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मैक्स, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
1994 में, मेरा जन्म संयुक्त राज्य में हुआ था। मेरे माता-पिता दोनों चीनी थे। मेरी मां एक सफल कामकाजी महिला का विशिष्ट उदाहरण थी। वह अपने बारे में सोचने में सक्षम है और काफी निपुण है। मैं अपनी मां से बहुत प्यार करता हूं। जब मैं दूसरी कक्षा में था, तो मेरे माता-पिता मुझे अध्ययन करने के लिए चीन वापस ले गए ताकि मैं चीनी सीख सकूं। इसी दौरान मैंने प्रभु यीशु से परिचित होना शुरू किया था। मुझे याद है कि 2004 में एक दिन, जब मैं विद्यालय से घर पहुंचा, तो मेरे घर में कुछ मेहमान थे। मेरी मां ने उनसे मेरा परिचय कराया और मुझे बताया कि वह संयुक्त राज्य से आए एक पादरी हैं। मैं काफी खुश था क्योंकि तभी मुझे पता चला था कि मेरी मां कुछ समय से प्रभु यीशु में विश्वास कर रही थी। पहले, वह नहीं करती थी। हर चीनी नव वर्ष में, वे अगरबत्ती जलाया करती थी और बुद्ध की पूजा किया करती थी। हालांकि, जब से मेरी मां ने प्रभु यीशु में विश्वास करना शुरू किया था, तब से मुझे जलती अगरबत्ती की खुशबू नहीं आई थी। उस दिन, उस अमेरिकी पादरी ने मुझे प्रभु यीशु के बारे में एक कहानी सुनाई। कुछ समय बाद, मुझे बाथरूम में ले जाया गया और इससे पहले कि मैं कुछ प्रतिक्रिया दे पाता, ‘अचानक ही’ उस पादरी ने मेरा सिर बाथटब में डाल दिया और कुछ पल के बाद, मेरे सिर को बाहर निकाल लिया। मुझे बस मेरी मां और उस पादरी की बातें सुनाई दे रही थी, “परमेश्वर के अनुग्रह में तुम्हारा स्वागत है। हम सभी खोई हुई भेड़े हैं।” इस प्रकार से, इससे पहले कि मैं इसे जान पाता, मैंने एक नई जीवन यात्रा की शुरुआत की। चूंकि परमेश्वर मेरे साथ था, इसलिए मेरा दिल बहुत खुश था। उसके बाद, प्रत्येक रविवार, मैं पूजा करने, पादरी से बाइबल की कहानियाँ सुनने और ग्रंथों से कथन पढ़ने के लिए कलीसिया जाया करता था। मैं पूरी तरह से खुश था। मेरा दिल स्थिर था और मैं मानता था कि प्रभु यीशु में विश्वास करना वाकई अच्छी बात है।
2008 में, मेरे पिता मुझे संयुक्त राज्य ले गए ताकि मैं वहां पढ़ाई कर सकूं। इस दौरान, मैं कलीसिया जाया करता था और संगति में हिस्सा लिया करता था। 2012 में, मेरे हाई स्कूल से स्नातक करने के बाद, मेरे पिता ने मुझे प्लेन का टिकट दिया ताकि मैं अपनी मां से मिलने के लिए वापस चीन जा सकूं। मेरे निकलने से पहले, मेरे पिता मेरे साथ बैठे और दिल को छू लेने वाली बातें की। उन्होंने मुझे बताया कि चीन में, मेरी मां ने ‘चमकती पूर्वी बिजली‘ में विश्वास करना शुरू कर दिया है। उन्हें उम्मीद है कि मैं अपनी मां से बात करके उन्हें ‘चमकती पूर्वी बिजली’ में अपने विश्वास को छोड़ने के लिये राजी कर लूँगा। बिल्कुल, एक ऐसे विद्यार्थी के रूप में जो विश्वविद्यालय में बस प्रवेश लेने ही वाला हो, मुझे इस कहानी के अपने पिता के पक्ष को नहीं सुनना था। मैंने फौरन इंटरनेट पर जाकर ‘चमकती पूर्वी बिजली’ से संबंधित जानकारी को खोजा। मैं उसके बारे में और भी यथार्थ रूप से समझना चाहता था। परिणामस्वरूप, मुझे ‘चमकती पूर्वी बिजली’ की निंदा और बदनामी करने वाली सीसीपी सरकार और धार्मिक दुनिया के पादरियों व एल्डर्स के कुछ विचार पता चले। मुझे मां की चिंता होने लगी थी। मैंने घर जाने और यह देखने का निर्णय लिया कि मेरी मां कैसी है। मैंने घर पहुँचकर देखा कि सबकुछ सामान्य है। मेरे प्रति उनकी चिंता और प्रेम में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं आया था। परमेश्वर के लिए उनकी निष्ठा और प्रेम कई गुना बढ़ गया था और वह पहले की तुलना में ज्यादा धर्मनिष्ठ हो गई थी। तब मेरी मां के लिए मेरी चिंता थोड़ी कम हो गई थी।
जिस समय मैं वापस चीन गया था, तो जैसा कि उम्मीद थी, मेरी मां ने ‘चमकती पूर्वी बिजली’ के बारे में मुझे बताया। उन्होंने कहा, “प्रभु यीशु वापस आ गया है और उसने परमेश्वर के लोगों के साथ शुरुआत करके न्याय का कार्य करना शुरू कर दिया है…।” मेरी मां की बातों से, मुझे समझ आ गया था कि इस बार जब प्रभु यीशु ने देह धरी है, तो वह अपना कार्य करने के लिए एक महिला के रूप में आया है। मुझे याद है कि उस समय, मैं भावशून्य दृष्टि से घूर रहा था क्योंकि जब मैं संयुक्त राज्य में था, तब मुझे प्रभु यीशु के बारे में जो कुछ भी बताया गया था, यह उससे पूरी तरह से अलग था। मेरे पादरी ने हमेशा ही इस धर्मोपदेश पर जोर दिया था कि यहोवा परमेश्वर ही पवित्र पिता है और प्रभु यीशु ही पवित्र पुत्र है। चूंकि वे पिता और पुत्र थे, इसलिए वे दोनों ही पुरुष थे। इसके अलावा, प्रभु यीशु की सभी तस्वीरें जो कलीसिया में टंगी थी और वे सभी सलीब जिन पर प्रभु यीशु लटके हुए दिखते थे, यह इंगित करते थे कि प्रभु यीशु पुरुष था। मगर, इस बार मेरी मां ने कहा, कि प्रभु यीशु एक स्त्री के रूप में वापस आया है। यह तो प्रभु यीशु के बारे में मेरी जानकारी से बिल्कुल परे था। मेरा दिल इसे स्वीकार नहीं कर पाया और मैंने अपनी मां से कहा, “प्रभु यीशु एक पुरुष है। जब प्रभु वापस आया है, तो ऐसा कैसे हो सकता है कि वह एक स्त्री के रूप में वापस आया हो?” मेरी मां ने उत्तर दिया, “परमेश्वर सार रूप में आत्मा है। परमेश्वर का कोई लिंग नहीं होता। चूंकि उसने उद्धार का कार्य करने के लिए देहधारण किया है, इसीलिए उसने एक अलग लिंग का चुनाव किया है…।” चूंकि मेरे पुरोहित ने जिस दृष्टिकोण को मेरे मन में बिठाया था, वह सबसे पहला और मजबूत प्रभाव था, इसलिए मेरी मां के यह सब कहने के बाद भी, मुझे इस पर विश्वास नहीं हुआ था।
कुछ दिनों के बाद, मेरी मां मुझे अपने साथ एक धर्मसभा में शामिल होने के लिए ले जाना चाहती थी। हालाँकि मैं नहीं जाना चाहता था, लेकिन चूंकि मैं अपनी मां का सम्मान करता था, इसलिए मैं उनके साथ चला गया। मुझे याद है कि उस समय उत्तर-पूर्वी चीन की एक आंटी ने कहा था, “अंत के दिन आ गए हैं। प्रभु यीश देहधारण करके वापस आ गया है और वह हमारे बीच रहता है। वह राज्य के युग का कार्य कर रहा है। वर्तमान में, अनुग्रह के युग के कलीसियाओं में पवित्र आत्मा का कार्य नहीं रह गया है और वे सभी पूरी तरह से वीरान हो गए हैं…।” हालांकि, चूंकि दिल पहले से ही बंद था, इसलिए मैं तब भी यह मानता था कि प्रभु यीशु एक पुरुष है और जब वह वापस आएगा, तो वह पुरुष के रूप में ही वापस आएगा। इसी वजह से यह आंटी जो बात कर रही थी, मैं मूलरूप से उस पर विश्वास नहीं करता था। जब तक मैंने चीन नहीं छोड़ दिया, तब तक मैं पूरी तरह से हक्का-बक्का ही बना रहा: प्रभु यीशु स्त्री के रूप में क्यों वापस लौटेगा? मैं चिंतित था कि मेरी मां गलत मार्ग पर चल रही है। मैं बस अपनी मां के लिए प्रार्थना कर सकता था, “प्रभु यीशु! कृपा करके मेरी मां का ध्यान रखो और सुनिश्चित करो कि वह गलत मार्ग पर न चलने लगे। अपने अनुग्रह में वापस आने में उसका मार्गदर्शन करो…।”
मेरे संयुक्त राज्य वापस आ जाने के बाद, मैंने अपनी कलीसिया में पूजा में शामिल होना जारी रखा। हालांकि, धीरे-धीरे, मैंने पाया कि मेरा पादरी जो बातें बताता था उनमें से ज़्यादातर पुरानी और पुनरोक्ति थी। अन्यथा, यह खास तौर पर कलीसिया को दान देने के बारे में ही था। एक विश्वासी के रूप में, हमें सच्ची रखवाली हासिल नहीं हो रही थी। धर्मसभा के दौरान कई लोग सोने लगते थे और इसमें शामिल होने वाले लोगों की संख्या धीरे-धीरे कम हो गई थी। 2014 में, मैं जिस कलीसिया में जाता था उसमें एक दुखद घटना घटी। पादरी ने सार्वजनिक धन का दुरुपयोग करके, एक दूसरे राज्य में घर खरीद लिया था और परिणामस्वरूप, हमारा कलीसिया दिवालिया हो गया था। जब मैंने ये सब चीजें देखी, तो मैं बहुत निराश हुआ। इस दौरान, मेरे सहपाठी मुझे पूजा में हिस्सा लेने के लिए अपने कलीसिया में ले गए। मैं पहले जिस कलीसिया में जाया करता था, यह उससे काफी बड़ा था। हर रविवार, जब पादरी अपना धर्मोपदेश दिया करता था, तो मैं सुनने के लिए आगे की पंक्ति की कुर्सी पर बैठता था। हालांकि, पहले की ही तरह, मैंने लोगों को झपकी लेते हुए देखा। कई बार, मुझे भी झपकी आने लगती थी। अक्सर, पादरी भाइयों व बहनों को जगाए रखने के प्रयास के तौर पर अपनी आवाज ऊंची कर दिया करता था। हालांकि, धर्मोपदेश सुनाने का उसका यह प्रयास असफल होता था। मैंने पिछली कलीसिया के बारे में सोचा , जहां के पादरी ने घर खरीदने हेतु कलीसिया के धन का दुरुपयोग किया था। उसके धर्मोपदेश भाइयों व बहनों की आध्यात्मिक जिंदगी की जरूरतों को पूरा करने में असक्षम थे। बल्कि, वे कलीसिया में मुख्य रूप से सोने के लिए आया करते थे! उस समय मैं जिस कलीसिया में जाया करता था, उसका भी यही हाल था। मैंने खुद से पूछा, “क्या ऐसा हो सकता है कि सभी कलीसिया उजाड़ हो गए हैं?” अचानक ही, मैंने पुन: 2012 के बारे में सोचा जब मैं चीन गया था और वे बातें जो मेरी मां और उत्तर-पूर्वी चीन की उस आंटी ने मुझसे कही थी। उन्होंने मुझे बताया था: परमेश्वर ने राज्य के युग का कार्य शुरू कर दिया है। अनुग्रह का युग समाप्त हो गया है। परमेश्वर अब अनुग्रह के युग से संबंधित कलीसियाओं में कार्य नहीं करता है। राज्य के युग में परमेश्वर के कार्य का अनुसरण करके ही कोई व्यक्ति पवित्र आत्मा के कार्य को हासिल करने में सक्षम हो सकता है। तब पहली बार मैंने खुद से पूछा, “क्या ऐसा हो सकता है कि प्रभु यीशु वाकई वापस आ गया है?”
पलक झपकते ही, 2015 का अंत आ पहुंचा। मुझे खबर मिली कि मेरी मां मेरे बड़े भाई से मिलने के लिए सैन फ्रांसिस्को गई है। तो मैंने प्लेन का टिकट लिया और उनसे मिलने के लिए चला गया। एक बार फिर, मेरी मां ने ‘चमकती पूर्वी बिजली’ – यानी प्रभु यीशु के दूसरे आगमन के बारे में बताया। उन्होंने मुझे सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर की कलीसिया के कई सुसमाचार वीडियो दिखाए और सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर के कई वचन भी पढ़ने को दिए। इस बार, मैंने वैसा प्रतिरोध नहीं किया जैसा मैंने पहले किया था, क्योंकि पिछले दो सालों में, मैं उन कलीसियाओं को उजाड़ होते हुए देखा था, जहां मैं जाया करता था। इससे कलीसियाओं के उजाड़ होने की उस बात की पुष्टि हो गई थी जो ये लोग मुझे बता रहे थे। यह निश्चित रूप से सत्य है! मैंने अपने दिल को शांत किया और अपनी मां की बातों को सुनना शुरू किया, ताकि मैं अपने दिल के अंदर के बंधनों को ढीला कर सकूं। उस समय, मेरी मां ने मेरे विचारों को बदलना शुरू किया। उन्होंने मुझे परमेश्वर के लिंग के पहलुओं से संबंधित विचारों पर परमेश्वर के वचन सुनाए। इसका मुझपर बहुत गहरा प्रभाव पड़ा। इसने मेरे उस भ्रम को भी दूर किया, जो मुझे वापस आए परमेश्वर के लिंग को लेकर काफी पहले से था। सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर कहता है, “परमेश्वर के द्वारा किए गए कार्य के प्रत्येक चरण का एक वास्तविक महत्व है। जब यीशु का आगमन हुआ, वह पुरुष था, और इस बार वह स्त्री है। इससे, तुम देख सकते हो कि परमेश्वर ने अपने कार्य के लिए पुरुष और स्त्री दोनों का सृजन किया और वह लिंग के बारे में कोई भी भेदभाव नहीं करता है। जब उसका आत्मा आगमन करता है, तो वह इच्छानुसार किसी भी देह को धारण कर सकता है और वह देह उसका ही प्रतिनिधित्व करती है। चाहे यह पुरुष हो या स्त्री, दोनों ही परमेश्वर को प्रकट करते हैं क्योंकि यह उसका देहधारी शरीर है। यदि यीशु एक स्त्री के रूप में आ जाता और प्रकट हो जाता, दूसरे शब्दों में, यदि पवित्र आत्मा के द्वारा एक शिशु कन्या, न कि एक लड़का, गर्भधारण किया जाना होता, तब भी कार्य का वह चरण उसी तरह से पूरा किया गया होता। यदि ऐसा है, कि इसके बजाय कार्य का यह स्तर एक पुरुष के द्वारा पूरा किया जाना होता और तब भी वह कार्य उसी तरह से पूरा किया जाता। दोनों ही चरणों में किया गया कार्य महत्वपूर्ण है; कोई भी कार्य दोहराया नहीं जाता है या एक-दूसरे का विरोध नहीं करता है। …यदि इस चरण पर वह मनुष्य के द्वारा गवाही दिए जाने के लिए व्यक्तिगत रूप से कार्य करने के लिए देह धारण नहीं करता, तो मनुष्य हमेशा के लिए यही अवधारणा बनाए रखता कि परमेश्वर सिर्फ पुरुष है, स्त्री नहीं” (“वचन देह में प्रकट होता है” से “देहधारण के महत्व को दो देहधारण पूरा करते हैं” से)। “परमेश्वर की बुद्धि, परमेश्वर की चमत्कारिकता, परमेश्वर की धार्मिकता, और परमेश्वर का प्रताप कभी नहीं बदलेंगे। उसका सार और उसका स्वरूप कभी नहीं बदलेगा। उसका कार्य, हालाँकि, हमेशा आगे प्रगति कर रहा है और हमेशा गहरा होता जा रहा है, क्योंकि वह हमेशा नया रहता है और कभी पुराना नहीं पड़ता है। …यदि वह केवल एक पुरुष के रूप में देहधारण करता, तो लोग उसे पुरुष के रूप में,पुरुषों के परमेश्वर के रूप में परिभाषित करते,और कभी भी उस पर महिलाओं के परमेश्वर के रूप में विश्वास नहीं करते। तब, पुरुष विश्वास करते कि परमेश्वर पुरुषों के समान लिंग का है, कि परमेश्वर पुरुषों का प्रमुख है—और महिलाओं का क्या होता? यह अनुचित है; क्या यह पक्षपातपूर्ण व्यवहार नहीं है? यदि ऐसा मामला होता, तो वे सभी लोग जिन्हें परमेश्व रने बचाया, उसके समान पुरुष होते, और महिलाओं के लिए कोई उद्धार नहीं होता। जब परमेश्वर ने मानवजाति का सृजन किया, तो उसने आदम को बनाया और उसने हव्वा को बनाया। उसने न केवल आदम को बनाया, बल्कि अपनी छवि में पुरुष और महिला दोनों को बनाया। परमेश्वर न केवल पुरुषों का परमेश्वर है—वह महिलाओं का भी परमेश्वर है” (“वचन देह में प्रकट होता है” से “परमेश्वर के कार्य का दर्शन (3)” से)। परमेश्वर के वचनों को पढ़ने के बाद, जो मामला मेरे दिल को कष्ट दे रहा था, वह तुरंत ही गायब हो गया। मेरे दिल में, मैंने महसूस किया कि ये वचन सही हैं। आरंभ में, परमेश्वर ने आदम और हव्वा की रचना की। मूलत:, पुरुष और स्त्री समान थे। अगर यह बात है, तो परमेश्वर स्त्री के रूप में वापस क्यों नहीं आ सकता है? परमेश्वर का सार आत्मा है। बिल्कुल, जब वह अपना कार्य करने के लिए हमारे बीच आता है, तो वह कोई भी लिंग धारण कर सकता है। परमेश्वर चाहे पुरुष के रूप में देहधारण करे या स्त्री के रूप में, यह उसका चुनाव है। परमेश्वर के पास यह चुनाव करने का अधिकार है कि उसे किस लिंग में देहधारण करनी है, क्योंकि परमेश्वर सभी चीजों का शासक है और रचनाकार है। क्या परमेश्वर का कार्य लोगों द्वारा प्रतिबंधित है? परमेश्वर की तुलना में मनुष्य क्या है? क्या मनुष्य केवल धूल नहीं है? मनुष्य परमेश्वर की बुद्धि को कैसे समझ सकता है? इससे पहले, मैं मानता था कि परमेश्वर केवल पुरुष हो सकता है। मैंने सच में परमेश्वर को पारिभाषित किया था और यह बताता है कि मुझे परमेश्वर का कोई ज्ञान नहीं था। मैं बहुत ज्यादा अहंकारी और मूर्ख था।
परमेश्वर के वचनों को पढ़ने के बाद, इस बार कार्य करने के लिए देहधारी परेश्वर के एक स्त्री के रूप में आने को लेकर मेरी शंकाएं पूरी तरह से समाप्त हो गई थी। मैं यह भी स्वीकार करने में सक्षम था कि परमेश्वर अपना नया कार्य करने के लिए वापस आ गया है। हालांकि, मैं तब भी सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर के कार्य को लेकर सौ प्रतिशत निश्चित नहीं था क्योंकि मैंने इंटरनेट पर सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर की कलीसिया का विरोध और निंदा करने को लेकर किए गए प्रचारों को पढ़ा था। परिणामस्वरूप, मेरे दिल में तब भी थोड़ी-सी शंका थी। मैंने सोचा कि संभवत: मुझे पूरी तरह से इसका परीक्षण करना चाहिए और देखना चाहिए कि क्या सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर की कलीसिया इस तरह की है। परिणामस्वरूप, एक निष्पक्ष दृष्टि के साथ, 2016 की फरवरी से आरंभ करके, मैंने आधिकारिक तौर पर सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर की कलीसिया के भाइयों व बहनों के साथ ऑनलाइन धर्मसभाएं की। मैंने परमेश्वर से भी प्रार्थना की कि वह मेरा मार्गदर्शन करे और नकारात्मक प्रचार के संदर्भ में मेरा मार्गदर्शन करके यह बताए कि क्या सत्य है और क्या असत्य।
कुछ समय तक जांच-पड़ताल करने के बाद, मैंने पाया कि हर बार जब हम धर्मसभा किया करते थे, तो भाई व बहनें परमेश्वर के वचन पढ़ा करते थे, सत्य का संचार करते थे और परमेश्वर के इरादोंके बारे में सहभागिता किया करते थे। इसके अलावा, सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर के वचन लोगों से सामान्य मानवता को जीने और ईमानदार व्यक्ति बनने की अपेक्षा करते हैं। सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर के वचनों के सारांश में यह भी शामिल है कि परमेश्वर के स्वभाव को कैसे जानें, परमेश्वर का उद्धार हासिल करने के लिए सत्य का अनुसरण कैसे करें आदि। जब हमारे आध्यात्मिक जीवन की जरूरतों की बात आती है तो ये सभी आवश्यकताएं हैं और मनुष्य के तौर पर सच्चाई से जीने के लिए यह हमारे लिए फायदेमंद है। भाई-बहन जो कुछ कह रहे थे, उससे मुझे यह बात समझ में आ गई कि उनकी परवाह और चिंता सच्ची है और वे आध्यात्मिक जीवन में एक-दूसरे की मदद करते हैं। व्यक्ति जो भी कहता है और जो दृष्टिकोण वह व्यक्त करता है, उससे उसके बर्ताव का पता चलता है सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर की कलीसिया के भाइयों व बहनों के साथ बातचीत करके, मैं यह महसूस कर सकता था कि वे लोग वैसे बिल्कुल भी नहीं हैं जैसा इंटरनेट में मौजूद सामग्री उन्हें बताती थी। बल्कि, वे बहुत दयालु और ईमानदार हैं। उनके पास एक ऐसा दिल है जो उनकी कही गई सभी बातों और किए गए सभी कामों में परमेश्वर का सम्मान करता है। इसके अलावा, मैंने महसूस किया कि वहाँ पवित्र आत्मा का कार्य है। ये भाई-बहन पूरी लगन से सत्य का अनुसरण करते हैं। धर्मसभाओं में परमेश्वर के वचनों के उनके संचार और उनके व्यक्तिगत अनुभवों और ज्ञान में, निश्चित रूप से पवित्र आत्मा की प्रबुद्धता और रोशनी थी। हर धर्मसभा में मैं थोड़ा सत्य को समझने और कुछ न कुछ हासिल करने में सक्षम होता था। ऐसा अनुभव मुझे उन कलीसियों में नहीं मिला था जिनमें मैं पहले गया था। महज वाकपटुता पर सत्य विजयी होता है और अफवाहें तथ्यों के चेहरे के समक्ष अपमानित होती हैं।
बाद में, एक धर्मसभा में, मैंने बहन को उन अफवाहों के बारे में बताया जो सीसीपी सरकार और धार्मिक दुनिया के पादरियों व एल्डर्स द्वारा गढ़ी गई थी। मैं समझ नहीं पाया: सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर की कलीसिया में पवित्र आत्मा का कार्य है और यह एक ऐसी कलीसिया है जिसका निर्माण परमेश्वर द्वारा किया गया है क्योंकि वह अंत के दिनों में अपना कार्य करने के लिए प्रकट हुआ है। तो फिर वह सीसीपी सरकार और धार्मिक दुनिया के पादरियों और एल्डर्स के ऐसे उन्मादी विरोध और निंदा का सामना क्यों करता है? उस बहन ने इस पहलू के सत्य के बारे में मेरे साथ चर्चा की, “हमें इंटरनेट की अफवाहों के पार देखना होगा। यह कोई अजीब बात नहीं है कि सीसीपी सरकार और धार्मिक दुनिया के पादरी और एल्डर्स अंत के दिनों के परमेश्वर के कार्य पर हमला करेंगे और उसका आकलन करेंगे एवं सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर की कलीसिया की निंदा करेंगे, क्योंकि प्राचीन काल से ही, सत्य के मार्ग पर अत्याचार किया गया है! शैतान हमेशा से ही परमेश्वर का शत्रु रहा है। वह हमें छलने और परेशान करने के लिए इस प्रकार की अफवाहों को गढ़ता और फैलाता है ताकि हम परमेश्वर को छोड़ दें और धोखा दे दें। इसका लक्ष्य हमें नियंत्रित करना और हम पर कब्जा करना है। यह आरंभ की तरह ही है जब शैतान ने हव्वा को परमेश्वर के वचनों को न मानने और परमेश्वर को धोखा देने के लिए अफवाहों का प्रयोग किया था। जब प्रभु यीशु अपना कार्य करने के लिए आया था, तो प्रमुख याजकों, शास्त्रियों और फ़रीसियों ने भी आम यहूदी लोगों को छलने के लिए हर प्रकार की अफवाहों का प्रयोग किया था। उन्होंने प्रभु यीशु को बढ़ई का बेटा बताकर उसका अपमान किया था। उन्होंने यह कहकर ईश-निंदा की थी कि प्रभु यीशु दानवों को बाहर निकालने के लिए दानवों के शासक पर भरोसा करता है। यहां तक कि प्रभु यीशु को सलीब पर लटकाने के लिए उन लोगों ने रोमन सरकार के साथ सांठ-गांठ भी कर ली थी। प्रभु यीशु के पुनरुत्थान के बाद, उन लोगों ने सैनिकों को झूठ बोलने और यह कहने के लिए रिश्वत दी प्रभु यीशु का पुनरुत्थान हुआ ही नहीं था ताकि आम यहूदी प्रभु के पास वापस न चले जाएँ। अंत के दिनों में, मनुष्य को पूर्ण रूप से निर्मल करने और उसे बचाने के लिए न्याय के कार्य का चरण पूरा करने के लिए परमेश्वर ने एक बार फिर देहधारण किया है। परमेश्वर के राज्य का सुसमाचार चीन की मुख्यभूमि में पहले से ही सबको पता है। वर्तमान में, दुनिया के कोने-कोने में सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर के कार्य के प्रचार की प्रक्रिया चल रही है। परमेश्वर के वचनों के मार्गदर्शन में, ज्यादा से ज्यादा लोग शैतान से पैदा होने वाली बुरी ताकतों में भेद कर पा रहे हैं। वे धार्मिक दुनिया की अगुवाओं के शैतानी और दानवीय सार और चीनी कम्यूनिस्ट पार्टी की नास्तिक राजनीतिक व्यवस्था को भी साफ तौर पर देखते हैं। उन्होंने पूरी तरह से इन्हें अस्वीकार कर दिया है और परमेश्वर की शरण में आना, सत्य का अनुसरण करना और जीवन के उचित मार्ग पर चलना शुरू कर दिया है। अब जबकि परमेश्वर मनुष्य को बचाने और मनुष्य को शैतान के बुरे प्रभाव से बाहर निकलने में उसकी मदद करने का कार्य करने हेतु आया है, तो क्या शैतान कुछ नहीं करेगा? शैतान हार मानने को तैयार नहीं है। परमेश्वर के चुने हुए लोगों पर कब्ज़ा बनाए रखने के लिये वह परमेश्वर से अंत तक लड़ेगा। धार्मिक दुनिया और शैतानी सीसीपी शासन एक साथ मिल गए हैं और इंटरनेट एवं मीडिया के माध्यम से, ये बेरोकटोक सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर की कलीसिया के बारे में अफवाह फैलाते हैं और उसके नाम पर कलंक लगाते हैं ताकि उन लोगों को छला जा सके जिनके पास सत्य नहीं है या जो अंतर नहीं कर सकते हैं। वे हमेशा के लिए मानव जाति पर नियंत्रण हासिल करने का प्रयास कर रहे हैं। उनका दुष्ट लक्ष्य मानव जाति को भ्रष्ट और नष्ट करना है। जैसा कि बाइबल में कहा गया है: ‘हम जानते हैं कि हम परमेश्वर से हैं, और सारा संसार उस दुष्ट के वश में पड़ा है’ (1यूहन्ना 5：19)। प्रभु यीशु ने कहा था, ‘और दण्ड की आज्ञा का कारण यह है कि ज्योति जगत में आई है, और मनुष्यों ने अन्धकार को ज्योति से अधिक प्रिय जाना क्योंकि उनके काम बुरे थे। क्योंकि जो कोई बुराई करता है, वह ज्योति से बैर रखता है, और ज्योति के निकट नहीं आता, ऐसा न हो कि उसके कामों पर दोष लगाया जाए’ (यूहन्ना 3：19-20)। शैतान की दुष्ट योजनाओं के परे कैसे समझें और उसके छलावे में आने से कैसे बचें, इसके लिए सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर हमें प्रोत्साहित करता है और कहता है, “जब तुम इन अनुभवों से गुज़र जाओगे, तो तुम कई चीजों में अंतर करने में सक्षम हो जाओगे—तुम भले और बुरे के बीच, धार्मिकता और दुष्टता के बीच, देह और रक्त क्या है और सत्य क्या है इसके बीच अंतर करने में सक्षम हो जाओगे। तुम्हें इन सभी चीजों के बीच अन्तर करने में सक्षम होना चाहिए, और ऐसा करने में, चाहे कैसी भी परिस्थितियाँ हों, तुम कभी भी नहीं हारोगे। केवल यही तुम्हारी वास्तविक कद-काठी है। परमेश्वर के कार्यों को जानना कोई आसान बात नहीं है: तुम्हारी खोज में तुम्हारा स्तर-मान और उद्देश्य होना चाहिए, तुम्हें ज्ञात होना चाहिए कि सच्चे मार्ग को कैसे खोजें, और कैसे मापें कि क्या यह सच्चा मार्ग है या नहीं, और क्या यह परमेश्वर का कार्य है या नहीं” (“वचन देह में प्रकट होता है” से “जो परमेश्वर को और उसके कार्य को जानते हैं केवल वे ही परमेश्वर को सन्तुष्ट कर सकते हैं” से)। जब हम प्रभु यीशु के कार्य के बारे में सोचते हैं और सत्य के आधार पर, अंत के दिनों में परमेश्वर के उद्धार के कार्य और मनुष्य को परमेश्वर के पास वापस जाने से रोकने के लिए शैतान द्वारा फैलाई गई अफवाहों व झूठों की तुलना करते हैं, तो शैतान के कपटी प्रयोजनों को देखना मुश्किल नहीं होता है। फिर इस कारण को समझना भी मुश्किल नहीं होता है कि सीसीपी सरकार और यह धार्मिक दुनिया क्यों सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर की कलीसिया का विरोध, अपमान, दमन और उस पर अत्याचार करती है।”
इस बहन की सहभागिता को सुनने के बाद, शैतान की योजनाओं के बारे में मेरा थोड़ा विवेक जागा। मुझे परमेश्वर का विरोध करने के शैतान के सार के बारे में भी थोड़ा ज्ञान मिला। इसके अलावा, मैं समझ गया कि इन अफवाहों में अंतर करने और सत्य को झूठ से अलग करने के लिए व्यक्ति को बस परमेश्वर के कार्य का प्रायोगिक परीक्षण करना और उसे समझना होगा। अगर तुम बस आंखें बंद करके एक तरह की कहानी पर विश्वास करोगे और सत्य की खोज नहीं करोगे, न ही तथ्यों की जांच करोगे, तो तुम चीनी कम्यूनिस्ट पार्टी और धार्मिक दुनिया के पादरियों और एल्डर्स की अफवाहों से छल लिए जाओगे। अगर यही बात है, तो तुम अंत के दिनों में परमेश्वर का उद्धार पाने से चूक जाओगे। इस बार, मेरा दिल सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर का आभारी था कि उसने इन सत्यों को समझने के लिए मेरा मार्गदर्शन किया और इस तथ्य को पूरी तरह से समझने में मेरी मदद की कि सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर प्रभु यीशु की पुन: वापसी है, ताकि मैं परमेश्वर के पदचिन्हों पर चल सकूं और परमेश्वर की वापसी का स्वागत कर सकूं। परमेश्वर का धन्यवाद! आमीन!
स्रोत: सर्वशक्तिमान परमेश्वर की कलीसिया
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अनुशंसित: अब अंत के दिन है, यीशु मसीह का दूसरा आगमन की भविष्यवाणियां मूल रूप से पूरी हो चुकी हैं। तो हम किस प्रकार बुद्धिमान कुंवारी बने जो प्रभु का स्वागत करते हैं? जवाब जानने के लिए अभी पढ़ें और देखें।
Star Trek: The Motion Picture (Paramount, 1979).
putlocker.bz/watch-star-trek-the-motion-picture-online-fr... Full Feature
Starring William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley, James Doohan, George Takei, Majel Barrett, Walter Koenig, Nichelle Nichols, Persis Khambatta, Stephen Collins, Grace Lee Whitney, Mark Lenard. Directed by Robert Wise.
In Klingon space, three Klingon battle cruisers encounter a huge cloud-like anomaly. On the bridge of one of the ships, the captain (Mark Lenard) orders his crew to fire torpedoes at it, but they have no effect. The ships take evasive action.
Meanwhile, in Federation space, a monitoring station, Epsilon 9, picks up a distress signal from one of the Klingon ships. As the three ships are attempting to escape the cloud, energy beams shoot out and engulf each ship one by one, and they vanish. On Epsilon 9, the crew tracks the course of the cloud and discovers that it is headed for Earth.
On Vulcan, Spock (Leonard Nimoy) has been undergoing the kohlinahr ritual, in which he has been learning how to purge all of his emotions, and is nearly finished with his training. A female Vulcan Master (Edna Glover), surrounded by two men, is about to give him an ornate necklace as a symbol of pure logic, when Spock holds out his hand to stop her. Confused, she mind-melds with him and senses a consciousness calling to him from space that is affecting his human side. She drops the necklace. "You have not yet achieved kohlinahr. You must look elsewhere for your answer," she says as they leave Spock. "You will not find it here."
In San Francisco, Admiral James T. Kirk (William Shatner) arrives at Starfleet Headquarters in a shuttlecraft. He sees Commander Sonak (Jon Rashad Kamal), a Vulcan science officer who is joining the Enterprise crew and recommended for the position by Kirk himself. Kirk is bothered as to why Sonak is not on board yet. Sonak explains that Captain Willard Decker (Stephen Collins), the new captain of the Enterprise, wanted him to complete his science briefing at Headquarters before they left on their mission. The Enterprise has been undergoing a complete "refitting" for the past 18 months and is now under final preparations to leave, which would take at least 20 hours, but Kirk informs him that they only have 12. He tells Sonak to report to him on the Enterprise in one hour; he has a short meeting with Admiral Nogura and is intent on being on the ship.
Kirk transports to an office complex orbiting Earth and meets Montgomery Scott (James Doohan), the Enterprise's chief engineer. Scotty expresses his concern about the tight departure time. The cloud is less than three days away from Earth, and the Enterprise has been ordered to intercept it because they are the only ship in range. Scotty says that the refit can't be finished in 12 hours, and tries to convince him that the ship needs more work done as well as a shakedown cruise. Kirk insists that they are leaving, ready or not. They board a travel pod and begin the journey over to the drydock in orbit that houses the Enterprise.
Scotty tells Kirk that the crew hasn't had enough transition time with all the new equipment and that the engines haven't even been tested at warp power, not to mention that they have an untried captain. Kirk tells Scotty that two and a half years as Chief of Starfleet Operations may have made him a little stale, but that he wouldn't exactly consider himself untried. Kirk then tells a surprised Scotty that Starfleet gave him back his command of the Enterprise. Scotty doubts it, saying that he doesn't think it was that easy with Admiral Nogura, who gave Kirk his orders. They arrive at the Enterprise, and Scotty indulges Kirk with a brief tour of the new exterior of the ship.
Upon docking with the ship, Scotty is summoned to Engineering. Kirk goes up to the bridge, and is informed by Lt. Uhura (Nichelle Nichols) that Starfleet has just transferred command from Captain Decker over to him. Kirk finds Decker in engineering, whom is visibly upset when Kirk breaks the news that he is assuming command, but recognizes it is because Kirk has more experience. Decker will remain on the ship as 2nd officer. As Decker storms off, an alarm sounds. Someone is trying to beam over to the ship, but the transporter is malfunctioning. Kirk and Scotty race to the transporter room. Transporter operator Janice Rand (Grace Lee Whitney) is frantically trying to tell Starfleet to abort the transport, but it is too late. Commander Sonak and an unknown female officer are beaming in, but their bodies aren't re-forming properly in the beam. The female officer screams, and then their bodies disappear. Starfleet signals to them that they have died. Kirk tells Starfleet to express his sympathies to their families.
In the corridor, Kirk sees Decker and tells him they will have to replace Commander Sonak and wants another Vulcan. Decker tells him that no one is available that is familiar with the ship's new design. Kirk tells Decker he will have to double his duties as science officer as well.
In the recreation room, as Kirk briefs the assembled crew on the mission, they receive a transmission from Epsilon 9. Commander Branch (David Gautreaux) tells them they have analyzed the mysterious cloud. It generates an immense amount of energy and measures 2 A.U.s (300 million km) in diameter. There is also a vessel of some kind in the center. They've tried to communicate with it and have performed scans, but the cloud reflects them back. It seems to think of the scans as hostile and attacks them. Like the Klingon ships earlier, Epsilon 9 disappears.
Later on the bridge, Uhura informs Kirk that the transporter is working now. Lt. Ilia, (Persis Khambatta), a bald being from the planet Delta IV, arrives. Decker is happy to see her, as they developed a romantic relationship when he was assigned to her planet several years earlier. Ilia is curious about Decker's reduction in rank and Kirk interrupts and tells her about Decker being the executive and science officer. Decker tells her, with slight sarcasm, that Kirk has the utmost confidence in him. Ilia tells Kirk that her oath of celibacy is on record and asks permission to assume her duties. Uhura tells Kirk that one of the last few crew members to arrive is refusing to beam up. Kirk goes to the transporter room to ensure that "he" beams up.
Kirk tells Starfleet to beam the officer aboard. Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy (DeForest Kelley) materializes on the platform. McCoy is angry that his Starfleet commission was reactivated and that it was Kirk's idea for him to be brought along on the mission. His attitude changes, however, when Kirk says he desperately needs him. McCoy leaves to check out the new sickbay.
The crew finishes its repairs and the Enterprise leaves drydock and into the solar system. Dr. McCoy comes up to the bridge and complains that the new sickbay is nothing but a computer center. Kirk is anxious to intercept the cloud intruder, and orders Hikaru Sulu (George Takei) to go to warp speed. Suddenly, the ship enters a wormhole, which was created by an engine imbalance, and is about to collide with an asteroid that has been pulled inside. Kirk orders the phasers to be fired on it, but Decker tells Pavel Chekov (Walter Koenig) to fire photon torpedoes instead. The asteroid and the wormhole are destroyed. Annoyed, Kirk wants to meet with Decker in his quarters. Dr. McCoy decides to go along.
Kirk demands an explanation from Decker. Decker pointed out that the redesigned Enterprise channeled the phasers through the main engines and because they were imbalanced, the phasers were cut off. Kirk acknowledged that he had saved the ship; however, he accuses Decker of competing with him. Decker tells Kirk that, because of his unfamiliarity with the ship's new design, the mission is in jeopardy. Decker tells Kirk that he will gladly help Kirk understand the new design. Kirk then dismisses him from the room. In the corridor, Decker runs into Ilia. Ilia asked if the confrontation was difficult, and he tells her that it was about as difficult as seeing her again, and apologizes. She asked if he was sorry for leaving Delta IV, or for not saying goodbye. He said that if he had seen her again, would she be able to say goodbye? She says "no," and walked around him and entered her quarters nearby.
Back in Kirk's quarters, McCoy accuses Kirk of being the one who was competing, and the fact that it was Kirk who used the emergency to pressure Starfleet into letting him get command of the Enterprise. McCoy thinks that Kirk is obsessed with keeping his command. On Kirk's console viewscreen, Uhura informs Kirk that a shuttlecraft is approaching and that the occupant wishes to dock. Chekov also pipes in and replies that it appears to be a courier vessel. Kirk tells Chekov to handle the situation.
The shuttle approaches the Enterprise from behind, and the top portion of it detaches and docks at an airlock behind the bridge. Chekov is waiting by the airlock doors and is surprised to see Spock come aboard. Moments later, Spock arrives on the bridge, and everyone is shocked and pleased to see him, yet Spock ignores them. He moves over to the science station and tells Kirk that he is aware of the crisis and knows about the ship's engine design difficulties. He offers to step in as the science officer. McCoy and Dr. Christine Chapel (Majel Barret Roddenberry) come to the bridge to greet Spock, but Spock just stares alarmingly at their emotional outburst. Spock leaves to discuss fuel equations with Scotty in engineering.
With Spock's assistance, the engines are now rebalanced for full warp capacity. The ship successfully goes to warp to intercept the cloud. In the officers lounge, Spock meets with Kirk and McCoy. They discuss Spock's kohlinahr training on Vulcan, and how Spock broke off from his training to join them. Spock describes how he sensed the consciousness of the intruder, from a source more powerful that he has ever encountered, with perfect, logical thought patterns. He believes that it holds the answers he seeks. Uhura tells Kirk over the intercom that they have visual contact with the intruder.
The cloud scans the ship, but Kirk orders no return scans. Spock determines that the scans are coming from the center of the cloud. Uhura tries sending "linguacode" messages, but there is no response. Decker suggests raising the shields for protection, but Kirk determines that that might be considered hostile to the cloud. Spock analyzes the clouds composition, and discovers it has a 12-power energy field, the equivalent of power generated by thousands of starships.
Sitting at the science station, Spock awakens from a brief trance. He reveals to Kirk that the alien was communicating with him. The alien is puzzled; it contacted the Enterprise--why has the Enterprise not replied? A red alert sounds, and an energy beam from within the cloud touches the ship, and begins to overload the ship's systems. Bolts of lightning surround the warp core and nearly injure some engineering officers, and Chekov is also hurt--his hand is burned while sitting at the weapons station on the bridge. The energy beam then disappears. A medical team is summoned to the bridge, and Ilia is able to use her telepathic powers to soothe Chekov's pain.
Spock confirms to Kirk that the alien has been attempting to communicate. It communicates at a frequency of more than one million megahertz, and at such a high rate of speed, the message only lasts a millisecond. Spock programs to computer to send linguacode messages at that frequency. Another energy beam is sent out, but Spock transmits a message just in time, and the beam disappears. The ship continues on course through the cloud. They pass through many expansive and colorful cloud layers and upon clearing these, a giant vessel is revealed. It is roughly cylindrical in shape, with large spikes jutting out from the surface at equidistant angles between each other, forming a hexagon-like shape.
Kirk tells Uhura to transmit an image of the alien to Starfleet, but she explains that any transmission sent out of the cloud is being reflected back to them. Kirk orders Sulu to fly above and along the top of the vessel. The Enterprise is so small compared to the size of the alien vessel that it appears only as a little white dot next to it. The ship travels past many oddly-shaped structures, including a sunken area where the energy beams originate.
An alarm sounds, and yet another energy bolt approaches the ship. It appears on the bridge as a column of bright light that emits a very loud noise. The crew struggles to shield their eyes from its brilliant glow. Chekov asks Spock if it is one of the alien's crew, and Spock replies that it is a probe sent from the vessel. The probe slowly moves around the room and stops in front of the science station. Bolts of lightning shoot out from it and surround the console--it is trying to access the ship's computer. Spock manages to smash the controls to prevent further access, and the probe gives him an electric shock that sends him rolling onto the floor. The probe approaches the helm/navigation console and it scans Lt. Ilia. Suddenly, she vanishes, along with the probe.
Ahead of the ship looms another giant section of the vessel. A tractor beam is drawing the Enterprise toward an opening aperture. Decker calls for Chief DiFalco (Marcy Lafferty) to come up to the bridge as Ilia's replacement. The ship travels deep into the next chamber. Decker wonders why they were brought inside--they could have been easily destroyed outside. Spock deduces that the alien is curious about them. Uhura's monitor shows that the aperture is closing; they are trapped. The ship is released from the tractor beam and suddenly, an intruder alert goes off. Someone has come aboard the ship and is in the crew quarters section.
Kirk and Spock arrive inside a crewman's quarters to discover that the intruder is inside the sonic shower. It is revealed to be Ilia, although it isn't really her--there is a small red device attached to her neck. In a mechanized voice, she replies "You are the Kirk unit--you will listen to me." She explains that she has been programmed by an entity called "V'Ger" to observe and record the normal functions of the carbon-based units (humans) "infesting" the Enterprise. Kirk opens the shower door and "Ilia" steps out, wearing a small white garment that just materialized around her. Dr. McCoy and a security officer enter the room, and Kirk tells McCoy to scan her with a tricorder.
Kirk asks her who V'Ger is. She replies "V'Ger is that which programmed me." McCoy tells Kirk that Ilia is a mechanism and Spock confirms she is a probe that assumed Ilia's physical form. Kirk asks where the real Ilia is, and the probe states that "that unit" no longer functions. Kirk also asks why V'Ger is traveling to Earth, and the probe answers that it wishes to find the Creator, join with him, and become one with it. Spock suggests that McCoy perform a complete examination of the probe.
In sickbay, the Ilia probe lays on a diagnostic table, its sensors slowly taking readings. All normal body functions, down to the microscopic level, are exactly duplicated by the probe. Decker arrives and is stunned to see her there. She looks up at him and addresses him as "Decker", rather than "Decker unit," which intrigues Spock. Spock talks with Kirk and Decker in an adjoining room, and Spock locks the door. Spock theorizes that the real Ilia's memories and feelings have been duplicated by the probe as well as her body. Decker is angry that the probe killed Ilia, but Kirk convinces him that their only contact with the vessel is through the probe, and they need to use that advantage to find out more about the alien. Suddenly, the probe bursts through the door, and demands that Kirk assist her with her observations. He tells her that Decker will do it with more efficiency.
Decker and Ilia are seen walking around in the recreation room. He shows her pictures of previous ships that were named Enterprise. Decker has been trying to see if Ilia's memories or emotions can resurface, but to no avail. Kirk and McCoy are observing them covertly on a monitor from his quarters. Decker shows her a game that the crew enjoys playing. She is not interested and states that recreation and enjoyment has no meaning to her programming. At another game, which Ilia enjoyed and nearly always won, they both press one of their hands down onto a table to play it. The table lights up, indicating she won the game, and she gazes into Deckers eyes. This moment of emotion ends suddenly, and she returns to normal. "This device serves no purpose."
"Why does the Enterprise require the presence of carbon units?" she asks. Decker tells her the ship couldn't function without them. She tells him that more information is needed before the crew can be patterned for data storage. Horrified, he asks her what this means. "When my examination is complete, all carbon units will be reduced to data patterns." He tells her that within her are the memory patterns of a certain carbon unit. He convinces her to let him help her revive those patterns so that she can understand their functions better. She allows him to proceed.
Spock slowly enters an airlock room. He sees an officer standing at a console, his back to Spock. Spock quietly approaches him, and gives him the Vulcan nerve pinch to render him unconscious.
Decker, the probe, Dr. McCoy, and Dr. Chapel are in Ilia's quarters. Dr. Chapel gives the probe a decorative headband that Ilia used to wear. Chapel puts it over "Ilia's" head and turns her toward a mirror. Decker asks her if she remembers wearing it on Delta IV. The probe shows another moment of emotion, saying Dr. Chapel's name, and putting her hand on Decker's face, calling him Will. Behind them, McCoy reminds Decker that she is a mechanism. Decker asks "Ilia" to help them make contact with V'Ger. She says that she can't, and Decker asks her who the Creator is. She says V'Ger does not know. The probe becomes emotionless again and removes the headband.
Spock is now outside the ship in a space suit with an attached thruster pack. He begins recording a log entry for Kirk detailing his attempt to contact the alien. He activates a panel on the suit and calculates thruster ignition and acceleration to coincide with the opening of an aperture ahead of him. He hopes to get a better view of the spacecraft interior.
Kirk comes up to the bridge and Uhura tells him that Starfleet signals are growing stronger, indicating they are very close to Earth. Starfleet is monitoring the intruder and notifies Uhura that it is slowing down in its approach. Sulu confirms this and says that lunar beacons show the intruder is entering into orbit. Chekov tells Kirk that Airlock 4 has been opened and a thruster suit is missing. Kirk figures out that Spock has done it, and orders Chekov to get Spock back on the ship. He changes his mind, and instead tells him to determine his position.
Spock touches a button on his thruster panel and his thruster engine ignites. He is propelled forward rapidly, and enters the next chamber of the vessel just before the aperture closes behind him. The thruster engine shuts down, and the momentum carries Spock ahead further. He disconnects the thruster pack from his suit and it falls away from him.
Continuing his log entry, Spock sees an image of what he believes to be V'Gers home planet. He passes through a tunnel filled with crackling plasma energy, possibly a power source for a gigantic imaging system. Next, he sees several more images of planets, moons, stars, and galaxies stored and recorded. Spock theorizes that this may be a visual representation of V'Gers entire journey. "But who or what are we dealing with?" he ponders.
He sees the Epsilon 9 station, and notes to Kirk that he is convinced that all of what he is seeing is V'Ger; and that they are inside a living machine. Then he sees a giant image of Lt. Ilia with the sensor on her neck. Spock decides it must have some special meaning, so he attempts to mind-meld with it. He is quickly overwhelmed by the multitude of images flooding his mind, and is thrown backward.
Kirk is now in a space suit and has exited the ship. The aperture in front of the Enterprise opens, and Spock's unconscious body floats toward him. Later, Dr. Chapel and Dr. McCoy are examining Spock in sickbay. Dr. McCoy performs scans and determines that Spock endured massive neurological trauma from the mind-meld. Spock tells Kirk he should have known and Kirk asks if he was right about V'Ger. Spock calls it a conscious, living entity. Kirk explains that V'Ger considers the Enterprise a living machine and it's why "Ilia" refers to the ship as an entity and the crew as an infestation.
Spock describes V'Ger's homeworld as a planet populated by living machines with unbelievable technology. But with all that logic and knowledge, V'Ger is barren, with no mystery or meaning. He momentarily lapses into sleep but Kirk rouses him awake to ask what Spock should have known. Spock grasps Kirk's hand and tells him "This simple feeling is beyond V'Ger's comprehension. No meaning, no hope. And Jim, no answers. It's asking questions. 'Is this all that I am? Is there nothing more?'"
Uhura chimes in and tells Kirk that they are getting a faint signal from Starfleet. The intruder has been on their monitors for a while and the cloud is rapidly dissipating as it approaches. Sulu also comments that the intruder has slowed to sub-warp speed and is three minutes from Earth orbit. Kirk acknowledges and he, McCoy and Spock go up to the bridge.
Starfleet sends the Enterprise a tactical report on the intruders position. Uhura tells Kirk that V'Ger is transmitting a signal. Decker and "Ilia" come up to the bridge, and she says that V'Ger is signaling the Creator. Spock determines that the transmission is a radio signal. Decker tells Kirk that V'Ger expects an answer, but Kirk doesn't know the question. Then "Ilia" says that the Creator has not responded. An energy bolt is released from V'Ger and positions itself above Earth. Chekov reports that all planetary defense systems have just gone inoperative. Several more bolts are released, and they all split apart to form smaller ones and they assume equidistant positions around the planet.
McCoy notices that the bolts are the same ones that hit the ship earlier, and Spock says that these are hundreds of times more powerful, and from those positions, they can destroy all life on Earth. "Why?" Kirk asks "Ilia." She says that the carbon unit infestation will be removed from the Creator's planet as they are interfering with the Creator's ability to respond and accuses the crew of infesting the Enterprise and interfering in the same manner. Kirk tells "Ilia" that carbon units are a natural function of the Creator's planet and they are living things, not infestations. However "Ilia" says they are not true life forms like the Creator. McCoy realizes V'Ger must think its creator is a machine.
Spock compares V'Ger to a child, and suggests they treat it like one. McCoy retorts that this child is about to wipe out every living thing on Earth. To get "Ilia's" attention, Kirk says that the carbon units know why the Creator hasn't responded. The Ilia probe demands that the Creator "disclose the information." Kirk won't do it until V'Ger withdraws all the orbiting devices. In response to this, V'Ger cuts off the ship's communications with Starfleet. She tells him again to disclose the information. He refuses, and a plasma energy attack shakes the ship. McCoy tells Spock that the child is having a "tantrum."
Kirk tells the probe that if V'Ger destroys the Enterprise, then the information it needs will also be destroyed. Ilia says that it is illogical to withhold the required information, and asks him why he won't disclose it. Kirk explains it is because V'Ger is going to destroy all life on Earth. "Ilia" says that they have oppressed the Creator, and Kirk makes it clear he will not disclose anything. V'Ger needs the information, says "Ilia." Kirk says that V'Ger will have to withdraw all the orbiting devices. "Ilia" says that V'Ger will comply, if the carbon units give the information.
Spock tells Kirk that V'Ger must have a central brain complex. Kirk theorizes that the orbiting devices are controlled from there. Kirk tells "Ilia" that the information cant be disclosed to V'Ger's probe, but only to V'Ger itself. "Ilia" stares at the viewscreen, and, in response, the aperture opens and drags the ship forward with a tractor beam into the next chamber. Chekov tells Kirk that the energy bolts will reach their final positions and activate in 27 minutes. Kirk calls to Scotty on the intercom and tells him to stand by to execute Starfleet Order 2005; the self-destruct command. A female crewmember asks Scotty why Kirk ordered self-destruct, and Scotty tells her that Kirk hopes that when they explode, so will the intruder.
The countdown is now down to 18 minutes. DiFalco reports that they have traveled 17 kilometers inside the vessel. Kirk goes over to Spock's station, and sees that Spock has been crying. "Not for us," Kirk realizes. Spock tells him he is crying for V'Ger, and that he weeps for V'Ger as he would for a brother. As he was when he came aboard the Enterprise, so is V'Ger now--empty, incomplete, and searching. Logic and knowledge are not enough. McCoy realizes Spock has found what he needed, but that V'Ger hasn't. Decker wonders what V'Ger would need to fulfill itself.
Spock comments that each one of us, at some point in our lives asks, "Why am I here?" "What was I meant to be?" V'Ger hopes to touch its Creator and find those answers. DiFalco directs Kirk's attention to the viewscreen. Ahead of them is a structure with a bright light. Sulu reports that forward motion has stopped. Chekov replies that an oxygen/gravity envelope has formed outside of the ship. "Ilia" points to the structure on the screen and identifies it as V'Ger. Uhura has located the source of the radio signal and it is straight ahead. A passageway forms outside the ship as Kirk Spock, McCoy, Decker, and "Ilia" enter a turbolift.
The landing party exits an airlock on the top of the saucer section and walks up the passageway. At the end of the path is a concave structure, and in the center of it is an old NASA probe from three centuries earlier. Kirk tries to rub away the smudges on the nameplate and makes out the letters V G E R. He continues to rub, and discovers that the craft is actually Voyager 6. Kirk recalls the history of the Voyager program--it was designed to collect data and transmit it back to Earth. Decker tells Kirk that Voyager 6 disappeared through a black hole.
Kirk says that it must have emerged on the far side of the galaxy and got caught in the machine planet's gravity. Spock theorizes that the planet's inhabitants found the probe to be one of their own kind--primitive, yet kindred. They discovered the probe's 20th century programming, which was to collect data and return that information to its creator. The machines interpreted that instruction literally, and constructed the entire vessel so that Voyager could fulfill its programming. Kirk continues by saying that on its journey back, it amassed so much knowledge that it gained its own consciousness.
"Ilia" tells Kirk that V'Ger awaits the information. Kirk calls Uhura on his communicator and tells her to find information on the probe in the ship's computer, specifically the NASA code signal, which will allow the probe to transmit its data. Decker realizes that that is what the probe was signaling--it's ready to transmit everything. Kirk then says that there is no one on Earth who recognizes the old-style signal--the Creator does not answer.
Kirk calls out to V'Ger and says that they are the Creator. "Ilia" says that is not logical--carbon units are not true life forms. Kirk says they will prove it by allowing V'Ger to complete its programming. Uhura calls Kirk on his communicator and tells him she has retrieved the code. Kirk tells her to set the Enterprise transmitter to the code frequency and to transmit the signal. Decker reads off the numerical code on his tricorder, and is about to read the final sequence, but Voyager's circuitry burns out, an effort by V'Ger itself to prevent the last part of the code from being transmitted.
"Ilia" says that the Creator must join with V'Ger, and turns toward Decker. McCoy warns Kirk that they only have 10 minutes left. Decker figures out that V'Ger wanted to bring the Creator here and transmit the code in person. Spock tells Kirk that V'Ger's knowledge has reached the limits of the universe and it must evolve. Kirk says that V'Ger needs a human quality in order to evolve. Decker thinks that V'Ger joining with the Creator will accomplish that. He then goes over to the damaged circuitry and fixes the wires so he can manually enter the rest of the code through the ground test computer. Kirk tries to stop him, but "Ilia" tosses him aside. Decker tells Kirk that he wants this as much as Kirk wanted the Enterprise.
Suddenly, a bright light forms around Decker's body. "Ilia" moves over to him, and the light encompasses them both as they merge together. Their bodies disappear, and the light expands and begins to consume the area. Kirk, Spock, and McCoy retreat back to the Enterprise. V'Ger explodes, leaving the Enterprise above Earth, unharmed. On the bridge, Kirk wonders if they just saw the beginning of a new life form, and Spock says yes and that it is possibly the next step in their evolution. McCoy says that its been a while since he "delivered" a baby, and hopes that they got this one off to a good start.
Uhura tells Kirk that Starfleet is requesting the ship's damage and injury reports and vessel status. Kirk reports that there were only two casualties: Lt. Ilia and Captain Decker. He quickly corrects his statement and changes their status to "missing." Vessel status: fully operational. Scotty comes on the bridge and agrees with Kirk that it's time to give the Enterprise a proper shakedown. When Scotty offers to have Spock back on Vulcan in four days, Spock says that's unnecessary, as his task on Vulcan is completed.
Kirk tells Sulu to proceed ahead at warp factor one. When DiFalco asks for a heading, Kirk simply says "Out there, thataway." With that, the Enterprise flies overhead and engages warp drive.
youtu.be/4n2dGwYcp9k?t=8s Star Trek Theme
POMPEII ARCHEOLOGIA: Soprintendenza speciale di Napoli e Pompei & Amianto negli scavi, Notizie - IL GIORNALE DELL"ARTE (02/2010 - 04/2013).
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Foto / fonte / source:
John Martin, ‘The Destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum’ (c.1821). Tate British Museum London. John Martin (1789-1854). Damaged By 1928 Flood, Pompeii Painting By John Martin Now Restored. (19/09/2011). NPR.
John Martin, 'La distruzione di Pompei ed Ercolano' (c.1821). Tate British Museum di Londra. John Martin (1789-1854). Danneggiato Nel 1928 inondazioni, Pittura Pompei Di John Martin ora restaurato.
www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2011/09/19/140604524/damaged...
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-- ARCHEOLOGIA - Addio ad Annamaria Ciarallo, per vent'anni diresse il Laboratorio sperimentale degli scavi di Pompei. Nocera Inferiore (Sa). È scomparsa Annamaria Ciarallo, biologa naturalista, responsabile sino al primo settembre 2011 del laboratorio di ricerche archeo-ambientali della Soprintendenza speciale di Napoli e Pompei. La scienziata è mancata domenica per una caduta ...
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 9 aprile 2013 9:05
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2013/4/116079.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, i cantieri partono tra le contestazioni. Pompei (Napoli). Visita, stamani, con contestazione dei lavoratori di Fillea – Cgil Restauri, ai cantieri avviati negli scavi nell’ambito del Grande Progetto Pompei, dei ministri Barca, Cancellieri, Ornaghi, del commissario europeo per le politiche regionali ...
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 6 febbraio 2013 18:43
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2013/2/115562.html
-- NOTIZIE. Al via il «Progetto Pompei». E partono gli arresti per i restauri ai tempi del commissario Fiori
Pompei. Partono ufficialmente oggi i lavori dei primi tre restauri del «progetto Pompei», con parte dei 100 milioni messi a disposizione dalla Unione Europea. Il via al restauro del sito archeologico avverrà alla presenza del commissario europeo alle politiche ...
di Edek Osser, edizione online, 6 febbraio 2013 10:12
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2013/2/115556.html
-- NOTIZIE, Grande Progetto Pompei: parte il recupero di due domus Pompei. Il 6 febbraio partirà il Grande Progetto Pompei con i primi due interventi riguardanti il recupero strutturale di due delle cinque domus individuate. Lo ha annunciato il ministro per la Coesione territoriale Fabrizio Barca nel corso della presentazione ...
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 1 febbraio 2013 15:41
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2013/2/115521.html
-- NOTIZIE, Teatro di Pompei, spesi 7,5 milioni di euro anziché i 500mila previsti. Il resoconto della Commissione Cultura del Senato sui costi del restauro, oggetto anche di un'inchiesta della Procura della Repubblica Roma. Per i «criticati e discutibili» lavori di restauro del teatro antico di Pompei, e per la stagione teatrale del 2010, sono stati spesi 7,5 milioni di euro invece dei 500mila previsti al progetto iniziale.È il dato contenuto nella discussione pubblica della ...
di Tina Lepri, edizione online, 10 ottobre 2012 13:22
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2012/10/114499.html
-- NOTIZIE, Mozione del Senato: Salvare subito Pompei. L’ex ministro Bondi: diamo il sito in gestione alla Germania
Roma. Arrivano le piogge, a Pompei aumenta il rischio crolli e i 105 milioni dei fondi europei destinati al grande progetto per salvare la città dal disfacimento (causato anche dalla mancata manutenzione ordinaria) tardano ad arrivare. Così il Governo deve ...
di Tina Lepri, edizione online, 28 settembre 2012 15:40
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2012/9/114474.html
-- ARCHEOLOGIA, Pompei, crolla una trave nella Villa dei Misteri. Pompei (Napoli). Un fascicolo è stato aperto dai carabinieri della compagnia di Torre Annunziata sul nuovo crollo che ha interessato sabato scorso il peristilio della Villa dei Misteri, a Pompei. A cadere, questa volta, è stata una trave il legno della copertura.
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 11 settembre 2012 11:32
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2012/9/114230.html
-- NOTIZIE, Napoli, la normalità dell'emergenza. Terza puntata della grande inchiesta sull’Italia malata
Napoli. Il più vasto e straordinario centro antico d’Europa appare una sterminata, gigantesca rovina. Napoli è una «Pompei che non è mai stata sepolta», scriveva Curzio Malaparte. Nei vecchi quartieri, lungo i Decumani, la storia millenaria della città emerge ...
di Dai nostri inviati Edek Osser e Tina Lepri, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 322, luglio 2012
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2012/7/114021.html
-- NOTIZIE, Amianto a Pompei, avviso di garanzia alla Soprintendente Un «atto dovuto», finalizzato a consentire prelievi nei locali usati come uffici, in seguito alla morte di alcuni impiegati della Soprintendenza Pompei. Avvisata dalla Procura della Repubblica di Torre Annunziata, Teresa Elena Cinquantaquattro, la soprintendente archeologa di Napoli e Pompei. L'atto di garanzia, dovuto e finalizzato a consentire ai periti nominati di effettuare prelievi nell'area dei ...
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 24 maggio 2012 20:06
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2012/5/113487.html
-- ARCHEOLOGIA, Vento a Pompei, nuovi distacchi nella domus di Venere in conchiglia
Pompei (Napoli). Il forte vento che per quasi tre giorni ha flagellato l’area degli scavi di Pompei ha provocato nuovi danni nella domus della Venere in conchiglia e in quella di Loreio Tiburtino. Nel primo caso, le raffiche hanno causato il distacco, in due ...
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 15 marzo 2012 13:48
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2012/3/112420.html
-- ARCHEOLOGIA, Pompei, perde i pezzi anche la Casa di Venere in conchiglia. Pompei (Napoli). Nuovi distacchi d'intonaco a Pompei. A subire l'inclemenza del maltempo e del vento fortissimo che da quasi ventiquattro ore sta flagellando l'area sud del Vesuvio, questa volta è una delle pareti della casa detta della Venere in conchiglia, ...
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 28 febbraio 2012 4:41
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2012/2/112130.html
-- NOTIZIE, Via la camorra da Pompei: parola di ministri - Roma. Il primo a dichiarare guerra alla malavita organizzata («Via la camorra dai restauri di Pompei dove sono in arrivo 105 milioni di euro dall’Unione Europea: la città deve diventare un esempio di cambiamento») è stato il ministro Lorenzo Ornaghi. Di fine ...
di Tina Lepri, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 317, febbraio 2012
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2012/2/112078.html
NOTIZIE, Pompei, gare blindate anticamorra - Accordo fra i ministri Cancellieri, Ornaghi, Barca per garantire sicurezza e trasparenza agli appalti da 105 milioni di euro
Roma. Per evitare i rischi di infiltrazioni camorriste, saranno appalti blindati quelli di Pompei attuati con i 105 milioni di euro dei fondi Fas. È un accordo senza precedenti quello firmato tra i ministri dell'Interno, Anna Maria Cancellieri, dei Beni culturali ...
di Tina Lepri, edizione online, 25 gennaio 2012 14:07
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2012/1/111722.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, in arrivo una task-force per gli scavi - Pompei (Napoli). Ventitré specialisti per Pompei. È la task-force formata da archeologi (13), architetti (9) e funzionari (1) che da domani sarà operativa negli scavi. Il loro insediamento ufficiale avverrà dopo essere stati ricevuti dalla soprintendente Teresa Elena Cinquantaquattro.
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 4 gennaio 2012 17:22
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2012/1/111387.html
-- NOTIZIE, Amianto negli scavi di Pompei, la Procura apre un fascicolo. Sette i casi di dipendenti della Soprintendenza morti per carcinoma ai polmoni. L'ultimo pochi giorni prima di Natale. Chiuse intanto le indagini sui presunti sprechi per il recupero del Teatro Grande, a breve gli avvisi di garanzia
Pompei (Napoli). Aperto un fascicolo sulle morti per tumore provocato da amianto tra i dipendenti degli scavi di Pompei. L'ultima vittima del fibrocemento nascosto nei prefabbricati che da quasi trent'anni ospitano gli uffici della Soprintendenza archeologica ...
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 29 dicembre 2011 12:42
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/12/111326.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, crolla un pilastro della domus di Loreio Tiburtino - Pompei (Napoli). Questa volta a cedere è stato uno dei pilastri del pergolato esterno della casa detta di Loreio Tiburtino. A dare la notizia è stata la stessa Soprintendenza archeologica che ha anche effettuato un sopralluogo con i tecnici per quantificare i danni e chiarire le cause del cedimento.
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 22 dicembre 2011 18:02
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/12/111295.html
-- NOTIZIE, Torre Annunziata, cadono a pezzi gli affreschi della villa di Poppea - Torre Annunziata (Na). Cadono a pezzi gli enormi affreschi del I secolo a.C. della lussuosa Villa di Poppea a Oplontis (Torre Annunziata), mentre un altro famoso gioiello archeologico dell'area vesuviana, Villa San Marco a Castellammare di Stabia, è a rischio ...
di Tina Lepri, edizione online, 25 novembre 2011 12:45
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/11/111020.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei: contrordine, non è crollato niente - La Soprintendenza smentisce quanto segnalato dalla Uil: nessun crollo nella Villa di Diomede. Possibile una denuncia per «procurato allarme»
Pompei. Terminato il sopralluogo nella domus di Diomede a Pompei, la Soprintedenza ha smentito che vi siano stati crolli di murature come segnalato da Uil bac. «La verifica effettuata sul posto dai tecnici della Soprintendenza, in sopralluogo congiunto con ...
edizione online, 27 ottobre 2011 13:34
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/10/110656.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, uno stillicidio di crolli - Un nuovo caso: cede un muro all'interno della Villa di Diomede
Pompei. Nuovo crollo segnalato a Pompei. A cedere, questa volta, è stato un muro all’interno della Villa di Diomede, una delle domus più importanti degli scavi, situata lungo la Via Consolare, la strada che da Porta Ercolano mena a Villa dei Misteri. A segnalare ...
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 27 ottobre 2011 12:55
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/10/110655.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, crollano anche i muri moderni - Pompei. Ancora un crollo all’interno degli scavi di Pompei. Il cedimento, anche questo causato con ogni probabilità da infiltrazioni di acqua dovute alla pioggia sferzante abbattutasi sull’area vesuviana nella giornata di ieri, ha interessato però murature moderne.
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 25 ottobre 2011 16:35
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/10/110642.html
-- NOTIZIE, Nuovo crollo a Pompei: cede un muro - Attesi per mercoledì il commissario europeo Hahn e il ministro Galan
Pompei (Na). Nuovo crollo di murature antiche a Pompei. Il cedimento di un pezzo di muro in «opera incerta» sarebbe avvenuto ieri mattina, in seguito al forte temporale che in nottata si è abbattuto sull'area vesuviana. L'area interessata è quella esterna alle ...
