View allAll Photos Tagged Guideline,
Jachthuis Sint Hubertus, Hoge Veluwe NL.
The building is a design of architect H.P. Berlage from 1915 – 1920. The legend of Saint Hubertus served as a guideline for the design. It was built for Anton Kröller (who liked to hunt) and Helene Kröller – Müller (who was interested in the mystical aspect of the Hubertus legend). This legend tells the story of the conversion of Hubertus who in his youth had been a keen hunter. He repented, especially following a vision of a Red Deer with a luminous cross between its antlers and a voice that told him to better his life if he wanted to avoid hell. After having taken on the cross from the deer’s antlers - figuratively speaking - Hubertus retired to a monastery. Hubertus finally died in 727 as the bishop of Liege and Maastricht, and the Catholic Church later named him patron saint of the hunters. Architect Berlage and the artists who worked with him have expressed the legend in the Jachthuis using a lot of symbolic, which was quite normal for art styles of around 1900.
As the plan shows, the building is shaped like antlers. The tower with the cross incorporated in the masonry symbolizes the luminous cross between the antlers. Berlage was an architect who designed in the style of the New Objectivity. This style allowed artists to show the individual beauty of constructive elements. As Berlage designed most of the interior as well as many implements, the whole thing was perfectly geared to each other. This is enhanced by the repeated use of certain materials and shapes. In his time, Berlage was a modern architect. The building is full of technical tours de force, such as central heating, a central clock system, a central vacuum system, an electric lift and Pullmann sliding windows.
Five foot ways (Malay: Kaki lima) are pedestrian walkways indented into the ground floor of a building from the road, so that the overhanging upper floors can provide a cover to shield pedestrians from the sun and rain. This feature can be found in many shophouses (and buildings of similar structural design) all over the world, and also in some office buildings (e.g. those along Shenton Way in Singapore). As the ground floor of most buildings are shops or eating places, the five foot ways can also function as a corridor for people to window-shop or stop by for some refreshments. As implied by name, five foot ways were intended to assume a consistent width of five feet from the absolute front to the wall and entrance defining the frontal of the inner space, but the guideline is not necessarily applied universally, as certain five foot ways are wider or narrower depending on the age, size and function of the building.[1]
In Malaysia and Singapore, five foot ways date back to the time of the Colonial Government, when Stamford Raffles included this and other details in his Town Plan of 1822; the feature was eventually integral in many settlements in neighbouring British colonies, and remains a prominent element in modern architecture in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Attempts in Singapore to clear the walkways of hawkers in the 1880s led to the so-called "Verandah Riots".
The Malay term for "five foot way", kaki lima (literally translated as only "five foot"), is also used generally to refer to corridors or verandas, regardless of their width.
Source wikipedia
Seen heading northbound on the M1 motorway at Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire.
GC19GMC is a 2019 Scania K410EB6 with Irizar i6S bodywork (C53Ft) from Guideline Coaches of Chelsfield, Orpington.
New to Guideline in March 2019.
Chrysanthemum.
Amarillo is one of my favourite words bringing back fond memories of my childhood in Venezuela. The Spanish word for yellow has such a lovely romantic sound, particularly if you pronounce it the Spanish way. There again it’s a reminder that Latin American folk have an appreciation of vibrant colour that we cloud-dulled Europeans can only hope to aspire to...
This is for the week’s Macro Mondays theme Monochrome. Hardly an original idea for a contribution to the theme (there are even similar shots in the group’s example gallery for the week), but one I wanted to explore simply because I like the deep softness and seductive beauty of the flowers that it can convey. I’ve seen it done so well by some of my friends here on Flickr so it was on my list to try :)
In any case macro flower photographs are my first love. In many ways they are a cheap trick - you don’t have to create beauty in an image, simply capture it and cause the eye to dwell on the ready-made bounty of creation. But if you have a garden or, as in this case, flowers bought to liven the grey winter light in the house then you don’t have to travel anywhere to find a rich photographic harvest.
I took around 35 close ups of this rather wilted bunch of Chrysanths sidelit from a window to give a soft natural contrast to the flowers. To my surprise many of these turned out to be interesting: I simply picked this one as one of the first I came across. Originally I thought of changing the colour to something unusual, like purple, but I was rather seduced by the natural yellow :)
Although the image was virtually monochrome there were bits of orange in the stamens and a green tinge to some petals. So how to force it to monochrome? The question was an interesting challenge rather than a necessity. I think I could have got away with it without tinkering with the colour because some of the example gallery pictures weren’t entirely monochrome in any case.
I didn’t want to convert to black and white and then tint it because I thought this might lose some of the tones (I’m still trying to work out whether what would be true - any ideas?). I tried reducing the saturation of green and orange in Lightroom. Didn’t work. I tried Replace Colour. No. I tried a yellow fill layer with Hue blend. Surprisingly appalling! In the end I created a fill layer sampling a yellow from the original and used Color blend. Yey!
This tale has a funny ending (if anyone gets this far in reading it!). If you’ve read any of my macro comments before you’ll know that I have problems with dust: mainly forgetting to clean the object before photographing it. This was no exception though I reckoned dusting a flower wasn’t going to be easy so I left it to the processing.
Sure enough the images had lots of dust. But I soon realised this was no ordinary dust. Looking at two consecutive images of the same flower the dust moved from one image to the next. My conclusion? Most of the flower’s dust particles came with six legs :)
I love the repeated petal shapes so wanted to bring these out in the image. The full flower in total is about 2 inches wide so even with the background flower we are within the 3 inch guideline for the group in this shot. Hippo!
Also for 7DWF Friday - Flora :)
Thank you very much for taking time to look. I hope you enjoy the image. Happy Macro Mondays everyone :)
[Daylight. Tripod mount; remote release; focused in Live View on the flower centre; VR off.
Plain processing in Lightroom with soft contrast, lightening the blacks and shadows and added just a touch of Clarity.
Retouched with the Inpainting tool in Affinity Photo; sharpened with Unsharp Mask to bring out the centre of the flower.
Duplicated layer and blended with Glow blend mode and low opacity (6%) to strengthen the lighter yellows.
Filled new layer with yellow sampled from the original captures and blended back with Colour mode to force monochrome.
Quite a lot of tweaking with Exposure, Brightness/Contrast and Shadows/Highlights layers to get a soft contrast and rescue the Red channel from blowing out.
Finally cropped out some of the less interesting petals keeping the centre of the flower on the intersection of thirds and added a mild dark vignette to draw the eye into the image.]
This is another picture taken last Friday when I went out to find some landcape pictures for the theme of week 45.
When I first spotted this scene, I wasn't even sure I should stop because it seemed rather ordinary. But I did not know if I was going to find another landscape to photograph, so I thought it was better to take a picture or two to be on the safe side.
The sky was perhaps the mos interesting aspect of the scene, so in order to add a little "drama" to the photograph, I used the rule of thirds: I placed the barn on the lower left "power point" vertical third and the horizon line at the lower horizontal third.
According to Wikipedia, the rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" or guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs.[1] The guideline proposes that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts by two equally-spaced horizontal lines and two equally-spaced vertical lines, and that important compositional elements should be placed along these lines or their intersections.[2] Proponents of the technique claim that aligning a subject with these points creates more tension, energy and interest in the composition than simply centering the subject would.
If the Cold War would have turned hot, Soviet forces in Europe would face potentially overwhelming NATO air power. To offset this, Red Army doctrine emphasised integrating surface-based air defences into its mechanised units. Early Soviet SAMs, such as the S-75 "Dvina:/ SA-2 "Guideline" were could not move with the troops. The later 2K12 "Kub"/ SA-6 "Gainful", introduced in the late sixties, included mobile missile erector-launchers on tracked chassis and separate tracked vehicles with surveillance and guidance radars and were much more mobile. The launchers used for its replacement, the "Buk" system (beech), include their own guidance radars, which makes them TELARs (transporter-erector-launcher, radar), for more flexibility. The vehicles can even operate independently, if necessary, although the volume that can be scanned by the radar is very limited.
DSC_9087 - FA64 ENG - Scania K360EB6/Irizar i6 - Guideline Coaches (England Football Team Coach) - Monkwearmouth, Stobart Street 27/05/16
Seen heading north on the M1 motorway at Milton Keynes is a Scania K360IB4 with Irizar i6 bodywork from Guideline Coaches of Orpington in London.
Delivered new to Guideline in 10/2018.
The Denizli is a breed of rooster developed in Denizli, Turkey. It is characterised by its long-crowing abilities, with the general guideline being a crow of 20–25 seconds in their first year. The breed is divided into 3 groups based on colour, body structure, and comb types. It is described as having black eyes, dark gray or purple leg colour, with silver or red hackles and sometimes red feathering on the wings. They weigh 3–3.5 kg.
It has been the symbol of both Denizli City and Province for at least nine hundred years, after excavations at Laodicea on the Lycus revealed a 900-year-old relief of the cities symbol. In 2013 the largest glass sculpture in Turkey, a giant Denizli rooster in Delikliçınar Square, Denizli City, was unveiled to celebrate this find following a survey to decide on a statue for the newly renovated square.
Its population has been noted as declining, and an active conservation program is now in progress by the Lalahan Central Livestock Research Institute.
A video of a Denizli rooster crowing entitled "death metal rooster", went viral on YouTube in 2010. Discovery Channel covered the video explaining how roosters crow for such a long duration. The video was nominated in the O Music Awards 2011 for Best Animal Performance.
