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Spent the day at Kiama with Teresa. First stop was the "boneyard". which is an old rock quarry, and we had a blast the tide was coming in and unlike Jervis Bay where the ocean is calm and flat most of the time, this place was rocking on the incoming tide the waves were jaw dropping massive and slammed the coastline and over the top of the rocks .. I guess you had to be there to experience the full impact of it all and scale of them. anyways we couldn't drag ourselves away and spent a good part of the day here.
Geology
Millions of years ago volcanism formed basaltic lava flows in the region, these flows played a significant role in shaping Australia’s southern coastline. Today the Bombo Headland is one of the most significant geological sites in New South Wales, its rock type and its formation features have technical significance to international scientists as it was formed when north and south magnetic poles were reversed. The headland consists of two rock types of the Gerringong volcanics, the Kiama Sandstone rock and the Bombo Latite rock, which were deposited about 260 million years ago during the early Permian period. Around 60 to 25 million years ago further volcanic activity created another layer of Basalt (Bombo Latite), which is overlayed on the headland. The later volcanic activity intruded the Bombo Latite in the form of dykes. The Kiama Sandstone rock has formed a narrow platform adjacent to the vertical cliff faces around the south-eastern extremity of the headland.
Basalt in the Headland
Basalt is a dark-coloured, fine-grained, igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene minerals. It is most commonly formed as an extrusive rock, such as a lava flow, but can also form in small intrusive bodies, such as an igneous dyke or a thin sill. Within the headland there are examples of extrusive and intrusive formations due to the overlaying over various volcanic activity, if people know what they are looking for up to 5 dykes can be found while exploring the quarry. The main feature of the headland is the spectacular columnar jointing which is caused during the cooling of the thick basalt lava flows. The lava contracts as it cools, forming fractures/cracks, once a crack develops it continues to grow resulting in what you see in front of you. These columns and jointing are evident throughout the quarry with the isolated columns adjacent the ocean up to five metres in height. Much of the columns were left standing when the quarry was excavated to keep the sea out of the quarry. At the northern end of the wall cross sections of the columns result in a 'Giants Causeway' appearance.
Volcanic Breccia
To the untrained, volcanic breccia can often be mistaken as sedimentary conglomerate, the main difference being the type of rock and how they look. Conglomerate is composed of rounded fragments of pre-existing rocks while volcanic breccia is formed by the explosive volcanic eruptions trapping wall material in magma which results in fragmented rocks being entrapped in the flows. Lava may also pick up rock fragments, especially if flowing over rubble on the flanks of a volcano and this can also form volcanic breccia.
Volcanic Dykes
A dyke is an igneous intrusion formed when magma cools and solidifies before it reaches the surface. The magma pushes up towards the surface through cracks in the rock. Dykes form vertical or steeply in the rock and the dyke is always younger than the rocks which surround it. Dykes are usually visible because they are at a different angle and usually have different colour and texture to that of the rock surrounding them.
Kiama Sandstone
Seeing sandstone along the the eastern seaboard of Australia isn’t uncommon, however its surprising to see this unique feature of sandstone layered into a basalt headland. Geological history tells us that sandstone is prevalent to the region but in an area known for is volcanic activity it’s rare to see the two rock types together. The headland offers a great example of the two rocks as much of the sandstone in the area is normally below sea level except for a small narrow wave-cut platform visible from the quarry. A mixture of lava (basalt) and sediment like this is called peperite.
Mining the Basalt
In 1880 James Holt received a parcel of crown land in the Bombo area, soon afterwards the Bombo Headland Quarry commenced operation for the quarrying of blue metal. By 1883 a jetty was erected north of the headland. Steam crushing machines and equipment were installed and rail services were extended from Sydney to Kiama, including a spur into the quarry. The quarry and its transport ship SS Dunmore were operated by NSW Associated Blue Metal Quarries Ltd. The transportation of basalt to Sydney became known as the ‘Blue Diamond Trade’ and the dozens of small vessels carrying the blue metal became known as the ‘Stone Fleet’. Railways in the area in the late 19th Century reduced the reliance on shipping for transporting the blue metal and provided a more effective means of transportation. In 1930 the quarry closed for five years during the depression, by 1935 the quarry reopened and electric crushers and machines were installed. However in 1940 NSW Railways ceased quarrying at Bombo Headland and moved operations to the quarry on the western side of the railway line which is still operational today. Regrettably none of the mining history remains on site, the old tramway, jetty and crushers have all gone.
