jasmijn (2010). "From Museum of Decorative Arts to Design Museum: The Case of the Design museum Gent". Design and Culture. 2 (3).

dX 1997 Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.

Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale The New York Times.

Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.

Kelly Crow (June 8, 2012), A Party, Every Five Years, for 750,000 Guests The Wall Street Journal.

Jerry Saltz (June 15, 2012), Jerry Saltz: "Eleven Things That Struck, Irked, or Awed Me at Documenta 13" New York Magazine.

Michael Brenson (June 15, 1987), "Documenta 8, Exhibition In West Germany", The New York Times.

Michael Kimmelman (July 5, 1992) "At Documenta, It's Survival Of the Loudest", The New York Times.

Jackie Wullschlager (May 19, 2012) Vertiginous doubt Financial Times.

Julia Halperin, Gareth Harris (July 18, 2014) How much are curators really paid? Archived July 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.

Holland Cotter (22 June 2007). "Asking Serious Questions in a Very Quiet Voice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-08-29.

Ulrike Knöfel (8 June 2012). "What the 13th Documenta Wants You to See". Der Spiegel.

"904,992 people visit documenta (13) in Kassel". documenta und Museum Fridericianum Veranstaltungs-GmbH. 16 September 2012. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2013.

Russeth, Andrew (2019-02-22). "Ruangrupa Artist Collective Picked to Curate Documenta 15". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2020-01-05.

"In Germany, Disguising Documentary As Art". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2015-09-28.

Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale International Herald Tribune.

Roberta Smith (June 22, 1992), A Small Show Within an Enormous One The New York Times.

d9 1992 Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.

Adrian Searle (June 19, 2007), 100 days of ineptitude The Guardian.

Catherine Hickley (September 24, 2007), "Documenta Contemporary Art Show Draws Record 754,000 to Kassel", Bloomberg.

Carly Berwick (May 17, 2007), "Documenta 'Mystery' Artists Are Revealed; Buzz Strategy Fizzles", Bloomberg.

Rachel Donado (April 5, 2017), German Art Exhibition Documenta Expands Into Athens, The New York Times.

Catherine Hickley (November 27, 2017), Documenta manager to leave post after budget overruns The Art Newspaper.

Further reading

Hickley, Catherine (2021-06-18). "This Show Sets the Direction of Art. Its Past Mirrored a Changing World". The New York Times.

Nancy Marmer, "Documenta 8: The Social Dimension?" Art in America, vol. 75, September 1987, pp. 128–138, 197–199.

 

other biennales :

Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale

Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art

 

www.emergencyrooms.org

www.emergencyrooms.org

  

www.colonel.dk/

 

lumbung

Short concept by ruangrupa for documenta 15

"We want to create a globally oriented, cooperative, interdisciplinary art and culture platform that will remain effective beyond the 100 days of documenta fifteen. Our curatorial approach aims at a different kind of collaborative model of resource use—economically, but also in terms of ideas, knowledge, programs, and innovation."

  

ruangrupa’s central curatorial approach for documenta fifteen is based on the principles of collectivity, resource building, and equal sharing. They aim to appeal not just to an art audience but to a variety of communities, and to promote local commitment and participation. Their approach is based on an international network of local, community-based organizations from the art and other cultural contexts and can be outlined by the Indonesian term lumbung. lumbung, directly translatable as “rice barn,” is a collective pot or accumulation system used in rural areas of Indonesia, where crops produced by a community are stored as a future shared common resource and distributed according to jointly determind criteria. Using lumbung as a model, documenta fifteen is a collective resource pot, operating under the logics of the commons. It is an agglomeration of ideas, stories, (wo)manpower, time, and other shareable resources. At the center of lumbung is the imagination and the building of these collective, shared resources into new models of sustainable ideas and cultural practices. This will be fostered by residencies, assemblies, public activities, and the development of tools.

 

Interdisciplinarity is key in this process. It is where art meets activism, management, and networking to gather support, understand environments, and identify local resources. These elements then create actions and spaces, intertwine social relations and transactions; they slowly grow and organically find a public form. This is a strategy “to live in and with society.” It imagines the relations an art institution has with its community by being an active constituent of it. Strategies are then developed based on proximity and shared desires.

 

The main principles of the process are:

• Providing space to gather and explore ideas

• Collective decision making

• Non-centralization

• Playing between formalities and informalities

• Practicing assembly and meeting points

• Architectural awareness

• Being spatially active to promote conversation

• A melting pot for and from everyone’s thoughts, energies, and ideas

  

#documentakassel

#documenta

#documenta15

#artformat

#formatart

#rundebate

#thierrygeoffroy

#Colonel

#CriticalRun

#venicebiennale

#documentafifteen

#formatart

#documentacritic

#biennalist

#ultracontemporary art

protestart

   

See the Savannah River Bluffs Heritage Preserve in an interactive view (requires shockwave - a free, one-time, automatic download).

 

Camera: Nikon D100

Lense: AF-S DX Nikkor 18-70 mm f/3.5-4.5G IF-ED

Tripod: Manfrotto

Tripod head: Manfrotto 322RC2 Tripod Head with Nodal Ninja

Photos: 9 + 9 + 9 + 2 = 29 photos (three rows plus zenith and nadir)

Software: Stitched with PTGui (but warped with Panorama Tools); Blended with Enblend plugin; No photoshop

Original Image: 10,000 x 5,000 pixels; 27.5 MB

Location: Google Earth (requires Google Earth) | Street | Satellite | Hybrid | Nautical | Topo

traveladventureeverywhere.blogspot.com/2019/06/istra-town...