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 22 ottobre 2011 12:50
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/10/110614.html
-- ARCHEOLOGIA, Il rosso pompeiano? Tutta colpa del Vesuvio - Lo studio di un ricercatore del Cnr: in origine le pareti delle domus di Pompei ed Ercolano erano di color giallo ocra
Roma. Sarebbe stata una sequenza di sintesi chimiche, causate dai gas espulsi dal Vesuvio nel 79 dopo Cristo a cambiare i colori sulle pareti delle domus pompeiane e ercolanesi. E così, le iniziali gradazioni giallo ocra, in seguito al forte calore e all’ossidazione ...
di Carlo Avvisati, edizione online, 16 settembre 2011 11:51
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/9/110208.html
-- ARCHEOLOGIA, Pompei, Settis contro il piano degli imprenditori - Pompei (Napoli). «Pompei? Di questo passo sarebbe meglio seppellirla, così ci garantiamo che non si commettano altri scempi». Una bocciatura totale quella di Salvatore Settis sugli interventi per la salvezza di Pompei che gli imprenditori, soprattutto partenopei, ...
di Tina Lepri, edizione online, 10 giugno 2011 22:31
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/6/108783.html
-- ARCHEOLOGIA, 105 milioni per Pompei, Ercolano e Oplontis - Roma. Il Consiglio superiore per i beni culturali ha approvato il piano finanziario e il programma degli interventi per il recupero dell’area archeologica di Pompei, Ercolano e Oplontis, resi possibili dal contributo della Commissione Europea e delle risorse ...
edizione online, 10 giugno 2011 11:52
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/6/108775.html
-- NOTIZIE, I mali archeologici - L’analisi del triennio 2007-09 sul funzionamento del Ministero e dei siti archeologici: una delle piaghe del Mibac
Roma. Questa volta la Corte dei Conti ha messo il dito su una delle piaghe più dolenti del Ministero dei Beni culturali. Dopo una lunga istruttoria, il 6 maggio scorso è stata pubblicata l’«Indagine sullo stato di manutenzione dei siti archeologici», che contiene ...
di Edek Osser, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 310, giugno 2011
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/6/108395.html
-- ARCHEOLOGIA, Una strategia per Pompei - Il sottosegretario Giro: «Ricostituire la Soprintendenza autonoma e dotare il soprintendente di poteri più incisivi»
Roma. Il sottosegretario ai Beni e alle Attività culturali, Francesco Maria Giro, durante l’interrogazione odierna alla Camera ha delineato le linee guida di una strategia riguardante la salvaguardia dell’area archeologica di Pompei: «Ricostituire la Soprintendenza ...
edizione online, 1 febbraio 2011 17:59
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/2/106507.html
-- NOTIZIE, Sprofondo Sud: tutto chiuso quando piove - Finalmente un soprintendente stabile: Teresa Cinquantaquattro. Intanto, il Piano per Pompei ricompare nel «Milleproroghe»
Pompei (Na). A tre mesi dal crollo della Casa dei Gladiatori, negli scavi di Pompei la situazione è sempre più grave. Un unico dato positivo: il 22 dicembre è finalmente arrivata la soprintendente titolare Teresa Elena Cinquantaquattro dopo un anno di soprintendenti ...
di Edek Osser, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 306, febbraio 2011
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/2/106415.html
-- NOTIZIE, Diego Della Valle insieme con gli imprenditori napoletani per salvare Pompei - Napoli. Diego Della Valle, già impegnato a finanziare il restauro del Colosseo con 25 milioni di euro, promuove il recupero di Pompei. Incontrerà a Napoli gli imprenditori dell'Unione Industriali per lanciare la proposta-progetto per il finanziamento e la ...
di Tina Lepri, edizione online, 31 gennaio 2011 12:34
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/1/106426.html
-- NOTIZIE, Resca, presto anche a Pompei i privati - Pompei. Presto ci sarà spazio per i privati nella manutenzione degli scavi dopo i gravi problemi e i crolli degli ultimi tempi. Lo dice Mario Resca, direttore generale per la valorizzazione del Mibac: «Lo Stato, ricorda il dirigente, non può più permettersi ...
di S.L., edizione online, 26 gennaio 2011 19:05
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/1/106355.html
-- NOTIZIE
Fiori per Guzzo «In merito alla intervista rilasciata dal soprintendente Guzzo, desidero precisare quanto segue. - Intanto chiarezza sulle date: i crolli a Pompei nel novembre 2010 avvengono a 5 mesi dalla cessazione dello stato di emergenza (revocato dal governo il 10 giugno) ...
di Marcello Fiori, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 305, gennaio 2011
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2011/1/106063.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, per i crolli nove avvisi di garanzia - L'ipotesi è di disastro colposo. Tra gli indagati per i lavori compiuti prima del commissariamento ci sarebbe anche l'ex soprintendente Guzzo
Roma. Ci sarebbero nove avvisi di garanzia per i crolli di Pompei con l'ipotesi di disastro colposo per il crollo della Schola Armaturarum e della casa del Moralista. L'inchiesta, si legge in una nota dell'Ansa, è affidata ai Carabinieri su delega della Procura di Torre Annunziata.
edizione online, 16 dicembre 2010 19:11
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/12/105891.html
-- OPINIONI, Che cosa ci sta a fare un archeologo a Pompei? - Nello scorso numero di «Il Giornale dell’Arte» (p. 18), sono state dedicate sei colonne a una lunga intervista non firmata con Mario Resca, ex direttore della catena italiana dei Mc Donald’s e poi promosso al Ministero per i Beni culturali, le cui scelte sono ...
di Didier Bodart, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 304, dicembre 2010
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/12/105862.html
-- NOTIZIE, Operai del Comune per salvare Pompei dai crolli - Pompei. Operai e maestranze del Comune di Pompei per garantire la manutenzione ordinaria della vasta area degli scavi ferita dai continui crolli. Questo il programma: "Salvare gli Scavi", lanciato dal sindaco della città, Claudio D'Alessio, al Ministero per ...
di Tina Lepri, edizione online, 6 dicembre 2010 21:46
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/12/105635.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, si torna alla Soprintendenza autonoma - Roma. Sandro Bondi ha incontrato oggi nella sede del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività culturali il presidente della Regione Campania, Stefano Caldoro e il presidente della Provincia di Napoli, Luigi Cesaro. Nel corso della riunione, cui erano presenti il ...
edizione online, 2 dicembre 2010 21:15
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/12/105554.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, arriva l'Unesco - Pompei (Napoli). Sono arrivati a Pompei tre ispettori Unesco dopo gli ultimi crolli di due muri: parte di una bottega della via Stabiana e del «Piccolo lupanare». I cosiddetti «caschi blu» hanno il compito di verificare scavi e lavori a Pompei, Oplontis ed ...
di Tina Lepri, edizione online, 2 dicembre 2010 12:50
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/12/105540.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, per Bondi «Una spaventosa strumentalizzazione» - Pompei (Napoli). «Su Pompei c'è una spaventosa strumentalizzazione, attacca il ministro Bondi dopo gli ultimi minicrolli e le inevitabili conseguenti polemiche, da parte della sinistra che è una opposizione senza principi e senza onestà politica e intellettuale».
di S.L., edizione online, 2 dicembre 2010 11:55
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/12/105531.html
-- NOTIZIE, Nuovo crollo a Pompei a causa della pioggia - Una Fondazione per gestire il sito archeologico? - Pompei (Napoli). Un nuovo crollo avvenuto oggi nell'area archeologica di Pompei ha interessato due muretti della lunghezza di due metri. Il primo è avvenuto in via Stabiane, il secondo nel Lupanare piccolo. Il cedimento sarebbe conseguenza della pioggia caduta negli ultimi giorni.
edizione online, 1 dicembre 2010 14:16
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/12/105486.html
-- NOTIZIE, Lo Stato ha un vestito a più tasche - Guseppe Proietti, per pochi mesi Soprintendente a Pompei e da settembre in pensione, avverte: «Chi parla di privatizzazione della gestione dei musei non conosce davvero la realtà» Roma. Giuseppe Proietti, dopo la lunga stagione di Guzzo e la parentesi di neanche un anno di Maria Rosaria Salvatore, ha avuto per una manciata di mesi l’interim della Soprintendenza di Pompei, passato fino a fine dicembre a Jeannette Papadopoulos. È stato ...
di Federico Castelli Gattinara, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 304, dicembre 2010
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/12/105465.html
-- NOTIZIE, È così che si salva Pompei, credetemi - Pietro Giovanni Guzzo, per 14 anni alla guida dell’area archeologica, parla del Piano per Pompei da lui avviato, e di quello, fondamentale, per la captazione delle acque piovane. E ammonisce: mai più interventi singoli, perché ogni domus è connessa con quella a fianco
Pompei (Na). Dal 1995 e per 14 anni, fino all’estate del 2009, l’archeologo Pietro Giovanni Guzzo è stato il soprintendente di Pompei e conosce a fondo problemi e possibili rimedi. Si è posto fin dall’inizio il problema della salvezza della città nel suo insieme, ...
di Edek Osser, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 304, dicembre 2010
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/12/105464.html
-- NOTIZIE, Nuovo crollo a Pompei - Riguarderebbe un muro nella Casa del Moralista - Pompei (Na). Un nuovo crollo si è verificato oggi negli scavi archeologici di Pompei. Secondo quanto riportato dall'agenzia Ansa il crollo riguarderebbe un muro grezzo interno al giardino della casa del Moralista, nei pressi della Schola Armaturarum sbriciolatasi lo scorso 6 novembre.
edizione online, 30 novembre 2010 12:15
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/11/105455.html
-- NOTIZIE, Crolli a Pompei e degrado archeologico: Roma non è tranquilla - Roma. È preoccupato per l'area centrale di Roma il commissario straordinario Roberto Cecchi che ha avviato 70 verifiche sulle emergenze già segnalate e vuole promuovere una ispezione generale perché i crolli degli ultimi tempi (Domus Aurea, Mura Aureliane, ...
di Tina Lepri, edizione online, 8 novembre 2010 16:22
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/11/105070.html
-- NOTIZIE, A Pompei il marketing viene prima dell'archeologia - Pompei. Tempio dell'archeologia mondiale a Pompei (66 ettari) lavorano soltanto tre restauratori e 10 archeologi. «Invece dell'arte e della salvaguardia del patrimonio mondiale qui si pensa soltanto a organizzare spettacoli e a fare marketing», afferma Luciana ...
di Tina Lepri, edizione online, 8 novembre 2010 15:54
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/11/105062.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, crolla la Domus dei Gladiatori - Pompei (Na). La Domus di Gladiatori (Schola Armaturarum Juventis Pompeiani), su via dell'Abbondanza, è crollata la mattina del 6 novembre intorno alle ore 6. L'area al momento è transennata e inaccessibile. Tra le possibili cause del crollo, le infiltrazioni ...
edizione online, 8 novembre 2010 10:13
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/11/105016.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, Fondazione o Soprintendenza? - Tra le polemiche e senza soprintendente, si va verso la nuova Fondazione per coinvolgere gli Enti locali, ma lo Stato vorrebbe mantenere il proprio impegno diretto. Intanto la Corte dei Conti dichiara «illegittimi» gli interventi in deroga della Protezione civile e la nomina del commissario Fiori
Pompei (Na). Senza pace il sito archeologico più famoso del mondo. Su Pompei sono piovute nuove critiche dalla stampa nazionale per il degrado degli scavi e giudizi pesanti sull’azione del commissario Marcello Fiori che li ha governati fino allo scorso giugno a nome della Protezione civile.
di Edek Osser, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 303, novembre 2010
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/11/104937.html
-- NOTIZIE, Due nuove nomine nell'infinita polemica su Pompei - Pompei. Valeria Sampaolo, direttrice del Museo archeologico di Napoli, e Antonio Varone, direttore segli scavi di Pompei, sono i nuovi vice soprintendenti di Napoli e Pompei nominati dalla neo Soprintendente Jeannette Papadopoulos (che è in carica fino al ...
di Tina Lepri, edizione online, 7 ottobre 2010 21:35
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/10/104569.html
-- NOTIZIE, Pompei, ruspe in azione vicino agli scavi - Pompei. Le ruspe hanno demolito un immobile e una tettoia magazzino costruiti in una zona vincolata accanto all'area archeologica e agli scavi. A Pompei le forze dell'ordine sequestrano ogni giorno, in media, una costruzione illegale. Rari, invece, gli interventi di demolizione.
di T.L., edizione online, 6 ottobre 2010 11:25
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/10/104470.html
-- NOTIZIE, Per l’Unesco Napoli rischia la cancellazione - Quattro mesi per mettersi in regola: è il tempo rimasto al Comune di Napoli per consegnare all’Unesco, che lo aspetta da 15 anni, il Piano di Gestione e conservazione del centro storico: 720 ettari dal 1995 inseriti nella lista del Patrimonio mondiale. Se ...
di Tina Lepri, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 302, ottobre 2010
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/10/104339.html
-- NOTIZIE, Proiettato fuori - Napoli. Il soprintendente Giuseppe Proietti da fine mese non avrà neppure più l’interim della Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompei, che teneva dalla scadenza del commissario Marcello Fiori (giugno 2010). A sostituirlo arriva Angelo Maria Ardovino (ora Direttore ...
di Edek Osser, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 302, ottobre 2010
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/10/104338.html
-- NOTIZIE, Fiori alla presidenza - Pompei potrebbe tornare presto nelle mani di Marcello Fiori, già commissario straordinario scaduto a giugno scorso. Infatti il futuro di Pompei è ormai nel progetto di nuova Fondazione che dovrà gestire il sito insieme con quello di Ercolano e degli altri scavi vesuviani.
da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 302, ottobre 2010
-- www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/10/104326.html
-- NOTIZIE, Fiori tra le rovine - «Lascio una Pompei migliore», dice Marcello Fiori, commissario dell'area archeologica fino allo scorso 10 giugno. E snocciola obiettivi e risultati che potevano già essere realizzati. Pompei (Napoli). Con un decreto del maggio 2008, il governo Berlusconi, fresco di una vittoria alle elezioni politiche primaverili, dichiara lo stato di emergenza e commissaria l’area archeologica di Pompei. Seguiranno nei mesi successivi simili provvedimenti ...
di Luca Rissotti, edizione online, 8 settembre 2010 11:02
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/9/103851.html
-- NOTIZIE, Restaurato? Meglio: è tutto nuovo - Muti ha inaugurato il teatro «rifunzionalizzato» con nuovissimi blocchetti di tufo
Pompei (Na). Tutela? Conservazione? Restauro? Idee superate da un concetto nuovo: la «rifunzionalizzazione». Applicato a Pompei significa che il Teatro Grande non c’è più, al suo posto una cavea totalmente nuova con gradinate in nuovissimi blocchetti di tufo per 1.800 spettatori.
di Edek Osser, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 300, luglio 2010
www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/2010/7/103627.html
-- NOTIZIE, Casti amanti: dopo il crollo, la scoperta - pompei (na). È stata smentita da Marcello Fiori, commissario per l’area archeologica di Pompei, la notizia di un crollo di murature prossime alla casa dei Casti amanti provocato dalla caduta di una gru usata nell’allestimento di un cantiere di scavo e restauro.
di Carlo Avvisati, da Il Giornale dell'Arte numero 295, febbraio 2010
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Starring William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley, James Doohan, George Takei, Majel Barrett, Walter Koenig, Nichelle Nichols, Persis Khambatta, Stephen Collins, Grace Lee Whitney, Mark Lenard. Directed by Robert Wise.
In Klingon space, three Klingon battle cruisers encounter a huge cloud-like anomaly. On the bridge of one of the ships, the captain (Mark Lenard) orders his crew to fire torpedoes at it, but they have no effect. The ships take evasive action.
Meanwhile, in Federation space, a monitoring station, Epsilon 9, picks up a distress signal from one of the Klingon ships. As the three ships are attempting to escape the cloud, energy beams shoot out and engulf each ship one by one, and they vanish. On Epsilon 9, the crew tracks the course of the cloud and discovers that it is headed for Earth.
On Vulcan, Spock (Leonard Nimoy) has been undergoing the kohlinahr ritual, in which he has been learning how to purge all of his emotions, and is nearly finished with his training. A female Vulcan Master (Edna Glover), surrounded by two men, is about to give him an ornate necklace as a symbol of pure logic, when Spock holds out his hand to stop her. Confused, she mind-melds with him and senses a consciousness calling to him from space that is affecting his human side. She drops the necklace. "You have not yet achieved kohlinahr. You must look elsewhere for your answer," she says as they leave Spock. "You will not find it here."
In San Francisco, Admiral James T. Kirk (William Shatner) arrives at Starfleet Headquarters in a shuttlecraft. He sees Commander Sonak (Jon Rashad Kamal), a Vulcan science officer who is joining the Enterprise crew and recommended for the position by Kirk himself. Kirk is bothered as to why Sonak is not on board yet. Sonak explains that Captain Willard Decker (Stephen Collins), the new captain of the Enterprise, wanted him to complete his science briefing at Headquarters before they left on their mission. The Enterprise has been undergoing a complete "refitting" for the past 18 months and is now under final preparations to leave, which would take at least 20 hours, but Kirk informs him that they only have 12. He tells Sonak to report to him on the Enterprise in one hour; he has a short meeting with Admiral Nogura and is intent on being on the ship.
Kirk transports to an office complex orbiting Earth and meets Montgomery Scott (James Doohan), the Enterprise's chief engineer. Scotty expresses his concern about the tight departure time. The cloud is less than three days away from Earth, and the Enterprise has been ordered to intercept it because they are the only ship in range. Scotty says that the refit can't be finished in 12 hours, and tries to convince him that the ship needs more work done as well as a shakedown cruise. Kirk insists that they are leaving, ready or not. They board a travel pod and begin the journey over to the drydock in orbit that houses the Enterprise.
Scotty tells Kirk that the crew hasn't had enough transition time with all the new equipment and that the engines haven't even been tested at warp power, not to mention that they have an untried captain. Kirk tells Scotty that two and a half years as Chief of Starfleet Operations may have made him a little stale, but that he wouldn't exactly consider himself untried. Kirk then tells a surprised Scotty that Starfleet gave him back his command of the Enterprise. Scotty doubts it, saying that he doesn't think it was that easy with Admiral Nogura, who gave Kirk his orders. They arrive at the Enterprise, and Scotty indulges Kirk with a brief tour of the new exterior of the ship.
Upon docking with the ship, Scotty is summoned to Engineering. Kirk goes up to the bridge, and is informed by Lt. Uhura (Nichelle Nichols) that Starfleet has just transferred command from Captain Decker over to him. Kirk finds Decker in engineering, whom is visibly upset when Kirk breaks the news that he is assuming command, but recognizes it is because Kirk has more experience. Decker will remain on the ship as 2nd officer. As Decker storms off, an alarm sounds. Someone is trying to beam over to the ship, but the transporter is malfunctioning. Kirk and Scotty race to the transporter room. Transporter operator Janice Rand (Grace Lee Whitney) is frantically trying to tell Starfleet to abort the transport, but it is too late. Commander Sonak and an unknown female officer are beaming in, but their bodies aren't re-forming properly in the beam. The female officer screams, and then their bodies disappear. Starfleet signals to them that they have died. Kirk tells Starfleet to express his sympathies to their families.
In the corridor, Kirk sees Decker and tells him they will have to replace Commander Sonak and wants another Vulcan. Decker tells him that no one is available that is familiar with the ship's new design. Kirk tells Decker he will have to double his duties as science officer as well.
In the recreation room, as Kirk briefs the assembled crew on the mission, they receive a transmission from Epsilon 9. Commander Branch (David Gautreaux) tells them they have analyzed the mysterious cloud. It generates an immense amount of energy and measures 2 A.U.s (300 million km) in diameter. There is also a vessel of some kind in the center. They've tried to communicate with it and have performed scans, but the cloud reflects them back. It seems to think of the scans as hostile and attacks them. Like the Klingon ships earlier, Epsilon 9 disappears.
Later on the bridge, Uhura informs Kirk that the transporter is working now. Lt. Ilia, (Persis Khambatta), a bald being from the planet Delta IV, arrives. Decker is happy to see her, as they developed a romantic relationship when he was assigned to her planet several years earlier. Ilia is curious about Decker's reduction in rank and Kirk interrupts and tells her about Decker being the executive and science officer. Decker tells her, with slight sarcasm, that Kirk has the utmost confidence in him. Ilia tells Kirk that her oath of celibacy is on record and asks permission to assume her duties. Uhura tells Kirk that one of the last few crew members to arrive is refusing to beam up. Kirk goes to the transporter room to ensure that "he" beams up.
Kirk tells Starfleet to beam the officer aboard. Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy (DeForest Kelley) materializes on the platform. McCoy is angry that his Starfleet commission was reactivated and that it was Kirk's idea for him to be brought along on the mission. His attitude changes, however, when Kirk says he desperately needs him. McCoy leaves to check out the new sickbay.
The crew finishes its repairs and the Enterprise leaves drydock and into the solar system. Dr. McCoy comes up to the bridge and complains that the new sickbay is nothing but a computer center. Kirk is anxious to intercept the cloud intruder, and orders Hikaru Sulu (George Takei) to go to warp speed. Suddenly, the ship enters a wormhole, which was created by an engine imbalance, and is about to collide with an asteroid that has been pulled inside. Kirk orders the phasers to be fired on it, but Decker tells Pavel Chekov (Walter Koenig) to fire photon torpedoes instead. The asteroid and the wormhole are destroyed. Annoyed, Kirk wants to meet with Decker in his quarters. Dr. McCoy decides to go along.
Kirk demands an explanation from Decker. Decker pointed out that the redesigned Enterprise channeled the phasers through the main engines and because they were imbalanced, the phasers were cut off. Kirk acknowledged that he had saved the ship; however, he accuses Decker of competing with him. Decker tells Kirk that, because of his unfamiliarity with the ship's new design, the mission is in jeopardy. Decker tells Kirk that he will gladly help Kirk understand the new design. Kirk then dismisses him from the room. In the corridor, Decker runs into Ilia. Ilia asked if the confrontation was difficult, and he tells her that it was about as difficult as seeing her again, and apologizes. She asked if he was sorry for leaving Delta IV, or for not saying goodbye. He said that if he had seen her again, would she be able to say goodbye? She says "no," and walked around him and entered her quarters nearby.
Back in Kirk's quarters, McCoy accuses Kirk of being the one who was competing, and the fact that it was Kirk who used the emergency to pressure Starfleet into letting him get command of the Enterprise. McCoy thinks that Kirk is obsessed with keeping his command. On Kirk's console viewscreen, Uhura informs Kirk that a shuttlecraft is approaching and that the occupant wishes to dock. Chekov also pipes in and replies that it appears to be a courier vessel. Kirk tells Chekov to handle the situation.
The shuttle approaches the Enterprise from behind, and the top portion of it detaches and docks at an airlock behind the bridge. Chekov is waiting by the airlock doors and is surprised to see Spock come aboard. Moments later, Spock arrives on the bridge, and everyone is shocked and pleased to see him, yet Spock ignores them. He moves over to the science station and tells Kirk that he is aware of the crisis and knows about the ship's engine design difficulties. He offers to step in as the science officer. McCoy and Dr. Christine Chapel (Majel Barret Roddenberry) come to the bridge to greet Spock, but Spock just stares alarmingly at their emotional outburst. Spock leaves to discuss fuel equations with Scotty in engineering.
With Spock's assistance, the engines are now rebalanced for full warp capacity. The ship successfully goes to warp to intercept the cloud. In the officers lounge, Spock meets with Kirk and McCoy. They discuss Spock's kohlinahr training on Vulcan, and how Spock broke off from his training to join them. Spock describes how he sensed the consciousness of the intruder, from a source more powerful that he has ever encountered, with perfect, logical thought patterns. He believes that it holds the answers he seeks. Uhura tells Kirk over the intercom that they have visual contact with the intruder.
The cloud scans the ship, but Kirk orders no return scans. Spock determines that the scans are coming from the center of the cloud. Uhura tries sending "linguacode" messages, but there is no response. Decker suggests raising the shields for protection, but Kirk determines that that might be considered hostile to the cloud. Spock analyzes the clouds composition, and discovers it has a 12-power energy field, the equivalent of power generated by thousands of starships.
Sitting at the science station, Spock awakens from a brief trance. He reveals to Kirk that the alien was communicating with him. The alien is puzzled; it contacted the Enterprise--why has the Enterprise not replied? A red alert sounds, and an energy beam from within the cloud touches the ship, and begins to overload the ship's systems. Bolts of lightning surround the warp core and nearly injure some engineering officers, and Chekov is also hurt--his hand is burned while sitting at the weapons station on the bridge. The energy beam then disappears. A medical team is summoned to the bridge, and Ilia is able to use her telepathic powers to soothe Chekov's pain.
Spock confirms to Kirk that the alien has been attempting to communicate. It communicates at a frequency of more than one million megahertz, and at such a high rate of speed, the message only lasts a millisecond. Spock programs to computer to send linguacode messages at that frequency. Another energy beam is sent out, but Spock transmits a message just in time, and the beam disappears. The ship continues on course through the cloud. They pass through many expansive and colorful cloud layers and upon clearing these, a giant vessel is revealed. It is roughly cylindrical in shape, with large spikes jutting out from the surface at equidistant angles between each other, forming a hexagon-like shape.
Kirk tells Uhura to transmit an image of the alien to Starfleet, but she explains that any transmission sent out of the cloud is being reflected back to them. Kirk orders Sulu to fly above and along the top of the vessel. The Enterprise is so small compared to the size of the alien vessel that it appears only as a little white dot next to it. The ship travels past many oddly-shaped structures, including a sunken area where the energy beams originate.
An alarm sounds, and yet another energy bolt approaches the ship. It appears on the bridge as a column of bright light that emits a very loud noise. The crew struggles to shield their eyes from its brilliant glow. Chekov asks Spock if it is one of the alien's crew, and Spock replies that it is a probe sent from the vessel. The probe slowly moves around the room and stops in front of the science station. Bolts of lightning shoot out from it and surround the console--it is trying to access the ship's computer. Spock manages to smash the controls to prevent further access, and the probe gives him an electric shock that sends him rolling onto the floor. The probe approaches the helm/navigation console and it scans Lt. Ilia. Suddenly, she vanishes, along with the probe.
Ahead of the ship looms another giant section of the vessel. A tractor beam is drawing the Enterprise toward an opening aperture. Decker calls for Chief DiFalco (Marcy Lafferty) to come up to the bridge as Ilia's replacement. The ship travels deep into the next chamber. Decker wonders why they were brought inside--they could have been easily destroyed outside. Spock deduces that the alien is curious about them. Uhura's monitor shows that the aperture is closing; they are trapped. The ship is released from the tractor beam and suddenly, an intruder alert goes off. Someone has come aboard the ship and is in the crew quarters section.
Kirk and Spock arrive inside a crewman's quarters to discover that the intruder is inside the sonic shower. It is revealed to be Ilia, although it isn't really her--there is a small red device attached to her neck. In a mechanized voice, she replies "You are the Kirk unit--you will listen to me." She explains that she has been programmed by an entity called "V'Ger" to observe and record the normal functions of the carbon-based units (humans) "infesting" the Enterprise. Kirk opens the shower door and "Ilia" steps out, wearing a small white garment that just materialized around her. Dr. McCoy and a security officer enter the room, and Kirk tells McCoy to scan her with a tricorder.
Kirk asks her who V'Ger is. She replies "V'Ger is that which programmed me." McCoy tells Kirk that Ilia is a mechanism and Spock confirms she is a probe that assumed Ilia's physical form. Kirk asks where the real Ilia is, and the probe states that "that unit" no longer functions. Kirk also asks why V'Ger is traveling to Earth, and the probe answers that it wishes to find the Creator, join with him, and become one with it. Spock suggests that McCoy perform a complete examination of the probe.
In sickbay, the Ilia probe lays on a diagnostic table, its sensors slowly taking readings. All normal body functions, down to the microscopic level, are exactly duplicated by the probe. Decker arrives and is stunned to see her there. She looks up at him and addresses him as "Decker", rather than "Decker unit," which intrigues Spock. Spock talks with Kirk and Decker in an adjoining room, and Spock locks the door. Spock theorizes that the real Ilia's memories and feelings have been duplicated by the probe as well as her body. Decker is angry that the probe killed Ilia, but Kirk convinces him that their only contact with the vessel is through the probe, and they need to use that advantage to find out more about the alien. Suddenly, the probe bursts through the door, and demands that Kirk assist her with her observations. He tells her that Decker will do it with more efficiency.
Decker and Ilia are seen walking around in the recreation room. He shows her pictures of previous ships that were named Enterprise. Decker has been trying to see if Ilia's memories or emotions can resurface, but to no avail. Kirk and McCoy are observing them covertly on a monitor from his quarters. Decker shows her a game that the crew enjoys playing. She is not interested and states that recreation and enjoyment has no meaning to her programming. At another game, which Ilia enjoyed and nearly always won, they both press one of their hands down onto a table to play it. The table lights up, indicating she won the game, and she gazes into Deckers eyes. This moment of emotion ends suddenly, and she returns to normal. "This device serves no purpose."
"Why does the Enterprise require the presence of carbon units?" she asks. Decker tells her the ship couldn't function without them. She tells him that more information is needed before the crew can be patterned for data storage. Horrified, he asks her what this means. "When my examination is complete, all carbon units will be reduced to data patterns." He tells her that within her are the memory patterns of a certain carbon unit. He convinces her to let him help her revive those patterns so that she can understand their functions better. She allows him to proceed.
Spock slowly enters an airlock room. He sees an officer standing at a console, his back to Spock. Spock quietly approaches him, and gives him the Vulcan nerve pinch to render him unconscious.
Decker, the probe, Dr. McCoy, and Dr. Chapel are in Ilia's quarters. Dr. Chapel gives the probe a decorative headband that Ilia used to wear. Chapel puts it over "Ilia's" head and turns her toward a mirror. Decker asks her if she remembers wearing it on Delta IV. The probe shows another moment of emotion, saying Dr. Chapel's name, and putting her hand on Decker's face, calling him Will. Behind them, McCoy reminds Decker that she is a mechanism. Decker asks "Ilia" to help them make contact with V'Ger. She says that she can't, and Decker asks her who the Creator is. She says V'Ger does not know. The probe becomes emotionless again and removes the headband.
Spock is now outside the ship in a space suit with an attached thruster pack. He begins recording a log entry for Kirk detailing his attempt to contact the alien. He activates a panel on the suit and calculates thruster ignition and acceleration to coincide with the opening of an aperture ahead of him. He hopes to get a better view of the spacecraft interior.
Kirk comes up to the bridge and Uhura tells him that Starfleet signals are growing stronger, indicating they are very close to Earth. Starfleet is monitoring the intruder and notifies Uhura that it is slowing down in its approach. Sulu confirms this and says that lunar beacons show the intruder is entering into orbit. Chekov tells Kirk that Airlock 4 has been opened and a thruster suit is missing. Kirk figures out that Spock has done it, and orders Chekov to get Spock back on the ship. He changes his mind, and instead tells him to determine his position.
Spock touches a button on his thruster panel and his thruster engine ignites. He is propelled forward rapidly, and enters the next chamber of the vessel just before the aperture closes behind him. The thruster engine shuts down, and the momentum carries Spock ahead further. He disconnects the thruster pack from his suit and it falls away from him.
Continuing his log entry, Spock sees an image of what he believes to be V'Gers home planet. He passes through a tunnel filled with crackling plasma energy, possibly a power source for a gigantic imaging system. Next, he sees several more images of planets, moons, stars, and galaxies stored and recorded. Spock theorizes that this may be a visual representation of V'Gers entire journey. "But who or what are we dealing with?" he ponders.
He sees the Epsilon 9 station, and notes to Kirk that he is convinced that all of what he is seeing is V'Ger; and that they are inside a living machine. Then he sees a giant image of Lt. Ilia with the sensor on her neck. Spock decides it must have some special meaning, so he attempts to mind-meld with it. He is quickly overwhelmed by the multitude of images flooding his mind, and is thrown backward.
Kirk is now in a space suit and has exited the ship. The aperture in front of the Enterprise opens, and Spock's unconscious body floats toward him. Later, Dr. Chapel and Dr. McCoy are examining Spock in sickbay. Dr. McCoy performs scans and determines that Spock endured massive neurological trauma from the mind-meld. Spock tells Kirk he should have known and Kirk asks if he was right about V'Ger. Spock calls it a conscious, living entity. Kirk explains that V'Ger considers the Enterprise a living machine and it's why "Ilia" refers to the ship as an entity and the crew as an infestation.
Spock describes V'Ger's homeworld as a planet populated by living machines with unbelievable technology. But with all that logic and knowledge, V'Ger is barren, with no mystery or meaning. He momentarily lapses into sleep but Kirk rouses him awake to ask what Spock should have known. Spock grasps Kirk's hand and tells him "This simple feeling is beyond V'Ger's comprehension. No meaning, no hope. And Jim, no answers. It's asking questions. 'Is this all that I am? Is there nothing more?'"
Uhura chimes in and tells Kirk that they are getting a faint signal from Starfleet. The intruder has been on their monitors for a while and the cloud is rapidly dissipating as it approaches. Sulu also comments that the intruder has slowed to sub-warp speed and is three minutes from Earth orbit. Kirk acknowledges and he, McCoy and Spock go up to the bridge.
Starfleet sends the Enterprise a tactical report on the intruders position. Uhura tells Kirk that V'Ger is transmitting a signal. Decker and "Ilia" come up to the bridge, and she says that V'Ger is signaling the Creator. Spock determines that the transmission is a radio signal. Decker tells Kirk that V'Ger expects an answer, but Kirk doesn't know the question. Then "Ilia" says that the Creator has not responded. An energy bolt is released from V'Ger and positions itself above Earth. Chekov reports that all planetary defense systems have just gone inoperative. Several more bolts are released, and they all split apart to form smaller ones and they assume equidistant positions around the planet.
McCoy notices that the bolts are the same ones that hit the ship earlier, and Spock says that these are hundreds of times more powerful, and from those positions, they can destroy all life on Earth. "Why?" Kirk asks "Ilia." She says that the carbon unit infestation will be removed from the Creator's planet as they are interfering with the Creator's ability to respond and accuses the crew of infesting the Enterprise and interfering in the same manner. Kirk tells "Ilia" that carbon units are a natural function of the Creator's planet and they are living things, not infestations. However "Ilia" says they are not true life forms like the Creator. McCoy realizes V'Ger must think its creator is a machine.
Spock compares V'Ger to a child, and suggests they treat it like one. McCoy retorts that this child is about to wipe out every living thing on Earth. To get "Ilia's" attention, Kirk says that the carbon units know why the Creator hasn't responded. The Ilia probe demands that the Creator "disclose the information." Kirk won't do it until V'Ger withdraws all the orbiting devices. In response to this, V'Ger cuts off the ship's communications with Starfleet. She tells him again to disclose the information. He refuses, and a plasma energy attack shakes the ship. McCoy tells Spock that the child is having a "tantrum."
Kirk tells the probe that if V'Ger destroys the Enterprise, then the information it needs will also be destroyed. Ilia says that it is illogical to withhold the required information, and asks him why he won't disclose it. Kirk explains it is because V'Ger is going to destroy all life on Earth. "Ilia" says that they have oppressed the Creator, and Kirk makes it clear he will not disclose anything. V'Ger needs the information, says "Ilia." Kirk says that V'Ger will have to withdraw all the orbiting devices. "Ilia" says that V'Ger will comply, if the carbon units give the information.
Spock tells Kirk that V'Ger must have a central brain complex. Kirk theorizes that the orbiting devices are controlled from there. Kirk tells "Ilia" that the information cant be disclosed to V'Ger's probe, but only to V'Ger itself. "Ilia" stares at the viewscreen, and, in response, the aperture opens and drags the ship forward with a tractor beam into the next chamber. Chekov tells Kirk that the energy bolts will reach their final positions and activate in 27 minutes. Kirk calls to Scotty on the intercom and tells him to stand by to execute Starfleet Order 2005; the self-destruct command. A female crewmember asks Scotty why Kirk ordered self-destruct, and Scotty tells her that Kirk hopes that when they explode, so will the intruder.
The countdown is now down to 18 minutes. DiFalco reports that they have traveled 17 kilometers inside the vessel. Kirk goes over to Spock's station, and sees that Spock has been crying. "Not for us," Kirk realizes. Spock tells him he is crying for V'Ger, and that he weeps for V'Ger as he would for a brother. As he was when he came aboard the Enterprise, so is V'Ger now--empty, incomplete, and searching. Logic and knowledge are not enough. McCoy realizes Spock has found what he needed, but that V'Ger hasn't. Decker wonders what V'Ger would need to fulfill itself.
Spock comments that each one of us, at some point in our lives asks, "Why am I here?" "What was I meant to be?" V'Ger hopes to touch its Creator and find those answers. DiFalco directs Kirk's attention to the viewscreen. Ahead of them is a structure with a bright light. Sulu reports that forward motion has stopped. Chekov replies that an oxygen/gravity envelope has formed outside of the ship. "Ilia" points to the structure on the screen and identifies it as V'Ger. Uhura has located the source of the radio signal and it is straight ahead. A passageway forms outside the ship as Kirk Spock, McCoy, Decker, and "Ilia" enter a turbolift.
The landing party exits an airlock on the top of the saucer section and walks up the passageway. At the end of the path is a concave structure, and in the center of it is an old NASA probe from three centuries earlier. Kirk tries to rub away the smudges on the nameplate and makes out the letters V G E R. He continues to rub, and discovers that the craft is actually Voyager 6. Kirk recalls the history of the Voyager program--it was designed to collect data and transmit it back to Earth. Decker tells Kirk that Voyager 6 disappeared through a black hole.
Kirk says that it must have emerged on the far side of the galaxy and got caught in the machine planet's gravity. Spock theorizes that the planet's inhabitants found the probe to be one of their own kind--primitive, yet kindred. They discovered the probe's 20th century programming, which was to collect data and return that information to its creator. The machines interpreted that instruction literally, and constructed the entire vessel so that Voyager could fulfill its programming. Kirk continues by saying that on its journey back, it amassed so much knowledge that it gained its own consciousness.
"Ilia" tells Kirk that V'Ger awaits the information. Kirk calls Uhura on his communicator and tells her to find information on the probe in the ship's computer, specifically the NASA code signal, which will allow the probe to transmit its data. Decker realizes that that is what the probe was signaling--it's ready to transmit everything. Kirk then says that there is no one on Earth who recognizes the old-style signal--the Creator does not answer.
Kirk calls out to V'Ger and says that they are the Creator. "Ilia" says that is not logical--carbon units are not true life forms. Kirk says they will prove it by allowing V'Ger to complete its programming. Uhura calls Kirk on his communicator and tells him she has retrieved the code. Kirk tells her to set the Enterprise transmitter to the code frequency and to transmit the signal. Decker reads off the numerical code on his tricorder, and is about to read the final sequence, but Voyager's circuitry burns out, an effort by V'Ger itself to prevent the last part of the code from being transmitted.
"Ilia" says that the Creator must join with V'Ger, and turns toward Decker. McCoy warns Kirk that they only have 10 minutes left. Decker figures out that V'Ger wanted to bring the Creator here and transmit the code in person. Spock tells Kirk that V'Ger's knowledge has reached the limits of the universe and it must evolve. Kirk says that V'Ger needs a human quality in order to evolve. Decker thinks that V'Ger joining with the Creator will accomplish that. He then goes over to the damaged circuitry and fixes the wires so he can manually enter the rest of the code through the ground test computer. Kirk tries to stop him, but "Ilia" tosses him aside. Decker tells Kirk that he wants this as much as Kirk wanted the Enterprise.
Suddenly, a bright light forms around Decker's body. "Ilia" moves over to him, and the light encompasses them both as they merge together. Their bodies disappear, and the light expands and begins to consume the area. Kirk, Spock, and McCoy retreat back to the Enterprise. V'Ger explodes, leaving the Enterprise above Earth, unharmed. On the bridge, Kirk wonders if they just saw the beginning of a new life form, and Spock says yes and that it is possibly the next step in their evolution. McCoy says that its been a while since he "delivered" a baby, and hopes that they got this one off to a good start.
Uhura tells Kirk that Starfleet is requesting the ship's damage and injury reports and vessel status. Kirk reports that there were only two casualties: Lt. Ilia and Captain Decker. He quickly corrects his statement and changes their status to "missing." Vessel status: fully operational. Scotty comes on the bridge and agrees with Kirk that it's time to give the Enterprise a proper shakedown. When Scotty offers to have Spock back on Vulcan in four days, Spock says that's unnecessary, as his task on Vulcan is completed.
Kirk tells Sulu to proceed ahead at warp factor one. When DiFalco asks for a heading, Kirk simply says "Out there, thataway." With that, the Enterprise flies overhead and engages warp drive.
youtu.be/4n2dGwYcp9k?t=8s Star Trek Theme
Star Trek: The Motion Picture (Paramount, 1979).
putlocker.bz/watch-star-trek-the-motion-picture-online-fr... Full Feature
Starring William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley, James Doohan, George Takei, Majel Barrett, Walter Koenig, Nichelle Nichols, Persis Khambatta, Stephen Collins, Grace Lee Whitney, Mark Lenard. Directed by Robert Wise.
In Klingon space, three Klingon battle cruisers encounter a huge cloud-like anomaly. On the bridge of one of the ships, the captain (Mark Lenard) orders his crew to fire torpedoes at it, but they have no effect. The ships take evasive action.
Meanwhile, in Federation space, a monitoring station, Epsilon 9, picks up a distress signal from one of the Klingon ships. As the three ships are attempting to escape the cloud, energy beams shoot out and engulf each ship one by one, and they vanish. On Epsilon 9, the crew tracks the course of the cloud and discovers that it is headed for Earth.
On Vulcan, Spock (Leonard Nimoy) has been undergoing the kohlinahr ritual, in which he has been learning how to purge all of his emotions, and is nearly finished with his training. A female Vulcan Master (Edna Glover), surrounded by two men, is about to give him an ornate necklace as a symbol of pure logic, when Spock holds out his hand to stop her. Confused, she mind-melds with him and senses a consciousness calling to him from space that is affecting his human side. She drops the necklace. "You have not yet achieved kohlinahr. You must look elsewhere for your answer," she says as they leave Spock. "You will not find it here."
In San Francisco, Admiral James T. Kirk (William Shatner) arrives at Starfleet Headquarters in a shuttlecraft. He sees Commander Sonak (Jon Rashad Kamal), a Vulcan science officer who is joining the Enterprise crew and recommended for the position by Kirk himself. Kirk is bothered as to why Sonak is not on board yet. Sonak explains that Captain Willard Decker (Stephen Collins), the new captain of the Enterprise, wanted him to complete his science briefing at Headquarters before they left on their mission. The Enterprise has been undergoing a complete "refitting" for the past 18 months and is now under final preparations to leave, which would take at least 20 hours, but Kirk informs him that they only have 12. He tells Sonak to report to him on the Enterprise in one hour; he has a short meeting with Admiral Nogura and is intent on being on the ship.
Kirk transports to an office complex orbiting Earth and meets Montgomery Scott (James Doohan), the Enterprise's chief engineer. Scotty expresses his concern about the tight departure time. The cloud is less than three days away from Earth, and the Enterprise has been ordered to intercept it because they are the only ship in range. Scotty says that the refit can't be finished in 12 hours, and tries to convince him that the ship needs more work done as well as a shakedown cruise. Kirk insists that they are leaving, ready or not. They board a travel pod and begin the journey over to the drydock in orbit that houses the Enterprise.
Scotty tells Kirk that the crew hasn't had enough transition time with all the new equipment and that the engines haven't even been tested at warp power, not to mention that they have an untried captain. Kirk tells Scotty that two and a half years as Chief of Starfleet Operations may have made him a little stale, but that he wouldn't exactly consider himself untried. Kirk then tells a surprised Scotty that Starfleet gave him back his command of the Enterprise. Scotty doubts it, saying that he doesn't think it was that easy with Admiral Nogura, who gave Kirk his orders. They arrive at the Enterprise, and Scotty indulges Kirk with a brief tour of the new exterior of the ship.
Upon docking with the ship, Scotty is summoned to Engineering. Kirk goes up to the bridge, and is informed by Lt. Uhura (Nichelle Nichols) that Starfleet has just transferred command from Captain Decker over to him. Kirk finds Decker in engineering, whom is visibly upset when Kirk breaks the news that he is assuming command, but recognizes it is because Kirk has more experience. Decker will remain on the ship as 2nd officer. As Decker storms off, an alarm sounds. Someone is trying to beam over to the ship, but the transporter is malfunctioning. Kirk and Scotty race to the transporter room. Transporter operator Janice Rand (Grace Lee Whitney) is frantically trying to tell Starfleet to abort the transport, but it is too late. Commander Sonak and an unknown female officer are beaming in, but their bodies aren't re-forming properly in the beam. The female officer screams, and then their bodies disappear. Starfleet signals to them that they have died. Kirk tells Starfleet to express his sympathies to their families.
In the corridor, Kirk sees Decker and tells him they will have to replace Commander Sonak and wants another Vulcan. Decker tells him that no one is available that is familiar with the ship's new design. Kirk tells Decker he will have to double his duties as science officer as well.
In the recreation room, as Kirk briefs the assembled crew on the mission, they receive a transmission from Epsilon 9. Commander Branch (David Gautreaux) tells them they have analyzed the mysterious cloud. It generates an immense amount of energy and measures 2 A.U.s (300 million km) in diameter. There is also a vessel of some kind in the center. They've tried to communicate with it and have performed scans, but the cloud reflects them back. It seems to think of the scans as hostile and attacks them. Like the Klingon ships earlier, Epsilon 9 disappears.
Later on the bridge, Uhura informs Kirk that the transporter is working now. Lt. Ilia, (Persis Khambatta), a bald being from the planet Delta IV, arrives. Decker is happy to see her, as they developed a romantic relationship when he was assigned to her planet several years earlier. Ilia is curious about Decker's reduction in rank and Kirk interrupts and tells her about Decker being the executive and science officer. Decker tells her, with slight sarcasm, that Kirk has the utmost confidence in him. Ilia tells Kirk that her oath of celibacy is on record and asks permission to assume her duties. Uhura tells Kirk that one of the last few crew members to arrive is refusing to beam up. Kirk goes to the transporter room to ensure that "he" beams up.
Kirk tells Starfleet to beam the officer aboard. Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy (DeForest Kelley) materializes on the platform. McCoy is angry that his Starfleet commission was reactivated and that it was Kirk's idea for him to be brought along on the mission. His attitude changes, however, when Kirk says he desperately needs him. McCoy leaves to check out the new sickbay.
The crew finishes its repairs and the Enterprise leaves drydock and into the solar system. Dr. McCoy comes up to the bridge and complains that the new sickbay is nothing but a computer center. Kirk is anxious to intercept the cloud intruder, and orders Hikaru Sulu (George Takei) to go to warp speed. Suddenly, the ship enters a wormhole, which was created by an engine imbalance, and is about to collide with an asteroid that has been pulled inside. Kirk orders the phasers to be fired on it, but Decker tells Pavel Chekov (Walter Koenig) to fire photon torpedoes instead. The asteroid and the wormhole are destroyed. Annoyed, Kirk wants to meet with Decker in his quarters. Dr. McCoy decides to go along.
Kirk demands an explanation from Decker. Decker pointed out that the redesigned Enterprise channeled the phasers through the main engines and because they were imbalanced, the phasers were cut off. Kirk acknowledged that he had saved the ship; however, he accuses Decker of competing with him. Decker tells Kirk that, because of his unfamiliarity with the ship's new design, the mission is in jeopardy. Decker tells Kirk that he will gladly help Kirk understand the new design. Kirk then dismisses him from the room. In the corridor, Decker runs into Ilia. Ilia asked if the confrontation was difficult, and he tells her that it was about as difficult as seeing her again, and apologizes. She asked if he was sorry for leaving Delta IV, or for not saying goodbye. He said that if he had seen her again, would she be able to say goodbye? She says "no," and walked around him and entered her quarters nearby.
Back in Kirk's quarters, McCoy accuses Kirk of being the one who was competing, and the fact that it was Kirk who used the emergency to pressure Starfleet into letting him get command of the Enterprise. McCoy thinks that Kirk is obsessed with keeping his command. On Kirk's console viewscreen, Uhura informs Kirk that a shuttlecraft is approaching and that the occupant wishes to dock. Chekov also pipes in and replies that it appears to be a courier vessel. Kirk tells Chekov to handle the situation.
The shuttle approaches the Enterprise from behind, and the top portion of it detaches and docks at an airlock behind the bridge. Chekov is waiting by the airlock doors and is surprised to see Spock come aboard. Moments later, Spock arrives on the bridge, and everyone is shocked and pleased to see him, yet Spock ignores them. He moves over to the science station and tells Kirk that he is aware of the crisis and knows about the ship's engine design difficulties. He offers to step in as the science officer. McCoy and Dr. Christine Chapel (Majel Barret Roddenberry) come to the bridge to greet Spock, but Spock just stares alarmingly at their emotional outburst. Spock leaves to discuss fuel equations with Scotty in engineering.
With Spock's assistance, the engines are now rebalanced for full warp capacity. The ship successfully goes to warp to intercept the cloud. In the officers lounge, Spock meets with Kirk and McCoy. They discuss Spock's kohlinahr training on Vulcan, and how Spock broke off from his training to join them. Spock describes how he sensed the consciousness of the intruder, from a source more powerful that he has ever encountered, with perfect, logical thought patterns. He believes that it holds the answers he seeks. Uhura tells Kirk over the intercom that they have visual contact with the intruder.
The cloud scans the ship, but Kirk orders no return scans. Spock determines that the scans are coming from the center of the cloud. Uhura tries sending "linguacode" messages, but there is no response. Decker suggests raising the shields for protection, but Kirk determines that that might be considered hostile to the cloud. Spock analyzes the clouds composition, and discovers it has a 12-power energy field, the equivalent of power generated by thousands of starships.
Sitting at the science station, Spock awakens from a brief trance. He reveals to Kirk that the alien was communicating with him. The alien is puzzled; it contacted the Enterprise--why has the Enterprise not replied? A red alert sounds, and an energy beam from within the cloud touches the ship, and begins to overload the ship's systems. Bolts of lightning surround the warp core and nearly injure some engineering officers, and Chekov is also hurt--his hand is burned while sitting at the weapons station on the bridge. The energy beam then disappears. A medical team is summoned to the bridge, and Ilia is able to use her telepathic powers to soothe Chekov's pain.
Spock confirms to Kirk that the alien has been attempting to communicate. It communicates at a frequency of more than one million megahertz, and at such a high rate of speed, the message only lasts a millisecond. Spock programs to computer to send linguacode messages at that frequency. Another energy beam is sent out, but Spock transmits a message just in time, and the beam disappears. The ship continues on course through the cloud. They pass through many expansive and colorful cloud layers and upon clearing these, a giant vessel is revealed. It is roughly cylindrical in shape, with large spikes jutting out from the surface at equidistant angles between each other, forming a hexagon-like shape.
Kirk tells Uhura to transmit an image of the alien to Starfleet, but she explains that any transmission sent out of the cloud is being reflected back to them. Kirk orders Sulu to fly above and along the top of the vessel. The Enterprise is so small compared to the size of the alien vessel that it appears only as a little white dot next to it. The ship travels past many oddly-shaped structures, including a sunken area where the energy beams originate.
An alarm sounds, and yet another energy bolt approaches the ship. It appears on the bridge as a column of bright light that emits a very loud noise. The crew struggles to shield their eyes from its brilliant glow. Chekov asks Spock if it is one of the alien's crew, and Spock replies that it is a probe sent from the vessel. The probe slowly moves around the room and stops in front of the science station. Bolts of lightning shoot out from it and surround the console--it is trying to access the ship's computer. Spock manages to smash the controls to prevent further access, and the probe gives him an electric shock that sends him rolling onto the floor. The probe approaches the helm/navigation console and it scans Lt. Ilia. Suddenly, she vanishes, along with the probe.
Ahead of the ship looms another giant section of the vessel. A tractor beam is drawing the Enterprise toward an opening aperture. Decker calls for Chief DiFalco (Marcy Lafferty) to come up to the bridge as Ilia's replacement. The ship travels deep into the next chamber. Decker wonders why they were brought inside--they could have been easily destroyed outside. Spock deduces that the alien is curious about them. Uhura's monitor shows that the aperture is closing; they are trapped. The ship is released from the tractor beam and suddenly, an intruder alert goes off. Someone has come aboard the ship and is in the crew quarters section.
Kirk and Spock arrive inside a crewman's quarters to discover that the intruder is inside the sonic shower. It is revealed to be Ilia, although it isn't really her--there is a small red device attached to her neck. In a mechanized voice, she replies "You are the Kirk unit--you will listen to me." She explains that she has been programmed by an entity called "V'Ger" to observe and record the normal functions of the carbon-based units (humans) "infesting" the Enterprise. Kirk opens the shower door and "Ilia" steps out, wearing a small white garment that just materialized around her. Dr. McCoy and a security officer enter the room, and Kirk tells McCoy to scan her with a tricorder.
Kirk asks her who V'Ger is. She replies "V'Ger is that which programmed me." McCoy tells Kirk that Ilia is a mechanism and Spock confirms she is a probe that assumed Ilia's physical form. Kirk asks where the real Ilia is, and the probe states that "that unit" no longer functions. Kirk also asks why V'Ger is traveling to Earth, and the probe answers that it wishes to find the Creator, join with him, and become one with it. Spock suggests that McCoy perform a complete examination of the probe.
In sickbay, the Ilia probe lays on a diagnostic table, its sensors slowly taking readings. All normal body functions, down to the microscopic level, are exactly duplicated by the probe. Decker arrives and is stunned to see her there. She looks up at him and addresses him as "Decker", rather than "Decker unit," which intrigues Spock. Spock talks with Kirk and Decker in an adjoining room, and Spock locks the door. Spock theorizes that the real Ilia's memories and feelings have been duplicated by the probe as well as her body. Decker is angry that the probe killed Ilia, but Kirk convinces him that their only contact with the vessel is through the probe, and they need to use that advantage to find out more about the alien. Suddenly, the probe bursts through the door, and demands that Kirk assist her with her observations. He tells her that Decker will do it with more efficiency.
Decker and Ilia are seen walking around in the recreation room. He shows her pictures of previous ships that were named Enterprise. Decker has been trying to see if Ilia's memories or emotions can resurface, but to no avail. Kirk and McCoy are observing them covertly on a monitor from his quarters. Decker shows her a game that the crew enjoys playing. She is not interested and states that recreation and enjoyment has no meaning to her programming. At another game, which Ilia enjoyed and nearly always won, they both press one of their hands down onto a table to play it. The table lights up, indicating she won the game, and she gazes into Deckers eyes. This moment of emotion ends suddenly, and she returns to normal. "This device serves no purpose."
"Why does the Enterprise require the presence of carbon units?" she asks. Decker tells her the ship couldn't function without them. She tells him that more information is needed before the crew can be patterned for data storage. Horrified, he asks her what this means. "When my examination is complete, all carbon units will be reduced to data patterns." He tells her that within her are the memory patterns of a certain carbon unit. He convinces her to let him help her revive those patterns so that she can understand their functions better. She allows him to proceed.
Spock slowly enters an airlock room. He sees an officer standing at a console, his back to Spock. Spock quietly approaches him, and gives him the Vulcan nerve pinch to render him unconscious.
Decker, the probe, Dr. McCoy, and Dr. Chapel are in Ilia's quarters. Dr. Chapel gives the probe a decorative headband that Ilia used to wear. Chapel puts it over "Ilia's" head and turns her toward a mirror. Decker asks her if she remembers wearing it on Delta IV. The probe shows another moment of emotion, saying Dr. Chapel's name, and putting her hand on Decker's face, calling him Will. Behind them, McCoy reminds Decker that she is a mechanism. Decker asks "Ilia" to help them make contact with V'Ger. She says that she can't, and Decker asks her who the Creator is. She says V'Ger does not know. The probe becomes emotionless again and removes the headband.
Spock is now outside the ship in a space suit with an attached thruster pack. He begins recording a log entry for Kirk detailing his attempt to contact the alien. He activates a panel on the suit and calculates thruster ignition and acceleration to coincide with the opening of an aperture ahead of him. He hopes to get a better view of the spacecraft interior.
Kirk comes up to the bridge and Uhura tells him that Starfleet signals are growing stronger, indicating they are very close to Earth. Starfleet is monitoring the intruder and notifies Uhura that it is slowing down in its approach. Sulu confirms this and says that lunar beacons show the intruder is entering into orbit. Chekov tells Kirk that Airlock 4 has been opened and a thruster suit is missing. Kirk figures out that Spock has done it, and orders Chekov to get Spock back on the ship. He changes his mind, and instead tells him to determine his position.
Spock touches a button on his thruster panel and his thruster engine ignites. He is propelled forward rapidly, and enters the next chamber of the vessel just before the aperture closes behind him. The thruster engine shuts down, and the momentum carries Spock ahead further. He disconnects the thruster pack from his suit and it falls away from him.
Continuing his log entry, Spock sees an image of what he believes to be V'Gers home planet. He passes through a tunnel filled with crackling plasma energy, possibly a power source for a gigantic imaging system. Next, he sees several more images of planets, moons, stars, and galaxies stored and recorded. Spock theorizes that this may be a visual representation of V'Gers entire journey. "But who or what are we dealing with?" he ponders.
He sees the Epsilon 9 station, and notes to Kirk that he is convinced that all of what he is seeing is V'Ger; and that they are inside a living machine. Then he sees a giant image of Lt. Ilia with the sensor on her neck. Spock decides it must have some special meaning, so he attempts to mind-meld with it. He is quickly overwhelmed by the multitude of images flooding his mind, and is thrown backward.
Kirk is now in a space suit and has exited the ship. The aperture in front of the Enterprise opens, and Spock's unconscious body floats toward him. Later, Dr. Chapel and Dr. McCoy are examining Spock in sickbay. Dr. McCoy performs scans and determines that Spock endured massive neurological trauma from the mind-meld. Spock tells Kirk he should have known and Kirk asks if he was right about V'Ger. Spock calls it a conscious, living entity. Kirk explains that V'Ger considers the Enterprise a living machine and it's why "Ilia" refers to the ship as an entity and the crew as an infestation.
Spock describes V'Ger's homeworld as a planet populated by living machines with unbelievable technology. But with all that logic and knowledge, V'Ger is barren, with no mystery or meaning. He momentarily lapses into sleep but Kirk rouses him awake to ask what Spock should have known. Spock grasps Kirk's hand and tells him "This simple feeling is beyond V'Ger's comprehension. No meaning, no hope. And Jim, no answers. It's asking questions. 'Is this all that I am? Is there nothing more?'"
Uhura chimes in and tells Kirk that they are getting a faint signal from Starfleet. The intruder has been on their monitors for a while and the cloud is rapidly dissipating as it approaches. Sulu also comments that the intruder has slowed to sub-warp speed and is three minutes from Earth orbit. Kirk acknowledges and he, McCoy and Spock go up to the bridge.
Starfleet sends the Enterprise a tactical report on the intruders position. Uhura tells Kirk that V'Ger is transmitting a signal. Decker and "Ilia" come up to the bridge, and she says that V'Ger is signaling the Creator. Spock determines that the transmission is a radio signal. Decker tells Kirk that V'Ger expects an answer, but Kirk doesn't know the question. Then "Ilia" says that the Creator has not responded. An energy bolt is released from V'Ger and positions itself above Earth. Chekov reports that all planetary defense systems have just gone inoperative. Several more bolts are released, and they all split apart to form smaller ones and they assume equidistant positions around the planet.
McCoy notices that the bolts are the same ones that hit the ship earlier, and Spock says that these are hundreds of times more powerful, and from those positions, they can destroy all life on Earth. "Why?" Kirk asks "Ilia." She says that the carbon unit infestation will be removed from the Creator's planet as they are interfering with the Creator's ability to respond and accuses the crew of infesting the Enterprise and interfering in the same manner. Kirk tells "Ilia" that carbon units are a natural function of the Creator's planet and they are living things, not infestations. However "Ilia" says they are not true life forms like the Creator. McCoy realizes V'Ger must think its creator is a machine.
Spock compares V'Ger to a child, and suggests they treat it like one. McCoy retorts that this child is about to wipe out every living thing on Earth. To get "Ilia's" attention, Kirk says that the carbon units know why the Creator hasn't responded. The Ilia probe demands that the Creator "disclose the information." Kirk won't do it until V'Ger withdraws all the orbiting devices. In response to this, V'Ger cuts off the ship's communications with Starfleet. She tells him again to disclose the information. He refuses, and a plasma energy attack shakes the ship. McCoy tells Spock that the child is having a "tantrum."
Kirk tells the probe that if V'Ger destroys the Enterprise, then the information it needs will also be destroyed. Ilia says that it is illogical to withhold the required information, and asks him why he won't disclose it. Kirk explains it is because V'Ger is going to destroy all life on Earth. "Ilia" says that they have oppressed the Creator, and Kirk makes it clear he will not disclose anything. V'Ger needs the information, says "Ilia." Kirk says that V'Ger will have to withdraw all the orbiting devices. "Ilia" says that V'Ger will comply, if the carbon units give the information.
Spock tells Kirk that V'Ger must have a central brain complex. Kirk theorizes that the orbiting devices are controlled from there. Kirk tells "Ilia" that the information cant be disclosed to V'Ger's probe, but only to V'Ger itself. "Ilia" stares at the viewscreen, and, in response, the aperture opens and drags the ship forward with a tractor beam into the next chamber. Chekov tells Kirk that the energy bolts will reach their final positions and activate in 27 minutes. Kirk calls to Scotty on the intercom and tells him to stand by to execute Starfleet Order 2005; the self-destruct command. A female crewmember asks Scotty why Kirk ordered self-destruct, and Scotty tells her that Kirk hopes that when they explode, so will the intruder.
The countdown is now down to 18 minutes. DiFalco reports that they have traveled 17 kilometers inside the vessel. Kirk goes over to Spock's station, and sees that Spock has been crying. "Not for us," Kirk realizes. Spock tells him he is crying for V'Ger, and that he weeps for V'Ger as he would for a brother. As he was when he came aboard the Enterprise, so is V'Ger now--empty, incomplete, and searching. Logic and knowledge are not enough. McCoy realizes Spock has found what he needed, but that V'Ger hasn't. Decker wonders what V'Ger would need to fulfill itself.
Spock comments that each one of us, at some point in our lives asks, "Why am I here?" "What was I meant to be?" V'Ger hopes to touch its Creator and find those answers. DiFalco directs Kirk's attention to the viewscreen. Ahead of them is a structure with a bright light. Sulu reports that forward motion has stopped. Chekov replies that an oxygen/gravity envelope has formed outside of the ship. "Ilia" points to the structure on the screen and identifies it as V'Ger. Uhura has located the source of the radio signal and it is straight ahead. A passageway forms outside the ship as Kirk Spock, McCoy, Decker, and "Ilia" enter a turbolift.
The landing party exits an airlock on the top of the saucer section and walks up the passageway. At the end of the path is a concave structure, and in the center of it is an old NASA probe from three centuries earlier. Kirk tries to rub away the smudges on the nameplate and makes out the letters V G E R. He continues to rub, and discovers that the craft is actually Voyager 6. Kirk recalls the history of the Voyager program--it was designed to collect data and transmit it back to Earth. Decker tells Kirk that Voyager 6 disappeared through a black hole.
Kirk says that it must have emerged on the far side of the galaxy and got caught in the machine planet's gravity. Spock theorizes that the planet's inhabitants found the probe to be one of their own kind--primitive, yet kindred. They discovered the probe's 20th century programming, which was to collect data and return that information to its creator. The machines interpreted that instruction literally, and constructed the entire vessel so that Voyager could fulfill its programming. Kirk continues by saying that on its journey back, it amassed so much knowledge that it gained its own consciousness.
"Ilia" tells Kirk that V'Ger awaits the information. Kirk calls Uhura on his communicator and tells her to find information on the probe in the ship's computer, specifically the NASA code signal, which will allow the probe to transmit its data. Decker realizes that that is what the probe was signaling--it's ready to transmit everything. Kirk then says that there is no one on Earth who recognizes the old-style signal--the Creator does not answer.
Kirk calls out to V'Ger and says that they are the Creator. "Ilia" says that is not logical--carbon units are not true life forms. Kirk says they will prove it by allowing V'Ger to complete its programming. Uhura calls Kirk on his communicator and tells him she has retrieved the code. Kirk tells her to set the Enterprise transmitter to the code frequency and to transmit the signal. Decker reads off the numerical code on his tricorder, and is about to read the final sequence, but Voyager's circuitry burns out, an effort by V'Ger itself to prevent the last part of the code from being transmitted.
"Ilia" says that the Creator must join with V'Ger, and turns toward Decker. McCoy warns Kirk that they only have 10 minutes left. Decker figures out that V'Ger wanted to bring the Creator here and transmit the code in person. Spock tells Kirk that V'Ger's knowledge has reached the limits of the universe and it must evolve. Kirk says that V'Ger needs a human quality in order to evolve. Decker thinks that V'Ger joining with the Creator will accomplish that. He then goes over to the damaged circuitry and fixes the wires so he can manually enter the rest of the code through the ground test computer. Kirk tries to stop him, but "Ilia" tosses him aside. Decker tells Kirk that he wants this as much as Kirk wanted the Enterprise.
Suddenly, a bright light forms around Decker's body. "Ilia" moves over to him, and the light encompasses them both as they merge together. Their bodies disappear, and the light expands and begins to consume the area. Kirk, Spock, and McCoy retreat back to the Enterprise. V'Ger explodes, leaving the Enterprise above Earth, unharmed. On the bridge, Kirk wonders if they just saw the beginning of a new life form, and Spock says yes and that it is possibly the next step in their evolution. McCoy says that its been a while since he "delivered" a baby, and hopes that they got this one off to a good start.
Uhura tells Kirk that Starfleet is requesting the ship's damage and injury reports and vessel status. Kirk reports that there were only two casualties: Lt. Ilia and Captain Decker. He quickly corrects his statement and changes their status to "missing." Vessel status: fully operational. Scotty comes on the bridge and agrees with Kirk that it's time to give the Enterprise a proper shakedown. When Scotty offers to have Spock back on Vulcan in four days, Spock says that's unnecessary, as his task on Vulcan is completed.
Kirk tells Sulu to proceed ahead at warp factor one. When DiFalco asks for a heading, Kirk simply says "Out there, thataway." With that, the Enterprise flies overhead and engages warp drive.