This is the Handley Page Victor, the famous British Cold War Strategic Bomber/Tanker that I made with LEGO bricks.
After I built the Vickers Valiant (the first of the “V-Bombers”) in Micro-scale, I decided to build the Handley Page Victor as well which was the last Strategic Bomber developed by the United Kingdom during the Cold War to enter service.
While the Valiant used a slightly swept wing to achieve high speeds, the Victor used a revolutionary crescent-shaped swept wing, based on the ideas developed by German scientists during the Second World War.
For a short period of time, the Victor was able to fly higher and faster than many first generation fighters.
However, with the development of Surface to Air Missiles like the SA-2 Guideline, it became a suicide mission to fly over Soviet territory (even at high altitudes), so the Victor started to perform low altitude missions to evade radar detection.
This however led to extensive metal fatigue, which forced the Victor´s removal from the Strategic Bombing role. The airframes were then converted into Strategic Tankers and reconnaissance planes, a role that it performed extremely well until 1993.
During it´s long service as a tanker, it was used to refuel the Avro Vulcan bomber that performed the Black Buck raids against the Falklands as well as refuel Tornado Strike Planes during the First Gulf War.
For more pictures, please visit my Flickr page:
Eínon
Here in these haikus
it is shown for all to see
if you understand
=========================
It is here to see
there is no yang without yin
and yin without yang
=========================
A Haiku Note:
=======================
Viewing the Wu Wei
is the way of world events
in this Tiger year
=======================
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:- -:- -:- -:- FYI -:- -:- -:- -:-
In Chinese philosophy, yin and yang (also, yin-yang or yin yang) describes how apparently opposite or contrary forces are actually complementary, interconnected, and interdependent in the natural world, and how they give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another. Many tangible dualities (such as light and dark, fire and water, and male and female) are thought of as physical manifestations of the duality of yin and yang. This duality lies at the origins of many branches of classical Chinese science and philosophy, as well as being a primary guideline of traditional Chinese medicine, and a central principle of different forms of Chinese martial arts and exercise, such as baguazhang, taijiquan (t'ai chi), and qigong (Chi Kung), as well as in the pages of the I Ching written in 1,000 BC and before.
Yin and yang can be thought of as complementary (rather than opposing) forces that interact to form a dynamic system in which the whole is greater than the assembled parts. Everything has both yin and yang aspects, (for instance shadow cannot exist without light). Either of the two major aspects may manifest more strongly in a particular object, depending on the criterion of the observation. The yin yang shows a balance between two opposites with a little bit in each.
In Daoist metaphysics, distinctions between good and bad, along with other dichotomous moral judgments, are perceptual, not real; so, the duality of yin and yang is an indivisible whole. In the ethics of Confucianism on the other hand, most notably in the philosophy of Dong Zhongshu (c. 2nd century BC), a moral dimension is attached to the idea of yin and yang.
......................................................................................... Wikipedia
====================================================
www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdD80MkLEE4
====================================================
Yin --- Yang
0 --- 1
- ... +
abdomen --- back
absorbing --- penetrating
acidity --- alkalinity
affective --- cognitive
afternoon --- morning
akasha --- prana
autumn --- spring
back --- front
backward --- forward
belly --- head
below --- above
black --- white
bottom --- top
broken --- solid
calm --- chaos
center --- extreme
centripetal force --- centrifugal force
chills --- fever
cinnabar --- lead
circle --- square
circular --- straight
clockwise --- counter-clockwise
cold --- hot
contracting --- expanding
copper--- tin
dark --- light
death --- life
diffuse --- focused
down --- up
earth --- sky
eight --- nine
emotional --- logical
empty --- full
end of motion --- beginning of motion
even --- odd
fat --- muscle
female --- male
feminine --- masculine
flexible --- firm
fluid --- static
follower --- leader
forgiveness --- anger
freezing water --- boiling water
fruits --- cereals
girl --- boy
heart --- mind
heaven --- earth
ice --- fire
introvert --- extrovert
intuitive --- logical
involuntary --- voluntary
inward --- outward
left --- right
light --- shadow
low --- high
me --- I
minus --- plus
momentum ---position
moon --- sun
mother --- father
night --- day
non-action --- action
north --- south
northwest --- southeast
off --- on
open --- close
orange --- azure
passion --- reason
passive --- active
pink --- blue
potassium --- sodium
process --- structure
pull --- push
quiescence --- activity
quiet --- loud
receiving --- giving
receptive --- creative
relaxed --- tense
right brain --- left brain
salt --- pepper
sensitivity --- firmness
short --- tall
sister --- brother
six --- seven
slow --- fast
small --- large
softness --- hardness
spiritual --- physical
static --- energetic
stillness --- motion
subconscious --- conscious
subjective --- objective
submissive --- dominant
sugar --- salt
sunset --- sunrise
sweet --- sour
taking --- giving
tiger --- dragon
tranquil --- active
vagina --- penis
valley --- mountain
venus --- jupiter
water --- fire
wave --- particle
weak --- strong
west --- east
wet --- dry
winter --- summer
wisdom --- intelligence
woman --- man
xue-blood --- qi-energy
yielding --- aggressive
yin --- yang
zero --- one
======================================================
www.youtube.com/watch?v=IuDY8m72tgk
======================================================
======================================================
* ( * ) - ( * ) - ( * ) - ( * ) - ( *+) - ( * ) - ( * ) - ( * ) - ( * ) - (*) - (*+) *
======================================================
The ZiL-131 is a general purpose 3.5 tons 6x6 army truck designed in the Soviet Union by the Zavod imeni Likhachova (ZiL) plant. Introduced in 1966, the vehicle was produced in many variants, including the tractor-trailer model utilized to tow the SA-2's GUIDELINE missile.
---
Designed as part of the BrickFair VA 2018 Vietnam Collab, alongside Peter Dornbi's awesome SM-90 erector-launcher & FAN SONG radar.
Saint-Petersburg. Artillery Museum.
The S-75 Dvina (Russian: С-75; NATO reporting name SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude, command guided, surface-to-air missile (SAM). Since its first deployment in 1957 it has become the most widely-deployed air defense missile in history. It scored the first destruction of an enemy aircraft by a SAM, shooting down a Taiwanese Martin RB-57D Canberra over China, on October 7, 1959 by hitting it with three V-750 (1D) missiles at an altitude of 20 km (65,600 ft). The success was attributed to Chinese fighters at the time in order to keep the S-75 program secret.
This system first gained international fame when an S-75 battery, using the newer, longer-range and higher-altitude V-750VN (13D) missile shot down the U-2 of Francis Gary Powers overflying the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960.[3] The system was also deployed in Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis, where on October 27, 1962, it shot down the U-2 flown by Rudolf Anderson, almost precipitating nuclear war.[4] North Vietnamese forces used the S-75 extensively during the Vietnam War to defend Hanoi and Haiphong. It has also been locally produced in the People's Republic of China using the names HQ-1 and HQ-2. Other nations have produced so many local variants combining portions of the S-75 system with both indigenously-developed components or third-party systems that it has become virtually impossible to find a pure S-75 system today,
Development
In the early 1950s, the United States Air Force rapidly accelerated its development of long-range jet bombers carrying nuclear weapons. The USAF program led to the deployment of Boeing B-47 Stratojet supported by aerial refueling aircraft to extend its range deep into the Soviet Union. The USAF quickly followed the B-47 with the development of the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, which had greater range and payload than the B-47. The range, speed, and payload of these U.S. bombers posed a significant threat to the Soviet Union in the event of a war between the two countries.
onsequently, the Soviets initiated the development of improved air defense systems. Although the Soviet Air Defence Forces had large numbers of anti-aircraft artillery (AAA), including radar-directed batteries, the limitations of guns versus high-altitude jet bombers was obvious. Therefore, the Soviet Air Defense Forces began the development of missile systems to replace the World War II-vintage gun defenses.
In 1953, KB-2 began the development of what became the S-75 under the direction of Pyotr Grushin. This program focused on producing a missile which could bring down a large, non-maneuvering, high-altitude aircraft. As such it did not need to be highly maneuverable, merely fast and able to resist aircraft counter-measures. For such a pioneering system, development proceeded rapidly, and testing began a few years later. In 1957, the wider public first became aware of the S-75 when the missile was shown at that year's May Day parade in Moscow.
Initial deployment
Wide-scale deployment started in 1957, with various upgrades following over the next few years. The S-75 was never meant to replace the S-25 Berkut surface-to-air missile sites around Moscow, but it did replace high-altitude anti-aircraft guns, such as the 130 mm KS-30 and 100 mm KS-19. Between mid-1958 and 1964, U.S. intelligence assets located more than 600 S-75 sites in the USSR. These sites tended to cluster around population centers, industrial complexes, and government control centers. A ring of sites was also located around likely bomber routes into the Soviet heartland. By the mid-1960s, the Soviet Union had ended the deployment of the S-75 with perhaps 1,000 operational sites.
In addition to the Soviet Union, several S-75 batteries were deployed during the 1960s in East Germany to protect Soviet forces stationed in that country. Later the system was sold to most Warsaw Pact countries and was provided to China, North Korea, and eventually, North Vietnam.