 

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ALBANIA

 

Albanian Trilogy: A Series of Devious Stratagems

 

Armando Lulaj

 

Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marco Scotini. Deputy Curator: Andris Brinkmanis. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale

 

ANDORRA

 

Inner Landscapes

 

Roqué, Joan Xandri

 

Commissioner: Henry Périer. Deputy Commissioner: Joana Baygual, Sebastià Petit, Francesc Rodríguez

 

Curator: Paolo de Grandis, Josep M. Ubach. Venue: Spiazzi, Castello 3865

 

ANGOLA

 

On Ways of Travelling

 

António Ole, Binelde Hyrcan, Délio Jasse, Francisco Vidal, Nelo Teixeira

 

Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Rita Guedes Tavares. Curator: António Ole. Deputy Curator: Antonia Gaeta. Venue: Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello - Palazzo Pisani, San Marco 2810

 

ARGENTINA

 

The Uprising of Form

 

Juan Carlos Diste´fano

 

Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace. Curator: Mari´a Teresa Constantin. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi

 

ARMENIA, Republic of

 

Armenity / Haiyutioun

 

Haig Aivazian, Lebanon; Nigol Bezjian, Syria/USA; Anna Boghiguian Egypt/Canada; Hera Büyüktasçiyan, Turkey; Silvina Der-Meguerditchian, Argentina/Germany; Rene Gabri & Ayreen Anastas, Iran/Palestine/USA; Mekhitar Garabedian, Belgium; Aikaterini Gegisian, Greece; Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Italy; Aram Jibilian, USA; Nina Katchadourian, USA/Finland; Melik Ohanian, France; Mikayel Ohanjanyan, Armenia/Italy; Rosana Palazyan, Brazil; Sarkis, Turkey/France; Hrair Sarkissian, Syria/UK

 

Commissioner: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Armenia. Deputy Commissioner: Art for the World, Mekhitarist Congregation of San Lazzaro Island, Embassy of the Republic of Armenia in Italy, Vartan Karapetian. Curator: Adelina Cüberyan von Fürstenberg. Venue: Monastery and Island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni

 

AUSTRALIA

 

Fiona Hall: Wrong Way Time

 

Fiona Hall

 

Commissioner: Simon Mordant AM. Deputy Commissioner: Charles Green. Curator: Linda Michael. Scientific Committee: Simon Mordant AM, Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Max Delany, Rachel Kent, Danie Mellor, Suhanya Raffel, Leigh Robb. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

AUSTRIA

 

Heimo Zobernig

 

Commissioner: Yilmaz Dziewior. Curator: Yilmaz Dziewior. Scientific Committee: Friends of the Venice Biennale. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

AZERBAIJAN, Republic of

 

Beyond the Line

 

Ashraf Murad, Javad Mirjavadov, Tofik Javadov, Rasim Babayev, Fazil Najafov, Huseyn Hagverdi, Shamil Najafzada

 

Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: de Pury de Pury, Emin Mammadov. Venue: Palazzo Lezze, Campo S.Stefano, San Marco 2949

 

Vita Vitale

 

Edward Burtynsky, Mircea Cantor, Loris Cecchini, Gordon Cheung, Khalil Chishtee, Tony Cragg, Laura Ford, Noemie Goudal, Siobhán Hapaska, Paul Huxley, IDEA laboratory and Leyla Aliyeva, Chris Jordan with Rebecca Clark and Helena S.Eitel, Tania Kovats, Aida Mahmudova, Sayyora Muin, Jacco Olivier, Julian Opie, Julian Perry, Mike Perry, Bas Princen, Stephanie Quayle, Ugo Rondinone, Graham Stevens, Diana Thater, Andy Warhol, Bill Woodrow, Erwin Wurm, Rose Wylie

 

Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: Artwise: Susie Allen, Laura Culpan, Dea Vanagan. Venue: Ca’ Garzoni, San Marco 3416

 

BELARUS, Republic of

 

War Witness Archive

 

Konstantin Selikhanov

 

Commissioner: Natallia Sharanhovich. Deputy Commissioners: Alena Vasileuskaya, Kamilia Yanushkevich. Curators: Aleksei Shinkarenko, Olga Rybchinskaya. Scientific Committee: Dmitry Korol, Daria Amelkovich, Julia Kondratyuk, Sergei Jeihala, Sheena Macfarlane, Yuliya Heisik, Hanna Samarskaya, Taras Kaliahin, Aliaksandr Stasevich. Venue: Riva San Biagio, Castello 2145

 

BELGIUM

 

Personnes et les autres

 

Vincent Meessen and Guests, Mathieu K. Abonnenc, Sammy Baloji, James Beckett, Elisabetta Benassi, Patrick Bernier & Olive Martin, Tamar Guimara~es & Kasper Akhøj, Maryam Jafri, Adam Pendleton

 

Commissioner: Wallonia-Brussels Federation and Wallonia-Brussels International. Curator: Katerina Gregos. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

COSTA RICA

 

"Costa Rica, Paese di pace, invita a un linguaggio universale d'intesa tra i popoli".