youtu.be/4n2dGwYcp9k?t=8s Star Trek Theme
www.ntdtv.com/xtr/b5/2006/05/22/a_44509.html
lz.book.sohu.com/serialize-id-4812.html
日本「武士道」揭謎
分類：武士道
2006/08/04 00:35
(本文由 台灣日本綜合研究所所長 許介鱗先生 所作)
一、序
日本的武士道精神究竟是什麼？一言以蔽之，武士道的訣竅就是看透了死亡，「不怕死」而為主君毫無保留的捨命獻身。這種思想也是對傳統儒家「士道」的一種反動。儒家的「士道」講究君臣之義，有「君臣義合」、「父子天合」的人倫觀念，但是日本「武士道」是以為主君不怕死、不要命的覺悟為根本。
武士道重視的是君臣戒律，「君不君」（君暴虐無道）也不可「臣不臣」（臣不盡臣道），盡忠是絕對的價值。中國的原始儒學是以孝為本，盡孝才是絕對的價值。如果「父有過」，子「三諫而不聽，則號泣而隨之」，但是如果「君有過」，臣「三諫而不聽，則逃之」。武士道論者認為，儒家的「士道論」乃在粉飾貪生怕死的私心，慎於人倫而注重主君的道德如何，才選擇生死，則面對死卻不乾脆去死。唯有純粹徹底的覺悟死，才是武士道強人之處。武士道徹底的覺悟死了，他的容貌、言語、起居動作，也就與眾不同。武士社會尊重禮儀，不光是封建社會階層秩序的尊從，更進一步說「禮儀端正」，才是武士強人一等的表現。武士要「死的乾脆」，君要你切腹自殺你就得切腹自殺，這是日本鎌倉武家時代以來的傳統。
二、『葉隱』乃武士道精神源流
日本武士道的古典稱為『葉隱』（hagakure），是江戶時代的佐賀藩（肥前鍋島藩）所傳誦的武士道修養書。「葉隱」就如樹木的葉蔭，在人家看不見的地方為主君「捨身奉公」之意。此書是由佐賀藩的藩士山本常朝（Yamamoto Tsunetomo 1659-1710）傳述，由同藩藩士田代陳基（Tashiro Tsuramoto）聽聞書寫整理，在18世紀初的1716年完成『葉隱聞書』寫本，共11卷1200多節，簡稱『葉隱』或『葉隱集』。卷一、卷二講武士的心得修養，卷三講鍋島藩藩祖直茂，卷四講第一代藩主勝茂，卷五講第二代藩主光茂（即山本常朝的主君），以及其嫡子即第三代綱茂等，卷六講鍋島藩古來的事蹟，卷七、卷八、卷九講鍋島藩武士的「武勇奉公」言行，卷十講他藩武士的言行，卷十一是補遺。
『葉隱』所表現的武士道精神，是果斷地死、毫不留戀地死、毫不猶豫地死。一般人對生命執著，武士道則持否定的態度，認為只有死是真誠的，其他的功名利祿都是夢幻。當一個人捨棄名利，以「死身」來義勇奉公時，就可以看到這世間的真實。武士標榜的是精神上的優越，就是心理上先能戰勝自己，才能戰勝別人。先能「不要自己的命」，才能「要他人的命」。這是日本武士強人一等的道德律。「不要命」與「要人命」是息息相關的，「葉隱」的教訓真是非常殘酷的武士論語。
例如佐賀鍋島藩祖直茂，向其子勝茂說：「要使斬首習以為常，得先對處刑者斬首」，於是在其西方衙門內，排列十人讓他嘗試斬首，勝茂連續斬首了九人，看第十人是強壯的年輕人，就說「已經斬夠了，那傢伙讓他活吧，這人才免斬得救」 [1] 。日本軍人侵略中國時的「百人斬」殘酷典型，在此可以窺見。
『葉隱』的著述者山本常朝一家的典故，也是令人髮指。
山本常朝的異母兄山本吉左衛門，依父親山本神右衛門的指示，5歲時就得斬殺狗，15歲時斬殺死罪者。武士大眾，14、15歲開始實習斬首 [2] 。如此武士從小帶刀成長，養成斬殺人不在乎的精神。
武士道的本義，如日本戰前教育敕語所教諭，以「義勇奉公」為最高原則，這是武士為「奉公人」的心裡準備，說來非常殘酷不人道。舉例說，佐賀鍋島藩第四代吉茂，年輕時非常粗暴，他的家臣中有不討其喜歡的，即將此人之妻的壞話寫在扇上，交給近侍說「你把此扇讓他看，再將那傢伙做何反應呈報」。此家臣看了扇之後，並不知道是誰寫的，即把此扇撕破。近侍即將此呈報。吉茂公曰「將主人書寫的東西撕裂，乃是無禮者。令他切腹。 [3] 」在武士道的世界，「切腹是武士道最忠義的表現」。山本常朝也說，武士應盡的忠義，是以殉死為最高。
有一個令人起雞皮疙瘩的故事。江戶屋敷的看守倉庫者堀江三右衛門，偷了庫存的金銀，被逮捕逼出口供之後，即下令「大罪人，折磨死」。於是先將他身體中的體毛燒光，剝他的指甲，切斷他的腳筋，用錐磨等工具給他種種折磨，但他不哀聲大叫，連臉色都不改變。最後就斬開他的脊背，用熱燙的醬油澆灑其上，他即軀體折彎而死 [4] 。
武士道相傳也講究義、忍、勇、禮、誠、名譽、忠義等德目，但實際上是殘酷無情，慘不忍睹。中世紀的鎌倉時代，源氏家族親兄弟（源義朝、源為義、源為朝），骨肉相剋殺戮，而斷了源氏的正嗣。又如因北條氏的策謀，功臣們也就斷了命脈。日本戰國時代的無情，都有血淋淋的殺戮史為佐證。有殺主君的，松永彈正叛逆弒君即將軍義輝；有殺父親的，齋藤義龍殺其父齋藤道三；有殺兄長的，今川義元為了繼承家主地位，在長兄死後，殺戮次兄以及其一切支持家臣；有殺親子的，江戶幕府第一代將軍德川家康聽織田信長的話，命其親生長子德川信康自害死亡 [5] 。日本武士的殘酷不人道，比比皆是，從此也可以看出武士道精神的另一真實面。
三、迷失的武士道「旅順大屠殺」
甲午戰爭又稱為第一次中日戰爭（1894-95年），當時日本陸軍大將大山巖指揮第二軍，1894年11月21日開始攻打中國北洋海軍基地旅順港口以後，發生了旅順大屠殺事件。『日本外文書』稱之為「旅順口虐殺事件」，英美稱之為Port Arthur Atrocities，或Port Arthur Massacre。這也許是日本武士道精神在中國第一次發威吧！
旅順大屠殺到底犧牲人數有多少？
在 1895年「三國干涉」遼東半島，旅順歸還中國之後，中國的遼東接收委員顧元勳，在旅順的遺骨、遺灰埋葬地點建造了一座「萬忠墓」，記錄受難者約1萬8千人。1948年重修「萬忠墓」時，記載犧牲人數為二萬餘人。中國的史學者孫克復、關捷編著『甲午中日陸戰史』（黑龍江人民出版社，1984年），據此主張犧牲者數為二萬餘人。1994年3月，興建「旅順萬忠墓紀念館」時，再行發掘萬忠墓清理後，亦記載「日軍侵入旅順市區後，對手無寸鐵的平民百姓進行了四天三夜野蠻的大屠殺，近二萬無辜同胞慘遭殺害。」 [6]
當時居住旅順市的人口約為二萬餘人。據1895年3月號的『北美評論月刊』（North American Review）報導說：「在旅順市街殘留的中國人只有 36人。」他們是用在搬運、掩埋屍體的。
日本的國際法學者有賀長雄，曾擔任日軍第二軍的法律顧問從軍，在他的著作『日清戰役國際法論』（陸軍大學校，1896年）說：當時散布在市街上的屍體總數約2000，其中包含約500具非戰鬥員。當然，日方是加害者，勢必要隱瞞日軍有屠殺非戰鬥員（平民）的事蹟。因為明治天皇在宣戰的詔敕宣布「苟非戾於國際法，各各應衡權能力盡一切手段，期無遺漏」，要求日本軍人嚴守戰時國際法，讓歐美重視日本是一個「文明國家」。但是在旅順有四名跟隨日軍的外國特派記者，目睹了旅順大屠殺案。
歐美的從軍記者中，除了美國和法國的『前鋒報』（Herald）賈味記者（Garver）被收買而站在擁護日本的立場之外，其他英國『泰晤士報』（Times）柯恩記者（Thomas Cohen ），『標準報』（Standard）的維利爾茲記者（Villiers），美國的『世界日報』（The World）克利爾曼記者（James Creelman）三人，雖然語氣有點不同，都強烈地譴責日軍所犯的屠殺罪行。
例如1894年11月20日在紐約發行的『世界日報』（World）的編輯標題是「旅順港的殘殺，至少有2000個手無寸鐵的人被日軍屠殺」，內容激烈地批判日軍暴行，抨擊日本人為披著文明皮膚而擁有野蠻筋骨的怪獸，「日本現今脫下文明的假面具，暴露野蠻的本性。」還有英國的『泰晤士報』（Times）的記者也證實，日軍將俘虜綑綁著屠殺，甚至還有將平民，特別是婦女也屠殺的事實。
依日本人自己的證言，日本郵船的貨物船遠江丸的一等司機林治寬的體驗，「旅順口陷落時登陸，見死屍相積，三疊疊散在，實為酸鼻之慘狀。內有老、幼、婦女、稚兒。尚有未死而呻吟之聲，今猶存耳。」 [7]
當時的日本外相陸奧宗光，則使盡方法來收買外國通訊社，不要把日軍的屠殺醜聞傳到國際社會。例如以機密電信指示在英國的代理公使內田康哉，用錢收買英國的中央通訊社（Central News），要其對『泰晤士報』的旅順大屠殺報導提出不同論調，說對旅順市民的某種殘暴是中國逃兵所為。內田回電說不夠錢收買，外務省即回答從預備金匯送2000日圓。英國的Central News 即獲得充分報酬為日本的情報工作服務。 [8]
另一方面，收買路透通訊社（Reuters）則由當時駐德公使青木周藏進行。外相陸奧答應「路透電信公司」（Reuters Telegram Company），為日本傳布有利的信息則給予606英鎊的報酬。當時在橫濱的日本通信社也發行『Japan Mail』和『Japan Weekly Mail』，社長布陵克利（Francis Brinkley）也是路透社的通訊員。外相陸奧即請內閣書記官長伊東己代治，要求日本通信社將日本政府每天放出的戰爭情報向倫敦電送。陸奧對布陵克利的交涉成功之後，日本政府就以補助金名目，每月給日本通信社一定額的補助金。甲午戰後，論功行賞，日本政府賜給布陵克利「勳三等旭日章」並授與賞賜金5000圓。 [9]
但是路透社有Reuters Telegram Company和Reuters International Agency兩家，日本政府與前者訂契約給錢收買，後者還是照樣傳布對日本不利的屠殺信息。 當時掌握『時事新報』的輿論泰斗福澤諭吉，即撰寫一篇「旅順殺戮乃無稽流言」辯解 [10] 。經由聘雇的外國人侯斯（Edward House），向歐美通信社、『世界日報』等提出辯解，努力企圖將屠殺事件沈靜化，日本國內也就忘了屠殺事件的存在 [11] 。日本政府並未對屠殺事件徹底調查，即以「有關旅順口佔領的誤聞」傳達給歐美各駐外公使，即駐德的青木公使、駐英的內田公使、駐美的栗野公使、駐俄的西公使、駐法的曾禰公使，駐意的高平公使等一份辯明書，向各國辯解。 [12]
但是經由英美報紙目睹旅順大屠殺的記者報導，日本大本營也不得不派人持參謀總長致大山巖軍司令官的公函到旅順，要求其解釋清楚。大山的回函，雖然承認在11月21日對旅順市街的士兵和人民混合殺戮，但辯稱旅順居民很多跟中國軍方有關係而試圖抵抗，或在薄暮時分看不清楚而造成殺戮；此外對殺害俘虜一事，則強辯是對反抗、逃亡的懲戒；至於有關日軍的掠奪行為，則一概否認。總之，從大山巖對參謀本部的辯解書可以知道，對於屠殺的規模大小或屠殺的原因或許有所辯解，但是日軍第二軍司令部還是承認有「旅順屠殺」的事實。
當時的首相伊藤博文，為了「旅順大屠殺」事件與大本營協議的結果，決定日本既然戰勝了，為維持日軍士氣，不要調查此事件真相而懲戒肇事者，就以一貫辯解的方針應付國際輿論。
日本政府對日軍的屠殺中國平民百姓不加追究，只顧向列強辯解日本是「文明國」，一直宣傳中日甲午戰爭乃「文明國」的日本打敗「野蠻國」的中國，從此以後，日軍可以更肆無忌憚地屠殺中國人了。
日本的武士道至此，墮落為對歐美列強搖尾送錢而撒謊辯解，相反的對弱國中國則屠殺凌虐而忝不知恥了。
四、武士道在台發威
依『台灣總督府警察沿革誌』等資料，日本據台後的幾年，至少有下列數件大屠殺，這應該算是日本武士道在台發威吧！
一、大嵙崁大燒殺：
1895年馬關條約後，日軍登陸台灣。在台北與新竹之間的大嵙崁溪沿岸地方，有大嵙崁武生汪國輝、三角湧樟腦製造業者蘇力、樹林地主王振輝等人，各自率領「住民自警團」自衛。7月12日，日軍進軍到該地方，汪等抵抗。7月16日以後，日軍的援軍到來，便展開屠殺。日軍設定大嵙崁以東至三角湧之間的所有村莊，都是抗日的義軍，就下令焚燒大嵙崁街，於是4萬人左右的繁華市街，從7月22日連燒3天，火焰遠遠連燒到三角湧街，20多里不絕，變成滿目淒涼的焦土，共燒毀房屋1500多戶，人民死傷260人。抗日領袖汪國輝，則被日軍以武士道手法斬殺 [13] 。
二、大莆林對婦女暴行：
1895年8月30日，日軍進入雲林地方，9月2日到達大莆林，即現今嘉義縣大林鎮。此地的領袖人物簡精華，深知裝備戰力皆非日軍敵手，不忍生靈塗炭而決定放棄抵抗，命令居民清掃道路，提供食物歡迎日軍。不料日軍竟要求簡獻出200名婦女。簡不答應，日軍竟以此強姦殺害簡氏一族婦女60多名。簡氏憤怒，招集雲林民眾，從9月3日開始以弓箭、棍棒、陷阱、土槍，襲擊日軍。後來簡精華受辜顯榮的引誘，忍痛接受招撫，但不到一個月的時間即自刺左手血管，失血而死於自宅。鄉人感動其忠義，而以「簡忠義」追思 [14]
三、蕭壟街慘殺：
1895年10月10日，日軍混成第四旅團登陸布袋嘴（嘉義地方），當地義軍領袖林崑岡，以敢死隊之勢捍衛鄉里。然而武器窳劣不敵，退據蕭壟街（今台南縣佳里鎮）。於是日軍大事搜索，近千名村民躲到溪邊雜樹林的天然溝壑中，因嬰兒哭聲而被發現後，日軍竟派兵分別截住長坑的頭尾兩端，然後亂槍齊放，對著坑內猛烈射擊了近20分鐘。一時淒厲慘叫，呼喊哀號如人間地獄，躲到坑裡避難的台灣人無一倖免，嬰兒、婦女也無一人得活，真是殘酷到極點 [15] 。
四、雲林大屠殺：
台灣中部雲林地方有稱為「大坪頂」的山地，三面溪谷包圍，東南與險峻的山地連接，地勢險惡，由柯鐵所率領的柯氏家族居住。當日軍從北南下之際，簡義等抗日份子紛紛來此地避風雨。1896年4月1日雲林縣地方被台中縣合併，雲林支廳設於斗六。6月10日，日軍混成第二旅團的守備隊開始進駐雲林地方。當時大坪頂有抗日份子千餘人聚集，為了誓死抗日，將大坪頂改稱為「鐵國山」，向全島發出檄文，呼籲將日本人驅逐出台灣。6月16日，日軍一連隊進入斗六，「鐵國山」的抗日軍避其鋒銳，退入深山。從此一直到6月22日，日軍在雲林地方血腥屠殺，共有4295戶民宅被燒毀，殘殺民眾6000人 [16] 。甚至歡迎日軍的約50名順民，亦在被殺之列。
當時的台灣高等法院院長高野孟矩，對雲林大屠殺事件如此證言：「日軍漫然出兵，費六日時間燒毀70餘個村莊的民宅，殺害良莠不分的民間人士300餘人，而刺激了附近的居民，此完全是此次暴動蜂起的原因。故說有土匪幾百人或幾千人，實際清查則多為良民，父被殺、母被奪、兄被害、子被殺、妻被殺、弟被害而基於憤恨，或家屋以及所藏財產悉被燒盡而喪失寄生之處者。」 [17]
1896年7月4日香港英文報紙『Daily Press』披露日軍在6月16日到6月22日的雲林大屠殺事件 [18] ，於是引發國際間注意日軍殘酷屠殺台民的事實 [19] 。日本政府即不斷訓令有關單位取消香港新聞有關土匪的報導，請拓植務次官將事實刊載在外事新聞 [20] 上，在外國新聞上隱瞞此事。但是以雲林大屠殺為契機，台灣各地連鎖性地爆發對日本統治的不滿，並在各地興起抗日運動。在國際輿論壓力下，第二任台灣總督桂太郎被迫下台，很諷刺的，就任的第三任總督乃木希典正是甲午戰爭旅順大屠殺中應負責的旅團長。
五、阿公店大屠殺：
有人歌頌第四任台灣總督兒玉源太郎與民政長官後藤新平是「台灣現代化」的催生者，他們是對台施行「懷柔政策」的“能吏”，但是忽略了他們有日本武士道殺人如麻的本性，以大屠殺鎮壓抗日台民，確立其統治台灣的基礎。兒玉於1898年就任台灣總督，決定自11月12日展開對台灣中南部抗日軍的大規模攻擊，日本人稱為「大討伐」。此次「大討伐」，依台南縣知事提出給台灣總督的報告，殺害人數達2,053人，傷者不計其數。民宅燒毀數，全燒毀2,783戶，半燒毀3,030戶。家屋的全燒、半燒，家財的燒毀等的損害， 依當時幣值達38,000餘日圓。 [21] 尤其是受害最殘酷的阿公店地方，有居住安平、打狗（高雄）的外國人，對日軍的殘暴議論紛紛，英國長老教會牧師福格森（Duncan Ferguson）等，即向『香港日報』（Daily News）投書，提出日軍喪失人性大屠殺的人道問題，鬧成國際輿論的交相指責 [22] 。
六、歸順式場誘殺慘案：
兒玉與後藤的對付台灣中南部的抗日勢力，除了以軍警大規模「討伐」之外，又使用招降的誘殺策略。這就是所謂「土匪招降策」，其策畫者就是兒玉總督，而參與立案者為後藤民政長官、總督府事務官為阿川光祐、策士為白井新太郎 [23] ，其中以雲林的騙殺抗日軍最駭人聽聞。於是1902年，斗六廳長荒賀直順與警務課長岩元知密謀招降殺戮的計畫 [24] 。
5月14日，斗六廳長荒賀與該地守備隊長、憲兵分隊長密議在5月25日舉行歸順典禮騙殺。5月18日岩元警務課長召集林圯埔、崁頭厝、土庫、他里霧、下湖口五位支廳長，指示舉行歸順典禮的真意與處置順序，並決定斗六、林圯埔、崁頭厝、西螺、他里霧、內林的6個地方為式場，並命各支廳長好好準備 [25] 。
即對於表示投降的抗日各領袖，表面上善用甘言，允許他們歸順，內心則企圖徹底剿滅，所以訂定是年5月25日，約張大猷以下265名抗日分子，聲言分別在6處舉行歸順式。即：一、斗六式場60餘人，二、林杞埔式場63人，三、嵌頭厝式場38人，四、西螺式場30人，五、他里霧式場24人，六、林內式場39人，然後用機關槍，於6個地方同時全部殺戮 [26] 。這種誘降，欺騙殺戮的事跡，日人製造口實，僅說明為：5月25日，在歸順式場妄動，所以一齊殺戮。而遮掩騙殺的事實。
七、噍吧哖大屠殺：
又如1915年余清芳以台南的西來庵「食菜堂」為中心推展抗日運動的時候，日軍警以誘殺詭計，將台南噍吧哖（玉井，日語唸tamai）附近的後厝，竹圍、番仔厝、新化、內庄、左鎮、茶寮等二十多位村落居民3200餘人，不分老幼，依次殺戮 [27] 。日人對於這種慘絕人寰的大凶殺，極盡隱密的能事，例如秋澤次郎著『台灣匪誌』，除了喋喋不休的敘述「匪徒的暴動」和「聖恩洪大無邊」，以外，就沒有把前述的騙殺事實提起，但是從其文中，亦可以窺視騙殺的蛛絲馬跡。例如書中說：「如此，殘匪誘出終了以後，總督府認為他們之中罪狀最重，不能溯及大正4年11月的大赦恩典者，縱使投降，如全免刑責則有枉國法，有傷國家威信，所以對他們必須嚴肅的處刑。 [28] 」，抗日領袖江定等，就是這樣被誘降，然後處死的。
後藤新平在其『日本植民政策一斑』公開說，在他統治台灣的五年間，依法「殺戮匪徒數」就達11,950人 [29] 。日本所謂的「匪徒」，不用說，全都是「抗日」的台灣人。
依台北市文獻委員會副主任委員王國璠編著的『台灣抗日史』，「台灣淪於日人之手，垂五十有一年……我同胞慘遭屠殺總數，約近四十萬人；焚燒房屋僅乙未年（1895年）內即達三千餘所，至於婦女之被淫虐，丁壯之被奴役，其在精神上之損失，更是難以估算。 [30] 」
現在日本的右翼份子常歌頌日本的50年台灣殖民地統治的成功為「現代化」，有許多台灣學者追隨著說，台灣的「殖民地化」也就是「現代化」。如果台灣割讓日本後日本武士道在台發威，台灣才能有「現代化」成果的話，不是等於說台灣人是賤骨頭，台灣人自己沒有「現代化」的能力嗎？
五、新渡戶為什麼出英文版『Bushido』
為什麼新渡戶在1899年撰寫『Bushido』，給予武士道新的詮釋呢？而『武士道』的出版又如何變成新渡戶登龍門而獲得富貴榮華的敲門磚？最主要的秘訣在於娶美國婦女瑪里（自稱「萬里」Marry Patterson Elkinton, 1857-1938年）為妻。當時日本在甲午戰爭戰勝了中國，獲得2億3千萬兩，約合日幣3億6000萬日圓的賠款和台灣殖民地，但是日軍有「旅順大屠殺」、「領台大屠殺」的報虐行為，列強仍視日本為一野蠻國，日本必須向國際解釋日軍的行為是「武士道」的行為，是一種高尚的品德。
新渡戶在1884年赴美留學，進入美國巴的摩爾（Baltimore）新設的霍普金斯大學，同學有以後當總統的威爾遜（Woodrow Wilson）。他在校期間的1886年認識了美國小姐瑪里。瑪里是教友派信徒（Friend 一般俗稱Quaker）是愛國者，新渡戶也是愛國者，為了追求瑪里，他也變成教友派信徒。瑪里的父親認為日本人是野蠻民族，反對瑪里與新渡戶結婚，但他們兩人交往5年後，在1891年結婚，當時瑪里33歲、新渡戶28歲，年齡相差5歲。結婚後兩人在東京的住家，簡直像在日本海中漂浮的孤島，住家環境完全是美國式的。瑪里是第一個跟日本人結婚的美國女性，不說日本話，也不顧慮日本人的想法和行為方式，不論是文化上或心理上，仍然依照美國人的生活方式（American way of life）在日本生活。但是她幫助丈夫出了一本英文書『Bushido（武士道）』，將日本傳統與歐美比較，詳述日本的武士道與歐美騎士道的相似性，辯解日本的切腹、復仇等絕不是野蠻。藉助於優美典雅的英文，此書風靡歐美的讀書界，新渡戶稻造之名忽然傳遍世界，於是談「武士道」就是「新渡戶」，談「新渡戶」就是「武士道」，而聞名天下 [31] 。從此，新渡戶步步高升，成為京都帝國大學教授（1904年）、第一高等學校校長（1906年）、美國卡內基財團（Carnegie Foundation）的交換教授（1911年）、東京帝國大學教授（1915年）、東京女子大學校長（1918年）、國際聯盟事務次長（1919年）等，步步高昇 [32] 。
新渡戶在『Bushido』第一版序說，「此書的直接開端，是吾妻常常問我為什麼這樣的思想或風俗在日本很普遍呢？ [33] 」 武士道的規矩，在西洋人看來是很野蠻的，他就必須想辦法圓滑的說明，因此與妻子一再討論，讓她理解，取得她的同意。新渡戶的此本著作，另外也得到美國人女友安娜（Anna C. Hartshorne）的協助。她和她的父親亨利（Henley Hartshorne）1893年到日本，住在新渡戶家好幾年。安娜留下來的信件，亦證實她對『Bushido』的著述有很深的關連。依留下來的紀錄，當新渡戶的手發抖而寫不下去時，安娜即聽取新渡戶的口述，替他書寫下來。新渡戶在此書的序末尾，也表達對安娜的感謝 [34] 。
這樣以英文撰寫新詮釋的『武士道』，在義和團事件發生的1900年於美國費城（Philadelphia）出版，Philadelphia在賓夕凡尼亞州，是希臘語「友愛」之意，從殖民地時代由教友派信徒潘恩（William Penn）領導建設，成為1776年美國獨立宣言，以及翌年憲法發布的歷史紀念都市。此書的出版剛好給歐美人「日本精神」與中國「義和團」（西洋人稱Boxer拳匪）評比的機會。這本書在日俄戰爭爆發後的1904年，經由美國人的協助，由較大的出版社再版。拜日俄戰爭日本戰勝了俄國白種人之賜，國際間加深對日本的關心與興趣，英文版的『武士道』即變成暢銷書。新渡戶從此成為日本精神、日本倫理學的權威，名揚世界。1905年日俄戰爭戰勝之年，明治天皇特地召見『武士道』作者新渡戶進宮，當然瑪里夫人也陪同到皇居拜謁。
日本在日俄戰爭能夠打敗俄國，其實也是靠美國金融資本的援助。當時德國系猶太人創立的投資銀行古恩․羅布公司( Kuhn, Loeb & Co. )，社長是德國出生而移居歸化美國的薛夫( Jacob H. Schiff )，他跟他的歐洲猶太系金融資本家朋友羅斯契德( Lord Rothschild )，共同封鎖俄國想在倫敦和巴黎籌借戰債，並由薛夫的古恩•羅布公司負責日本在日俄戰爭時的四次外債募款，共募得3億5千萬美元，幾乎是日本在日俄戰爭時戰費的一半 [35] 。薛夫在戰後的1906年赴日，由明治天皇召見，感謝其對日俄戰爭的舉債功勞，而贈與「勳一等瑞寶章」。薛夫是對俄戰爭協力者，才獲得明治天皇召見；新渡戶夫婦對日本從事對外戰爭，以「武士道」精神包裝功勞獲得召見。
從新渡戶稻造呈給明治天皇的『上英文武士道論書』，也可以完全瞭解他撰寫武士道的真意。
「伏惟皇祖肇基，列聖繼緒，洪業先於四表，皇澤遍於蒼生，所施聲教，所及德化，武士道興於茲，輔佐鴻謨，宣揚國風，使眾庶皆歸忠臣愛國之德。斯道卓然，為宇內儀表也。然外邦人猶未詳知，是真憾事，稻造於是作武士道論。」
「稻造才短識薄，加之病嬴，宿志尚有未成，上背聖恩，下愧父祖，唯僅述卑見而作此書。庶幾皇祖皇宗之遺訓，武士道之精神，傳給外邦，以報國恩於萬一。謹上此書，仰奉乙夜之覽，誠惶頓首。」
明治38年(1905年)4月京都帝國大學教授新渡戶稻造再拜白 [36]
這本書在1899年出版後，經過幾次增訂再版，在蘆溝橋事變的翌年1938年，由矢內原忠雄翻譯的日文版在岩波書店出版，成為在日本『武士道』論的鐵定版。此書的第16章「武士道仍然存在？」斷定：「武士道一直都是日本的精神與原動力。」 [37]
「帶領日本渡過王政復古的暴風與國家革新的漩渦，而掌舵『日本船』方向的大政治家，這些人所通曉的道德教育均在武士道之內。看看佐久間象山、西鄉隆盛、大久保利通、木戶孝允等現代日本推動者的傳記，以及伊藤博文、大隈重信、板垣退助等人的回憶錄吧，你會發現日本的形成是以武士道的思想和作用做為動力。」 [38]
的確，佐久間、西鄉、大久保、木戶、伊藤、大隈、板垣等是推動了日本「王政復古」的維新事業，促使日本成為「上下一體的皇國」志士，並且日本也經由甲午戰爭、日俄戰爭使「皇國成為世界第一等強國」。但是日本「內政」的成就乃建立在「外征」亞洲鄰邦的犧牲之上。
佐久間象山是提倡「東洋道德、西洋藝術」論的思想家，他評論英國發動的鴉片戰爭，唯貪圖利己、不知禮義廉恥，他的理想就是日本「皇國成為世界第一等強國」，而啟蒙日本志士推向「開國進取」的方向。佐久間最後拜謁幕府的高層一橋慶喜以及將軍德川家茂談論「開國」時務，然而被「倒幕」和「攘夷」的志士暗殺。
西鄉隆盛、大久保利通、木戶孝允是「王政復古」明治維新的三大功臣。西鄉以「征韓論」聞名，被不平士族擁立造反，戰敗自刃。大久保在明治初年得機會巡遊歐美，見歐美列強虎視眈眈，遂主張先「內治」而反對「征韓」，但1874年轉而主張「征台」、「台灣處分」，並到中國推展「強硬外交」，1878年被不滿士族暗殺。木戶孝允是「尊王攘夷」的志士，起初提倡「征韓論」，以便下級武士的不滿有發洩地方，但自從1872年隨岩倉遣外使節團巡歷歐美回國後，就改變態度反對「征韓」，也反對「征台」，在西南戰爭中死去。伊藤為日本創設內閣制和制定明治憲法的功臣，在其第二次組閣時，擴張海軍，強行挑起中日甲午戰爭，日俄戰爭後為併吞韓國而締結日韓協約，並任第一任韓國統監，但被韓國愛國志士安重根暗殺身亡。
大隈是1874年日本出兵「征台」的事務局長官，第一次世界大戰時組閣對德宣戰，並向中國強行提出21條要求，力圖讓日本取代德國在山東的特殊權益，然而他曾被日本右翼玄洋社員來島恒喜投擲炸彈而斷了一隻腳。板垣是「征韓論」的首腦，因征韓論失敗而下野，後來組織愛國公黨、自由黨等各種政黨，參與政治活動，對內雖主張「自由民權」，但對外則主張「征韓」、「對中國開戰」。
從以上歷史事蹟可見，在日本武士道思想影響下的大政治家，對日本來說確實是明治維新的功臣，但對鄰邦的民眾來說，則顯然都是對外武力侵略的元兇。如果從鄰邦被侵略者的立場來看，日本的武士道思想是應該被否定的。
看看新渡戶稻造的「武士道」論中，他對中日甲午戰爭如何論述的，
「小日本」擁有的是肉體上的耐力、不屈不撓及勇敢，這在中日甲午戰爭中可獲得充分證實。「有任何民族比日本人更忠君愛國嗎？」是經常被提出的問題，而答案總是驕傲的「沒有」。日本人應該感謝的是武士道 [39] 。
日本人應該感謝武士道，那麼被旅順大屠殺的中國人，日本佔領台灣時遭受大屠殺的台胞，是否也要跟日本人一樣歌頌武士道的殘酷呢？
新渡戶再強調：
打贏鴨綠江、朝鮮及滿洲東北戰役的，是日本祖先的靈魂，在子孫的心中跳動，引導著子孫的手。那些威武的魂魄、武勇的先祖精神，並未死去，對於那些有心看見的眼睛，那是清晰可見的。即使一位擁有最先進思想的日本人，在外表之下，仍然是一位武士 [40] 。
在日本武士道威武的魂魄刀下的中國人、朝鮮人、琉球人、原住民族，如果是有獨立自由意志的人，才不會願意屈服在日本軍國主義的鐵蹄下。
新渡戶從1920年起擔任國際聯盟事務局次長７年，負責日本在國際的宣傳工作。回國後就任貴族院議員，並以太平洋問題調查會理事，為瀋陽事變後日軍出兵中國東北辯解，而在1933年去世。他的美國夫人瑪里，則活到盧溝橋事變的次年1938年。他們夫婦不僅支持日本在1904-05 年的對俄戰爭，從 1931年的瀋陽事變開始，在1930年代一直辯護日軍在中國的軍事行動是對的。換言之，新詮釋「武士道」的用意，乃是向歐美列強辯解和正當化日本侵略東亞的理論。
六、結論
新渡戶在台灣製糖業的改革扮演了重要角色。他受台灣總督府的招請於1901年2月擔任台灣總督府技師，5月升任民政部殖產課長，11月擔任新設的殖產局局長，1902年6月臨時台灣糖務局新設時也擔任局長，1903年10月轉任京都帝國大學法科教授，在台3年4個月。
他在台的具體功績就是1901年9月提出「糖業改良意見書」，認為最大的問題在於讓保守的農民採取新品種、新技術，於是勸告兒玉源太郎、後藤新平要成為台灣的專制啟蒙君主，正如普魯士的腓特烈大帝（Frederick II，1712-1786）,為普魯士普及馬鈴薯，不惜以強制力實行。於是在新渡戶的提議下，作成「台灣糖業獎勵規則」，由總督府支出獎勵金，從外國引進甘蔗新品種，給購買蔗苗和肥料的費用、開墾費用、灌溉以及排水費用、製糖機械器具費用等各類優渥的補助，而成立臨時糖務局，將台灣傳統的糖廍淘汰，進行糖業的「現代化」。但結果是驅逐了台灣人自營的糖業，讓日本本土的糖業資本入侵台灣，壟斷台灣的製糖業。
新渡戶肯定殖民地主義，認為殖民地就是新領土。他肯定英國保守黨領袖沙爾茲伯瑞（Robert Salisbury，1830-1903）的論點「膨脹的國民是求生存的國家，不膨脹的國民是死亡的國家，國家只居於其中之一」，認為有活力的國民必定膨脹追求新領土的獲得。因此新渡戶的殖民政策，在客觀上乃在正當化日本統治的理論 [41] 。新渡戶在九一八事變後更趨於帝國主義，在1932年「滿洲國建國」時，稱「滿洲國」是「民族自決」，說連已故威爾遜總統也會滿意。他所服務的國際聯盟，當日本在1933年3月脫離時，他批判國際聯盟應該是政治機關的，怎麼陷入有如司法機關糾彈日本的謬誤，而一直為日本的行動辯護。這時的新渡戶，明顯的從維護國際主義轉變為維護帝國主義了。
戰後，日本銀行在1984年更改紙幣上的圖案設計，採用福澤諭吉像為一萬日圓，新渡戶稻造像為五千日圓，夏目漱石像為一千日圓的圖樣。而此三人對武士道都表示積極性的讚賞，三人的看法雖說一致也存在著微妙的差異，但也表示明治時期的日本人，相當受武士道的影響。
福澤諭吉在1884年10月的中國分割圖上，預言日本將割取台灣，新渡戶稻造在日本割取台灣之後的1899年著「武士道－日本的靈魂」歌頌甲午戰爭打贏鴨綠江、朝鮮及滿洲戰役的是日本祖先的靈魂。以上二位的侵略精神，從被侵略或殖民的人民來說，沒有追隨日本人歌頌的道理。
夏目漱石對武士道的積極評價，是緣於1910年日本海軍有一艘潛水艇發生事故，14名船員全體未脫逃而死在艇內。夏目從艇長佐久間勉的片紙遺書上寫：「小官不小心沉陛下之艇而殺部下，誠對不住。然而船員一同，至死皆盡忠職守，沉著處事」。此與以前英國潛艇遭遇同樣不幸事件時，船員為免於一死而競相往窗口逃亡，以致屍體堆積的死狀相比，確實讓夏目感動日本武士道精神的了不起。日本海軍的一位指揮官就是一名武士，對「沉陛下之艇」、「殺部下」如此痛感責任，才讓文學家夏目漱石感嘆不已，這也許是武士道受景仰之處吧 [42] ！
《註解》
[1] 和辻哲郎、古川哲史校訂『葉隱』（東京、岩波書店、1973年）上冊、頁191。
[2] 同上、中冊、頁161。
[3] 同上、中冊、頁184。
[4] 同上、下冊、頁52。
[5] 『日本史殘酷物語』、『歷史旅』臨時增刊（東京、秋田書店、1992年3月）
頁164-187。
[6] 秦郁彥、佐瀨昌盛、常石敬一編著『世界戰爭犯罪事典』東京、文藝春秋社
、2002年，頁27-31。
[7] 檜山幸夫『日清戰爭──秘藏寫真が明かす真實──』東京、講談社、1997年
、頁117。
[8] 井上晴樹『旅順虐殺事件』東京、筑摩書房、1995年，頁28-30。
[9] 『旅順虐殺事件』頁31-32。
[10] 石河幹明『福澤諭吉傳』第三卷、東京、岩波書店、1932 年、頁756。
[11] 『世界戰爭犯罪事典』頁31。
[12] 『旅順虐殺事件』頁90。
[13] 杉浦和作『明治二十八年台灣平定記』台北、1896年、頁71；日本參謀本部編
『明治二十七八年日清戰史』，許佩賢譯『攻台戰紀──日清戰史、台灣篇』
台北、遠流、1995年、頁184-193；許佩賢譯『攻台見聞──風俗畫報、台灣
征討圖繪篇』台北、遠流、1995年、頁150-152；許世楷『日本統治下台灣
—抵抗彈壓—』東京，東京大學出版會，1984年，頁50-51。
[14] 『攻台戰紀』頁248-253；『攻台見聞』頁294；『讓台記』頁60、頁63、頁64-
65；『瀛海偕亡記』頁11、頁15；姚錫光「東方兵事紀略、台灣篇上」、
收入『台海思慟錄』頁61；洪棄生『瀛海偕亡記』台北，台灣銀行經濟研
究室，1959年，頁24-25。
[15] 『攻台見聞』頁422；『讓台記』頁69-70。
[16] 台灣總督府『陸軍幕僚歷史草案』卷一，6月21日條；台灣總督府警務局編『
台灣總督府警察沿革誌』第二編，上卷（東京、綠蔭書房、1986年、復刻版
），頁432、頁436。
[17] 苫地治三郎『高野孟矩』1897年、頁252-253
Add đi :X
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♥ Nếu có một Cự Giải nói yêu anh…
- Nghĩa là Cự Giải thật sự có tình cảm với anh rất nhiều đấy. Vì bản tính của Cự Giải khá nghiêm túc trong tình cảm nên nó sẽ suy nghĩ kỹ trước khi nói ra quyết định của mình.
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♥ Anh này! Nếu anh yêu một Cự Giải
- Thì anh yêu cả những tính cách của Cự Giải nhé. Thực chất Cự Giải rất yếu lòng, dễ bị cảm động, tủi thân mặc dù cho nó luôn tỏ vẻ rất kiên cường, cứng cáp trước mặt anh.
- Thì anh nhịn bước trước những cư xử vô cớ của Cự Giải nhé. Cự Giải biết là nó sai thật đấy, nhưng vì tự ái và thích cãi lại anh nên nó mới cư xử như thế thôi. Chỉ cần anh nhẹ nhàng là tự nó biết lỗi và sẽ tìm cách làm hòa với anh ngay.
- Thì anh quan tâm Cự Giải nhiều hơn một chút nhé. Vì Cự Giải rất sợ cảm giác cô đơn, bị bỏ mặc. Những lúc như thế, nó thường khép mình lại và không nói cho anh nghe cảm giác thật đâu.
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♥ Và anh này ! Nếu Cự Giải và anh phải chia tay nhau.
Là em- một Cự Giải, muốn níu kéo anh lại lắm- nhưng nó lại sợ sẽ làm anh mệt mỏi vì bản tính của nó. Cự Giải chẳng bao giờ bỏ cuộc nếu chỉ vì những lời tác động của người khác- nhưng nó sẽ rất đau nếu biết chính nó làm người nó yêu quý bị tổn thương...
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Và anh này… Thật sự em không muốn nói điều này đâu- vì bản tính Cự Giải đôi khi cũng ích kỉ lắm- Nếu sau này anh yêu một ai đó- Anh hãy yêu luôn cả phần tình cảm chưa kịp đong đầy của chúng ta nhé ♥
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Bạn đã bao giờ gặp cô gái Cự Giải? Bạn có thấy bối rối không hiểu cô ấy thân thiện, lạnh nhạt hay khó gần? Những điều trên đều có thể là hoàn toàn đúng với nàng, cũng có thể là không đúng chút nào.
Bạn vẫn còn phân vân? Đàn bà Cự Giải thay đổi tâm trạng luôn luôn, những nét trên chính là những nét bạn hay gặp nhất ở nàng.
Tuy nhiên, tính cách cơ bản của nàng không thay đổi. Nàng rất nhạy cảm, tâm lý, tốt bụng và quan tâm đến người khác. Tuy vậy, hầu hết các đặc điểm tiêu biểu này đều bị ẩn đi dưới lớp vỏ hờ hững và khó gần của nàng.
Bạn sẽ phải nhẹ nhàng tháo bỏ lớp vỏ ấy của Cự Giải để thấy được hết bản chất của nàng. Khi yêu, đàn bà Cự Giải mềm yếu, rất "đàn bà", rụt rè và thùy mị.
Cô ấy không thích chỉ trích, không thể chịu nổi sự cự tuyệt và sẽ bị tổn thương sâu sắc bởi những lời lẽ thô bỉ.
Thái độ quá "xông xáo" của bạn sẽ khiến cô ấy lưỡng lự. Cự Giải không bao giờ "tiến tới" trước; cô ấy chỉ biết đến lùi lại hoặc yên vị. Có 2 lý do cho việc này, đó là sự nhút nhát và nỗi sợ bị cự tuyệt.
Cô ấy rất yêu mẹ, vì thế bạn cũng nên kính trọng bà ấy. Cô ấy cũng thích giữ bí mật và không bao giờ muốn thấy bạn bạn tò mò quanh cuốn nhật ký của nàng.
Cô ấy luôn có cảm giác không an toàn trong tình yêu và sẽ rất cần sự kiên định của bạn.
Sẽ chẳng có vấn đề gì nếu cô ấy hiện là Hoa hậu Hoàn Vũ hay có hàng tá đàn ông đang theo đuổi, điều nàng quan tâm nhất chỉ là liệu bạn có chú ý và khuyến khích nàng hay không.
Đàn bà Cự Giải là những người rất giỏi nấu ăn, những bữa ăn của họ thậm chí còn ngon hơn cả những đầu bếp ở khách sạn 5 sao!
Có điều bạn sẽ phải học cách chung sống với tính cách thất thường của cô ấy, song điều ấy không quá khó vì nhìn từ nhiều góc độ, cô ấy vẫn là một cô gái rất tuyệt vời.
Cô gái Cự Giải là một người hoàn toàn chung thủy. Bằng tình cảm và sự hài hước của mình, cô ấy sẽ luôn mang đến cho bạn hạnh phúc.
Một khi đã yêu, cô ấy sẽ nguyện gắn bó với bạn suốt cuộc đời. Tuy nhiên, khi yêu cô gái Cự giải, bạn phải thực sự cẩn trọng với từng lời nói, vì cô ấy là người rẩt nhạy cảm và dễ bị tổn thương. Khi ấy, cô ấy có thể khóc như một đứa trẻ lên 2, và bạn sẽ là người phải đứng cạnh lau khô những giọt nước mắt ấy.
Cô gái Cự giải đặc biệt cẩn thận trong vấn đề tài chính. Không keo kiệt, cũng không quá hoang phí, họ có thói quen tiết kiệm những thứ có thể sử dụng lại được, cho dù nó là tiền hay thậm chí chỉ là những cái cúc áo hay những cái chai không. Họ cũng cẩn thận gìn giữ những vật có giá trị tinh thần, chẳng hạn như chiếc áo len được bà đan tặng nhân ngày sinh nhật.
Cô ấy cũng là một người cảnh giác cao, kể cả đối với bạn nữa đấy.
Tuy nhiên, cô ấy không hề sở hữu hay quá ghen tuông, nhưng bạn hãy nhớ rằng chẳng ai thích chia sẻ tình yêu của mình cả.
Cô ấy cũng là một trong những người không bao giờ lùi bước trước những điều kém may mắn. Cô ấy có thể cũng thất vọng và khóc một mình, nhưng sẽ kiên nhẫn chờ đợi sự thay đổi trong những lần sau.
Hầu hết các cô gái Cự giải đều muốn mình được chiều chuộng như những đứa trẻ.
Đừng quên hãy quan tâm nhiều hơn một chút khi nàng có chuyện buồn, nều không cô ấy sẽ núp sâu hơn vào vỏ bọc bản thân mình. Khi ấy, giúp cô ấy trở lại là chính mình sẽ vô cùng khó.
Cô ấy luôn muốn được an ủi động viên rằng mình là người đầy khao khát và rằng bạn luôn cần có cô ấy bên cạnh.
Tuy vậy, cô ấy không hẳn là một người quá yếu đuối, mà hoàn toàn có khả năng tự chăm sóc mình. Thực tế đàn bà Cự giải là một người giàu đức hy sinh, cô ấy có thể làm mọi điều cho người mình yêu.
Cô ấy có thể rất dễ bị tổn thương khi tình cảm của mình bị chà đạp, thế nhưng khi bạn cần cô ấy, cố ấy lại có thể cứng rắn như "những tảng đá của Gibraltar".
Cô ấy cũng là một người mẹ tốt luôn che chở bảo vệ và mang lại cảm giác bình an nhất cho những đứa con của mình.
Với cô ấy, bọn trẻ là tất cả, và chúng chắc chắn sẽ nhận được sự chăm sóc tuyệt vời với tất cả tình yêu, sự quan tâm, và che chở. Tất nhiên, bọn trẻ cũng vô cùng yêu mẹ, cho dù chúng có đi đâu xa nhà, chúng nhất định sẽ tìm về bên cạnh mẹ.
Cự Giải luôn cần có bạn ở bên che chở và chăm sóc nhưng sẽ không bao giờ tỏ ra buồn phiền khi bạn không thể đứng bên cô ấy. Cô ấy biết rằng bạn sẽ nhanh chóng trở về, theo sát ước mơ của bạn, và là một người vợ lý tưởng trên mọi nẻo đường bạn đi qua.
Quyến rũ và dịu dàng hơn bao giờ hết, cô ấy luôn chờ bạn với bữa ăn nóng hổi, chăm sóc bạn, lắng nghe những phiền muộn của bạn, và đem nụ cười trở về cùng bạn.
^^
with the ART DELEGATION
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www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
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a presentation of COPENHAGEN ULTRACONTEMPORARY BIENNALE will be done at the Venice Biennale 2015 ---
check date and place here www.facebook.com/CopenhagenBiennale
COPENHAGEN ULTRACONTEMPORARY BIENNALE
main : copenhagenbiennale.org/
www.facebook.com/CopenhagenBiennale
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
meanwhile during Venice Biennale contemporary art will be shown by
ABBOUD, Jumana Emil .ABDESSEMED, Adel .ABONNENC, Mathieu Kleyebe
ABOUNADDARA.ACHOUR, Boris ADKINS, Terry AFIF, Saâdane
AKERMAN, Chantal AKOMFRAH, John AKPOKIERE, Karo
AL SOLH, Mounira ALGÜN RINGBORG, Meriç ALLORA, Jennifer & CALZADILLA, Guillermo
ATAMAN, Kutlug BAJEVIC, Maja BALLESTEROS, Ernesto
BALOJI, Sammy BARBA, Rosa
BASELITZ, Georg BASUALDO, Eduardo BAUER, Petra
BESHTY, Walead BHABHA, Huma BOLTANSKI, Christian
BONVICINI, Monica BOYCE, Sonia
BOYD, Daniel BREY, Ricardo BROODTHAERS, Marcel BRUGUERA, Tania
BURGA, Teresa CALHOUN, Keith & McCORMICK, Chandra CAO, Fei
CHAMEKH, Nidhal CHERNYSHEVA, Olga CHUNG, Tiffany
COOPERATIVA CRÁTER INVERTIDO CREATIVE TIME SUMMIT
DAMIANI, Elena DELLER, Jeremy DJORDAJDZE, Thea DUMAS, Marlene
E-FLUX JOURNAL EDWARDS, Melvin EFFLATOUN, Inji EHMANN, Antje & FAROCKI, Harun
EICHHORN, Maria EVANS, Walker FAROCKI, Harun FLOYD, Emily
FRIEDL, Peter FUSCO, Coco FUSINATO, Marco
GAINES, Charles GALLAGHER, Ellen GALLARDO, Ana GARCIA, Dora
GATES, Theaster GENZKEN, Isa GLUKLYA GOMES, Sônia GROSSE, Katharina
GULF LABOR GURSKY, Andreas HAACKE, Hans
HADJITHOMAS, Joana & JOREIGE, Khalil HARRY, Newell HASSAN, Kay
HIRSCHHORN, Thomas HÖLLER, Carsten HOLT, Nancy & SMITHSON, Robert
IM, Heung Soon INVISIBLE BORDERS: Trans-African Photographers ISHIDA, Tetsuya
JI, Dachun JULIEN, Isaac K., Hiwa KAMBALU, Samson KIM, Ayoung
KLUGE, Alexander KNGWARREYE, Emily Kame LAGOMARSINO, Runo LEBER, Sonia & CHESWORTH, David
LIGON, Glenn MABUNDA, Gonçalo MADHUSUDHANAN MAHAMA, Ibrahim
MALJKOVIC, David MAN, Victor MANSARAY, Abu Bakarr MARKER, Chris
MARSHALL, Kerry James MARTEN, Helen MAURI, Fabio McQUEEN, Steve
MOHAIEMEN, Naeem MORAN, Jason MÜLLER, Ivana MUNROE, Lavar MURILLO, Oscar
MUTU, Wangechi NAM, Hwayeon NAUMAN, Bruce NDIAYE, Cheikh NICOLAI, Olaf
OFILI, Chris OGBOH, Emeka PARRENO, Philippe PASCALI, Pino PIPER, Adrian
PONIFASIO, Lemi QIU, Zhijie RAISSNIA, Raha RAQS MEDIA COLLECTIVE
(NARULA, Monica; BAGCHI, Jeebesh; SENGUPTA, Shuddhabrata) REYNAUD-DEWAR, Lili
RIDNYI, Mykola ROBERTS, Liisa ROTTENBERG, Mika SCHÖNFELDT, Joachim SELMANI, Massinissa
SENGHOR, Fatou Kand SHETTY, Prasad & GUPTE, Rupal SIBONY, Gedi
SIMMONS, Gary SIMON, Taryn SIMPSON, Lorna SMITHSON, Robert SUBOTZKY, Mikhael
SUHAIL, Mariam SZE, Sarah THE PROPELLER GROUPthe TOMORROW
TIRAVANIJA, Rirkrit TOGUO, Barthélémy XU, Bing YOUNIS, Ala
ALBANIA
Albanian Trilogy: A Series of Devious Stratagems
Armando Lulaj
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marco Scotini. Deputy Curator: Andris Brinkmanis. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ANDORRA
Inner Landscapes
Roqué, Joan Xandri
Commissioner: Henry Périer. Deputy Commissioner: Joana Baygual, Sebastià Petit, Francesc Rodríguez
Curator: Paolo de Grandis, Josep M. Ubach. Venue: Spiazzi, Castello 3865
ANGOLA
On Ways of Travelling
António Ole, Binelde Hyrcan, Délio Jasse, Francisco Vidal, Nelo Teixeira
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Rita Guedes Tavares. Curator: António Ole. Deputy Curator: Antonia Gaeta. Venue: Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello - Palazzo Pisani, San Marco 2810
ARGENTINA
The Uprising of Form
Juan Carlos Diste´fano
Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace. Curator: Mari´a Teresa Constantin. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
ARMENIA, Republic of
Armenity / Haiyutioun
Haig Aivazian, Lebanon; Nigol Bezjian, Syria/USA; Anna Boghiguian Egypt/Canada; Hera Büyüktasçiyan, Turkey; Silvina Der-Meguerditchian, Argentina/Germany; Rene Gabri & Ayreen Anastas, Iran/Palestine/USA; Mekhitar Garabedian, Belgium; Aikaterini Gegisian, Greece; Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Italy; Aram Jibilian, USA; Nina Katchadourian, USA/Finland; Melik Ohanian, France; Mikayel Ohanjanyan, Armenia/Italy; Rosana Palazyan, Brazil; Sarkis, Turkey/France; Hrair Sarkissian, Syria/UK
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Armenia. Deputy Commissioner: Art for the World, Mekhitarist Congregation of San Lazzaro Island, Embassy of the Republic of Armenia in Italy, Vartan Karapetian. Curator: Adelina Cüberyan von Fürstenberg. Venue: Monastery and Island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni
AUSTRALIA
Fiona Hall: Wrong Way Time
Fiona Hall
Commissioner: Simon Mordant AM. Deputy Commissioner: Charles Green. Curator: Linda Michael. Scientific Committee: Simon Mordant AM, Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Max Delany, Rachel Kent, Danie Mellor, Suhanya Raffel, Leigh Robb. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AUSTRIA
Heimo Zobernig
Commissioner: Yilmaz Dziewior. Curator: Yilmaz Dziewior. Scientific Committee: Friends of the Venice Biennale. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AZERBAIJAN, Republic of
Beyond the Line
Ashraf Murad, Javad Mirjavadov, Tofik Javadov, Rasim Babayev, Fazil Najafov, Huseyn Hagverdi, Shamil Najafzada
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: de Pury de Pury, Emin Mammadov. Venue: Palazzo Lezze, Campo S.Stefano, San Marco 2949
Vita Vitale
Edward Burtynsky, Mircea Cantor, Loris Cecchini, Gordon Cheung, Khalil Chishtee, Tony Cragg, Laura Ford, Noemie Goudal, Siobhán Hapaska, Paul Huxley, IDEA laboratory and Leyla Aliyeva, Chris Jordan with Rebecca Clark and Helena S.Eitel, Tania Kovats, Aida Mahmudova, Sayyora Muin, Jacco Olivier, Julian Opie, Julian Perry, Mike Perry, Bas Princen, Stephanie Quayle, Ugo Rondinone, Graham Stevens, Diana Thater, Andy Warhol, Bill Woodrow, Erwin Wurm, Rose Wylie
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: Artwise: Susie Allen, Laura Culpan, Dea Vanagan. Venue: Ca’ Garzoni, San Marco 3416
BELARUS, Republic of
War Witness Archive
Konstantin Selikhanov
Commissioner: Natallia Sharanhovich. Deputy Commissioners: Alena Vasileuskaya, Kamilia Yanushkevich. Curators: Aleksei Shinkarenko, Olga Rybchinskaya. Scientific Committee: Dmitry Korol, Daria Amelkovich, Julia Kondratyuk, Sergei Jeihala, Sheena Macfarlane, Yuliya Heisik, Hanna Samarskaya, Taras Kaliahin, Aliaksandr Stasevich. Venue: Riva San Biagio, Castello 2145
BELGIUM
Personnes et les autres
Vincent Meessen and Guests, Mathieu K. Abonnenc, Sammy Baloji, James Beckett, Elisabetta Benassi, Patrick Bernier & Olive Martin, Tamar Guimara~es & Kasper Akhøj, Maryam Jafri, Adam Pendleton
Commissioner: Wallonia-Brussels Federation and Wallonia-Brussels International. Curator: Katerina Gregos. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
COSTA RICA
"Costa Rica, Paese di pace, invita a un linguaggio universale d'intesa tra i popoli".
Andrea Prandi, Beatrice Gallori, Beth Parin, Biagio Schembari, Carla Castaldo, Celestina Avanzini, Cesare Berlingeri, Erminio Tansini, Fabio Capitanio, Fausto Beretti, Giovan Battista Pedrazzini, Giovanni Lamberti, Giovanni Tenga, Iana Zanoskar, Jim Prescott, Leonardo Beccegato, Liliana Scocco, Lucia Bolzano, Marcela Vicuna, Marco Bellagamba, Marco Lodola, Maria Gioia dell’Aglio, Mario Bernardinello, Massimo Meucci, Nacha Piattini, Omar Ronda, Renzo Eusebi, Tita Patti, Romina Power, Rubens Fogacci, Silvio di Pietro, Stefano Sichel, Tino Stefanoni, Ufemia Ritz, Ugo Borlenghi, Umberto Mariani, Venere Chillemi, Jacqueline Gallicot Madar, Massimo Onnis, Fedora Spinelli
Commissioner: Ileana Ordonez Chacon. Curator: Gregorio Rossi. Venue: Palazzo Bollani
CROATIA
Studies on Shivering: The Third Degree
Damir Ocko
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marc Bembekoff. Venue: Palazzo Pisani, S. Marina
CUBA
El artista entre la individualidad y el contexto
Lida Abdul, Celia-Yunior, Grethell Rasúa, Giuseppe Stampone, LinYilin, Luis Edgardo Gómez Armenteros, Olga Chernysheva, Susana Pilar Delahante Matienzo
Commissioner: Miria Vicini. Curators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza. Venue: San Servolo Island
CYPRUS, Republic of
Two Days After Forever
Christodoulos Panayiotou
Commissioner: Louli Michaelidou. Deputy Commissioner: Angela Skordi. Curator: Omar Kholeif. Deputy Curator: Daniella Rose King. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, Sestiere San Marco 3079
CZECH Republic and SLOVAK Republic
Apotheosis
Jirí David
Commissioner: Adam Budak. Deputy Commissioner: Barbara Holomkova. Curator: Katarina Rusnakova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ECUADOR
Gold Water: Apocalyptic Black Mirrors
Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla in collaboration with Lucia Vallarino Peet
Commissioner: Andrea Gonzàlez Sanchez. Deputy Commissioner: PDG Arte Communications. Curator: Ileana Cornea. Deputy Curator: Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla. Venue: Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello 3701
ESTONIA
NSFW. From the Abyss of History
Jaanus Samma
Commissioner: Maria Arusoo. Curator: Eugenio Viola. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, campo San Samuele, San Marco 3199
EGYPT
CAN YOU SEE
Ahmed Abdel Fatah, Gamal Elkheshen, Maher Dawoud
Commissioner: Hany Al Ashkar. Curator: Ministry of Culture. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FINLAND (Pavilion Alvar Aalto)
Hours, Years, Aeons
IC-98
Commissioner: Frame Visual Art Finland, Raija Koli. Curator: Taru Elfving. Deputy Curator: Anna Virtanen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FRANCE
revolutions
Céleste Boursier-Mougenot
Commissioner: Institut français, with Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Curator: Emma Lavigne. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GEORGIA
Crawling Border
Rusudan Gobejishvili Khizanishvili, Irakli Bluishvili, Dimitri Chikvaidze, Joseph Sabia
Commissioner: Ana Riaboshenko. Curator: Nia Mgaloblishvili. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
GERMANY
Fabrik
Jasmina Metwaly / Philip Rizk, Olaf Nicolai, Hito Steyerl, Tobias Zielony
Commissioner: ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) on behalf of the Federal Foreign Office. Deputy Commissioner: Elke aus dem Moore, Nina Hülsmeier. Curator: Florian Ebner. Deputy Curator: Tanja Milewsky, Ilina Koralova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GREAT BRITAIN
Sarah Lucas
Commissioner: Emma Dexter. Curator: Richard Riley. Deputy Curator: Katrina Schwarz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GRENADA *
Present Nearness
Oliver Benoit, Maria McClafferty, Asher Mains, Francesco Bosso and Carmine Ciccarini, Guiseppe Linardi
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: Susan Mains. Curator: Susan Mains. Deputy Curator: Francesco Elisei. Venue: Opera don Orione Artigianelli, Sala Tiziano, Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Gesuati, Dorsoduro 919
GREECE
Why Look at Animals? AGRIMIKÁ.
Maria Papadimitriou
Commissioner: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Education and Religious Affairs. Curator: Gabi Scardi. Deputy Curator: Alexios Papazacharias. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
BRAZIL
So much that it doesn't fit here
Antonio Manuel, André Komatsu, Berna Reale
Commissioner: Luis Terepins. Curator: Luiz Camillo Osorio. Deputy Curator: Cauê Alves. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CANADA
Canadassimo
BGL
Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Marc Mayer. Deputy Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Yves Théoret. Curator: Marie Fraser. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CHILE
Poéticas de la disidencia | Poetics of dissent: Paz Errázuriz - Lotty Rosenfeld
Paz Errázuriz, Lotty Rosenfeld
Commissioner: Antonio Arèvalo. Deputy Commissioner: Juan Pablo Vergara Undurraga. Curator: Nelly Richard. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
CHINA, People’s Republic of
Other Future
LIU Jiakun, LU Yang, TAN Dun, WEN Hui/Living Dance Studio, WU Wenguang/Caochangdi Work Station
Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group, CAEG. Deputy Commissioners: Zhang Yu, Yan Dong. Curator: Beijing Contemporary Art Foundation. Scientific Committee: Fan Di’an, Zhang Zikang, Zhu Di, Gao Shiming, Zhu Qingsheng, Pu Tong, Shang Hui. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Giardino delle Vergini
GUATEMALA
Sweet Death
Emma Anticoli Borza, Sabrina Bertolelli, Mariadolores Castellanos, Max Leiva, Pier Domenico Magri, Adriana Montalto, Elmar Rojas (Elmar René Rojas Azurdia), Paolo Schmidlin, Mónica Serra, Elsie Wunderlich, Collettivo La Grande Bouffe
Commissioner: Daniele Radini Tedeschi. Curators: Stefania Pieralice, Carlo Marraffa, Elsie Wunderlich. Deputy Curators: Luciano Carini, Simone Pieralice. Venue: Officina delle Zattere, Dorsoduro 947, Fondamenta Nani
HOLY SEE
Commissioner: Em.mo Card. Gianfranco Ravasi, Presidente del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
HUNGARY
Sustainable Identities
Szilárd Cseke
Commissioner: Monika Balatoni. Deputy Commissioner: István Puskás, Sándor Fodor, Anna Karády. Curator: Kinga German. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ICELAND
Christoph Büchel
Commissioner: Björg Stefánsdóttir. Curator: Nína Magnúsdóttir. Venue: to be confirmed
INDONESIA, Republic of
Komodo Voyage
Heri Dono
Commissioner: Sapta Nirwandar. Deputy Commissioner: Soedarmadji JH Damais. Curator: Carla Bianpoen, Restu Imansari Kusumaningrum. Scientific Committee: Franco Laera, Asmudjo Jono Irianto, Watie Moerany, Elisabetta di Mambro. Venue: Venue: Arsenale
IRAN
Iranian Highlights
Samira Alikhanzaradeh, Mahmoud Bakhshi Moakhar, Jamshid Bayrami, Mohammed Ehsai
The Great Game
Lida Abdul, Bani Abidi, Adel Abidin, Amin Agheai, Ghodratollah Agheli, Shahriar Ahmadi, Parastou Ahovan, Farhad Ahrarnia, Rashad Alakbarov, Nazgol Ansarinia, Reza Aramesh, Alireza Astaneh, Sonia Balassanian, Mahmoud Bakhshi, Moakhar Wafaa Bilal, Mehdi Farhadian, Monir Farmanfarmaian, Shadi Ghadirian, Babak Golkar, Shilpa Gupta, Ghasem Hajizadeh, Shamsia Hassani, Sahand Hesamiyan, Sitara Ibrahimova, Pouran Jinchi, Amar Kanwar, Babak Kazemi, Ryas Komu, Ahmad Morshedloo, Farhad Moshiri, Mehrdad Mohebali, Huma Mulji, Azad Nanakeli, Jamal Penjweny, Imran Qureshi, Sara Rahbar, Rashid Rana, T.V. Santhosh, Walid Siti, Mohsen Taasha Wahidi, Mitra Tabrizian, Parviz Tanavoli, Newsha Tavakolian, Sadegh Tirafkan, Hema Upadhyay, Saira Wasim
Commissioner: Majid Mollanooruzi. Deputy Commissioners: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Curators: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Venue: Calle San Giovanni 1074/B, Cannaregio
IRAQ
Commissioner: Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture in Iraq (RUYA). Deputy Commissioner: Nuova Icona - Associazione Culturale per le Arti. Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren. Venue: Ca' Dandolo, San Polo 2879
IRELAND
Adventure: Capital
Sean Lynch
Commissioner: Mike Fitzpatrick. Curator: Woodrow Kernohan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
ISRAEL
Tsibi Geva | Archeology of the Present
Tsibi Geva
Commissioner: Arad Turgem, Michael Gov. Curator: Hadas Maor. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ITALY
Ministero dei Beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo - Direzione Generale Arte e Architettura Contemporanee e Periferie Urbane. Commissioner: Federica Galloni. Curator: Vincenzo Trione. Venue: Padiglione Italia, Tese delle Vergini at Arsenale
JAPAN
The Key in the Hand
Chiharu Shiota
Commissioner: The Japan Foundation. Deputy Commissioner: Yukihiro Ohira, Manako Kawata and Haruka Nakajima. Curator: Hitoshi Nakano. Venue : Pavilion at Giardini
KENYA
Creating Identities
Yvonne Apiyo Braendle-Amolo, Qin Feng, Shi Jinsong, Armando Tanzini, Li Zhanyang, Lan Zheng Hui, Li Gang, Double Fly Art Center
Commissioner: Paola Poponi. Curator: Sandro Orlandi Stagl. Deputy Curator: Ding Xuefeng. Venue: San Servolo Island
KOREA, Republic of
The Ways of Folding Space & Flying
MOON Kyungwon & JEON Joonho
Commissioner: Sook-Kyung Lee. Curator: Sook-Kyung Lee. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
KOSOVO, Republic of
Speculating on the blue
Flaka Haliti
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. Curator: Nicolaus Schafhausen. Deputy Curator: Katharina Schendl. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
LATVIA
Armpit
Katrina Neiburga, Andris Eglitis
Commissioner: Solvita Krese (Latvian Centre for Contemporary Art). Deputy Commissioner: Kitija Vasiljeva. Curator: Kaspars Vanags. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
LITHUANIA
Museum
Dainius Liškevicius
Commissioner: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Deputy Commissioner: Rasa Antanaviciute. Curator: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Venue: Palazzo Zenobio, Fondamenta del Soccorso 2569, Dorsoduro
LUXEMBOURG, Grand Duchy of
Paradiso Lussemburgo
Filip Markiewicz
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: MUDAM Luxembourg. Curator: Paul Ardenne. Venue: Cà Del Duca, Corte del Duca Sforza, San Marco 3052
MACEDONIA, Former Yugoslavian Republic of
We are all in this alone
Hristina Ivanoska and Yane Calovski
Commissioner: Maja Nedelkoska Brzanova, National Gallery of Macedonia. Deputy Commissioner: Olivija Stoilkova. Curator: Basak Senova. Deputy Curator: Maja Cankulovska Mihajlovska. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Sale d’Armi
MAURITIUS *
From One Citizen You Gather an Idea
Sultana Haukim, Nirmal Hurry, Alix Le Juge, Olga Jürgenson, Helge Leiberg, Krishna Luchoomun, Neermala Luckeenarain, Kavinash Thomoo, Bik Van Der Pol, Laure Prouvost, Vitaly Pushnitsky, Römer + Römer
Commissioner: pARTage. Curators: Alfredo Cramerotti, Olga Jürgenson. Venue: Palazzo Flangini - Canareggio 252
MEXICO
Possesing Nature
Tania Candiani, Luis Felipe Ortega
Commissioner: Tomaso Radaelli. Deputy Commissioner: Magdalena Zavala Bonachea. Curator: Karla Jasso. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
MONGOLIA *
Other Home
Enkhbold Togmidshiirev, Unen Enkh
Commissioner: Gantuya Badamgarav, MCASA. Curator: Uranchimeg Tsultemin. Scientific Committee: David A Ross, Boldbaatar Chultemin. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
MONTENEGRO
,,Ti ricordi Sjecaš li se You Remember "
Aleksandar Duravcevic
Commissioner/Curator: Anastazija Miranovic. Deputy Commissioner: Danica Bogojevic. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero (piano terra), San Marco 3078-3079/A, Ramo Malipiero
MOZAMBIQUE, Republic of *
Theme: Coexistence of Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Mozambique
Mozambique Artists
Commissioner: Joel Matias Libombo. Deputy Commissioner: Gilberto Paulino Cossa. Curator: Comissariado-Geral para a Expo Milano 2015. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
NETHERLANDS, The
herman de vries - to be all ways to be
herman de vries
Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund. Curators: Colin Huizing, Cees de Boer. Venue: Pavilion ar Giardini
NEW ZEALAND
Secret Power
Simon Denny
Commissioner: Heather Galbraith. Curator: Robert Leonard. Venue: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Marco Polo Airport
NORDIC PAVILION (NORWAY)
Camille Norment
Commissioner: OCA, Office for Contemporary Art Norway. Curator: Katya García-Antón. Deputy Curator: Antonio Cataldo. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PERU
Misplaced Ruins
Gilda Mantilla and Raimond Chaves
Commissioner: Armando Andrade de Lucio. Curator: Max Hernández-Calvo. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
PHILIPPINES
Tie a String Around the World
Manuel Conde, Carlos Francisco, Manny Montelibano, Jose Tence Ruiz
Commissioner: National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), Felipe M. de Leon Jr. Curator: Patrick D. Flores. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
POLAND
Halka/Haiti. 18°48’05”N 72°23’01”W
C.T. Jasper, Joanna Malinowska
Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska. Deputy Commissioner: Joanna Wasko. Curator: Magdalena Moskalewicz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PORTUGAL
I Will Be Your Mirror / poems and problems
João Louro
Commissioner/Curator: María de Corral. Venue: Palazzo Loredan, campo S. Stefano
ROMANIA
Adrian Ghenie: Darwin’s Room
Adrian Ghenie
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Mihai Pop. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
Inventing the Truth. On Fiction and Reality
Michele Bressan, Carmen Dobre-Hametner, Alex Mirutziu, Lea Rasovszky, Stefan Sava, Larisa Sitar
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Diana Marincu. Deputy Curators: Ephemair Association (Suzana Dan and Silvia Rogozea). Venue: New Gallery of the Romanian Institute for Culture and Humanistic Research in Venice
RUSSIA
The Green Pavilion
Irina Nakhova
Commissioner: Stella Kesaeva. Curator: Margarita Tupitsyn. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SERBIA
United Dead Nations
Ivan Grubanov
Commissioner: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Commissioner: Ana Bogdanovic. Curator: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Curator: Ana Bogdanovic. Scientific Committee: Jovan Despotovic. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SAN MARINO
Repubblica di San Marino “ Friendship Project “ China
Xu De Qi, Liu Dawei, Liu Ruo Wang, Ma Yuan, Li Lei, Zhang Hong Mei, Eleonora Mazza, Giuliano Giulianelli, Giancarlo Frisoni, Tony Margiotta, Elisa Monaldi, Valentina Pazzini
Commissioner: Istituti Culturali della Repubblica di San Marino. Curator: Vincenzo Sanfo. Venue: TBC
SEYCHELLES, Republic of *
A Clockwork Sunset
George Camille, Léon Wilma Loïs Radegonde
Commissioner: Seychelles Art Projects Foundation. Curators: Sarah J. McDonald, Victor Schaub Wong. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
SINGAPORE
Sea State
Charles Lim Yi Yong
Commissioner: Paul Tan, National Arts Council, Singapore. Curator: Shabbir Hussain Mustafa. Scientific Committee: Eugene Tan, Kathy Lai, Ahmad Bin Mashadi, June Yap, Emi Eu, Susie Lingham, Charles Merewether, Randy Chan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
SLOVENIA, Republic of
UTTER / The violent necessity for the embodied presence of hope
JAŠA
Commissioner: Simona Vidmar. Deputy Commissioner: Jure Kirbiš. Curators: Michele Drascek and Aurora Fonda. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
SPAIN
Los Sujetos (The Subjects)
Pepo Salazar, Cabello/Carceller, Francesc Ruiz, + Salvador Dalí
Commissioner: Ministerio Asuntos Exteriores. Gobierno de España. Curator: Marti Manen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Origini della civiltà
Narine Ali, Ehsan Alar, Felipe Cardeña, Fouad Dahdouh, Aldo Damioli, Svitlana Grebenyuk, Mauro Reggio, Liu Shuishi, Nass ouh Zaghlouleh, Andrea Zucchi, Helidon Xhixha
Commissioner: Christian Maretti. Curator: Duccio Trombadori. Venue: Redentore – Giudecca, San Servolo Island
SWEDEN
Excavation of the Image: Imprint, Shadow, Spectre, Thought
Lina Selander
Commissioner: Ann-Sofi Noring. Curator: Lena Essling. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
SWITZERLAND
Our Product
Pamela Rosenkranz
Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki. Deputy-Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Rachele Giudici Legittimo. Curator: Susanne Pfeffer. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
THAILAND
Earth, Air, Fire & Water
Kamol Tassananchalee
Commissioner: Chai Nakhonchai, Office of Contemporary Art and Culture (OCAC), Ministry of Culture. Curator: Richard David Garst. Deputy Curator: Pongdej Chaiyakut. Venue: Paradiso Gallerie, Giardini della Biennale, Castello 1260
TURKEY
Respiro
Sarkis
Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts. Curator: Defne Ayas. Deputy Curator: Ozge Ersoy. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
TUVALU
Crossing the Tide
Vincent J.F. Huang
Commissioner: Taukelina Finikaso. Deputy Commissioner: Temate Melitiana. Curator: Thomas J. Berghuis. Scientific Committee: Andrea Bonifacio. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
UKRAINE
Hope!
Yevgenia Belorusets, Nikita Kadan, Zhanna Kadyrova, Mykola Ridnyi & SerhiyZhadan, Anna Zvyagintseva, Open Group, Artem Volokitin
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Björn Geldhof. Venue: Riva dei Sette Martiri
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
1980 – Today: Exhibitions in the United Arab Emirates
Abdullah Al Saadi, Abdul Qader Al Rais, Abdulraheem Salim, Abdulrahman Zainal, Ahmed Al Ansari, Ahmed Sharif, Hassan Sharif, Mohamed Yousif, Mohammed Abdullah Bulhiah, Mohammed Al Qassab, Mohammed Kazem, Moosa Al Halyan, Najat Meky, Obaid Suroor, Salem Jawhar
Commissioner: Salama bint Hamdan Al Nahyan Foundation. Curator: Hoor Al Qasimi. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d'Armi
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Joan Jonas: They Come to Us Without a Word
Joan Jonas
Commissioner: Paul C. Ha. Deputy Commissioner: MIT List Visual Arts Center. Curators: Ute Meta Bauer, Paul C. Ha. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
URUGUAY
Global Myopia II (Pencil & Paper)
Marco Maggi
Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale. Curator: Patricia Bentancour. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
VENEZUELA, Bolivarian Republic of
Te doy mi palabra (I give you my word)
Argelia Bravo, Félix Molina (Flix)
Commissioner: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Commissioner: Reinaldo Landaeta Díaz. Curator: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Curator: Morella Jurado. Scientific Committee: Carlos Pou Ruan. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ZIMBABWE, Republic of
Pixels of Ubuntu/Unhu: - Exploring the social and cultural identities of the 21st century.
Chikonzero Chazunguza, Masimba Hwati, Gareth Nyandoro
Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda. Curator: Raphael Chikukwa. Deputy Curator: Tafadzwa Gwetai. Scientific Committee: Saki Mafundikwa, Biggie Samwanda, Fabian Kangai, Reverend Paul Damasane, Nontsikelelo Mutiti, Stephen Garan'anga, Dominic Benhura. Venue: Santa Maria della Pieta
ITALO-LATIN AMERICAN INSTITUTE
Voces Indígenas
Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal. Curator: Alfons Hug. Deputy Curator: Alberto Saraiva. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ARGENTINA
Sofia Medici and Laura Kalauz
PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA
Sonia Falcone and José Laura Yapita
BRAZIL
Adriana Barreto
Paulo Nazareth
CHILE
Rainer Krause
COLOMBIA
León David Cobo,
María Cristina Rincón and Claudia Rodríguez
COSTA RICA
Priscilla Monge
ECUADOR
Fabiano Kueva
EL SALVADOR
Mauricio Kabistan
GUATEMALA
Sandra Monterroso
HAITI
Barbara Prézeau Stephenson
HONDURAS
Leonardo González
PANAMA
Humberto Vélez
NICARAGUA
Raúl Quintanilla
PARAGUAY
Erika Meza
Javier López
PERU
José Huamán Turpo
URUGUAY
Gustavo Tabares
Ellen Slegers
001 Inverso Mundus. AES+F
Magazzino del Sale n. 5, Dorsoduro, 265 (Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Saloni); Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 31st
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
Catalonia in Venice: Singularity
Cantieri Navali, Castello, 40 (Calle Quintavalle)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Institut Ramon Llull
Conversion. Recycle Group
Chiesa di Sant’Antonin, Castello (Campo Sant’Antonin)
May 6th - October 31st
Organization: Moscow Museum of Modern Art
Dansaekhwa
Palazzo Contarini-Polignac, Dorsoduro, 874 (Accademia)
May 7th – August 15th
Organization: The Boghossian Foundation
Dispossession
Palazzo Donà Brusa, Campo San Polo, 2177
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: European Capital of Culture Wroclaw 2016
EM15 presents Doug Fishbone’s Leisure Land Golf
Arsenale Docks, Castello, 40A, 40B, 41C
May 6th - July 26th
Organization: EM15
Eredità e Sperimentazione
Grand Hotel Hungaria & Ausonia, Viale Santa Maria Elisabetta, 28, Lido di Venezia
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Istituto Nazionale di BioArchitettura - Sezione di Padova
Frontiers Reimagined
Palazzo Grimani, Castello, 4858 (Ramo Grimani)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Tagore Foundation International; Polo museale del Veneto
Glasstress 2015 Gotika
Istituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere ed Arti, Palazzo Cavalli Franchetti, San Marco, 2847 (Campo Santo Stefano); Chiesa di Santa Maria della Visitazione, Centro Culturale Don Orione Artigianelli, Dorsoduro, 919 (Zattere); Fondazione Berengo, Campiello della Pescheria, 15, Murano;
May 9th — November 22nd
Organization: The State Hermitage Museum
Graham Fagen: Scotland + Venice 2015
Palazzo Fontana, Cannaregio, 3829 (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Scotland + Venice
Grisha Bruskin. An Archaeologist’s Collection
Former Chiesa di Santa Caterina, Cannaregio, 4941-4942
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Centro Studi sulle Arti della Russia (CSAR), Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
Helen Sear, ... The Rest Is Smoke
Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Castello, 450 (Fondamenta San Gioacchin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Cymru yn Fenis/Wales in Venice
Highway to Hell
Palazzo Michiel, Cannaregio, 4391/A (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Hubei Museum of Art
Humanistic Nature and Society (Shan-Shui) – An Insight into the Future
Palazzo Faccanon, San Marco, 5016 (Mercerie)
May 7th – August 4th
Organization: Shanghai Himalayas Museum
In the Eye of the Thunderstorm: Effervescent Practices from the Arab World & South Asia
Dorsoduro, 417 (Zattere)
May 6th - November 15th
Organization: ArsCulture
Italia Docet | Laboratorium- Artists, Participants, Testimonials and Activated Spectators
Palazzo Barbarigo Minotto, San Marco, 2504 (Fondamenta Duodo o Barbarigo)
May 9th – June 30th; September 11st – October 31st
Organization: Italian Art Motherboard Foundation (i-AM Foundation)
www.venicebiennale-italiadocet.org
Jaume Plensa: Together
Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore, Isola di San Giorgio Maggiore
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Abbazia di San Giorgio Maggiore Benedicti Claustra Onlus
Jenny Holzer "War Paintings"
Museo Correr, San Marco, 52 (Piazza San Marco)
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: The Written Art Foundation; Museo Correr, Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia
correr.visitmuve.it
Jump into the Unknown
Palazzo Loredan dell’Ambasciatore, Dorsoduro, 1261-1262
May 9th – June 18th
Organization: Nine Dragon Heads
9dh-venice.com
Learn from Masters
Palazzo Bembo, San Marco, 4793 (Riva del Carbon)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Pan Tianshou Foundation
pantianshou.caa.edu.cn/foundation_en
My East is Your West
Palazzo Benzon, San Marco, 3927
May 6th – October 31st
Organization: The Gujral Foundation
Ornamentalism. The Purvitis Prize
Arsenale Nord, Tesa 99
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Secretariat of the Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2015
www.purvisabalva.lv/en/ornamentalism
Path and Adventure
Arsenale, Castello, 2126/A (Campo della Tana)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau; The Macao Museum of Art; The Cultural Affairs Bureau
Patricia Cronin: Shrine for Girls, Venice
Chiesa di San Gallo, San Marco, 1103 (Campo San Gallo)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Brooklyn Rail Curatorial Projects
curatorialprojects.brooklynrail.org
Roberto Sebastian Matta. Sculture
Giardino di Palazzo Soranzo Cappello, Soprintendenza BAP per le Province di Venezia, Belluno, Padova e Treviso, Santa Croce, 770 (Fondamenta Rio Marin)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Echaurren Salaris
www.fondazioneechaurrensalaris.it
www.maggioregam.com/56Biennale_Matta
Salon Suisse: S.O.S. Dada - The World Is A Mess
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
May 9th; June 4th - 6th; September 10th - 12th; October 15th - 17th; November 19th – 21st
Organization: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia
Sean Scully: Land Sea
Palazzo Falier, San Marco, 2906
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Volume!
Sepphoris. Alessandro Valeri
Molino Stucky, interior atrium, Giudecca, 812
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Assessorato alla Cultura del Comune di Narni(TR); a Sidereal Space of Art; Satellite Berlin
Tesla Revisited
Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 18th
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
The Bridges of Graffiti
Arterminal c/o Terminal San Basilio, Dorsoduro (Fondamenta Zattere al Ponte Lungo)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Associazione Culturale Inossidabile
The Dialogue of Fire. Ceramic and Glass Masters from Barcelona to Venice
Palazzo Tiepolo Passi, San Polo, 2774
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization: Fundaciò Artigas; ArsCulture
The Question of Beings
Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello, 3701
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei (MoCA, Taipei)
The Revenge of the Common Place
Università Ca' Foscari, Ca' Bernardo, Dorsoduro, 3199 (Calle Bernardo)
May 9th – September 30th
Organization: Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels-VUB)
The Silver Lining. Contemporary Art from Liechtenstein and other Microstates
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
October 24th – November 1st
Organization: Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein
The Sound of Creation. Paintings + Music by Beezy Bailey and Brian Eno
Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello, Palazzo Pisani, San Marco, 2810 (Campo Santo Stefano)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: ArsCulture
The Union of Fire and Water
Palazzo Barbaro, San Marco, 2840
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: YARAT Contemporary Art Organisation
Thirty Light Years - Theatre of Chinese Art
Palazzo Rossini, San Marco, 4013 (Campo Manin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: GAC Global Art Center Foundation; The Guangdong Museum of Art
Tsang Kin-Wah: The Infinite Nothing, Hong Kong in Venice
Arsenale, Castello, 2126 (Campo della Tana)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: M+, West Kowloon Cultural District; Hong Kong Arts Development Council
Under the Surface, Newfoundland and Labrador at Venice
Galleria Ca' Rezzonico, Dorsoduro, 2793
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Terra Nova Art Foundation
Ursula von Rydingsvard
Giardino della Marinaressa, Castello (Riva dei Sette Martiri)
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization:Yorkshire Sculpture Park
We Must Risk Delight: Twenty Artists from Los Angeles
Magazzino del Sale n. 3, Dorsoduro, 264 (Zattere)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: bardoLA
Wu Tien-Chang: Never Say Goodbye
Palazzo delle Prigioni, Castello, 4209 (San Marco)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Taipei Fine Arts Museum of Taiwan
Xanadu
Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello, 3701
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Dream Amsterdam Foundation
Universities and Associations that have joined the project
Sotheby’s Institute of Art, London / St Lucas University College of Art & Design, Antwerp / University of Washington - College of Arts & Sciences, Seattle / Iowa State University - College of Design, Ames / Universität für angewandte Kunst, Vienna
Venice International University / Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia / Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia - Dipartimento di Filosofia e Beni Culturali / Università IUAV di Venezia / Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Milano - Dipartimento di Marketing / Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera, Milano - Ufficio Relazioni Internazionali. Erasmus Office / Politecnico di Milano - Scuola del Design. Laurea in Design degli Interni / Università di Roma Sapienza - Facoltà di Architettura / Associazione Cinemavvenire, Roma / Università per Stranieri di Perugia / Università per Stranieri di Siena
Central Pavilion at the Giardini (3,000 sq.m.) to the Arsenale
Bice Curiger Massimiliano Gioni
A Parliament for a Biennale
Paolo Baratta, President of la Biennale di Venezia
Okwui Enwezor the ARENA Karl Marx’s Das Kapital
Theaster Gates Chris Rehberger Joseph Haydn Cesare Paveset David Adjaye Olaf Nicolai Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige Marsilio Editori. emergency cinema.” Abounaddara
Mathieu KleyebeCharles Gaines’Jeremy Deller Jason Moran , venedig biennale biennial
other Biennale :(Biennials ) :
Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale
Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art
Visit my travel blog drnogotravels.weebly.com/georgia.html to see my best pics and read my travel stories.
traveladventureeverywhere.blogspot.com/2020/08/holy-mosco...
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ALBANIA
Albanian Trilogy: A Series of Devious Stratagems
Armando Lulaj
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marco Scotini. Deputy Curator: Andris Brinkmanis. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ANDORRA
Inner Landscapes
Roqué, Joan Xandri
Commissioner: Henry Périer. Deputy Commissioner: Joana Baygual, Sebastià Petit, Francesc Rodríguez
Curator: Paolo de Grandis, Josep M. Ubach. Venue: Spiazzi, Castello 3865
ANGOLA
On Ways of Travelling
António Ole, Binelde Hyrcan, Délio Jasse, Francisco Vidal, Nelo Teixeira
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Rita Guedes Tavares. Curator: António Ole. Deputy Curator: Antonia Gaeta. Venue: Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello - Palazzo Pisani, San Marco 2810
ARGENTINA
The Uprising of Form
Juan Carlos Diste´fano
Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace. Curator: Mari´a Teresa Constantin. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
ARMENIA, Republic of
Armenity / Haiyutioun
Haig Aivazian, Lebanon; Nigol Bezjian, Syria/USA; Anna Boghiguian Egypt/Canada; Hera Büyüktasçiyan, Turkey; Silvina Der-Meguerditchian, Argentina/Germany; Rene Gabri & Ayreen Anastas, Iran/Palestine/USA; Mekhitar Garabedian, Belgium; Aikaterini Gegisian, Greece; Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Italy; Aram Jibilian, USA; Nina Katchadourian, USA/Finland; Melik Ohanian, France; Mikayel Ohanjanyan, Armenia/Italy; Rosana Palazyan, Brazil; Sarkis, Turkey/France; Hrair Sarkissian, Syria/UK
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Armenia. Deputy Commissioner: Art for the World, Mekhitarist Congregation of San Lazzaro Island, Embassy of the Republic of Armenia in Italy, Vartan Karapetian. Curator: Adelina Cüberyan von Fürstenberg. Venue: Monastery and Island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni
AUSTRALIA
Fiona Hall: Wrong Way Time
Fiona Hall
Commissioner: Simon Mordant AM. Deputy Commissioner: Charles Green. Curator: Linda Michael. Scientific Committee: Simon Mordant AM, Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Max Delany, Rachel Kent, Danie Mellor, Suhanya Raffel, Leigh Robb. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AUSTRIA
Heimo Zobernig
Commissioner: Yilmaz Dziewior. Curator: Yilmaz Dziewior. Scientific Committee: Friends of the Venice Biennale. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AZERBAIJAN, Republic of
Beyond the Line
Ashraf Murad, Javad Mirjavadov, Tofik Javadov, Rasim Babayev, Fazil Najafov, Huseyn Hagverdi, Shamil Najafzada
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: de Pury de Pury, Emin Mammadov. Venue: Palazzo Lezze, Campo S.Stefano, San Marco 2949
Vita Vitale
Edward Burtynsky, Mircea Cantor, Loris Cecchini, Gordon Cheung, Khalil Chishtee, Tony Cragg, Laura Ford, Noemie Goudal, Siobhán Hapaska, Paul Huxley, IDEA laboratory and Leyla Aliyeva, Chris Jordan with Rebecca Clark and Helena S.Eitel, Tania Kovats, Aida Mahmudova, Sayyora Muin, Jacco Olivier, Julian Opie, Julian Perry, Mike Perry, Bas Princen, Stephanie Quayle, Ugo Rondinone, Graham Stevens, Diana Thater, Andy Warhol, Bill Woodrow, Erwin Wurm, Rose Wylie
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: Artwise: Susie Allen, Laura Culpan, Dea Vanagan. Venue: Ca’ Garzoni, San Marco 3416
BELARUS, Republic of
War Witness Archive
Konstantin Selikhanov
Commissioner: Natallia Sharanhovich. Deputy Commissioners: Alena Vasileuskaya, Kamilia Yanushkevich. Curators: Aleksei Shinkarenko, Olga Rybchinskaya. Scientific Committee: Dmitry Korol, Daria Amelkovich, Julia Kondratyuk, Sergei Jeihala, Sheena Macfarlane, Yuliya Heisik, Hanna Samarskaya, Taras Kaliahin, Aliaksandr Stasevich. Venue: Riva San Biagio, Castello 2145
BELGIUM
Personnes et les autres
Vincent Meessen and Guests, Mathieu K. Abonnenc, Sammy Baloji, James Beckett, Elisabetta Benassi, Patrick Bernier & Olive Martin, Tamar Guimara~es & Kasper Akhøj, Maryam Jafri, Adam Pendleton
Commissioner: Wallonia-Brussels Federation and Wallonia-Brussels International. Curator: Katerina Gregos. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
COSTA RICA
"Costa Rica, Paese di pace, invita a un linguaggio universale d'intesa tra i popoli".