Employment
While the shooting down of Francis Gary Powers' U-2 in 1960 is the first publicized success for the S-75, the first aircraft actually shot down by the S-75 was a Taiwanese Martin RB-57D Canberra high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. In this case, the aircraft was hit by a Chinese-operated S-75 site near Beijing on October 7, 1959. Over the next few years, the Taiwanese ROCAF would lose a number of aircraft to the S-75: both RB-57s and various drones. On May 1, 1960, Gary Powers's U-2 was shot down while flying over the testing site near Sverdlovsk, although it is thought to have taken 14 missiles to hit his high-flying plane. That action led to the U-2 Crisis of 1960. Additionally, Chinese S-75s downed five ROCAF-piloted U-2s based in Taiwan.[5]
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, a U-2 piloted by USAF Major Rudolf Anderson was shot down over Cuba by an S-75 in October 1962.[6]
In 1965, North Vietnam asked for some assistance against American airpower, for their own air-defense system lacked the ability to shoot down aircraft flying at high altitude. After some discussion it was agreed to supply the PAVN with the S-75. The decision was not made lightly, because it greatly increased the chances that one would fall into US hands for study. Site preparation started early in the year, and the US detected the program almost immediately on April 5, 1965. While military planners pressed for the sites to be attacked before they could become operational, their political leaders refused, fearing that Soviet technical staff might be killed.
On July 24, 1965, a USAF F-4C aircraft was shot down by an SA-2.[7] Three days later, the US responded with Operation Iron Hand to attack the other sites before they could become operational. Most of the S-75 were deployed around the Hanoi-Haiphong area and were off-limits to attack (as were local airfields) for political reasons. President Lyndon Johnson announced on public TV that one of the other sites would be attacked the next week. The Vietnamese removed the missiles and replaced them with decoys, while moving every available anti-aircraft gun into the approach routes. The tactic worked, causing heavy American casualties.
The missile system was used widely throughout the world, especially in the Middle East, where Egypt and Syria used them to defend against the Israeli Air Force, with the air defense net accounting for the majority of the downed Israeli aircraft. The last apparent success seems to have occurred during the War in Abkhazia (1992–1993), when Georgian missiles shot down a Russian Sukhoi Su-27 fighter near Gudauta on March 19, 1993.
Countermeasures and counter-countermeasures
Between 1965 and 1966, the US delivered a number of solutions to the S-75 problem. The Navy soon had the Shrike missile in service and mounted their first offensive strike on a site in October 1965. The Air Force responded by fitting B-66 bombers with powerful jammers (that blinded the early warning radars) and by developing smaller jamming pods for fighters (that denied range information to the radars). Later developments included the Wild Weasel aircraft, which were fitted with anti-radiation air-to-surface missile systems made to home in on the radar from the threat. This freed them to shoot the sites with Shrikes of their own.
The Soviets and Vietnamese, however, were able to adapt to some of these tactics. The USSR upgraded the radar several times to improve ECM (electronic counter measure) resistance. They also introduced a passive guidance mode, whereby the missile could lock on the jammer itself. This had an added advantage, because the radar had to be turned off, which prevented Shrikes from being fired. Moreover, some new tactics were developed to combat the Shrike. One of them was to point the radar to the side and then turn it off briefly. Since the Shrike was a relatively primitive anti-radiation missile, it would follow the beam away from the radar and then simply crash when it lost the signal (after the radar was turned off). Another was a "false launch" in which the tracking radar was turned on, but the missiles were not actually fired. This allowed the missile crew to see if the target was equipped with a Shrike. If the aircraft fired one, the Shrike could be neutralized with the side-pointing technique without sacrificing any S-75s.
Despite these advances, the US was able to come up with effective ECM packages for the B-52E models. These planes were able to fly raids against Hanoi with relatively few losses (though still significant enough to cause some concern; see Operation Linebacker II).
Replacement systems
Soviet Air Defence Forces started to replace the S-75 with the vastly superior SA-10 and SA-12 systems in the 1980s. Today only a few hundred, if any, of the 4,600 missiles are still in Russian service, even though they underwent a modernization program as late as 1993.[citation needed]
The S-75 remains in widespread service throughout the world, with some level of operational ability in 35 countries. Vietnam and Egypt are tied for the largest deployments at 280 missiles each, while North Korea has 270, and Poland has 240. The Chinese also deploy the HQ-2, an upgrade of the S-75, in relatively large numbers.
Soviet doctrinal organization
The Soviet Union used a fairly standard organizational structure for S-75 units. Other countries that have employed the S-75 may have modified this structure. Typically, the S-75 is organized into a regimental structure with three subordinate battalions. The regimental headquarters will control the early-warning radars and coordinate battalion actions. The battalions will contain several batteries with their associated acquisition and targeting radars.
Site layout
Each battalion will typically have six, semi-fixed, single-rail launchers for their V-750 missiles positioned approximately 60 to 100 m (200 to 330 ft) apart from each other in a hexagonal "flower" pattern, with radars and guidance systems placed in the center. It was this unique "flower" shape that led to the sites being easily recognizable in reconnaissance photos. Typically another six missiles are stored on tractor-trailers near the center of the site.
An example of a site can be seen here just to the west of the junction to Bosra on the M5 motorway in Syria, south of Damascus. This location covers the borders with both Israel and Jordan, so it is of strategic importance.
Missile
V-750
V-750V 1D missile on a launcher
TypeSurface-to-air missile
Place of origin Soviet Union
Production history
VariantsV-750, V-750V, V-750VK, V-750VN, V-750M, V-750SM, V-750AK
Specifications (V-750[9])
Weight2,300 kg (5,100 lb)
Length10,600 mm (420 in)
Diameter700 mm (28 in)
WarheadFrag-HE
Warhead weight200 kg (440 lb)
Detonation
mechanismCommand
PropellantSolid-fuel booster and a storable liquid-fuel upper stage
Operational
range45 km (28 mi)
Flight altitude20,000 m (66,000 ft)
Boost time5 s boost, then 20 s sustain
SpeedMach 3.5
Guidance
systemRadio control guidance
Accuracy65 m
Launch
platformSingle rail, ground mounted (not mobile)
The V-750 is a two-stage missile consisting of a solid-fuel booster and a storable liquid-fuel upper stage, which burns red fuming nitric acid as the oxidizer and kerosene as the fuel. The booster fires for about 4–5 seconds and the main engine for about 22 seconds, by which time the missile is traveling at about Mach 3. The booster mounts four large, cropped-delta wing fins that have small control surfaces in their trailing edges to control roll. The upper stage has smaller cropped-deltas near the middle of the airframe, with a smaller set of control surfaces at the extreme rear and (in most models) much smaller fins on the nose.
The missiles are guided using radio control signals (sent on one of three channels) from the guidance computers at the site. The earlier S-75 models received their commands via two sets of four small antennas in front of the forward fins, while the D model and later models used four much larger strip antennas running between the forward and middle fins. The guidance system at an S-75 site can handle only one target at a time, but it can direct three missiles against it. Additional missiles could be fired against the same target after one or more missiles of the first salvo had completed their run, freeing the radio channel.
The missile typically mounts a 195 kg (430 lb) fragmentation warhead, with proximity, contact, and command fusing. The warhead has a lethal radius of about 65 m (213 ft) at lower altitudes, but at higher altitudes the thinner atmosphere allows for a wider radius of up to 250 m (820 ft). The missile itself is accurate to about 75 m (246 ft), which explains why two were typically fired in a salvo. One version, the SA-2E, mounted a 295 kg (650 lb) nuclear warhead of an estimated 15 Kiloton yield or a conventional warhead of similar weight.
Typical range for the missile is about 45 km (28 mi), with a maximum altitude around 20,000 m (66,000 ft). The radar and guidance system imposed a fairly long short-range cutoff of about 500 to 1,000 m (1,600 to 3,300 ft), making them fairly safe for engagements at low level.
With a spare Sunday morning on my hands and the weather not looking too good to the east, it was off to Oxford on the early morning train for a pleasant walk around the city. Of course I was only there to capture the Sunday bus scene in February 2020.
A Haiku Note:
=======================
Viewing the Wu Wei
is the way of world events
in this Tiger year
=======================
Something to THINK About
=========================
Today is the Tomorrow
We worried about Yesterday
..................... but ........................
Yesterday is now History
Tomorrow is a Mystery
...................... so ........................
Today is a Gift
That's why it is called the Present
Try to be mindful of this Present Moment
Here's hoping your tomorrows exceed
your happiest yesterdays
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:- -:- -:- -:- FYI -:- -:- -:- -:-
In Chinese philosophy, yin and yang (also, yin-yang or yin yang) describes how apparently opposite or contrary forces are actually complementary, interconnected, and interdependent in the natural world, and how they give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another. Many tangible dualities (such as light and dark, fire and water, and male and female) are thought of as physical manifestations of the duality of yin and yang. This duality lies at the origins of many branches of classical Chinese science and philosophy, as well as being a primary guideline of traditional Chinese medicine, and a central principle of different forms of Chinese martial arts and exercise, such as baguazhang, taijiquan (t'ai chi), and qigong (Chi Kung), as well as in the pages of the I Ching written in 1,000 BC and before.
Yin and yang can be thought of as complementary (rather than opposing) forces that interact to form a dynamic system in which the whole is greater than the assembled parts. Everything has both yin and yang aspects, (for instance shadow cannot exist without light). Either of the two major aspects may manifest more strongly in a particular object, depending on the criterion of the observation. The yin yang shows a balance between two opposites with a little bit in each.
In Daoist metaphysics, distinctions between good and bad, along with other dichotomous moral judgments, are perceptual, not real; so, the duality of yin and yang is an indivisible whole. In the ethics of Confucianism on the other hand, most notably in the philosophy of Dong Zhongshu (c. 2nd century BC), a moral dimension is attached to the idea of yin and yang.