 

Andrea Prandi, Beatrice Gallori, Beth Parin, Biagio Schembari, Carla Castaldo, Celestina Avanzini, Cesare Berlingeri, Erminio Tansini, Fabio Capitanio, Fausto Beretti, Giovan Battista Pedrazzini, Giovanni Lamberti, Giovanni Tenga, Iana Zanoskar, Jim Prescott, Leonardo Beccegato, Liliana Scocco, Lucia Bolzano, Marcela Vicuna, Marco Bellagamba, Marco Lodola, Maria Gioia dell’Aglio, Mario Bernardinello, Massimo Meucci, Nacha Piattini, Omar Ronda, Renzo Eusebi, Tita Patti, Romina Power, Rubens Fogacci, Silvio di Pietro, Stefano Sichel, Tino Stefanoni, Ufemia Ritz, Ugo Borlenghi, Umberto Mariani, Venere Chillemi, Jacqueline Gallicot Madar, Massimo Onnis, Fedora Spinelli

 

Commissioner: Ileana Ordonez Chacon. Curator: Gregorio Rossi. Venue: Palazzo Bollani

 

CROATIA

 

Studies on Shivering: The Third Degree

 

Damir Ocko

 

Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marc Bembekoff. Venue: Palazzo Pisani, S. Marina

 

CUBA

 

El artista entre la individualidad y el contexto

 

Lida Abdul, Celia-Yunior, Grethell Rasúa, Giuseppe Stampone, LinYilin, Luis Edgardo Gómez Armenteros, Olga Chernysheva, Susana Pilar Delahante Matienzo

 

Commissioner: Miria Vicini. Curators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza. Venue: San Servolo Island

 

CYPRUS, Republic of

 

Two Days After Forever

 

Christodoulos Panayiotou

 

Commissioner: Louli Michaelidou. Deputy Commissioner: Angela Skordi. Curator: Omar Kholeif. Deputy Curator: Daniella Rose King. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, Sestiere San Marco 3079

 

CZECH Republic and SLOVAK Republic

 

Apotheosis

 

Jirí David

 

Commissioner: Adam Budak. Deputy Commissioner: Barbara Holomkova. Curator: Katarina Rusnakova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

ECUADOR

 

Gold Water: Apocalyptic Black Mirrors

 

Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla in collaboration with Lucia Vallarino Peet

 

Commissioner: Andrea Gonzàlez Sanchez. Deputy Commissioner: PDG Arte Communications. Curator: Ileana Cornea. Deputy Curator: Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla. Venue: Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello 3701

 

ESTONIA

 

NSFW. From the Abyss of History

 

Jaanus Samma

 

Commissioner: Maria Arusoo. Curator: Eugenio Viola. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, campo San Samuele, San Marco 3199

 

EGYPT

 

CAN YOU SEE

 

Ahmed Abdel Fatah, Gamal Elkheshen, Maher Dawoud

 

Commissioner: Hany Al Ashkar. Curator: Ministry of Culture. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

FINLAND (Pavilion Alvar Aalto)

 

Hours, Years, Aeons

 

IC-98

 

Commissioner: Frame Visual Art Finland, Raija Koli. Curator: Taru Elfving. Deputy Curator: Anna Virtanen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

FRANCE

 

revolutions

 

Céleste Boursier-Mougenot

 

Commissioner: Institut français, with Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Curator: Emma Lavigne. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

GEORGIA

 

Crawling Border

 

Rusudan Gobejishvili Khizanishvili, Irakli Bluishvili, Dimitri Chikvaidze, Joseph Sabia

 

Commissioner: Ana Riaboshenko. Curator: Nia Mgaloblishvili. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi

 

GERMANY

 

Fabrik

 

Jasmina Metwaly / Philip Rizk, Olaf Nicolai, Hito Steyerl, Tobias Zielony

 

Commissioner: ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) on behalf of the Federal Foreign Office. Deputy Commissioner: Elke aus dem Moore, Nina Hülsmeier. Curator: Florian Ebner. Deputy Curator: Tanja Milewsky, Ilina Koralova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

GREAT BRITAIN

 

Sarah Lucas

 

Commissioner: Emma Dexter. Curator: Richard Riley. Deputy Curator: Katrina Schwarz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

GRENADA *

 

Present Nearness

 

Oliver Benoit, Maria McClafferty, Asher Mains, Francesco Bosso and Carmine Ciccarini, Guiseppe Linardi

 

Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: Susan Mains. Curator: Susan Mains. Deputy Curator: Francesco Elisei. Venue: Opera don Orione Artigianelli, Sala Tiziano, Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Gesuati, Dorsoduro 919

 

GREECE

 

Why Look at Animals? AGRIMIKÁ.

 

Maria Papadimitriou

 

Commissioner: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Education and Religious Affairs. Curator: Gabi Scardi. Deputy Curator: Alexios Papazacharias. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

BRAZIL

 

So much that it doesn't fit here

 

Antonio Manuel, André Komatsu, Berna Reale

 

Commissioner: Luis Terepins. Curator: Luiz Camillo Osorio. Deputy Curator: Cauê Alves. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

CANADA

 

Canadassimo

 

BGL

 

Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Marc Mayer. Deputy Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Yves Théoret. Curator: Marie Fraser. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

CHILE

 

Poéticas de la disidencia | Poetics of dissent: Paz Errázuriz - Lotty Rosenfeld

 

Paz Errázuriz, Lotty Rosenfeld

 

Commissioner: Antonio Arèvalo. Deputy Commissioner: Juan Pablo Vergara Undurraga. Curator: Nelly Richard. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie

 

CHINA, People’s Republic of

 

Other Future

 

LIU Jiakun, LU Yang, TAN Dun, WEN Hui/Living Dance Studio, WU Wenguang/Caochangdi Work Station

 

Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group, CAEG. Deputy Commissioners: Zhang Yu, Yan Dong. Curator: Beijing Contemporary Art Foundation. Scientific Committee: Fan Di’an, Zhang Zikang, Zhu Di, Gao Shiming, Zhu Qingsheng, Pu Tong, Shang Hui. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Giardino delle Vergini

 