Andrea Prandi, Beatrice Gallori, Beth Parin, Biagio Schembari, Carla Castaldo, Celestina Avanzini, Cesare Berlingeri, Erminio Tansini, Fabio Capitanio, Fausto Beretti, Giovan Battista Pedrazzini, Giovanni Lamberti, Giovanni Tenga, Iana Zanoskar, Jim Prescott, Leonardo Beccegato, Liliana Scocco, Lucia Bolzano, Marcela Vicuna, Marco Bellagamba, Marco Lodola, Maria Gioia dell’Aglio, Mario Bernardinello, Massimo Meucci, Nacha Piattini, Omar Ronda, Renzo Eusebi, Tita Patti, Romina Power, Rubens Fogacci, Silvio di Pietro, Stefano Sichel, Tino Stefanoni, Ufemia Ritz, Ugo Borlenghi, Umberto Mariani, Venere Chillemi, Jacqueline Gallicot Madar, Massimo Onnis, Fedora Spinelli
Commissioner: Ileana Ordonez Chacon. Curator: Gregorio Rossi. Venue: Palazzo Bollani
CROATIA
Studies on Shivering: The Third Degree
Damir Ocko
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marc Bembekoff. Venue: Palazzo Pisani, S. Marina
CUBA
El artista entre la individualidad y el contexto
Lida Abdul, Celia-Yunior, Grethell Rasúa, Giuseppe Stampone, LinYilin, Luis Edgardo Gómez Armenteros, Olga Chernysheva, Susana Pilar Delahante Matienzo
Commissioner: Miria Vicini. Curators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza. Venue: San Servolo Island
CYPRUS, Republic of
Two Days After Forever
Christodoulos Panayiotou
Commissioner: Louli Michaelidou. Deputy Commissioner: Angela Skordi. Curator: Omar Kholeif. Deputy Curator: Daniella Rose King. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, Sestiere San Marco 3079
CZECH Republic and SLOVAK Republic
Apotheosis
Jirí David
Commissioner: Adam Budak. Deputy Commissioner: Barbara Holomkova. Curator: Katarina Rusnakova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ECUADOR
Gold Water: Apocalyptic Black Mirrors
Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla in collaboration with Lucia Vallarino Peet
Commissioner: Andrea Gonzàlez Sanchez. Deputy Commissioner: PDG Arte Communications. Curator: Ileana Cornea. Deputy Curator: Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla. Venue: Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello 3701
ESTONIA
NSFW. From the Abyss of History
Jaanus Samma
Commissioner: Maria Arusoo. Curator: Eugenio Viola. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, campo San Samuele, San Marco 3199
EGYPT
CAN YOU SEE
Ahmed Abdel Fatah, Gamal Elkheshen, Maher Dawoud
Commissioner: Hany Al Ashkar. Curator: Ministry of Culture. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FINLAND (Pavilion Alvar Aalto)
Hours, Years, Aeons
IC-98
Commissioner: Frame Visual Art Finland, Raija Koli. Curator: Taru Elfving. Deputy Curator: Anna Virtanen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FRANCE
revolutions
Céleste Boursier-Mougenot
Commissioner: Institut français, with Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Curator: Emma Lavigne. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GEORGIA
Crawling Border
Rusudan Gobejishvili Khizanishvili, Irakli Bluishvili, Dimitri Chikvaidze, Joseph Sabia
Commissioner: Ana Riaboshenko. Curator: Nia Mgaloblishvili. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
GERMANY
Fabrik
Jasmina Metwaly / Philip Rizk, Olaf Nicolai, Hito Steyerl, Tobias Zielony
Commissioner: ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) on behalf of the Federal Foreign Office. Deputy Commissioner: Elke aus dem Moore, Nina Hülsmeier. Curator: Florian Ebner. Deputy Curator: Tanja Milewsky, Ilina Koralova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GREAT BRITAIN
Sarah Lucas
Commissioner: Emma Dexter. Curator: Richard Riley. Deputy Curator: Katrina Schwarz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GRENADA *
Present Nearness
Oliver Benoit, Maria McClafferty, Asher Mains, Francesco Bosso and Carmine Ciccarini, Guiseppe Linardi
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: Susan Mains. Curator: Susan Mains. Deputy Curator: Francesco Elisei. Venue: Opera don Orione Artigianelli, Sala Tiziano, Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Gesuati, Dorsoduro 919
GREECE
Why Look at Animals? AGRIMIKÁ.
Maria Papadimitriou
Commissioner: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Education and Religious Affairs. Curator: Gabi Scardi. Deputy Curator: Alexios Papazacharias. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
BRAZIL
So much that it doesn't fit here
Antonio Manuel, André Komatsu, Berna Reale
Commissioner: Luis Terepins. Curator: Luiz Camillo Osorio. Deputy Curator: Cauê Alves. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CANADA
Canadassimo
BGL
Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Marc Mayer. Deputy Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Yves Théoret. Curator: Marie Fraser. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CHILE
Poéticas de la disidencia | Poetics of dissent: Paz Errázuriz - Lotty Rosenfeld
Paz Errázuriz, Lotty Rosenfeld
Commissioner: Antonio Arèvalo. Deputy Commissioner: Juan Pablo Vergara Undurraga. Curator: Nelly Richard. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
CHINA, People’s Republic of
Other Future
LIU Jiakun, LU Yang, TAN Dun, WEN Hui/Living Dance Studio, WU Wenguang/Caochangdi Work Station
Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group, CAEG. Deputy Commissioners: Zhang Yu, Yan Dong. Curator: Beijing Contemporary Art Foundation. Scientific Committee: Fan Di’an, Zhang Zikang, Zhu Di, Gao Shiming, Zhu Qingsheng, Pu Tong, Shang Hui. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Giardino delle Vergini
GUATEMALA
Sweet Death
Emma Anticoli Borza, Sabrina Bertolelli, Mariadolores Castellanos, Max Leiva, Pier Domenico Magri, Adriana Montalto, Elmar Rojas (Elmar René Rojas Azurdia), Paolo Schmidlin, Mónica Serra, Elsie Wunderlich, Collettivo La Grande Bouffe
Commissioner: Daniele Radini Tedeschi. Curators: Stefania Pieralice, Carlo Marraffa, Elsie Wunderlich. Deputy Curators: Luciano Carini, Simone Pieralice. Venue: Officina delle Zattere, Dorsoduro 947, Fondamenta Nani
HOLY SEE
Commissioner: Em.mo Card. Gianfranco Ravasi, Presidente del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
HUNGARY
Sustainable Identities
Szilárd Cseke
Commissioner: Monika Balatoni. Deputy Commissioner: István Puskás, Sándor Fodor, Anna Karády. Curator: Kinga German. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ICELAND
Christoph Büchel
Commissioner: Björg Stefánsdóttir. Curator: Nína Magnúsdóttir. Venue: to be confirmed
INDONESIA, Republic of
Komodo Voyage
Heri Dono
Commissioner: Sapta Nirwandar. Deputy Commissioner: Soedarmadji JH Damais. Curator: Carla Bianpoen, Restu Imansari Kusumaningrum. Scientific Committee: Franco Laera, Asmudjo Jono Irianto, Watie Moerany, Elisabetta di Mambro. Venue: Venue: Arsenale
IRAN
Iranian Highlights
Samira Alikhanzaradeh, Mahmoud Bakhshi Moakhar, Jamshid Bayrami, Mohammed Ehsai
The Great Game
Lida Abdul, Bani Abidi, Adel Abidin, Amin Agheai, Ghodratollah Agheli, Shahriar Ahmadi, Parastou Ahovan, Farhad Ahrarnia, Rashad Alakbarov, Nazgol Ansarinia, Reza Aramesh, Alireza Astaneh, Sonia Balassanian, Mahmoud Bakhshi, Moakhar Wafaa Bilal, Mehdi Farhadian, Monir Farmanfarmaian, Shadi Ghadirian, Babak Golkar, Shilpa Gupta, Ghasem Hajizadeh, Shamsia Hassani, Sahand Hesamiyan, Sitara Ibrahimova, Pouran Jinchi, Amar Kanwar, Babak Kazemi, Ryas Komu, Ahmad Morshedloo, Farhad Moshiri, Mehrdad Mohebali, Huma Mulji, Azad Nanakeli, Jamal Penjweny, Imran Qureshi, Sara Rahbar, Rashid Rana, T.V. Santhosh, Walid Siti, Mohsen Taasha Wahidi, Mitra Tabrizian, Parviz Tanavoli, Newsha Tavakolian, Sadegh Tirafkan, Hema Upadhyay, Saira Wasim
Commissioner: Majid Mollanooruzi. Deputy Commissioners: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Curators: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Venue: Calle San Giovanni 1074/B, Cannaregio
IRAQ
Commissioner: Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture in Iraq (RUYA). Deputy Commissioner: Nuova Icona - Associazione Culturale per le Arti. Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren. Venue: Ca' Dandolo, San Polo 2879
IRELAND
Adventure: Capital
Sean Lynch
Commissioner: Mike Fitzpatrick. Curator: Woodrow Kernohan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
ISRAEL
Tsibi Geva | Archeology of the Present
Tsibi Geva
Commissioner: Arad Turgem, Michael Gov. Curator: Hadas Maor. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ITALY
Ministero dei Beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo - Direzione Generale Arte e Architettura Contemporanee e Periferie Urbane. Commissioner: Federica Galloni. Curator: Vincenzo Trione. Venue: Padiglione Italia, Tese delle Vergini at Arsenale
JAPAN
The Key in the Hand
Chiharu Shiota
Commissioner: The Japan Foundation. Deputy Commissioner: Yukihiro Ohira, Manako Kawata and Haruka Nakajima. Curator: Hitoshi Nakano. Venue : Pavilion at Giardini
KENYA
Creating Identities
Yvonne Apiyo Braendle-Amolo, Qin Feng, Shi Jinsong, Armando Tanzini, Li Zhanyang, Lan Zheng Hui, Li Gang, Double Fly Art Center
Commissioner: Paola Poponi. Curator: Sandro Orlandi Stagl. Deputy Curator: Ding Xuefeng. Venue: San Servolo Island
KOREA, Republic of
The Ways of Folding Space & Flying
MOON Kyungwon & JEON Joonho
Commissioner: Sook-Kyung Lee. Curator: Sook-Kyung Lee. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
KOSOVO, Republic of
Speculating on the blue
Flaka Haliti
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. Curator: Nicolaus Schafhausen. Deputy Curator: Katharina Schendl. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
LATVIA
Armpit
Katrina Neiburga, Andris Eglitis
Commissioner: Solvita Krese (Latvian Centre for Contemporary Art). Deputy Commissioner: Kitija Vasiljeva. Curator: Kaspars Vanags. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
LITHUANIA
Museum
Dainius Liškevicius
Commissioner: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Deputy Commissioner: Rasa Antanaviciute. Curator: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Venue: Palazzo Zenobio, Fondamenta del Soccorso 2569, Dorsoduro
LUXEMBOURG, Grand Duchy of
Paradiso Lussemburgo
Filip Markiewicz
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: MUDAM Luxembourg. Curator: Paul Ardenne. Venue: Cà Del Duca, Corte del Duca Sforza, San Marco 3052
MACEDONIA, Former Yugoslavian Republic of
We are all in this alone
Hristina Ivanoska and Yane Calovski
Commissioner: Maja Nedelkoska Brzanova, National Gallery of Macedonia. Deputy Commissioner: Olivija Stoilkova. Curator: Basak Senova. Deputy Curator: Maja Cankulovska Mihajlovska. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Sale d’Armi
MAURITIUS *
From One Citizen You Gather an Idea
Sultana Haukim, Nirmal Hurry, Alix Le Juge, Olga Jürgenson, Helge Leiberg, Krishna Luchoomun, Neermala Luckeenarain, Kavinash Thomoo, Bik Van Der Pol, Laure Prouvost, Vitaly Pushnitsky, Römer + Römer
Commissioner: pARTage. Curators: Alfredo Cramerotti, Olga Jürgenson. Venue: Palazzo Flangini - Canareggio 252
MEXICO
Possesing Nature
Tania Candiani, Luis Felipe Ortega
Commissioner: Tomaso Radaelli. Deputy Commissioner: Magdalena Zavala Bonachea. Curator: Karla Jasso. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
MONGOLIA *
Other Home
Enkhbold Togmidshiirev, Unen Enkh
Commissioner: Gantuya Badamgarav, MCASA. Curator: Uranchimeg Tsultemin. Scientific Committee: David A Ross, Boldbaatar Chultemin. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
MONTENEGRO
,,Ti ricordi Sjecaš li se You Remember "
Aleksandar Duravcevic
Commissioner/Curator: Anastazija Miranovic. Deputy Commissioner: Danica Bogojevic. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero (piano terra), San Marco 3078-3079/A, Ramo Malipiero
MOZAMBIQUE, Republic of *
Theme: Coexistence of Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Mozambique
Mozambique Artists
Commissioner: Joel Matias Libombo. Deputy Commissioner: Gilberto Paulino Cossa. Curator: Comissariado-Geral para a Expo Milano 2015. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
NETHERLANDS, The
herman de vries - to be all ways to be
herman de vries
Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund. Curators: Colin Huizing, Cees de Boer. Venue: Pavilion ar Giardini
NEW ZEALAND
Secret Power
Simon Denny
Commissioner: Heather Galbraith. Curator: Robert Leonard. Venue: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Marco Polo Airport
NORDIC PAVILION (NORWAY)
Camille Norment
Commissioner: OCA, Office for Contemporary Art Norway. Curator: Katya García-Antón. Deputy Curator: Antonio Cataldo. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PERU
Misplaced Ruins
Gilda Mantilla and Raimond Chaves
Commissioner: Armando Andrade de Lucio. Curator: Max Hernández-Calvo. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
PHILIPPINES
Tie a String Around the World
Manuel Conde, Carlos Francisco, Manny Montelibano, Jose Tence Ruiz
Commissioner: National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), Felipe M. de Leon Jr. Curator: Patrick D. Flores. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
POLAND
Halka/Haiti. 18°48’05”N 72°23’01”W
C.T. Jasper, Joanna Malinowska
Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska. Deputy Commissioner: Joanna Wasko. Curator: Magdalena Moskalewicz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PORTUGAL
I Will Be Your Mirror / poems and problems
João Louro
Commissioner/Curator: María de Corral. Venue: Palazzo Loredan, campo S. Stefano
ROMANIA
Adrian Ghenie: Darwin’s Room
Adrian Ghenie
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Mihai Pop. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
Inventing the Truth. On Fiction and Reality
Michele Bressan, Carmen Dobre-Hametner, Alex Mirutziu, Lea Rasovszky, Stefan Sava, Larisa Sitar
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Diana Marincu. Deputy Curators: Ephemair Association (Suzana Dan and Silvia Rogozea). Venue: New Gallery of the Romanian Institute for Culture and Humanistic Research in Venice
RUSSIA
The Green Pavilion
Irina Nakhova
Commissioner: Stella Kesaeva. Curator: Margarita Tupitsyn. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SERBIA
United Dead Nations
Ivan Grubanov
Commissioner: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Commissioner: Ana Bogdanovic. Curator: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Curator: Ana Bogdanovic. Scientific Committee: Jovan Despotovic. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SAN MARINO
Repubblica di San Marino “ Friendship Project “ China
Xu De Qi, Liu Dawei, Liu Ruo Wang, Ma Yuan, Li Lei, Zhang Hong Mei, Eleonora Mazza, Giuliano Giulianelli, Giancarlo Frisoni, Tony Margiotta, Elisa Monaldi, Valentina Pazzini
Commissioner: Istituti Culturali della Repubblica di San Marino. Curator: Vincenzo Sanfo. Venue: TBC
SEYCHELLES, Republic of *
A Clockwork Sunset
George Camille, Léon Wilma Loïs Radegonde
Commissioner: Seychelles Art Projects Foundation. Curators: Sarah J. McDonald, Victor Schaub Wong. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
SINGAPORE
Sea State
Charles Lim Yi Yong
Commissioner: Paul Tan, National Arts Council, Singapore. Curator: Shabbir Hussain Mustafa. Scientific Committee: Eugene Tan, Kathy Lai, Ahmad Bin Mashadi, June Yap, Emi Eu, Susie Lingham, Charles Merewether, Randy Chan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
SLOVENIA, Republic of
UTTER / The violent necessity for the embodied presence of hope
JAŠA
Commissioner: Simona Vidmar. Deputy Commissioner: Jure Kirbiš. Curators: Michele Drascek and Aurora Fonda. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
SPAIN
Los Sujetos (The Subjects)
Pepo Salazar, Cabello/Carceller, Francesc Ruiz, + Salvador Dalí
Commissioner: Ministerio Asuntos Exteriores. Gobierno de España. Curator: Marti Manen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Origini della civiltà
Narine Ali, Ehsan Alar, Felipe Cardeña, Fouad Dahdouh, Aldo Damioli, Svitlana Grebenyuk, Mauro Reggio, Liu Shuishi, Nass ouh Zaghlouleh, Andrea Zucchi, Helidon Xhixha
Commissioner: Christian Maretti. Curator: Duccio Trombadori. Venue: Redentore – Giudecca, San Servolo Island
SWEDEN
Excavation of the Image: Imprint, Shadow, Spectre, Thought
Lina Selander
Commissioner: Ann-Sofi Noring. Curator: Lena Essling. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
SWITZERLAND
Our Product
Pamela Rosenkranz
Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki. Deputy-Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Rachele Giudici Legittimo. Curator: Susanne Pfeffer. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
THAILAND
Earth, Air, Fire & Water
Kamol Tassananchalee
Commissioner: Chai Nakhonchai, Office of Contemporary Art and Culture (OCAC), Ministry of Culture. Curator: Richard David Garst. Deputy Curator: Pongdej Chaiyakut. Venue: Paradiso Gallerie, Giardini della Biennale, Castello 1260
TURKEY
Respiro
Sarkis
Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts. Curator: Defne Ayas. Deputy Curator: Ozge Ersoy. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
TUVALU
Crossing the Tide
Vincent J.F. Huang
Commissioner: Taukelina Finikaso. Deputy Commissioner: Temate Melitiana. Curator: Thomas J. Berghuis. Scientific Committee: Andrea Bonifacio. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
UKRAINE
Hope!
Yevgenia Belorusets, Nikita Kadan, Zhanna Kadyrova, Mykola Ridnyi & SerhiyZhadan, Anna Zvyagintseva, Open Group, Artem Volokitin
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Björn Geldhof. Venue: Riva dei Sette Martiri
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
1980 – Today: Exhibitions in the United Arab Emirates
Abdullah Al Saadi, Abdul Qader Al Rais, Abdulraheem Salim, Abdulrahman Zainal, Ahmed Al Ansari, Ahmed Sharif, Hassan Sharif, Mohamed Yousif, Mohammed Abdullah Bulhiah, Mohammed Al Qassab, Mohammed Kazem, Moosa Al Halyan, Najat Meky, Obaid Suroor, Salem Jawhar
Commissioner: Salama bint Hamdan Al Nahyan Foundation. Curator: Hoor Al Qasimi. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d'Armi
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Joan Jonas: They Come to Us Without a Word
Joan Jonas
Commissioner: Paul C. Ha. Deputy Commissioner: MIT List Visual Arts Center. Curators: Ute Meta Bauer, Paul C. Ha. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
URUGUAY
Global Myopia II (Pencil & Paper)
Marco Maggi
Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale. Curator: Patricia Bentancour. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
VENEZUELA, Bolivarian Republic of
Te doy mi palabra (I give you my word)
Argelia Bravo, Félix Molina (Flix)
Commissioner: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Commissioner: Reinaldo Landaeta Díaz. Curator: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Curator: Morella Jurado. Scientific Committee: Carlos Pou Ruan. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ZIMBABWE, Republic of
Pixels of Ubuntu/Unhu: - Exploring the social and cultural identities of the 21st century.
Chikonzero Chazunguza, Masimba Hwati, Gareth Nyandoro
Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda. Curator: Raphael Chikukwa. Deputy Curator: Tafadzwa Gwetai. Scientific Committee: Saki Mafundikwa, Biggie Samwanda, Fabian Kangai, Reverend Paul Damasane, Nontsikelelo Mutiti, Stephen Garan'anga, Dominic Benhura. Venue: Santa Maria della Pieta
ITALO-LATIN AMERICAN INSTITUTE
Voces Indígenas
Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal. Curator: Alfons Hug. Deputy Curator: Alberto Saraiva. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ARGENTINA
Sofia Medici and Laura Kalauz
PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA
Sonia Falcone and José Laura Yapita
BRAZIL
Adriana Barreto
Paulo Nazareth
CHILE
Rainer Krause
COLOMBIA
León David Cobo,
María Cristina Rincón and Claudia Rodríguez
COSTA RICA
Priscilla Monge
ECUADOR
Fabiano Kueva
EL SALVADOR
Mauricio Kabistan
GUATEMALA
Sandra Monterroso
HAITI
Barbara Prézeau Stephenson
HONDURAS
Leonardo González
PANAMA
Humberto Vélez
NICARAGUA
Raúl Quintanilla
PARAGUAY
Erika Meza
Javier López
PERU
José Huamán Turpo
URUGUAY
Gustavo Tabares
Ellen Slegers
001 Inverso Mundus. AES+F
Magazzino del Sale n. 5, Dorsoduro, 265 (Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Saloni); Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 31st
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
Catalonia in Venice: Singularity
Cantieri Navali, Castello, 40 (Calle Quintavalle)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Institut Ramon Llull
venezia2015.llull.cat
Conversion. Recycle Group
Chiesa di Sant’Antonin, Castello (Campo Sant’Antonin)
May 6th - October 31st
Organization: Moscow Museum of Modern Art
Dansaekhwa
Palazzo Contarini-Polignac, Dorsoduro, 874 (Accademia)
May 7th – August 15th
Organization: The Boghossian Foundation
Dispossession
Palazzo Donà Brusa, Campo San Polo, 2177
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: European Capital of Culture Wroclaw 2016
wroclaw2016.pl/biennale/
EM15 presents Doug Fishbone’s Leisure Land Golf
Arsenale Docks, Castello, 40A, 40B, 41C
May 6th - July 26th
Organization: EM15
Eredità e Sperimentazione
Grand Hotel Hungaria & Ausonia, Viale Santa Maria Elisabetta, 28, Lido di Venezia
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Istituto Nazionale di BioArchitettura - Sezione di Padova
Frontiers Reimagined
Palazzo Grimani, Castello, 4858 (Ramo Grimani)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Tagore Foundation International; Polo museale del Veneto
Glasstress 2015 Gotika
Istituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere ed Arti, Palazzo Cavalli Franchetti, San Marco, 2847 (Campo Santo Stefano); Chiesa di Santa Maria della Visitazione, Centro Culturale Don Orione Artigianelli, Dorsoduro, 919 (Zattere); Fondazione Berengo, Campiello della Pescheria, 15, Murano;
May 9th — November 22nd
Organization: The State Hermitage Museum
Graham Fagen: Scotland + Venice 2015
Palazzo Fontana, Cannaregio, 3829 (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Scotland + Venice
Grisha Bruskin. An Archaeologist’s Collection
Former Chiesa di Santa Caterina, Cannaregio, 4941-4942
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Centro Studi sulle Arti della Russia (CSAR), Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
Helen Sear, ... The Rest Is Smoke
Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Castello, 450 (Fondamenta San Gioacchin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Cymru yn Fenis/Wales in Venice
Highway to Hell
Palazzo Michiel, Cannaregio, 4391/A (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Hubei Museum of Art
Humanistic Nature and Society (Shan-Shui) – An Insight into the Future
Palazzo Faccanon, San Marco, 5016 (Mercerie)
May 7th – August 4th
Organization: Shanghai Himalayas Museum
In the Eye of the Thunderstorm: Effervescent Practices from the Arab World & South Asia
Dorsoduro, 417 (Zattere)
May 6th - November 15th
Organization: ArsCulture
Italia Docet | Laboratorium- Artists, Participants, Testimonials and Activated Spectators
Palazzo Barbarigo Minotto, San Marco, 2504 (Fondamenta Duodo o Barbarigo)
May 9th – June 30th; September 11st – October 31st
Organization: Italian Art Motherboard Foundation (i-AM Foundation)
www.venicebiennale-italiadocet.org
Jaume Plensa: Together
Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore, Isola di San Giorgio Maggiore
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Abbazia di San Giorgio Maggiore Benedicti Claustra Onlus
Jenny Holzer "War Paintings"
Museo Correr, San Marco, 52 (Piazza San Marco)
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: The Written Art Foundation; Museo Correr, Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia
correr.visitmuve.it
Jump into the Unknown
Palazzo Loredan dell’Ambasciatore, Dorsoduro, 1261-1262
May 9th – June 18th
Organization: Nine Dragon Heads
9dh-venice.com
Learn from Masters
Palazzo Bembo, San Marco, 4793 (Riva del Carbon)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Pan Tianshou Foundation
pantianshou.caa.edu.cn/foundation_en
My East is Your West
Palazzo Benzon, San Marco, 3927
May 6th – October 31st
Organization: The Gujral Foundation
Ornamentalism. The Purvitis Prize
Arsenale Nord, Tesa 99
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Secretariat of the Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2015
www.purvisabalva.lv/en/ornamentalism
Path and Adventure
Arsenale, Castello, 2126/A (Campo della Tana)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau; The Macao Museum of Art; The Cultural Affairs Bureau
Patricia Cronin: Shrine for Girls, Venice
Chiesa di San Gallo, San Marco, 1103 (Campo San Gallo)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Brooklyn Rail Curatorial Projects
curatorialprojects.brooklynrail.org
Roberto Sebastian Matta. Sculture
Giardino di Palazzo Soranzo Cappello, Soprintendenza BAP per le Province di Venezia, Belluno, Padova e Treviso, Santa Croce, 770 (Fondamenta Rio Marin)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Echaurren Salaris
www.fondazioneechaurrensalaris.it
www.maggioregam.com/56Biennale_Matta
Salon Suisse: S.O.S. Dada - The World Is A Mess
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
May 9th; June 4th - 6th; September 10th - 12th; October 15th - 17th; November 19th – 21st
Organization: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia
Sean Scully: Land Sea
Palazzo Falier, San Marco, 2906
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Volume!
Sepphoris. Alessandro Valeri
Molino Stucky, interior atrium, Giudecca, 812
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Assessorato alla Cultura del Comune di Narni(TR); a Sidereal Space of Art; Satellite Berlin
Tesla Revisited
Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 18th
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
The Bridges of Graffiti
Arterminal c/o Terminal San Basilio, Dorsoduro (Fondamenta Zattere al Ponte Lungo)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Associazione Culturale Inossidabile
The Dialogue of Fire. Ceramic and Glass Masters from Barcelona to Venice
Palazzo Tiepolo Passi, San Polo, 2774
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization: Fundaciò Artigas; ArsCulture
The Question of Beings
Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello, 3701
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei (MoCA, Taipei)
The Revenge of the Common Place
Università Ca' Foscari, Ca' Bernardo, Dorsoduro, 3199 (Calle Bernardo)
May 9th – September 30th
Organization: Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels-VUB)
The Silver Lining. Contemporary Art from Liechtenstein and other Microstates
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
October 24th – November 1st
Organization: Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein
The Sound of Creation. Paintings + Music by Beezy Bailey and Brian Eno
Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello, Palazzo Pisani, San Marco, 2810 (Campo Santo Stefano)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: ArsCulture
The Union of Fire and Water
Palazzo Barbaro, San Marco, 2840
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: YARAT Contemporary Art Organisation
Thirty Light Years - Theatre of Chinese Art
Palazzo Rossini, San Marco, 4013 (Campo Manin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: GAC Global Art Center Foundation; The Guangdong Museum of Art
Tsang Kin-Wah: The Infinite Nothing, Hong Kong in Venice
Arsenale, Castello, 2126 (Campo della Tana)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: M+, West Kowloon Cultural District; Hong Kong Arts Development Council
Under the Surface, Newfoundland and Labrador at Venice
Galleria Ca' Rezzonico, Dorsoduro, 2793
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Terra Nova Art Foundation
tnaf.ca
Ursula von Rydingsvard
Giardino della Marinaressa, Castello (Riva dei Sette Martiri)
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization:Yorkshire Sculpture Park
We Must Risk Delight: Twenty Artists from Los Angeles
Magazzino del Sale n. 3, Dorsoduro, 264 (Zattere)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: bardoLA
Wu Tien-Chang: Never Say Goodbye
Palazzo delle Prigioni, Castello, 4209 (San Marco)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Taipei Fine Arts Museum of Taiwan
Dress: See by Chloe (thrifted, here)
Cardigan: August Silk (pre-weight loss) (PL)
Belt: Punch Card Belt (Anthro) (M) (similar here for $10, here for $7) (check out these other blatant Anthro knockoffs: Charlotte Russe Knockoff ($9.50) and Forever 21 Knockoff ($6.80) of Anthro's Ring-Cinched Belt ($48); Charlotte Russe Knockoff ($5.50) of Anthro's Soft Bow Belt ($30?); Forever 21 Knockoff ($6.80) of Anthro's Synapse Belt ($48) (spotted by Kim of Anthroholic and reported by Look For Less); Forever 21 Knockoff ($5.50, brown) of Anthro's Snakebite Belt ($30?))
Tights: Hue Opaque Footless Tights (Anthro) (I've had these tights for almost a year but have always felt ridiculous every time I tried to wear them. I liked them with this outfit, though...and they were super warm!)
Earrings: (Anthro?)
Boots: Andria Boot (Lucky Brand, here)
Necklace: JCrew? (thrifted) (see it on Emma Pillsbury, in pink, here)
Watch: Fossil (second-hand) (similar here)
This outfit was part of Amy K.'s "Breaking the Rules" blog feature (explained on her blog here).
I blogged it here.
traveladventureeverywhere.blogspot.com/2024/06/saint-pete...
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ALBANIA
Albanian Trilogy: A Series of Devious Stratagems
Armando Lulaj
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marco Scotini. Deputy Curator: Andris Brinkmanis. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ANDORRA
Inner Landscapes
Roqué, Joan Xandri
Commissioner: Henry Périer. Deputy Commissioner: Joana Baygual, Sebastià Petit, Francesc Rodríguez
Curator: Paolo de Grandis, Josep M. Ubach. Venue: Spiazzi, Castello 3865
ANGOLA
On Ways of Travelling
António Ole, Binelde Hyrcan, Délio Jasse, Francisco Vidal, Nelo Teixeira
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Rita Guedes Tavares. Curator: António Ole. Deputy Curator: Antonia Gaeta. Venue: Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello - Palazzo Pisani, San Marco 2810
ARGENTINA
The Uprising of Form
Juan Carlos Diste´fano
Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace. Curator: Mari´a Teresa Constantin. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
ARMENIA, Republic of
Armenity / Haiyutioun
Haig Aivazian, Lebanon; Nigol Bezjian, Syria/USA; Anna Boghiguian Egypt/Canada; Hera Büyüktasçiyan, Turkey; Silvina Der-Meguerditchian, Argentina/Germany; Rene Gabri & Ayreen Anastas, Iran/Palestine/USA; Mekhitar Garabedian, Belgium; Aikaterini Gegisian, Greece; Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Italy; Aram Jibilian, USA; Nina Katchadourian, USA/Finland; Melik Ohanian, France; Mikayel Ohanjanyan, Armenia/Italy; Rosana Palazyan, Brazil; Sarkis, Turkey/France; Hrair Sarkissian, Syria/UK
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Armenia. Deputy Commissioner: Art for the World, Mekhitarist Congregation of San Lazzaro Island, Embassy of the Republic of Armenia in Italy, Vartan Karapetian. Curator: Adelina Cüberyan von Fürstenberg. Venue: Monastery and Island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni
AUSTRALIA
Fiona Hall: Wrong Way Time
Fiona Hall
Commissioner: Simon Mordant AM. Deputy Commissioner: Charles Green. Curator: Linda Michael. Scientific Committee: Simon Mordant AM, Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Max Delany, Rachel Kent, Danie Mellor, Suhanya Raffel, Leigh Robb. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AUSTRIA
Heimo Zobernig
Commissioner: Yilmaz Dziewior. Curator: Yilmaz Dziewior. Scientific Committee: Friends of the Venice Biennale. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AZERBAIJAN, Republic of
Beyond the Line
Ashraf Murad, Javad Mirjavadov, Tofik Javadov, Rasim Babayev, Fazil Najafov, Huseyn Hagverdi, Shamil Najafzada
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: de Pury de Pury, Emin Mammadov. Venue: Palazzo Lezze, Campo S.Stefano, San Marco 2949
Vita Vitale
Edward Burtynsky, Mircea Cantor, Loris Cecchini, Gordon Cheung, Khalil Chishtee, Tony Cragg, Laura Ford, Noemie Goudal, Siobhán Hapaska, Paul Huxley, IDEA laboratory and Leyla Aliyeva, Chris Jordan with Rebecca Clark and Helena S.Eitel, Tania Kovats, Aida Mahmudova, Sayyora Muin, Jacco Olivier, Julian Opie, Julian Perry, Mike Perry, Bas Princen, Stephanie Quayle, Ugo Rondinone, Graham Stevens, Diana Thater, Andy Warhol, Bill Woodrow, Erwin Wurm, Rose Wylie
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: Artwise: Susie Allen, Laura Culpan, Dea Vanagan. Venue: Ca’ Garzoni, San Marco 3416
BELARUS, Republic of
War Witness Archive
Konstantin Selikhanov
Commissioner: Natallia Sharanhovich. Deputy Commissioners: Alena Vasileuskaya, Kamilia Yanushkevich. Curators: Aleksei Shinkarenko, Olga Rybchinskaya. Scientific Committee: Dmitry Korol, Daria Amelkovich, Julia Kondratyuk, Sergei Jeihala, Sheena Macfarlane, Yuliya Heisik, Hanna Samarskaya, Taras Kaliahin, Aliaksandr Stasevich. Venue: Riva San Biagio, Castello 2145
BELGIUM
Personnes et les autres
Vincent Meessen and Guests, Mathieu K. Abonnenc, Sammy Baloji, James Beckett, Elisabetta Benassi, Patrick Bernier & Olive Martin, Tamar Guimara~es & Kasper Akhøj, Maryam Jafri, Adam Pendleton
Commissioner: Wallonia-Brussels Federation and Wallonia-Brussels International. Curator: Katerina Gregos. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
COSTA RICA
"Costa Rica, Paese di pace, invita a un linguaggio universale d'intesa tra i popoli".
Andrea Prandi, Beatrice Gallori, Beth Parin, Biagio Schembari, Carla Castaldo, Celestina Avanzini, Cesare Berlingeri, Erminio Tansini, Fabio Capitanio, Fausto Beretti, Giovan Battista Pedrazzini, Giovanni Lamberti, Giovanni Tenga, Iana Zanoskar, Jim Prescott, Leonardo Beccegato, Liliana Scocco, Lucia Bolzano, Marcela Vicuna, Marco Bellagamba, Marco Lodola, Maria Gioia dell’Aglio, Mario Bernardinello, Massimo Meucci, Nacha Piattini, Omar Ronda, Renzo Eusebi, Tita Patti, Romina Power, Rubens Fogacci, Silvio di Pietro, Stefano Sichel, Tino Stefanoni, Ufemia Ritz, Ugo Borlenghi, Umberto Mariani, Venere Chillemi, Jacqueline Gallicot Madar, Massimo Onnis, Fedora Spinelli
Commissioner: Ileana Ordonez Chacon. Curator: Gregorio Rossi. Venue: Palazzo Bollani
CROATIA
Studies on Shivering: The Third Degree
Damir Ocko
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marc Bembekoff. Venue: Palazzo Pisani, S. Marina
CUBA
El artista entre la individualidad y el contexto
Lida Abdul, Celia-Yunior, Grethell Rasúa, Giuseppe Stampone, LinYilin, Luis Edgardo Gómez Armenteros, Olga Chernysheva, Susana Pilar Delahante Matienzo
Commissioner: Miria Vicini. Curators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza. Venue: San Servolo Island
CYPRUS, Republic of
Two Days After Forever
Christodoulos Panayiotou
Commissioner: Louli Michaelidou. Deputy Commissioner: Angela Skordi. Curator: Omar Kholeif. Deputy Curator: Daniella Rose King. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, Sestiere San Marco 3079
CZECH Republic and SLOVAK Republic
Apotheosis
Jirí David
Commissioner: Adam Budak. Deputy Commissioner: Barbara Holomkova. Curator: Katarina Rusnakova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ECUADOR
Gold Water: Apocalyptic Black Mirrors
Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla in collaboration with Lucia Vallarino Peet
Commissioner: Andrea Gonzàlez Sanchez. Deputy Commissioner: PDG Arte Communications. Curator: Ileana Cornea. Deputy Curator: Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla. Venue: Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello 3701
ESTONIA
NSFW. From the Abyss of History
Jaanus Samma
Commissioner: Maria Arusoo. Curator: Eugenio Viola. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, campo San Samuele, San Marco 3199
EGYPT
CAN YOU SEE
Ahmed Abdel Fatah, Gamal Elkheshen, Maher Dawoud
Commissioner: Hany Al Ashkar. Curator: Ministry of Culture. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FINLAND (Pavilion Alvar Aalto)
Hours, Years, Aeons
IC-98
Commissioner: Frame Visual Art Finland, Raija Koli. Curator: Taru Elfving. Deputy Curator: Anna Virtanen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FRANCE
revolutions
Céleste Boursier-Mougenot
Commissioner: Institut français, with Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Curator: Emma Lavigne. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GEORGIA
Crawling Border
Rusudan Gobejishvili Khizanishvili, Irakli Bluishvili, Dimitri Chikvaidze, Joseph Sabia
Commissioner: Ana Riaboshenko. Curator: Nia Mgaloblishvili. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
GERMANY
Fabrik
Jasmina Metwaly / Philip Rizk, Olaf Nicolai, Hito Steyerl, Tobias Zielony
Commissioner: ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) on behalf of the Federal Foreign Office. Deputy Commissioner: Elke aus dem Moore, Nina Hülsmeier. Curator: Florian Ebner. Deputy Curator: Tanja Milewsky, Ilina Koralova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GREAT BRITAIN
Sarah Lucas
Commissioner: Emma Dexter. Curator: Richard Riley. Deputy Curator: Katrina Schwarz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GRENADA *
Present Nearness
Oliver Benoit, Maria McClafferty, Asher Mains, Francesco Bosso and Carmine Ciccarini, Guiseppe Linardi
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: Susan Mains. Curator: Susan Mains. Deputy Curator: Francesco Elisei. Venue: Opera don Orione Artigianelli, Sala Tiziano, Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Gesuati, Dorsoduro 919
GREECE
Why Look at Animals? AGRIMIKÁ.
Maria Papadimitriou
Commissioner: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Education and Religious Affairs. Curator: Gabi Scardi. Deputy Curator: Alexios Papazacharias. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
BRAZIL
So much that it doesn't fit here
Antonio Manuel, André Komatsu, Berna Reale
Commissioner: Luis Terepins. Curator: Luiz Camillo Osorio. Deputy Curator: Cauê Alves. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CANADA
Canadassimo
BGL
Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Marc Mayer. Deputy Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Yves Théoret. Curator: Marie Fraser. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CHILE
Poéticas de la disidencia | Poetics of dissent: Paz Errázuriz - Lotty Rosenfeld
Paz Errázuriz, Lotty Rosenfeld
Commissioner: Antonio Arèvalo. Deputy Commissioner: Juan Pablo Vergara Undurraga. Curator: Nelly Richard. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
CHINA, People’s Republic of
Other Future
LIU Jiakun, LU Yang, TAN Dun, WEN Hui/Living Dance Studio, WU Wenguang/Caochangdi Work Station
Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group, CAEG. Deputy Commissioners: Zhang Yu, Yan Dong. Curator: Beijing Contemporary Art Foundation. Scientific Committee: Fan Di’an, Zhang Zikang, Zhu Di, Gao Shiming, Zhu Qingsheng, Pu Tong, Shang Hui. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Giardino delle Vergini
GUATEMALA
Sweet Death
Emma Anticoli Borza, Sabrina Bertolelli, Mariadolores Castellanos, Max Leiva, Pier Domenico Magri, Adriana Montalto, Elmar Rojas (Elmar René Rojas Azurdia), Paolo Schmidlin, Mónica Serra, Elsie Wunderlich, Collettivo La Grande Bouffe
Commissioner: Daniele Radini Tedeschi. Curators: Stefania Pieralice, Carlo Marraffa, Elsie Wunderlich. Deputy Curators: Luciano Carini, Simone Pieralice. Venue: Officina delle Zattere, Dorsoduro 947, Fondamenta Nani
HOLY SEE
Commissioner: Em.mo Card. Gianfranco Ravasi, Presidente del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
HUNGARY
Sustainable Identities
Szilárd Cseke
Commissioner: Monika Balatoni. Deputy Commissioner: István Puskás, Sándor Fodor, Anna Karády. Curator: Kinga German. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ICELAND
Christoph Büchel
Commissioner: Björg Stefánsdóttir. Curator: Nína Magnúsdóttir. Venue: to be confirmed
INDONESIA, Republic of
Komodo Voyage
Heri Dono
Commissioner: Sapta Nirwandar. Deputy Commissioner: Soedarmadji JH Damais. Curator: Carla Bianpoen, Restu Imansari Kusumaningrum. Scientific Committee: Franco Laera, Asmudjo Jono Irianto, Watie Moerany, Elisabetta di Mambro. Venue: Venue: Arsenale
IRAN
Iranian Highlights
Samira Alikhanzaradeh, Mahmoud Bakhshi Moakhar, Jamshid Bayrami, Mohammed Ehsai
The Great Game
Lida Abdul, Bani Abidi, Adel Abidin, Amin Agheai, Ghodratollah Agheli, Shahriar Ahmadi, Parastou Ahovan, Farhad Ahrarnia, Rashad Alakbarov, Nazgol Ansarinia, Reza Aramesh, Alireza Astaneh, Sonia Balassanian, Mahmoud Bakhshi, Moakhar Wafaa Bilal, Mehdi Farhadian, Monir Farmanfarmaian, Shadi Ghadirian, Babak Golkar, Shilpa Gupta, Ghasem Hajizadeh, Shamsia Hassani, Sahand Hesamiyan, Sitara Ibrahimova, Pouran Jinchi, Amar Kanwar, Babak Kazemi, Ryas Komu, Ahmad Morshedloo, Farhad Moshiri, Mehrdad Mohebali, Huma Mulji, Azad Nanakeli, Jamal Penjweny, Imran Qureshi, Sara Rahbar, Rashid Rana, T.V. Santhosh, Walid Siti, Mohsen Taasha Wahidi, Mitra Tabrizian, Parviz Tanavoli, Newsha Tavakolian, Sadegh Tirafkan, Hema Upadhyay, Saira Wasim
Commissioner: Majid Mollanooruzi. Deputy Commissioners: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Curators: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Venue: Calle San Giovanni 1074/B, Cannaregio
IRAQ
Commissioner: Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture in Iraq (RUYA). Deputy Commissioner: Nuova Icona - Associazione Culturale per le Arti. Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren. Venue: Ca' Dandolo, San Polo 2879
IRELAND
Adventure: Capital
Sean Lynch
Commissioner: Mike Fitzpatrick. Curator: Woodrow Kernohan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
ISRAEL
Tsibi Geva | Archeology of the Present
Tsibi Geva
Commissioner: Arad Turgem, Michael Gov. Curator: Hadas Maor. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ITALY
Ministero dei Beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo - Direzione Generale Arte e Architettura Contemporanee e Periferie Urbane. Commissioner: Federica Galloni. Curator: Vincenzo Trione. Venue: Padiglione Italia, Tese delle Vergini at Arsenale
JAPAN
The Key in the Hand
Chiharu Shiota
Commissioner: The Japan Foundation. Deputy Commissioner: Yukihiro Ohira, Manako Kawata and Haruka Nakajima. Curator: Hitoshi Nakano. Venue : Pavilion at Giardini
KENYA
Creating Identities
Yvonne Apiyo Braendle-Amolo, Qin Feng, Shi Jinsong, Armando Tanzini, Li Zhanyang, Lan Zheng Hui, Li Gang, Double Fly Art Center
Commissioner: Paola Poponi. Curator: Sandro Orlandi Stagl. Deputy Curator: Ding Xuefeng. Venue: San Servolo Island
KOREA, Republic of
The Ways of Folding Space & Flying
MOON Kyungwon & JEON Joonho
Commissioner: Sook-Kyung Lee. Curator: Sook-Kyung Lee. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
KOSOVO, Republic of
Speculating on the blue
Flaka Haliti
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. Curator: Nicolaus Schafhausen. Deputy Curator: Katharina Schendl. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
LATVIA
Armpit
Katrina Neiburga, Andris Eglitis
Commissioner: Solvita Krese (Latvian Centre for Contemporary Art). Deputy Commissioner: Kitija Vasiljeva. Curator: Kaspars Vanags. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
LITHUANIA
Museum
Dainius Liškevicius
Commissioner: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Deputy Commissioner: Rasa Antanaviciute. Curator: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Venue: Palazzo Zenobio, Fondamenta del Soccorso 2569, Dorsoduro
LUXEMBOURG, Grand Duchy of
Paradiso Lussemburgo
Filip Markiewicz
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: MUDAM Luxembourg. Curator: Paul Ardenne. Venue: Cà Del Duca, Corte del Duca Sforza, San Marco 3052
MACEDONIA, Former Yugoslavian Republic of
We are all in this alone
Hristina Ivanoska and Yane Calovski
Commissioner: Maja Nedelkoska Brzanova, National Gallery of Macedonia. Deputy Commissioner: Olivija Stoilkova. Curator: Basak Senova. Deputy Curator: Maja Cankulovska Mihajlovska. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Sale d’Armi
MAURITIUS *
From One Citizen You Gather an Idea
Sultana Haukim, Nirmal Hurry, Alix Le Juge, Olga Jürgenson, Helge Leiberg, Krishna Luchoomun, Neermala Luckeenarain, Kavinash Thomoo, Bik Van Der Pol, Laure Prouvost, Vitaly Pushnitsky, Römer + Römer
Commissioner: pARTage. Curators: Alfredo Cramerotti, Olga Jürgenson. Venue: Palazzo Flangini - Canareggio 252
MEXICO
Possesing Nature
Tania Candiani, Luis Felipe Ortega
Commissioner: Tomaso Radaelli. Deputy Commissioner: Magdalena Zavala Bonachea. Curator: Karla Jasso. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
MONGOLIA *
Other Home
Enkhbold Togmidshiirev, Unen Enkh
Commissioner: Gantuya Badamgarav, MCASA. Curator: Uranchimeg Tsultemin. Scientific Committee: David A Ross, Boldbaatar Chultemin. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
MONTENEGRO
,,Ti ricordi Sjecaš li se You Remember "
Aleksandar Duravcevic
Commissioner/Curator: Anastazija Miranovic. Deputy Commissioner: Danica Bogojevic. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero (piano terra), San Marco 3078-3079/A, Ramo Malipiero
MOZAMBIQUE, Republic of *
Theme: Coexistence of Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Mozambique
Mozambique Artists
Commissioner: Joel Matias Libombo. Deputy Commissioner: Gilberto Paulino Cossa. Curator: Comissariado-Geral para a Expo Milano 2015. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
NETHERLANDS, The
herman de vries - to be all ways to be
herman de vries
Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund. Curators: Colin Huizing, Cees de Boer. Venue: Pavilion ar Giardini
NEW ZEALAND
Secret Power
Simon Denny
Commissioner: Heather Galbraith. Curator: Robert Leonard. Venue: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Marco Polo Airport
NORDIC PAVILION (NORWAY)
Camille Norment
Commissioner: OCA, Office for Contemporary Art Norway. Curator: Katya García-Antón. Deputy Curator: Antonio Cataldo. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PERU
Misplaced Ruins
Gilda Mantilla and Raimond Chaves
Commissioner: Armando Andrade de Lucio. Curator: Max Hernández-Calvo. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
PHILIPPINES
Tie a String Around the World
Manuel Conde, Carlos Francisco, Manny Montelibano, Jose Tence Ruiz
Commissioner: National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), Felipe M. de Leon Jr. Curator: Patrick D. Flores. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
POLAND
Halka/Haiti. 18°48’05”N 72°23’01”W
C.T. Jasper, Joanna Malinowska
Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska. Deputy Commissioner: Joanna Wasko. Curator: Magdalena Moskalewicz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PORTUGAL
I Will Be Your Mirror / poems and problems
João Louro
Commissioner/Curator: María de Corral. Venue: Palazzo Loredan, campo S. Stefano
ROMANIA
Adrian Ghenie: Darwin’s Room
Adrian Ghenie
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Mihai Pop. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
Inventing the Truth. On Fiction and Reality
Michele Bressan, Carmen Dobre-Hametner, Alex Mirutziu, Lea Rasovszky, Stefan Sava, Larisa Sitar
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Diana Marincu. Deputy Curators: Ephemair Association (Suzana Dan and Silvia Rogozea). Venue: New Gallery of the Romanian Institute for Culture and Humanistic Research in Venice
RUSSIA
The Green Pavilion
Irina Nakhova
Commissioner: Stella Kesaeva. Curator: Margarita Tupitsyn. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SERBIA
United Dead Nations
Ivan Grubanov
Commissioner: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Commissioner: Ana Bogdanovic. Curator: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Curator: Ana Bogdanovic. Scientific Committee: Jovan Despotovic. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SAN MARINO
Repubblica di San Marino “ Friendship Project “ China
Xu De Qi, Liu Dawei, Liu Ruo Wang, Ma Yuan, Li Lei, Zhang Hong Mei, Eleonora Mazza, Giuliano Giulianelli, Giancarlo Frisoni, Tony Margiotta, Elisa Monaldi, Valentina Pazzini
Commissioner: Istituti Culturali della Repubblica di San Marino. Curator: Vincenzo Sanfo. Venue: TBC
SEYCHELLES, Republic of *
A Clockwork Sunset
George Camille, Léon Wilma Loïs Radegonde
Commissioner: Seychelles Art Projects Foundation. Curators: Sarah J. McDonald, Victor Schaub Wong. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
SINGAPORE
Sea State
Charles Lim Yi Yong
Commissioner: Paul Tan, National Arts Council, Singapore. Curator: Shabbir Hussain Mustafa. Scientific Committee: Eugene Tan, Kathy Lai, Ahmad Bin Mashadi, June Yap, Emi Eu, Susie Lingham, Charles Merewether, Randy Chan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
SLOVENIA, Republic of
UTTER / The violent necessity for the embodied presence of hope
JAŠA
Commissioner: Simona Vidmar. Deputy Commissioner: Jure Kirbiš. Curators: Michele Drascek and Aurora Fonda. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
SPAIN
Los Sujetos (The Subjects)
Pepo Salazar, Cabello/Carceller, Francesc Ruiz, + Salvador Dalí
Commissioner: Ministerio Asuntos Exteriores. Gobierno de España. Curator: Marti Manen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Origini della civiltà
Narine Ali, Ehsan Alar, Felipe Cardeña, Fouad Dahdouh, Aldo Damioli, Svitlana Grebenyuk, Mauro Reggio, Liu Shuishi, Nass ouh Zaghlouleh, Andrea Zucchi, Helidon Xhixha
Commissioner: Christian Maretti. Curator: Duccio Trombadori. Venue: Redentore – Giudecca, San Servolo Island
SWEDEN
Excavation of the Image: Imprint, Shadow, Spectre, Thought
Lina Selander
Commissioner: Ann-Sofi Noring. Curator: Lena Essling. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
SWITZERLAND
Our Product
Pamela Rosenkranz
Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki. Deputy-Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Rachele Giudici Legittimo. Curator: Susanne Pfeffer. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
THAILAND
Earth, Air, Fire & Water
Kamol Tassananchalee
Commissioner: Chai Nakhonchai, Office of Contemporary Art and Culture (OCAC), Ministry of Culture. Curator: Richard David Garst. Deputy Curator: Pongdej Chaiyakut. Venue: Paradiso Gallerie, Giardini della Biennale, Castello 1260
TURKEY
Respiro
Sarkis
Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts. Curator: Defne Ayas. Deputy Curator: Ozge Ersoy. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
TUVALU
Crossing the Tide
Vincent J.F. Huang
Commissioner: Taukelina Finikaso. Deputy Commissioner: Temate Melitiana. Curator: Thomas J. Berghuis. Scientific Committee: Andrea Bonifacio. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
UKRAINE
Hope!
Yevgenia Belorusets, Nikita Kadan, Zhanna Kadyrova, Mykola Ridnyi & SerhiyZhadan, Anna Zvyagintseva, Open Group, Artem Volokitin
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Björn Geldhof. Venue: Riva dei Sette Martiri
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
1980 – Today: Exhibitions in the United Arab Emirates
Abdullah Al Saadi, Abdul Qader Al Rais, Abdulraheem Salim, Abdulrahman Zainal, Ahmed Al Ansari, Ahmed Sharif, Hassan Sharif, Mohamed Yousif, Mohammed Abdullah Bulhiah, Mohammed Al Qassab, Mohammed Kazem, Moosa Al Halyan, Najat Meky, Obaid Suroor, Salem Jawhar
Commissioner: Salama bint Hamdan Al Nahyan Foundation. Curator: Hoor Al Qasimi. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d'Armi
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Joan Jonas: They Come to Us Without a Word
Joan Jonas
Commissioner: Paul C. Ha. Deputy Commissioner: MIT List Visual Arts Center. Curators: Ute Meta Bauer, Paul C. Ha. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
URUGUAY
Global Myopia II (Pencil & Paper)
Marco Maggi
Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale. Curator: Patricia Bentancour. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
VENEZUELA, Bolivarian Republic of
Te doy mi palabra (I give you my word)
Argelia Bravo, Félix Molina (Flix)
Commissioner: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Commissioner: Reinaldo Landaeta Díaz. Curator: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Curator: Morella Jurado. Scientific Committee: Carlos Pou Ruan. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ZIMBABWE, Republic of
Pixels of Ubuntu/Unhu: - Exploring the social and cultural identities of the 21st century.
Chikonzero Chazunguza, Masimba Hwati, Gareth Nyandoro
Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda. Curator: Raphael Chikukwa. Deputy Curator: Tafadzwa Gwetai. Scientific Committee: Saki Mafundikwa, Biggie Samwanda, Fabian Kangai, Reverend Paul Damasane, Nontsikelelo Mutiti, Stephen Garan'anga, Dominic Benhura. Venue: Santa Maria della Pieta
ITALO-LATIN AMERICAN INSTITUTE
Voces Indígenas
Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal. Curator: Alfons Hug. Deputy Curator: Alberto Saraiva. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ARGENTINA
Sofia Medici and Laura Kalauz
PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA
Sonia Falcone and José Laura Yapita
BRAZIL
Adriana Barreto
Paulo Nazareth
CHILE
Rainer Krause
COLOMBIA
León David Cobo,
María Cristina Rincón and Claudia Rodríguez
COSTA RICA
Priscilla Monge
ECUADOR
Fabiano Kueva
EL SALVADOR
Mauricio Kabistan
GUATEMALA
Sandra Monterroso
HAITI
Barbara Prézeau Stephenson
HONDURAS
Leonardo González
PANAMA
Humberto Vélez
NICARAGUA
Raúl Quintanilla
PARAGUAY
Erika Meza
Javier López
PERU
José Huamán Turpo
URUGUAY
Gustavo Tabares
Ellen Slegers
001 Inverso Mundus. AES+F
Magazzino del Sale n. 5, Dorsoduro, 265 (Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Saloni); Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 31st
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
Catalonia in Venice: Singularity
Cantieri Navali, Castello, 40 (Calle Quintavalle)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Institut Ramon Llull
venezia2015.llull.cat
Conversion. Recycle Group
Chiesa di Sant’Antonin, Castello (Campo Sant’Antonin)
May 6th - October 31st
Organization: Moscow Museum of Modern Art
Dansaekhwa
Palazzo Contarini-Polignac, Dorsoduro, 874 (Accademia)
May 7th – August 15th
Organization: The Boghossian Foundation
Dispossession
Palazzo Donà Brusa, Campo San Polo, 2177
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: European Capital of Culture Wroclaw 2016
wroclaw2016.pl/biennale/
EM15 presents Doug Fishbone’s Leisure Land Golf
Arsenale Docks, Castello, 40A, 40B, 41C
May 6th - July 26th
Organization: EM15
Eredità e Sperimentazione
Grand Hotel Hungaria & Ausonia, Viale Santa Maria Elisabetta, 28, Lido di Venezia
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Istituto Nazionale di BioArchitettura - Sezione di Padova
Frontiers Reimagined
Palazzo Grimani, Castello, 4858 (Ramo Grimani)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Tagore Foundation International; Polo museale del Veneto
Glasstress 2015 Gotika
Istituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere ed Arti, Palazzo Cavalli Franchetti, San Marco, 2847 (Campo Santo Stefano); Chiesa di Santa Maria della Visitazione, Centro Culturale Don Orione Artigianelli, Dorsoduro, 919 (Zattere); Fondazione Berengo, Campiello della Pescheria, 15, Murano;
May 9th — November 22nd
Organization: The State Hermitage Museum
Graham Fagen: Scotland + Venice 2015
Palazzo Fontana, Cannaregio, 3829 (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Scotland + Venice
Grisha Bruskin. An Archaeologist’s Collection
Former Chiesa di Santa Caterina, Cannaregio, 4941-4942
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Centro Studi sulle Arti della Russia (CSAR), Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
Helen Sear, ... The Rest Is Smoke
Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Castello, 450 (Fondamenta San Gioacchin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Cymru yn Fenis/Wales in Venice
Highway to Hell
Palazzo Michiel, Cannaregio, 4391/A (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Hubei Museum of Art
Humanistic Nature and Society (Shan-Shui) – An Insight into the Future
Palazzo Faccanon, San Marco, 5016 (Mercerie)
May 7th – August 4th
Organization: Shanghai Himalayas Museum
In the Eye of the Thunderstorm: Effervescent Practices from the Arab World & South Asia
Dorsoduro, 417 (Zattere)
May 6th - November 15th
Organization: ArsCulture
Italia Docet | Laboratorium- Artists, Participants, Testimonials and Activated Spectators
Palazzo Barbarigo Minotto, San Marco, 2504 (Fondamenta Duodo o Barbarigo)
May 9th – June 30th; September 11st – October 31st
Organization: Italian Art Motherboard Foundation (i-AM Foundation)
www.venicebiennale-italiadocet.org
Jaume Plensa: Together
Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore, Isola di San Giorgio Maggiore
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Abbazia di San Giorgio Maggiore Benedicti Claustra Onlus
Jenny Holzer "War Paintings"
Museo Correr, San Marco, 52 (Piazza San Marco)
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: The Written Art Foundation; Museo Correr, Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia
correr.visitmuve.it
Jump into the Unknown
Palazzo Loredan dell’Ambasciatore, Dorsoduro, 1261-1262
May 9th – June 18th
Organization: Nine Dragon Heads
9dh-venice.com
Learn from Masters
Palazzo Bembo, San Marco, 4793 (Riva del Carbon)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Pan Tianshou Foundation
pantianshou.caa.edu.cn/foundation_en
My East is Your West
Palazzo Benzon, San Marco, 3927
May 6th – October 31st
Organization: The Gujral Foundation
Ornamentalism. The Purvitis Prize
Arsenale Nord, Tesa 99
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Secretariat of the Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2015
www.purvisabalva.lv/en/ornamentalism
Path and Adventure
Arsenale, Castello, 2126/A (Campo della Tana)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau; The Macao Museum of Art; The Cultural Affairs Bureau
Patricia Cronin: Shrine for Girls, Venice
Chiesa di San Gallo, San Marco, 1103 (Campo San Gallo)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Brooklyn Rail Curatorial Projects
curatorialprojects.brooklynrail.org
Roberto Sebastian Matta. Sculture
Giardino di Palazzo Soranzo Cappello, Soprintendenza BAP per le Province di Venezia, Belluno, Padova e Treviso, Santa Croce, 770 (Fondamenta Rio Marin)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Echaurren Salaris
www.fondazioneechaurrensalaris.it
www.maggioregam.com/56Biennale_Matta
Salon Suisse: S.O.S. Dada - The World Is A Mess
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
May 9th; June 4th - 6th; September 10th - 12th; October 15th - 17th; November 19th – 21st
Organization: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia
Sean Scully: Land Sea
Palazzo Falier, San Marco, 2906
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Volume!
Sepphoris. Alessandro Valeri
Molino Stucky, interior atrium, Giudecca, 812
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Assessorato alla Cultura del Comune di Narni(TR); a Sidereal Space of Art; Satellite Berlin
Tesla Revisited
Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 18th
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
The Bridges of Graffiti
Arterminal c/o Terminal San Basilio, Dorsoduro (Fondamenta Zattere al Ponte Lungo)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Associazione Culturale Inossidabile
The Dialogue of Fire. Ceramic and Glass Masters from Barcelona to Venice
Palazzo Tiepolo Passi, San Polo, 2774
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization: Fundaciò Artigas; ArsCulture
The Question of Beings
Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello, 3701
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei (MoCA, Taipei)
The Revenge of the Common Place
Università Ca' Foscari, Ca' Bernardo, Dorsoduro, 3199 (Calle Bernardo)
May 9th – September 30th
Organization: Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels-VUB)
The Silver Lining. Contemporary Art from Liechtenstein and other Microstates
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
October 24th – November 1st
Organization: Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein
The Sound of Creation. Paintings + Music by Beezy Bailey and Brian Eno
Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello, Palazzo Pisani, San Marco, 2810 (Campo Santo Stefano)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: ArsCulture
The Union of Fire and Water
Palazzo Barbaro, San Marco, 2840
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: YARAT Contemporary Art Organisation
Thirty Light Years - Theatre of Chinese Art
Palazzo Rossini, San Marco, 4013 (Campo Manin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: GAC Global Art Center Foundation; The Guangdong Museum of Art
Tsang Kin-Wah: The Infinite Nothing, Hong Kong in Venice
Arsenale, Castello, 2126 (Campo della Tana)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: M+, West Kowloon Cultural District; Hong Kong Arts Development Council
Under the Surface, Newfoundland and Labrador at Venice
Galleria Ca' Rezzonico, Dorsoduro, 2793
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Terra Nova Art Foundation
tnaf.ca
Ursula von Rydingsvard
Giardino della Marinaressa, Castello (Riva dei Sette Martiri)
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization:Yorkshire Sculpture Park
We Must Risk Delight: Twenty Artists from Los Angeles
Magazzino del Sale n. 3, Dorsoduro, 264 (Zattere)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: bardoLA
Wu Tien-Chang: Never Say Goodbye
Palazzo delle Prigioni, Castello, 4209 (San Marco)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Taipei Fine Arts Museum of Taiwan
[Una versión más legible se encontrará en la entrada correspondiente del blog, cuyo enlace se señala a continuación]
enriqueviolanevado.blogspot.com/2020/05/vocabulario-de-ge...
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El Listado de Términos publicado por la Ponencia de Geografía de España en noviembre de 2018 especifica que conceptos serán los escogidos para las pruebas de Selectividad. En el apartado de Relieve encontramos los vocablos que se definen a continuación.
Se añaden los conceptos por referencias que han aparecido en las pruebas de selectividad desde el curso 2016-2017, año académico en el que se implantó el modelo de examen que los agregaba. Este repertorio incluye los elegidos para el curso 2019-2o20.
VOCABULARIO DE GEOGRAFÍA DE ESPAÑA
- Relieve (Unidad 2) –
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1. Altitud: Es la distancia vertical de un punto de la Tierra respecto al nivel del mar. La altitud media de España se sitúa en los 660 metros, elevación muy superior a la media europea (340 metros).
2. Archipiélago: Conjunto, generalmente numeroso, de islas agrupadas en una superficie más o menos extensa del mar. En España los más conocidos son el balear y el canario.
3. Bahía: Es una penetración del mar en la costa, de extensión considerable y de entrada ancha, generalmente menor que el golfo. En España destacan las del litoral atlántico andaluz, en especial la de Cádiz.
4. Cordillera: Sistema montañoso caracterizado por su altura, extensión, continuidad y edad. Aunque en todas las orogenias se han levantado cordilleras, la erosión las ha destruido y las que actualmente existen se formaron todas en la orogenia alpina. En España sólo los Pirineos y las Béticas pueden considerarse como verdaderas cordilleras.
5. Cuenca sedimentaria: Es una depresión de la corteza terrestre que posteriormente se ha rellenado con sedimentos. Las existentes en nuestro territorio se originaron en la Era Terciaria y puede ser de dos tipos: el hundimiento de un bloque de zócalo (Fosa Tectónica), como la cuenca del Duero o a partir de una depresión preexistente como la del Guadalquivir.
6. Delta fluvial: Área de acumulación de sedimentos fluviales que se forma en la desembocadura de algunos ríos cuando las mareas son débiles y no pueden redistribuir la acumulación de aluviones aportados por la corriente fluvial. Este accidente costero generalmente adopta una forma triangular por la que se despliegan los brazos del río en una disposición que recuerda las varillas de un abanico.
7. Falla geológica: Rotura de la corteza terrestre que presenta un desplazamiento de los bloques fracturados, debida a la acción de las fuerzas tectónicas sobre un roquedo rígido. Si el desplazamiento es vertical y da lugar a un bloque levantado y a otro hundido, forma una falla normal; si es horizontal, forma una falla de desgarre o de desenganche.
8. Glaciarismo: Conjunto de fenómenos relacionados con la actividad del hielo acumulado sobre la superficie terrestre. Generalmente se aplica a la huella dejada en el relieve por los períodos glaciales del cuaternario.
9. Isohipsas: Líneas imaginarias que unen puntos distintos situado a la misma altura. Se emplean en los mapas topográficos en los que representan el relieve (curvas de nivel) y en los mapas meteorológicos de altura donde grafican las superficies con igual presión.
10. Litoral: Línea de costa que se encuentra junto a una masa de agua y, por extensión, el área colindante al lago, mar u océano. Algunos biólogos la extienden hasta los 200 metros de profundidad.
11. Marisma: Es una llanura de fango típica de las desembocaduras de los ríos y de las costas bajas. Como se encuentran abiertas al mar, se inundan por las mareas. Se colmatan por sedimentos marinos y fluviales que, de forma muy lenta, se van trasformando en tierra firme. Las más conocidas son las marismas del Guadalquivir.
12. Meseta: Es la unidad fundamental del relieve peninsular. Es una elevada llanura, resto del antiguo Macizo Hespérico. Surgió en la orogénesis herciniana, fue arrasado por la erosión y que se ha convertido en zócalo. La Meseta fue deformada en gran parte durante la orogénesis alpina, que hizo surgir las cordilleras interiores, las cuencas sedimentarias interiores y los rebordes montañosos.
13. Morfología cárstica: Tipo de relieve en que una roca dura y rígida, normalmente caliza, se disuelve con agua ácida, o sea enriquecida con anhídrido carbónico (CO2.). Sus formas características tienen denominaciones sacadas del serbo-croata: lapiaces, gargantas, poljes, dolinas, cuevas y simas. En la Península este modelado se documenta en la parte oriental, en un área con forma de z invertida que se extiende desde el Pirineo hasta las Subbéticas.
14. Penillanura: Superficie de gran extensión casi plana o suavemente ondulada, donde ocasionalmente se encuentran algunos relieves residuales. Los materiales que la componen son antiguos y desgastados. Constituye la penúltima fase (la de arrasamiento) de un prolongado proceso de erosión de un macizo antiguo. La última fase es la llanura de erosión que es completamente plana y horizontal. La erosión del Macizo Hespérico causó penillanuras como la extremeña o la zamorana.
15. Península: Porción de tierra cercada por el agua y que sólo por el istmo, una parte relativamente estrecha, está unida con otra tierra de extensión mayor. La Península Ibérica junto con Anatolia y el Labrador constituyen ejemplos de este tipo de promontorios que presentan forma poligonal y un istmo relativamente ancho.
16. Rambla: Lecho de un curso de agua, generalmente seco, situado en un área árida. De forma muy esporádica conduce un torrente de corta duración, después de una jornada de lluvia torrencial.
17. Relieve alpino: Es un relieve con fuertes pendientes y poco desgastado por la erosión debido a su juventud, por lo que sus cordilleras (Pirineos, Béticas...) alcanzan las mayores alturas. Está formado en sus márgenes por rocas calizas y en su zona axial por rocas cristalinas formadas durante el Paleozoico. Se formó en la Orogénesis Alpina a lo largo de la Era Terciaria.
18. Relieve herciniano: Es un relieve con formas redondeadas o completamente arrasadas en cualquier caso muy desgastados por la erosión, que tiene en la penillanura su mejor muestra. Está formado por rocas duras (cristalinas) que responden a posteriores empujes (de la orogénesis alpina) fracturándose en fallas. Se formó a lo largo de la Orogénesis Herciniana, durante la Era Primaria. En España caracteriza a la Iberia Silícea.
19. Ría: Es un valle fluvial hundido por el mar al elevarse su nivel al final de una glaciación. Las más conocidas son las rías gallegas, pero hay otros ejemplos como la ría de Huelva o la de Bilbao. Es un término geográfico español adoptado universalmente.
20. Valle glaciar: Valle por el que circula o ha circulado un glaciar de dimensiones importantes que ha dejado una geomorfología clara de acumulación y transporte de nieve. Los valles glaciares se caracterizan por presentar un perfil transversal en "U" o forma de artesa. La forma correcta es «valle glaciar», porque «glacial» es helado y «glaciar» se aplica a las masas de hielo que se forman en las laderas de las montañas y se deslizan lentamente.
21. Zócalo: Unidad morfoestructural del relieve continental formada por mesetas o llanuras. Son el resultado del arrasamiento por la erosión de cordilleras y son muy rígidos, fracturándose ante los nuevos empujes orogénicos. La mitad occidental peninsular puede ser considerada como un zócalo.
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CONCEPTOS POR REFERENCIAS
1. ¿Cómo se conoce al conjunto de islas que se encuentran próximas entre sí? ARCHIPIÉLAGO.
2. El conjunto de islas próximas entre sí, y generalmente con un origen geológico común, se denomina ARCHIPIÉLAGO.
3. El sistema montañoso de dirección predominantemente lineal con altitudes y extensión notables, asociado geológicamente a procesos de plegamiento, se denomina CORDILLERA.
4. La zona hundida del relieve donde se depositan y acumulan los sedimentos se llama…CUENCA SEDIMENTARIA.
5. ¿Cómo se denomina a la zona deprimida de la corteza terrestre, generalmente de origen tectónico, donde se produce la acumulación de sedimentos y en la que hay diferentes formas de relieve? CUENCA SEDIMENTARIA.
6. ¿Qué nombre recibe la desembocadura de un río con acumulación de aluviones en forma de abanico o triángulo? DELTA FLUVIAL.
7. Al terreno aluvial bajo y casi plano de la desembocadura de algunos ríos que se produce por la acumulación de sedimentos depositados por el río y que las mareas no consiguen retirar se denomina…DELTA FLUVIAL.
8. Las líneas que unen puntos de igual altitud sobre el nivel del mar en un mapa topográfico, se denominan ISOHIPSAS.
9. La superficie llana o ligeramente inclinada, cortada por valles y situada a una cierta altitud con respecto al nivel del mar, se denomina MESETA.
10. ¿Cómo se llama el movimiento orogénico ocurrido en la Era Primaria que originó una buena parte de las primeras formaciones de relieve de la Península Ibérica? OROGENIA HERCINIANA.
11. ¿Cuál es el nombre del movimiento orogénico de la Era Terciaria que dio origen a las formaciones recientes del relieve de la Península Ibérica y de algunas islas españolas? OROGENIA ALPINA.
12.¿Cómo se conoce el lecho de un curso de agua, generalmente seco, en un área árida, que ocasionalmente conduce un torrente de corta duración, después de una lluvia intensa? RAMBLA.
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La xilografía que hemos escogido como encabezamiento se titula Burgos - Paso de un tren con tropas hacia Miranda, por el viaducto de las Peñas de Pancorbo. Se realizó a partir de un dibujo del natural de Isidro Gil y Gavilondo, convertido en grabado por Antonio Manchón. Procede de La Ilustración Española y Americana publicada el ocho de mayo de 1875 ( número XVII, Año XIX).
An offhand comment on Max's upload created a tag game. Being who I am, I went a little overboard and created a storyline. The first prince is the former middle child & older brother of the second and destined to rule their kingdom. There were originally 3 brothers but one died in war and now he is going through the paces of learning all he needs to be a proper king, though is still a bit flippant about it all. His younger brother is still the baby of kingdom who was kept by his mother's side and as such is a little more delicate than his older brothers. With one brother gone he's coming to grips with the fact that he might have to take the reins. He's not uncapable or too spoiled or anything, in several ways he'd be a more compassionate king than his brother, but he has a LOT of growing up to do.
The prince in green is the baby prince's love interest and were I able to make some sort of semblance of a plot/movie it would focus on their romance and the shifting dynamics between the brothers as they grieve their sibling & start to move forward in their new lives.
anyway - tag, you're it!
www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
more here about the Biennale :
Ralph Rugoff has declared: «May You Live in Interesting Times will no doubt include artworks that reflect upon precarious aspects of existence today, including different threats to key traditions, institutions and relationships of the “post-war order.” But let us acknowledge at the outset that art does not exercise its forces in the domain of politics. Art cannot stem the rise of nationalist movements and authoritarian governments in different parts of the world, for instance, nor can it alleviate the tragic fate of displaced peoples across the globe (whose numbers now represent almost one percent of the world’s entire population).»
ALBANIA
Maybe the cosmos is not so extraordinary
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture Republic of Albania. Curator: Alicia Knock.
Exhibitor: Driant Zeneli.
ALGERIA***
Time to shine bright
Commissioner/Curator: Hellal Mahmoud Zoubir, National Council of Arts and Letters Ministry of Culture. Exhibitors: Rachida Azdaou, Hamza Bounoua, Amina Zoubir, Mourad Krinah, Oussama Tabti.