......................................................................................... Wikipedia
====================================================
www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdD80MkLEE4
====================================================
Yin --- Yang
0 --- 1
- ... +
abdomen --- back
absorbing --- penetrating
acidity --- alkalinity
affective --- cognitive
afternoon --- morning
akasha --- prana
autumn --- spring
back --- front
backward --- forward
belly --- head
below --- above
black --- white
bottom --- top
broken --- solid
calm --- chaos
center --- extreme
centripetal force --- centrifugal force
chills --- fever
cinnabar --- lead
circle --- square
circular --- straight
clockwise --- counter-clockwise
cold --- hot
contracting --- expanding
copper--- tin
dark --- light
death --- life
diffuse --- focused
down --- up
earth --- sky
eight --- nine
emotional --- logical
empty --- full
end of motion --- beginning of motion
even --- odd
fat --- muscle
female --- male
feminine --- masculine
flexible --- firm
fluid --- static
follower --- leader
forgiveness --- anger
freezing water --- boiling water
fruits --- cereals
girl --- boy
heart --- mind
heaven --- earth
ice --- fire
introvert --- extrovert
intuitive --- logical
involuntary --- voluntary
inward --- outward
left --- right
light --- shadow
low --- high
me --- I
minus --- plus
momentum ---position
moon --- sun
mother --- father
night --- day
non-action --- action
north --- south
northwest --- southeast
off --- on
open --- close
orange --- azure
passion --- reason
passive --- active
pink --- blue
potassium --- sodium
process --- structure
pull --- push
quiescence --- activity
quiet --- loud
receiving --- giving
receptive --- creative
relaxed --- tense
right brain --- left brain
salt --- pepper
sensitivity --- firmness
short --- tall
sister --- brother
six --- seven
slow --- fast
small --- large
softness --- hardness
spiritual --- physical
static --- energetic
stillness --- motion
subconscious --- conscious
subjective --- objective
submissive --- dominant
sugar --- salt
sunset --- sunrise
sweet --- sour
taking --- giving
tiger --- dragon
tranquil --- active
vagina --- penis
valley --- mountain
venus --- jupiter
water --- fire
wave --- particle
weak --- strong
west --- east
wet --- dry
winter --- summer
wisdom --- intelligence
woman --- man
xue-blood --- qi-energy
yielding --- aggressive
yin --- yang
zero --- one
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www.youtube.com/watch?v=IuDY8m72tgk
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-:- (1) ::: (2) ::: (3) ::: (4) ::: (2X5) ::: (6) ::: (7) ::: (8) ::: (9) ::: (4X10) -:-
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Haiku Notes To Consider:
=========================
Now on planet earth
over 8 billion people
November 16th
=========================
Look to see what is
then look to see what is not
part of the matrix
=========================
The way that you are
is the result of the path
you chose to follow
=========================
To know of the way
is just to go with the flow
what will be will be
=========================
Follow your own path
wherever it may lead you
let it be your guide
====================================
V=22,343 ::: F=11 ::: C=105 ::: 04/13/2023
V=25,730 ::: F=11 ::: C=106 ::: 11/24/2023
====================================
-:- -:- -:- -:- FYI -:- -:- -:- -:-
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covid19.who.int/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI-vyo4PeZ7gIVIzizAB1OFQ...
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-:- -:- -:- -:- FYI -:- -:- -:- -:-
In Chinese philosophy, yin and yang (also, yin-yang or yin yang) describes how apparently opposite or contrary forces are actually complementary, interconnected, and interdependent in the natural world, and how they give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another. Many tangible dualities (such as light and dark, fire and water, and male and female) are thought of as physical manifestations of the duality of yin and yang. This duality lies at the origins of many branches of classical Chinese science and philosophy, as well as being a primary guideline of traditional Chinese medicine, and a central principle of different forms of Chinese martial arts and exercise, such as baguazhang, taijiquan (t'ai chi), and qigong (Chi Kung), as well as in the pages of the I Ching written in 1,000 BC and before.
Yin and yang can be thought of as complementary (rather than opposing) forces that interact to form a dynamic system in which the whole is greater than the assembled parts. Everything has both yin and yang aspects, (for instance shadow cannot exist without light). Either of the two major aspects may manifest more strongly in a particular object, depending on the criterion of the observation. The yin yang shows a balance between two opposites with a little bit in each.
In Daoist metaphysics, distinctions between good and bad, along with other dichotomous moral judgments, are perceptual, not real; so, the duality of yin and yang is an indivisible whole. In the ethics of Confucianism on the other hand, most notably in the philosophy of Dong Zhongshu (c. 2nd century BC), a moral dimension is attached to the idea of yin and yang.
......................................................................................... Wikipedia
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www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdD80MkLEE4
====================================================
Yin --- Yang
0 --- 1
- ... +
abdomen --- back
absorbing --- penetrating
acidity --- alkalinity
affective --- cognitive
afternoon --- morning
akasha --- prana
autumn --- spring
back --- front
backward --- forward
belly --- head
below --- above
black --- white
bottom --- top
broken --- solid
calm --- chaos
center --- extreme
centripetal force --- centrifugal force
chills --- fever
cinnabar --- lead
circle --- square
circular --- straight
clockwise --- counter-clockwise
cold --- hot
contracting --- expanding
copper--- tin
dark --- light
death --- life
diffuse --- focused
down --- up
earth --- sky
eight --- nine
emotional --- logical
empty --- full
end of motion --- beginning of motion
even --- odd
fat --- muscle
female --- male
feminine --- masculine
flexible --- firm
fluid --- static
follower --- leader
forgiveness --- anger
freezing water --- boiling water
fruits --- cereals
girl --- boy
heart --- mind
heaven --- earth
ice --- fire
introvert --- extrovert
intuitive --- logical
involuntary --- voluntary
inward --- outward
left --- right
light --- shadow
low --- high
me --- I
minus --- plus
momentum ---position
moon --- sun
mother --- father
night --- day
non-action --- action
north --- south
northwest --- southeast
off --- on
open --- close
orange --- azure
passion --- reason
passive --- active
pink --- blue
potassium --- sodium
process --- structure
pull --- push
quiescence --- activity
quiet --- loud
receiving --- giving
receptive --- creative
relaxed --- tense
right brain --- left brain
salt --- pepper
sensitivity --- firmness
short --- tall
sister --- brother
six --- seven
slow --- fast
small --- large
softness --- hardness
spiritual --- physical
static --- energetic
stillness --- motion
subconscious --- conscious
subjective --- objective
submissive --- dominant
sugar --- salt
sunset --- sunrise
sweet --- sour
taking --- giving
tiger --- dragon
tranquil --- active
vagina --- penis
valley --- mountain
venus --- jupiter
water --- fire
wave --- particle
weak --- strong
west --- east
wet --- dry
winter --- summer
wisdom --- intelligence
woman --- man
xue-blood --- qi-energy
yielding --- aggressive
yin --- yang
zero --- one
======================================================
www.youtube.com/watch?v=IuDY8m72tgk
======================================================
An unfurling datura bud in my garden beautifully displays the yin and yang symbol. A sight to behold !!!
An aerial view of the bud.
In Chinese philosophy, yin & yang, which are often shortened to "yin-yang" or "yin yang", are concepts used to describe how apparently opposite or contrary forces are actually complementary, interconnected, and interdependent in the natural world, and how they give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another. Many tangible dualities (such as light and dark, fire and water, and male and female) are thought of as physical manifestations of the duality of yin and yang. This duality lies at the origins of many branches of classical Chinese science and philosophy, as well as being a primary guideline of traditional Chinese medicine, and a central principle of different forms of Chinese martial arts and exercise, such as baguazhang, taijiquan (t'ai chi), and qigong (Chi Kung), as well as in the pages of the I Ching.
Yin and yang can be thought of as complementary (rather than opposing) forces that interact to form a dynamic system in which the whole is greater than the assembled parts. Everything has both yin and yang aspects, (for instance shadow cannot exist without light). Either of the two major aspects may manifest more strongly in a particular object, depending on the criterion of the observation.
To know more about Yin-Yang pl see this.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang
நன்றறியேன் தீதறியேன் நானென்று நின்றவனார்
என்றறியேன் நான்ஏழை என்னே பராபரமே !!!
தாயுமானவர் பராபரக்கண்ணி
This image is best viewed large.
In Joshua Tree National Park, located near the community of Twentynine Palms, California, the park's namesake tree is to be found everywhere in the upper reaches of the park.
Technique notes:
I saw a photograph many years ago, can't remember where or who the photographer was, of a Joshua tree and rocks at sunset where the tree cast its shadow on a big rock. I scouted around in the park looking for such a setting but where I saw a nice tree and a more or less flat-faced big rock facing the west, the sun angle was not right for the season. This image was the best I could do in my limited time in the park.
While shooting a sunset the light, of course, goes through stages and each stage is must be treated differently by the photographer. The early stage, like this stage where the sky is still blue, are often best captured with a circular polarizer (CP) filter. During later stages, I find the CP just acts like a neutral density filter and reduces the light reaching the camera's sensor. I will often, if I have time, try capturing the scene with and without the CP filter.
On the composition, here is an example where we have a major compositional element and a somewhat spread out minor one. The major element is the Joshua tree and the minor one is the rock pile and shadow of the tree. I shot this tree in several compositions and both horizontally and vertically, but this one looked best to me. I placed the tree just slightly off center horizontally and I centered it vertically. Even though the "Rule of Thirds" is a good general rule, it is not hard and fast, only a guideline and there are images where it does not work best.