GUATEMALA

 

Sweet Death

 

Emma Anticoli Borza, Sabrina Bertolelli, Mariadolores Castellanos, Max Leiva, Pier Domenico Magri, Adriana Montalto, Elmar Rojas (Elmar René Rojas Azurdia), Paolo Schmidlin, Mónica Serra, Elsie Wunderlich, Collettivo La Grande Bouffe

 

Commissioner: Daniele Radini Tedeschi. Curators: Stefania Pieralice, Carlo Marraffa, Elsie Wunderlich. Deputy Curators: Luciano Carini, Simone Pieralice. Venue: Officina delle Zattere, Dorsoduro 947, Fondamenta Nani

 

HOLY SEE

 

Commissioner: Em.mo Card. Gianfranco Ravasi, Presidente del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi

 

HUNGARY

 

Sustainable Identities

 

Szilárd Cseke

 

Commissioner: Monika Balatoni. Deputy Commissioner: István Puskás, Sándor Fodor, Anna Karády. Curator: Kinga German. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

 

ICELAND

 

Christoph Büchel

 

Commissioner: Björg Stefánsdóttir. Curator: Nína Magnúsdóttir. Venue: to be confirmed

 

INDONESIA, Republic of

 

Komodo Voyage

 

Heri Dono

 

Commissioner: Sapta Nirwandar. Deputy Commissioner: Soedarmadji JH Damais. Curator: Carla Bianpoen, Restu Imansari Kusumaningrum. Scientific Committee: Franco Laera, Asmudjo Jono Irianto, Watie Moerany, Elisabetta di Mambro. Venue: Venue: Arsenale

 

IRAN

 

Iranian Highlights

 

Samira Alikhanzaradeh, Mahmoud Bakhshi Moakhar, Jamshid Bayrami, Mohammed Ehsai

 

The Great Game

 

Lida Abdul, Bani Abidi, Adel Abidin, Amin Agheai, Ghodratollah Agheli, Shahriar Ahmadi, Parastou Ahovan, Farhad Ahrarnia, Rashad Alakbarov, Nazgol Ansarinia, Reza Aramesh, Alireza Astaneh, Sonia Balassanian, Mahmoud Bakhshi, Moakhar Wafaa Bilal, Mehdi Farhadian, Monir Farmanfarmaian, Shadi Ghadirian, Babak Golkar, Shilpa Gupta, Ghasem Hajizadeh, Shamsia Hassani, Sahand Hesamiyan, Sitara Ibrahimova, Pouran Jinchi, Amar Kanwar, Babak Kazemi, Ryas Komu, Ahmad Morshedloo, Farhad Moshiri, Mehrdad Mohebali, Huma Mulji, Azad Nanakeli, Jamal Penjweny, Imran Qureshi, Sara Rahbar, Rashid Rana, T.V. Santhosh, Walid Siti, Mohsen Taasha Wahidi, Mitra Tabrizian, Parviz Tanavoli, Newsha Tavakolian, Sadegh Tirafkan, Hema Upadhyay, Saira Wasim

 

Commissioner: Majid Mollanooruzi. Deputy Commissioners: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Curators: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Venue: Calle San Giovanni 1074/B, Cannaregio

 

IRAQ

 

Commissioner: Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture in Iraq (RUYA). Deputy Commissioner: Nuova Icona - Associazione Culturale per le Arti. Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren. Venue: Ca' Dandolo, San Polo 2879

 

IRELAND

 

Adventure: Capital

 

Sean Lynch

 

Commissioner: Mike Fitzpatrick. Curator: Woodrow Kernohan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie

 

ISRAEL

 

Tsibi Geva | Archeology of the Present

 

Tsibi Geva

 

Commissioner: Arad Turgem, Michael Gov. Curator: Hadas Maor. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

ITALY

 

Ministero dei Beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo - Direzione Generale Arte e Architettura Contemporanee e Periferie Urbane. Commissioner: Federica Galloni. Curator: Vincenzo Trione. Venue: Padiglione Italia, Tese delle Vergini at Arsenale

   

JAPAN

 

The Key in the Hand

 

Chiharu Shiota

 

Commissioner: The Japan Foundation. Deputy Commissioner: Yukihiro Ohira, Manako Kawata and Haruka Nakajima. Curator: Hitoshi Nakano. Venue : Pavilion at Giardini

   

KENYA

 

Creating Identities

 

Yvonne Apiyo Braendle-Amolo, Qin Feng, Shi Jinsong, Armando Tanzini, Li Zhanyang, Lan Zheng Hui, Li Gang, Double Fly Art Center

 

Commissioner: Paola Poponi. Curator: Sandro Orlandi Stagl. Deputy Curator: Ding Xuefeng. Venue: San Servolo Island

   

KOREA, Republic of

 

The Ways of Folding Space & Flying

 

MOON Kyungwon & JEON Joonho

 

Commissioner: Sook-Kyung Lee. Curator: Sook-Kyung Lee. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

KOSOVO, Republic of

 

Speculating on the blue

 

Flaka Haliti

 

Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. Curator: Nicolaus Schafhausen. Deputy Curator: Katharina Schendl. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie

   

LATVIA

 

Armpit

 

Katrina Neiburga, Andris Eglitis

 

Commissioner: Solvita Krese (Latvian Centre for Contemporary Art). Deputy Commissioner: Kitija Vasiljeva. Curator: Kaspars Vanags. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale

   

LITHUANIA

 

Museum

 

Dainius Liškevicius

 

Commissioner: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Deputy Commissioner: Rasa Antanaviciute. Curator: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Venue: Palazzo Zenobio, Fondamenta del Soccorso 2569, Dorsoduro