Venue: Fondamenta S. Giuseppe, 925
ANDORRA
The Future is Now / El futur és ara
Commissioner: Eva Martínez, “Zoe”. Curators: Ivan Sansa, Paolo De Grandis.
Exhibitor: Philippe Shangti.
Venue: Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello 3701
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA
Find Yourself: Carnival and Resistance
Commissioner: Daryll Matthew, Minister of Sports, Culture, National Festivals and the Arts. Curator: Barbara Paca with Nina Khrushcheva. Exhibitors: Timothy Payne, Sir Gerald Price, Joseph Seton, and Frank Walter; Intangible Cultural, Heritage Artisans and Mas Troup.
Venue: Centro Culturale Don Orione Artigianelli, Dorsoduro 919
ARGENTINA
El nombre de un país / The name of a country
Commissioner: Sergio Alberto Baur Ambasciatore. Curator: Florencia Battiti. Exhibitor: Mariana Telleria.
Venue: Arsenale
ARMENIA (Republic of)
Revolutionary Sensorium
Commissioner: Nazenie Garibian, Deputy Minister. Curator: Susanna Gyulamiryan.
Exhibitors: "ArtlabYerevan" Artistic Group (Gagik Charchyan, Hovhannes Margaryan, Arthur Petrosyan, Vardan Jaloyan) and Narine Arakelian.
Venue: Palazzo Zenobio – Collegio Armeno Moorat-Raphael, Dorsoduro 2596
AUSTRALIA
ASSEMBLY
Commissioner: Australia Council for the Arts. Curator: Juliana Engberg. Exhibitor: Angelica Mesiti.
Venue: Giardini
AUSTRIA
Discordo Ergo Sum
Commissioner: Arts and Culture Division of the Federal Chancellery of Austria.
Curator: Felicitas Thun-Hohenstein. Exhibitor: Renate Bertlmann.
Venue: Giardini
AZERBAIJAN (Republic of )
Virtual Reality
Commissioner: Mammad Ahmadzada, Ambassador of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Curators: Gianni Mercurio, Emin Mammadov. Exhibitors: Zeigam Azizov, Orkhan Mammadov, Zarnishan Yusifova, Kanan Aliyev, Ulviyya Aliyeva.
Venue: Palazzo Lezze, Campo S. Stefano, San Marco 2949
BANGLADESH (People’s Republic of)
Thirst
Commissioner: Liaquat Ali Lucky. Curators: Mokhlesur Rahman, Viviana Vannucci.
Exhibitors: Bishwajit Goswami, Dilara Begum Jolly, Heidi Fosli, Nafis Ahmed Gazi, Franco Marrocco, Domenico Pellegrino, Preema Nazia Andaleeb, Ra Kajol, Uttam Kumar karmaker.
Venue: Palazzo Zenobio – Collegio Armeno Moorat-Raphael, Dorsoduro 2596
BELARUS (Republic of)
Exit / Uscita
Commissioner: Siarhey Kryshtapovich. Curator: Olga Rybchinskaya. Exhibitor: Konstantin Selikhanov.
Venue: Spazio Liquido, Sestiere Castello 103, Salizada Streta
BELGIUM
Mondo Cane
Commissioner: Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles. Curator: Anne-Claire Schmitz.
Exhibitor: Jos de Gruyter & Harald Thys.
Venue: Giardini
BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA
ZENICA-TRILOGY
Commissioner: Senka Ibrišimbegović, Ars Aevi Museum for Contemporary Art Sarajevo.
Curators: Anja Bogojević, Amila Puzić, Claudia Zini. Exhibitor: Danica Dakić.
Venue: Palazzo Francesco Molon Ca’ Bernardo, San Polo 2184/A
BRAZIL
Swinguerra
Commissioner: José Olympio da Veiga Pereira, Fundação Bienal de São Paulo.
Curator: Gabriel Pérez-Barreiro. Exhibitor: Bárbara Wagner & Benjamin de Burca.
Venue: Giardini
BULGARIA
How We Live
Commissioner: Iaroslava Boubnova, National Gallery in Sofia. Curator: Vera Mlechevska.
Exhibitors: Rada Boukova , Lazar Lyutakov.
Venue: Palazzo Giustinian Lolin, San Marco 2893
CANADA
ISUMA
Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada. Curators: Asinnajaq, Catherine Crowston, Josée Drouin-Brisebois, Barbara Fischer, Candice Hopkins. Exhibitors: Isuma (Zacharias Kunuk, Norman Cohn, Paul Apak, Pauloosie Qulitalik).
Venue: Giardini
CHILE
Altered Views
Commissioner: Varinia Brodsky, Ministry of Cultures, Arts and Heritage.
Curator: Agustín Pérez. Rubio. Exhibitor: Voluspa Jarpa.
Venue: Arsenale
CHINA (People’s Republic of)
Re-睿
Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group Ltd. (CAEG).
Curator: Wu Hongliang. Exhibitors: Chen Qi, Fei Jun, He Xiangyu, Geng Xue.
Venue: Arsenale
CROATIA
Traces of Disappearing (In Three Acts)
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Croatia. Curator: Katerina Gregos.
Exhibitor: Igor Grubić.
Venue: Calle Corner, Santa Croce 2258
CUBA
Entorno aleccionador (A Cautionary Environment)
Commissioner: Norma Rodríguez Derivet, Consejo Nacional de Artes Plásticas.
Curator: Margarita Sanchez Prieto. Exhibitors: Alejandro Campins, Alex Hérnandez, Ariamna Contino and Eugenio Tibaldi. Venue: Isola di San Servolo
CYPRUS (Republic of)
Christoforos Savva: Untimely, Again
Commissioner: Louli Michaelidou. Curator: Jacopo Crivelli Visconti. Exhibitor: Christoforos Savva.
Venue: Associazione Culturale Spiazzi, Castello 3865
CZECH (Republic) and SLOVAK (Republic)
Stanislav Kolíbal. Former Uncertain Indicated
Commissioner: Adam Budak, National Gallery Prague. Curator: Dieter Bogner.
Exhibitor: Stanislav Kolibal.
Venue: Giardini
DOMINICAN (Republic) *
Naturaleza y biodiversidad en la República Dominicana
Commissioner: Eduardo Selman, Minister of Culture. Curators: Marianne de Tolentino, Simone Pieralice, Giovanni Verza. Exhibitors: Dario Oleaga, Ezequiel Taveras, Hulda Guzmán, Julio Valdez, Miguel Ramirez, Rita Bertrecchi, Nicola Pica, Marraffa & Casciotti.
Venue: Palazzo Albrizzi Capello, Cannaregio 4118 – Sala della Pace
EGYPT
khnum across times witness
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Ahmed Chiha.
Exhibitors: Islam Abdullah, Ahmed Chiha, Ahmed Abdel Karim.
Venue: Giardini
ESTONIA
Birth V
Commissioner: Maria Arusoo, Centre of Contemporary Arts of Estonia. Curators: Andrew Berardini, Irene Campolmi, Sarah Lucas, Tamara Luuk. Exhibitor: Kris Lemsalu.
Venue: c/o Legno & Legno, Giudecca 211
FINLAND (Alvar Aalto Pavilion)
A Greater Miracle of Perception
Commissioner: Raija Koli, Director Frame Contemporary Art Finland.
Curators: Giovanna Esposito Yussif, Bonaventure Soh Bejeng Ndikung, Christopher Wessels. Exhibitors: Miracle Workers Collective (Maryan Abdulkarim, Khadar Ahmed, Hassan Blasim, Giovanna Esposito Yussif, Sonya Lindfors, Bonaventure Soh Bejeng Ndikung, Outi Pieski, Leena Pukki, Lorenzo Sandoval, Martta Tuomaala, Christopher L. Thomas, Christopher Wessels, Suvi West).
Venue: Giardini
FRANCE
Deep see blue surrounding you / Vois ce bleu profond te fondre
Commissioner: Institut français with the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Culture. Curator: Martha Kirszenbaum. Exhibitor: Laure Prouvost.
Venue: Giardini
GEORGIA
REARMIRRORVIEW, Simulation is Simulation, is Simulation, is Simulation
Commissioner: Ana Riaboshenko. Curator: Margot Norton. Exhibitor: Anna K.E.
Venue: Arsenale
GERMANY
Commissioner: ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) on behalf of the Federal Foreign Office, Germany. Curator: Franciska Zólyom. Exhibitor: Natascha Süder Happelmann.
Venue: Giardini
GHANA ***
Ghana Freedom
Commissioner: Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture. Curator: Nana Oforiatta Ayim.
Exhibitors: Felicia Abban, John Akomfrah, El Anatsui, Lynette Yiadom Boakye, Ibrahim Mahama, Selasi Awusi Sosu.
Venue: Arsenale
GREAT BRITAIN
Cathy Wilkes
Commissioner: Emma Dexter. Curator: Zoe Whitley. Exhibitor: Cathy Wilkes.
Venue: Giardini
GREECE
Mr Stigl
Commissioner: Syrago Tsiara (Deputy Director of the Contemporary Art Museum - Metropolitan Organization of Museums of Visual Arts of Thessaloniki - MOMus).
Curator: Katerina Tselou. Exhibitors: Panos Charalambous, Eva Stefani, Zafos Xagoraris.
Venue: Giardini
GRENADA
Epic Memory
Commissioner: Susan Mains. Curator: Daniele Radini Tedeschi.
Exhibitors: Amy Cannestra, Billy Gerard Frank, Dave Lewis, Shervone Neckles, Franco Rota Candiani, Roberto Miniati, CRS avant-garde.
Venue: Palazzo Albrizzi-Capello (first floor), Cannaregio 4118
GUATEMALA
Interesting State
Commissioner: Elder de Jesús Súchite Vargas, Minister of Culture and Sports of Guatemala. Curator: Stefania Pieralice. Exhibitors: Elsie Wunderlich, Marco Manzo.
Venue: Palazzo Albrizzi-Capello (first floor), Cannaregio 4118
HAITI
THE SPECTACLE OF TRAGEDY
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture and Communication.
Curator: Giscard Bouchotte. Exhibitor: Jean Ulrick Désert.
Venue: Circolo Ufficiali Marina, Calle Seconda de la Fava, Castello 2168
HUNGARY
Imaginary Cameras
Commissioner: Julia Fabényi, Museo Ludwig – Museo d’arte contemporanea, Budapest.
Curator: Zsuzsanna Szegedy-Maszák. Exhibitor: Tamás Waliczky.
Venue: Giardini
ICELAND
Chromo Sapiens – Hrafnhildur Arnardóttir / Shoplifter
Commissioner: Eiríkur Þorláksson, Icelandic Ministry of Education, Science and Culture.
Curator: Birta Gudjónsdóttir. Exhibitor: Hrafnhildur Arnardóttir / Shoplifter.
Venue: Spazio Punch, Giudecca 800
INDIA
Our time for a future caring
Commissioner: Adwaita Gadanayak National Gallery of Modern Art.
Curator: Roobina Karode, Director & Chief Curator, Kiran Nadar Museum of Art. Exhibitors: Atul Dodiya, Ashim Purkayastha, GR Iranna, Jitish Kallat, Nandalal Bose, Rummana Hussain, Shakuntala Kulkarni.
Venue: Arsenale
INDONESIA
Lost Verses
Commissioner: Ricky Pesik & Diana Nazir, Indonesian Agency for Creative Economy.
Curator: Asmudjo Jono Irianto. Exhibitors: Handiwirman Saputra and Syagini Ratna Wulan.
Venue: Arsenale
IRAN (Islamic Republic of)
of being and singing
Commissioner: Hadi Mozafari, General Manager of Visual Arts Administration of Islamic Republic of Iran. Curator: Ali Bakhtiari.
Exhibitors: Reza Lavassani, Samira Alikhanzadeh, Ali Meer Azimi.
Venue: Fondaco Marcello, San Marco 3415
IRAQ
Fatherland
Commissioner: Fondazione Ruya. Curators: Tamara Chalabi, Paolo Colombo.
Exhibitor: Serwan Baran.
Venue: Ca’ del Duca, Corte del Duca Sforza, San Marco 3052
IRELAND
The Shrinking Universe
Commissioner: Culture Ireland. Curator: Mary Cremin. Exhibitor: Eva Rothschild.
Venue: Arsenale
ISRAEL
Field Hospital X
Commissioner: Michael Gov, Arad Turgeman. Curator: Avi Lubin. Exhibitor: Aya Ben Ron.
Venue: Giardini
ITALY
Commissioner: Federica Galloni, Direttore Generale Arte e Architettura Contemporanee e Periferie Urbane, Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali. Curator: Milovan Farronato.
Exhibitors: Enrico David, Liliana Moro, Chiara Fumai.
Venue: Padiglione Italia, Tese delle Vergini, Arsenale
IVORY COAST
The Open Shadows of Memory
Commissioner: Henri Nkoumo. Curator: Massimo Scaringella. Exhibitors: Ernest Dükü, Ananias Leki Dago, Valérie Oka, Tong Yanrunan.
Venue: Castello Gallery, Castello 1636/A
JAPAN
Cosmo-Eggs
Commissioner: The Japan Foundation. Curator: Hiroyuki Hattori. Exhibitors: Motoyuki Shitamichi, Taro Yasuno, Toshiaki Ishikura, Fuminori Nousaku.
Venue: Giardini
KIRIBATI
Pacific Time - Time Flies
Commissioner: Pelea Tehumu, Ministry of Internal Affairs. Curators: Kautu Tabaka, Nina Tepes. Exhibitors: Kaeka Michael Betero, Daniela Danica Tepes, Kairaken Betio Group; Teroloang Borouea, Neneia Takoikoi, Tineta Timirau, Teeti Aaloa, Kenneth Ioane, Kaumai Kaoma, Runita Rabwaa, Obeta Taia, Tiribo Kobaua, Tamuera Tebebe, Rairauea Rue, Teuea Kabunare, Tokintekai Ekentetake, Katanuti Francis, Mikaere Tebwebwe, Terita Itinikarawa, Kaeua Kobaua, Raatu Tiuteke, Kaeriti Baanga, Ioanna Francis, Temarewe Banaan, Aanamaria Toom, Einako Temewi, Nimei Itinikarawa, Teniteiti Mikaere, Aanibo Bwatanita, Arin Tikiraua.
Venue: European Cultural Centre, Palazzo Mora, Strada Nuova 3659
KOREA (Republic of)
History Has Failed Us, but No Matter
Commissioner: Arts Council Korea. Curator: Hyunjin Kim. Exhibitors: Hwayeon Nam, siren eun young jung, Jane Jin Kaisen.
Venue: Giardini
KOSOVO (Republic of)
Family Album
Commissioner: Arta Agani. Curator: Vincent Honore. Exhibitor: Alban Muja.
Venue: Arsenale
LATVIA
Saules Suns
Commissioner: Dace Vilsone. Curators: Valentinas Klimašauskas, Inga Lāce.
Exhibitor: Daiga Grantiņa.
Venue: Arsenale
LITHUANIA
Sun & Sea (Marina)
Commissioner: Rasa Antanavičıūte. Curator: Lucia Pietroiusti.
Exhibitors: Lina Lapelyte, Vaiva Grainyte and Rugile Barzdziukaite.
Venue: Magazzino No. 42, Marina Militare, Arsenale di Venezia, Fondamenta Case Nuove 2738c
LUXEMBOURG (Grand Duchy of)
Written by Water
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture of Luxembourg.
Curator: Kevin Muhlen. Exhibitor: Marco Godinho.
Venue: Arsenale
NORTH MACEDONIA (Republic of )
Subversion to Red
Commissioner: Mira Gakina. Curator: Jovanka Popova. Exhibitor: Nada Prlja.
Venue: Palazzo Rota Ivancich, Castello 4421
MADAGASCAR ***
I have forgotten the night
Commissioner: Ministry of Communication and Culture of the Republic of Madagascar. Curators: Rina Ralay Ranaivo, Emmanuel Daydé.
Exhibitor: Joël Andrianomearisoa.
Venue: Arsenale
MALAYSIA ***
Holding Up a Mirror
Commissioner: Professor Dato’ Dr. Mohamed Najib Dawa, Director General of Balai Seni Negara (National Art Gallery of Malaysia), Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture of Malaysia. Curator: Lim Wei-Ling. Exhibitors: Anurendra Jegadeva, H.H.Lim, Ivan Lam, Zulkifli Yusoff.
Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, San Marco 3198
MALTA
Maleth / Haven / Port - Heterotopias of Evocation
Commissioner: Arts Council Malta. Curator: Hesperia Iliadou Suppiej. Exhibitors: Vince Briffa, Klitsa Antoniou, Trevor Borg.
Venue: Arsenale
MEXICO
Actos de Dios / Acts of God
Commissioner: Gabriela Gil Verenzuela. Curator: Magalí Arriola. Exhibitor: Pablo Vargas Lugo.
Venue: Arsenale
MONGOLIA
A Temporality
Commissioner: The Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports of Mongolia.
Curator: Gantuya Badamgarav. Exhibitor: Jantsankhorol Erdenebayar with the participation of traditional Mongolian throat singers and Carsten Nicolai (Alva Noto).
Venue: Bruchium Fermentum, Calle del Forno, Castello 2093-2090
MONTENEGRO
Odiseja / An Odyssey
Commissioner: Nenad Šoškić. Curator: Petrica Duletić. Exhibitor: Vesko Gagović.
Venue: Palazzo Malipiero (piano terra), San Marco 3078-3079/A, Ramo Malipiero
MOZAMBIQUE (Republic of)
The Past, the Present and The in Between
Commissioner: Domingos do Rosário Artur. Curator: Lidija K. Khachatourian.
Exhibitors: Gonçalo Mabunda, Mauro Pinto, Filipe Branquinho.
Venue: Palazzo Mora, Strada Nova, 3659
NETHERLANDS (The)
The Measurement of Presence
Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund. Curator: Benno Tempel. Exhibitors: Iris Kensmil, Remy Jungerman. Venue: Giardini
NEW ZEALAND
Post hoc
Commissioner: Dame Jenny Gibbs. Curators: Zara Stanhope and Chris Sharp.
Exhibitor: Dane Mitchell.
Venue: Palazzina Canonica, Riva Sette Martiri
NORDIC COUNTRIES (FINLAND - NORWAY - SWEDEN)
Weather Report: Forecasting Future
Commissioner: Leevi Haapala / Museum of Contemporary Art Kiasma / Finnish National Gallery, Katya García-Antón / Office for Contemporary Art Norway (OCA), Ann-Sofi Noring / Moderna Museet. Curators: Leevi Haapala, Piia Oksanen. Exhibitors: Ane Graff, Ingela Ihrman, nabbteeri.
Venue: Giardini
PAKISTAN ***
Manora Field Notes
Commissioner: Syed Jamal Shah, Pakistan National Council of the Arts, PNCA.
Curator: Zahra Khan. Exhibitor: Naiza Khan.
Venue: Tanarte, Castello 2109/A and Spazio Tana, Castello 2110-2111
PERU
“Indios Antropófagos”. A butterfly Garden in the (Urban) Jungle
Commissioner: Armando Andrade de Lucio. Curator: Gustavo Buntinx. Exhibitors: Christian Bendayán, Otto Michael (1859-1934), Manuel Rodríguez Lira (1874-1933), Segundo Candiño Rodríguez, Anonymous popular artificer.
Venue: Arsenale
PHILIPPINES
Island Weather
Commissioner: National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) / Virgilio S. Almario.
Curator: Tessa Maria T. Guazon. Exhibitor: Mark O. Justiniani.
Venue: Arsenale
POLAND
Flight
Commissioner: Hanna Wroblewska. Curators: Łukasz Mojsak, Łukasz Ronduda.
Exhibitor: Roman Stańczak.
Venue: Giardini
PORTUGAL
a seam, a surface, a hinge or a knot
Commissioner: Directorate-General for the Arts. Curator: João Ribas. Exhibitor: Leonor Antunes.
Venue: Fondazione Ugo e Olga Levi Onlus, Palazzo Giustinian Lolin, San Marco 2893
ROMANIA
Unfinished Conversations on the Weight of Absence
Commissioner: Attila Kim. Curator: Cristian Nae. Exhibitor: Belu-Simion Făinaru, Dan Mihălțianu, Miklós Onucsán.
Venues: Giardini and New Gallery of the Romanian Institute for Culture and Humanistic Research (Campo Santa Fosca, Palazzo Correr, Cannaregio 2214)
RUSSIA
Lc 15:11-32
Commissioner: Semyon Mikhailovsky. Curator: Mikhail Piotrovsky. Exhibitors: Alexander Sokurov, Alexander Shishkin-Hokusai.
Venue: Giardini
SAN MARINO (Republic of)
Friendship Project International
Commissioner: Vito Giuseppe Testaj. Curator: Vincenzo Sanfo. Exhibitors: Gisella Battistini, Martina Conti, Gabriele Gambuti, Giovanna Fra, Thea Tini, Chen Chengwei, Li Geng, Dario Ortiz, Tang Shuangning, Jens W. Beyrich, Xing Junqin, Xu de Qi, Sebastián.
Venue: Palazzo Bollani, Castello 3647; Complesso dell’Ospedaletto, Castello 6691
SAUDI ARABIA
After Illusion بعد توهم
Commissioner: Misk Art Insitute. Curator: Eiman Elgibreen. Exhibitor: Zahrah Al Ghamdi.
Venue: Arsenale
SERBIA
Regaining Memory Loss
Commissioner: Vladislav Scepanovic. Curator: Nicoletta Lambertucci. Exhibitor: Djordje Ozbolt.
Venue: Giardini
SEYCHELLES (Republic of)
Drift
Commissioner: Galen Bresson. Curator: Martin Kennedy.
Exhibitors: George Camille and Daniel Dodin.
Venue: Palazzo Mora, Strada Nova, 3659
SINGAPORE
Music For Everyone: Variations on a Theme
Commissioner: Rosa Daniel, Chief Executive Officer, National Arts Council (NAC).
Curator: Michelle Ho. Exhibitor: Song-Ming Ang.
Venue: Arsenale
SLOVENIA (Republic of)
Here we go again... SYSTEM 317
A situation of the resolution series
Commissioner: Zdenka Badovinac, Director Moderna galerija / Museum of Modern Art, Ljubljana. Curator: Igor Španjol. Exhibitor: Marko Peljhan.
Venue: Arsenale
SOUTH AFRICA (Republic of)
The stronger we become
Commissioner: Titi Nxumalo, Console Generale. Curators: Nkule Mabaso, Nomusa Makhubu. Exhibitors: Dineo Seshee Bopape, Tracey Rose, Mawande Ka Zenzile.
Venue: Arsenale
SPAIN
Perforated by Itziar Okariz and Sergio Prego
Commissioner: AECID Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional Para El Desarrollo. Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Union Europea y Cooperacion. Curator: Peio Aguirre.
Exhibitors: Itziar Okariz, Sergio Prego.
Venue: Giardini
SWITZERLAND
Moving Backwards
Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro-Helvetia: Marianne Burki, Sandi Paucic, Rachele Giudici Legittimo. Curator: Charlotte Laubard. Exhibitors: Pauline Boudry/Renate Lorenz.
Venue: Giardini
SYRIAN ARAB (Republic)
Syrian Civilization is still alive
Commissioner/Curator: Emad Kashout. Exhibitors: Abdalah Abouassali, Giacomo Braglia, Ibrahim Al Hamid, Chen Huasha, Saed Salloum, Xie Tian, Saad Yagan, Primo Vanadia, Giuseppe Biasio.
Venue: Isola di San Servolo; Chiesetta della Misericordia, Campo dell'Abbazia, Cannaregio
THAILAND
The Revolving World
Commissioner: Vimolluck Chuchat, Office of Contemporary Art and Culture, Ministry of Culture, Thailand. Curator: Tawatchai Somkong. Exhibitors: Somsak Chowtadapong, Panya Vijinthanasarn, Krit Ngamsom.
Venue: In Paradiso 1260, Castello
TURKEY
We, Elsewhere
Commissioner: IKSV. Curator: Zeynep Öz. Exhibitor: İnci Eviner.
Venue: Arsenale
UKRAINE
The Shadow of Dream cast upon Giardini della Biennale
Commissioner: Svitlana Fomenko, First Deputy Minister of Culture. Curators: Open group (Yurii Biley, Pavlo Kovach, Stanislav Turina, Anton Varga). Exhibitors: all artists of Ukraine.
Venue: Arsenale
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Nujoom Alghanem: Passage
Commissioner: Salama bint Hamdan Al Nahyan Foundation.
Curators: Sam Bardaouil and Till Fellrath. Exhibitor: Nujoom Alghanem.
Venue: Arsenale
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Martin Puryear: Liberty
Commissioner/Curator: Brooke Kamin Rapaport. Exhibitor: Martin Puryear.
Venue: Giardini
URUGUAY
“La casa empática”
Commissioner: Alejandro Denes. Curators: David Armengol, Patricia Bentancur.
Exhibitor: Yamandú Canosa.
Venue: Giardini
VENEZUELA (Bolivarian Republic of)
Metaphore of three windows
Venezuela: identity in time and space
Commissioner/Curator: Oscar Sottillo Meneses. Exhibitors: Natalie Rocha Capiello, Ricardo García, Gabriel López, Nelson Rangelosky.
Venue: Giardini
ZIMBABWE (Republic of)
Soko Risina Musoro (The Tale without a Head)
Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda, National Gallery of Zimbabwe. Curator: Raphael Chikukwa. Exhibitors: Georgina Maxim, Neville Starling , Cosmas Shiridzinomwa, Kudzanai Violet Hwami.
Venue: Istituto Provinciale per L’infanzia “Santa Maria Della Pietà”. Calle della Pietà Castello n. 3701 (ground floor)
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invited artist :
Lawrence Abu Hamdan (Jordan / Beirut)
Njideka Akunyili Crosby (Nigeria / USA),Halil Altındere (Turkey),Michael Armitage (Kenya / UK),Korakrit Arunanondchai (Thailand / USA),Alex Gvojic (USA),Ed Atkins (UK / Germany / Denmark),Tarek Atoui (Lebanon / France),
Darren Bader (USA),Nairy Baghramian (Iran / Germany,
Neïl Beloufa (France),Alexandra Bircken (Germany),Carol Bove (Switzerland / USA,
Christoph Büchel (Switzerland / Iceland,
Ludovica Carbotta (Italy / Barcelona),Antoine Catala (France / USA),Ian Cheng (USA),George Condo (USA
Alex Da Corte (USA),Jesse Darling (UK / Germany),Stan Douglas (Canada),Jimmie Durham (USA / Germany),Nicole Eisenman (France / USA,
Haris Epaminonda (Cyprus / Germany),Lara Favaretto (Italy),Cyprien Gaillard (France / Germany), Gill (India),Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster (France),Shilpa Gupta (India),Soham Gupta (India),Martine Gutierrez (USA),Rula Halawani (Palestine),Anthea Hamilton (UK),Jeppe Hein (Denmark / Germany),Anthony Hernandez (USA),Ryoji Ikeda (Japan / France),Arthur Jafa (USA),Cameron Jamie (USA / France / Germany),Kahlil Joseph (USA),Zhanna Kadyrova (Ukraine),Suki Seokyeong Kang (South Korea),Mari Katayama (Japan),Lee Bul (South Korea),Liu Wei (China),Maria Loboda (Poland / Germany),Andreas Lolis (Albania / Greece),Christian Marclay (USA / London),Teresa Margolles (Mexico / Spain),Julie Mehretu (Ethiopia / USA),Ad Minoliti (Argentina),Jean-Luc Moulène (France),Zanele Muholi (South Africa),Jill Mulleady (Uruguay / USA),Ulrike Müller (Austria / USA),Nabuqi (China),Otobong Nkanga (Nigeria / Belgium),Khyentse Norbu (Bhutan / India),Frida Orupabo (Norway),Jon Rafman (Canada).Gabriel Rico (Mexico),Handiwirman Saputra (Indonesia),Tomás Saraceno (Argentina / Germany),Augustas Serapinas (Lithuania),Avery Singer (USA),Slavs and Tatars (Germany),Michael E. Smith (USA),Hito Steyerl (Germany),Tavares Strachan (Bahamas / USA),Sun Yuan and Peng Yu (China),Henry Taylor (USA),Rosemarie Trockel (Germany),Kaari Upson (USA),Andra Ursuţa (Romania),Danh Vō (Vietnam / Mexico),Kemang Wa Lehulere (South Africa),Apichatpong Weerasethakul (Thailand) and Tsuyoshi Hisakado (Japan),Margaret Wertheim and Christine Wertheim (Australia / USA) ,Anicka Yi (South Korea/ USA),Yin Xiuzhen (China),Yu Ji (China / Austria)
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other Biennale :(Biennials ) :Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale
Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art
وینس Venetsiya
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Philadelphia, PA, est. 1682; pop. 1,567,442 (metro 6MM)
• built in 1740 • earliest known photograph is dated 1859 — bldg. was then 119 yrs. old [photo] • Georgian-Colonial trinity aka "bandbox" design • typically, trinity houses had 1 room per floor & were built facing each other in rows of 4 identical bldgs. • in addition to the room on each floor, this house had a walkable attic room & a cellar
• served as both business & residence for shopkeepers & artisans for over 150 yrs. • among the occupants in the 18th c. were a shoemaker, apothecary & an upholsterer named Betsy Ross, who is said to have sewn the first American flag in this building • estimates of when & how long she lived here have her arriving in 1773 at the earliest & departing as late as 1791
• over time the house changed in appearance [photos] as neighborhood houses were razed & replaced w/larger commercial buildings —Where's Betsy
Betsy Ross
• Elizabeth "Betsy" Griscom (1752-1836) was a fourth-generation American • daughter of Samuel Griscom (1717-1793) & Rebecca James (c. 1730-1793) • the 8th of their 17 children • great granddaughter of Andrew Griscom (c. 1654-1694), a Quaker carpenter who migrated from England to New Jersey in 1680, 1 yr. before William Penn founded Philadelphia
"She often laughed at the curious fact that she was born on the first day of the week, the first day of the month, the first day of the year, and the first year of the 'new style' [which was] the dividing line between the old way of measuring the years time and the new method under the [Gregorian calendar… She was also] the seventh daughter of a seventh daughter." —C.B. Satterthwaite, great grandson, The Des Moines Register, 07 Jan, 1906
• at age 3 Betsy's family moved to a large home at 4th & Arch Sts. • went to a Friends (Quaker) public school • 8 of her siblings died before adulthood • lost her mother, father & sister, Deborah, to the 1793 yellow fever epidemic
• upon completion of her schooling at age 12, her father apprenticed her to upholsterer John Webster • fell in love with fellow apprentice John Ross (1752-1773), son of an Episcopal asst. rector at Christ Church • defying her parents, in 1773 Betsy, age 21, eloped w/John
• Betsy's sister Sarah & her husband Capt. Wm. Donaldson rowed the couple across the Delaware River, heading 5 miles downstream to Gloucestertown, NJ • they were married at family friend William Hugg Jr.'s tavern & inn, known locally as Hugg's …more: The New Jersey Hugg Line
• because her marriage to a non-Quaker was considered an act of "disorderly and undutiful conduct," Betsy was split from her family & read out of meeting, i.e., disowned by her Quaker community • became a member of Christ Church • the Ross's pew No. 12 [photo] was adjacent to Martha & George Washington's No. 56 & not far from Deborah & Benjamin Franklin's No. 70
• the newlyweds — now trained upholsterers — opened their own business • c. 1773 they rented a house, probably at what is today 239 Arch St. although the exact site is still debated by historians • most records point to this house or one next door at No. 241, long since razed
"The identity of the location was always preserved in the family, which agrees with the records in the old Philadelphia directories… from 1785, the first published, to the removal of Betsy Ross and her husband from 239 Arch Street, in 1791" —Betsy Ross grandson George Canby, New York Times, 05 July, 1908
• Benjamin Franklin & Benjamin Chew were among the Rosses' customers • business slowed during the Revolutionary War as fabric was in short supply • John Ross joined the Pennsylvania militia • mid-Jan., 1776, he was gravely wounded by a powder explosion at a Delaware River ammunition cache, apparently while standing guard • Betsy nursed him in their home, but he died within days
• in June, 1777, Betsy married girlhood suitor Joseph Ashburn, a privateer who commanded the sailing sloop Swallow • the couple had 2 daughters • the 1st, Aucilla ("Zillah"), died in infancy
• British troops entered Philadelphia on 26 Sep., 1777 after their victory at the Battle of Brandywine • the Ashburn home was forcibly shared with British occupation soldiers as the Continental Army suffered through the killing winter at Valley Forge • the British soldiers nicknamed Betsy "Little Rebel" —US History•org
• Betsy was pregnant with Elizabeth ("Eliza") when Joseph accepted a job offer & shipped out as first mate on the 6-gun brigantine, Patty • returned to be present for the Feb., 1781 birth of their 2nd daughter
• Joseph became master of the 18-gun Lion & took her to sea late in the summer of 1781 • on 31 Aug., his ship was captured off the coast of France by a 44-gun British frigate, the HMS Prudente
• prior to March, 1782, the British refused to designate captured rebels as prisoners of war, thus the captives from the Lion were viewed as traitors, charged with high treason & committed to Plymouth, England's Mill Prison [images] • while incarcerated, Ashburn met fellow prisoner John Claypoole, a longtime friend of the Ross family
• Claypoole, a Continental Army vet, had been wounded at Germantown & consequently discharged • in 1781 he signed on to man the 18-gun Pennsylvania privateer Chevalier de la Luzerne & was captured in April • in the spring of 1782 Ashburn died in prison, leaving Betsy a 2-time war widow at age 30 —Betsy Ross and the Making of America
"In the Night of the 3d of March Mr Joseph Ashburn departed this life after an illness of about a week which he bore with amazing fortitude & resignation" —John Claypoole, Mill Prison
"The story goes that Ashburn, while in Mill Prison, often talked with John Claypoole about his wife, Betty*, and at his death sent farewell messages by him to her. Claypoole, on his arrival in Philadelphia, hastened to deliver these messages, and inside of eight months he married her." —John Claypoole's Memorandum-Book *Betsy is referred to as "Betty" in some 18th, 19th & early 20th c. books & media
• in 1782 Claypoole returned to Philadelphia, called on Betsy & married her the following year • gave up his seafaring career to join her at the Arch St. upholstery shop • though renamed "John Claypoole, upholsterer," to customers the shop remained Betsy's place • the couple had 5 daughters: Clarissa, Susanna, Rachel, Jane & Harriet, who died at 9 months • sometime after Susanna's birth in 1786, the Claypooles moved from Arch St. to a larger house on 2nd
• Betsy returned to her Quaker roots, albeit with the Free (Fighting) Quakers, a group exiled from the main Quaker community when their support for the Revolution was ruled a violation of the faith's peace testimony • the couple became members c. 1785 • image: Betsy Claypoole signature taken from the Meeting House roster
• it is widely believed that when the Free Quaker Meeting House shut down in 1834, it was its last attending members — Elizabeth Claypoole & Samuel Wetherill — who closed the doors
• in 1817, after a long illness, John Claypoole died • Betsy never remarried • after retiring, she moved to the home of her daughter, Susanna • she died on 30 Jan, 1836, age 84
The American Flags
"Flags were a rare sight on land in the British North American colonies," —Wooden Teachout, Capture the Flag: A Political History of American Patriotism
• American flags were seldom used in parades or displayed by private citizens • colors were flown mainly in battle, over government institutions & on ships, where they were essential to identifying other vessels & determining friend or foe
• this changed after America's 1876 Centennial Exposition, which explains why "flags made prior to the Civil War are extremely rare, and flags made before 1820 are practically nonexistent." —Jeff R. Bridgeman, Stars and Stripes, Early American Life, Aug. 2011
• with the onset of the Revolutionary War, a flag for the "United Colonies" was created without the sanction of the Continental Congress • this 1775 flag was known as the Continental Colors, aka Grand Union, Congress Flag, Cambridge Flag
• on 2 Dec., 1775, the 1st Continental Colors flag was hand sewn by milliner Margaret Manny, who had begun making flags & ensigns the previous year
"Everyone knows about Betsy Ross, why do we know nothing about Margaret Manny? Probably for no better reason than that she had fewer articulate friends and relatives to build a story around her." —historian Barbara Tuchman, The First Salute
• the Continental Colors had 13 alternating red & white stripes with the British Union crosses in the canton • was created to replace the use of individual colony flags • prior to the Declaration of Independence, it was probably the most used unofficial flag of the revolution • American Flag Timeline
• the inclusion of the British Jack in the design signals that this flag was intended not for a civil war of secession, but rather a crusade to secure the American colonists' rights as Englishman • prior to the signing of the Declaration of Independence, Gen. George Washington, still hoping for reconciliation with Mother England, would occasionally toast the King —The Forgotten Flag of the American Revolution and What It Means
• on 3 Dec, 1775, the new flag was raised by 1st Lt. John Paul Jones (1747-1792) on the 30-gun Continental Navy frigate USS Alfred [painting], the 1st national ensign to fly on an American fighting vessel —Naval History Blog
• the flag later flew over the signing of the Declaration of Independence & according to tradition (contested by some scholars), it was raised on a ship's mast atop Charlestown's Prospect Hill [painting] during Washington's 1 Jan., 1776 siege of Boston
• spotting the hybrid British/American flag for the first time, confused British observers took it as a signal of submission: “By this time, I presume, they begin to think it strange that we have not made a formal surrender of our lines,” Washington wrote • his psychological weaponry also included an early form of war propaganda
• absent a single government-mandated flag design, a variety of others were used • within a yr. after Prospect hill, the Continental Colors' Union Jack was replaced by a blue field w/13 white stars in various arrangements, e.g., rows, or possibly a circle?
• on 14 June, 1777, now celebrated as Flag Day, the American Flag was born by resolution of the Continental Congress, the country’s 1st flag law • during the Revolutionary period that followed, the stars on most American flags were arranged in rows of 4-5-4 with the number of points on most stars ranging from 4 to 8 • compared to the Continental Colors, the rows of stars made it easier to identify the flag/ship/nationality at sea —The 13 Stars & Stripes
The Story
• about a year before the Flag Resolution of 1777 Betsy Ross, 5-months a widow & struggling to make a ends meet, is said to have received a visit from a Continental Congress flag committee (apparently a secret one as there are no records of its existence)
• according to the well known Betsy Ross story, in late May of 1776 (but possibly 1777) 3 heroes of the revolution — George Ross, the uncle of Betsy's late husband, financier/slave trader Robert Morris & Betsy's pew neighbor Gen. George Washington [portraits] — called on her to discuss a flag for the new nation
• Rachel Fletcher (Betsy's daughter) recalled that "…she was previously well acquainted with Washington, and that he had often been in her house in friendly visits, as well as on business. That she had embroidered ruffles for his shirt bosoms and cuffs, and that it was partly owing to his friendship for her that she was chosen to make the flag." —Rachel's affidavit
• as told by Betsy, Gen. Washington, then head of the Continental Army, showed her a rough design of a flag with 6-pointed stars • she offered suggestions for modifications & stated a preference for 5-pointed stars • when her visitors expressed concern over the difficulty of producing them, she replied, "Nothing easier," which she then proved by cutting a 5-pointed star in a single snip • video: Make a perfect star with ONE cut! (1:15) • Two Conundrums Concerning the Betsy Ross Five-Pointed Star
• changes approved, Washington redrew the flag w/a pencil • Betsy's friend & collaborator William Barrett, a Cherry St. ornamental painter created a water color copy of the drawing for her to work from • 1-2 other seamstresses sewed alternate designs for the committee, but only Betsy's was approved & used
• what is known today as the "Betsy Ross flag" has 13 red & white stripes & a ring of 13, white 5-pointed stars • though the design may have been in use by 1777, vexillologists believe that between 1777-1795, (the yrs. the official flag had 13 stars) most flags displayed stars in rows, which are easier to produce than a circle
• None of the surviving flags from the 18th century exhibit the Betsy Ross pattern • however a few examples are depicted in the art of the era (although period art is notoriously unreliable for flag research)
• the flag depicted in Chas. Willson Peale's 1779 George Washington at the Battle of Princeton is generally considered credible & "may be the only evidence in a painting… that suggests that a circle-pattern flag may have existed in colonial times… Otherwise, you won't see an American flag with a perfect circle of stars made before the 1890s." —Jeff R. Bridgeman, loc. cit.13 Stars in the Betsy Ross Pattern • historically significant the American flags [images]
• though known as an upholsterer, there is no doubt that Betsy made flags, having sewn pennants & ensigns for the Pennsylvania State Navy Board (as did Margaret Manning & Rebecca Young, whose daughter Mary Pickersgill would go on to sew the enormous flag that inspired the U.S. National Anthem, Francis Scott Key's The Star-Spangled Banner)
• a month before Congress passed the Flag Resolution, Betsy was paid 14 pounds, 12 shillings, 2 pence (~$2,300 in 2017 USD) for what must have been a prodigious quantity of Pennsylvania Navy flags • there is no hard evidence that any of these were American flags • "...today we are reasonably convinced that Betsy’s flag was a naval flag, with a simple ‘in line’ arrangement of the stars…" —John B. Harker, Historian & Betsy Ross descendent
• Betsy (Elizabeth Claypool) was now in the business of producing flags & ensigns for the federal govt. • throughout the Jefferson & Madison admins. the skilled needlewoman made flags as large as 18' x 24' for American military installations, with demand peaking during the War of 1812
• for the rest of her life she — in her words — "never knew what it was to want employment" • her oldest daughter, Clarissa Sidney Wilson (1785-1864) [portrait], succeeded her, supplying arsenals, navy yards & the mercantile marine with flags for years —Betsy Ross•org
"In the last years of her life, Ross was neither more nor less important than other aging women who had lived through the Revolution. That she became famous while others were forgotten exposes the interlocking power of family history, local memory, and national politics." —How Betsy Ross Became Famous by Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, Historian
The Legend
"…at a time of great historic import such as that time when the Declaration was signed, people have no leisure to think about the minor events which are taking place. Thus, during the revolution no one thought of Betsy Ross as a national heroine, and it was not, in fact until 1870 that William J. Canby (1825-1890) first brought the story of how the first flag was made into general prominence." —Dr. Lloyd Balderston, great-grandson of Betsy Ross, The Philadelphia Inquirer, 3 Jul, 1908
• there is no record of the the Betsy Ross story prior to 1870 • that year — 34 years after her death — Betsy's 45 yr. old grandson, a title processor named William Jackson Canby, presented a paper titled The History of the Flag of the United States to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania • the document, accompanied by sworn affidavits, was an oral history passed on by descendants of Betsy Ross, including Canby himself who was 11 yrs. old when she died • …more: The Evolution of the American Flag by (Betsy Ross descendants) George Canby (1829-1907), Lloyd Balderston, Ph.D (1863-1933)
• the story was largely ignored until it was mentioned in historian George Henry Preble's 1872 book Our Flag & appeared in the July, 1873 Harper's Monthly [illustration] • with Civil War wounds slowly healing & the 1876 centennial celebration fast approaching, Betsy Ross & the flag entered American consciousness • in the 1880's her story began to appear in textbooks • by the mid 1890s it was often illustrated by an engraving of The Birth of Our Nation’s Flag, an 1893 painting by Charles H. Weisgerber (1856-1932)
• oral tradition has it that in 1892 Weisgerber, a 36 yr. old aspiring artist, was bent on winning a forthcoming art competition • walking along Arch St., he noticed a plaque at No. 239 which identified the bldg. as the site where Betsy Ross sewed the 1st American flag
• inspired, Weisgerber envisioned a scene of Betsy & the 1st flag set in her shop • to fill in details of the story, characters & setting, he drew on period portraits, the testimony of living descendants & the 22 yr. old Canby paper
• with no authentic image of Betsy in existence (according to her relatives), Weisgerber painted a composite taken from images of 4 of her daughters & a granddaughter who was said to closely resemble her • the resulting portrait was critiqued by relatives who had known her & modified accordingly • Weisgerber then created a massive 9' x 12' painting • portrayed the young Widow Ross, saintly matriarch of a new nation, as she presents the 1st American flag to 3 revered American patriarchs
• "the image was [said] …by Mrs. Ross' grandson, George Canby, to be the only correct likeness of [her]" — he was 7 yrs. old when Betsy Ross died —The Times (Philadelphia) 15 Jun 1893
• the flag depicted in the painting — with no evidence to support the authenticity of its design — has since been known as the "Betsy Ross flag," the standard for celebrating the U.S.A.'s birthday each 4th of July
The Apotheosis
• Weisgerber's painting won the $1,000 prize & in 1893 was showcased in the Pennsylvania Building at Chicago’s Columbian Exposition • seen by millions of visitors • contributed to the nascent reverence for Betsy Ross & the flag as sacred symbols of the emerging, quasi-religious American civil religion • politicians, patriotic societies & public sentiment propelled the flag's transformation into an object of veneration, its role expanding well beyond the customary military & govt. functions
On Flag Day, 1894, the Colonial Dames gathered 500 schoolchildren to honor “the adoption by Congress . . . of the flag made by Betsy Ross from the design submitted to her by Gen. Washington” • by 1895, 10 states had laws requiring public schools to display the flag on all school days — Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, loc. cit.
• in 1897 the City of New York bought thousands of lithographs of Weisgerber’s painting for its public schools: “It is thought that the representation which is declared historically correct, together with such lectures as the teachers may deliver, will add much to the pupil’s knowledge and keep alive a proper reverence for the country’s emblem.” —New York Times, 14 Feb, 1897
• in 1885, NYC school principal George T. Balch (1821-1908), a vet. of the Indian & Civil Wars, wrote Salute to the Flag, the U.S.A.'s first pledge of allegiance
"I give my hand and my heart to my country — one nation, one language, one flag."
• the heightened patriotism of the era inspired a movement to organize schoolyard flag raising ceremonies • the American Flag Assn. was founded in 1897 for the "fostering of public sentiment in favor of honoring the flag in our country and preserving it from desecration" • Natl. Flag Day was proclaimed in 1917
• Christian Socialist Francis Bellamy (1855-1931), who worked in the premium dept. of The Youth's Companion magazine, wrote a new U.S. Pledge of Allegiance (1892) for his employer • created as part of the magazine's campaign to sell American flags to public schools • goal was a flag in every classroom • 25,000 schools acquired flags the 1st yr. • though priced "at cost," banner sales proved profitable
• Bellamy also choreographed a salute — the "Bellamy Salute" — to accompany the pledge • because of its similarity to the Nazi heil it was replaced by a right-hand-over-heart gesture during World War II • another Youth's Companion employee, James Upham, headed a flag-centric project designed to engage public schools in the commemoration of the U.S.A.'s 1st Columbus Day (Oct. 1892)
The Verdict
• for nearly a century-and-a-half, historians have debated the available evidence in an attempt to prove that Betsy Ross either did or did not produce the 1st American flag: "There’s no good historical evidence that she did. But that doesn’t mean she didn’t. There’s simply a lack of documentation. Most historians believe the story is apocryphal." —Marc Leepson, author of Flag: An American Biography, The Truth About Betsy Ross
• the identity of the woman who sewed America's 1st flag may never be certain, but there is good reason to believe that its designer may have been Francis Hopkinson (1737-1791) • the NJ representative to the Continental Congress & signer of the Declaration of Independence is the only person entered into the Congressional record for designing the 1st American flag
• it has been speculated that on 14 June, 1777, it was Hopkinson who replaced the British crosses in the Continental Colors with white stars on a blue field • no original sketch of a Hopkinson flag exists, but surviving rough sketches including his design for the Great Seal of the U.S. incorporate elements of 2 of his flag designs —Wikipedia
On 25 May, 1780, Hopkinson wrote to the Continental Board, requesting "a Quarter Cask of the public Wine" as payment for several itemized "patriotic designs" he had completed, most notably, "the flag of the United States of America" • submitted another bill on 24 June for "drawings and devices," including "the Naval Flag of the United States"
• the Treasury Board rejected his request for payment because he "was not the only person consulted on those exhibitions of Fancy" & furthermore was not entitled to compensation as he was already on the government payroll —Did Francis Hopkinson Design Two Flags?, Earl P. Williams, Jr.
• Hopkinson is also considered America's 1st poet-composer • written at age 21, his song My Days have been so Wondrous Free (1759) is regarded as the earliest surviving American secular composition [listen] —UPen•edu
Saving Betsy's House
• by 1859, 239 Arch St. was occupied by the family of German immigrant (Carl) Philip Mund (1822-1883), who operated a tailor's shop on the 1st floor • the landlord, after collecting rent for the first year, never returned • over the succeeding rent-free decades, the Munds operated a variety of businesses in their retail space
• after Canby's 1870 speech identified the location of Betsy Ross's house as Arch between 2nd & 3rd, the Munds — occupants of the block's last standing colonial house — posted a sign: "First Flag of the US Made in this House" • in 1876, as visitors poured into the city for the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, the Munds ran an ad for their latest 1st floor business: "Original Flag House, Lager, Wine and Liquors. This is the house where the first United States flag was made by Mrs. John Ross." —Historic Philadelphia
• after Philip Mund died his wife Amelia, who objected to running a saloon, converted the space into a cigar store & candy shop which operated until 1892 — her son Charles then devoted the space to a museum/souvenir shop [photo] —The Betsy Ross House Facts, Myths, and Pictures by G.A. Anderson
• c. 1897 citizens led by Charles Weisgerber organized the American Flag Soc. & Betsy Ross Memorial Assn. • goal was to rescue the house from imminent demolition • intended to purchase it from Charles Mund, restore it to its 18th-c. appearance, preserve the memory of Betsy Ross & honor the American flag
• to raise the funds for purchasing the Betsy Ross "American Flag House," the Association devised a rudimentary multi-level marketing strategy • sold lifetime memberships for 10 cents • each member was encouraged to recruit others & form a group of 30; each group founder received a chromolithographograph of Weisgerber's painting • over 2 million monochrome certificates were sold at ten cents each • the colorful chromoliths were available at addl. cost (frame not included) —Enjoying Philadelphia
• the Association leased the house in 1898, purchased it in 1903 • Weisgerber & his family moved in • lived upstairs, kept the museum & a souvenir shop on the 1st floor • in 1902 they named their newborn son Charles Vexil Domus, Latin for "flag house" [photo] • he would later replace his parents as custodian of the house —G.A. Anderson, loc. cit.
• by 1936 the house was on the verge of ruin • in 1937 Philadelphia Mayor Davis Wilson proposed a restoration by WPA workers • this provoked "a storm of protest" from critics
• Pennsylvania Historical Soc. members wrote off the Betsy Ross story as "hokum" and "the bunk" • the protests from scholars & historians sparked an unwinnable faith vs. reason culture war with patriotic organizations such as the Daughters of the American Revolution & the Patriotic Order Sons of America
• amid the controversy, Philadelphia radio manufacturer & philanthropist A. Atwater Kent (1873-1949) offered to pay up to $25K for the restoration • Historical architect, Richardson Brognard Okie (1875-1945) won the commission
• the design for the restoration was derived from evidence & conjecture • goal was to return the bldg. to its c. 1777 appearance • surviving architectural elements were preserved when possible • materials salvaged from demolished colonial era homes were also used • in 1941, the Association gave the property to the city • the house now stands as one of Philadelphia's most popular tourist attractions
Postscript
• in 1929 Hugg's tavern, where Betsy Griscom defied family & church to marry John Ross, was demolished to make way for the Proprietor's Park swimming pool, which no longer exists • the Revolutionary War-era Hugg-Harrison-Glover House (1764), built on property owned by the Hugg family as early as 1683, was razed in the face of fervent opposition, March, 2017 —Facebook
• 178 yrs. after Betsy's wedding & just 5 blocks from where Hugg's once stood, another American legend was born at the Twin Bar [photo] when Bill Haley (and the Saddlemen) performed there in the early 1950s [poster] • in 1952 Haley's band laid down a cover of Rock the Joint [listen], an historic 1949 recording by Jimmy Preston & His Prestonians [listen] • each of these recordings has been cited as a candidate for the title of first rock 'n' roll song • Gloucester City thus became one of several U.S. sites that claims the title "Cradle of Rock 'n Roll"
Charles H. Weisgerber died in 1932 • his magnum opus, The Birth of the American Flag lay rolled up & hidden away in a barn loft & later in the back of a South Jersey dye-making workshop • his grandson Stuart (son of Vexil Domus) found it — still rolled up — in his mother's basement • its poor condition precluded exhibition: in the 50s, hanging in the old State Museum at Harrisburg, it had been vandalized, then incurred additional damage from repeated unrolling
• Weisgerber sought a Philadelphia home for the massive work but was unsuccessful • after a $40K restoration in 2002 the painting, it's appraised market value just $50K, returned to the State Museum at Harrisburg
• in 1976 the remains of Betsy Ross & 3rd husband John Claypoole were moved from Mount Moriah cemetery, Yeadon, PA, to the garden on the west side of the Betsy Ross House courtyard
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ALBANIA
Albanian Trilogy: A Series of Devious Stratagems
Armando Lulaj
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marco Scotini. Deputy Curator: Andris Brinkmanis. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ANDORRA
Inner Landscapes
Roqué, Joan Xandri
Commissioner: Henry Périer. Deputy Commissioner: Joana Baygual, Sebastià Petit, Francesc Rodríguez
Curator: Paolo de Grandis, Josep M. Ubach. Venue: Spiazzi, Castello 3865
ANGOLA
On Ways of Travelling
António Ole, Binelde Hyrcan, Délio Jasse, Francisco Vidal, Nelo Teixeira
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Rita Guedes Tavares. Curator: António Ole. Deputy Curator: Antonia Gaeta. Venue: Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello - Palazzo Pisani, San Marco 2810
ARGENTINA
The Uprising of Form
Juan Carlos Diste´fano
Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace. Curator: Mari´a Teresa Constantin. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
ARMENIA, Republic of
Armenity / Haiyutioun
Haig Aivazian, Lebanon; Nigol Bezjian, Syria/USA; Anna Boghiguian Egypt/Canada; Hera Büyüktasçiyan, Turkey; Silvina Der-Meguerditchian, Argentina/Germany; Rene Gabri & Ayreen Anastas, Iran/Palestine/USA; Mekhitar Garabedian, Belgium; Aikaterini Gegisian, Greece; Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Italy; Aram Jibilian, USA; Nina Katchadourian, USA/Finland; Melik Ohanian, France; Mikayel Ohanjanyan, Armenia/Italy; Rosana Palazyan, Brazil; Sarkis, Turkey/France; Hrair Sarkissian, Syria/UK
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Armenia. Deputy Commissioner: Art for the World, Mekhitarist Congregation of San Lazzaro Island, Embassy of the Republic of Armenia in Italy, Vartan Karapetian. Curator: Adelina Cüberyan von Fürstenberg. Venue: Monastery and Island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni
AUSTRALIA
Fiona Hall: Wrong Way Time
Fiona Hall
Commissioner: Simon Mordant AM. Deputy Commissioner: Charles Green. Curator: Linda Michael. Scientific Committee: Simon Mordant AM, Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Max Delany, Rachel Kent, Danie Mellor, Suhanya Raffel, Leigh Robb. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AUSTRIA
Heimo Zobernig
Commissioner: Yilmaz Dziewior. Curator: Yilmaz Dziewior. Scientific Committee: Friends of the Venice Biennale. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AZERBAIJAN, Republic of
Beyond the Line
Ashraf Murad, Javad Mirjavadov, Tofik Javadov, Rasim Babayev, Fazil Najafov, Huseyn Hagverdi, Shamil Najafzada
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: de Pury de Pury, Emin Mammadov. Venue: Palazzo Lezze, Campo S.Stefano, San Marco 2949
Vita Vitale
Edward Burtynsky, Mircea Cantor, Loris Cecchini, Gordon Cheung, Khalil Chishtee, Tony Cragg, Laura Ford, Noemie Goudal, Siobhán Hapaska, Paul Huxley, IDEA laboratory and Leyla Aliyeva, Chris Jordan with Rebecca Clark and Helena S.Eitel, Tania Kovats, Aida Mahmudova, Sayyora Muin, Jacco Olivier, Julian Opie, Julian Perry, Mike Perry, Bas Princen, Stephanie Quayle, Ugo Rondinone, Graham Stevens, Diana Thater, Andy Warhol, Bill Woodrow, Erwin Wurm, Rose Wylie
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: Artwise: Susie Allen, Laura Culpan, Dea Vanagan. Venue: Ca’ Garzoni, San Marco 3416
BELARUS, Republic of
War Witness Archive
Konstantin Selikhanov
Commissioner: Natallia Sharanhovich. Deputy Commissioners: Alena Vasileuskaya, Kamilia Yanushkevich. Curators: Aleksei Shinkarenko, Olga Rybchinskaya. Scientific Committee: Dmitry Korol, Daria Amelkovich, Julia Kondratyuk, Sergei Jeihala, Sheena Macfarlane, Yuliya Heisik, Hanna Samarskaya, Taras Kaliahin, Aliaksandr Stasevich. Venue: Riva San Biagio, Castello 2145
BELGIUM
Personnes et les autres
Vincent Meessen and Guests, Mathieu K. Abonnenc, Sammy Baloji, James Beckett, Elisabetta Benassi, Patrick Bernier & Olive Martin, Tamar Guimara~es & Kasper Akhøj, Maryam Jafri, Adam Pendleton
Commissioner: Wallonia-Brussels Federation and Wallonia-Brussels International. Curator: Katerina Gregos. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
COSTA RICA
"Costa Rica, Paese di pace, invita a un linguaggio universale d'intesa tra i popoli".
Andrea Prandi, Beatrice Gallori, Beth Parin, Biagio Schembari, Carla Castaldo, Celestina Avanzini, Cesare Berlingeri, Erminio Tansini, Fabio Capitanio, Fausto Beretti, Giovan Battista Pedrazzini, Giovanni Lamberti, Giovanni Tenga, Iana Zanoskar, Jim Prescott, Leonardo Beccegato, Liliana Scocco, Lucia Bolzano, Marcela Vicuna, Marco Bellagamba, Marco Lodola, Maria Gioia dell’Aglio, Mario Bernardinello, Massimo Meucci, Nacha Piattini, Omar Ronda, Renzo Eusebi, Tita Patti, Romina Power, Rubens Fogacci, Silvio di Pietro, Stefano Sichel, Tino Stefanoni, Ufemia Ritz, Ugo Borlenghi, Umberto Mariani, Venere Chillemi, Jacqueline Gallicot Madar, Massimo Onnis, Fedora Spinelli
Commissioner: Ileana Ordonez Chacon. Curator: Gregorio Rossi. Venue: Palazzo Bollani
CROATIA
Studies on Shivering: The Third Degree
Damir Ocko
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marc Bembekoff. Venue: Palazzo Pisani, S. Marina
CUBA
El artista entre la individualidad y el contexto
Lida Abdul, Celia-Yunior, Grethell Rasúa, Giuseppe Stampone, LinYilin, Luis Edgardo Gómez Armenteros, Olga Chernysheva, Susana Pilar Delahante Matienzo
Commissioner: Miria Vicini. Curators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza. Venue: San Servolo Island
CYPRUS, Republic of
Two Days After Forever
Christodoulos Panayiotou
Commissioner: Louli Michaelidou. Deputy Commissioner: Angela Skordi. Curator: Omar Kholeif. Deputy Curator: Daniella Rose King. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, Sestiere San Marco 3079
CZECH Republic and SLOVAK Republic
Apotheosis
Jirí David
Commissioner: Adam Budak. Deputy Commissioner: Barbara Holomkova. Curator: Katarina Rusnakova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ECUADOR
Gold Water: Apocalyptic Black Mirrors
Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla in collaboration with Lucia Vallarino Peet
Commissioner: Andrea Gonzàlez Sanchez. Deputy Commissioner: PDG Arte Communications. Curator: Ileana Cornea. Deputy Curator: Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla. Venue: Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello 3701
ESTONIA
NSFW. From the Abyss of History
Jaanus Samma
Commissioner: Maria Arusoo. Curator: Eugenio Viola. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, campo San Samuele, San Marco 3199
EGYPT
CAN YOU SEE
Ahmed Abdel Fatah, Gamal Elkheshen, Maher Dawoud
Commissioner: Hany Al Ashkar. Curator: Ministry of Culture. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FINLAND (Pavilion Alvar Aalto)
Hours, Years, Aeons
IC-98
Commissioner: Frame Visual Art Finland, Raija Koli. Curator: Taru Elfving. Deputy Curator: Anna Virtanen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FRANCE
revolutions
Céleste Boursier-Mougenot
Commissioner: Institut français, with Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Curator: Emma Lavigne. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GEORGIA
Crawling Border
Rusudan Gobejishvili Khizanishvili, Irakli Bluishvili, Dimitri Chikvaidze, Joseph Sabia
Commissioner: Ana Riaboshenko. Curator: Nia Mgaloblishvili. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
GERMANY
Fabrik
Jasmina Metwaly / Philip Rizk, Olaf Nicolai, Hito Steyerl, Tobias Zielony
Commissioner: ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) on behalf of the Federal Foreign Office. Deputy Commissioner: Elke aus dem Moore, Nina Hülsmeier. Curator: Florian Ebner. Deputy Curator: Tanja Milewsky, Ilina Koralova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GREAT BRITAIN
Sarah Lucas
Commissioner: Emma Dexter. Curator: Richard Riley. Deputy Curator: Katrina Schwarz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GRENADA *
Present Nearness
Oliver Benoit, Maria McClafferty, Asher Mains, Francesco Bosso and Carmine Ciccarini, Guiseppe Linardi
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: Susan Mains. Curator: Susan Mains. Deputy Curator: Francesco Elisei. Venue: Opera don Orione Artigianelli, Sala Tiziano, Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Gesuati, Dorsoduro 919
GREECE
Why Look at Animals? AGRIMIKÁ.
Maria Papadimitriou
Commissioner: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Education and Religious Affairs. Curator: Gabi Scardi. Deputy Curator: Alexios Papazacharias. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
BRAZIL
So much that it doesn't fit here
Antonio Manuel, André Komatsu, Berna Reale
Commissioner: Luis Terepins. Curator: Luiz Camillo Osorio. Deputy Curator: Cauê Alves. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CANADA
Canadassimo
BGL
Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Marc Mayer. Deputy Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Yves Théoret. Curator: Marie Fraser. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CHILE
Poéticas de la disidencia | Poetics of dissent: Paz Errázuriz - Lotty Rosenfeld
Paz Errázuriz, Lotty Rosenfeld
Commissioner: Antonio Arèvalo. Deputy Commissioner: Juan Pablo Vergara Undurraga. Curator: Nelly Richard. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
CHINA, People’s Republic of
Other Future
LIU Jiakun, LU Yang, TAN Dun, WEN Hui/Living Dance Studio, WU Wenguang/Caochangdi Work Station
Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group, CAEG. Deputy Commissioners: Zhang Yu, Yan Dong. Curator: Beijing Contemporary Art Foundation. Scientific Committee: Fan Di’an, Zhang Zikang, Zhu Di, Gao Shiming, Zhu Qingsheng, Pu Tong, Shang Hui. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Giardino delle Vergini
GUATEMALA
Sweet Death
Emma Anticoli Borza, Sabrina Bertolelli, Mariadolores Castellanos, Max Leiva, Pier Domenico Magri, Adriana Montalto, Elmar Rojas (Elmar René Rojas Azurdia), Paolo Schmidlin, Mónica Serra, Elsie Wunderlich, Collettivo La Grande Bouffe
Commissioner: Daniele Radini Tedeschi. Curators: Stefania Pieralice, Carlo Marraffa, Elsie Wunderlich. Deputy Curators: Luciano Carini, Simone Pieralice. Venue: Officina delle Zattere, Dorsoduro 947, Fondamenta Nani
HOLY SEE
Commissioner: Em.mo Card. Gianfranco Ravasi, Presidente del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
HUNGARY
Sustainable Identities
Szilárd Cseke
Commissioner: Monika Balatoni. Deputy Commissioner: István Puskás, Sándor Fodor, Anna Karády. Curator: Kinga German. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ICELAND
Christoph Büchel
Commissioner: Björg Stefánsdóttir. Curator: Nína Magnúsdóttir. Venue: to be confirmed
INDONESIA, Republic of
Komodo Voyage
Heri Dono
Commissioner: Sapta Nirwandar. Deputy Commissioner: Soedarmadji JH Damais. Curator: Carla Bianpoen, Restu Imansari Kusumaningrum. Scientific Committee: Franco Laera, Asmudjo Jono Irianto, Watie Moerany, Elisabetta di Mambro. Venue: Venue: Arsenale
IRAN
Iranian Highlights
Samira Alikhanzaradeh, Mahmoud Bakhshi Moakhar, Jamshid Bayrami, Mohammed Ehsai
The Great Game
Lida Abdul, Bani Abidi, Adel Abidin, Amin Agheai, Ghodratollah Agheli, Shahriar Ahmadi, Parastou Ahovan, Farhad Ahrarnia, Rashad Alakbarov, Nazgol Ansarinia, Reza Aramesh, Alireza Astaneh, Sonia Balassanian, Mahmoud Bakhshi, Moakhar Wafaa Bilal, Mehdi Farhadian, Monir Farmanfarmaian, Shadi Ghadirian, Babak Golkar, Shilpa Gupta, Ghasem Hajizadeh, Shamsia Hassani, Sahand Hesamiyan, Sitara Ibrahimova, Pouran Jinchi, Amar Kanwar, Babak Kazemi, Ryas Komu, Ahmad Morshedloo, Farhad Moshiri, Mehrdad Mohebali, Huma Mulji, Azad Nanakeli, Jamal Penjweny, Imran Qureshi, Sara Rahbar, Rashid Rana, T.V. Santhosh, Walid Siti, Mohsen Taasha Wahidi, Mitra Tabrizian, Parviz Tanavoli, Newsha Tavakolian, Sadegh Tirafkan, Hema Upadhyay, Saira Wasim
Commissioner: Majid Mollanooruzi. Deputy Commissioners: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Curators: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Venue: Calle San Giovanni 1074/B, Cannaregio
IRAQ
Commissioner: Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture in Iraq (RUYA). Deputy Commissioner: Nuova Icona - Associazione Culturale per le Arti. Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren. Venue: Ca' Dandolo, San Polo 2879
IRELAND
Adventure: Capital
Sean Lynch
Commissioner: Mike Fitzpatrick. Curator: Woodrow Kernohan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
ISRAEL
Tsibi Geva | Archeology of the Present
Tsibi Geva
Commissioner: Arad Turgem, Michael Gov. Curator: Hadas Maor. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ITALY
Ministero dei Beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo - Direzione Generale Arte e Architettura Contemporanee e Periferie Urbane. Commissioner: Federica Galloni. Curator: Vincenzo Trione. Venue: Padiglione Italia, Tese delle Vergini at Arsenale
JAPAN
The Key in the Hand
Chiharu Shiota
Commissioner: The Japan Foundation. Deputy Commissioner: Yukihiro Ohira, Manako Kawata and Haruka Nakajima. Curator: Hitoshi Nakano. Venue : Pavilion at Giardini
KENYA
Creating Identities
Yvonne Apiyo Braendle-Amolo, Qin Feng, Shi Jinsong, Armando Tanzini, Li Zhanyang, Lan Zheng Hui, Li Gang, Double Fly Art Center
Commissioner: Paola Poponi. Curator: Sandro Orlandi Stagl. Deputy Curator: Ding Xuefeng. Venue: San Servolo Island
KOREA, Republic of
The Ways of Folding Space & Flying
MOON Kyungwon & JEON Joonho
Commissioner: Sook-Kyung Lee. Curator: Sook-Kyung Lee. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
KOSOVO, Republic of
Speculating on the blue
Flaka Haliti
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. Curator: Nicolaus Schafhausen. Deputy Curator: Katharina Schendl. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
LATVIA
Armpit
Katrina Neiburga, Andris Eglitis
Commissioner: Solvita Krese (Latvian Centre for Contemporary Art). Deputy Commissioner: Kitija Vasiljeva. Curator: Kaspars Vanags. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
LITHUANIA
Museum
Dainius Liškevicius
Commissioner: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Deputy Commissioner: Rasa Antanaviciute. Curator: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Venue: Palazzo Zenobio, Fondamenta del Soccorso 2569, Dorsoduro
LUXEMBOURG, Grand Duchy of
Paradiso Lussemburgo
Filip Markiewicz
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: MUDAM Luxembourg. Curator: Paul Ardenne. Venue: Cà Del Duca, Corte del Duca Sforza, San Marco 3052
MACEDONIA, Former Yugoslavian Republic of
We are all in this alone
Hristina Ivanoska and Yane Calovski
Commissioner: Maja Nedelkoska Brzanova, National Gallery of Macedonia. Deputy Commissioner: Olivija Stoilkova. Curator: Basak Senova. Deputy Curator: Maja Cankulovska Mihajlovska. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Sale d’Armi
MAURITIUS *
From One Citizen You Gather an Idea
Sultana Haukim, Nirmal Hurry, Alix Le Juge, Olga Jürgenson, Helge Leiberg, Krishna Luchoomun, Neermala Luckeenarain, Kavinash Thomoo, Bik Van Der Pol, Laure Prouvost, Vitaly Pushnitsky, Römer + Römer
Commissioner: pARTage. Curators: Alfredo Cramerotti, Olga Jürgenson. Venue: Palazzo Flangini - Canareggio 252
MEXICO
Possesing Nature
Tania Candiani, Luis Felipe Ortega
Commissioner: Tomaso Radaelli. Deputy Commissioner: Magdalena Zavala Bonachea. Curator: Karla Jasso. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
MONGOLIA *
Other Home
Enkhbold Togmidshiirev, Unen Enkh
Commissioner: Gantuya Badamgarav, MCASA. Curator: Uranchimeg Tsultemin. Scientific Committee: David A Ross, Boldbaatar Chultemin. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
MONTENEGRO
,,Ti ricordi Sjecaš li se You Remember "
Aleksandar Duravcevic
Commissioner/Curator: Anastazija Miranovic. Deputy Commissioner: Danica Bogojevic. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero (piano terra), San Marco 3078-3079/A, Ramo Malipiero
MOZAMBIQUE, Republic of *
Theme: Coexistence of Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Mozambique
Mozambique Artists
Commissioner: Joel Matias Libombo. Deputy Commissioner: Gilberto Paulino Cossa. Curator: Comissariado-Geral para a Expo Milano 2015. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
NETHERLANDS, The
herman de vries - to be all ways to be
herman de vries
Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund. Curators: Colin Huizing, Cees de Boer. Venue: Pavilion ar Giardini
NEW ZEALAND
Secret Power
Simon Denny
Commissioner: Heather Galbraith. Curator: Robert Leonard. Venue: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Marco Polo Airport
NORDIC PAVILION (NORWAY)
Camille Norment
Commissioner: OCA, Office for Contemporary Art Norway. Curator: Katya García-Antón. Deputy Curator: Antonio Cataldo. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PERU
Misplaced Ruins
Gilda Mantilla and Raimond Chaves
Commissioner: Armando Andrade de Lucio. Curator: Max Hernández-Calvo. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
PHILIPPINES
Tie a String Around the World
Manuel Conde, Carlos Francisco, Manny Montelibano, Jose Tence Ruiz
Commissioner: National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), Felipe M. de Leon Jr. Curator: Patrick D. Flores. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
POLAND
Halka/Haiti. 18°48’05”N 72°23’01”W
C.T. Jasper, Joanna Malinowska
Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska. Deputy Commissioner: Joanna Wasko. Curator: Magdalena Moskalewicz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PORTUGAL
I Will Be Your Mirror / poems and problems
João Louro
Commissioner/Curator: María de Corral. Venue: Palazzo Loredan, campo S. Stefano
ROMANIA
Adrian Ghenie: Darwin’s Room
Adrian Ghenie
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Mihai Pop. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
Inventing the Truth. On Fiction and Reality
Michele Bressan, Carmen Dobre-Hametner, Alex Mirutziu, Lea Rasovszky, Stefan Sava, Larisa Sitar
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Diana Marincu. Deputy Curators: Ephemair Association (Suzana Dan and Silvia Rogozea). Venue: New Gallery of the Romanian Institute for Culture and Humanistic Research in Venice
RUSSIA
The Green Pavilion
Irina Nakhova
Commissioner: Stella Kesaeva. Curator: Margarita Tupitsyn. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SERBIA
United Dead Nations
Ivan Grubanov
Commissioner: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Commissioner: Ana Bogdanovic. Curator: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Curator: Ana Bogdanovic. Scientific Committee: Jovan Despotovic. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SAN MARINO
Repubblica di San Marino “ Friendship Project “ China
Xu De Qi, Liu Dawei, Liu Ruo Wang, Ma Yuan, Li Lei, Zhang Hong Mei, Eleonora Mazza, Giuliano Giulianelli, Giancarlo Frisoni, Tony Margiotta, Elisa Monaldi, Valentina Pazzini
Commissioner: Istituti Culturali della Repubblica di San Marino. Curator: Vincenzo Sanfo. Venue: TBC
SEYCHELLES, Republic of *
A Clockwork Sunset
George Camille, Léon Wilma Loïs Radegonde
Commissioner: Seychelles Art Projects Foundation. Curators: Sarah J. McDonald, Victor Schaub Wong. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
SINGAPORE
Sea State
Charles Lim Yi Yong
Commissioner: Paul Tan, National Arts Council, Singapore. Curator: Shabbir Hussain Mustafa. Scientific Committee: Eugene Tan, Kathy Lai, Ahmad Bin Mashadi, June Yap, Emi Eu, Susie Lingham, Charles Merewether, Randy Chan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
SLOVENIA, Republic of
UTTER / The violent necessity for the embodied presence of hope
JAŠA
Commissioner: Simona Vidmar. Deputy Commissioner: Jure Kirbiš. Curators: Michele Drascek and Aurora Fonda. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
SPAIN
Los Sujetos (The Subjects)
Pepo Salazar, Cabello/Carceller, Francesc Ruiz, + Salvador Dalí
Commissioner: Ministerio Asuntos Exteriores. Gobierno de España. Curator: Marti Manen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Origini della civiltà
Narine Ali, Ehsan Alar, Felipe Cardeña, Fouad Dahdouh, Aldo Damioli, Svitlana Grebenyuk, Mauro Reggio, Liu Shuishi, Nass ouh Zaghlouleh, Andrea Zucchi, Helidon Xhixha
Commissioner: Christian Maretti. Curator: Duccio Trombadori. Venue: Redentore – Giudecca, San Servolo Island
SWEDEN
Excavation of the Image: Imprint, Shadow, Spectre, Thought
Lina Selander
Commissioner: Ann-Sofi Noring. Curator: Lena Essling. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
SWITZERLAND
Our Product
Pamela Rosenkranz
Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki. Deputy-Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Rachele Giudici Legittimo. Curator: Susanne Pfeffer. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
THAILAND
Earth, Air, Fire & Water
Kamol Tassananchalee
Commissioner: Chai Nakhonchai, Office of Contemporary Art and Culture (OCAC), Ministry of Culture. Curator: Richard David Garst. Deputy Curator: Pongdej Chaiyakut. Venue: Paradiso Gallerie, Giardini della Biennale, Castello 1260
TURKEY
Respiro
Sarkis
Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts. Curator: Defne Ayas. Deputy Curator: Ozge Ersoy. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
TUVALU
Crossing the Tide
Vincent J.F. Huang
Commissioner: Taukelina Finikaso. Deputy Commissioner: Temate Melitiana. Curator: Thomas J. Berghuis. Scientific Committee: Andrea Bonifacio. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
UKRAINE
Hope!