Postojna Cave is a 20,570 m long Karst cave system near Postojna, Slovenia. It is the longest cave system in the country as well as one of its top tourism sites. The caves were created by the Pivka River.
The cave was first described in the 17th century by Johann Weichard Valvasor, and a new area of the cave was discovered accidentally in 1818 by local Luka Čeč, when he was preparing the hitherto known parts of the cave for a visit by Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria. In 1819, the caves were opened to the public, and Čeč went on to become the first official tourist guide for the caves. Electric lighting was added in 1884, preceding even Ljubljana, the capital of Carniola, the Austro-Hungarian province the cave was part of at the time, and further enhancing the cave system's popularity. In 1872 rails were laid in the cave along with first cave train for tourists. At first, these were pushed along by the guides themselves, later at the beginning of the 20th century a gas locomotive was introduced. After 1945, the gas locomotive was replaced by an electric one. 5.3 km of the caves are open to the public, the longest publicly accessible depth of any cave system in the world.
A geological formation in Timna Park, Arava Region.
Photo taken by Dafna Tal for the Israeli Ministry of Tourism. Credit attribution requested to the photographer and to the Ministry of Tourism
Close up the exterior surface of Uluru is hard and scaly (see also Uluru-Kata Tjuta_img 0087, 0089, 0092, and 0115). Depending on the time of day and the weather conditions its colour varies from red to orange to yellow with patches of grey. This image was captured near the beginning of the Marla Walk along the northwest side of the Rock.
According to local Aborigines, the holes in the rock were made in the Dreamtime by the marsupial mole ancestor during its travels across the land.
© Irwin Reynolds, all rights reserved. If you are interested in using one of my images or would like a high quality fine art print, please send an email to irwinreynolds@me.com.
*Copyright © 2012 Lélia Valduga, all rights reserved.
The Andes (Quechua language: Anti (s)) is a vast mountain chain formed by a continuous system of mountains along the western coast of South America, and the same geological formation dating from the Tertiary period. The mountain range has approximately 8000 km long. It is the largest mountain in the world (in length), and its wider reach stretches 160 km from east to west end. Its average altitude is around 4000 me its peak is the peak of Aconcagua with 6962 m of altitude.
The Andes extending from Venezuela to Patagonia, crossing the entire South American continent, featuring the landscape of Chile, Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Colombia, also known as the Andean countries.
In the territories of Colombia and Venezuela, the Andes branches and extends almost to reach the Caribbean Sea. In its southern part serves as a long natural border between Chile and Argentina. In the central Andes flare giving rise to a high plateau known as the Altiplano, shared by Peru, Bolivia and Chile. The mountains around the narrow northern Peru and in Colombia widens again to tighten up and divided to enter Venezuela.
This photo was taken in one of the amazing caves in Merapoh, Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia.
Merapoh has many wonderful caves that have wonderful natural formations.
Thank you for visit, like, fav, following and comments
I would be very pleased to receive your comments.
Feel free to click on the below link to know more about me
Kamloops is volcano country, or, to be more accurate, it is ancient volcano country. Volcanic rocks that are about 200 million year old. Formed during the last several million years and that may erupt again.
(1 in a multiple picture album)
This was taken at the bottom of the Angel's Landing formation. It is a cropping from a large picture of the cliff wall. I was fascinated by the shape of some of the elements. At the right is a triangular boulder that almost looks like a golden gem.
I have gone to Moes rock more times than I have had hot dinners and hiked from one end to the other but I have never noticed this rock but it is pretty cool. I am not sure if it is limestone, sandstone or volcanic though
Geology
Millions of years ago volcanism formed basaltic lava flows in the region, these flows played a significant role in shaping Australia’s southern coastline. Today the Bombo Headland is one of the most significant geological sites in New South Wales, its rock type and its formation features have technical significance to international scientists as it was formed when north and south magnetic poles were reversed. The headland consists of two rock types of the Gerringong volcanics, the Kiama Sandstone rock and the Bombo Latite rock, which were deposited about 260 million years ago during the early Permian period. Around 60 to 25 million years ago further volcanic activity created another layer of Basalt (Bombo Latite), which is overlayed on the headland. The later volcanic activity intruded the Bombo Latite in the form of dykes. The Kiama Sandstone rock has formed a narrow platform adjacent to the vertical cliff faces around the south-eastern extremity of the headland.