   

LUXEMBOURG, Grand Duchy of

 

Paradiso Lussemburgo

 

Filip Markiewicz

 

Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: MUDAM Luxembourg. Curator: Paul Ardenne. Venue: Cà Del Duca, Corte del Duca Sforza, San Marco 3052

   

MACEDONIA, Former Yugoslavian Republic of

 

We are all in this alone

 

Hristina Ivanoska and Yane Calovski

 

Commissioner: Maja Nedelkoska Brzanova, National Gallery of Macedonia. Deputy Commissioner: Olivija Stoilkova. Curator: Basak Senova. Deputy Curator: Maja Cankulovska Mihajlovska. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Sale d’Armi

   

MAURITIUS *

 

From One Citizen You Gather an Idea

 

Sultana Haukim, Nirmal Hurry, Alix Le Juge, Olga Jürgenson, Helge Leiberg, Krishna Luchoomun, Neermala Luckeenarain, Kavinash Thomoo, Bik Van Der Pol, Laure Prouvost, Vitaly Pushnitsky, Römer + Römer

 

Commissioner: pARTage. Curators: Alfredo Cramerotti, Olga Jürgenson. Venue: Palazzo Flangini - Canareggio 252

   

MEXICO

 

Possesing Nature

 

Tania Candiani, Luis Felipe Ortega

 

Commissioner: Tomaso Radaelli. Deputy Commissioner: Magdalena Zavala Bonachea. Curator: Karla Jasso. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi

   

MONGOLIA *

 

Other Home

 

Enkhbold Togmidshiirev, Unen Enkh

 

Commissioner: Gantuya Badamgarav, MCASA. Curator: Uranchimeg Tsultemin. Scientific Committee: David A Ross, Boldbaatar Chultemin. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora

   

MONTENEGRO

 

,,Ti ricordi Sjecaš li se You Remember "

 

Aleksandar Duravcevic

 

Commissioner/Curator: Anastazija Miranovic. Deputy Commissioner: Danica Bogojevic. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero (piano terra), San Marco 3078-3079/A, Ramo Malipiero

   

MOZAMBIQUE, Republic of *

 

Theme: Coexistence of Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Mozambique

 

Mozambique Artists

 

Commissioner: Joel Matias Libombo. Deputy Commissioner: Gilberto Paulino Cossa. Curator: Comissariado-Geral para a Expo Milano 2015. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale

   

NETHERLANDS, The

 

herman de vries - to be all ways to be

 

herman de vries

 

Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund. Curators: Colin Huizing, Cees de Boer. Venue: Pavilion ar Giardini

   

NEW ZEALAND

 

Secret Power

 

Simon Denny

 

Commissioner: Heather Galbraith. Curator: Robert Leonard. Venue: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Marco Polo Airport

   

NORDIC PAVILION (NORWAY)

 

Camille Norment

 

Commissioner: OCA, Office for Contemporary Art Norway. Curator: Katya García-Antón. Deputy Curator: Antonio Cataldo. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

PERU

 

Misplaced Ruins

 

Gilda Mantilla and Raimond Chaves

 

Commissioner: Armando Andrade de Lucio. Curator: Max Hernández-Calvo. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi

   

PHILIPPINES

 

Tie a String Around the World

 

Manuel Conde, Carlos Francisco, Manny Montelibano, Jose Tence Ruiz

 

Commissioner: National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), Felipe M. de Leon Jr. Curator: Patrick D. Flores. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora

   

POLAND

 

Halka/Haiti. 18°48’05”N 72°23’01”W

 

C.T. Jasper, Joanna Malinowska

 

Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska. Deputy Commissioner: Joanna Wasko. Curator: Magdalena Moskalewicz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

PORTUGAL

 

I Will Be Your Mirror / poems and problems

 

João Louro

 

Commissioner/Curator: María de Corral. Venue: Palazzo Loredan, campo S. Stefano

   

ROMANIA

 

Adrian Ghenie: Darwin’s Room

 

Adrian Ghenie

 

Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Mihai Pop. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

Inventing the Truth. On Fiction and Reality

 

Michele Bressan, Carmen Dobre-Hametner, Alex Mirutziu, Lea Rasovszky, Stefan Sava, Larisa Sitar

 

Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Diana Marincu. Deputy Curators: Ephemair Association (Suzana Dan and Silvia Rogozea). Venue: New Gallery of the Romanian Institute for Culture and Humanistic Research in Venice

   

RUSSIA

 

The Green Pavilion

 

Irina Nakhova

 

Commissioner: Stella Kesaeva. Curator: Margarita Tupitsyn. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

SERBIA

 

United Dead Nations

 

Ivan Grubanov

 

Commissioner: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Commissioner: Ana Bogdanovic. Curator: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Curator: Ana Bogdanovic. Scientific Committee: Jovan Despotovic. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

SAN MARINO

 

Repubblica di San Marino “ Friendship Project “ China

 

Xu De Qi, Liu Dawei, Liu Ruo Wang, Ma Yuan, Li Lei, Zhang Hong Mei, Eleonora Mazza, Giuliano Giulianelli, Giancarlo Frisoni, Tony Margiotta, Elisa Monaldi, Valentina Pazzini

 

Commissioner: Istituti Culturali della Repubblica di San Marino. Curator: Vincenzo Sanfo. Venue: TBC

   

SEYCHELLES, Republic of *

 

A Clockwork Sunset

 

George Camille, Léon Wilma Loïs Radegonde

 

Commissioner: Seychelles Art Projects Foundation. Curators: Sarah J. McDonald, Victor Schaub Wong. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora

   

SINGAPORE

 

Sea State

 

Charles Lim Yi Yong

 

Commissioner: Paul Tan, National Arts Council, Singapore. Curator: Shabbir Hussain Mustafa. Scientific Committee: Eugene Tan, Kathy Lai, Ahmad Bin Mashadi, June Yap, Emi Eu, Susie Lingham, Charles Merewether, Randy Chan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi

   

SLOVENIA, Republic of

 

UTTER / The violent necessity for the embodied presence of hope

 

JAŠA

 

Commissioner: Simona Vidmar. Deputy Commissioner: Jure Kirbiš. Curators: Michele Drascek and Aurora Fonda. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie

   

SPAIN

 

Los Sujetos (The Subjects)

 

Pepo Salazar, Cabello/Carceller, Francesc Ruiz, + Salvador Dalí

 

Commissioner: Ministerio Asuntos Exteriores. Gobierno de España. Curator: Marti Manen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

 

Origini della civiltà

 

Narine Ali, Ehsan Alar, Felipe Cardeña, Fouad Dahdouh, Aldo Damioli, Svitlana Grebenyuk, Mauro Reggio, Liu Shuishi, Nass ouh Zaghlouleh, Andrea Zucchi, Helidon Xhixha

 

Commissioner: Christian Maretti. Curator: Duccio Trombadori. Venue: Redentore – Giudecca, San Servolo Island

   

SWEDEN

 

Excavation of the Image: Imprint, Shadow, Spectre, Thought

 

Lina Selander

 

Commissioner: Ann-Sofi Noring. Curator: Lena Essling. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale

   

SWITZERLAND

 

Our Product

 

Pamela Rosenkranz

 

Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki. Deputy-Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Rachele Giudici Legittimo. Curator: Susanne Pfeffer. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

THAILAND

 

Earth, Air, Fire & Water

 

Kamol Tassananchalee

 

Commissioner: Chai Nakhonchai, Office of Contemporary Art and Culture (OCAC), Ministry of Culture. Curator: Richard David Garst. Deputy Curator: Pongdej Chaiyakut. Venue: Paradiso Gallerie, Giardini della Biennale, Castello 1260

   

TURKEY

 

Respiro

 

Sarkis

 

Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts. Curator: Defne Ayas. Deputy Curator: Ozge Ersoy. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi

   

TUVALU

 

Crossing the Tide

 

Vincent J.F. Huang

 

Commissioner: Taukelina Finikaso. Deputy Commissioner: Temate Melitiana. Curator: Thomas J. Berghuis. Scientific Committee: Andrea Bonifacio. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale

   

UKRAINE

 

Hope!

 

Yevgenia Belorusets, Nikita Kadan, Zhanna Kadyrova, Mykola Ridnyi & SerhiyZhadan, Anna Zvyagintseva, Open Group, Artem Volokitin

 

Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Björn Geldhof. Venue: Riva dei Sette Martiri

   

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

 

1980 – Today: Exhibitions in the United Arab Emirates

 

Abdullah Al Saadi, Abdul Qader Al Rais, Abdulraheem Salim, Abdulrahman Zainal, Ahmed Al Ansari, Ahmed Sharif, Hassan Sharif, Mohamed Yousif, Mohammed Abdullah Bulhiah, Mohammed Al Qassab, Mohammed Kazem, Moosa Al Halyan, Najat Meky, Obaid Suroor, Salem Jawhar

 

Commissioner: Salama bint Hamdan Al Nahyan Foundation. Curator: Hoor Al Qasimi. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d'Armi

   

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

 

Joan Jonas: They Come to Us Without a Word

 

Joan Jonas

 

Commissioner: Paul C. Ha. Deputy Commissioner: MIT List Visual Arts Center. Curators: Ute Meta Bauer, Paul C. Ha. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

URUGUAY

 

Global Myopia II (Pencil & Paper)

 

Marco Maggi

 

Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale. Curator: Patricia Bentancour. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

VENEZUELA, Bolivarian Republic of

 

Te doy mi palabra (I give you my word)

 

Argelia Bravo, Félix Molina (Flix)

 

Commissioner: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Commissioner: Reinaldo Landaeta Díaz. Curator: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Curator: Morella Jurado. Scientific Committee: Carlos Pou Ruan. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini

   

ZIMBABWE, Republic of

 

Pixels of Ubuntu/Unhu: - Exploring the social and cultural identities of the 21st century.

 

Chikonzero Chazunguza, Masimba Hwati, Gareth Nyandoro

 

Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda. Curator: Raphael Chikukwa. Deputy Curator: Tafadzwa Gwetai. Scientific Committee: Saki Mafundikwa, Biggie Samwanda, Fabian Kangai, Reverend Paul Damasane, Nontsikelelo Mutiti, Stephen Garan'anga, Dominic Benhura. Venue: Santa Maria della Pieta

   

ITALO-LATIN AMERICAN INSTITUTE

 

Voces Indígenas

 

Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal. Curator: Alfons Hug. Deputy Curator: Alberto Saraiva. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale

 

ARGENTINA

 

Sofia Medici and Laura Kalauz

 

PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA

 

Sonia Falcone and José Laura Yapita

 

BRAZIL

 

Adriana Barreto

 

Paulo Nazareth

 

CHILE

 

Rainer Krause

 

COLOMBIA

 

León David Cobo,

 

María Cristina Rincón and Claudia Rodríguez

 

COSTA RICA

 

Priscilla Monge

 

ECUADOR

 

Fabiano Kueva

 