Yevgenia Belorusets, Nikita Kadan, Zhanna Kadyrova, Mykola Ridnyi & SerhiyZhadan, Anna Zvyagintseva, Open Group, Artem Volokitin
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Björn Geldhof. Venue: Riva dei Sette Martiri
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
1980 – Today: Exhibitions in the United Arab Emirates
Abdullah Al Saadi, Abdul Qader Al Rais, Abdulraheem Salim, Abdulrahman Zainal, Ahmed Al Ansari, Ahmed Sharif, Hassan Sharif, Mohamed Yousif, Mohammed Abdullah Bulhiah, Mohammed Al Qassab, Mohammed Kazem, Moosa Al Halyan, Najat Meky, Obaid Suroor, Salem Jawhar
Commissioner: Salama bint Hamdan Al Nahyan Foundation. Curator: Hoor Al Qasimi. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d'Armi
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Joan Jonas: They Come to Us Without a Word
Joan Jonas
Commissioner: Paul C. Ha. Deputy Commissioner: MIT List Visual Arts Center. Curators: Ute Meta Bauer, Paul C. Ha. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
URUGUAY
Global Myopia II (Pencil & Paper)
Marco Maggi
Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale. Curator: Patricia Bentancour. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
VENEZUELA, Bolivarian Republic of
Te doy mi palabra (I give you my word)
Argelia Bravo, Félix Molina (Flix)
Commissioner: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Commissioner: Reinaldo Landaeta Díaz. Curator: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Curator: Morella Jurado. Scientific Committee: Carlos Pou Ruan. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ZIMBABWE, Republic of
Pixels of Ubuntu/Unhu: - Exploring the social and cultural identities of the 21st century.
Chikonzero Chazunguza, Masimba Hwati, Gareth Nyandoro
Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda. Curator: Raphael Chikukwa. Deputy Curator: Tafadzwa Gwetai. Scientific Committee: Saki Mafundikwa, Biggie Samwanda, Fabian Kangai, Reverend Paul Damasane, Nontsikelelo Mutiti, Stephen Garan'anga, Dominic Benhura. Venue: Santa Maria della Pieta
ITALO-LATIN AMERICAN INSTITUTE
Voces Indígenas
Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal. Curator: Alfons Hug. Deputy Curator: Alberto Saraiva. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ARGENTINA
Sofia Medici and Laura Kalauz
PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA
Sonia Falcone and José Laura Yapita
BRAZIL
Adriana Barreto
Paulo Nazareth
CHILE
Rainer Krause
COLOMBIA
León David Cobo,
María Cristina Rincón and Claudia Rodríguez
COSTA RICA
Priscilla Monge
ECUADOR
Fabiano Kueva
EL SALVADOR
Mauricio Kabistan
GUATEMALA
Sandra Monterroso
HAITI
Barbara Prézeau Stephenson
HONDURAS
Leonardo González
PANAMA
Humberto Vélez
NICARAGUA
Raúl Quintanilla
PARAGUAY
Erika Meza
Javier López
PERU
José Huamán Turpo
URUGUAY
Gustavo Tabares
Ellen Slegers
001 Inverso Mundus. AES+F
Magazzino del Sale n. 5, Dorsoduro, 265 (Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Saloni); Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 31st
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
Catalonia in Venice: Singularity
Cantieri Navali, Castello, 40 (Calle Quintavalle)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Institut Ramon Llull
venezia2015.llull.cat
Conversion. Recycle Group
Chiesa di Sant’Antonin, Castello (Campo Sant’Antonin)
May 6th - October 31st
Organization: Moscow Museum of Modern Art
Dansaekhwa
Palazzo Contarini-Polignac, Dorsoduro, 874 (Accademia)
May 7th – August 15th
Organization: The Boghossian Foundation
Dispossession
Palazzo Donà Brusa, Campo San Polo, 2177
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: European Capital of Culture Wroclaw 2016
wroclaw2016.pl/biennale/
EM15 presents Doug Fishbone’s Leisure Land Golf
Arsenale Docks, Castello, 40A, 40B, 41C
May 6th - July 26th
Organization: EM15
Eredità e Sperimentazione
Grand Hotel Hungaria & Ausonia, Viale Santa Maria Elisabetta, 28, Lido di Venezia
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Istituto Nazionale di BioArchitettura - Sezione di Padova
Frontiers Reimagined
Palazzo Grimani, Castello, 4858 (Ramo Grimani)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Tagore Foundation International; Polo museale del Veneto
Glasstress 2015 Gotika
Istituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere ed Arti, Palazzo Cavalli Franchetti, San Marco, 2847 (Campo Santo Stefano); Chiesa di Santa Maria della Visitazione, Centro Culturale Don Orione Artigianelli, Dorsoduro, 919 (Zattere); Fondazione Berengo, Campiello della Pescheria, 15, Murano;
May 9th — November 22nd
Organization: The State Hermitage Museum
Graham Fagen: Scotland + Venice 2015
Palazzo Fontana, Cannaregio, 3829 (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Scotland + Venice
Grisha Bruskin. An Archaeologist’s Collection
Former Chiesa di Santa Caterina, Cannaregio, 4941-4942
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Centro Studi sulle Arti della Russia (CSAR), Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
Helen Sear, ... The Rest Is Smoke
Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Castello, 450 (Fondamenta San Gioacchin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Cymru yn Fenis/Wales in Venice
Highway to Hell
Palazzo Michiel, Cannaregio, 4391/A (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Hubei Museum of Art
Humanistic Nature and Society (Shan-Shui) – An Insight into the Future
Palazzo Faccanon, San Marco, 5016 (Mercerie)
May 7th – August 4th
Organization: Shanghai Himalayas Museum
In the Eye of the Thunderstorm: Effervescent Practices from the Arab World & South Asia
Dorsoduro, 417 (Zattere)
May 6th - November 15th
Organization: ArsCulture
Italia Docet | Laboratorium- Artists, Participants, Testimonials and Activated Spectators
Palazzo Barbarigo Minotto, San Marco, 2504 (Fondamenta Duodo o Barbarigo)
May 9th – June 30th; September 11st – October 31st
Organization: Italian Art Motherboard Foundation (i-AM Foundation)
www.venicebiennale-italiadocet.org
Jaume Plensa: Together
Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore, Isola di San Giorgio Maggiore
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Abbazia di San Giorgio Maggiore Benedicti Claustra Onlus
Jenny Holzer "War Paintings"
Museo Correr, San Marco, 52 (Piazza San Marco)
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: The Written Art Foundation; Museo Correr, Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia
correr.visitmuve.it
Jump into the Unknown
Palazzo Loredan dell’Ambasciatore, Dorsoduro, 1261-1262
May 9th – June 18th
Organization: Nine Dragon Heads
9dh-venice.com
Learn from Masters
Palazzo Bembo, San Marco, 4793 (Riva del Carbon)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Pan Tianshou Foundation
pantianshou.caa.edu.cn/foundation_en
My East is Your West
Palazzo Benzon, San Marco, 3927
May 6th – October 31st
Organization: The Gujral Foundation
Ornamentalism. The Purvitis Prize
Arsenale Nord, Tesa 99
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Secretariat of the Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2015
www.purvisabalva.lv/en/ornamentalism
Path and Adventure
Arsenale, Castello, 2126/A (Campo della Tana)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau; The Macao Museum of Art; The Cultural Affairs Bureau
Patricia Cronin: Shrine for Girls, Venice
Chiesa di San Gallo, San Marco, 1103 (Campo San Gallo)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Brooklyn Rail Curatorial Projects
curatorialprojects.brooklynrail.org
Roberto Sebastian Matta. Sculture
Giardino di Palazzo Soranzo Cappello, Soprintendenza BAP per le Province di Venezia, Belluno, Padova e Treviso, Santa Croce, 770 (Fondamenta Rio Marin)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Echaurren Salaris
www.fondazioneechaurrensalaris.it
www.maggioregam.com/56Biennale_Matta
Salon Suisse: S.O.S. Dada - The World Is A Mess
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
May 9th; June 4th - 6th; September 10th - 12th; October 15th - 17th; November 19th – 21st
Organization: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia
Sean Scully: Land Sea
Palazzo Falier, San Marco, 2906
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Volume!
Sepphoris. Alessandro Valeri
Molino Stucky, interior atrium, Giudecca, 812
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Assessorato alla Cultura del Comune di Narni(TR); a Sidereal Space of Art; Satellite Berlin
Tesla Revisited
Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 18th
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
The Bridges of Graffiti
Arterminal c/o Terminal San Basilio, Dorsoduro (Fondamenta Zattere al Ponte Lungo)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Associazione Culturale Inossidabile
The Dialogue of Fire. Ceramic and Glass Masters from Barcelona to Venice
Palazzo Tiepolo Passi, San Polo, 2774
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization: Fundaciò Artigas; ArsCulture
The Question of Beings
Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello, 3701
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei (MoCA, Taipei)
The Revenge of the Common Place
Università Ca' Foscari, Ca' Bernardo, Dorsoduro, 3199 (Calle Bernardo)
May 9th – September 30th
Organization: Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels-VUB)
The Silver Lining. Contemporary Art from Liechtenstein and other Microstates
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
October 24th – November 1st
Organization: Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein
The Sound of Creation. Paintings + Music by Beezy Bailey and Brian Eno
Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello, Palazzo Pisani, San Marco, 2810 (Campo Santo Stefano)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: ArsCulture
The Union of Fire and Water
Palazzo Barbaro, San Marco, 2840
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: YARAT Contemporary Art Organisation
Thirty Light Years - Theatre of Chinese Art
Palazzo Rossini, San Marco, 4013 (Campo Manin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: GAC Global Art Center Foundation; The Guangdong Museum of Art
Tsang Kin-Wah: The Infinite Nothing, Hong Kong in Venice
Arsenale, Castello, 2126 (Campo della Tana)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: M+, West Kowloon Cultural District; Hong Kong Arts Development Council
Under the Surface, Newfoundland and Labrador at Venice
Galleria Ca' Rezzonico, Dorsoduro, 2793
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Terra Nova Art Foundation
tnaf.ca
Ursula von Rydingsvard
Giardino della Marinaressa, Castello (Riva dei Sette Martiri)
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization:Yorkshire Sculpture Park
We Must Risk Delight: Twenty Artists from Los Angeles
Magazzino del Sale n. 3, Dorsoduro, 264 (Zattere)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: bardoLA
Wu Tien-Chang: Never Say Goodbye
Palazzo delle Prigioni, Castello, 4209 (San Marco)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Taipei Fine Arts Museum of Taiwan
- Western Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio rutulus
Equipment:
- SIGMA 150-600mm: f/5-6.3 Contemporary
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ONE OF THE WAY TO TRAIN THE "THE AWARENESS MUSCLE
is the critical run
and other emergency art format
CRITICAL RUN / Debate Format
Critical Run is an Art Format created by Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel
debate while running .
Debate and Run together,Now,before it is too late.
www.emergencyroomscanvas todo .org/criticalrun.html
The Art Format Critical Run has been activated in 30 differents countries with 120 different burning debates
New York,Cairo,London,Istanbul,Athens,Hanoi,Paris,Munich,Amsterdam Siberia,Copenhagen,Johanesburg,Moskow,Napoli,Sydney,
Wroclaw,Bruxelles,Rotterdam,Barcelona,Venice,Virginia,Stockholm,Århus,Kassel,Lyon,Trondheim, Berlin ,Toronto,Hannover ...
CRITICAL RUN happened on invitation from institution like Moma/PS1, Moderna Muset Stockholm ,Witte de With Rotterdam,ZKM Karlsruhe,Liverpool Biennale;Sprengel Museum etc..or have just happened on the spot because
a debate was necessary here and now.
In 2020 the Energy Room was an installation of 40 Critical Run at Museum Villa Stuck /Munich
part of Colonel solo show : The Awareness Muscle Training Center
----
Interesting publication for researches on running and art
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
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------------about Venice Biennale history from wikipedia ---------
curators previous
* 1948 – Rodolfo Pallucchini
* 1966 – Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua
* 1968 – Maurizio Calvesi and Guido Ballo
* 1970 – Umbro Apollonio
* 1972 – Mario Penelope
* 1974 – Vittorio Gregotti
* 1978 – Luigi Scarpa
* 1980 – Luigi Carluccio
* 1982 – Sisto Dalla Palma
* 1984 – Maurizio Calvesi
* 1986 – Maurizio Calvesi
* 1988 – Giovanni Carandente
* 1990 – Giovanni Carandente
* 1993 – Achille Bonito Oliva
* 1995 – Jean Clair
* 1997 – Germano Celant
* 1999 – Harald Szeemann
* 2001 – Harald Szeemann
* 2003 – Francesco Bonami
* 2005 – María de Corral and Rosa Martinez
* 2007 – Robert Storr
* 2009 – Daniel Birnbaum
* 2011 – Bice Curiger
* 2013 – Massimiliano Gioni
* 2015 – Okwui Enwezor
* 2017 – Christine Macel[19]
* 2019 – Ralph Rugoff[20]
----------
#art #artist #artistic #artists #arte #artwork
Pavilion at the Venice Biennale #artcontemporain contemporary art Giardini arsenal
venice Veneziako VenecijaVenècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia VenedigΒενετία( Venetía Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Veneza VenețiaVenetsiya BenátkyBenetke Venecia Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya
art umjetnost umění kunst taide τέχνη művészetList ealaín arte māksla menasarti Kunst sztuka artă umenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미술(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist
other Biennale :(Biennials ) :
Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale .Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art ,DOCUMENTA KASSEL ATHENS
* Dakar
kritik [edit] kritikaria kritičar crític kritiker criticus kriitik kriitikko critique crítico Kritiker κριτικός(kritikós) kritikus Gagnrýnandi léirmheastóir critico kritiķis kritikas kritiku krytyk crítico critic crítico krytyk beirniad קריטיקער
Basque Veneziako Venecija [edit] Catalan Venècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia Venedig Βενετία(Venetía) Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Latvian Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Portuguese Veneza Veneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Venecia Fenis וועניס Վենետիկ ভেনিস 威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 Georgian ვენეციის વેનિસ वेनिस ヴェネツィア ವೆನಿಸ್ 베니스 வெனிஸ் వెనిస్ เวนิซ وینس Venetsiya
Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel
#thierrygeoffroy #geoffroycolonel #thierrygeoffroycololonel #lecolonel #biennalist
#artformat #formatart
#emergencyart #urgencyart #urgentart #artofthenow #nowart
emergency art emergency art urgency artist de garde vagt alarm emergency room necessityart artistrole exigencyart predicament prediction pressureart
#InstitutionalCritique
#venicebiennale #venicebiennale2017 #venicebiennale2015
#venicebiennale2019
#venice #biennale #venicebiennale #venezia #italy
#venezia #venice #veniceitaly #venicebiennale
#pastlife #memory #venicebiennale #venice #Venezia #italy #hotelveniceitalia #artexhibit #artshow #internationalart #contemporaryart #themundane #summerday
#biennalevenice
Institutional Critique
Identity Politics Post-War Consumerism, Engagement with Mass Media, Performance Art, The Body, Film/Video, Political, Collage, , Cultural Commentary, Self as Subject, Color Photography, Related to Fashion, Digital Culture, Photography, Human Figure, Technology
Racial and Ethnic Identity, Neo-Conceptualism, Diaristic
Contemporary Re-creations, Popular Culture, Appropriation, Contemporary Sculpture,
Culture, Collective History, Group of Portraits, Photographic Source
, Endurance Art, Film/Video,, Conceptual Art and Contemporary Conceptualism, Color Photography, Human Figure, Cultural Commentary
War and Military, Political Figures, Social Action, Racial and Ethnic Identity, Conflict
Personal Histories, Alter Egos and Avatars
Use of Common Materials, Found Objects, Related to Literature, Installation, Mixed-Media, Engagement with Mass Media, Collage,, Outdoor Art, Work on Paper, Text
Appropriation (art) Art intervention Classificatory disputes about art Conceptual art Environmental sculpture Found object Interactive art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Performance art Sound art Sound installation Street installations Video installation Conceptual art Art movements Postmodern art Contemporary art Art media Aesthetics Conceptualism
Post-conceptualism Anti-anti-art Body art Conceptual architecture Contemporary art Experiments in Art and Technology Found object Happening Fluxus Information art Installation art Intermedia Land art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Net art Postmodern art Generative Art Street installation Systems art Video art Visual arts ART/MEDIA conceptual artis
—-
CRITICAL RUN is an art format developed by Thierry Geoffroy / COLONEL, It follows the spirit of ULTRACONTEMPORARY and EMERGENCY ART as well as aims to train the AWARENESS MUSCLE.
Critical Run has been activated on invitation from institutions such as Moderna Muset Stockholm, Moma PS1 ,Witte de With Rotterdam, ZKM Karlsruhe, Liverpool Biennale, Manifesta Biennial ,Sprengel Museum,Venice Biennale but have also just happened on the spot because a debate was necessary here and now.
It has been activated in Beijing, Cairo, London, Istanbul, Athens, Kassel, Sao Paolo, Hanoi, Istanbul, Paris, Copenhagen, Moskow, Napoli, Sydney, Wroclaw, Bruxelles, Rotterdam, Siberia, Karlsruhe, Barcelona, Aalborg, Venice, Virginia, Stockholm, Aarhus, Rio de Janeiro, Budapest, Washington, Lyon, Caracas, Trondheim, Berlin, Toronto, Hannover, Haage, Newtown, Cartagena, Tallinn, Herning, Roskilde;Mannheim ;Munich etc...
The run debates are about emergency topics like Climate Change , Xenophobia , Wars , Hyppocrisie , Apathy ,etc ...
Participants have been very various from Sweddish art critics , German police , American climate activist , Chinese Gallerists , Brasilian students , etc ...
Critical Run is an art format , like Emergency Room or Biennalist and is part of Emergency Art ULTRACONTEMPORARY and AWARENESS MUSCLE .
www.emergencyrooms.org/criticalrun.html
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
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In 2020 a large exhibition will show 40 of the Critical Run at the Museum Villa Stuck in Munich / part of the Awareness Muscle Training Center
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for activating the format or for inviting the installation
please contact 1@colonel.dk
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critical,run,art,format,debate ,artformat,formatart,moment,clarity,emergency,kunst,
Sport,effort,curator,artist,urgency,urgence,criticalrun,emergencies,ultracontemporary
,rundebate,sport,art,activism, critic,laufen,Thierry Geoffroy , Colonel,kunstformat
,now art,copenhagen,denmark
ONE OF THE WAY TO TRAIN THE "THE AWARENESS MUSCLE
is the critical run
and other emergency art format
CRITICAL RUN / Debate Format
Critical Run is an Art Format created by Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel
debate while running .
Debate and Run together,Now,before it is too late.
www.emergencyroomscanvas todo .org/criticalrun.html
The Art Format Critical Run has been activated in 30 differents countries with 120 different burning debates
New York,Cairo,London,Istanbul,Athens,Hanoi,Paris,Munich,Amsterdam Siberia,Copenhagen,Johanesburg,Moskow,Napoli,Sydney,
Wroclaw,Bruxelles,Rotterdam,Barcelona,Venice,Virginia,Stockholm,Århus,Kassel,Lyon,Trondheim, Berlin ,Toronto,Hannover ...
CRITICAL RUN happened on invitation from institution like Moma/PS1, Moderna Muset Stockholm ,Witte de With Rotterdam,ZKM Karlsruhe,Liverpool Biennale;Sprengel Museum etc..or have just happened on the spot because
a debate was necessary here and now.
In 2020 the Energy Room was an installation of 40 Critical Run at Museum Villa Stuck /Munich
part of Colonel solo show : The Awareness Muscle Training Center
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Interesting publication for researches on running and art
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
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------------about Venice Biennale history from wikipedia ---------
curators previous
* 1948 – Rodolfo Pallucchini
* 1966 – Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua
* 1968 – Maurizio Calvesi and Guido Ballo
* 1970 – Umbro Apollonio
* 1972 – Mario Penelope
* 1974 – Vittorio Gregotti
* 1978 – Luigi Scarpa
* 1980 – Luigi Carluccio
* 1982 – Sisto Dalla Palma
* 1984 – Maurizio Calvesi
* 1986 – Maurizio Calvesi
* 1988 – Giovanni Carandente
* 1990 – Giovanni Carandente
* 1993 – Achille Bonito Oliva
* 1995 – Jean Clair
* 1997 – Germano Celant
* 1999 – Harald Szeemann
* 2001 – Harald Szeemann
* 2003 – Francesco Bonami
* 2005 – María de Corral and Rosa Martinez
* 2007 – Robert Storr
* 2009 – Daniel Birnbaum
* 2011 – Bice Curiger
* 2013 – Massimiliano Gioni
* 2015 – Okwui Enwezor
* 2017 – Christine Macel[19]
* 2019 – Ralph Rugoff[20]
----------
#art #artist #artistic #artists #arte #artwork
Pavilion at the Venice Biennale #artcontemporain contemporary art Giardini arsenal
venice Veneziako VenecijaVenècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia VenedigΒενετία( Venetía Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Veneza VenețiaVenetsiya BenátkyBenetke Venecia Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya
art umjetnost umění kunst taide τέχνη művészetList ealaín arte māksla menasarti Kunst sztuka artă umenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미술(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist
other Biennale :(Biennials ) :
Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale .Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art ,DOCUMENTA KASSEL ATHENS
* Dakar
kritik [edit] kritikaria kritičar crític kritiker criticus kriitik kriitikko critique crítico Kritiker κριτικός(kritikós) kritikus Gagnrýnandi léirmheastóir critico kritiķis kritikas kritiku krytyk crítico critic crítico krytyk beirniad קריטיקער
Basque Veneziako Venecija [edit] Catalan Venècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia Venedig Βενετία(Venetía) Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Latvian Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Portuguese Veneza Veneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Venecia Fenis וועניס Վենետիկ ভেনিস 威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 Georgian ვენეციის વેનિસ वेनिस ヴェネツィア ವೆನಿಸ್ 베니스 வெனிஸ் వెనిస్ เวนิซ وینس Venetsiya
Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel
#thierrygeoffroy #geoffroycolonel #thierrygeoffroycololonel #lecolonel #biennalist
#artformat #formatart
#emergencyart #urgencyart #urgentart #artofthenow #nowart
emergency art emergency art urgency artist de garde vagt alarm emergency room necessityart artistrole exigencyart predicament prediction pressureart
#InstitutionalCritique
#venicebiennale #venicebiennale2017 #venicebiennale2015
#venicebiennale2019
#venice #biennale #venicebiennale #venezia #italy
#venezia #venice #veniceitaly #venicebiennale
#pastlife #memory #venicebiennale #venice #Venezia #italy #hotelveniceitalia #artexhibit #artshow #internationalart #contemporaryart #themundane #summerday
#biennalevenice
Institutional Critique
Identity Politics Post-War Consumerism, Engagement with Mass Media, Performance Art, The Body, Film/Video, Political, Collage, , Cultural Commentary, Self as Subject, Color Photography, Related to Fashion, Digital Culture, Photography, Human Figure, Technology
Racial and Ethnic Identity, Neo-Conceptualism, Diaristic
Contemporary Re-creations, Popular Culture, Appropriation, Contemporary Sculpture,
Culture, Collective History, Group of Portraits, Photographic Source
, Endurance Art, Film/Video,, Conceptual Art and Contemporary Conceptualism, Color Photography, Human Figure, Cultural Commentary
War and Military, Political Figures, Social Action, Racial and Ethnic Identity, Conflict
Personal Histories, Alter Egos and Avatars
Use of Common Materials, Found Objects, Related to Literature, Installation, Mixed-Media, Engagement with Mass Media, Collage,, Outdoor Art, Work on Paper, Text
Appropriation (art) Art intervention Classificatory disputes about art Conceptual art Environmental sculpture Found object Interactive art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Performance art Sound art Sound installation Street installations Video installation Conceptual art Art movements Postmodern art Contemporary art Art media Aesthetics Conceptualism
Post-conceptualism Anti-anti-art Body art Conceptual architecture Contemporary art Experiments in Art and Technology Found object Happening Fluxus Information art Installation art Intermedia Land art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Net art Postmodern art Generative Art Street installation Systems art Video art Visual arts ART/MEDIA conceptual artis
—-
CRITICAL RUN is an art format developed by Thierry Geoffroy / COLONEL, It follows the spirit of ULTRACONTEMPORARY and EMERGENCY ART as well as aims to train the AWARENESS MUSCLE.
Critical Run has been activated on invitation from institutions such as Moderna Muset Stockholm, Moma PS1 ,Witte de With Rotterdam, ZKM Karlsruhe, Liverpool Biennale, Manifesta Biennial ,Sprengel Museum,Venice Biennale but have also just happened on the spot because a debate was necessary here and now.
It has been activated in Beijing, Cairo, London, Istanbul, Athens, Kassel, Sao Paolo, Hanoi, Istanbul, Paris, Copenhagen, Moskow, Napoli, Sydney, Wroclaw, Bruxelles, Rotterdam, Siberia, Karlsruhe, Barcelona, Aalborg, Venice, Virginia, Stockholm, Aarhus, Rio de Janeiro, Budapest, Washington, Lyon, Caracas, Trondheim, Berlin, Toronto, Hannover, Haage, Newtown, Cartagena, Tallinn, Herning, Roskilde;Mannheim ;Munich etc...
The run debates are about emergency topics like Climate Change , Xenophobia , Wars , Hyppocrisie , Apathy ,etc ...
Participants have been very various from Sweddish art critics , German police , American climate activist , Chinese Gallerists , Brasilian students , etc ...
Critical Run is an art format , like Emergency Room or Biennalist and is part of Emergency Art ULTRACONTEMPORARY and AWARENESS MUSCLE .
www.emergencyrooms.org/criticalrun.html
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
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In 2020 a large exhibition will show 40 of the Critical Run at the Museum Villa Stuck in Munich / part of the Awareness Muscle Training Center
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for activating the format or for inviting the installation
please contact 1@colonel.dk
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critical,run,art,format,debate ,artformat,formatart,moment,clarity,emergency,kunst,
Sport,effort,curator,artist,urgency,urgence,criticalrun,emergencies,ultracontemporary
,rundebate,sport,art,activism, critic,laufen,Thierry Geoffroy , Colonel,kunstformat
,now art,copenhagen,denmark
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ALBANIA
Albanian Trilogy: A Series of Devious Stratagems
Armando Lulaj
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marco Scotini. Deputy Curator: Andris Brinkmanis. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ANDORRA
Inner Landscapes
Roqué, Joan Xandri
Commissioner: Henry Périer. Deputy Commissioner: Joana Baygual, Sebastià Petit, Francesc Rodríguez
Curator: Paolo de Grandis, Josep M. Ubach. Venue: Spiazzi, Castello 3865
ANGOLA
On Ways of Travelling
António Ole, Binelde Hyrcan, Délio Jasse, Francisco Vidal, Nelo Teixeira
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Rita Guedes Tavares. Curator: António Ole. Deputy Curator: Antonia Gaeta. Venue: Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello - Palazzo Pisani, San Marco 2810
ARGENTINA
The Uprising of Form
Juan Carlos Diste´fano
Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace. Curator: Mari´a Teresa Constantin. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
ARMENIA, Republic of
Armenity / Haiyutioun
Haig Aivazian, Lebanon; Nigol Bezjian, Syria/USA; Anna Boghiguian Egypt/Canada; Hera Büyüktasçiyan, Turkey; Silvina Der-Meguerditchian, Argentina/Germany; Rene Gabri & Ayreen Anastas, Iran/Palestine/USA; Mekhitar Garabedian, Belgium; Aikaterini Gegisian, Greece; Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Italy; Aram Jibilian, USA; Nina Katchadourian, USA/Finland; Melik Ohanian, France; Mikayel Ohanjanyan, Armenia/Italy; Rosana Palazyan, Brazil; Sarkis, Turkey/France; Hrair Sarkissian, Syria/UK
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Armenia. Deputy Commissioner: Art for the World, Mekhitarist Congregation of San Lazzaro Island, Embassy of the Republic of Armenia in Italy, Vartan Karapetian. Curator: Adelina Cüberyan von Fürstenberg. Venue: Monastery and Island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni
AUSTRALIA
Fiona Hall: Wrong Way Time
Fiona Hall
Commissioner: Simon Mordant AM. Deputy Commissioner: Charles Green. Curator: Linda Michael. Scientific Committee: Simon Mordant AM, Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Max Delany, Rachel Kent, Danie Mellor, Suhanya Raffel, Leigh Robb. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AUSTRIA
Heimo Zobernig
Commissioner: Yilmaz Dziewior. Curator: Yilmaz Dziewior. Scientific Committee: Friends of the Venice Biennale. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AZERBAIJAN, Republic of
Beyond the Line
Ashraf Murad, Javad Mirjavadov, Tofik Javadov, Rasim Babayev, Fazil Najafov, Huseyn Hagverdi, Shamil Najafzada
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: de Pury de Pury, Emin Mammadov. Venue: Palazzo Lezze, Campo S.Stefano, San Marco 2949
Vita Vitale
Edward Burtynsky, Mircea Cantor, Loris Cecchini, Gordon Cheung, Khalil Chishtee, Tony Cragg, Laura Ford, Noemie Goudal, Siobhán Hapaska, Paul Huxley, IDEA laboratory and Leyla Aliyeva, Chris Jordan with Rebecca Clark and Helena S.Eitel, Tania Kovats, Aida Mahmudova, Sayyora Muin, Jacco Olivier, Julian Opie, Julian Perry, Mike Perry, Bas Princen, Stephanie Quayle, Ugo Rondinone, Graham Stevens, Diana Thater, Andy Warhol, Bill Woodrow, Erwin Wurm, Rose Wylie
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: Artwise: Susie Allen, Laura Culpan, Dea Vanagan. Venue: Ca’ Garzoni, San Marco 3416
BELARUS, Republic of
War Witness Archive
Konstantin Selikhanov
Commissioner: Natallia Sharanhovich. Deputy Commissioners: Alena Vasileuskaya, Kamilia Yanushkevich. Curators: Aleksei Shinkarenko, Olga Rybchinskaya. Scientific Committee: Dmitry Korol, Daria Amelkovich, Julia Kondratyuk, Sergei Jeihala, Sheena Macfarlane, Yuliya Heisik, Hanna Samarskaya, Taras Kaliahin, Aliaksandr Stasevich. Venue: Riva San Biagio, Castello 2145
BELGIUM
Personnes et les autres
Vincent Meessen and Guests, Mathieu K. Abonnenc, Sammy Baloji, James Beckett, Elisabetta Benassi, Patrick Bernier & Olive Martin, Tamar Guimara~es & Kasper Akhøj, Maryam Jafri, Adam Pendleton
Commissioner: Wallonia-Brussels Federation and Wallonia-Brussels International. Curator: Katerina Gregos. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
COSTA RICA
"Costa Rica, Paese di pace, invita a un linguaggio universale d'intesa tra i popoli".
Andrea Prandi, Beatrice Gallori, Beth Parin, Biagio Schembari, Carla Castaldo, Celestina Avanzini, Cesare Berlingeri, Erminio Tansini, Fabio Capitanio, Fausto Beretti, Giovan Battista Pedrazzini, Giovanni Lamberti, Giovanni Tenga, Iana Zanoskar, Jim Prescott, Leonardo Beccegato, Liliana Scocco, Lucia Bolzano, Marcela Vicuna, Marco Bellagamba, Marco Lodola, Maria Gioia dell’Aglio, Mario Bernardinello, Massimo Meucci, Nacha Piattini, Omar Ronda, Renzo Eusebi, Tita Patti, Romina Power, Rubens Fogacci, Silvio di Pietro, Stefano Sichel, Tino Stefanoni, Ufemia Ritz, Ugo Borlenghi, Umberto Mariani, Venere Chillemi, Jacqueline Gallicot Madar, Massimo Onnis, Fedora Spinelli
Commissioner: Ileana Ordonez Chacon. Curator: Gregorio Rossi. Venue: Palazzo Bollani
CROATIA
Studies on Shivering: The Third Degree
Damir Ocko
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marc Bembekoff. Venue: Palazzo Pisani, S. Marina
CUBA
El artista entre la individualidad y el contexto
Lida Abdul, Celia-Yunior, Grethell Rasúa, Giuseppe Stampone, LinYilin, Luis Edgardo Gómez Armenteros, Olga Chernysheva, Susana Pilar Delahante Matienzo
Commissioner: Miria Vicini. Curators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza. Venue: San Servolo Island
CYPRUS, Republic of
Two Days After Forever
Christodoulos Panayiotou
Commissioner: Louli Michaelidou. Deputy Commissioner: Angela Skordi. Curator: Omar Kholeif. Deputy Curator: Daniella Rose King. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, Sestiere San Marco 3079
CZECH Republic and SLOVAK Republic
Apotheosis
Jirí David
Commissioner: Adam Budak. Deputy Commissioner: Barbara Holomkova. Curator: Katarina Rusnakova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ECUADOR
Gold Water: Apocalyptic Black Mirrors
Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla in collaboration with Lucia Vallarino Peet
Commissioner: Andrea Gonzàlez Sanchez. Deputy Commissioner: PDG Arte Communications. Curator: Ileana Cornea. Deputy Curator: Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla. Venue: Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello 3701
ESTONIA
NSFW. From the Abyss of History
Jaanus Samma
Commissioner: Maria Arusoo. Curator: Eugenio Viola. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, campo San Samuele, San Marco 3199
EGYPT
CAN YOU SEE
Ahmed Abdel Fatah, Gamal Elkheshen, Maher Dawoud
Commissioner: Hany Al Ashkar. Curator: Ministry of Culture. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FINLAND (Pavilion Alvar Aalto)
Hours, Years, Aeons
IC-98
Commissioner: Frame Visual Art Finland, Raija Koli. Curator: Taru Elfving. Deputy Curator: Anna Virtanen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FRANCE
revolutions
Céleste Boursier-Mougenot
Commissioner: Institut français, with Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Curator: Emma Lavigne. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GEORGIA
Crawling Border
Rusudan Gobejishvili Khizanishvili, Irakli Bluishvili, Dimitri Chikvaidze, Joseph Sabia
Commissioner: Ana Riaboshenko. Curator: Nia Mgaloblishvili. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
GERMANY
Fabrik
Jasmina Metwaly / Philip Rizk, Olaf Nicolai, Hito Steyerl, Tobias Zielony
Commissioner: ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) on behalf of the Federal Foreign Office. Deputy Commissioner: Elke aus dem Moore, Nina Hülsmeier. Curator: Florian Ebner. Deputy Curator: Tanja Milewsky, Ilina Koralova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GREAT BRITAIN
Sarah Lucas
Commissioner: Emma Dexter. Curator: Richard Riley. Deputy Curator: Katrina Schwarz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GRENADA *
Present Nearness
Oliver Benoit, Maria McClafferty, Asher Mains, Francesco Bosso and Carmine Ciccarini, Guiseppe Linardi
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: Susan Mains. Curator: Susan Mains. Deputy Curator: Francesco Elisei. Venue: Opera don Orione Artigianelli, Sala Tiziano, Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Gesuati, Dorsoduro 919
GREECE
Why Look at Animals? AGRIMIKÁ.
Maria Papadimitriou
Commissioner: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Education and Religious Affairs. Curator: Gabi Scardi. Deputy Curator: Alexios Papazacharias. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
BRAZIL
So much that it doesn't fit here
Antonio Manuel, André Komatsu, Berna Reale
Commissioner: Luis Terepins. Curator: Luiz Camillo Osorio. Deputy Curator: Cauê Alves. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CANADA
Canadassimo
BGL
Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Marc Mayer. Deputy Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Yves Théoret. Curator: Marie Fraser. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CHILE
Poéticas de la disidencia | Poetics of dissent: Paz Errázuriz - Lotty Rosenfeld
Paz Errázuriz, Lotty Rosenfeld
Commissioner: Antonio Arèvalo. Deputy Commissioner: Juan Pablo Vergara Undurraga. Curator: Nelly Richard. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
CHINA, People’s Republic of
Other Future
LIU Jiakun, LU Yang, TAN Dun, WEN Hui/Living Dance Studio, WU Wenguang/Caochangdi Work Station
Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group, CAEG. Deputy Commissioners: Zhang Yu, Yan Dong. Curator: Beijing Contemporary Art Foundation. Scientific Committee: Fan Di’an, Zhang Zikang, Zhu Di, Gao Shiming, Zhu Qingsheng, Pu Tong, Shang Hui. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Giardino delle Vergini
GUATEMALA
Sweet Death
Emma Anticoli Borza, Sabrina Bertolelli, Mariadolores Castellanos, Max Leiva, Pier Domenico Magri, Adriana Montalto, Elmar Rojas (Elmar René Rojas Azurdia), Paolo Schmidlin, Mónica Serra, Elsie Wunderlich, Collettivo La Grande Bouffe
Commissioner: Daniele Radini Tedeschi. Curators: Stefania Pieralice, Carlo Marraffa, Elsie Wunderlich. Deputy Curators: Luciano Carini, Simone Pieralice. Venue: Officina delle Zattere, Dorsoduro 947, Fondamenta Nani
HOLY SEE
Commissioner: Em.mo Card. Gianfranco Ravasi, Presidente del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
HUNGARY
Sustainable Identities
Szilárd Cseke
Commissioner: Monika Balatoni. Deputy Commissioner: István Puskás, Sándor Fodor, Anna Karády. Curator: Kinga German. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ICELAND
Christoph Büchel
Commissioner: Björg Stefánsdóttir. Curator: Nína Magnúsdóttir. Venue: to be confirmed
INDONESIA, Republic of
Komodo Voyage
Heri Dono
Commissioner: Sapta Nirwandar. Deputy Commissioner: Soedarmadji JH Damais. Curator: Carla Bianpoen, Restu Imansari Kusumaningrum. Scientific Committee: Franco Laera, Asmudjo Jono Irianto, Watie Moerany, Elisabetta di Mambro. Venue: Venue: Arsenale
IRAN
Iranian Highlights
Samira Alikhanzaradeh, Mahmoud Bakhshi Moakhar, Jamshid Bayrami, Mohammed Ehsai
The Great Game
Lida Abdul, Bani Abidi, Adel Abidin, Amin Agheai, Ghodratollah Agheli, Shahriar Ahmadi, Parastou Ahovan, Farhad Ahrarnia, Rashad Alakbarov, Nazgol Ansarinia, Reza Aramesh, Alireza Astaneh, Sonia Balassanian, Mahmoud Bakhshi, Moakhar Wafaa Bilal, Mehdi Farhadian, Monir Farmanfarmaian, Shadi Ghadirian, Babak Golkar, Shilpa Gupta, Ghasem Hajizadeh, Shamsia Hassani, Sahand Hesamiyan, Sitara Ibrahimova, Pouran Jinchi, Amar Kanwar, Babak Kazemi, Ryas Komu, Ahmad Morshedloo, Farhad Moshiri, Mehrdad Mohebali, Huma Mulji, Azad Nanakeli, Jamal Penjweny, Imran Qureshi, Sara Rahbar, Rashid Rana, T.V. Santhosh, Walid Siti, Mohsen Taasha Wahidi, Mitra Tabrizian, Parviz Tanavoli, Newsha Tavakolian, Sadegh Tirafkan, Hema Upadhyay, Saira Wasim
Commissioner: Majid Mollanooruzi. Deputy Commissioners: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Curators: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Venue: Calle San Giovanni 1074/B, Cannaregio
IRAQ
Commissioner: Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture in Iraq (RUYA). Deputy Commissioner: Nuova Icona - Associazione Culturale per le Arti. Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren. Venue: Ca' Dandolo, San Polo 2879
IRELAND
Adventure: Capital
Sean Lynch
Commissioner: Mike Fitzpatrick. Curator: Woodrow Kernohan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
ISRAEL
Tsibi Geva | Archeology of the Present
Tsibi Geva
Commissioner: Arad Turgem, Michael Gov. Curator: Hadas Maor. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ITALY
Ministero dei Beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo - Direzione Generale Arte e Architettura Contemporanee e Periferie Urbane. Commissioner: Federica Galloni. Curator: Vincenzo Trione. Venue: Padiglione Italia, Tese delle Vergini at Arsenale
JAPAN
The Key in the Hand
Chiharu Shiota
Commissioner: The Japan Foundation. Deputy Commissioner: Yukihiro Ohira, Manako Kawata and Haruka Nakajima. Curator: Hitoshi Nakano. Venue : Pavilion at Giardini
KENYA
Creating Identities
Yvonne Apiyo Braendle-Amolo, Qin Feng, Shi Jinsong, Armando Tanzini, Li Zhanyang, Lan Zheng Hui, Li Gang, Double Fly Art Center
Commissioner: Paola Poponi. Curator: Sandro Orlandi Stagl. Deputy Curator: Ding Xuefeng. Venue: San Servolo Island
KOREA, Republic of
The Ways of Folding Space & Flying
MOON Kyungwon & JEON Joonho
Commissioner: Sook-Kyung Lee. Curator: Sook-Kyung Lee. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
KOSOVO, Republic of
Speculating on the blue
Flaka Haliti
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. Curator: Nicolaus Schafhausen. Deputy Curator: Katharina Schendl. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
LATVIA
Armpit
Katrina Neiburga, Andris Eglitis
Commissioner: Solvita Krese (Latvian Centre for Contemporary Art). Deputy Commissioner: Kitija Vasiljeva. Curator: Kaspars Vanags. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
LITHUANIA
Museum
Dainius Liškevicius
Commissioner: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Deputy Commissioner: Rasa Antanaviciute. Curator: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Venue: Palazzo Zenobio, Fondamenta del Soccorso 2569, Dorsoduro
LUXEMBOURG, Grand Duchy of
Paradiso Lussemburgo
Filip Markiewicz
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: MUDAM Luxembourg. Curator: Paul Ardenne. Venue: Cà Del Duca, Corte del Duca Sforza, San Marco 3052
MACEDONIA, Former Yugoslavian Republic of
We are all in this alone
Hristina Ivanoska and Yane Calovski
Commissioner: Maja Nedelkoska Brzanova, National Gallery of Macedonia. Deputy Commissioner: Olivija Stoilkova. Curator: Basak Senova. Deputy Curator: Maja Cankulovska Mihajlovska. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Sale d’Armi
MAURITIUS *
From One Citizen You Gather an Idea
Sultana Haukim, Nirmal Hurry, Alix Le Juge, Olga Jürgenson, Helge Leiberg, Krishna Luchoomun, Neermala Luckeenarain, Kavinash Thomoo, Bik Van Der Pol, Laure Prouvost, Vitaly Pushnitsky, Römer + Römer
Commissioner: pARTage. Curators: Alfredo Cramerotti, Olga Jürgenson. Venue: Palazzo Flangini - Canareggio 252
MEXICO
Possesing Nature
Tania Candiani, Luis Felipe Ortega
Commissioner: Tomaso Radaelli. Deputy Commissioner: Magdalena Zavala Bonachea. Curator: Karla Jasso. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
MONGOLIA *
Other Home
Enkhbold Togmidshiirev, Unen Enkh
Commissioner: Gantuya Badamgarav, MCASA. Curator: Uranchimeg Tsultemin. Scientific Committee: David A Ross, Boldbaatar Chultemin. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
MONTENEGRO
,,Ti ricordi Sjecaš li se You Remember "
Aleksandar Duravcevic
Commissioner/Curator: Anastazija Miranovic. Deputy Commissioner: Danica Bogojevic. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero (piano terra), San Marco 3078-3079/A, Ramo Malipiero
MOZAMBIQUE, Republic of *
Theme: Coexistence of Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Mozambique
Mozambique Artists
Commissioner: Joel Matias Libombo. Deputy Commissioner: Gilberto Paulino Cossa. Curator: Comissariado-Geral para a Expo Milano 2015. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
NETHERLANDS, The
herman de vries - to be all ways to be
herman de vries
Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund. Curators: Colin Huizing, Cees de Boer. Venue: Pavilion ar Giardini
NEW ZEALAND
Secret Power
Simon Denny
Commissioner: Heather Galbraith. Curator: Robert Leonard. Venue: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Marco Polo Airport
NORDIC PAVILION (NORWAY)
Camille Norment
Commissioner: OCA, Office for Contemporary Art Norway. Curator: Katya García-Antón. Deputy Curator: Antonio Cataldo. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PERU
Misplaced Ruins
Gilda Mantilla and Raimond Chaves
Commissioner: Armando Andrade de Lucio. Curator: Max Hernández-Calvo. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
PHILIPPINES
Tie a String Around the World
Manuel Conde, Carlos Francisco, Manny Montelibano, Jose Tence Ruiz
Commissioner: National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), Felipe M. de Leon Jr. Curator: Patrick D. Flores. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
POLAND
Halka/Haiti. 18°48’05”N 72°23’01”W
C.T. Jasper, Joanna Malinowska
Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska. Deputy Commissioner: Joanna Wasko. Curator: Magdalena Moskalewicz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PORTUGAL
I Will Be Your Mirror / poems and problems
João Louro
Commissioner/Curator: María de Corral. Venue: Palazzo Loredan, campo S. Stefano
ROMANIA
Adrian Ghenie: Darwin’s Room
Adrian Ghenie
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Mihai Pop. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
Inventing the Truth. On Fiction and Reality
Michele Bressan, Carmen Dobre-Hametner, Alex Mirutziu, Lea Rasovszky, Stefan Sava, Larisa Sitar
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Diana Marincu. Deputy Curators: Ephemair Association (Suzana Dan and Silvia Rogozea). Venue: New Gallery of the Romanian Institute for Culture and Humanistic Research in Venice
RUSSIA
The Green Pavilion
Irina Nakhova
Commissioner: Stella Kesaeva. Curator: Margarita Tupitsyn. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SERBIA
United Dead Nations
Ivan Grubanov
Commissioner: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Commissioner: Ana Bogdanovic. Curator: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Curator: Ana Bogdanovic. Scientific Committee: Jovan Despotovic. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SAN MARINO
Repubblica di San Marino “ Friendship Project “ China
Xu De Qi, Liu Dawei, Liu Ruo Wang, Ma Yuan, Li Lei, Zhang Hong Mei, Eleonora Mazza, Giuliano Giulianelli, Giancarlo Frisoni, Tony Margiotta, Elisa Monaldi, Valentina Pazzini
Commissioner: Istituti Culturali della Repubblica di San Marino. Curator: Vincenzo Sanfo. Venue: TBC
SEYCHELLES, Republic of *
A Clockwork Sunset
George Camille, Léon Wilma Loïs Radegonde
Commissioner: Seychelles Art Projects Foundation. Curators: Sarah J. McDonald, Victor Schaub Wong. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
SINGAPORE
Sea State
Charles Lim Yi Yong
Commissioner: Paul Tan, National Arts Council, Singapore. Curator: Shabbir Hussain Mustafa. Scientific Committee: Eugene Tan, Kathy Lai, Ahmad Bin Mashadi, June Yap, Emi Eu, Susie Lingham, Charles Merewether, Randy Chan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
SLOVENIA, Republic of
UTTER / The violent necessity for the embodied presence of hope
JAŠA
Commissioner: Simona Vidmar. Deputy Commissioner: Jure Kirbiš. Curators: Michele Drascek and Aurora Fonda. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
SPAIN
Los Sujetos (The Subjects)
Pepo Salazar, Cabello/Carceller, Francesc Ruiz, + Salvador Dalí
Commissioner: Ministerio Asuntos Exteriores. Gobierno de España. Curator: Marti Manen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Origini della civiltà
Narine Ali, Ehsan Alar, Felipe Cardeña, Fouad Dahdouh, Aldo Damioli, Svitlana Grebenyuk, Mauro Reggio, Liu Shuishi, Nass ouh Zaghlouleh, Andrea Zucchi, Helidon Xhixha
Commissioner: Christian Maretti. Curator: Duccio Trombadori. Venue: Redentore – Giudecca, San Servolo Island
SWEDEN
Excavation of the Image: Imprint, Shadow, Spectre, Thought
Lina Selander
Commissioner: Ann-Sofi Noring. Curator: Lena Essling. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
SWITZERLAND
Our Product
Pamela Rosenkranz
Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki. Deputy-Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Rachele Giudici Legittimo. Curator: Susanne Pfeffer. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
THAILAND
Earth, Air, Fire & Water
Kamol Tassananchalee
Commissioner: Chai Nakhonchai, Office of Contemporary Art and Culture (OCAC), Ministry of Culture. Curator: Richard David Garst. Deputy Curator: Pongdej Chaiyakut. Venue: Paradiso Gallerie, Giardini della Biennale, Castello 1260
TURKEY
Respiro
Sarkis
Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts. Curator: Defne Ayas. Deputy Curator: Ozge Ersoy. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
TUVALU
Crossing the Tide
Vincent J.F. Huang
Commissioner: Taukelina Finikaso. Deputy Commissioner: Temate Melitiana. Curator: Thomas J. Berghuis. Scientific Committee: Andrea Bonifacio. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
UKRAINE
Hope!
Yevgenia Belorusets, Nikita Kadan, Zhanna Kadyrova, Mykola Ridnyi & SerhiyZhadan, Anna Zvyagintseva, Open Group, Artem Volokitin
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Björn Geldhof. Venue: Riva dei Sette Martiri
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
1980 – Today: Exhibitions in the United Arab Emirates
Abdullah Al Saadi, Abdul Qader Al Rais, Abdulraheem Salim, Abdulrahman Zainal, Ahmed Al Ansari, Ahmed Sharif, Hassan Sharif, Mohamed Yousif, Mohammed Abdullah Bulhiah, Mohammed Al Qassab, Mohammed Kazem, Moosa Al Halyan, Najat Meky, Obaid Suroor, Salem Jawhar
Commissioner: Salama bint Hamdan Al Nahyan Foundation. Curator: Hoor Al Qasimi. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d'Armi
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Joan Jonas: They Come to Us Without a Word
Joan Jonas
Commissioner: Paul C. Ha. Deputy Commissioner: MIT List Visual Arts Center. Curators: Ute Meta Bauer, Paul C. Ha. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
URUGUAY
Global Myopia II (Pencil & Paper)
Marco Maggi
Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale. Curator: Patricia Bentancour. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
VENEZUELA, Bolivarian Republic of
Te doy mi palabra (I give you my word)
Argelia Bravo, Félix Molina (Flix)
Commissioner: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Commissioner: Reinaldo Landaeta Díaz. Curator: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Curator: Morella Jurado. Scientific Committee: Carlos Pou Ruan. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ZIMBABWE, Republic of
Pixels of Ubuntu/Unhu: - Exploring the social and cultural identities of the 21st century.
Chikonzero Chazunguza, Masimba Hwati, Gareth Nyandoro
Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda. Curator: Raphael Chikukwa. Deputy Curator: Tafadzwa Gwetai. Scientific Committee: Saki Mafundikwa, Biggie Samwanda, Fabian Kangai, Reverend Paul Damasane, Nontsikelelo Mutiti, Stephen Garan'anga, Dominic Benhura. Venue: Santa Maria della Pieta
ITALO-LATIN AMERICAN INSTITUTE
Voces Indígenas
Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal. Curator: Alfons Hug. Deputy Curator: Alberto Saraiva. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ARGENTINA
Sofia Medici and Laura Kalauz
PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA
Sonia Falcone and José Laura Yapita
BRAZIL
Adriana Barreto
Paulo Nazareth
CHILE
Rainer Krause
COLOMBIA
León David Cobo,
María Cristina Rincón and Claudia Rodríguez
COSTA RICA
Priscilla Monge
ECUADOR
Fabiano Kueva
EL SALVADOR
Mauricio Kabistan
GUATEMALA
Sandra Monterroso
HAITI
Barbara Prézeau Stephenson
HONDURAS
Leonardo González
PANAMA
Humberto Vélez
NICARAGUA
Raúl Quintanilla
PARAGUAY
Erika Meza
Javier López
PERU
José Huamán Turpo
URUGUAY
Gustavo Tabares
Ellen Slegers
001 Inverso Mundus. AES+F
Magazzino del Sale n. 5, Dorsoduro, 265 (Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Saloni); Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 31st
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
Catalonia in Venice: Singularity
Cantieri Navali, Castello, 40 (Calle Quintavalle)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Institut Ramon Llull
venezia2015.llull.cat
Conversion. Recycle Group
Chiesa di Sant’Antonin, Castello (Campo Sant’Antonin)
May 6th - October 31st
Organization: Moscow Museum of Modern Art
Dansaekhwa
Palazzo Contarini-Polignac, Dorsoduro, 874 (Accademia)
May 7th – August 15th
Organization: The Boghossian Foundation
Dispossession
Palazzo Donà Brusa, Campo San Polo, 2177
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: European Capital of Culture Wroclaw 2016
wroclaw2016.pl/biennale/
EM15 presents Doug Fishbone’s Leisure Land Golf
Arsenale Docks, Castello, 40A, 40B, 41C
May 6th - July 26th
Organization: EM15
Eredità e Sperimentazione
Grand Hotel Hungaria & Ausonia, Viale Santa Maria Elisabetta, 28, Lido di Venezia
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Istituto Nazionale di BioArchitettura - Sezione di Padova
Frontiers Reimagined
Palazzo Grimani, Castello, 4858 (Ramo Grimani)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Tagore Foundation International; Polo museale del Veneto
Glasstress 2015 Gotika
Istituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere ed Arti, Palazzo Cavalli Franchetti, San Marco, 2847 (Campo Santo Stefano); Chiesa di Santa Maria della Visitazione, Centro Culturale Don Orione Artigianelli, Dorsoduro, 919 (Zattere); Fondazione Berengo, Campiello della Pescheria, 15, Murano;
May 9th — November 22nd
Organization: The State Hermitage Museum
Graham Fagen: Scotland + Venice 2015
Palazzo Fontana, Cannaregio, 3829 (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Scotland + Venice
Grisha Bruskin. An Archaeologist’s Collection
Former Chiesa di Santa Caterina, Cannaregio, 4941-4942
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Centro Studi sulle Arti della Russia (CSAR), Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
Helen Sear, ... The Rest Is Smoke
Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Castello, 450 (Fondamenta San Gioacchin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Cymru yn Fenis/Wales in Venice
Highway to Hell
Palazzo Michiel, Cannaregio, 4391/A (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Hubei Museum of Art
Humanistic Nature and Society (Shan-Shui) – An Insight into the Future
Palazzo Faccanon, San Marco, 5016 (Mercerie)
May 7th – August 4th
Organization: Shanghai Himalayas Museum
In the Eye of the Thunderstorm: Effervescent Practices from the Arab World & South Asia
Dorsoduro, 417 (Zattere)
May 6th - November 15th
Organization: ArsCulture
Italia Docet | Laboratorium- Artists, Participants, Testimonials and Activated Spectators
Palazzo Barbarigo Minotto, San Marco, 2504 (Fondamenta Duodo o Barbarigo)
May 9th – June 30th; September 11st – October 31st
Organization: Italian Art Motherboard Foundation (i-AM Foundation)
www.venicebiennale-italiadocet.org
Jaume Plensa: Together
Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore, Isola di San Giorgio Maggiore
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Abbazia di San Giorgio Maggiore Benedicti Claustra Onlus
Jenny Holzer "War Paintings"
Museo Correr, San Marco, 52 (Piazza San Marco)
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: The Written Art Foundation; Museo Correr, Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia
correr.visitmuve.it
Jump into the Unknown
Palazzo Loredan dell’Ambasciatore, Dorsoduro, 1261-1262
May 9th – June 18th
Organization: Nine Dragon Heads
9dh-venice.com
Learn from Masters
Palazzo Bembo, San Marco, 4793 (Riva del Carbon)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Pan Tianshou Foundation
pantianshou.caa.edu.cn/foundation_en
My East is Your West
Palazzo Benzon, San Marco, 3927
May 6th – October 31st
Organization: The Gujral Foundation
Ornamentalism. The Purvitis Prize
Arsenale Nord, Tesa 99
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Secretariat of the Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2015
www.purvisabalva.lv/en/ornamentalism
Path and Adventure
Arsenale, Castello, 2126/A (Campo della Tana)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau; The Macao Museum of Art; The Cultural Affairs Bureau
Patricia Cronin: Shrine for Girls, Venice
Chiesa di San Gallo, San Marco, 1103 (Campo San Gallo)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Brooklyn Rail Curatorial Projects
curatorialprojects.brooklynrail.org
Roberto Sebastian Matta. Sculture
Giardino di Palazzo Soranzo Cappello, Soprintendenza BAP per le Province di Venezia, Belluno, Padova e Treviso, Santa Croce, 770 (Fondamenta Rio Marin)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Echaurren Salaris
www.fondazioneechaurrensalaris.it
www.maggioregam.com/56Biennale_Matta
Salon Suisse: S.O.S. Dada - The World Is A Mess
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
May 9th; June 4th - 6th; September 10th - 12th; October 15th - 17th; November 19th – 21st
Organization: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia
Sean Scully: Land Sea
Palazzo Falier, San Marco, 2906
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Volume!
Sepphoris. Alessandro Valeri
Molino Stucky, interior atrium, Giudecca, 812
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Assessorato alla Cultura del Comune di Narni(TR); a Sidereal Space of Art; Satellite Berlin
Tesla Revisited
Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 18th
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
The Bridges of Graffiti
Arterminal c/o Terminal San Basilio, Dorsoduro (Fondamenta Zattere al Ponte Lungo)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Associazione Culturale Inossidabile
The Dialogue of Fire. Ceramic and Glass Masters from Barcelona to Venice
Palazzo Tiepolo Passi, San Polo, 2774
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization: Fundaciò Artigas; ArsCulture
The Question of Beings
Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello, 3701
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei (MoCA, Taipei)
The Revenge of the Common Place
Università Ca' Foscari, Ca' Bernardo, Dorsoduro, 3199 (Calle Bernardo)
May 9th – September 30th
Organization: Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels-VUB)
The Silver Lining. Contemporary Art from Liechtenstein and other Microstates
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
October 24th – November 1st
Organization: Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein
The Sound of Creation. Paintings + Music by Beezy Bailey and Brian Eno
Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello, Palazzo Pisani, San Marco, 2810 (Campo Santo Stefano)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: ArsCulture
The Union of Fire and Water
Palazzo Barbaro, San Marco, 2840
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: YARAT Contemporary Art Organisation
Thirty Light Years - Theatre of Chinese Art
Palazzo Rossini, San Marco, 4013 (Campo Manin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: GAC Global Art Center Foundation; The Guangdong Museum of Art
Tsang Kin-Wah: The Infinite Nothing, Hong Kong in Venice
Arsenale, Castello, 2126 (Campo della Tana)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: M+, West Kowloon Cultural District; Hong Kong Arts Development Council
Under the Surface, Newfoundland and Labrador at Venice
Galleria Ca' Rezzonico, Dorsoduro, 2793
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Terra Nova Art Foundation
tnaf.ca
Ursula von Rydingsvard
Giardino della Marinaressa, Castello (Riva dei Sette Martiri)
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization:Yorkshire Sculpture Park
We Must Risk Delight: Twenty Artists from Los Angeles
Magazzino del Sale n. 3, Dorsoduro, 264 (Zattere)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: bardoLA
Wu Tien-Chang: Never Say Goodbye
Palazzo delle Prigioni, Castello, 4209 (San Marco)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Taipei Fine Arts Museum of Taiwan
...[ 1 Mixtape đàu tay của Hào đó )
...[ Chùa là chó ó ó ó ó ó )
Link:
mp3.zing.vn/playlist/Mixtape-Cay-but-dam-me-codyboy123/IW... <---- nó đó bà con
Mixtape " Cây bút đam mê "
Thế Hào
Cái mixtape này như là cái album đầu năm Hào làm lấy hên ... mọi người ủng hộ Hào nhé !
1. Tết 2012 - Thế Hào ft. Lee Yang
mp3.zing.vn/bai-hat/Tet-2012-The-Hao-ft-Lee-Yang/IW88O9WA...
- chúc anh chị cô bác , các bé , family HLB .... dồi dào sức khỏe nhé.. pha 1 tí tàu khựa ... đứng ghét Hào nhé =)) ! !
Intro : Double TH a.k.a Mr.TH
Rộn ràng Tiếng cười …. Khi mùa xuân đang đến đây
Nắm lấy tay nhau chào mừng mùa xuân đang về
Ver 1 : Thế Hào a.k.a T.H
Ánh nắng lên …. Xuân lại đến
Nhạc cũng lên … ta cũng lên
Hãy hát thật là hay ..và.. Hãy nhãy thật là vui
Chào đón nắm mới ta cùng nhau xóa đi niềm xui
Láng nghe những lời chúc những câu đối
Mong cho nhà nha ấm no hạnh phúc ở bên nhau thôi ya !
Lẹ thiệt haz … mới đó thôi nà … ta còn nói là “ chúc mừng năm mới 2011 :
Giờ thì khác rồi … thời gian đã trôi … giờ ta chỉ nói : “ Happy new year 2012 “
K có gì là phải ngại … đêm 30 bỏ ra 5 phút … thì ta sẽ mang lại … niềm vui từng phút … ngắm pháo bông đêm giao thừa …. Khó nhọc nắng mưa … sẽ k còn nữa …. Và nụ cười trên môi sẽ tươi mãi
That right !
Mel : Lee Yang
Năm mới tết đến cho tui nge bao nhiêu niềm vui
Năm mới tết đến cho tui nge âm thanh pháo
Tết đến
Với bao nhiêu câu ca mùa xuân ngân vang thật là rộn rã
Mùa xuân mùa xuân
Nào ta cùng hãy chào đón 1 mùa xuân
Cùng nhau hát vang câu ca trong năm mới an lành yên vui …..
Ver 2 : T.H a.k.a Thế Hào
Hey everybody, look at to me now and hear me
Eh eh eh Let go .. my flow
Hey yo , hear me say this:
Tết tới rồi đó , chúc cho các cô gái sẽ mãi luôn tươi trẻ
Và các bé nhỏ , tiền lì xì đầy túi và sẽ mãi luôn vui vẻ
Và … kính chúc cho ba má trẻ mãi không già
Nếu có nge con chúc thì lì xì cho con “mạnh” tí nhá
gongxi gongxi ni à
Nhớ tên tui Highlands best Boiz Thế Hào
Đến với Highlandsboiz sẽ píc tết vùng cao là thế nào [ eh eh ]
Vứt bỏ bao muộn phiền và những âu lo , mọi khó khăng và gian khó , mở cửa cho tâm hồn …. lấy niềm vui để vào
Để vào…để vào…để vào…trong con tim :
“ Những lời chúc : Phúc – Lộc – Thọ “
Và cũng chúc : những ai iu nhau sẽ có 1 tình … yêu thật to
Bỏ qua cái lạnh của đông , hưởng thụ cái ấm mùa xuân trên các… con phố nhỏ
Hét thật to : “Xin nian kuai le“
Mel : Lee Yang
Năm mới tết đến cho tui nge bao nhiêu niềm vui
Năm mới tết đến cho tui nge âm thanh pháo hoa
Tết đến
Với bao nhiêu câu ca mùa xuân ngân vang thật là rộn rã
Mùa xuân mùa xuân ….
Nào ta cùng hãy chào đón 1 mùa xuân
Cùng nhau hát vang câu ca trong năm mới an lành yên vui …..
Brige : Thế Hào & Lee Yang
Với bao nhiêu câu ca mùa xuân ngân vang thật là rộn rã
Với bao nhiêu cuộc vui khi ta cùng nhau …đón xuân… sum vầy
Mùa xuân năm mới cho bao nhiêu tui là tiếng cười …
hãy đến bên nhau … mang theo 1 nụ cười
Và nhớ đừng quên nhau … dữ mãi trong tim mỗi người
Dù… ở phương xa … nhưng vẫn k quên quê hương
Xin hãy nhớ là … hãy về quê hương khi xuân đên dù bạn ở muôn phương !
Mr.TH Ft. Lee Yang 2012 HLB production happy new year !
[Rộn ràng Tiếng cười …. Khi mùa xuân đang đến đây
Nắm lấy tay Nhau chào mừng mùa xuân đang về … đây
năm mới rộng vang tiếng ca
Hãy bước xuống phố mang tình yêu đến muôn nơi] T.H
Outro : Lee Yang
Năm mới tết đến cho tui nge bao nhiêu niềm vui
Năm mới tết đến cho tui nge âm thanh pháo hoa
Nào ta cùng hãy chào đón 1 mùa xuân
Cùng nhau hát vang câu ca trong năm mới an lành yên vui …..
2. Biểu nè , anh yêu em - Thế Hào ft. Neo style
mp3.zing.vn/bai-hat/Bieu-ne-A.../IW8III8Z.html
- làm chung với con .... gày của tui =)) .....
Ver 1 : Thế Hào a.k.a Double TH
Hè qua thu sang thỗi lên từng cơn gió se lạnh
Lúc này là lúc anh cần 1 người con gái kề anh
Suy tư vẫn vơ nghĩ về 1 cô gái …. Và thế là
Em chính là người con gái mà anh sắp kễ ra :
“Em à , khi gặp em con tim anh như dậm nhanh
Mọi thứ xung quanh tất cả như đag trôi chậm dần
Con tim muốn nỗ tung mỗi khi em nhìn anh
Mọi thứ Trong giấc mơ chỉ hiện về 1 hình ảnh
Cũng là em đó !
Người trong đêm đó !
Người mà đã làm cho thế giới của anh ngày càng thêm cỏ ^^
Lặng im 1 phút !
Thở đều 1 chút !
K sao đuổi kịp dược người con gái mà đã làm anh bị cuốn hút
Anh muốn được viết
Anh muốn được biết
Về người đã làm cho anh viết ra những điều không thể kể xiết
Không biết từ khi nào con tim của anh đã bị em dụ dỗ
Phải làm cho anh kiếm nơi ở của em trên khắp mọi khu phố
Em kia … anh xin em hãy đừng đi quá nhanh
Người đag chờ đợi em …. Chính là anh
Hey Girl (…) I Am not a bad boy …
is you … I just hope … “ I am a last boy “
Hook : Thế Hào a.k.a Double TH
Hey baby …baby …..
Love you… you ..…
Oh baby…. baby …..
Like you …. You ….. ( x4 )
Ver 2 : Neo Style
Hey baby lại đây anh nói nhỏ nè
Vai kề vai *iloveu* anh nói khẻ
Đừng cho ai biết nhé chỉ riêng mình em thôi
Và con tim thao thức a đả viết về người trong từng đêm trôi
Nhớ …anh rất nhớ e..nhớ a mắt nhớ nụ cười nhớ hàng mi nhớ luôn cả đôi môi kia
và…em có biết là…. Trái tim này nguyện yêu em sẽ không thay đổi
dù mai sau nếu có cay nếu có đắng thì anh chỉ có mình em thôi
thức hàng giờ liền làm bạn cùng trang giấy khi a chợt về nhớ em
làm sao có thể ngủ khi nổi nhớ cứ nhìu đêm cứ tăng thêm nhìu thêm
và…câu cuối a muốn nói vẩn là I love u baby yeahh
Hook : Thế Hào a.k.a Double TH
Hey baby …baby …..
Love you… you ..…
Oh baby…. baby …..
Like you …. You ….. ( x2 )
3. Happy 140 days - Thế Hào ft. Lil'N
mp3.zing.vn/bai-hat/Happy-140-days-The-Hao-ft-Lil-N/IW8Z0...
- viết cho 1 người con gái mang tên Nguyễn Phương Anh mình rất yêu thương ... nhưng h có lẽ ... đc ft. chung với Ny khùng yêu dấu =)) ...
Ver 1: Thế Hào
P... là chữ cái đầu tiền mà sẽ nói về em ( và )
H…iện về ở trong anh là nỗi nhớ em về đêm
Ư…a Ừa chắc em nghĩ a đag nói đối… phải không
Ơ… ờ em đừng có nghĩ vậy , em là ng` mỗi tối ...anh phải mong
N…gày trôi qua thì anh vẫn chỉ yêu có mình em ( dù có )
G…irl Xinh cuốn hút anh thì anh vẩn chỉ yêu có mình em
A…nh nói anh yêu em thì mãi mãi yêu em
N…hưng càng nói anh lại càng yêu nhiều them
H…ôn lên đôi má của em đễ e píc anh yêu em
Yêu em thiết tha … yêu em miệt mà
Em có biết là … anh đag viết ra
Những điều mà tim anh đag muốn nói
Là là là anh chỉ yêu có mình em thôi
Không hề thay đổi
Không hê giang dối
Bỡi vì anh không muống mang tội … vì con tim anh đã khắc sâu hình bóng em rồi
Chính là em đó…….. Phương Anh ….. à
Mel 1 : Lil’N
Tim e đó nay đã trao a rồi ng iu ơi
Hp sẽ lun đong đầy nguyện cầu đôi ta mãi mãi lun bền lâu
Trong giấc mơ đêm wa
E laj mơ thấy a trong tay la bao nhju ngàn hoa
Như tô vẽ thêm cho tinh yêu ta bao sắc màu
sẽ mãj lun có nhau
Midtro : THế Hào
Phương Anh à …. anh hỏi em nha !!!
em có biết a đag làm gì không
a đag viết viết viết viết
Ver 2 : Thế Hào
Viết về em là những điều mà anh biết
Yêu em nhiều đến nổi anh thề kể xiết
Muốn nắm chặt tay em mãi tới tương lai
Cùng nắm tay bước trên chặn đường dài
Trái tim của anh hình bóng em luôn tồn tại
Quá khứ đen tối chỉ là đống tro tàn còn lại
Thức trắng đêm để làm bai hát cho em
Mong cho tình yêu của chúng ta to thêm
Bên em anh chỉ muôn em mãi được vui
Bên anh giúp em xóa đi mọi buồn tủi
Anh muốn em cười thì em cười thật tươi
Và nụ cưỡi đó đã khiến anh yêu người
Em hãy nói là “em yêu anh thật nhiều”
đễ anh có 1 cảm giác thật là feel
để anh viết ra 1 bài nhạc thật real
Anh yêu em mặc kệ cho người ta nói gì
Em có yêu anh không em hãy nói đi
Anh ghét những ai đag phá hoại đôi ta
Ghét những ai với gương mặt đầy dối trá
Anh mong tình yêu mình k thể phôi pha
Và em hãy hứa chỉ yêu mình anh nhé
Và em ơi anh nói nhỏ cái này nè :
I love you… I love you… and I need you baby
Mel 2 : lil’N
Gió khẽ lay mang tinh iu e đến với a
Ôi ngàn iu thuơng sẽ lun đong đầy
Như trong truyện cỗ tich bao nhiu h.p
E xin hứa lun iu ng mãj nhé
Trong tim e chỉ co minh a thôi
nguyện cầu đôi ta mãi lun có nhau
h.p lun bền lau ng iu oi
Brige : Thế Hào
Nhờ gió đưa em đến bên anh và k anh k bao giờ đễ em đi đâu nữa
Bỡi vì anh đã quá yêu em rồi….em ơi….em hỡi .…em có biết chưa
Và em hãy biết là bây h anh chỉ yêu yêu yêu yêu yêu có mỗi em thôi
La la la la la
Outtro : Thế Hào
Phương Anh
Đối với anh em là tất cả rồi đó
A chỉ muốn e mãi bên anh thôi
K làm a buồn
A píc … a chỉ là 1 thằng nghệ sĩ nghèo
Có thể k lo cho e được những thứ cao quý mà ng` ta hay làm cho ng` mình yêu
những gì a có thễ làm là yêu em thôi
A chỉ muốn e cười thật tươi
Là a vui rồi
Và điều đó là sự thật k hề a xạo đâu
A cần em lắm đó
Dù yêu em
Có Hạnh phúc hay là nước mắt
Thì a cũng vẫn yêu em thôi
Và a muốn nói là
Anh ( Anh )
Yêu ( yêu )
Em ( em )
Cũng như đây là bài ca mà a đã nói tặng em… dù kết thúc chỉ còn nước mắt và a biết là h e đã có 1 ng` khác….. 1 ng` em yêu
Và nhớ lúc a đi thì hãy mặc áo ấm khi lạnh đó tự lo nhé
4. Lạc Lỏng - Thế Hào ft. Triple K ft. Lee Yang
mp3.zing.vn/bai-hat/Lac-Long-The-Hao-ft-Triple-K-n-Lee-Ya...
- bài này Hào tặng cho 1 đứa e gái kết nghĩa , 1 đứa bạn cũng khá thân ... và những ng` gục ngã trong cuộc sống ... mong họ nghe đc sẽ "đứng dậy" thoát ra khõi những cái ...... !
Ver 1 : Triple-K
Đã hơn 1 tuần nó ko bước về nhà
Trước khi bước ra đi nó cũng đã thề là
Ăn chơi cho quên hết cái cuộc đời rác rưởi
Bất cứ việc gì nó làm cũng bị người khác chửi
Nhậu nhẹt với đám bạn sau đó hút cần sa
Nó ko cần mẹ chăm sóc nó cũng chẳng cần cha
Nó chỉ muốn lúc này đời nó được giải thoát
1 cuộc sống mà ko tình thương thì chết là ải chót
Nó biết gia đình mong muốn nó có 1 tương lai
Nó ko thương cha mẹ thì nó biết thương ai
Nhưng ngoài việc vung tiền tình thương là không có
Bất kể nó đúng hay là sai họ cũng làm lơ ko ngó
Bên trong nó luôn tồn tại 1 điều là gia đình
Một người mẹ yêu thương nó nó rất quý cha mình
Nó quyết làm đủ mọi cách để đạt được điều đó
Nhưng nó phải học cách chấp nhận vì cuộc đời ko chìu nó
Hook : T.H a.k.a Thế Hào
Mày không cần thương hại
Tự Mày vượt chướng ngại
Dù biết là đường dài
đứng dậy và vương vai
không để bị vướng lại
phải kiếm được tương lai
X2
Ver 2 : Thế Hào a.k.a T.H
Anh sáng là thứ nó mong đó [ oh ]
Nó đag tìm nhưng lại không có [ no ]
nó tìm “ ánh sáng “ để rọi ra con đường nó phải bước
nó mún “ánh sáng” để thấy hi vọng mà có thể tìm lại được
những thứ nó đánh mất , những thứ mà nó đã k coi trọng
đã làm nó thật lạnh , “ 1 đứa trẻ bụi đời không ai coi trông”
nó chạy thật nhanh và hét thật to : “ Tôi phải làm sao ? “
muốn che cái lạnh mà sao thật khó : “ Tôi Phải làm sao ? “
ba mẹ nó thương nó , nhưng 2 người chia tay làm nó buồn
và tình bạn , “gia đình” lẫn tình yêu làm nước mắt nó đổ xuống
nó gia nhập vào các cuộc chơi để cố hiểu thêm về “chữ” đời
uống rượu và bia đủ thứ để nó vui sướng nói ra: “ đời và quá khứ ơi
get lose … I want peace
nhưng nó biết là nó vẫn còn có hy vọng ở quanh kia
và nó sẽ cố chạy , để thoát ra , chạy thật nhanh phía
Phía nó được tự do … nó không còn xoa đọa
Phía nó được từ bỏ … không tập sống xa hoa
Nó đã nguyện ước và đã có được tia hy vọng của nó
và bây giờ nó cố sức với nghị lực khiến dòng đời k thể đùa nó
“Và nó đã trưởng thành , trưởng thành thành 1 con người
Với nghị lục thật mạnh , cùng niềm vui nó bật cười X2 “
Và nó đã trưởng thành , trưởng thành thành 1 con người !