I composed this shot so the horizon did not come at the midpoint of the image but a bit higher. Another good general guideline in composition is to not split the image in two with the horizon. There are exceptions to this, but in general it applies.
When you are setup with your camera on the tripod and looking through the viewfinder, keep in mind a list of compositional techniques that fit the scene. When you are a beginner, make a list on a card and review them as you compose the scene. As you gain experienced, these "rules" of composition will become ingrained and you won't have to think mush about them.
:: the_details ::
Canon Rebel XSi | 13mm | 0.6s | f/22 | iso 100
+ 2-stop hard-edge gradual neutral density filter HiTech
+ 3-stop soft-edge gradual neutral density filter Cokin 121s
+ vignetting
+ glow effect to make the foreground look like a painting
Single RAW exposure converted and processed in PS3 Extended.
:: more_details ::
A little about the photo first before I start my "Photographing in a group" write-up. LOL
This shot was taken during my walk yesterday. Oh first off, did I tell you it was pretty warm yesterday... about 64 degrees and one may think spring is finally here. I personally can't say for sure. April has always been a month of unexpected snowfalls and why should it be different this year? Anyway, it wasn't my intention to shoot at all yesterday but took the camera with me --- just in case. Friday we had clear blue skies which really is any photographer's dream... NOT! So I was pretty happy to see we had some storm clouds along with some amazing cumulus clouds moving in around 10am. Well, sunset was not before 7.45pm and all the praying (well, rather a strong hoping! haha!) didn't help and on point 7 the clouds started to vanish. I mean really vanish!!! Within ten minutes I saw a blue sky and a big ol' 'mountain' sitting right under the sun. Praise the lord! I still was hoping for a pretty cool sunset --- as you can see, I didn't have such luck but I got some rays shooting over the clouds. I set up, mounted a 2-stop hard-edge and a 3-stop soft-edge gradual neutral density filter in front of the wide angle to capture those rays or rather one big beam! LOL In post, I tried a new technique I picked up from an article on the "Nature Photographers" site written by Marc Adamus and Floris van Breugel. Since the foreground was pretty uninspired to say the least I wanted to give their "glow" technique a try. Basically you blur the highlights which makes the picture look a little like a painting. Don't really know if that's how it's supposed to look but I think I will experiment with this technique a little in the future....
Guideline for Photographing in a Group - or How You Should Not Do It!
You would mean I have learned my lesson from the outing on 4000ft. but I didn't!!! I am a rebel, what can I say. But seriously, is there an etiquette when being with a group? I think so but it's like with everything --- you learn (or don't learn) by your mistakes.
1. Do not, in any case, pay attention to people photographing directly from the trail!
2. Get in front! (If this means wading out 216 miles in 30 degree water a la Chaybert --- do it! If you have the right equipment (snowshoes, waders, wings, etc.) --- do it!)
3. Be the first to set up the tripod. It's after the easy principle, FIFO! First in, first out. It really is as easy as that.
4. Get involved! (I really don't have a clue what this means but it sounded pretty cool.)
5. Never get close to elderly people! Please don't be offended if you're 60+ and read this. I am not disrespectful and if you do not ask stupid questions while standing next to me you can easily exclude yourself from the list unless you previously left footprints in the fresh snow or let your dog do it for you. Then you're really screwed.
6. This is more of a security advice for yourself. If you're a bit clumsy on your feet (may this be natural or due to the fact you drank too much beer the other night --- see No. 8), watch your feet so that you do not run the risk of knocking over a $50 grand Hasselblad. You know who you are. If you're a category "5" person, don't get near me!
7. Bring the longest lens you own or rent a piece of glass... (and claim it to be your own... Remove stickers if necessary!). Since most photographers you'll be around are men (I claim this on the fact that landscapes are not as cute as babies and women don't like to camp in the wild.) you will encounter a behavior often referred to as "lens-envy" which is quite similar to another phenomenon related to this one but I don't really want to dig deeper.
8. If you're camping out with at least one other person make sure to bring beer and food for the evening at the camp fire. Chips and chocolate bars won't work. Warm dinner! (Maybe it's just me...)
9. It's not a requirement but advisable to bring a spear or any other legal weapon of your choice. It's fun to play around with it like a nine year-old and they can come in pretty handy as well... considering all the options above you might know by now what I was thinking of.
10. If you're with a group you don't like (this is most likely to happen when you walk along a trail with your tripod and camera bag (Please take note, you do not even have to have the camera around you neck.) and you run into some folks with P&S cameras who immediately think you will guide them to your secret spots) you have three options. Send them into the steep path into the canyon, send them around the next big rock or read No. 9 again. Case 1: They will probably get killed on their way down --- you win. Case 2: You can hope a wild animal like a bear or mountain lion awaits them --- you win. If 1 or 2 didn't work out for your satisfaction you might want to consider option 3 but be warned. They might have read this... haha!
11. If you're with a group of photographers you like (yes!) it's unlikely you need to follow all these rules because most of the time you will be busy shooting, hiking, eating, laughing, drinking, or... there are a few more options but I don't want to go into detail here as this was considered to be a short and handy guideline. Happy shooting!
Happy Sunday ya'll!
www.davidrichterphotography.com
www.davidrichterphotography.com/blog/
Don Omar - Virtual Diva
© Ben Heine || Facebook || Twitter || www.benheine.com
_______________________________________________
When photography meets drawing and philosophy...
I took this photo in a peaceful beach in Portugal
_______________________________________________
For more information about my art: info@benheine.com
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Yin and Yang
By Mohan Sawhney
in every dusk a new dawning
in every cloud a new lining
in every storm a new calming
in every winter a new warming
in every hurt a new caring
in every frown a new smiling
in every silence a new calling
in every crime a new forgiving
in every sleep a new awakening
in every shunning a new welcoming
in every condemning a new redeeming
in every betrayal a new believing
in every coincidence a new meaning
in every being a new becoming
in every hiding a new revealing
in every end a new beginning
--> The poem appeared on mohansawhney.com
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Info :In Chinese philosophy, the concept of yin yang is used to describe how seemingly opposing forces are interconnected and interdependent in the natural world, giving rise to each other in turn. The concept lies at the heart of many branches of classical Chinese science and philosophy, as well as being a primary guideline of traditional Chinese medicine, and a central principle of several forms of martial arts and exercise, such as taijiquan, gung fu and qigong. Many natural dualities - e.g. dark and light, female and male, low and high - are cast in Chinese thought as yin yang.
The relationship between yin and yang is often described in terms of sunlight playing over a mountain and in the valley. Yin (literally the 'shady place' or 'north slope' ) is the dark area occluded by the mountain's bulk, while yang (literally the 'sunny place' or 'south slope' ) is the brightly lit portion. As the sun moves across the sky, yin and yang gradually trade places with each other, revealing what was obscured and obscuring what was revealed. Yin is usually characterized as slow, soft, insubstantial, diffuse, cold, wet, and tranquil. It is generally associated with the feminine, birth and generation, and with the night. Yang, by contrast, is characterized as hard, fast, solid, dry, focused, hot, and aggressive. It is associated with masculinity and daytime.
Yin and yang are complementary opposites within a greater whole. Everything has both yin and yang aspects, which constantly interact, never existing in absolute stasis. (Article's source: Wikipedia)
Championship Sunday is here for the tournament I am hosting. Twelve teams in six divisions will all vie for first place.
It is an incredible experience to run a tournament. Guideline #1: surround yourself with as many quality people as you can. I have an amazing crew and they have been incredible. Everything has gone smoothly and seemed effortlessly for almost 70 games in five days. Those people are awesome and I love them all.
Much peace, love, happiness and burst of yellow to them today and always.
The S-75 (NATO Reporting Name: SA-2 GUIDELINE) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defense system, built around a surface-to-air missile with command guidance. Since its first deployment in 1957 it became one of the most successful SAM systems in history. It scored the first destruction of an enemy aircraft by a SAM, shooting down a Taiwanese spy plane over China on 7 October 1959.
This system first gained international fame in the ‘1960 U-2 Incident’ when an S-75 battery shot down a U-2 Dragon Lady spy plane flown by Francis Gary Powers. The missile system was also used extensively by the North Vietnamese to defend the cities of Hanoi and Haiphong—where it became known as the “flying telephone pole” to American pilots.
In Soviet and North Vietnamese service, the GUIDELINE was typically carried on the PR-11B transporter-loader trailer, towed by a ZiL-131 tractor truck.
---
Designed as part of the BrickFair VA 2018 Vietnam Collab, alongside Peter Dornbi's awesome SM-90 erector-launcher & FAN SONG radar.
Free texture for your use and abuse. Guidelines are below. Enjoy.
Original: farm4.static.flickr.com/3245/2534544619_c7eee5cf0a_o_d.jpg
Rules
+ You may use these stock photos (those only marked as such) in any project: personal, commercial, profit, non-profit.
+ You are not required to link back to me, give me credit, shake my hand, walk my dog, bake me a cake, or do anything else aside from use the stock photographs. However, a link back and credit is appreciated. If you like to run around your house naked except for potholders, it would be cool if you would scream my name a few times.
+ You may NOT modify these and redistribute, even if not for profit.
+ You may use these in printed publications, graphics, artwork, etc without obtaining prior permission from me. If you are using any of the stock photos in a printed publication, flyer, etc, I would love to see a final version of how the photos were used.