EL SALVADOR

 

Mauricio Kabistan

 

GUATEMALA

 

Sandra Monterroso

 

HAITI

 

Barbara Prézeau Stephenson

 

HONDURAS

 

Leonardo González

 

PANAMA

 

Humberto Vélez

 

NICARAGUA

 

Raúl Quintanilla

 

PARAGUAY

 

Erika Meza

 

Javier López

 

PERU

 

José Huamán Turpo

 

URUGUAY

 

Gustavo Tabares

   

Ellen Slegers

     

001 Inverso Mundus. AES+F

 

Magazzino del Sale n. 5, Dorsoduro, 265 (Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Saloni); Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960

 

May 9th – October 31st

 

Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum

 

www.vitraria.com

 

www.inversomundus.com

   

Catalonia in Venice: Singularity

 

Cantieri Navali, Castello, 40 (Calle Quintavalle)

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: Institut Ramon Llull

 

www.llull.cat

 

venezia2015.llull.cat

   

Conversion. Recycle Group

 

Chiesa di Sant’Antonin, Castello (Campo Sant’Antonin)

 

May 6th - October 31st

 

Organization: Moscow Museum of Modern Art

 

www.mmoma.ru/

   

Dansaekhwa

 

Palazzo Contarini-Polignac, Dorsoduro, 874 (Accademia)

 

May 7th – August 15th

 

Organization: The Boghossian Foundation

 

www.villaempain.com

   

Dispossession

 

Palazzo Donà Brusa, Campo San Polo, 2177

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: European Capital of Culture Wroclaw 2016

 

wroclaw2016.pl/biennale/

   

EM15 presents Doug Fishbone’s Leisure Land Golf

 

Arsenale Docks, Castello, 40A, 40B, 41C

 

May 6th - July 26th

 

Organization: EM15

 

www.em15venice.co.uk

   

Eredità e Sperimentazione

 

Grand Hotel Hungaria & Ausonia, Viale Santa Maria Elisabetta, 28, Lido di Venezia

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: Istituto Nazionale di BioArchitettura - Sezione di Padova

 

www.bioarchitettura.it

   

Frontiers Reimagined

 

Palazzo Grimani, Castello, 4858 (Ramo Grimani)

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: Tagore Foundation International; Polo museale del Veneto

 

www.frontiersreimagined.org

   

Glasstress 2015 Gotika

 

Istituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere ed Arti, Palazzo Cavalli Franchetti, San Marco, 2847 (Campo Santo Stefano); Chiesa di Santa Maria della Visitazione, Centro Culturale Don Orione Artigianelli, Dorsoduro, 919 (Zattere); Fondazione Berengo, Campiello della Pescheria, 15, Murano;

 

May 9th — November 22nd

 

Organization: The State Hermitage Museum

 

www.hermitagemuseum.org

   

Graham Fagen: Scotland + Venice 2015

 

Palazzo Fontana, Cannaregio, 3829 (Strada Nova)

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: Scotland + Venice

 

www.scotlandandvenice.com

   

Grisha Bruskin. An Archaeologist’s Collection

 

Former Chiesa di Santa Caterina, Cannaregio, 4941-4942

 

May 6th – November 22nd

 

Organization: Centro Studi sulle Arti della Russia (CSAR), Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia

 

www.unive.it/csar

   

Helen Sear, ... The Rest Is Smoke

 

Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Castello, 450 (Fondamenta San Gioacchin)

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: Cymru yn Fenis/Wales in Venice

 

www.walesinvenice.org.uk

   

Highway to Hell

 

Palazzo Michiel, Cannaregio, 4391/A (Strada Nova)

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: Hubei Museum of Art

 

www.hbmoa.com

   

Humanistic Nature and Society (Shan-Shui) – An Insight into the Future

 

Palazzo Faccanon, San Marco, 5016 (Mercerie)

 

May 7th – August 4th

 

Organization: Shanghai Himalayas Museum

 

www.himalayasmuseum.org

   

In the Eye of the Thunderstorm: Effervescent Practices from the Arab World & South Asia

 

Dorsoduro, 417 (Zattere)

 

May 6th - November 15th

 

Organization: ArsCulture

 

www.arsculture.org/

 

www.eyeofthunderstorm.com

   

Italia Docet | Laboratorium- Artists, Participants, Testimonials and Activated Spectators

 

Palazzo Barbarigo Minotto, San Marco, 2504 (Fondamenta Duodo o Barbarigo)

 

May 9th – June 30th; September 11st – October 31st

 

Organization: Italian Art Motherboard Foundation (i-AM Foundation)

 

www.i-amfoundation.org

 

www.venicebiennale-italiadocet.org

   

Jaume Plensa: Together

 

Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore, Isola di San Giorgio Maggiore

 

May 6th – November 22nd

 

Organization: Abbazia di San Giorgio Maggiore Benedicti Claustra Onlus

 

www.praglia.it

   

Jenny Holzer "War Paintings"

 

Museo Correr, San Marco, 52 (Piazza San Marco)

 

May 6th – November 22nd

 

Organization: The Written Art Foundation; Museo Correr, Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia

 

www.writtenartfoundation.com

 

correr.visitmuve.it

   

Jump into the Unknown

 

Palazzo Loredan dell’Ambasciatore, Dorsoduro, 1261-1262

 

May 9th – June 18th

 

Organization: Nine Dragon Heads

 

9dh-venice.com

   

Learn from Masters

 

Palazzo Bembo, San Marco, 4793 (Riva del Carbon)

 

May 9th – November 22nd

 

Organization: Pan Tianshou Foundation

 

pantianshou.caa.edu.cn/foundation_en

   