Midtro : T.H … T-K … Lee Yang. HLB … 2012
Hook : T.H a.k.a Thế Hào
Mày không cần thương hại
Tự Mày vượt chướng ngại
Dù biết là đường dài
đứng dậy và vương vai
không để bị vướng lại
phải kiếm được tương lai
X2
Ver 3 : Lee Yang
Ánh sáng nơi thiên đường sẽ đưa em đi về nơi …
Về nơi thật bình yên em nhé
Dù đều đó không thễ nào đến với em…nhưng anh luôn mong sẽ có 1 điều ước
Dòng đời đẫy đưa đã khiến chính em phải đỗi thay
Mong em sẽ trỡ về nơi như lúc xưa khi em vẫn luôn như còn thơ
5. Anh cần em - Thế Hào ft. Lee Yang
mp3.zing.vn/bai-hat/Anh-can-em-The-Hao-ft-Lee-Yang/IW87OA...
- 1 cảm xúc khi đag buồn nhớ về tình cũ của Hào
Intro : Lee Yang
Kết thúc đi em 1 chuyện tình đã lỡ
cũng sẽ qua mà
Nhưng sao k thể quên đi những gì em đã hứa
Anh chỉ muốn gần em thêm 1 lần nữa thôi
Anh đag cần em ….1 lần nữa thôiiiiiii
Ver 1 : Thế Hào
Lại cầm cây bút này …. Với bàn tay ta viết ra
Nhớ về những phút giây …. Anh yêu em thật thiết tha
Lặng lẽ cầm điều thuốc anh đag xiết 1 hơi dài
Dù lòng anh không muống nhưng sao nước mắt cứ rơi hoài
Nước mắt tuôn , anh rất buồn , thực sự là anh không muốn vậy
Sao lại vậy , sao thế này , sao em lại là người buông tay
Anh giờ đã mất em …nước mắt của anh đag cất thêm
Anh cố làm mọi thứ để em cười nhưng giờ thì : anh đã mất em !*Ly*
Nổi đau , nổi sầu hòa quyện vào nhau đã vẽ ra 1 bức họa
Bức họa về trái tim khô héo của anh đang dần bị nức ra
làm tất cả , để vấp ngã , tình yêu cũng bay đi mất mà
Ôi thật là , cái chữ “tình“ , anh yêu em bằng cả chữ “ thật thà”
Anh muốn môi em sẽ luôn cười , đơn giản vì em chính là người
Người mà anh đã nói từ yêu , hơn cả feel , thế em hãy cười tươi
Vẽ ra từng vết mực , in đậm trên vết nức , kết thúc trong vô vộng
Và những điều anh ước , anh muốn có được chỉ còn lại con số 0
Mel : Lee Yang
Kết thúc đi em 1 chuyện tình đã lỡ
cũng sẽ qua mà
Nhưng sao k thể quên đi những gì em đã hứa
Anh chỉ muốn gần em thêm 1 lần nữa thôi
Anh đag cần em …. 1 lần nữa thôiiiiiii
Ver 2 : Thế Hào
• Xiết và viết *
anh biết là anh không đủ sức che trở em khõi nắng gió
và anh cũng biết là em đâu có yêu anh nhiều hơn cái thằng đó
đơn giản anh biết mọi thứ của anh làm ra không được bằng nó
nhưg anh dám chắc nó và anh thương em thì so nó không bằng đâu
anh yêu em và thễ hiện tình yêu qua cây bút : “vẽ lên bằng câu”
anh chỉ píc ngắm nhìn em , nhìn nụ cười của em từ đằng sau
anh nhớ giấy phút mà anh đứng trước em nói lên câu : “ anh yêu em”
nhớ luôn lúc anh hôn lên đôi má của em là lúc tình “nhiều thêm”*Chai*
nếu thời gian có quay lại anh sẽ k làm em thay đồi vậy đâu
thì anh đâu phải 1 mình chịu hiu quạnh và cơn đau như ở đấy sâu
hậu quả thì cũng là do anh , và tất cả cũng là do anh , đễ bây giờ :“tâm và trí của anh đầy sầu”
giữa anh và nó em chọn ai , anh nghĩ sẽ chắc rằng là nó
vì anh đâu có được ở gần em bảo vệ cho e lúc nắng và gió
anh hạnh phúc , sẽ là lúc , em ở bên anh trong cơn mưa
và kết thúc , anh kết bút , và những dòng sad này không còn nữa
hét to là : “ Anh Cần Em !
Mel : Lee Yang
Kết thúc đi em 1 chuyện tình đã lỡ
cũng sẽ qua mà
Nhưng sao k thể quên đi những gì em đã hứa
Anh chỉ muốn gần em thêm 1 lần nữa thôi
Anh đag cần em …. 1 lần nữa thôiiiiiii
………
Out tro : rẹt rẹt rẹt Xíttttttttt hà Lee Yang – Thế Hào - HLB
………
Mưa … [tôi yêu nước]
6. L I F E - Dark kenz ft. Thế Hào ft. S.O.S
mp3.zing.vn/bai-hat/L-I-F-E-D.../IW80UWO8.html
- bài này , chia tay thằng bạn thân từ nhỏ từ lúc học mẫu dáo tới h =)) , tháng 11 năm nay nó đi rồi , phỏng vấn rới ở lại nha con .. ) ! ... đi k quên tao đó =) !
er 1 Dark kenz a.k.a Kí Phát
Đã đến lúc phải nhắm mắt cảm nhận 1 chút về cuộc đời…
Xung quanh là những khó khăn giang lao và có đầy rẫy những cuộc chơi…
Đánh vần từng chữ để hiểu rõ ý nghĩa của chữ “đời”…
1 phút chống vắng trong sự yên ắng và thân xác ta càng thêm rã rời…
Con nhỏ đó….mày quen nó được 6 tháng chưa ?...
Nói cho tao biết cái tình cảm nó dành cho mày đã “đủ” hay chỉ là giọt sương sau án mưa…
Còn tao thì ngồi đây 1 góc…rút mình trong xó như chết rùi…
Nhớ lắm 1 thời thơ ấu 6 năm lớn lên cùng nhau chắc là mày quên hết rùi…
Tao cần 1 người tâm sự những sao tao không thấy…
Nét mực vẫn còn chưa phai vẫn còn đậm chữ “bạn” bên trong giấy…
Tao biết là mày đã xa những vẫn ngồi đầy chờ mong đấy…
Thời gian thấm thoát trôi sắp đến lúc tao phải ra đi…
Tạm biết cha , tạm biết mẹ , tạm biết tất cả……
Tạm biết mọi người tao phải bước đi trên 1 con đường mới đầy vất vã…
Phãi xa lánh tất cả , sẽ có đầy vấp ngã…
Nhưng tao sẽ cố đứng lên cho dù cái khó đầy ấp ha…
Ver 2 Thế Hào a.k.a Cody
Cũng đã nhiều lúc tao không biết cuộc đời là thứ gì ?
Và cũng đã nhiều lúc con đường của tao vất vả vì nó mà sao tao vẫn phải cứ đi
Tao vẫn phải bước đi
Nhanh chân kẻo trước khi
Tất cả hy vọng của tao bị người khác cướp đi
Tao có 1 thằng anh em luôn bên cạnh tao
Luôn luôn hỏi thăm tao vào những lúc mặt mũi tao xanh sao
Tên của nó là Ký Phát
Tao và nó là 2 thằng bạn thân hồi nhỏ hay đùa với tí cát
cũng là 2 thằng hay bị phạt
Thời gian dần trôi
mới đó thôi …tao gần phải xa nó rồi
chỉ còn có vài tháng nữa thì nó cũng sẽ…. bay mất thôi
lúc đó nước mắt rơi …. Tiếng nói mọi ng` thân sẽ còn cất nổi
tao chúc mày cuộc sống mới thật vui vẻ và hạnh phúc .. Phát àh
đừng quên tên anh em…. ta khắc trên cát nha
Hãy nhớ :
“ dù mày ở nơi đâu , dù mày ở nơi nào thì cũng đừng quên quê Hương
)dù mày ở nơi đâu , dù mày ở nơi nào thì đừng quên kỉ niệm lề đường “ (OK tao nhớ mà
Midtro :
….SOS on the mic……
Ver 3 S.O.S a.k.a Anh Trung
Ánh nắng thứ 2 trên nền trời , rồi sang thứ 3 trong đêm tối.
Một câu hát , cất vang lên , khiến cho cuộc đời không thêm lối.
Ngã 3 phía trước là bến đời , không có 2 người trong đêm tối.
Một tiếng nói , cất vang lên , ngã rẽ phía trước rộng thêm lối.
Ước muốn nhỏ nhoi cho cuộc sống , ngày mai sẽ là một ngày vui.
Đừng đễ mình tôi như chuột cống , hãy đễ tiền tài còn đầy túi.
Ước mong nhỏ nhoi chỉ vậy thôi , dù biết không phải là sự thật.
Bóng tối lần nữa bủa vậy tôi , mỡ mắt bóng hình kia tự mất.
Nói câu tạm biệt cho ngày mai , lúc này với em là quá vội.
Lỡ như có ngày nào quay lại , thì nơi chốn cũ đâu xa xôi.
Dẫu s cãm ơn những ngày tháng , đã bước cùng nhau chung con đường.
Cuộc chơi đến lúc cũng phải tàn , nhưng những khúc hát vẫn còn vương.
Ngay mai , bước chân trên đất lạ , thì sóng biễn nam vẫn vỗ về.
Càng xa , càng xa những năm tháng , ký ức ngày xưa sẽ vỗ về.
Cứ bước trên đường rồi sẽ thấy , có lúc tự hào về “anh” em.
Bức tranh nghệ thuật không cần thấy , sẽ đẹp hơn hết cùng anh em.
7. Giả tạo - Thế Hào
mp3.zing.vn/bai-hat/Gia-Tao-The-Hao-ft-Double-TH/IW8ZWW09...
- bài này ... là lúc bức súc nhiều ng` ... sống quá ảo ... quá giả tạo với mình :"> ... chịu k nổi chữi thối =)) !
Intro :…. Thế Hào… Double TH HLB… Giả Tao…. 2011… bài này á là tao dành riếng cho những ai tao cho là giả tao nhất check !
Ver 1 : Thế Hào
Cái điều xuất phát đâu tiên … lại chính là mày đó
Mày đag biết tao nói về ai …. Cũng chính là mày đó
Mày ghét tao … phá hoại tao … phá những thứ tao đag làm ra
You get out … mau biến nào … kẻo lấy dao ra tao đâm à
Con đường của tao đi là *** bao giờ có chứa … bá dơ
Nếu như mày lấy tên của tao đễ bợ thì m` sẽ… ná thở
Mày biết là mày đag giỡn zới ai không hả
Nge tao nói có nhột đừng vội nóng nha
cứ mở to lên và nge cho nó thong thả
Đễ khi nge xong mày làm sao chống ha
Bitch !!!
Và những điều tao nói luôn luôn nó sẽ là *sự* sự thật
Vì những thứ mà tao đag có đâu ra mà *tự* tự mất
Phải có 1 lý do gì chứ … ai đag cố mà phá nó ta
Ai làm thì ra nhận đi chứ … giấu chi cho nhục như chó nà
Tao là Thằng Hào *Yeah* … sống thật k sống ***
Đừng như mấy con *** giả tạo mà tao chưa nói tên và* ò hó *” bắt chước giống nó “
Mấy bạn mà có thắc mắc là ai thì … nge nữa đi
Nge cho hết 3 phút này và biết sự thật này đi
Hook : Double TH
Bay trong điếu thuốc … là lúc tao dạy mày
Hỏi mọi người coi …. Người đúng là tao hay là mày
Mày sữa sai thì tao …. Luôn đón chờ đó
không thì đừng trách …..bản tính của tao “khó”
( x2 cao…thấp )
This is real
Ver 2 : Thế Hào
Đầu tiên là mình nói về các bạn trong xã hội
Đằng sau giả tạo là gương mặt đầy giả dối
Nghe xong đừng có gặp thằng Hào mà la lối
Mày có tức thì cái mặt cũng hiện chữ thối tha
Ra đường người ta có nói thì đừng chối nha
Vì khi làm việc với mày đâu cần vội vã
Mày đâu có là ai đâu mà la làng “ điều thứ nhất”
Thật sự ,” tụi bây chỉ là giả tạo” mới là sự thật
Những thứ mà tao đag làm đều là muôn tốt cho mày
Mày ghét và muốn cắn thì cứ nhãy ào vô đây
Anh nói tới em luôn đó cái bé tên Wu hân
Nói cho mọi người biết rõ cái mặt ngu đần
Bạn thân của em mà em còn chơi trò tráo trở
Nói chiện zới a *quá* sock quả em thiệt láo nhở
Hot girl thì đen thui lên hình trắng bóc
Như thế mà cứ tỏ ra mình làm viếc nặng nhọc
Cười đi và cười thật nhiều … khi tao đag nói m` đó
Vui thật là vui … tui mày giả tao hay bộ
Bạn Sỹ gì đó nói luôn bạn
Bạn qen ai là quyền của bạn … nói chiện như là gió luồn hán
Bạn nghĩ mình rãnh phá tình cảm của bạn hả
nó nói nó *chọn* mình và xong nó quen lại bạn
Bạn coi lại đi haz cần k send cho mà coi ház
Cần gì hù chém hù đâm ….. đễ mình coi bạn “ đâm và chém “
“Hey You … dogs aways
I Do … not afraid”
hahaha
Outro : GIờ thì á tao cũng muốn nói là …. Tụi m` cứ cho tụi làm những gì đúng đi … rồi đễ coi ai thiệt thòi hén !
8. Viết - Thế Hào
mp3.zing.vn/bai-hat/Viet-The-Hao-ft-TH/IW87ZF0O.html
- bắt đầu 1 tình yêu mới , nhưng nó cũng đã kết thúc !
Intro: Beat KJ =)) !
Ver 1 : Thế Hào
Thức dậy 3 giờ sáng cầm cây bút viết thêm 1 chút
Viết được 1 lúc hoàng thành , thật nhanh vì kiếm đc hạnh phúc
Trong lúc anh nghĩ về em , màn đêm và hình bóng em bên anh
Che đi cái lạnh , như là thiên thần bên anh
Anh chỉ muốn , em luôn luôn nở trên môi nụ cười
Vì người anh yêu là em nên em hãy cười thật tươi
Mong tình yêu sẽ tha thiết , đó là điều mà ta biết
Vẽ lên 1 câu chuyện tình yêu của anh và em đó là điều mà ta viết
Anh vẽ ra nụ cười duyên , vẽ ra người làm anh sao xuyến
Anh vẽ ra người con gái mà anh cần hơn là cần 1 nàng tiên
Nắm đôi tay nhỏ bé , và anh cười thật thỏ thẻ , nói lên tai em nhỏ nhẹ , và em hãy nge rõ nè : em mãi bên anh nhé ! “
Dù có sóng gió , thì anh vẫn không có … buông em đâu
Tim anh ! hình ảnh của em trong đó … hiện vè anh từng đêm thâu
Anh sẽ cầu nguyện , chúng mình , sẽ mãi mãi , ở bên nhau ! yo
Hook by beat :’)
Ver : T.H
Noel này nó đag tới , lòng này đag chơi vơi
Muốn được ôm em, trong đêm nói lên muôn lời
và muốn nói :
“ anh không giang dối , và anh đã yêu em thật rồi “
Những điều mà trong tim anh muốn nói thì đã cất lên rồi
Anh chỉ muốn chạm vào đôi má của em thật mềm mại
Và được nge em nói , được onl nt với em từng đêm dài
Em làm anh quên đi quá khứ , quên mọi thứ , làm anh không yêu thêm ai
Mong tình này sẽ dài mãi mãi
May mắn , anh gặp được em , giúp anh xóa đi nỗi trống vắng
Và cho anh cảm giác được quan tâm và lo lắng
Dù có ai thay thế anh nghĩ với em thì chưa bằng
anh rất sợ , đến một ngày chúng ta sẽ buông tay
là ngày đó , anh mất em , mất những gì anh cố dựng xây
những không đâu , không có đâu , anh sẽ không nghĩ tới nó nữa
vì anh đã yêu em nên anh tin là sẽ không có điều đó , em biết chưa ? , em hiểu chưa … I love you my babe !!!
……………………….
Và Giang nè , cái điều mà anh muốn nói ở đây á , là thực sự a đã yêu em rồi đó , anh chỉ mong e nge đc những lời này , chỉ mong em đc hạnh phúc , và hãy ở bên a , k đi đâu nữa nhé
9. Vì em đó - BLP ft. Thế Hào ft. S.O.S
mp3.zing.vn/bai-hat/Vi-em-do-BLP-ft-The-Hao-n-S-O-S/IW8ZW...
- bài này lâu lắm rồi ... up cho vui !
Mel :BLP
Sau bao nhiêu yêu thương em đã trao
Anh cảm thấy anh đã vui
Oh anh luôn tin ở em
Nhưng giờ em từ bỏ tất cả
Anh không biết lý do
Hook x2 : Thế Hào a.k.a C.d
Cũng là em đó
người con gái đã từng ở bên anh
Vội bay theo gió
tên của anh em cũng quên nhanh
Tình còn tàn tro
kỉ niệm ngày đó đã thành quá khứ
Giờ sẽ còn có
Tình yêu ta trao nhau trên lá thư
Ver Rap : S.O.S a.k.a Black Moon
Viết tiếp , khúc nhạc buồn còn đang dang dỡ.
Vẫn đôi tay cầm bút , cảm hứng hôm qua in trên trang vỡ.
Lặng sau những ngày mưa là nỗi đau , cũng chỉ mình anh.
Cát bụi hòa tàn tro , những vết cắt , khắc sâu , tình lạnh.
Bao nhiêu yêu thương và nỗi đau , chôn vùi vào dĩ vãng.
Những anh vẫn mong tuyệt vọng đừng mang những thứ khác chôn vào miên mang.
Cho ngày mai anh còn đc thấy ánh mắt hồn nhiên…
Nàng – người con gái trao anh khát khao.
Đễ giờ đây như muốn nhát dao.
Cào xé tim anh thành từng mãnh
Tình không như trong tranh.
Mộng mị còn trong anh.
Ký ức xưa mong anh.
Hòa vào nước mắt xưa long lanh.
p/s : chúc năm mới mọi ng` vui vẻ nhé ... yeah ... cái này chỉ lấy hên thôi !
Look up: Sycamore trees in winter
Sycamore tree on Hunter Drive, Murrysville.
How many people get depressed or sad in winter because of the weather and conditions outside? What are you missing. You are missing the beauty that still exists out there, but is harder to grasp. It may be cold, colourless and drab, but there is beauty there, nevertheless, and alwaysthemore. Just look at the Sycamore trees, if you have them near you. All of the rest of the trees I would still characterize as beautiful, even in winter, but the Sycamore trees out shine them all. You just can't deny it. They have lost their giant leaves, which aren't necessarily the nicest of leaves, so in summer if you were a sycamore tree you might feel inferior. But in winter it is now your time to shine. The other trees are sort of a dull drab gray or brown, but the sycamores have a beautiful white bark, especially as you ascend the trunk to the upper places. Just look up. Perhaps if you walk all day just looking at your feet, which if you are walking in the woods might be good advice, so that you don't trip over a root or fallen branch, but you must resist that urge and look up at some of that beauty just above you. Whoever endowed you with two sharp eyes to perceive perhaps left out maybe one more to look skyward. But seriously the times I find myself looking up, especially at nature, are the most joyous. The white bark of the sycamore is a great sight to see in winter, so go see it. I've tried to photograph it, and that looks nice, but without the effect of walking around or even driving by one of these great trees, you don't get the full effect. In Pittsburgh old sycamores line many of the roads, but the younger ones in the parks and woods outshine these and deserve a look. One of these days I'll find a way to ascend one of these great beauties to try to get a close up photo of the white bark, just to see how that would turn out.
I wrote this a few years ago, and now that I have my new camera with the 12x zoom, I no longer feel the need to climb the tree to get a good shot :)
2016 Tucson Gem and Mineral Show Hotel City Center Vendor List
DEALER ASSIGNED ---- CITY/STATE/COUNTRY ---- EMAIL
AAA Minerals Int’l - China ---- China ---- Email AAA Minerals Int’l - China
AAPS-Assoc. of App Paleo. Sci. ---- Logan UT ---- Email AAPS-Assoc. of App Paleo. Sci.
Adelaide Mining Co. The ---- Australia ---- Email Adelaide Mining Co. The
Aerolite Meteorites ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email Aerolite Meteorites
African Arts & Minerals ---- Bellflower CA ---- Email African Arts & Minerals
Agates by Rock of Ages ---- Bailey CO ---- Email Agates by Rock of Ages
Agates From Argentina ---- Argentina ---- Email Agates From Argentina
Alan’s Quality Minerals ---- Mt. Laurel NJ ---- Email Alan’s Quality Minerals
Alexander’s Jewelers ---- Gilbert AZ ---- Email Alexander’s Jewelers
Alexander’s Jewelers ---- Gilbert AZ ---- Email Alexander’s Jewelers
Alpine Mineral Company ---- Lawrence KS ---- Email Alpine Mineral Company
Al-Rehman Gems & Minerals ---- Pakistan ---- Email Al-Rehman Gems & Minerals
Amatistas Uruguay ---- Uruguay ---- Email Amatistas Uruguay
Amatistas Uruguay ---- Uruguay ---- Email Amatistas Uruguay
Amber America ---- Bath PA ---- Email Amber America
Amber and Larimar by Jim Work ---- Central Point OR ---- Email Amber and Larimar by Jim Work
Andreys Spectrolite LTD ---- Finland ---- Email Andreys Spectrolite LTD
Angela Conty Designs ---- Salisbury MA ---- Email Angela Conty Designs
Apex Fine Minerals ---- Reno NV ---- Email Apex Fine Minerals
Aradon Pty. Ltd. ---- Australia ---- Email Aradon Pty. Ltd.
Atkinson Leo Studio ---- Steamboat Springs CO ---- Email Atkinson Leo Studio
Ausrox/Crystal Universe ---- Australia ---- Email Ausrox/Crystal Universe
Australian Minerals ---- Tasmania ---- Email Australian Minerals
Axinite PM - Russia ---- Russia ---- Email Axinite PM - Russia
Baltic Research ---- Latvia ---- Email Baltic Research
Barlow’s ---- Cave Creek AZ ---- Email Barlow’s
Barnett Fine Minerals ---- Buchanan Dam TX ---- Email Barnett Fine Minerals
Black Cat Mountain Trilobites ---- Clarita OK ---- Email Black Cat Mountain Trilobites
Black Hills Institute ---- Hill City SD ---- Email Black Hills Institute
Brazarte ---- Aurora CO ---- Email Brazarte
Bulgarian Minerals & Gems ---- Sofia Bulgaria ---- Email Bulgarian Minerals & Gems
Burillo Luis Minerals ---- Spain ---- Email Burillo Luis Minerals
Butterflies by God ---- Maryland Heights MO ---- Email Butterflies by God
Canada Fossils Ltd. ---- Canada ---- Email Canada Fossils Ltd.
Capetown Matrix Crystals ---- Asheville NC ---- Email Capetown Matrix Crystals
Caplette Lapidary ---- Azusa CA ---- Email Caplette Lapidary
Carion Minerals - France ---- France ---- Email Carion Minerals - France
Cecile Collection Inc. ---- Pasadena CA ---- Email Cecile Collection Inc.
Changsha Shiyuantang Jewelry Trade Co. ---- China ---- Email Changsha Shiyuantang Jewelry Trade Co.
Chatta Souheil ---- France ---- Email Chatta Souheil
Cherohala Trading ---- Crossville TN ---- Email Cherohala Trading
Chinese American Art Craft ---- El Cerrito CA ---- Email Chinese American Art Craft
Cinderhill ---- Meadow Vista CA ---- Email Cinderhill
Clive Queit ---- South Africa ---- Email Clive Queit
Club Mineral Russia ---- Russia ---- Email Club Mineral Russia
Collector’s Edge Minerals Inc. ---- Golden CO ---- Email Collector’s Edge Minerals Inc.
Collector's Edge Minerals Inc. ---- Golden CO ---- Email Collector's Edge Minerals Inc.
ColoradoMinerals.co ---- Ouray CO ---- Email ColoradoMinerals.co
Comet Meteorite Shop ---- Russia ---- Email Comet Meteorite Shop
Cornerstone Minerals ---- Asheville NC ---- Email Cornerstone Minerals
Cornerstone Minerals ---- Asheville NC ---- Email Cornerstone Minerals
Cornish John Minerals ---- Port Angeles WA ---- Email Cornish John Minerals
Corrado Vietti ---- Italy ---- Email Corrado Vietti
Crate Guys The ---- Colorado Springs CO ---- Email Crate Guys The
Crystal Circle L.L.C. The ---- Morrow OH ---- Email Crystal Circle L.L.C. The
Crystal Classics Fine Minerals ---- England ---- Email Crystal Classics Fine Minerals
Crystal Classics Fine Minerals ---- England ---- Email Crystal Classics Fine Minerals
Crystal Habit ---- Australia ---- Email Crystal Habit
Crystal Junction ---- Grass Valley CA ---- Email Crystal Junction
Crystal Springs Mining & Jewelry Co. ---- Hot Springs AR ---- Email Crystal Springs Mining & Jewelry Co.
Crystal Springs Mining & Jewelry Co. ---- Hot Springs AR ---- Email Crystal Springs Mining & Jewelry Co.
Crystal World & Prehistoric Journeys ---- Australia ---- Email Crystal World & Prehistoric Journeys
Crystal World & Prehistoric Journeys - Australia ---- Australia ---- Email Crystal World & Prehistoric Journeys - Australia
Crystar Gem Minerals China ---- China ---- Email Crystar Gem Minerals China
Custom LED DIsplay Lights ---- Sebastopol CA ---- Email Custom LED DIsplay Lights
Custom Paleo ---- Ardmore OK ----
Cut Edge Gems ---- Boulder CO ---- Email Cut Edge Gems
D & M Rock & Gem ---- Vista CA ---- Email D & M Rock & Gem
Dai’s Rock Shop ---- China ---- Email Dai’s Rock Shop
Deccan Minerals Inc. ---- India ---- Email Deccan Minerals Inc.
Del Rey Agates ---- El Paso TX ---- Email Del Rey Agates
Demin Sergey ---- Russia ---- Email Demin Sergey
Digger Glass ---- Shelburne Falls MA ---- Email Digger Glass
Dinosaurs Down Under ---- Australia ---- Email Dinosaurs Down Under
Disten Ltd. ---- Russia ---- Email Disten Ltd.
Earth Science International ---- India ---- Email Earth Science International
Earth Science International ---- India ---- Email Earth Science International
Earth’s Treasures ---- Santa Clara CA ---- Email Earth’s Treasures
Eegooblago Meteorites ---- Greeley CO ---- Email Eegooblago Meteorites
Efimenko Alexander ---- Russia ---- Email Efimenko Alexander
ELKK Meteorites ---- Oro Valley AZ ---- Email ELKK Meteorites
ET Meteorites ---- Lake Oswego OR ---- Email ET Meteorites
Ethiopian Opal Exporter ---- Ethopia ---- Email Ethiopian Opal Exporter
Eurofossils ---- Germany ---- Email Eurofossils
Exotic Minerals of Russia ---- Princeton Jct. NJ ---- Email Exotic Minerals of Russia
Fabre Minerals ---- Spain ---- Email Fabre Minerals
Farber Minerals ---- Germany ---- Email Farber Minerals
Fender Natural Resources ---- Richardson TX ---- Email Fender Natural Resources
Fenn’s Gems & Minerals ---- Mesilla Park NM ---- Email Fenn’s Gems & Minerals
Fine Art Minerals ---- Pakistan ---- Email Fine Art Minerals
Fine Chinese Mineral-Honglin Museum ---- China ---- Email Fine Chinese Mineral-Honglin Museum
Floating Stones ---- Australia ---- Email Floating Stones
Fossilien Galerie Bad Homburg ---- Germany ---- Email Fossilien Galerie Bad Homburg
Fossilien Galerie Bad Homburg ---- Germany ---- Email Fossilien Galerie Bad Homburg
Fossilien Galerie Manfred Wolf ---- Germany ---- Email Fossilien Galerie Manfred Wolf
Fossils-Meteorites.com ---- Micanopy FL ---- Email Fossils-Meteorites.com
Fossils-UK.com ---- England ---- Email Fossils-UK.com
From Stone Age to Space Age ---- Belgium ---- Email From Stone Age to Space Age
Gao Duan Mineral & Gem Museum ---- China ---- Email Gao Duan Mineral & Gem Museum
Garsow John E. Gems & Minerals ---- Murrieta CA ---- Email Garsow John E. Gems & Minerals
Gem & Gold Creations ---- Scottsdale AZ ---- Email Gem & Gold Creations
Gem Connection Inc. The ---- Upland CA ---- Email Gem Connection Inc. The
Gem Connection Inc. The ---- Upland CA ---- Email Gem Connection Inc. The
Gemas N.O. ---- Miami FL ---- Email Gemas N.O.
Gem-Fare ---- Pittstown NJ ---- Email Gem-Fare
Gemini Minerals ---- San Diego CA ---- Email Gemini Minerals
Gems & Mineral Depot ---- Bear DE ---- Email Gems & Mineral Depot
Geoff Thomas Fossils ---- Australia ---- Email Geoff Thomas Fossils
Geofil Lda ---- Mozambique ---- Email Geofil Lda
Geometa Ltda - Brazil ---- Brazil ---- Email Geometa Ltda - Brazil
Geonica Inc. ---- Studio City CA ---- Email Geonica Inc.
Geonica Inc. ---- Studio City CA ---- Email Geonica Inc.
Georocks ---- Russia ---- Email Georocks
Geoscience Industries ---- Ft. Collins CO ---- Email Geoscience Industries
Ginkgo Gem Shop ---- Vantage WA ---- Email Ginkgo Gem Shop
Global Treasures ---- Quartzsite AZ ---- Email Global Treasures
Gold Bugs Trilobites ---- Watertown NY ---- Email Gold Bugs Trilobites
Gold Nuggets Exports ---- Australia ---- Email Gold Nuggets Exports
Gordian Minerals - Canada ---- Canada ---- Email Gordian Minerals - Canada
Great Basin Minerals ---- Reno NV ---- Email Great Basin Minerals
Great Wall Mineral Museum ---- China ---- Email Great Wall Mineral Museum
Green Mountain Minerals ---- Beacon NY ---- Email Green Mountain Minerals
Green River Stone Company ---- Logan UT ---- Email Green River Stone Company
Grenville Minerals - Canada ---- Canada ---- Email Grenville Minerals - Canada
H.K.Meteorites- Uruguay ---- Uruguay ---- Email H.K.Meteorites- Uruguay
Habibi Meteorites / BC Meteorites ---- Morocco ---- Email Habibi Meteorites / BC Meteorites
Hard Works ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email Hard Works
Horizon Mineral & Lapidary ---- Lewes DE ---- Email Horizon Mineral & Lapidary
Houghton Estate Sales ---- Calumet MI ---- Email Houghton Estate Sales
Huan Qiu Crystal Mineral Museum ---- China ---- Email Huan Qiu Crystal Mineral Museum
Hunan Sinophile Mineral Museum ---- China ---- Email Hunan Sinophile Mineral Museum
Hyrsl Jaroslav ---- Czech Rep ---- Email Hyrsl Jaroslav
Impactika Meteorites ---- Denver CO ---- Email Impactika Meteorites
In the Beginning Fossils ---- Custer SD ---- Email In the Beginning Fossils
Indus Valley Commerce ---- India ---- Email Indus Valley Commerce
Infinity Trading ---- Sarasota FL ---- Email Infinity Trading
Inside Passage Arts ---- Skagway AK ---- Email Inside Passage Arts
Intergeoresource Ltd. ---- Bulgaria ---- Email Intergeoresource Ltd.
Iteco Inc ---- Powell OH ---- Email Iteco Inc
J.K. Stone ---- Aurora CO ---- Email J.K. Stone
Jeanne's Rock Shop ---- Bellaire TX ---- Email Jeanne's Rock Shop
Jentsch Minerals & Rough Stones ---- Germany ---- Email Jentsch Minerals & Rough Stones
Jewel Tunnel Imports ---- Baldwin Park CA ---- Email Jewel Tunnel Imports
Jinan Chinese Mineral Trading Co. Ltd. ---- China ---- Email Jinan Chinese Mineral Trading Co. Ltd.
JR Minerals - Pakistan ---- Austria ---- Email JR Minerals - Pakistan
Jungle Buyer The ---- Keller TX ---- Email Jungle Buyer The
Kalachev Viacheslav ---- Russia ---- Email Kalachev Viacheslav
KARP ---- Czech Rep ---- Email KARP
KARP - Czech Republic ---- Czech Rep ---- Email KARP - Czech Republic
Keshav Trading Company ---- India ---- Email Keshav Trading Company
Keweenaw Gem & Gift Inc. ---- Houghton MI ---- Email Keweenaw Gem & Gift Inc.
Khyber Mineral Co. ---- Westmont IL ---- Email Khyber Mineral Co.
Kilian Collection The ---- Oro Valley AZ ---- Email Kilian Collection The
Kiros Teklu Import Exports ---- Ethopia ---- Email Kiros Teklu Import Exports
Komodo Dragon ---- The Dalles OR ---- Email Komodo Dragon
Komodo Dragon ---- The Dalles OR ---- Email Komodo Dragon
Korite International ---- Canada ---- Email Korite International
Kristalle ---- Laguna Beach CA ---- Email Kristalle
Kristalle ---- Laguna Beach CA ---- Email Kristalle
La Concha ---- Hawthorne CA ---- Email La Concha
La Memoire de la Terre ---- France ---- Email La Memoire de la Terre
La Spirale du Temps ---- France ---- Email La Spirale du Temps
Labenne Meteorites ---- France ---- Email Labenne Meteorites
Le Stage Minerals ---- Uruguay ---- Email Le Stage Minerals
Le Stage Minerals ---- Uruguay ---- Email Le Stage Minerals
Le Sueur Minerals & Gems ---- Canada ---- Email Le Sueur Minerals & Gems
Lehmann Minerals ---- Benton CA ---- Email Lehmann Minerals
Lindgren Fossils L.L.C. ---- Evanston WY ---- Email Lindgren Fossils L.L.C.
Lindgren Fossils L.L.C. ---- Evanston WY ---- Email Lindgren Fossils L.L.C.
Lithographie ---- Denver CO ---- Email Lithographie
Little Big Stone ---- Madagascar ---- Email Little Big Stone
Lowcountry Geologic ---- Charleston SC ---- Email Lowcountry Geologic
Lucio Alvaro Minerals ---- Brazil ---- Email Lucio Alvaro Minerals
Madagascar Specimens ---- Madagascar ---- Email Madagascar Specimens
Majestic Minerals ---- Potsdam NY ---- Email Majestic Minerals
Malachite and Gems of Africa ---- Greece NY ---- Email Malachite and Gems of Africa
Marjan Fossils & Minerals ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email Marjan Fossils & Minerals
Matrix India ---- India ---- Email Matrix India
Maxilla & Mandible Ltd. ---- New York NY ---- Email Maxilla & Mandible Ltd.
McCarthy’s Fossils ---- Mount Pleasant SC ---- Email McCarthy’s Fossils
McNeil’s Minerals ---- Olive Branch MS ---- Email McNeil’s Minerals
Menezes Luis Minerals ---- Brazil ---- Email Menezes Luis Minerals
Menezes Luis Minerals ---- Brazil ---- Email Menezes Luis Minerals
Merk Howard Minerals ---- Westbrook CT ---- Email Merk Howard Minerals
Meteorite Collection ---- Czech Rep ---- Email Meteorite Collection
MeteoriteHunter.com ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email MeteoriteHunter.com
Mexgems ---- Venice CA ---- Email Mexgems
Midwest Minerals ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email Midwest Minerals
Mike Hoffman ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email Mike Hoffman
Mine Invest Brazil Ltda. ---- Brazil ---- Email Mine Invest Brazil Ltda.
Mineral & Fossil Supply ---- Denver CO ---- Email Mineral & Fossil Supply
Mineral Decor ---- India ---- Email Mineral Decor
Mineral Movies ---- East Haddam CT ---- Email Mineral Movies
Mineral Sarai Co. Ltd. - Japan ---- Japan ---- Email Mineral Sarai Co. Ltd. - Japan
Mineralogical Almanac ---- Russia ---- Email Mineralogical Almanac
Mineralogical Record ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email Mineralogical Record
Minerals & Collectors’ Gems ---- Brazil ---- Email Minerals & Collectors’ Gems
Minerama USA ---- France ---- Email Minerama USA
Mo’s Meteorites ---- Germany ---- Email Mo’s Meteorites
Mohammad Akbar Jewellery Stone ---- Afghanistan ---- Email Mohammad Akbar Jewellery Stone
Moldavite Mining ---- Czech Rep ---- Email Moldavite Mining
Mountain Mark Trading ---- Elizabeth CO ---- Email Mountain Mark Trading
Mountain Minerals Int’l ---- Louisville CO ---- Email Mountain Minerals Int’l
Moussa Minerals & Fossils ---- England ---- Email Moussa Minerals & Fossils
Moussa Minerals & Fossils ---- England ---- Email Moussa Minerals & Fossils
Moussa Minerals & Fossils - England ---- UK ---- Email Moussa Minerals & Fossils - England
Muller Peter Stonecarvings ---- Brazil ---- Email Muller Peter Stonecarvings
Murph’s ---- Tigard OR ---- Email Murph’s
Mystic Crystal & Mineral Traders ---- Folsom CA ---- Email Mystic Crystal & Mineral
Natural Selection Crystals ---- Gainesville GA ---- Email Natural Selection Crystals
Nature’s Art 2000 ---- Grass Valley CA ---- Email Nature’s Art 2000
Nayab Gems & Minerals ---- Brownstown MI ---- Email Nayab Gems & Minerals
New Era Gems ---- Grass Valley CA ---- Email New Era Gems
Nooristan Crystal Hunter ---- Netherlands ---- Email Nooristan Crystal Hunter
Norcross Madagascar (US) ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email Norcross Madagascar (US)
Nord Fossil - Germany ---- Germany ---- Email Nord Fossil - Germany
North Rose Trade International ---- Pakistan ---- Email North Rose Trade International
North Star Minerals LLC ---- Traverse City MI ---- Email North Star Minerals LLC
Olson Donald K. & Associates ---- Bonsall CA ---- Email Olson Donald K. & Associates
Onyx and Antler Gallery ---- Jackson Hole WY ---- Email Onyx and Antler Gallery
Open-Adit West ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email Open-Adit West
Pak Gems & Minerals ---- Pakistan ---- Email Pak Gems & Minerals
PakAfghan Gems and Mineral ---- San Diego CA ---- Email PakAfghan Gems and Mineral
Paleo Facts ---- Fallbrook CA ---- Email Paleo Facts
Paleo-Passion ---- France ---- Email Paleo-Passion
PaleoSearch Inc. ---- Hays KS ---- Email PaleoSearch Inc.
PaleoTools ---- Brigham City UT ---- Email PaleoTools
Pan-Geo ---- Warner Springs CA ---- Email Pan-Geo
Pani Meteorites Minerals & Fossils ---- Austria ---- Email Pani Meteorites Minerals & Fossils
Patagonia Minerals ---- Argentina ---- Email Patagonia Minerals
Paul William Bell ---- Corrales NM ---- Email Paul William Bell
Peak Valley Gems & Minerals ---- Pakistan ---- Email Peak Valley Gems & Minerals
Petrov Alfredo - Japan ---- Desert Hot Springs CA ---- Email Petrov Alfredo - Japan
Pinnacle 5 Minerals Specials ---- Manitou Springs CO ---- Email Pinnacle 5 Minerals Specials
Pinnacle 5 Minerals L.L.C. ---- Manitou Springs CO ---- Email Pinnacle 5 Minerals L.L.C.
Piritas de Navajun S.L. ---- Spain ---- Email Piritas de Navajun S.L.
Pitas Pens ---- Moab UT ---- Email Pitas Pens
Polychrom Minerals ---- France ---- Email Polychrom Minerals
Porte du Sahara - Morocco ---- Morocco ---- Email Porte du Sahara - Morocco
Primme Minerals ---- India ---- Email Primme Minerals
Profit L.L.C. ---- Omaha NE ---- Email Profit L.L.C.
Profit L.L.C. ---- Omaha NE ---- Email Profit L.L.C.
Pustov Yury ---- Russia ---- Email Pustov Yury
Quality Minerals ---- Russia ---- Email Quality Minerals
Raj Minerals Inc. ---- Carteret NJ ---- Email Raj Minerals Inc.
Ramos Minerals SRL - Peru ---- Peru ---- Email Ramos Minerals SRL - Peru
Red Beryl Co. ---- Delta UT ---- Email Red Beryl Co.
Richard Shupe Minerals ---- Fresno CA ---- Email Richard Shupe Minerals
Riveria Gems & Minerals ---- Pakistan ---- Email Riveria Gems & Minerals
RJB Rock Shop ---- Rapid City SD ---- Email RJB Rock Shop
Rock Decor ---- Reno NV ---- Email Rock Decor
Rocko Minerals & Jewelry Inc. ---- Margaretville NY ---- Email Rocko Minerals & Jewelry Inc.
Rockology ---- Tempe AZ ---- Email Rockology
Rocks & Minerals Magazine ---- Cincinnati OH ---- Email Rocks & Minerals Magazine
Russell-Zuhl ---- Holyoke MA ---- Email Russell-Zuhl
Russian Minerals Co. ---- Russia ---- Email Russian Minerals Co.
Ryan Smith Minerals ---- Cheshire CT ---- Email Ryan Smith Minerals
Sahara Overland ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email Sahara Overland
Sahara Overland ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email Sahara Overland
Sahara Sand ---- Morocco ---- Email Sahara Sand
Samora Minerals & Amber ---- Minden NV ---- Email Samora Minerals & Amber
Sattar Gems & Minerals ---- Pakistan ---- Email Sattar Gems & Minerals
Schaezle Art Inc. ---- Billings MT ---- Email Schaezle Art Inc.
Scovil Photography ---- Phoenix AZ ---- Email Scovil Photography
Seibel Minerals ---- Tehachapi CA ---- Email Seibel Minerals
Self-A-Ware Minerals ---- Indian Hills CO ---- Email Self-A-Ware Minerals
SGI Minerals Ltd. ---- Bulgaria ---- Email SGI Minerals Ltd.
Shicheng Mineral & Jewelry Exhibition Hall ---- China ---- Email Shicheng Mineral & Jewelry Exhibition Hall
Shree Sai Minerals ---- India ---- Email Shree Sai Minerals
Sibi’s Rare Crystals ---- India ---- Email Sibi’s Rare Crystals
Skornyakov Viacheslav Meteorites ---- Russia ---- Email Skornyakov Viacheslav Meteorites
Southern African Minerals ---- South Africa ---- Email Southern African Minerals
Sphere’s To You ---- Westlake Village CA ---- Email Sphere’s To You
Spirifer Minerals ---- Poland ---- Email Spirifer Minerals
Stardust by Meelheim & Scott ---- Lynchburg VA ---- Email Stardust by Meelheim & Scott
Stone Age Gifts ---- China ---- Email Stone Age Gifts
Stoneworld Ltd. ---- Russia ---- Email Stoneworld Ltd.
Sumayer Gems ---- Pakistan ---- Email Sumayer Gems
Sunnywood Collection The ---- Aurora CO ---- Email Sunnywood Collection The
Swan Lake Gems ---- Australia ---- Email Swan Lake Gems
Syed Trading Co. ---- Pakistan ---- Email Syed Trading Co.
Sztacho Petr ---- Czech Rep ---- Email Sztacho Petr
Terra Trilobites ---- Czech Rep ---- Email Terra Trilobites
Throwin’ Stones ---- Asheville NC ---- Email Throwin’ Stones
Tideline ---- Inglewood CA ---- Email Tideline
Tom Witherspoon Fossils ---- Crawfordsville IN ---- Email Tom Witherspoon Fossils
Top Shelf Minerals ---- Mandeville LA ---- Email Top Shelf Minerals
Tower Gallery ---- Netherlands ---- Email Tower Gallery
Tresor De L’Atlasse ---- Morocco ---- Email Tresor De L’Atlasse
Trilobites of America ---- Fairfield OH ---- Email Trilobites of America
Tucson Store Fixture Co ---- Tucson AZ ---- Email Tucson Store Fixture Co
Tynsky’s Fossil Fish Inc. ---- Kemmerer WY ---- Email Tynsky’s Fossil Fish Inc.
U.K. Mining Ventures ---- San Francisco CA ---- Email U.K. Mining Ventures
Ulrich's Fossil Gallery ---- Kemmerer WY ---- Email Ulrich's Fossil Gallery
Valenzuela’s Minerals ---- Gilbert AZ ---- Email Valenzuela’s Minerals
Valere Berlage Minerals ---- Belgium ---- Email Valere Berlage Minerals
Vasconcelos - Brazil ---- Brazil ---- Email Vasconcelos - Brazil
Vasconcelos - Brazil ---- Brazil ---- Email Vasconcelos - Brazil
Vasconcelos - Multigemas ---- Brazil ---- Email Vasconcelos - Multigemas
Voelter Fine Minerals ---- Abilene TX ---- Email Voelter Fine Minerals
Warfield Fossil Quarries Inc. ---- Thayne WY ---- Email Warfield Fossil Quarries Inc.
Way Too Cool L.L.C. ---- Glendale AZ ---- Email Way Too Cool L.L.C.
We Are Gems ---- China ---- Email We Are Gems
WebMinerals S.A.S. ---- Italy ---- Email WebMinerals S.A.S.
Wendel Mineralien ---- Germany ---- Email Wendel Mineralien
Wendy’s Minerals Co. ---- Rowland Heights CA ---- Email Wendy’s Minerals Co.
West Coast Mining ---- College Place WA ---- Email West Coast Mining
Whitney’s Rocks to Gems ---- Chester ME ---- Email Whitney’s Rocks to Gems
Wild West Rock & Jewelry Co. ---- Show Low AZ ---- Email Wild West Rock & Jewelry Co.
Wilson’s Pedras ---- Brazil ---- Email Wilson’s Pedras
Wonderworks ---- Cambria CA ---- Email Wonderworks
Wood Bruce Minerals ---- Puyallup WA ---- Email Wood Bruce Minerals
Xin Gui Rock Shop ---- China ---- Email Xin Gui Rock Shop
XTAL - Dennis Beals Minerals ---- Greenwood Village CO ---- Email XTAL - Dennis Beals Minerals
Yi Jing Mineral Jewelry Shop ---- China ---- Email Yi Jing Mineral Jewelry Shop
Zeb Mineralien -Germany/Afghanistan ---- Germany ---- Email Zeb Mineralien -Germany/Afghanistan
webcam
www.burg-hohenzollern.com/impressionen-webcam.html
24 km Beeline
Luftlinie 24 km
www.preussen.de/de/geschichte.html
Die Hohenzollern
Eine Dynastie, die Deutschland prägte
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Wie bei vielen Herrschergeschlechtern liegen auch Herkunft und Anfänge der Hohenzollern im Dunkel der Geschichte. Ihre erste urkundliche Erwähnung erfolgte in der „Weltenchronik“ des Reichenauer Mönches Berthold, der für das Jahr 1061 festhielt, dass die Brüder Wezil und Burchardus „de Zolorin“ im Kampf gefallen sind. Die Deutung des Namens „Zollern“ bzw. ab dem 14. Jahrhundert „Hohenzollern“ ist gleichfalls nicht eindeutig geklärt. Eventuell leitet sich der Name "Söller", "Zoller" vom lateinischen „mons solarius““, dem „Sonnenberg“ ab, was sich auf den 855 Meter hohen Bergkegel bezieht, auf dem sich der Stammsitz der Dynastie befindet.
Söller ist die gebräuchliche mittelalterliche Bezeichnung für einen erhabenen und freistehenden Berg.
In den Chroniken des 11. Jahrhunderts findet man zunächst den Namen von Zolre („von Söller“; nach der Lage der Burg) oder von Zolorin, später von Zollern und endlich von Hohenzollern.
Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts erlangte Graf Friedrich III. von Zollern durch Heirat das Amt des Burggrafen von Nürnberg. Aufgrund der geografischen Distanz zu den Stammlanden nahmen seine beiden Söhne zu Beginn des 13. Jahrhunderts eine Erbteilung vor, aus der die beiden bis heute bestehenden Hauptlinien der Hohenzollern hervorgingen: der schwäbische sowie der fränkische nachmals brandenburgisch-preußische Zweig des Hauses. Aus letzterem gingen 1411/15 die Kurfürsten von Brandenburg hervor sowie 1701 die preußischen Könige und 1871 zugleich die Deutschen Kaiser.
Er könnte heute Kaiser sein:
Regent Georg Friedrich Prinz von Preußen.
Doch nach dem verlorenen Ersten Weltkrieg brach die Monarchie in Deutschland wie ein Kartenhaus zusammen. Zu seiner Hochzeit mit Sophie Prinzessin von Isenburg im August 2011 kamen Blaublüter und VIPs aus ganz Europa, das Fernsehen berichtete live. Sonst lebt der jugendliche Chef des ehemals regierenden Königshauses Preußen eher zurückgezogen. Wenig erinnert noch an den Glanz von vor 100 Jahren, als zur Vermählung von Kaisertochter Prinzessin Victoria der englische König Georg und Russlands Zar Nikolaus anreisten. Ohne Thron, doch dem Erbe Preußens verpflichtet, kümmert sich Prinz Georg um die noch verbliebenen Reste des Familienbesitzes, wie die Stammburg der Hohenzollern bei Hechingen, heute ein Museum. Und vor allem will er die immer noch große Familie zusammenhalten.
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Über 300 Jahre haben preußische Herrscher deutsche Geschichte mitbestimmt. Männer wie der „Soldatenkönig“ Friedrich Wilhelm I., der die verschwenderische barocke Hofkultur in Potsdam abschaffte und die preußischen Tugenden - Sparsamkeit, Gehorsam, Disziplin - hoffähig machte.
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. Unter seiner Regentschaft Friderich des II. wurde aus Brandenburg-Preußen, dem Land der „Flicken und Flecken“, in drei Kriegen eine europäische Großmacht.
Der „alte Fritz“ – er ist nicht unumstritten, aber dennoch der Star der Dynastie, siegreicher Kriegsherr und Philosoph, Aufklärer und Musiker. Als „Friedrich der Große“ feierten ihn bereits die Zeitgenossen.
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www.burg-hohenzollern.com/startseite.html
www.Wissen de
Burchard und Wezil von Zolorin tauchen erstmalig 1061 in der Geschichtsschreibung auf. Auf Burchards Sohn Graf Friedrich I. († um 1125) folgten Friedrich II. (erwähnt 1125–1145) und dessen Sohn Friedrich III. († um 1200), der das Geschlecht nach Franken übersiedelte. Als treuer Gefolgsmann der Staufer und durch günstige Heirat wurde er als Friedrich I. kaiserlicher Burggraf von Nürnberg (1192 als solcher genannt). Seine Söhne begründeten zwei Linien: Friedrich II. († 1251/55) die schwäbische, später fürstliche und katholische Linie (unterteilt in Hechinger, Sigmaringer und Haigerlocher) und Konrad I. († um 1261) die fränkische Haupt- und Kurlinie.
Die
fränkische Linie
der Hohenzollern erlangte mit Friedrich VI., als Markgraf Friedrich I., 1415 die Markgrafschaft Brandenburg. Sie übte in den folgenden fünf Jahrhunderten größten Einfluss auf die brandenburgisch-preußische und die deutsche Geschichte aus; Brandenburg (Geschichte), Preußen (Geschichte). Durch die Dispositio Achillea von 1473 wurden die fränkischen Nebenlinien Ansbach und Bayreuth gegründet. Ihre Besitzungen fielen 1792 an Preußen.
Die
schwäbische Linie
teilte sich in die Linien Hohenzollern-Haigerloch, Hohenzollern-Hechingen und Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Hohenzollern-Haigerloch starb bereits 1634 aus. Die beiden Fürsten von Hohenzollern-Hechingen und Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen verzichteten 1849 auf ihre Souveränität zugunsten Preußens; ihre Länder wurden ein preußischer Regierungsbezirk.
Mit der Abdankung Kaiser Wilhelms II. (1918) endete der Einfluss der Hohenzollern auf die deutsche Geschichte. In der vermögensrechtlichen Auseinandersetzung mit dem preußischen Staat 1925/26 erhielten die direkten Nachkommen des Kaiserhauses 62 000 ha Land, darunter die schlesische Herrschaft Oels (Wohnsitz des 1923 nach Deutschland zurückgekehrten Kronprinzen Wilhelm), sowie 15 Mio. Reichsmark. Ein großer Teil dieser Ländereien ging den Hohenzollern durch den 2. Weltkrieg verloren.
Thomas Ruff: "Probably I’m working on a kind of grammar of the media. I want to understand how it works. I see images, and I don’t know how they were done; I have to find out how the image works, how we perceive it. The visible world is seen through the eyes, but it’s our brain that creates the images and our whole experience that gives meaning to what you see in the world. Especially in photography there’s still a lot of misunderstanding in regard to perception."
The Met: "Titled jpeg to indicate the digital pictures—anonymously created images downloaded off the Internet—from which they are derived, Ruff's newest works greatly expand the matrix of individual pixels in low-resolution files. The perceptual effect of this transformation—from the size of a computer screen to the grand scale of history paintings—is that the pictures seem to fragment and explode before our eyes, trailing off into a seemingly infinite progression of tonal shifts from pixel to pixel and in every direction. The disquieting result is that the iconic image of the attack on the World Trade Center seared in collective memory becomes ungraspable, fugitive, slippery, almost aqueous."
I wonder about this phrase: anonymously created images downloaded off the Internet. In a way such a statement seems to invoke a sort of Mediaeval, authorless mode of production. But in fact an image is not anonymous simply because it is "on the Internet". Someone created the image. But it raises an interesting question: why do we perceive images "on the Internet" as being anonymous?
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ALBANIA
Albanian Trilogy: A Series of Devious Stratagems
Armando Lulaj
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marco Scotini. Deputy Curator: Andris Brinkmanis. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ANDORRA
Inner Landscapes
Roqué, Joan Xandri
Commissioner: Henry Périer. Deputy Commissioner: Joana Baygual, Sebastià Petit, Francesc Rodríguez
Curator: Paolo de Grandis, Josep M. Ubach. Venue: Spiazzi, Castello 3865
ANGOLA
On Ways of Travelling
António Ole, Binelde Hyrcan, Délio Jasse, Francisco Vidal, Nelo Teixeira
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Rita Guedes Tavares. Curator: António Ole. Deputy Curator: Antonia Gaeta. Venue: Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello - Palazzo Pisani, San Marco 2810
ARGENTINA
The Uprising of Form
Juan Carlos Diste´fano
Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace. Curator: Mari´a Teresa Constantin. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
ARMENIA, Republic of
Armenity / Haiyutioun
Haig Aivazian, Lebanon; Nigol Bezjian, Syria/USA; Anna Boghiguian Egypt/Canada; Hera Büyüktasçiyan, Turkey; Silvina Der-Meguerditchian, Argentina/Germany; Rene Gabri & Ayreen Anastas, Iran/Palestine/USA; Mekhitar Garabedian, Belgium; Aikaterini Gegisian, Greece; Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Italy; Aram Jibilian, USA; Nina Katchadourian, USA/Finland; Melik Ohanian, France; Mikayel Ohanjanyan, Armenia/Italy; Rosana Palazyan, Brazil; Sarkis, Turkey/France; Hrair Sarkissian, Syria/UK
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Armenia. Deputy Commissioner: Art for the World, Mekhitarist Congregation of San Lazzaro Island, Embassy of the Republic of Armenia in Italy, Vartan Karapetian. Curator: Adelina Cüberyan von Fürstenberg. Venue: Monastery and Island of San Lazzaro degli Armeni
AUSTRALIA
Fiona Hall: Wrong Way Time
Fiona Hall
Commissioner: Simon Mordant AM. Deputy Commissioner: Charles Green. Curator: Linda Michael. Scientific Committee: Simon Mordant AM, Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev, Max Delany, Rachel Kent, Danie Mellor, Suhanya Raffel, Leigh Robb. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AUSTRIA
Heimo Zobernig
Commissioner: Yilmaz Dziewior. Curator: Yilmaz Dziewior. Scientific Committee: Friends of the Venice Biennale. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
AZERBAIJAN, Republic of
Beyond the Line
Ashraf Murad, Javad Mirjavadov, Tofik Javadov, Rasim Babayev, Fazil Najafov, Huseyn Hagverdi, Shamil Najafzada
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: de Pury de Pury, Emin Mammadov. Venue: Palazzo Lezze, Campo S.Stefano, San Marco 2949
Vita Vitale
Edward Burtynsky, Mircea Cantor, Loris Cecchini, Gordon Cheung, Khalil Chishtee, Tony Cragg, Laura Ford, Noemie Goudal, Siobhán Hapaska, Paul Huxley, IDEA laboratory and Leyla Aliyeva, Chris Jordan with Rebecca Clark and Helena S.Eitel, Tania Kovats, Aida Mahmudova, Sayyora Muin, Jacco Olivier, Julian Opie, Julian Perry, Mike Perry, Bas Princen, Stephanie Quayle, Ugo Rondinone, Graham Stevens, Diana Thater, Andy Warhol, Bill Woodrow, Erwin Wurm, Rose Wylie
Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Curators: Artwise: Susie Allen, Laura Culpan, Dea Vanagan. Venue: Ca’ Garzoni, San Marco 3416
BELARUS, Republic of
War Witness Archive
Konstantin Selikhanov
Commissioner: Natallia Sharanhovich. Deputy Commissioners: Alena Vasileuskaya, Kamilia Yanushkevich. Curators: Aleksei Shinkarenko, Olga Rybchinskaya. Scientific Committee: Dmitry Korol, Daria Amelkovich, Julia Kondratyuk, Sergei Jeihala, Sheena Macfarlane, Yuliya Heisik, Hanna Samarskaya, Taras Kaliahin, Aliaksandr Stasevich. Venue: Riva San Biagio, Castello 2145
BELGIUM
Personnes et les autres
Vincent Meessen and Guests, Mathieu K. Abonnenc, Sammy Baloji, James Beckett, Elisabetta Benassi, Patrick Bernier & Olive Martin, Tamar Guimara~es & Kasper Akhøj, Maryam Jafri, Adam Pendleton
Commissioner: Wallonia-Brussels Federation and Wallonia-Brussels International. Curator: Katerina Gregos. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
COSTA RICA
"Costa Rica, Paese di pace, invita a un linguaggio universale d'intesa tra i popoli".
Andrea Prandi, Beatrice Gallori, Beth Parin, Biagio Schembari, Carla Castaldo, Celestina Avanzini, Cesare Berlingeri, Erminio Tansini, Fabio Capitanio, Fausto Beretti, Giovan Battista Pedrazzini, Giovanni Lamberti, Giovanni Tenga, Iana Zanoskar, Jim Prescott, Leonardo Beccegato, Liliana Scocco, Lucia Bolzano, Marcela Vicuna, Marco Bellagamba, Marco Lodola, Maria Gioia dell’Aglio, Mario Bernardinello, Massimo Meucci, Nacha Piattini, Omar Ronda, Renzo Eusebi, Tita Patti, Romina Power, Rubens Fogacci, Silvio di Pietro, Stefano Sichel, Tino Stefanoni, Ufemia Ritz, Ugo Borlenghi, Umberto Mariani, Venere Chillemi, Jacqueline Gallicot Madar, Massimo Onnis, Fedora Spinelli
Commissioner: Ileana Ordonez Chacon. Curator: Gregorio Rossi. Venue: Palazzo Bollani
CROATIA
Studies on Shivering: The Third Degree
Damir Ocko
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Marc Bembekoff. Venue: Palazzo Pisani, S. Marina
CUBA
El artista entre la individualidad y el contexto
Lida Abdul, Celia-Yunior, Grethell Rasúa, Giuseppe Stampone, LinYilin, Luis Edgardo Gómez Armenteros, Olga Chernysheva, Susana Pilar Delahante Matienzo
Commissioner: Miria Vicini. Curators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza. Venue: San Servolo Island
CYPRUS, Republic of
Two Days After Forever
Christodoulos Panayiotou
Commissioner: Louli Michaelidou. Deputy Commissioner: Angela Skordi. Curator: Omar Kholeif. Deputy Curator: Daniella Rose King. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, Sestiere San Marco 3079
CZECH Republic and SLOVAK Republic
Apotheosis
Jirí David
Commissioner: Adam Budak. Deputy Commissioner: Barbara Holomkova. Curator: Katarina Rusnakova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ECUADOR
Gold Water: Apocalyptic Black Mirrors
Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla in collaboration with Lucia Vallarino Peet
Commissioner: Andrea Gonzàlez Sanchez. Deputy Commissioner: PDG Arte Communications. Curator: Ileana Cornea. Deputy Curator: Maria Veronica Leon Veintemilla. Venue: Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello 3701
ESTONIA
NSFW. From the Abyss of History
Jaanus Samma
Commissioner: Maria Arusoo. Curator: Eugenio Viola. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero, campo San Samuele, San Marco 3199
EGYPT
CAN YOU SEE
Ahmed Abdel Fatah, Gamal Elkheshen, Maher Dawoud
Commissioner: Hany Al Ashkar. Curator: Ministry of Culture. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FINLAND (Pavilion Alvar Aalto)
Hours, Years, Aeons
IC-98
Commissioner: Frame Visual Art Finland, Raija Koli. Curator: Taru Elfving. Deputy Curator: Anna Virtanen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
FRANCE
revolutions
Céleste Boursier-Mougenot
Commissioner: Institut français, with Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Curator: Emma Lavigne. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GEORGIA
Crawling Border
Rusudan Gobejishvili Khizanishvili, Irakli Bluishvili, Dimitri Chikvaidze, Joseph Sabia
Commissioner: Ana Riaboshenko. Curator: Nia Mgaloblishvili. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
GERMANY
Fabrik
Jasmina Metwaly / Philip Rizk, Olaf Nicolai, Hito Steyerl, Tobias Zielony
Commissioner: ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) on behalf of the Federal Foreign Office. Deputy Commissioner: Elke aus dem Moore, Nina Hülsmeier. Curator: Florian Ebner. Deputy Curator: Tanja Milewsky, Ilina Koralova. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GREAT BRITAIN
Sarah Lucas
Commissioner: Emma Dexter. Curator: Richard Riley. Deputy Curator: Katrina Schwarz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
GRENADA *
Present Nearness
Oliver Benoit, Maria McClafferty, Asher Mains, Francesco Bosso and Carmine Ciccarini, Guiseppe Linardi
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: Susan Mains. Curator: Susan Mains. Deputy Curator: Francesco Elisei. Venue: Opera don Orione Artigianelli, Sala Tiziano, Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Gesuati, Dorsoduro 919
GREECE
Why Look at Animals? AGRIMIKÁ.
Maria Papadimitriou
Commissioner: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Education and Religious Affairs. Curator: Gabi Scardi. Deputy Curator: Alexios Papazacharias. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
BRAZIL
So much that it doesn't fit here
Antonio Manuel, André Komatsu, Berna Reale
Commissioner: Luis Terepins. Curator: Luiz Camillo Osorio. Deputy Curator: Cauê Alves. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CANADA
Canadassimo
BGL
Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Marc Mayer. Deputy Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada, Yves Théoret. Curator: Marie Fraser. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
CHILE
Poéticas de la disidencia | Poetics of dissent: Paz Errázuriz - Lotty Rosenfeld
Paz Errázuriz, Lotty Rosenfeld
Commissioner: Antonio Arèvalo. Deputy Commissioner: Juan Pablo Vergara Undurraga. Curator: Nelly Richard. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
CHINA, People’s Republic of
Other Future
LIU Jiakun, LU Yang, TAN Dun, WEN Hui/Living Dance Studio, WU Wenguang/Caochangdi Work Station
Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group, CAEG. Deputy Commissioners: Zhang Yu, Yan Dong. Curator: Beijing Contemporary Art Foundation. Scientific Committee: Fan Di’an, Zhang Zikang, Zhu Di, Gao Shiming, Zhu Qingsheng, Pu Tong, Shang Hui. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Giardino delle Vergini
GUATEMALA
Sweet Death
Emma Anticoli Borza, Sabrina Bertolelli, Mariadolores Castellanos, Max Leiva, Pier Domenico Magri, Adriana Montalto, Elmar Rojas (Elmar René Rojas Azurdia), Paolo Schmidlin, Mónica Serra, Elsie Wunderlich, Collettivo La Grande Bouffe
Commissioner: Daniele Radini Tedeschi. Curators: Stefania Pieralice, Carlo Marraffa, Elsie Wunderlich. Deputy Curators: Luciano Carini, Simone Pieralice. Venue: Officina delle Zattere, Dorsoduro 947, Fondamenta Nani
HOLY SEE
Commissioner: Em.mo Card. Gianfranco Ravasi, Presidente del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
HUNGARY
Sustainable Identities
Szilárd Cseke
Commissioner: Monika Balatoni. Deputy Commissioner: István Puskás, Sándor Fodor, Anna Karády. Curator: Kinga German. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ICELAND
Christoph Büchel
Commissioner: Björg Stefánsdóttir. Curator: Nína Magnúsdóttir. Venue: to be confirmed
INDONESIA, Republic of
Komodo Voyage
Heri Dono
Commissioner: Sapta Nirwandar. Deputy Commissioner: Soedarmadji JH Damais. Curator: Carla Bianpoen, Restu Imansari Kusumaningrum. Scientific Committee: Franco Laera, Asmudjo Jono Irianto, Watie Moerany, Elisabetta di Mambro. Venue: Venue: Arsenale
IRAN
Iranian Highlights
Samira Alikhanzaradeh, Mahmoud Bakhshi Moakhar, Jamshid Bayrami, Mohammed Ehsai
The Great Game
Lida Abdul, Bani Abidi, Adel Abidin, Amin Agheai, Ghodratollah Agheli, Shahriar Ahmadi, Parastou Ahovan, Farhad Ahrarnia, Rashad Alakbarov, Nazgol Ansarinia, Reza Aramesh, Alireza Astaneh, Sonia Balassanian, Mahmoud Bakhshi, Moakhar Wafaa Bilal, Mehdi Farhadian, Monir Farmanfarmaian, Shadi Ghadirian, Babak Golkar, Shilpa Gupta, Ghasem Hajizadeh, Shamsia Hassani, Sahand Hesamiyan, Sitara Ibrahimova, Pouran Jinchi, Amar Kanwar, Babak Kazemi, Ryas Komu, Ahmad Morshedloo, Farhad Moshiri, Mehrdad Mohebali, Huma Mulji, Azad Nanakeli, Jamal Penjweny, Imran Qureshi, Sara Rahbar, Rashid Rana, T.V. Santhosh, Walid Siti, Mohsen Taasha Wahidi, Mitra Tabrizian, Parviz Tanavoli, Newsha Tavakolian, Sadegh Tirafkan, Hema Upadhyay, Saira Wasim
Commissioner: Majid Mollanooruzi. Deputy Commissioners: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Curators: Marco Meneguzzo, Mazdak Faiznia. Venue: Calle San Giovanni 1074/B, Cannaregio
IRAQ
Commissioner: Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture in Iraq (RUYA). Deputy Commissioner: Nuova Icona - Associazione Culturale per le Arti. Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren. Venue: Ca' Dandolo, San Polo 2879
IRELAND
Adventure: Capital
Sean Lynch
Commissioner: Mike Fitzpatrick. Curator: Woodrow Kernohan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
ISRAEL
Tsibi Geva | Archeology of the Present
Tsibi Geva
Commissioner: Arad Turgem, Michael Gov. Curator: Hadas Maor. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ITALY
Ministero dei Beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo - Direzione Generale Arte e Architettura Contemporanee e Periferie Urbane. Commissioner: Federica Galloni. Curator: Vincenzo Trione. Venue: Padiglione Italia, Tese delle Vergini at Arsenale
JAPAN
The Key in the Hand
Chiharu Shiota
Commissioner: The Japan Foundation. Deputy Commissioner: Yukihiro Ohira, Manako Kawata and Haruka Nakajima. Curator: Hitoshi Nakano. Venue : Pavilion at Giardini
KENYA
Creating Identities
Yvonne Apiyo Braendle-Amolo, Qin Feng, Shi Jinsong, Armando Tanzini, Li Zhanyang, Lan Zheng Hui, Li Gang, Double Fly Art Center
Commissioner: Paola Poponi. Curator: Sandro Orlandi Stagl. Deputy Curator: Ding Xuefeng. Venue: San Servolo Island
KOREA, Republic of
The Ways of Folding Space & Flying
MOON Kyungwon & JEON Joonho
Commissioner: Sook-Kyung Lee. Curator: Sook-Kyung Lee. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
KOSOVO, Republic of
Speculating on the blue
Flaka Haliti
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. Curator: Nicolaus Schafhausen. Deputy Curator: Katharina Schendl. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
LATVIA
Armpit
Katrina Neiburga, Andris Eglitis
Commissioner: Solvita Krese (Latvian Centre for Contemporary Art). Deputy Commissioner: Kitija Vasiljeva. Curator: Kaspars Vanags. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
LITHUANIA
Museum
Dainius Liškevicius
Commissioner: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Deputy Commissioner: Rasa Antanaviciute. Curator: Vytautas Michelkevicius. Venue: Palazzo Zenobio, Fondamenta del Soccorso 2569, Dorsoduro
LUXEMBOURG, Grand Duchy of
Paradiso Lussemburgo
Filip Markiewicz
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Deputy Commissioner: MUDAM Luxembourg. Curator: Paul Ardenne. Venue: Cà Del Duca, Corte del Duca Sforza, San Marco 3052
MACEDONIA, Former Yugoslavian Republic of
We are all in this alone
Hristina Ivanoska and Yane Calovski
Commissioner: Maja Nedelkoska Brzanova, National Gallery of Macedonia. Deputy Commissioner: Olivija Stoilkova. Curator: Basak Senova. Deputy Curator: Maja Cankulovska Mihajlovska. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Sale d’Armi
MAURITIUS *
From One Citizen You Gather an Idea
Sultana Haukim, Nirmal Hurry, Alix Le Juge, Olga Jürgenson, Helge Leiberg, Krishna Luchoomun, Neermala Luckeenarain, Kavinash Thomoo, Bik Van Der Pol, Laure Prouvost, Vitaly Pushnitsky, Römer + Römer
Commissioner: pARTage. Curators: Alfredo Cramerotti, Olga Jürgenson. Venue: Palazzo Flangini - Canareggio 252
MEXICO
Possesing Nature
Tania Candiani, Luis Felipe Ortega
Commissioner: Tomaso Radaelli. Deputy Commissioner: Magdalena Zavala Bonachea. Curator: Karla Jasso. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
MONGOLIA *
Other Home
Enkhbold Togmidshiirev, Unen Enkh
Commissioner: Gantuya Badamgarav, MCASA. Curator: Uranchimeg Tsultemin. Scientific Committee: David A Ross, Boldbaatar Chultemin. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
MONTENEGRO
,,Ti ricordi Sjecaš li se You Remember "
Aleksandar Duravcevic
Commissioner/Curator: Anastazija Miranovic. Deputy Commissioner: Danica Bogojevic. Venue: Palazzo Malipiero (piano terra), San Marco 3078-3079/A, Ramo Malipiero
MOZAMBIQUE, Republic of *
Theme: Coexistence of Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Mozambique
Mozambique Artists
Commissioner: Joel Matias Libombo. Deputy Commissioner: Gilberto Paulino Cossa. Curator: Comissariado-Geral para a Expo Milano 2015. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
NETHERLANDS, The
herman de vries - to be all ways to be
herman de vries
Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund. Curators: Colin Huizing, Cees de Boer. Venue: Pavilion ar Giardini
NEW ZEALAND
Secret Power
Simon Denny
Commissioner: Heather Galbraith. Curator: Robert Leonard. Venue: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Marco Polo Airport
NORDIC PAVILION (NORWAY)
Camille Norment
Commissioner: OCA, Office for Contemporary Art Norway. Curator: Katya García-Antón. Deputy Curator: Antonio Cataldo. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PERU
Misplaced Ruins
Gilda Mantilla and Raimond Chaves
Commissioner: Armando Andrade de Lucio. Curator: Max Hernández-Calvo. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
PHILIPPINES
Tie a String Around the World
Manuel Conde, Carlos Francisco, Manny Montelibano, Jose Tence Ruiz
Commissioner: National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), Felipe M. de Leon Jr. Curator: Patrick D. Flores. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
POLAND
Halka/Haiti. 18°48’05”N 72°23’01”W
C.T. Jasper, Joanna Malinowska
Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska. Deputy Commissioner: Joanna Wasko. Curator: Magdalena Moskalewicz. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
PORTUGAL
I Will Be Your Mirror / poems and problems
João Louro
Commissioner/Curator: María de Corral. Venue: Palazzo Loredan, campo S. Stefano
ROMANIA
Adrian Ghenie: Darwin’s Room
Adrian Ghenie
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Mihai Pop. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
Inventing the Truth. On Fiction and Reality
Michele Bressan, Carmen Dobre-Hametner, Alex Mirutziu, Lea Rasovszky, Stefan Sava, Larisa Sitar
Commissioner: Monica Morariu. Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian. Curator: Diana Marincu. Deputy Curators: Ephemair Association (Suzana Dan and Silvia Rogozea). Venue: New Gallery of the Romanian Institute for Culture and Humanistic Research in Venice
RUSSIA
The Green Pavilion
Irina Nakhova
Commissioner: Stella Kesaeva. Curator: Margarita Tupitsyn. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SERBIA
United Dead Nations
Ivan Grubanov
Commissioner: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Commissioner: Ana Bogdanovic. Curator: Lidija Merenik. Deputy Curator: Ana Bogdanovic. Scientific Committee: Jovan Despotovic. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SAN MARINO
Repubblica di San Marino “ Friendship Project “ China
Xu De Qi, Liu Dawei, Liu Ruo Wang, Ma Yuan, Li Lei, Zhang Hong Mei, Eleonora Mazza, Giuliano Giulianelli, Giancarlo Frisoni, Tony Margiotta, Elisa Monaldi, Valentina Pazzini
Commissioner: Istituti Culturali della Repubblica di San Marino. Curator: Vincenzo Sanfo. Venue: TBC
SEYCHELLES, Republic of *
A Clockwork Sunset
George Camille, Léon Wilma Loïs Radegonde
Commissioner: Seychelles Art Projects Foundation. Curators: Sarah J. McDonald, Victor Schaub Wong. Venue: European Cultural Centre - Palazzo Mora
SINGAPORE
Sea State
Charles Lim Yi Yong
Commissioner: Paul Tan, National Arts Council, Singapore. Curator: Shabbir Hussain Mustafa. Scientific Committee: Eugene Tan, Kathy Lai, Ahmad Bin Mashadi, June Yap, Emi Eu, Susie Lingham, Charles Merewether, Randy Chan. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
SLOVENIA, Republic of
UTTER / The violent necessity for the embodied presence of hope
JAŠA
Commissioner: Simona Vidmar. Deputy Commissioner: Jure Kirbiš. Curators: Michele Drascek and Aurora Fonda. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale - Artiglierie
SPAIN
Los Sujetos (The Subjects)
Pepo Salazar, Cabello/Carceller, Francesc Ruiz, + Salvador Dalí
Commissioner: Ministerio Asuntos Exteriores. Gobierno de España. Curator: Marti Manen. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Origini della civiltà
Narine Ali, Ehsan Alar, Felipe Cardeña, Fouad Dahdouh, Aldo Damioli, Svitlana Grebenyuk, Mauro Reggio, Liu Shuishi, Nass ouh Zaghlouleh, Andrea Zucchi, Helidon Xhixha
Commissioner: Christian Maretti. Curator: Duccio Trombadori. Venue: Redentore – Giudecca, San Servolo Island
SWEDEN
Excavation of the Image: Imprint, Shadow, Spectre, Thought
Lina Selander
Commissioner: Ann-Sofi Noring. Curator: Lena Essling. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
SWITZERLAND
Our Product
Pamela Rosenkranz
Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki. Deputy-Commissioner: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia, Rachele Giudici Legittimo. Curator: Susanne Pfeffer. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
THAILAND
Earth, Air, Fire & Water
Kamol Tassananchalee
Commissioner: Chai Nakhonchai, Office of Contemporary Art and Culture (OCAC), Ministry of Culture. Curator: Richard David Garst. Deputy Curator: Pongdej Chaiyakut. Venue: Paradiso Gallerie, Giardini della Biennale, Castello 1260
TURKEY
Respiro
Sarkis
Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts. Curator: Defne Ayas. Deputy Curator: Ozge Ersoy. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d’Armi
TUVALU
Crossing the Tide
Vincent J.F. Huang
Commissioner: Taukelina Finikaso. Deputy Commissioner: Temate Melitiana. Curator: Thomas J. Berghuis. Scientific Committee: Andrea Bonifacio. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
UKRAINE
Hope!