Opinion
One frustration of mine is finding a great resource and then having your hands tied by some overly exhaustive guideline provided by the creating artist. Sometimes I believe that people get too carried away with the rules and restrictions they apply to their resources. I want to avoid that with my textures, which is why I am encouraging the outright abuse of these textures. Well, you get what I mean.
1. Registration Fee - a) To October 31, 1963 - 20 cents was the minimum fee providing up to $25 indemnity. b) From November 1, 1963 - 35 cents was the minimum fee providing up to $25 indemnity.
2. Special Delivery Fee - a) To October 31, 1963 - The special delivery fee was 10 cents. b) From November 1, 1963 - The special delivery fee was increased from 10 cents to 25 cents.
Special delivery is a service providing expedited delivery of mail. Special delivery is also sometimes called express mail, or as of today called Xpresspost. LINK to a newspaper article - Inauguration of Special Delivery Service (1 July 1898) - www.newspapers.com/clip/120335750/special-delivery-serice/
5 cents forward letter rate + 35 cents registration fee providing up to $25 indemnity. + 25 cents special delivery fee = 65 cents - LINK - postalhistorycorner.blogspot.com/2010/07/cameo-period-rat...
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JEDWAY was on the west coast of Moresby Island and had a two-fold existence. The first Jedway was established August 15, 1909 and closed May 31, 1931. In 1962 the town was re-opened as a mine site, and the post office existed from November 13, 1962 to June 1968, In many of the companies, the post office was located in the office and had limited hours. - this article was taken from - B.C. POST OFFICES Part 2: Queen Charlotte Islands - The Guideline, Journal of the VIPS, September 1984, page 3-5 - by Lester Small
In 1962 a major open-pit iron-ore mine began operations near Jedway. A large camp was established on the east side of Harriet Harbour, and a second Jedway post office opened. It closed in 1968 after the ore was depleted. All the buildings at the site were removed. This article was written by - Andrew Scott
The JEDWAY Post Office opened (first opening) - 15 August 1909 and closed - 31 May 1931 - (second opening) - 13 November 1962 - the Post Office permanently closed after business hours on - 28 June 1968. All mail addressed to Jedway, B.C. after the closing date was forwarded to Sandspit, B.C. for delivery.
LINK to a list of the Postmasters who worked at the JEDWAY Post Office (both openings) - recherche-collection-search.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/home/record...
Pioneer Miner Dies in Queen Charlotte Islands - PRINCE RUPERT, March 28, 1931 - The passing of Ike Thompson, who died at Jedway, Queen Charlotte Islands, removes a pioneer mining man and one who was widely known not only in Western Canada, but also In the Western States. Born in Hants County, Nova Scotia, 61 years ago, Mr. Thompson as a young man went to Colorado. There he engaged in mining and followed this industry in Idaho and Montana, subsequently moving to British Columbia in 1892. He was through the Atlin and Klondike rush and later located In Northern B.C. In recent years he served as mining recorder and postmaster at Jedway. The surviving members of the family are: Mrs. Thompson, a well-known pioneer In the B. C., Yukon and Alaska mining camps; one brother and two sisters in Alberta and one brother at the old home in Nova Scotia. LINK - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-obituary-for-ike-... and - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-obituary-for...
LINK to a newspaper article - Ike Thompson's house at Jedway - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-ike-thompsons-hou...
Ike Thompson
(b. February 1870 in Hant County, Nova Scotia - d. 6 March 1931 at age 61 in Jedway, British Columbia) - he was the Postmaster at Jedway, British Columbia from - 1 May 1917 until his death - 6 March 1931.
His wife - Sarah R. M. (nee ?) Thompson
(b. January 1872 in Ontario - d. 23 September 1932 at age 58 (60) in Prince Rupert, British Columbia) - LINK to her newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province/125093302/ and - www.newspapers.com/article/the-province/125093373/
- sent from - / JEDWAY / PM / 11 V / 64 / B.C. / - cds cancel (RF D).
- sent by registered Special Delivery - / R / JEDWAY, B.C. / No. (168) / - registered boxed marking in black ink.
- arrived at - / VANCOUVER / 8 / 13 V / 64 / B.C. / - cds arrival backstamp
- sent by - Mr. and Mrs. C. Flanagan / Jedway, Q. C. Is. / B.C.
Calvin James Michael Flanagan
His wife - Sharon Gail (nee Miller) Flanagan
Addressed to: Liquor Control Board of BC / 230 East Hastings Street / Vancouver, BC
Young immigrants show a hand-drawn map, with off the beaten paths and police checkpoints marked out, while sitting in front of a refugee shelter in Tapachula, Mexico. Between 2010 and 2015, the US and Mexico have apprehended almost 1 million illegal immigrants from El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. While the economic reasons remain the most frequent motivation for people from Central America to illegally immigrate to the US, thousands of Salvadorans, Guatemalans, and Hondurans, many of them minors, seek asylum in the US due to the thriving crime and gang-related violence in their region (known as the Northern Triangle). Taking an exhausting and risky journey, riding thousands of miles atop the cargo trains, facing a physical danger and extortion from the organized crime groups that control migrant routes, the “undocumented” still flee to the US, looking for their American dream. © Jan Sochor Photography
A new addition to the Coachpoint of Aldershot fleet is Scania K360EB6 / Irizar PB C52FT FA12ENG. The coach, new to Guideline of Battersea in 2012, is for a new venture being set up in Stoneleigh, Surrey. 'Epsom Explore' is about to launch a new coach tours operation and will be using this coach for their trips.
Seen in Woking in August 2020, FA12ENG kicked off its new career with some rail replacement work before it receives appropriate fleetnames.
Spring of 2018 the mural is gone, hidden forever behind a new condo development.
This lot on Gore Avenue at Pender Street will be the next condo to go up in Vancouver's Chinatown. It is on the east edge of the community.
The vultures are circling. To date most of the new development is around the perimeter but already 3 developments are eating at the heart of the community.
THE HERITAGE BATTLE FOR CHINATOWN
Historic Vancouver neighbourhood is being redeveloped, raising fears it will lose its character.
By JOHN MACKIE, VANCOUVER SUN November 15, 2014
The marketing line for the Keefer Block condo development in Chinatown is “Heritage Meets Modern.”
But just how much heritage will be left after a wave of modern developments washes over the historic district is a matter of debate.
A new proposal for the 700-block of Main Street would demolish the last three buildings from Hogan’s Alley, a once-notorious back lane that was the longtime home of Vancouver’s black community.
Another condo development at 231 Pender would replace a funky, Chinese-themed garage that is listed on Canada’s Register of Historic Places. Angelo Tosi’s family has owned their building at 624 Main since 1930. It may date back to 1895, and looks it — the fixtures and shelving are as old as the hills.
But Tosi is 82, and will probably sell when the price is right. He doesn’t expect his store to survive.
“It’ll be gobbled up by the monstrous buildings,” said Tosi. “And then they’ll take it all, and it’s finished. They won’t keep the heritage on the bottom, they’ll put down whatever they want.”
His fatalistic attitude reflects the changes in Chinatown, which is undergoing a development boom after zoning changes by the City of Vancouver.
The protected “historic” area of Chinatown is now Pender Street, while much of Main, Georgia and Keefer can now be redeveloped, with heights of up to 90 feet (nine storeys). A few sites can go even higher.
Two towers are going up at Keefer and Main — the nine-storey, 81-unit Keefer Block, and the 17-storey, 156-unit 188 Keefer. Up the street at 137 Keefer, a development permit application has just gone in for a new nine-storey “multi-family building.”
None of them has stirred up much controversy. But a recent public meeting about a 12-storey, 137-unit condo to be built on an empty lot at Keefer and Columbia got people riled up.
“There was a lot of angry people that night,” said Henry Yu, a UBC history professor who feels a “vision plan” the Chinatown community worked on with the city for several years is being ignored.
“The vision plan gets passed, (but it has) no teeth,” said Yu. “Actually (there is) no policy, it’s a wish list of ‘Oh, we’d like seniors housing, we’d like to do this, we’d like to do that.’
“Almost immediately, the two (highrise) buildings in the 600-, 700-block Main go up, and they’re just basically Yaletown condos. Not even Yaletown — Yaletown has more character.
“These are straight out of the glass tower (model), no (historic) character, obliterating everything in terms of tying it to the kind of streetscape of Chinatown. You’re going to split the historic two or three blocks of Chinatown with a Main Street corridor of these glass towers.”
Yu says Chinatown has historically been small buildings on 25-foot lots, which makes for a jumble of small stores that gives it a unique look and character. But the new developments are much wider, and just don’t look like Chinatown.
“The two 600-, 700-block buildings have a rain shield that’s an awning, a glass awning that runs the whole block,” said Yu. “That’s the design guideline for the city as a whole, but it was nothing to do with Chinatown, (which is) narrow frontages, changing awnings.
“We said that (to the city planners), we raised it and raised it, but the planners just shoved it down our throat.”
Kevin McNaney is Vancouver’s assistant director of planning. He said the city changed the zoning in parts of Chinatown to help revitalize the neighbourhood, which has been struggling.
“We have been taking a look across Chinatown,” said McNaney. “What we’re finding is that rents are dropping, and vacancies are rising. And that’s a big part of the strategy of adding more people to revitalize Chinatown.
“There are only 900 people currently living in Chinatown, many of them seniors. It’s just not the population base needed to support businesses, so a lot of the businesses are going under. Along Pender Street you see a lot of vacancies right now.
“So at the heart of this plan is to bring more people to revitalize Chinatown, and also use that development to support heritage projects, affordable housing projects and cultural projects.”