My East is Your West

 

Palazzo Benzon, San Marco, 3927

 

May 6th – October 31st

 

Organization: The Gujral Foundation

 

www.gujralfoundation.org

       

Ornamentalism. The Purvitis Prize

 

Arsenale Nord, Tesa 99

 

May 9th – November 22nd

 

Organization: The Secretariat of the Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2015

 

www.purvisabalva.lv/en/ornamentalism

   

Path and Adventure

 

Arsenale, Castello, 2126/A (Campo della Tana)

 

May 9th – November 22nd

 

Organization: The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau; The Macao Museum of Art; The Cultural Affairs Bureau

 

www.iacm.gov.mo

 

www.mam.gov.mo

 

www.icm.gov.mo

   

Patricia Cronin: Shrine for Girls, Venice

 

Chiesa di San Gallo, San Marco, 1103 (Campo San Gallo)

 

May 9th – November 22nd

 

Organization: Brooklyn Rail Curatorial Projects

 

curatorialprojects.brooklynrail.org

   

Roberto Sebastian Matta. Sculture

 

Giardino di Palazzo Soranzo Cappello, Soprintendenza BAP per le Province di Venezia, Belluno, Padova e Treviso, Santa Croce, 770 (Fondamenta Rio Marin)

 

May 9th – November 22nd

 

Organization: Fondazione Echaurren Salaris

 

www.fondazioneechaurrensalaris.it

 

www.maggioregam.com/56Biennale_Matta

   

Salon Suisse: S.O.S. Dada - The World Is A Mess

 

Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)

 

May 9th; June 4th - 6th; September 10th - 12th; October 15th - 17th; November 19th – 21st

 

Organization: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia

 

www.prohelvetia.ch

 

www.biennials.ch

   

Sean Scully: Land Sea

 

Palazzo Falier, San Marco, 2906

 

May 9th – November 22nd

 

Organization: Fondazione Volume!

 

www.fondazionevolume.com

   

Sepphoris. Alessandro Valeri

 

Molino Stucky, interior atrium, Giudecca, 812

 

May 9th – November 22nd

 

Organization: Assessorato alla Cultura del Comune di Narni(TR); a Sidereal Space of Art; Satellite Berlin

 

www.sepphorisproject.org

   

Tesla Revisited

 

Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960

 

May 9th – October 18th

 

Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum

 

www.vitraria.com/

   

The Bridges of Graffiti

 

Arterminal c/o Terminal San Basilio, Dorsoduro (Fondamenta Zattere al Ponte Lungo)

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: Associazione Culturale Inossidabile

 

www.inossidabileac.com

   

The Dialogue of Fire. Ceramic and Glass Masters from Barcelona to Venice

 

Palazzo Tiepolo Passi, San Polo, 2774

 

May 6th - November 22nd

 

Organization: Fundaciò Artigas; ArsCulture

 

www.fundacio-artigas.com/

 

www.arsculture.org/

 

www.dialogueoffire.org

   

The Question of Beings

 

Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello, 3701

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei (MoCA, Taipei)

 

www.mocataipei.org.tw

   

The Revenge of the Common Place

 

Università Ca' Foscari, Ca' Bernardo, Dorsoduro, 3199 (Calle Bernardo)

 

May 9th – September 30th

 

Organization: Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels-VUB)

 

www.vub.ac.be/

   

The Silver Lining. Contemporary Art from Liechtenstein and other Microstates

 

Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)

 

October 24th – November 1st

 

Organization: Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein

 

www.kunstmuseum.li

 

www.silverlining.li

   

The Sound of Creation. Paintings + Music by Beezy Bailey and Brian Eno

 

Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello, Palazzo Pisani, San Marco, 2810 (Campo Santo Stefano)

 

May 7th - November 22nd

 

Organization: ArsCulture

 

www.arsculture.org/

   

The Union of Fire and Water

 

Palazzo Barbaro, San Marco, 2840

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: YARAT Contemporary Art Organisation

 

www.yarat.az

 

www.bakuvenice2015.com

   

Thirty Light Years - Theatre of Chinese Art

 

Palazzo Rossini, San Marco, 4013 (Campo Manin)

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: GAC Global Art Center Foundation; The Guangdong Museum of Art

 

www.globalartcenter.org

 

www.gdmoa.org

   

Tsang Kin-Wah: The Infinite Nothing, Hong Kong in Venice

 

Arsenale, Castello, 2126 (Campo della Tana)

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: M+, West Kowloon Cultural District; Hong Kong Arts Development Council

 

www.westkowloon.hk/en/mplus

 

www.hkadc.org.hk

 

www.venicebiennale.hk

   

Under the Surface, Newfoundland and Labrador at Venice

 

Galleria Ca' Rezzonico, Dorsoduro, 2793

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: Terra Nova Art Foundation

 

tnaf.ca

   

Ursula von Rydingsvard

 

Giardino della Marinaressa, Castello (Riva dei Sette Martiri)

 

May 6th - November 22nd

 

Organization:Yorkshire Sculpture Park

 

www.ysp.co.uk

   

We Must Risk Delight: Twenty Artists from Los Angeles

 

Magazzino del Sale n. 3, Dorsoduro, 264 (Zattere)

 

May 7th - November 22nd

 

Organization: bardoLA

 

www.bardoLA.org

   

Wu Tien-Chang: Never Say Goodbye

 

Palazzo delle Prigioni, Castello, 4209 (San Marco)

 

May 9th - November 22nd

 

Organization: Taipei Fine Arts Museum of Taiwan

 

www.tfam.museum

 

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