Yevgenia Belorusets, Nikita Kadan, Zhanna Kadyrova, Mykola Ridnyi & SerhiyZhadan, Anna Zvyagintseva, Open Group, Artem Volokitin
Commissioner: Ministry of Culture. Curator: Björn Geldhof. Venue: Riva dei Sette Martiri
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
1980 – Today: Exhibitions in the United Arab Emirates
Abdullah Al Saadi, Abdul Qader Al Rais, Abdulraheem Salim, Abdulrahman Zainal, Ahmed Al Ansari, Ahmed Sharif, Hassan Sharif, Mohamed Yousif, Mohammed Abdullah Bulhiah, Mohammed Al Qassab, Mohammed Kazem, Moosa Al Halyan, Najat Meky, Obaid Suroor, Salem Jawhar
Commissioner: Salama bint Hamdan Al Nahyan Foundation. Curator: Hoor Al Qasimi. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale – Sale d'Armi
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Joan Jonas: They Come to Us Without a Word
Joan Jonas
Commissioner: Paul C. Ha. Deputy Commissioner: MIT List Visual Arts Center. Curators: Ute Meta Bauer, Paul C. Ha. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
URUGUAY
Global Myopia II (Pencil & Paper)
Marco Maggi
Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale. Curator: Patricia Bentancour. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
VENEZUELA, Bolivarian Republic of
Te doy mi palabra (I give you my word)
Argelia Bravo, Félix Molina (Flix)
Commissioner: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Commissioner: Reinaldo Landaeta Díaz. Curator: Oscar Sotillo Meneses. Deputy Curator: Morella Jurado. Scientific Committee: Carlos Pou Ruan. Venue: Pavilion at Giardini
ZIMBABWE, Republic of
Pixels of Ubuntu/Unhu: - Exploring the social and cultural identities of the 21st century.
Chikonzero Chazunguza, Masimba Hwati, Gareth Nyandoro
Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda. Curator: Raphael Chikukwa. Deputy Curator: Tafadzwa Gwetai. Scientific Committee: Saki Mafundikwa, Biggie Samwanda, Fabian Kangai, Reverend Paul Damasane, Nontsikelelo Mutiti, Stephen Garan'anga, Dominic Benhura. Venue: Santa Maria della Pieta
ITALO-LATIN AMERICAN INSTITUTE
Voces Indígenas
Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal. Curator: Alfons Hug. Deputy Curator: Alberto Saraiva. Venue: Pavilion at Arsenale
ARGENTINA
Sofia Medici and Laura Kalauz
PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA
Sonia Falcone and José Laura Yapita
BRAZIL
Adriana Barreto
Paulo Nazareth
CHILE
Rainer Krause
COLOMBIA
León David Cobo,
María Cristina Rincón and Claudia Rodríguez
COSTA RICA
Priscilla Monge
ECUADOR
Fabiano Kueva
EL SALVADOR
Mauricio Kabistan
GUATEMALA
Sandra Monterroso
HAITI
Barbara Prézeau Stephenson
HONDURAS
Leonardo González
PANAMA
Humberto Vélez
NICARAGUA
Raúl Quintanilla
PARAGUAY
Erika Meza
Javier López
PERU
José Huamán Turpo
URUGUAY
Gustavo Tabares
Ellen Slegers
001 Inverso Mundus. AES+F
Magazzino del Sale n. 5, Dorsoduro, 265 (Fondamenta delle Zattere ai Saloni); Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 31st
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
Catalonia in Venice: Singularity
Cantieri Navali, Castello, 40 (Calle Quintavalle)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Institut Ramon Llull
venezia2015.llull.cat
Conversion. Recycle Group
Chiesa di Sant’Antonin, Castello (Campo Sant’Antonin)
May 6th - October 31st
Organization: Moscow Museum of Modern Art
Dansaekhwa
Palazzo Contarini-Polignac, Dorsoduro, 874 (Accademia)
May 7th – August 15th
Organization: The Boghossian Foundation
Dispossession
Palazzo Donà Brusa, Campo San Polo, 2177
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: European Capital of Culture Wroclaw 2016
wroclaw2016.pl/biennale/
EM15 presents Doug Fishbone’s Leisure Land Golf
Arsenale Docks, Castello, 40A, 40B, 41C
May 6th - July 26th
Organization: EM15
Eredità e Sperimentazione
Grand Hotel Hungaria & Ausonia, Viale Santa Maria Elisabetta, 28, Lido di Venezia
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Istituto Nazionale di BioArchitettura - Sezione di Padova
Frontiers Reimagined
Palazzo Grimani, Castello, 4858 (Ramo Grimani)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Tagore Foundation International; Polo museale del Veneto
Glasstress 2015 Gotika
Istituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere ed Arti, Palazzo Cavalli Franchetti, San Marco, 2847 (Campo Santo Stefano); Chiesa di Santa Maria della Visitazione, Centro Culturale Don Orione Artigianelli, Dorsoduro, 919 (Zattere); Fondazione Berengo, Campiello della Pescheria, 15, Murano;
May 9th — November 22nd
Organization: The State Hermitage Museum
Graham Fagen: Scotland + Venice 2015
Palazzo Fontana, Cannaregio, 3829 (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Scotland + Venice
Grisha Bruskin. An Archaeologist’s Collection
Former Chiesa di Santa Caterina, Cannaregio, 4941-4942
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Centro Studi sulle Arti della Russia (CSAR), Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
Helen Sear, ... The Rest Is Smoke
Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Castello, 450 (Fondamenta San Gioacchin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Cymru yn Fenis/Wales in Venice
Highway to Hell
Palazzo Michiel, Cannaregio, 4391/A (Strada Nova)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Hubei Museum of Art
Humanistic Nature and Society (Shan-Shui) – An Insight into the Future
Palazzo Faccanon, San Marco, 5016 (Mercerie)
May 7th – August 4th
Organization: Shanghai Himalayas Museum
In the Eye of the Thunderstorm: Effervescent Practices from the Arab World & South Asia
Dorsoduro, 417 (Zattere)
May 6th - November 15th
Organization: ArsCulture
Italia Docet | Laboratorium- Artists, Participants, Testimonials and Activated Spectators
Palazzo Barbarigo Minotto, San Marco, 2504 (Fondamenta Duodo o Barbarigo)
May 9th – June 30th; September 11st – October 31st
Organization: Italian Art Motherboard Foundation (i-AM Foundation)
www.venicebiennale-italiadocet.org
Jaume Plensa: Together
Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore, Isola di San Giorgio Maggiore
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: Abbazia di San Giorgio Maggiore Benedicti Claustra Onlus
Jenny Holzer "War Paintings"
Museo Correr, San Marco, 52 (Piazza San Marco)
May 6th – November 22nd
Organization: The Written Art Foundation; Museo Correr, Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia
correr.visitmuve.it
Jump into the Unknown
Palazzo Loredan dell’Ambasciatore, Dorsoduro, 1261-1262
May 9th – June 18th
Organization: Nine Dragon Heads
9dh-venice.com
Learn from Masters
Palazzo Bembo, San Marco, 4793 (Riva del Carbon)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Pan Tianshou Foundation
pantianshou.caa.edu.cn/foundation_en
My East is Your West
Palazzo Benzon, San Marco, 3927
May 6th – October 31st
Organization: The Gujral Foundation
Ornamentalism. The Purvitis Prize
Arsenale Nord, Tesa 99
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Secretariat of the Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2015
www.purvisabalva.lv/en/ornamentalism
Path and Adventure
Arsenale, Castello, 2126/A (Campo della Tana)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: The Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau; The Macao Museum of Art; The Cultural Affairs Bureau
Patricia Cronin: Shrine for Girls, Venice
Chiesa di San Gallo, San Marco, 1103 (Campo San Gallo)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Brooklyn Rail Curatorial Projects
curatorialprojects.brooklynrail.org
Roberto Sebastian Matta. Sculture
Giardino di Palazzo Soranzo Cappello, Soprintendenza BAP per le Province di Venezia, Belluno, Padova e Treviso, Santa Croce, 770 (Fondamenta Rio Marin)
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Echaurren Salaris
www.fondazioneechaurrensalaris.it
www.maggioregam.com/56Biennale_Matta
Salon Suisse: S.O.S. Dada - The World Is A Mess
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
May 9th; June 4th - 6th; September 10th - 12th; October 15th - 17th; November 19th – 21st
Organization: Swiss Arts Council Pro Helvetia
Sean Scully: Land Sea
Palazzo Falier, San Marco, 2906
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Fondazione Volume!
Sepphoris. Alessandro Valeri
Molino Stucky, interior atrium, Giudecca, 812
May 9th – November 22nd
Organization: Assessorato alla Cultura del Comune di Narni(TR); a Sidereal Space of Art; Satellite Berlin
Tesla Revisited
Palazzo Nani Mocenigo, Dorsoduro, 960
May 9th – October 18th
Organization: VITRARIA Glass + A Museum
The Bridges of Graffiti
Arterminal c/o Terminal San Basilio, Dorsoduro (Fondamenta Zattere al Ponte Lungo)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Associazione Culturale Inossidabile
The Dialogue of Fire. Ceramic and Glass Masters from Barcelona to Venice
Palazzo Tiepolo Passi, San Polo, 2774
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization: Fundaciò Artigas; ArsCulture
The Question of Beings
Istituto Santa Maria della Pietà, Castello, 3701
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei (MoCA, Taipei)
The Revenge of the Common Place
Università Ca' Foscari, Ca' Bernardo, Dorsoduro, 3199 (Calle Bernardo)
May 9th – September 30th
Organization: Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels-VUB)
The Silver Lining. Contemporary Art from Liechtenstein and other Microstates
Palazzo Trevisan degli Ulivi, Dorsoduro, 810 (Campo Sant'Agnese)
October 24th – November 1st
Organization: Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein
The Sound of Creation. Paintings + Music by Beezy Bailey and Brian Eno
Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello, Palazzo Pisani, San Marco, 2810 (Campo Santo Stefano)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: ArsCulture
The Union of Fire and Water
Palazzo Barbaro, San Marco, 2840
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: YARAT Contemporary Art Organisation
Thirty Light Years - Theatre of Chinese Art
Palazzo Rossini, San Marco, 4013 (Campo Manin)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: GAC Global Art Center Foundation; The Guangdong Museum of Art
Tsang Kin-Wah: The Infinite Nothing, Hong Kong in Venice
Arsenale, Castello, 2126 (Campo della Tana)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: M+, West Kowloon Cultural District; Hong Kong Arts Development Council
Under the Surface, Newfoundland and Labrador at Venice
Galleria Ca' Rezzonico, Dorsoduro, 2793
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Terra Nova Art Foundation
tnaf.ca
Ursula von Rydingsvard
Giardino della Marinaressa, Castello (Riva dei Sette Martiri)
May 6th - November 22nd
Organization:Yorkshire Sculpture Park
We Must Risk Delight: Twenty Artists from Los Angeles
Magazzino del Sale n. 3, Dorsoduro, 264 (Zattere)
May 7th - November 22nd
Organization: bardoLA
Wu Tien-Chang: Never Say Goodbye
Palazzo delle Prigioni, Castello, 4209 (San Marco)
May 9th - November 22nd
Organization: Taipei Fine Arts Museum of Taiwan
Fonte dell'immagine: La Chiesa di Dio Onnipotente
Condizioni d'Uso: Avviso legale e condizioni per l’uso
Rottura dell’accerchiamento di Satana
di Zhao Gang, Cina
Faceva un freddo pungente lo scorso novembre nel nordest della Cina: la neve che cadeva al suolo non si scioglieva e molte persone che camminavano per le strade avevano così freddo che si tenevano le mani sotto le ascelle e procedevano con cautela, col corpo incurvato in avanti. L’altro giorno di mattina presto il vento soffiava da nordovest quando io, mio cognato e sua moglie e una dozzina di fratelli e sorelle eravamo seduti a casa mia sul letto caldo. Ognuno aveva con sé una Bibbia e teneva in mano una copia del libro delle parole di Dio intitolato “Il giudizio comincia dalla casa di Dio”. Due sorelle della Chiesa di Dio Onnipotente stavano tenendo una comunicazione sulla verità riguardante le tre fasi dell’opera di Dio. Durante la comunicazione le due sorelle tracciavano un quadro delle tre fasi dell’opera: “L’opera di Dio per la salvezza dell’umanità si può suddividere in tre fasi. Dall’Età della Legge all’Età della Grazia e poi all’Età del Regno, ogni fase dell’opera è più elevata e più profonda della precedente. Quella compiuta negli ultimi giorni è la fase finale dell’opera, in cui Dio esprime parole per giudicare e purificare l’uomo…” Noi annuivamo ascoltando e il nostro cuore si colmava di luce: chi avrebbe pensato che il piano di gestione di Dio per la salvezza dell’umanità racchiudesse tanti misteri! A parte Dio Stesso, chi altri potrebbe parlare così chiaramente dei misteri di queste tre fasi dell’opera di Dio? Questa è veramente l’opera di Dio! La comunicazione è proseguita fino alla sera del giorno seguente, e tutto il nostro gruppo ha espresso la volontà di ricercare ed esaminare l’opera di Dio Onnipotente degli ultimi giorni.
Dopo di che le due sorelle hanno tenuto una comunicazione sulla verità riguardante il significato dell’incarnazione di Dio, e tutti noi stavamo ascoltando attentamente quando, tutt’a un tratto, è arrivata Wang Ping, capo della nostra Chiesa. Non appena entrata in casa, ha puntato il dito contro le due sorelle della Chiesa di Dio Onnipotente e mi ha domandato: “Che ci fanno qui queste due?” Ho risposto francamente: “Queste sono la sorella Zhang e la sorella Mu…” Ma prima ancora che finissi di parlare, mi ha detto con tono esasperato: “Chi sono la sorella Zhang e la sorella Mu? Vedo che sono predicatrici del Lampo da Levante, sono ladre di pecorelle…” Quando Wang Ping ha finito di parlare, siamo tutti rimasti lì seduti sconvolti. Ho pensato: “La sorella Wang Ping ha parlato quasi sempre di amare il prossimo come noi stessi e di amare i propri nemici; come mai oggi viene qui a dire cose tanto irragionevoli? Perché giudica e condanna queste due sorelle?” Riflettevo su queste cose quando ho sentito la sorella Zhang dire pacatamente a Wang Ping: “Sorella, non ci sono secondi fini nella nostra presenza qui oggi. Il Signore Gesù è già ritornato. Vogliamo soltanto comunicarvi il Vangelo di Dio degli ultimi giorni…” Wang Ping ha interrotto la sorella Zhang gridando: “Il Signore è ritornato? Nemmeno quanti di noi hanno la funzione di capi sanno niente del ritorno del Signore, e allora come fate a saperlo voi? Non è possibile! Il Signore Gesù ha detto: ‘Tutti quelli che sono venuti, sono stati ladri e briganti; ma le pecore non li hanno ascoltati’ (Giovanni 10:8). Dovete andarvene tutte e due subito e non tornare mai più”. Quando ho udito Wang Ping dire così, interiormente ho provato disgusto: i suoi sermoni sono di solito tanto ragionati e ben argomentati; come mai tutt’a un tratto si dimostra così priva di compassione? Allora ho domandato a Wang Ping: “Sorella Wang, è tardi. Dove vuoi che vadano? Il Signore ci insegna che dobbiamo amare i nostri nemici, per non parlare di queste due sorelle che credono in Dio. Se trattiamo loro due in questo modo, non assomiglieremo affatto a credenti nel Signore…” Ma prima ancora che potessi concludere quello che stavo dicendo, Wang Ping con impazienza ha preso la mano della moglie di mio cognato e ha detto a lei e al marito: “Se Zhao Gang non vuole che queste due donne se ne vadano, allora ce ne andiamo noi. Non ascoltatele più!” Quindi è uscita furiosamente trascinandosi dietro i due.
Quando se ne sono andati, la sorella Mu si è rivolta a noi e ha domandato: “Fratelli e sorelle, che vi sembra della scena di cui siamo appena stati testimoni? Parliamone”. Tutti i fratelli e le sorelle si sono voltati verso di me, senza che nessuno dicesse una parola. Ho detto francamente: “Sorella, tramite la lettura della parola di Dio Onnipotente in questi ultimi due giorni e l’ascolto della tua comunicazione, io credo fermamente che le parole di Dio Onnipotente siano la verità e che Dio Onnipotente sia il ritorno del Signore Gesù. Tuttavia Wang Ping non ha tutti i torti. In fin dei conti, lei è il nostro capo e ha fede nel Signore da tanto tempo. È molto esperta della Bibbia e si è sempre data da fare e si è spesa per il Signore. Se il Signore è ritornato, lei dovrebbe essere la prima a saperlo”. La sorella Zhang ha risposto gentilmente dicendo: “Molti credono che il ritorno di Dio debba essere rivelato prima ai capi che poi ne parlano ai fedeli, ma nelle parole del Signore questo modo di pensare ha forse un reale fondamento? È conforme alla verità e ai dati di fatto dell’opera di Dio? Il Signore Gesù disse: ‘Le Mie pecore ascoltano la Mia voce e Io le conosco, ed esse Mi seguono’ (Giovanni 10:27). ‘Chi ha orecchi ascolti ciò che lo Spirito dice alle Chiese’ (Apocalisse 2:7). Il Signore Gesù ci dice chiaramente che quando arriverà di sicuro pronuncerà delle parole ed esprimerà la verità e tutti coloro che sentono la voce di Dio e poi ricercano e la riconoscono accoglieranno il ritorno del Signore e saranno innalzati al cospetto di Dio. Il Signore ha detto forse che al Suo ritorno avrebbe illuminato qualche capo con la conoscenza del Suo avvento? No. Pertanto questa opinione non fa che fuorviare e confondere le persone, che allora, se aspettano che il Signore le illumini in linea con questa affermazione, stanno ad aspettare passivamente l’avvento della fine. Guardiamo che cosa è detto nelle parole di Dio Onnipotente. Dice Dio Onnipotente: ‘Ancora più persone credono che, qualunque sia l’opera nuova di Dio, debba essere confermata dalle profezie e che in ogni fase di tale opera a tutti coloro che seguono Dio con cuore sincero debbano essere mostrate anche delle rivelazioni, altrimenti l’opera non potrebbe appartenere a Dio. Conoscere Dio è già un compito arduo per l’uomo. Considerando, poi, il cuore irrazionale dell’uomo e la sua natura ribelle fatta di egoismo e presunzione, sarà ancora più difficile che l’uomo accetti l’opera nuova di Dio. L’uomo non esamina l’opera nuova di Dio con cura né la accetta con umiltà; piuttosto, assume un atteggiamento di disprezzo, aspettando le rivelazioni e la guida di Dio. Non è questo il comportamento di un uomo che si ribella e si oppone a Dio? Questi uomini come possono ottenere l’approvazione di Dio?’ (“Come può l’uomo che ha delimitato Dio nelle sue concezioni ricevere le rivelazioni di Dio?” in “La Parola appare nella carne”). Dalle parole di Dio capiamo che, per la questione dell’avvento del Signore, se le persone si attengono ciecamente alle loro concezioni e fantasie e non ricercano la verità e non si concentrano sull’udire la voce di Dio, ma si limitano ad aspettare che Dio le illumini, non potranno mai accogliere il ritorno del Signore. Soltanto coloro che si impegnano nell’ascoltare la voce di Dio sono in grado di accogliere la manifestazione del Signore. In effetti, nemmeno uno di coloro che seguirono il Signore Gesù nell’Età della Grazia fu illuminato da Dio prima che seguisse Gesù. Tutti sentirono qualcun altro testimoniare il Signore Gesù oppure ascoltarono il Signore parlare o tenere un sermone, e Lo seguirono solo dopo avere riconosciuto la voce del Signore. Anche se Pietro ricevette l’illuminazione da parte di Dio e riconobbe nel Signore Gesù il Cristo e il Figlio di Dio, questo avvenne soltanto dopo che ebbe seguito il Signore Gesù per un certo tempo; solo quando giunse ad avere una certa conoscenza del Signore dalle Sue parole e dalla Sua opera ottenne l’illuminazione e la rivelazione dello Spirito Santo: questo è un dato di fatto. Ora, negli ultimi giorni, Dio Onnipotente incarnato esprime la verità e compie l’opera di giudicare, purificare e salvare l’umanità. Molti accolgono e seguono Dio Onnipotente, ma fra loro non ce n’è uno che abbia ottenuto l’illuminazione da parte di Dio prima di seguirLo. Dio è giusto e certamente non favorisce nessuno. Dio Si rallegra delle persone di buon cuore che anelano a ricercare la verità. Proprio come disse il Signore Gesù: ‘Beati quelli che sono affamati e assetati di giustizia, perché saranno saziati’ (Matteo 5:6). ‘Beati i puri di cuore, perché vedranno Dio’ (Matteo 5:8). Dio Onnipotente inoltre ha detto: ‘Dio cerca coloro che anelano alla Sua apparizione. Egli cerca coloro che sono in grado di prestare ascolto alle Sue parole, che non abbiano dimenticato l’assegnazione del Suo compito e Gli offrano il loro cuore e il loro corpo. Cerca coloro che siano obbedienti come bambini nei Suoi confronti, e che non Gli facciano resistenza’ (“Dio sovrintende al destino dell’intera umanità” in “La Parola appare nella carne”). Questo ci fa capire che, se l’uomo ama la verità e ha sete di verità, indipendentemente dal fatto che abbia o no qualche prestigio o da quanto capisca la Bibbia, Dio lo illuminerà e lo guiderà e gli consentirà di udire la Sua voce e di testimoniare la Sua manifestazione. Se coloro che fungono da capi ritengono che Dio al Suo ritorno debba prima illuminare loro, questo indica che non hanno alcuna comprensione dell’opera di Dio e non conoscono l’indole giusta di Dio. Inoltre rivela la loro grande arroganza. Nella parola di Dio Onnipotente è detto: ‘E così dico che coloro che “vedono chiaramente” Dio e la Sua opera sono impotenti, e sono solo arroganti e ignoranti. L’uomo non dovrebbe definire l’opera di Dio; inoltre, non può definirla. Agli occhi di Dio, l’uomo è più piccolo di una formica, perciò come può comprendere l’opera di Dio? Coloro che dicono costantemente “Dio non opera in questo o in quel modo” o “Dio è come questo o come quello”, non sono forse degli arroganti?’ (Introduzione a “La Parola appare nella carne”). L’onnipotenza e la sapienza di Dio sono di una profondità insondabile. Gli esseri umani sono soltanto minuscole creature. La nostra mente e i nostri pensieri sono limitati, e allora come potremmo sondare l’opera del Creatore? Pertanto, in attesa del ritorno del Signore, dobbiamo serbare nel cuore la venerazione per Dio e ricercare ed esaminare attentamente. Non dobbiamo usare le nostre concezioni e fantasie per limitare Dio e giudicarLo arbitrariamente, poiché questo offenderà l’indole di Dio e inoltre pregiudicherà le nostre possibilità di conseguire la vera salvezza”.
Dopo aver ascoltato la parola di Dio, ho capito che noi al cospetto di Dio siamo davvero insignificanti, più ancora di una formica. Inoltre siamo stati corrotti da Satana al punto che siamo pervasi dall’indole corrotta dell’arroganza e della presunzione. Amiamo affidarci sempre alle nostre fantasie e concezioni per limitare Dio e, quando l’opera di Dio non è conforme alle nostre concezioni, perfino rinneghiamo Dio, Lo condanniamo e ci opponiamo a Lui. Evidentemente, se l’uomo non capisce la verità e non ha nel cuore nemmeno un briciolo di venerazione per Dio, allora oserà fare tutto ciò che vuole. Ed è una cosa davvero pericolosa! Questo mi ha fatto rammentare ciò che disse il Signore Gesù: “Io Ti rendo lode, o Padre, Signore del cielo e della terra, perché hai nascosto queste cose ai sapienti e agli intelligenti, e le hai rivelate ai piccoli. Sì, Padre, perché così Ti è piaciuto” (Matteo 11:25-26). Soltanto oggi ho capito che le cose stanno veramente così! La rivelazione della parola di Dio e la comunicazione della sorella Zhang mi hanno consentito di riconoscere che questa idea secondo cui “i capi devono essere i primi a essere illuminati riguardo alla conoscenza dell’avvento del Signore al Suo ritorno” è falsa e assurda, proprio non è conforme alla verità e deriva interamente dalle concezioni e fantasie dell’uomo. In realtà, soltanto coloro che hanno sete di verità e ricercano la voce di Dio avranno l’occasione di ricevere l’opera di Dio e la Sua guida e di essere condotti al cospetto di Dio. Questo mi ha offerto una nuova comprensione dell’equità e della giustizia di Dio. Sia ringraziato Dio!
La mattina presto del terzo giorno, quando la sorella Zhang e la sorella Mu se n’erano andate, il mio confratello Guan, collaboratore di alto rango della nostra Chiesa, è venuto da me e mi ha domandato: “Fratello Zhao, ho sentito che voi due adesso credete nel Lampo da Levante”. Gli ho risposto con fervore: “Sì, ho accolto l’opera di Dio Onnipotente degli ultimi giorni, perché tramite le parole di Dio Onnipotente sono giunto a capire molte verità che prima non capivo, per esempio i misteri delle tre fasi della Sua opera e il significato dell’incarnazione di Dio. Vedo che le parole di Dio Onnipotente sono ‘Ciò che lo Spirito dice alle Chiese’ come profetizzato nel libro dell’Apocalisse”. Il fratello Guan mi ha guardato e ha detto: “Fratello Zhao, davvero intendi seguire ciò che dicono queste persone? Sai che genere di persone sono?” Ho risposto: “Vedo che tutti hanno una grandiosa natura umana e comunicano molto chiaramente riguardo alla verità. Tutto ciò di cui parlano è in relazione alle verità dell’opera di Dio. In questi ultimi due giorni ho davvero acquisito molto”. Il fratello Guan mi ha detto rabbiosamente: “Come puoi essere così testardo? La Lettera agli Ebrei, 6,6-8, ci dice: ‘E poi sono caduti, è impossibile ricondurli di nuovo al ravvedimento, perché crocifiggono di nuovo per conto loro il Figlio di Dio e Lo espongono a infamia. Quando una terra, imbevuta della pioggia che vi cade frequentemente, produce erbe utili a quelli che la coltivano, riceve benedizione da Dio; ma se produce spine e rovi, è riprovata e prossima a essere maledetta, e la sua fine sarà di essere bruciata’. Tu sei un predicatore, gioisci tanto della grazia del Signore, ma non solo non stai guidando fratelli e sorelle a credere nel Signore, ma anzi li induci ad abbandonare la nostra Chiesa. Non temi di essere punito? Se non torni indietro, perderai la protezione del Signore e non vivrai una vita felice. Le tue malattie precedenti avranno una ricaduta e i tuoi due figli non troveranno un buon lavoro…”
Quando il fratello Guan se n’è andato, mi sono sentito piuttosto nervoso e ho pensato: le cose che ha detto sembrano in parte ragionevoli, e allora che devo fare nel caso in cui la mia fede in Dio Onnipotente mi facesse perdere la grazia del Signore? Riflettendo su questo, ho sentito il mio cuore indebolirsi, perciò mi sono affrettato a inginocchiarmi e ho pregato Dio: “Dio Onnipotente! Le parole del fratello Guan mi hanno fatto sentire piuttosto debole. Dio! Le cose che mi ha detto sono effettivamente vere o no? Adesso proprio non so che fare…” Mentre pregavo Dio, è ritornata mia moglie e le ho riferito quello che era appena successo. Nel sentire queste cose, mi ha detto nervosamente: “Davvero ha parlato così?” Ho annuito, e mia moglie ha detto preoccupata: “È un capo importante che crede nel Signore da molti anni ed è esperto della Bibbia. Non penso che dica menzogne. Se davvero succederà come dice lui, che cosa dobbiamo fare?” Proprio in quel momento ho pensato alla verità delle tre fasi dell’opera di Dio su cui avevano tenuto una comunicazione la sorella Zhang e la sorella Mu: l’opera di Dio per la salvezza dell’umanità è suddivisa in tre fasi, ma tutte e tre le fasi dell’opera sono compiute da un unico Dio. Quando ho pensato così, all’improvviso mi è divenuto tutto chiaro e sono sbottato rivolgendomi a mia moglie: “Quello che dice il fratello Guan non mi pare giusto. Dice che accogliendo l’opera di Dio degli ultimi giorni stiamo abbandonando la via del Signore e tradendo il Signore Gesù, ma le parole di Dio Onnipotente che abbiamo letto nei giorni scorsi sono veramente la voce di Dio e Dio Onnipotente è il ritorno del Signore Gesù. Seguendo Dio Onnipotente, in realtà seguiamo le orme dell’Agnello. Siamo noi le vergini sagge. Perché il Signore dovrebbe punirci?” Eravamo nel pieno di una comunicazione a questo riguardo quando sono arrivate la sorella Zhang e la sorella Mu…
Mia moglie ha riferito alle sorelle quello che aveva detto il fratello Guan quando era venuto a casa nostra, e la sorella Zhang mi ha domandato come mi sembrasse tutta questa faccenda. Così ho parlato alle sorelle della debolezza che avevo provato e della comprensione che avevo appena raggiunto. La sorella Zhang ha sorriso dicendo: “Sia ringraziato Dio! Questa è una comprensione davvero pura ed è l’illuminazione e la guida di Dio!” Mia moglie ha domandato, confusa: “Siccome noi non ci siamo smarriti, perché il fratello Guan dice queste cose? È un capo importante che crede nel Signore da molti anni!” Ho guardato mia moglie e ho detto: “Vuole soltanto che ritorniamo nella nostra Chiesa precedente!” La sorella Zhang ha sorriso e ha detto: “In questo momento, tutto ciò che possiamo vedere sono le loro apparenze esteriori, ma non abbiamo esaminato la sostanza della loro natura! Il Signore Gesù disse: ‘Ma guai a voi, scribi e farisei ipocriti, perché serrate il Regno dei Cieli davanti alla gente; poiché non vi entrate voi, né lasciate entrare quelli che cercano di entrare’ (Matteo 23:13). ‘Guai a voi, scribi e farisei ipocriti, perché siete simili a sepolcri imbiancati, che appaiono belli di fuori, ma dentro sono pieni d’ossa di morti e d’ogni immondizia’ (Matteo 23:27). A giudicare dalle apparenze esteriori, i farisei erano assai leali nel servire Dio. Nella mente delle persone, i farisei erano servi devoti di Dio ed erano le autorità religiose più degne di fiducia. Però, quando il Signore Gesù venne a compiere la Sua opera, fu rivelata la natura di opposizione a Dio dei farisei. Furono questi farisei a opporsi sfrenatamente e a condannare l’opera del Signore Gesù. Inventarono ogni genere di dicerie e resero falsa testimonianza per ingannare la gente comune. Dicevano che il Signore Gesù scacciasse i demoni tramite Belzebù, il principe dei diavoli. E quando il Signore Gesù risorse tre giorni dopo essere stato crocifisso, corruppero i soldati perché diffondessero dicerie secondo cui il corpo del Signore Gesù sarebbe stato trafugato dai Suoi discepoli, fra l’altro. I farisei inventavano ogni genere di menzogne e usavano tutti i trucchi a loro disposizione per impedire alle persone di ricercare ed esaminare la vera via. Il loro scopo era eliminare l’opera di Dio in modo da poter mantenere per sempre il loro dominio sul popolo eletto di Dio. Anche se esteriormente apparivano devoti, nella sostanza erano degli anticristo che odiavano la verità ed erano nemici di Dio. Nello smascherarli e condannarli, il Signore Gesù disse: ‘Serpenti, razza di vipere, come scamperete al giudizio della geenna?’ (Matteo 23:33). Allora adesso riflettiamo: questi capi religiosi di oggi sono forse diversi dai farisei?” Le sorelle quindi mi hanno chiesto di leggere un brano delle parole di Dio Onnipotente: “Quelli che leggono la Bibbia in grandi chiese, recitano la Bibbia tutti i giorni ma non capiscono lo scopo dell’opera di Dio. Non uno è in grado di conoscere Dio; inoltre, nessuno è in sintonia con il cuore di Dio. Sono tutti uomini meschini e privi di valore, così boriosi da voler insegnare a Dio. Anche se brandiscono il nome di Dio, Gli si oppongono ostinatamente. Anche se si fregiano della definizione di credenti in Dio, sono quelli che mangiano la carne e bevono il sangue dell’uomo. Tutti questi uomini sono diavoli che divorano l’anima dell’uomo, capi demoni che volutamente disturbano coloro che cercano di percorrere la strada giusta, sono pietre di inciampo che impediscono il cammino di quanti cercano Dio. Anche se sono ‘fortemente carnali’, come fanno i loro seguaci a sapere che sono anticristi che guidano l’uomo a opporsi a Dio? Come fanno a sapere che sono diavoli vivi che cercano espressamente anime da divorare?” (“Tutti coloro che non conoscono Dio sono coloro che si oppongono a Dio” in “La Parola appare nella carne”). Le sorelle ci hanno tenuto una comunicazione dettagliata in riferimento a queste parole di Dio, analizzando tutte le azioni dei capi religiosi e la sostanza della loro natura, e alla fine sono giunto a capire che questi capi persistono nell’intralciarci e nell’impedirci di credere in Dio Onnipotente e perfino ci rivolgono minacce e intimidazioni, non per proteggerci, bensì per mantenere il loro dominio sul popolo eletto di Dio, affinché noi li adoriamo e li veneriamo come se fossero Dio. Perciò in realtà sono uguali ai farisei. Sono tutti degli anticristo che odiano la verità e si oppongono a Dio. Dio è venuto a salvarci, ma loro escogitano ogni metodo possibile per impedirci di accogliere l’opera di Dio e di leggere le Sue parole. Così facendo, non ci stanno forse trascinando all’inferno? Sono davvero malevoli! Se non fosse che le parole di Dio Onnipotente rivelano la sostanza di come queste persone si oppongano a Dio e si contendano l’uomo con Dio, mi sarei forse fatto ingannare dai loro trucchi, frustrando la mia possibilità di conseguire la vera salvezza. In quel momento, mia moglie ha detto con stupore: “A quanto pare, loro sono qui per farci del male! Queste persone davvero non molleranno finché non ci avranno trascinati all’inferno! Non crederò più a quello che dicono”.
La sorella Mu allora ci ha letto un altro brano delle parole di Dio: “In ogni fase dell’opera che Dio compie dentro le persone, esternamente sembra che si tratti di un’interazione tra le persone, come se tutto nascesse da disposizioni o da interferenze umane. Ma dietro le quinte, ogni fase dell’opera e tutto ciò che accade, è una scommessa fatta da Satana davanti a Dio, una scommessa che richiede che le persone rimangano salde nella loro testimonianza di fede a Dio. Considera quando Giobbe è stato messo alla prova, per esempio: dietro le quinte, Satana stava facendo una scommessa con Dio, e ciò che è accaduto a Giobbe era legato alle azioni degli uomini e alla loro interferenza. Dietro ogni passo che Dio compie dentro di voi, vi è la scommessa di Satana con Dio – dietro ogni cosa vi è una battaglia” (“Solo amare Dio vuol dire credere veramente in Dio” in “La Parola appare nella carne”). Quindi la sorella Zhang ha dato inizio alla sua comunicazione: “Dalle parole di Dio vediamo che, qualunque cosa ci accada, anche se esteriormente può sembrare opera dell’uomo, in realtà è Satana che scommette con Dio dietro le quinte. È proprio come quando Giobbe fu tentato da Satana. Sua moglie gli chiedeva di abbandonare Jahvè, ma Giobbe riuscì a capire i trucchi di Satana. Si affidò alla propria fede in Dio e testimoniò Dio, rimproverando sua moglie perché era una donna ignorante e ostinata. Le esperienze di Giobbe ci fanno capire che, quando Dio intende salvare qualcuno, Satana lo tenterà sempre sfrenatamente e lo intralcerà e tirerà fuori tutti i trucchi a sua disposizione per attaccarlo e indurlo ad abbandonare e tradire Dio e in definitiva a perdere la possibilità di conseguire la vera salvezza. Poiché Satana intende dominare e divorare l’uomo per sempre, non vuole proprio che l’uomo consegua la salvezza offerta da Dio”. Anche la sorella Mu ha tenuto una comunicazione: “È vero. Ripetutamente Satana usa i capi perché ci rivolgano attacchi e intimidazioni, allo scopo di indurci a rinnegare Dio, tradirLo e abbandonare la vera via. Questi sono i trucchi di Satana. Dobbiamo riuscire a vedere chiaramente questa lotta che si svolge nel mondo spirituale”. Dopo avere ascoltato la comunicazione delle due sorelle, ho riflettuto per un po’ su queste cose e poi ho detto: “Allora Satana sta facendo una scommessa con Dio, e attraverso le cose che dicono i capi Satana ci attacca dove siamo deboli e vuole che abbandoniamo la vera via e ci allontaniamo da Dio per via della nostra codardia! Satana è davvero infido!” Allora mia moglie ha detto: “Satana è proprio repellente! Se non avessimo ascoltato le parole di Dio e la vostra comunicazione, come avremmo potuto sapere che questa era una macchinazione di Satana?” Ho detto con gioia: “Adesso che capiamo queste cose, dobbiamo affidarci a Dio per rompere l’accerchiamento di Satana, testimoniare Dio e svergognare Satana con le nostre azioni concrete!” La sorella Zhang allora ha detto allegra: “Fratello, sorella, d’ora in poi riuniamoci più spesso per comunicare riguardo alla parola di Dio. Solo in questo modo possiamo attrezzarci con una parte maggiore di verità in modo da essere presto certi dell’opera di Dio degli ultimi giorni e porre le fondamenta della vera via, e allora non saremo più ingannati da tutte quelle dicerie e vere e proprie menzogne di Satana”. Ho detto: “Ottimo! Sarebbe bellissimo se voi poteste venire più spesso a tenere comunicazioni con noi”. La sorella Mu ha sorriso e ha detto: “Allora faremo proprio così”.
La mattina presto qualche giorno dopo, mi sono alzato dal letto e guardando fuori dalla finestra ho visto che c’era stata una forte nevicata, e inconsciamente mi sono messo a sfregarmi le mani. Poi ho indossato un berretto di lana e dei guanti di cotone e sono andato in cortile a spazzare la neve. Quando ho finito, sono rientrato e ho aperto il coperchio della stufa per attizzare il fuoco, mentre mia moglie riordinava la casa. In quel momento sono arrivati il fratello maggiore di mia moglie e sua moglie, e mia cognata, appena entrata, ha detto con voce ansiosa: “Il capo Wang e il collaboratore Guan sono venuti qui e hanno parlato tanto con voi, come potete non ascoltarli? Ci hanno chiesto specificamente di venire qui oggi per cercare di nuovo di persuadervi. Non dovete credere più al Lampo da Levante. Sono i nostri capi ad assumersi la responsabilità della nostra vita!” Quando l’ho sentita parlare così, ho detto con fermezza: “Se davvero si assumono la responsabilità della nostra vita, allora dovrebbero guidarci a studiare l’opera di Dio Onnipotente degli ultimi giorni e ad accogliere il ritorno del Signore!” Mia moglie ha quindi detto con franchezza: “Non fanno così per il nostro interesse. Temono che se tutti noi crediamo in Dio Onnipotente non rimarrà più nessuno ad ascoltarli”. Mia cognata si è piuttosto irritata nel sentire queste parole e ha detto: “Come potete voi due dire cose simili? Non vi hanno chiesto di fare altro. Non vogliono forse soltanto che ritorniate nella Chiesa? Ascoltatemi. Pensate che io voglia farvi del male, visto che le nostre famiglie sono così vicine?” Il fratello di mia moglie ha proseguito: “Pensate a come vi ho trattati nel corso degli anni. Sapete quante cose ho fatto per voi? Avete davvero cuore di separarvi da noi? Non vi sentite in colpa?” Nel sentire loro due dire queste cose, mi sono sentito sconvolto e ho pensato: “Davvero ci hanno aiutati molto, e adesso vedono che insistiamo nel seguire Dio Onnipotente. Certo, si sentono profondamente feriti, ma che cosa si può fare? Possono chiedermi di abbandonare la vera via e tradire Dio, ma non posso proprio farlo, perché so che Dio Onnipotente è il ritorno del Signore Gesù. Ma se insisto nel credere in Dio Onnipotente, che cosa penseranno di me? Diranno che sono un ingrato?” In quel momento mi sentivo sconvolto, come se il cuore mi venisse strattonato in due direzioni diverse. In silenzio ho pregato Dio, chiedendoGli di indicarmi una via d’uscita. All’improvviso ho pensato a queste parole di Dio: “Tutto ciò che accade alle persone è segno che Dio ha bisogno che restino salde nella loro testimonianza di fedeverso di Lui” (“Solo amare Dio vuol dire credere veramente in Dio” in “La Parola appare nella carne”). Allora ho ripensato alle parole che mi avevano comunicato alcuni giorni prima la sorella Zhang e la sorella Mu: tutto ciò che ti accade è in relazione con la lotta che si svolge nel mondo spirituale, ed è Satana che fa una scommessa con Dio. Pensavo: “Oggi il fratello di mia moglie e mia cognata hanno cercato di sfruttare la nostra parentela per spingerci a tradire Dio e a ritornare alla religione, ma questo è un trucco di Satana. Se io dovessi tradire Dio per tutelare i miei sentimenti privati, sarebbe una cosa davvero ingrata e indicherebbe che io sono privo di coscienza. Se non voglio deludere mio cognato, devo comunicare il Vangelo di Dio degli ultimi giorni, in modo che abbiano anche loro l’occasione di conseguire la salvezza offerta da Dio. Questo è l’unico modo per mostrare la compassione che dovrei avere”. Mentre pensavo così, il cuore all’improvviso mi si è colmato di luce, e ho detto: “Fratello, cognata, so che voi due siete stati buoni con me, ed è per questo che devo dirvi che Dio Onnipotente è davvero il ritorno del Signore Gesù. Solo seguendo l’opera di Dio Onnipotente degli ultimi giorni potremo conseguire la salvezza offerta da Dio! Altrimenti la nostra fede nel Signore in tutti questi anni sarà stata vana e noi non otterremo niente! Ecco, permettetemi di leggervi un brano delle parole di Dio, e quando l’avrete ascoltato saprete se queste parole sono la verità o no e se sono o non sono i discorsi di Dio”. Ho preso il mio libro delle parole di Dio e stavo per mettermi a leggere, quando mia cognata si è alzata di scatto e ha detto sconfortata: “Siamo venuti qui oggi per cercare di persuadervi, ma anziché cambiare idea cercate perfino di comunicarci questo Vangelo, ma noi non vi ascolteremo”. Detto questo, è uscita incollerita, trascinando via il marito.
Li ho seguiti in cortile fino all’ingresso, ma ho visto che si erano già allontanati. Sentendomi smarrito, sono rimasto lì scrollando il capo. In quel momento ho visto che il cielo si era rischiarato e che fuori nel cortile una luce calda investiva un pino. La neve che si era accumulata sul pino ha cominciato a sciogliersi, come se proprio in quel momento l’albero fosse stato battezzato. In contrasto col terreno ricoperto di neve, l’albero alto e diritto appariva particolarmente verdeggiante. Mi sono sentito molto felice, come se, al pari del pino, anch’io fossi stato battezzato col vento e con la neve e fossi cresciuto col nutrimento del sole. Sapevo che le parole di Dio mi avevano guidato a rompere questo accerchiamento e a testimoniarLo. Sia ringraziato Dio Onnipotente!
Fonte: La Chiesa di Dio Onnipotente
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a wild palestinian tortoise (Testudo graeca - not sure of subspecies, for those interested check www.tortoisetrust.org/articles/newfloweri.html ), on our project site land. our old palestinian farmhouse in the background - bethlehem, west bank. if anyone is interested in visiting, volunteering on our permaculture farm, or donating - please contact me. for project brief see below...
BUSTAN QARAAQA
The Project:
Bustan Qaraaqa (the Tortoise Garden) is a permaculture initiative in the Palestinian West Bank, near to the city of Bethlehem. Working closely with our neighbours, we are creating a model permaculture farm and carrying out environmental education activities with the local community, youth, and farmers.
The aims of the project are fourfold:
•To address and combat the degradation of the Palestinian environment, and to actively pursue the conservation of native Palestinian species.
•To provide a space for experimentation and demonstration of easily replicable Permaculture methods for sustainable living systems, and to nurture an ongoing interest in these methods within the local community.
•To carry out environmental education activities with Palestinian youth groups, fostering the knowledge and skills to appreciate human impact on the environment and to take action for positive change in the way we interact with it.
•To encourage volunteers from all over the world to visit Palestine, and learn skills for sustainable living, whilst also learning about the situation in the Palestinian Territories, and the reality of life under military occupation.
The Site:
Bustan Qaraaqa takes its name from the numerous tortoises found roaming the site. The ancient farmhouse that is at the heart of the project is nestled in a beautiful wadi (valley) between the verdant mountains of Bethlehem and the spectacular Judean desert. The site includes twelve dunums (4 acres) of terraces and valley floor, as well as a large rooftop space, outbuildings and a number of caves.
We have room to house 8 short-term visitors in dormitory rooms in the oldest part of the house, which consists of beautiful caves carved into the side of the hill, in addition to three private rooms for long-term volunteers. There is also plentiful space on the roof for those who wish to sleep under the stars, or for camping in the caves that are spread throughout the site.
The prices include breakfast and are as follows:
Accomodation in the house – 60 shekels per night (1-14 days)
–50 shekels per night (> 14 days)
–1200 shekels per month (> 1 month)
–1000 shekels per month (> 2 months)
Sleeping on the roof – 25 shekels per night (150 shekels per week)
Camping in the caves – 25 shekels per night (150 shekels per week)
The Context:
The Palestinian environment and the Palestinian people face a unique set of challenges as a result of the ongoing Israeli military occupation and colonization of the Palestinian Territories. The Palestinian environment is degrading rapidly as a result of the combined pressures of population growth, industrialization and climate change. As an arid to semi-arid area, the Palestinian Territories faces problems with water scarcity and desertification which are likely to escalate as a result of global climate change. Overlaying these problems is the structure of the Israeli military occupation and the restrictions it imposes on Palestinian access to resources and the ability of Palestinians to manage and control their environment and their impact on it. Further complication is added by the network of Israeli settlements across the West Bank with their associated effects of land confiscation, movement restriction and monopolization of resources. These serious factors further compound on an already dire environmental situation which directly affects Palestinian lives; the very people who have no control over the land in which they live.
Over 60% of the land area of the West Bank is designated as Area C, which means that Israel retains full military and civil control over it. Palestinians cannot carry out development projects in Area C, such as the construction of sanitary landfills or sewage treatment plants, without first getting a permit from the Israeli authorities, a process that often takes years. The areas over which the Palestinian authorities do have control mainly comprise towns and villages which are densely populated and not suitable locations for such projects. Thus pollution of soil, air and groundwater as a result of almost non-existent waste management facilities is a serious and widespread problem.
Palestinian access to water is restricted and the Palestinian Territories are in the midst of an ongoing and worsening water crisis. Over 200 000 Palestinians are not connected to the public water network and are reliant on delivery of water by tankers which are often obstructed from reaching their destinations by road blocks, curfews and closures. The water supply to the population who are connected to the network is unreliable, with frequent cut-offs being experienced, particularly during summer months. 40% of the population receive an average of less than 50 litres of water per person per day, which is half the amount recommended by the World Health Organization to maintain a decent standard of living. Lack of access to water and high water prices limit the ability of Palestinians to grow their own food.
On top of all this, the Palestinian people are becoming increasingly urbanised and disconnected from the environment as a result of the construction of the Separation Wall (which will annex approximately 10% of the land area of the West Bank to Israel) and the ongoing expansion of Israeli settlements. In the Bethlehem area alone, over 18 000 acres of land are being cut off by the Wall, devastating the local farming economy and ghettoizing the population. As a result of this and of the general economic crisis in the Palestinian Territories, the food security of Palestinians is threatened, and Palestinian children are growing up in crumbling ghettoes under conflict conditions, disconnected from their natural heritage and facing daily hardships as environmental and economic conditions worsen.
Finding ways to live sustainably under such circumstances is an enormous challenge, and one that will require innovative thinking and determination. However, the difficulty of the problem is equalled by its urgency. Palestinians are struggling for their very existence in the midst of political, economic and environmental crises that threaten to destroy all quality of life, while resolution of the conflict with Israel at a political level seems as far away as ever. Therefore, work at a grassroots level which empowers people to take control of their lives and their environment is crucial.
Why Permaculture?
Permaculture is an integrated approach to the care of the earth and its people. It is about creating sustainable human habitats by following nature's patterns, using the stability and resilience of natural ecosystems to provide a framework and guidance for people to develop their own sustainable solutions to the problems facing their world. Permaculture seeks to foster the skills, confidence and imagination to enable people to become self-reliant, and to seek creative solutions to problems on a global or local scale.
Permaculture techniques can help restore and improve degraded soils, encourage species diversity, harvest and recycle water, maximize efficiency of water use throughout the system, and minimize harmful impacts on the environment from human activities through composting, creatively reusing materials and good waste management practice. Permaculture techniques are highly adaptable, cheap and easy to implement.
We believe that the application of Permaculture design and ethics to the Palestinian context can help ameliorate some of the problems faced by Palestinians. Restoration of robust natural ecosystems that also provide goods and services to the population can help to counteract environmental degradation, conserve species, provide food and materials to people suffering from economic crisis, and restore a sense of independence and dignity to people suffering under brutal military occupation.
Current Activities:
We are currently in the process of renovating the farmhouse to turn it into a functioning permaculture centre and guesthouse. The guesthouse is expected to open in May, when work will begin on laying the foundations of the permaculture farm: building rainwater harvesting systems, laying the graywater system, building greenhouses and propagating seeds. The construction of each of these components will be used as the framework for open workshops on permaculture techniques, when we will invite local youth groups to join us in learning about environmental problems, and ways of taking action to improve the situation.
In addition, we are partnering with Paidia (www.pidev.org) to hold a series of environmental awareness workshops with groups of Palestinian youth, focussing on the theme of environmental responsibility and solid waste management. The central activity of these workshops is to build a picnic area close to Paidia’s adventure playground out of discarded tyres and rubbish collected from the surrounding area.
We are also working on creating a community garden together with Lighting Candles (www.lightingcandles.org), a local Palestinian NGO working to support women and children whose lives are being adversely affected by the conflict. We are holding a series of workshops on Permaculture themes as we work together with the children to create a beautiful space for people to enjoy.
Upcoming Events:
We plan to hold a week long Permaculture course in July this year consisting of a series of workshops and lectures, with tuition from locally renowned Permaculturalists. The course will be open to both Palestinians and international participants, and will also incorporate lectures on the Palestinian environmental situation from representatives of local NGOs. The week’s activities will also serve as an opportunity to open our doors to the local community and share with them our vision as well as beginning an ongoing dialogue about ways in which we can support each other in creating positive change on the ground.
Funding:
We have so far successfully raised €8500 from donors based in the Netherlands for renovation of the farmhouse, and a further £1300 from UK sources to help with the ongoing material expenses of the project.
The running costs of the project each month including the rent for the site, utility bills, salaries for part-time Palestinian staff and pocket money for long-term international volunteers total £865. Ultimately we hope to be able to defray these costs from revenues raised from the guesthouse. However, we are still seeking small grants to help us secure the rent for the site, pay for set-up costs of the farm (including plants and building materials), support us in holding environmental education workshops with local youth groups, and to support the salaries of Palestinian project staff.
Long-term Vision
We have secured a renewable 5 year lease contract with the owners of the site, in which time we will aim to turn Bustan Qaraaqa into a fully functioning model Permaculture farm. During this time we also intend to create links and build trust within the local community, helping to propagate many permaculture initiatives with local partners and reaching out to many Palestinian youths. By the end of the first five years, it is our objective to have handed over decision making power and control over project activities to Palestinians. At this stage we will renegotiate the terms of the lease with the landowners, with the objective of securing a stable, long-term agreement to continue our work of building a grassroots Permaculture movement in the Palestinian Territories.
www.greenintifada.blogspot.com
for details about Bustan Qaraaqa guest house including rates and photos of rooms see: www.flickr.com/people/bustanqaraaqa/
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Walters Ms. W.82, Psalter-Hours
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Shelf mark W.82
Manuscript
Psalter-Hours
Text titlePsalter-Hours
Abstract
This manuscript was created ca. 1315-25 in the region of Ghent, likely for the woman depicted in the margin of fol. 171r. Combining both a Psalter and a Book of Hours, and including a series of hymns, this manuscript provided its owner with extensive texts for personal devotion. A series of thirty-three historiated initials provide visual associations with the readings, while its rich marginal drolleries would have delighted the reader. The illumination is in the style of the Master of the Copenhagen Hours (Copenhagen, Kongelige Bibliotek, MS. ThoU 547 4). Added prayers, as well as ownership inscriptions ranging from the fifteenth through twentieth centuries, attest to the long life and use of the manuscript.
Date
Ca. 1315-1325 CE
Origin
Ghent
Form
Book
Genre
Devotional
Language:
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.
Support material
Parchment
Medium weight parchment, well prepared
Extent
Foliation: i+213+i
Flyleaves are modern parchment; two sets of modern pencil foliation: lower right corners versos, and upper right corners rectos (used here)
Collation
Formula: Quire 1: 14 (fols. 1-14); Quires 2-14: 12 (fols. 15-170); Quire 15: 6 (fols. 171-176); Quire 16: 14 (fols. 177-190); Quire 17: 6 (fols. 191-196); Quire 18: 14, lacking eighth folio (fols. 197-209); Quire 19: 6, lacking second, fourth, and fifth folios, and with seventh folio tipped in (fols. 210-213)
Catchwords: None
Signatures: None
Comments:
Dimensions
11.1 cm wide by 16.2 cm high
Written surface
7.5 cm wide by 10.9 cm high
Layout
Columns: 1
Ruled lines: 22
Ruled in plummet; layout does not apply to calendar (5 columns, written surface 9.4 x 11 cm)
Contents: fols. 1v - 213v:
Title: Psalter-Hours
Contents: Liturgical Psalter combined with Book of Hours and hymnal; added prayers at end
Hand note: Textura quadrata; hand change at fol. 164v, line 12; additions to end of text in several later hands: fols. 212v-213r written in varying versions of textura, while fol. 213v written in littera batarda
Decoration note: One historiated initial lacking after fol. 203r; thirty-three extant historiated initials (5-9 lines); enlarged decorated initials in burnished gold mark secondary text divisions (2-4 lines); small flourished gold initials throughout (1 line); some texts have decorative borders, often inhabited by drolleries; line fillers throughout in gold, blue, and rose; rubrics in red; text in black ink
fols. 1v - 13r:
Title: Calendar
Contents: Calendar half full; graded for monastic use in red and black; Egyptian verses, and some zodiac notations; feasts included emphasize diocese of Cambrai, with some Liège saints; of note are Odilo (Jan. 1), Remigius and Hilary (Jan. 14, normally Jan 19 and 13), Vincent (Jan. 22), Waldetrudis (Feb. 3), Landoald (Mar. 19), Walburga (May 1), Macarius (May 9), Relics of Peter Celestine (May 18, normally May 19), Augustine (May 26), Gurwal (June 6), Basil (June 14), Amalberga (July 10), Benedict (July 13), Wandregisil (July 22), Cucufas, James the Greater, and Christopher (July 25), Lawrence (Aug. 10), Gaugeric (Aug. 11), Philibert (Aug. 20), Dorothy (Sept. 9), Lambert (Sept. 17), Relics of St. Lawrence (Sept. 24), Winnoc and Leonard (Nov. 6), Willibrord (Nov. 7), Martin (Nov. 11), Andrew (Nov. 30), Agericus (Dec. 1), Autbert (Dec. 14), 'O sapientia' (Dec. 17)
fols. 15r - 126r:
Title: Liturgical Psalter
Incipit: Beatus vir
Contents: Eight-partite liturgical psalter, with divisions at Psalms 1, 26, 38, 52, 68, 80, 97, and 109
Decoration note: Historiated initials mark liturgical psalms, fols. 15r, 31r, 42r, 52r, 62v, 75v, 87v, and 100r; marginalia and drolleries accompany initials
fols. 126r - 136v:
Title: Canticles
Rubric: Canticum ysaie prophete.
Incipit: Confitebor tibi domine
fols. 137r - 141r:
Title: Litany, petitions, and collects
Incipit: Kyrieleyson
Contents: Saints in Litany, fols. 137r-138v, reflect those in calendar, and include John the Baptist as "sancti patriarche et prophete;" sixteen apostles/disciples, from Peter to Mark; twenty-nine martyrs, including Lawrence, Marcellus, Gereon, Nicasius, Lambert, Livin, Marcellinus and Peter; thirty-seven confessors, including six popes from Silvester to Gregory, Peter Celestine, Silvinus, Eleutherius, Basil, Gaugeric, Autbert, Gudwal, Landoald, Ghislain, Bavo, Benedict, Bernard, Wandregisil, Philibert, Bertin, Winnoc, and Anthony; twenty-two virgins including Mary Magdalene, Mary Egyptian, Elizabeth, Reineldis, Rictrudis, Gertrude, Margaret, Aldegund, Walburga, Amalberga, Christina, and Ursula; fols. 138v-139v: petitions; fols. 139v-141r: collects
fols. 141r - 164v:
Title: Hymns
Rubric: Incipit hymnarium sancti Ambrosii episcopi. Omnibus sabbatis que sunt de hystoria cantata ad vesperos. exceptis illis de adventu. et de passione domini. Hymnus.
Incipit: O lux beata trinitas
Contents: Selection of hymns: fols. 141r-151r: attributed to St. Ambrose; fols. 151r-157r: for Vespers, Lauds, and nocturns on feast days from Dec. 6-Mar. 21; fols. 157r-164v: "Canticum" for Advent, Christmas, Quadragesima, apostles, martyrs, confessors, confessor-pope, virgins, Sundays, St. Michael
fols. 164v - 168v:
Title: Office of the Dead
Incipit: Dilexi quoniam
Text note: Use of St.-Bavo, Ghent
Decoration note: Historiated initial and marginalia fol. 164v
fols. 169r - 170v:
Title: Commendation of souls
Incipit: Subvenite sancti dei occurrite angeli
Decoration note: Historiated initial and marginalia fol. 169r
fols. 171r - 190r:
Title: Hours of the Virgin
Incipit: Domine labia mea
Decoration note: Historiated initials and marginalia begin each hour, fols. 171r, 175r, 179v, 181v, 182v, 184r, 185r, and 188r
fols. 190r - 197r:
Title: Long Hours of the Holy Spirit
Rubric: Incipit ore de sancto spiritu.
Incipit: Domine labia mea
Decoration note: Historiated initials and marginalia fols. 190r, 191v, 192v, 193r-v, 194v, 195r, and 196r
fols. 197r - 202v:
Title: Seven Penitential Psalms
Rubric: Incipiunt .vii. psalmi.
Incipit: Domine ne infurore
Decoration note: Historiated initial and marginalia fol. 197r
fols. 202v - 203v:
Title: Litany, petitions, and collects
Incipit: Kyrieleyson
Contents: Litany, fols. 202v-203r: twelve apostles from Peter to Barnabas; thirteen martyrs, including Quentinus, Livin, Dionysius; eleven confessors, which include three popes, Remigius, Vedastus, Bavo, Martin, Alexius, Amandus, Nicholas, Winnoc; thirteen virgins including Felicitas, Perpetua, Catherine, Margaret, Agnes (twice, as "Agneta" and "Agnes"), Spes, Fides, Karitas, Cecilia, Tecla, Amalberga, Elisabeth; fol. 203r-v: petitions; fol. 203v: collects
fols. 204r - 212r:
Title: Long Hours of the Cross
Incipit: ...[bene]dictionem amen
Contents: Incomplete: missing eight folios at beginning of text; begins imperfectly with the end of text that precedes the first lesson in Matins
Decoration note: Historiated initials and marginalia fols. 205v, 207r, 208v, 209v, 210v, and 211v
fols. 212v - 213v:
Title: Three prayers
Incipit: O ihesu xriste
Contents: Three added prayers: the first added in the fourteenth century to the blank verso of fol. 212: Prayer to Christ (O ihesu xriste filii dei unigeniti qui descendisti de celo) with an invocation to the Virgin (Regina celi letare); the second and third prayers added on a tipped-in single folio in the fifteenth century (now fol. 213): fol. 213r: Post-communion prayer for St. Anthony (Prosit nobis ad salutem quesumus domine sacris); fol. 213v: Prayer to Christ ([D]omine ihesu xriste qui hanc sacratissimam)
Hand note: Three different hands
Decoration:
fol. 15r:
W.82, fol. 15r
Title: Initial "B" with David playing the harp (above) and slaying Goliath (below); jousting knights in margin
Form: Historiated initial "B," 8 lines
Text: Psalm 1
fol. 31r:
W.82, fol. 31r
Title: Initial "D" with an enthroned David pointing to his eye before God; dogs attack unicorn in margins
Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines
Text: Psalm 26
fol. 42r:
W.82, fol. 42r
Title: Initial "D" with David standing, pointing to mouth before God
Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines
Text: Psalm 38
fol. 52r:
W.82, fol. 52r
Title: Initial "D" with a fool before David enthroned; man carrying horse on back in margin
Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines
Text: Psalm 52
fol. 62v:
W.82, fol. 62v
Title: Initial "S" with David in the water below God, who blesses him; ape rides unicorn in margin
Form: Historiated initial "S," 6 lines
Text: Psalm 68
fol. 75v:
W.82, fol. 75v
Title: Initial "E" with David ringing bells; apes trapping birds in margin
Form: Historiated initial "E," 6 lines
Text: Psalm 80
fol. 87v:
W.82, fol. 87v
Title: Initial "C" with clerics singing at lectern; men climbing ladder to reach birds in margin
Form: Historiated initial "C," 6 lines
Text: Psalm 97
fol. 100r:
W.82, fol. 100r
Title: Initial "D" with the Trinity; men and women at bathhouse in margin
Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines
Text: Psalm 109
fol. 164v:
W.82, fol. 164v
Title: Initial "D" with draped casket and candles; reading women and digging man in margin
Form: Historiated initial "D," 7 lines
Text: Office of the Dead: Vespers
fol. 169r:
W.82, fol. 169r
Title: Initial "S" with dying man receiving last rites from abbot; woman dances on shoulder of bagpipe player in margin
Form: Historiated initial "S," 6 lines
Text: Commendation of Souls
fol. 171r:
W.82, fol. 171r
Title: Initial "D" with the Annunciation; kneeling female donor in margin
Form: Historiated initial "D," 9 lines
Text: Hours of the Virgin: Matins
fol. 175r:
W.82, fol. 175r
Title: Initial "D" with the Visitation; ape riding unicorn in margin
Form: Historiated initial "D," 6 lines
Text: Hours of the Virgin: Lauds
fol. 179v:
W.82, fol. 179v
Title: Initial "D" with the Nativity; merman feeding stork with spoon and man sitting in basket of eggs in margins
Form: Historiated initial "D," 5 lines
Text: Hours of the Virgin: Prime
fol. 181v:
W.82, fol. 181v
Title: Initial “D” with Annunciation to shepherd; flower-gatherer and hunter in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Hours of the Virgin: Terce
fol. 182v:
W.82, fol. 182v
Title: Initial “D” with Adoration of the Magi; man combing hair and ape with crossbow in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Hours of the Virgin: Sext
fol. 184r:
W.82, fol. 184r
Title: Initial “D” with Massacre of an Innocent; apes, owl, falconer, and dragon in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Hours of the Virgin: None
fol. 185r:
W.82, fol. 185r
Title: Initial “D” with Flight into Egypt; hunting scene in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Hours of the Virgin: Vespers
fol. 188r:
W.82, fol. 188r
Title: Initial “C” with Presentation in Temple; hunting scene in margin
Form: Historiated initial “C,” 5 lines
Text: Hours of the Virgin: Compline
fol. 190r:
W.82, fol. 190r
Title: Initial “D” with Trinity; nude man with horn and apes in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 9 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Holy Spirit: Matins
fol. 191v:
W.82, fol. 191v
Title: Initial “D” with nimbed apostle and pseudo-inscribed scroll; unicorn, mermaid, and hunting scene in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Holy Spirit: Lauds
fol. 192v:
W.82, fol. 192v
Title: Initial “D” with nimbed apostle and pseudo-inscribed scroll; crane-headed woman, apes bowling with eggs in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Holy Spirit: Prime
fol. 193r:
W.82, fol. 193r
Title: Initial “D” with nimbed apostle and pseudo-inscribed scroll; hybrid figures and apes in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Holy Spirit: Terce
fol. 193v:
W.82, fol. 193v
Title: Initial “D” with nimbed apostle and pseudo-inscribed scroll; beggar, ape, and man with large coin in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Holy Spirit: Sext
fol. 194v:
W.82, fol. 194v
Title: Initial “D” with nimbed apostle and pseudo-inscribed scroll; dragon with man's head and apes jousting in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Holy Spirit: None
fol. 195r:
W.82, fol. 195r
Title: Initial “D” with nimbed apostle and pseudo-inscribed scroll
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Holy Spirit: Vespers
fol. 196r:
W.82, fol. 196r
Title: Initial “C” with nimbed apostle and pseudo-inscribed scroll; warrior with sword and beast head, stork and ape in margin
Form: Historiated initial “C,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Holy Spirit: Compline
fol. 197r:
W.82, fol. 197r
Title: Initial “D” with God blessing King David praying before altar; dragon and juggler in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 8 lines
Text: Seven Penitential Psalms: Psalm 6
fol. 205v:
W.82, fol. 205v
Title: Initial “D” with Christ before Pilate; unicorn, apes jousting, and hornplayer in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Cross: Lauds
fol. 207r:
W.82, fol. 207r
Title: Initial “D” with Flagellation; beggars and ape in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Cross: Prime
fol. 208v:
W.82, fol. 208v
Title: Initial “D” with Christ carrying the Cross; cart driver and turreted city in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Cross: Sext
fol. 209v:
W.82, fol. 209v
Title: Initial “D” with Crucifixion
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Cross: None
fol. 210v:
W.82, fol. 210v
Title: Initial “D” Deposition; tall man with club, ape and hare in margin
Form: Historiated initial “D,” 4 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Cross: Vespers
fol. 211v:
W.82, fol. 211v
Title: Initial “C” with the Entombment; man playing harp in margin
Form: Historiated initial “C,” 5 lines
Text: Long Hours of the Cross: Compline
Binding
The binding is not original.
Green velvet binding by Léon Gruel, Paris, late nineteenth or early twentieth century; five cords re-sewn at what appear to be original places; page edges painted red; leather dealer tabs added
Provenance
Created ca. 1315-25 for Benedictine use, in the region of Ghent and the diocese of Tournai based on the Use of the Office of the Dead; female lay owner possibly depicted in margin of fol. 171r; heraldic(?) markings on shields fols. 194v and 205v
Jacques Mauze(?), fifteenth century inscription on fols. 167r and 213v (latter now erased)
"Ex libris Crouzon," seventeenth- or eighteenth-century inscription on fol. 1r
G.E. Street, nineteenth-century ownership inscription on fol. 1r
Léon Gruel, Paris, late nineteenth or early twentieth century; his number, "No 46," inscribed on fol. 1r
Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel between 1895 and 1931
Acquisition
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
Bibliography
De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 773, cat. no. 99.
Janson, H.W. Apes and Ape Lore. London: Studies of the Warburg Institute, 1952; pp. 168, 188, 190, 193, 197, 198, Pl. xxvib.
Randall, Lilian M.C. "A Medieval Slander." Art Bulletin 42 (1960): 25-38; p. 27, Fig 1.
Randall, Lilian M.C. Images on the Margins of Gothic Manuscripts. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966; Figs. 10, 70, 82, 90, 391, 393, 581, 649.
Stones, M.A. "Illustrations of the French Prose Lancelot in Flanders, Belgium, and Paris, 1250-1340." PhD diss., University of London, 1970-1; pp. 225, 226, 232, 233, 238, 461, 472, 497, 507-511.
Helsinger, H. "Images on the Beatus Page of Some Medieval Psalters." Art Bulletin 53 (1971): 161-176; 171, 174, Fig. 15.
Verdier, Philippe. "Woman in the Marginalia of Gothic Manuscripts." In The Role of Woman in the Middle Ages, edited by Rosmarie Thee Morewedge, 121-160. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1972; pp. 132, 133, 136, 153, 155, 172, 175, Figs. 7, 11.
Randall, Lilian M.C. "Women in Manuscripts: Ms. in Miss." Bulletin of the Walters Art Gallery 28 (1975): 2-4; pp. 2-4, Fig. 4.
Freeman, Margaret B. The Unicorn Tapestries. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1976; pp. 41, 42, Figs. 32, 33.
Carlvant, K.B.E. "Collaboration in a Fourteenth Century Psalter: The Franciscan Iconographer and the Two Flemish Illuminators of MS 3384.8 in the Copenhagen Royal Library." Sacris Erudiri. Jaarboek voor Godsdienstwetneshappen 25 (1982): 135-166; pp. 136, 145, 149, 150.
Stones, M.A. "Notes on Three Illuminated Alexander Manuscripts." In The Medieval Alexander Legend and Romance Epic: Essays in Honor of David J. A. Ross, edited by P. Noble, L. Polak, and C.C. Isoz, 193-241. Millwood, NY: Kraus International Publication, 1982; p. 206.
Stones, M.A. "Another Short Note on Rylands French 1." Romanesque and Gothic: Essays for George Zarnecki, edited by N. Stratford. Woodbridge, Suffolk, and Wolfeboro, NH: Boydell Press, 1987; pp. 188-190.
Camille, M. Images on the Edge: The Margins of Medieval Art. London: Reaktion Books, 1992; p. 133, Fig. 70.
Smeyers, M, et. al. Naer natueren ghelike: Vlaamse minaturen voor van Eyck. Louvain, 1993; pp. 71, 125.
Carlvant, K. Exhibition Catalogue: Gent duizend jaar: p. 349, reference under 575.
Bousmanne, Bernard. Item à Guillaume Wyelant aussi enlumineur: Willem Vrelant, un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux sous le mécénat des ducs de Bourgogne Philippe le Bon et Charles le Téméraire. Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1997; p. 356 (n. 14).
Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997: pp. 77-85, cat. no. 225.
Smeyers, Mauritius. Flemish Miniatures from the 8th to the mid-16th Century: The Medieval World on Parchment. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1999; pp. 114 (fig. 1), 115, 172 (n. 63 for p. 141).
Gy, Pierre-Marie. "Bulletin de liturgie." Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques 84 (2000): 513-544; p. 520.
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Contributors
Principal cataloger: Randall, Lilian M.C.
Cataloger: Herbert, Lynley
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Copy editor: Dibble, Charles
Conservators: Owen, Linda; Quandt, Abigail
Contributors: Emery, Doug; Herbert, Lynley; Izer, Emily; Noel, William; Schuele, Allyson; Tabritha, Ariel; Toth, Michael B.; Wiegand, Kimber
Publisher
The Walters Art Museum
License
Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.
OUT NOW!!!! The Birds of Ireland: A Field Guide with Jim Wilson, also available as an eBook.
Shorebirds of Ireland with Jim Wilson.
Freshwater Birds of Ireland with Jim Wilson.
www.markcarmodyphotography.com
The Black-legged Kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla is a seabird species in the gull family Laridae.
In North America, this species is known as the Black-legged Kittiwake in order to differentiate it from the Red-legged Kittiwake, but in Europe, where it is the only member of the genus, it is often known just as Kittiwake.
In winter, this species acquires a dark grey smudge behind the eye and a grey hind-neck collar. The name is derived from its call, a shrill 'kittee-wa-aaake, kitte-wa-aaake'.
It is a coastal breeding bird around the north Pacific and north Atlantic oceans, found most commonly in North America and Europe. Cliff nesting for gulls occurs only in the Rissa species, and the Kittiwake is capable of utilizing the very sheerest of vertical cliffs.
There are two races of Black-legged Kittiwake:
* Rissa tridactyla tridactyla in the North Atlantic Ocean, which is unique among the Laridae in having only a very small or even no hind toe.
* Rissa tridactyla pollicaris in the North Pacific Ocean, which (as the name pollex, thumb, suggests) has a normally developed hind toe. (wikipedia)
This is an adult bird in winter/non-breeding plumage against a very heavy fog bank in the background. Beautiful birds.
Reference: Photo 24/(272)
From the Girdwood Collection held by the British Library.
This image is part of the Europeana Collections 1914-1918
Date: 6 Aug 1915
See also:
- View this at the British Library's site