Henry Yu disagrees. “The idea that you need density in Chinatown itself, that you need your own captive customer base, is moronic,” he said.
“Where else in the city would you make that argument, that nobody can walk more than two blocks, that no one is going to come in here from somewhere else?
“They will. People go to the International Summer Market in Richmond in an empty gravel field. Ten thousand people at night come from everywhere in the Lower Mainland, because there’s something worth going to.
“The problem isn’t that you need a captive audience that has no other choice but to shop in Chinatown — that’s just stupid, there’s plenty of people in Strathcona. The problem is, is there something worth coming to (in Chinatown)? And that has to do with the character, what the mix is, what kind of commercial.”
Ironically, all the new construction comes just as Chinatown seems to be undergoing a bit of a renaissance. Several new businesses have popped up in old buildings, attracted by the area’s character and cheap rents.
The très-hip El Kartel fashion boutique recently moved into a 6,000 sq. ft space at 104 East Pender that used to house Cathay Importers. It’s on the main floor of the four-storey Chinese Benevolent Association Building, which was built in 1909.
Across the street at 147 East Pender is Livestock, a runner and apparel store that is so cool it doesn’t even have a sign. “We were in Gastown at the corner of Cordova and Abbott, (and) just felt a change was needed,” said store manager Chadley Abalos.
“We found the opportunity in Chinatown, so we decided to move here. We feel it’s one of the new spots that are booming. You see a lot of new businesses — restaurants, clothing stores, furniture. We see the potential in it growing.”
Russell Baker owns Bombast, a chic furniture store at 27 East Pender. But he is not new to the neighbourhood — Bombast has been there for 10 years.
“I think (Chinatown is) one of the most interesting parts of the city,” he said.
“It’s still got some variety, some texture, architecturally, socially, economically. A lot of what’s happened to the downtown peninsula (in recent years) constitutes erasure. This is one of the places that still sort of feels like … it feels more urban than some parts of downtown. I would say downtown is a vertical suburb.
“If you like cities, Chinatown feels like one. That’s why we’re here.”
Baker said he expected Chinatown to happen a lot sooner than it did. Retailers that do well there still tend to be destinations, rather than stores that rely on heavy street traffic. “The buzz is that Chinatown is happening, but it’s really strategic, what’s happening,” he said. “Fortune Sound Club, that’s a niche market that’s destination. That’s the kind of thing that works down here. We’re destination, Bao Bei (restaurant) is destination.”
The new businesses make for an interesting mix with the old ones. The 200 block East Georgia Street is hopping with hipster bars (the Pacific Hotel, Mamie Taylor’s) and art galleries (Access Gallery, 221A, Centre A). But it also retains classic Chinatown shops like the Fresh Egg Mart and Hang Loong Herbal Products.
The question is whether the small businesses will be displaced as the area gentrifies. Real estate values have soared — Soltera paid $6.5 million for the northwest corner of Keefer and Main in 2011, Beedie Holdings paid $16.2 million for two parcels of land at Columbia and Keefer in 2013.
That seems like a lot for a site that’s two blocks from the troubled Downtown Eastside, but Houtan Rafii of the Beedie Group said that’s what land costs in Vancouver.
“It is a significant, substantial amount of money, but compared to most every area in Vancouver, it’s not dissimilar, whether you’re in Gastown, downtown, Concord-Pacific, even on the boundaries of Strathcona or on Hastings close to Clark or Commercial,” said Rafii. “It’s not an obscene amount of money, it’s market.”
Rafii said the Beedie Group met with local groups for a year about its development, and was surprised at the reaction it got at the public meeting, which was held because Beedie is looking to rezone the site to add an additional three storeys.
Yu doesn’t have a problem with the Beedie proposal per se, but feels it’s on a key site in Chinatown, and should be developed accordingly.
“It’s not the building’s fault,” said Yu.
“People are going ‘What’s wrong with this glass tower, it’s working everywhere else, and Chinese people love buying this stuff if it’s UBC.’
“That’s not the point. There’s plenty of room around the city to build glass towers (that are) 40 storeys, 50 storeys, whatever. Why do they need to be in this spot?
“This one is right in the heart (of Chinatown). Across the street is the Sun Yat-sen (garden), the Chinese Cultural Centre. On the same street is the (Chinese workers) monument. Next door is the back alley of Pender.”
Yu said a recent study found there will be a need for 3,300 income-assisted senior housing beds in the Lower Mainland over the next 15 years. He said the Columbia and Keefer site would be perfect for a seniors project.
“There’s a particular kind of resonance to the idea this is a traditional place where a lot of Chinese seniors can retire to,” he said.
“There is a five-year waiting list for the Simon K.Y. Lee Success long-term care home, so there’s huge demand, huge need, this is a place where they want to go. (Building a seniors home) would actually would help revitalize (Chinatown), because seniors bring sons, daughters, grandsons and granddaughters into a community.
“That’s the Chinatown vision plan, that’s what’s in there, that’s what those discussions were about. And yet what we’ve got is 137 luxury condo units for hip youngsters. That’s the Beedie proposal, and that’s what the last two towers (on Main) were. It’s not just insulting, it’s the thwarting of the very promise (of the vision plan).”
Wu would like to see a moratorium on new developments in Chinatown “until design guidelines are actually built to create a zone that respects the (area’s special) character.”
Retired city planner Nathan Edelson agrees. Which is significant, because he worked on the Chinatown vision plan for over a decade.
“My suggestion is that there should be a moratorium on the rezonings, for sure, until they can get an assessment of what the current new development is,” said Edelson. “To what degree are they contributing to, or harming Chinatown, the historic character of Chinatown? And it’s not an obvious answer.”
jmackie@vancouversun.com
Read more: www.vancouversun.com/business/Battle+Chinatown/10384991/s...
I mostly wander down twisting tracks through tangled treelines, never sure what's next. But there's sure something compelling about a road that goes straight for a couple kilometers, muddy ascent or descent, depending how you're headed. From high on Ross Corner, to low in Chipman Brook, the ruts of Sarsfield Road take a straight shot that leaves my legs and back burning. Hard work to make it, but worth it, reminding gravity that's she's not a law, just a suggestion. Vague guideline that I find myself rejecting every day, dragging myself from bed to climb another mountain road in the woods. I stand shivering in a steady rain, squelching through the slippery slime of springtime wet and wild. The best mysteries are hiding furthest from the sun,
May 7, 2020
Chipman Brook, Nova Scotia
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FA62 ENG is a Scania K400EB6.Irizar PB Century new to Guideline, Battersea in May 2013. It acted as the England football team coach in its initial days amongst other corporate work.
t later passed to Harlequinn of Dunblane and is now operating for Shuttle buses of Kilwinning on Thorne Travel work.
A new addition to the Coachpoint of Aldershot fleet is Scania K360EB6 / Irizar PB C52FT FA12ENG. The coach, new to Guideline of Battersea in 2012, is for a new venture being set up in Stoneleigh, Surrey. 'Epsom Explore' is about to launch a new coach tours operation and will be using this coach for their trips.
Seen in Woking in August 2020, FA12ENG kicked off its new career with some rail replacement work before it receives appropriate fleetnames.
Manhattan, NYC Annual Rent Guideline Board Meeting Protest- Journalist Recording & Setting Up Shot, with protesters marching behind.
Due to industrial cooperation between Soviet design firms, The ZIL-131 6x6 has the same equipment under the hood as other famous Russian trucks like the GAZ-66 and Ural-375. With a production run that lasted until 2012, the ZiL-131 is still seen in service with armed forces all over the world.
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Designed as part of the BrickFair VA 2018 Vietnam Collab, alongside Peter Dornbi's awesome SM-90 erector-launcher & FAN SONG radar.
Along with thousands of other drivers and pedestrians I’ve been passing this 'bright and precarious sight' for a month or more and keep meaning to take a photo before they repair it.... but that doesn’t seem to be happening. The reason will undoubtedly be something to do with the coronavirus! Call me cynical but it does appear to me that most issues not being dealt with are said to be the fault of the coronavirus! Continuing my cynicism it could need a government issued guideline before any work can progress?
I’ve now had a thought that it could be an exhibition of a work of art. A Tracy Emin maybe?
IN ENGLISH BELOW THE LINE
Un missil anti-aeri sovietic, potser el més famós i prolific de tots ells, el S-75 Dvina, conegut a la OTAN com a SA-2 Guideline.
El Museu de l'Aviació Polonesa (Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie), a est de Cracovia compta amb una impressionant col·lecció d'avions i helicopters, tant polonesos com sobretot sovietics i uns quants d'occidentals. El lloc és un antic aeroport militar, de fet un dels més antics del món, fundat el 1912.. Val molt la pena per als aficionats a l'aviació.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Aviation_Museum
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A Soviet AA missile, the famous SA-2 Guideline, known locally as the S-75 Dvina.
The Polish Aviation Museum (Muzeum Lotnictwa Polskiego w Krakowie), east of Krakow, has an impressive collection of airplanes and helicopters, both Polish and mostly Soviet and a few Western ones. The place is a former military airport, in fact one of the oldest in the world, founded in 1912.. Well worth a visit for aviation fans.
To Flickr Guideline Enforcer: this is an artistic expression of a geometrical construction through human limbs with backdrop of social commentary. Both the psychological and aesthetic comparatives created this sharp contrast documentary photo.
To the rest: :-)
Not much going on rn. Doing a moc off with The Duke of Ghent and another one with Ben Dover but aside from that nothing else. Is there anything y’all wanna see from me? I use these as more of a guideline for what to build. Want more German? Maybe some French? Let me know! For those that are interested the picture is of my friend Josh and I at UTD. He has a 2011 rs and I have a 97 z28 so we’re camaro bros:) pretty sure I’m the reason he got one, I basically drove us around in my car all the time. This pic is from my birthday that was on October 27th.
I Am Learning Something
I think I am. First though on seeing this one I thought,missed focus again,it's a throw away. What didn't do is stop, look,assess.Becauser last nite I did stop and llok again. And felt and perceived differently. First I liked it, a fair bit.Second,the focus rule is too rigid with me. Focus shouldn't be a rigid rule,but rather guideline that can be bypassed if necessary. The simple but profound thing I came to was this: it doesn't matter if the picture is in focus or not or thre lines conforming to some larger group standard...rather what should matter above that is whether a photo moves me or not. if it does focus or no focus is inconsequential. And I don't also need to know 'why' a photo,mine or someone else's,moves me. That doesn't matter as a matter that somehow needs to be broken down. What matters more is if the photo speaks to me,moves me...the 'why' is already there ready to be unpacked if the being moved is present. I don't have to ask why I like strawberry ice cream and why I also don't and never have liked chocolate ice cream; i like one,dislike the other,that;s simply the way it is.
End of story. With photos,art,life,there's much more involved than ice cream. Because we are through doing and through being exposed to the doing of others,tapping,hopefully,into who and what we are really like inside our heart...not our head. There's a difference,the two are not the same. The head is not the real us,I feel sorry for poeople who actually believe that. There is more to us than just being a 'processor',which is what the head is. There is something differerent going on inside,the heart,our spirit,the place of our real,true identity,the place of feeling,of will, a place of depth,very very different from intellect. Art to me seems impossibly connected to that place,and without that being involved in artistic process,art can't happen for a person. It's thru the real us inside that art is not only an external occurrence like a photo,but also an internal one. If it's working right then I should feel something inside to accompany what's going on outside. What's the good of a photo,and say it's mine,and it has one one million views here,and is world famous...but I feel nothing about it? There is no good at all,not most importantly for me. I believe no matter how good or not so good of an artist one may be perceived as, the important thing is one must learn to feel in their art. Where ever that leads to isn't to be worried about,what's important is that above everybody else in the world you must learn to be moved by your art...and your life. Because it's really about more than art,isn't your life more than just art as wondereful as art is? Yes,so much more. Life is about you,that you become free,free in a multitude of ways,but free. And freedom isn't first external,it is truly and always has been first internal. I won't preach here but I have mentioned before my belief in God. I belief the release of a human being to be free inwardly and thus truly free before any external circumstace'is inextricably tied to God. Some people are wonderful,amazing artists,musicians,but they aren't necessarily well adjusted outside their art.This isn't freedom. Freedom extends naturally into all facets of life simply because the person inside who is being freed is present in all of life,not just art
Books are the legacies that a great genius leaves to mankind, which are delivered from generation to generation, as presents to the postrity of those who are yet unborn.
-------------- Joseph Addison
(The American Theosophist - April 1971 - p. 88)
A Haiku Note:
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Some Buddhism books
check Amazon for reviews
then the library
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Buddhism has no creator god and gives a central role to the doctrine of karma. The ‘four noble truths’ of Buddhism state that all existence is suffering, that the cause of suffering is desire, that freedom from suffering is nirvana, and that this is attained through the ‘eightfold’ path of ethical conduct, wisdom, and mental discipline (including meditation). There are two major traditions, Theravada and Mahayana.
(Apple Dictionary App)
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The Noble Eightfold Path describes the way to the end of suffering, as it was laid out by Siddhartha Gautama. It is a practical guideline to ethical and mental development with the goal of freeing the individual from attachments and delusions; and it finally leads to understanding the truth about all things. Together with the Four Noble Truths it constitutes the gist of Buddhism. Great emphasis is put on the practical aspect, because it is only through practice that one can attain a higher level of existence and finally reach Nirvana. The eight aspects of the path are not to be understood as a sequence of single steps, instead they are highly interdependent principles that have to be seen in relationship with each other.
1. Right View
Right view is the beginning and the end of the path, it simply means to see and to understand things as they really are and to realise the Four Noble Truths. As such, right view is the cognitive aspect of wisdom. It means to see things through, to grasp the impermanent and imperfect nature of worldly objects and ideas, and to understand the law of karma and karmic conditioning. Right view is not necessarily an intellectual capacity, just as wisdom is not just a matter of intelligence. Instead, right view is attained, sustained, and enhanced through all capacities of mind. It begins with the intuitive insight that all beings are subject to suffering and it ends with complete understanding of the true nature of all things. Since our view of the world forms our thoughts and our actions, right view yields right thoughts and right actions.
2. Right Intention
While right view refers to the cognitive aspect of wisdom, right intention refers to the volitional aspect, i.e. the kind of mental energy that controls our actions. Right intention can be described best as commitment to ethical and mental self-improvement. Buddha distinguishes three types of right intentions: 1. the intention of renunciation, which means resistance to the pull of desire, 2. the intention of good will, meaning resistance to feelings of anger and aversion, and 3. the intention of harmlessness, meaning not to think or act cruelly, violently, or aggressively, and to develop compassion.
3. Right Speech
Right speech is the first principle of ethical conduct in the eightfold path. Ethical conduct is viewed as a guideline to moral discipline, which supports the other principles of the path. This aspect is not self-sufficient, however, essential, because mental purification can only be achieved through the cultivation of ethical conduct. The importance of speech in the context of Buddhist ethics is obvious: words can break or save lives, make enemies or friends, start war or create peace. Buddha explained right speech as follows: 1. to abstain from false speech, especially not to tell deliberate lies and not to speak deceitfully, 2. to abstain from slanderous speech and not to use words maliciously against others, 3. to abstain from harsh words that offend or hurt others, and 4. to abstain from idle chatter that lacks purpose or depth. Positively phrased, this means to tell the truth, to speak friendly, warm, and gently and to talk only when necessary.
4. Right Action
The second ethical principle, right action, involves the body as natural means of expression, as it refers to deeds that involve bodily actions. Unwholesome actions lead to unsound states of mind, while wholesome actions lead to sound states of mind. Again, the principle is explained in terms of abstinence: right action means 1. to abstain from harming sentient beings, especially to abstain from taking life (including suicide) and doing harm intentionally or delinquently, 2. to abstain from taking what is not given, which includes stealing, robbery, fraud, deceitfulness, and dishonesty, and 3. to abstain from sexual misconduct. Positively formulated, right action means to act kindly and compassionately, to be honest, to respect the belongings of others, and to keep sexual relationships harmless to others. Further details regarding the concrete meaning of right action can be found in the Precepts.
5. Right Livelihood
Right livelihood means that one should earn one's living in a righteous way and that wealth should be gained legally and peacefully. The Buddha mentions four specific activities that harm other beings and that one should avoid for this reason: 1. dealing in weapons, 2. dealing in living beings (including raising animals for slaughter as well as slave trade and prostitution), 3. working in meat production and butchery, and 4. selling intoxicants and poisons, such as alcohol and drugs. Furthermore any other occupation that would violate the principles of right speech and right action should be avoided.
6. Right Effort
Right effort can be seen as a prerequisite for the other principles of the path. Without effort, which is in itself an act of will, nothing can be achieved, whereas misguided effort distracts the mind from its task, and confusion will be the consequence. Mental energy is the force behind right effort; it can occur in either wholesome or unwholesome states. The same type of energy that fuels desire, envy, aggression, and violence can on the other side fuel self-discipline, honesty, benevolence, and kindness. Right effort is detailed in four types of endeavours that rank in ascending order of perfection: 1. to prevent the arising of unarisen unwholesome states, 2. to abandon unwholesome states that have already arisen, 3. to arouse wholesome states that have not yet arisen, and 4. to maintain and perfect wholesome states already arisen.
7. Right Mindfulness
Right mindfulness is the controlled and perfected faculty of cognition. It is the mental ability to see things as they are, with clear consciousness. Usually, the cognitive process begins with an impression induced by perception, or by a thought, but then it does not stay with the mere impression. Instead, we almost always conceptualise sense impressions and thoughts immediately. We interpret them and set them in relation to other thoughts and experiences, which naturally go beyond the facticity of the original impression. The mind then posits concepts, joins concepts into constructs, and weaves those constructs into complex interpretative schemes. All this happens only half consciously, and as a result we often see things obscured. Right mindfulness is anchored in clear perception and it penetrates impressions without getting carried away. Right mindfulness enables us to be aware of the process of conceptualisation in a way that we actively observe and control the way our thoughts go. Buddha accounted for this as the four foundations of mindfulness: 1. contemplation of the body, 2. contemplation of feeling (repulsive, attractive, or neutral), 3. contemplation of the state of mind, and 4. contemplation of the phenomena.
8. Right Concentration
The eighth principle of the path, right concentration, refers to the development of a mental force that occurs in natural consciousness, although at a relatively low level of intensity, namely concentration. Concentration in this context is described as one-pointedness of mind, meaning a state where all mental faculties are unified and directed onto one particular object. Right concentration for the purpose of the eightfold path means wholesome concentration, i.e. concentration on wholesome thoughts and actions. The Buddhist method of choice to develop right concentration is through the practice of meditation. The meditating mind focuses on a selected object. It first directs itself onto it, then sustains concentration, and finally intensifies concentration step by step. Through this practice it becomes natural to apply elevated levels of concentration also in everyday situations.