Basalt in the Headland
Basalt is a dark-coloured, fine-grained, igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene minerals. It is most commonly formed as an extrusive rock, such as a lava flow, but can also form in small intrusive bodies, such as an igneous dyke or a thin sill. Within the headland there are examples of extrusive and intrusive formations due to the overlaying over various volcanic activity, if people know what they are looking for up to 5 dykes can be found while exploring the quarry. The main feature of the headland is the spectacular columnar jointing which is caused during the cooling of the thick basalt lava flows. The lava contracts as it cools, forming fractures/cracks, once a crack develops it continues to grow resulting in what you see in front of you. These columns and jointing are evident throughout the quarry with the isolated columns adjacent the ocean up to five metres in height. Much of the columns were left standing when the quarry was excavated to keep the sea out of the quarry. At the northern end of the wall cross sections of the columns result in a 'Giants Causeway' appearance.
Volcanic Breccia
To the untrained, volcanic breccia can often be mistaken as sedimentary conglomerate, the main difference being the type of rock and how they look. Conglomerate is composed of rounded fragments of pre-existing rocks while volcanic breccia is formed by the explosive volcanic eruptions trapping wall material in magma which results in fragmented rocks being entrapped in the flows. Lava may also pick up rock fragments, especially if flowing over rubble on the flanks of a volcano and this can also form volcanic breccia.
Volcanic Dykes
A dyke is an igneous intrusion formed when magma cools and solidifies before it reaches the surface. The magma pushes up towards the surface through cracks in the rock. Dykes form vertical or steeply in the rock and the dyke is always younger than the rocks which surround it. Dykes are usually visible because they are at a different angle and usually have different colour and texture to that of the rock surrounding them.
Kiama Sandstone
Seeing sandstone along the the eastern seaboard of Australia isn’t uncommon, however its surprising to see this unique feature of sandstone layered into a basalt headland. Geological history tells us that sandstone is prevalent to the region but in an area known for is volcanic activity it’s rare to see the two rock types together. The headland offers a great example of the two rocks as much of the sandstone in the area is normally below sea level except for a small narrow wave-cut platform visible from the quarry. A mixture of lava (basalt) and sediment like this is called peperite.
Mining the Basalt
In 1880 James Holt received a parcel of crown land in the Bombo area, soon afterwards the Bombo Headland Quarry commenced operation for the quarrying of blue metal. By 1883 a jetty was erected north of the headland. Steam crushing machines and equipment were installed and rail services were extended from Sydney to Kiama, including a spur into the quarry. The quarry and its transport ship SS Dunmore were operated by NSW Associated Blue Metal Quarries Ltd. The transportation of basalt to Sydney became known as the ‘Blue Diamond Trade’ and the dozens of small vessels carrying the blue metal became known as the ‘Stone Fleet’. Railways in the area in the late 19th Century reduced the reliance on shipping for transporting the blue metal and provided a more effective means of transportation. In 1930 the quarry closed for five years during the depression, by 1935 the quarry reopened and electric crushers and machines were installed. However in 1940 NSW Railways ceased quarrying at Bombo Headland and moved operations to the quarry on the western side of the railway line which is still operational today. Regrettably none of the mining history remains on site, the old tramway, jetty and crushers have all gone.
Cuenca es única, tal y como reza el eslogan de su promoción turística, y está dotada con un encanto especial debido a su privilegiada situación entre las hoces del Júcar y del Huécar, y que ha hecho de ella a lo largo de su historia una ciudad rebelde por excelencia.
Gracias a los restos arqueológicos encontrados, se sabe que los pobladores más antiguos de Cuenca, ya habitaban la zona en la época del Neolítico. Además, importantes historiadores romanos, como Plinio o Ptolomeo, dos siglos antes de Cristo, ya hablaban de sus habitantes, destacando de ellos su crueldad en el campo de batalla y su hospitalidad en sus casos. De hecho, nos aportan un dato muy curioso que cuenta que tenían la extraña costumbre de bañarse y lavarse la cara con orines, siendo esta su forma habitual de asearse.
Pero realmente la historia de la ciudad como tal, empieza con el asentamiento de los árabes que construyen la fortaleza de Qunka, la cual fue más tarde reconquistada en 1.177 por Alfonso VII, y convirtiéndola así en ciudad cristiana. A partir de aquí, la ciudad se ve envuelta en innumerables rebeliones a lo largo de su historia, empezando por la de los comuneros contra la política fiscal del Emperador Carlos V, en 1847 contra los carlistas, aunque de poco les sirvió ya que fueron derrotados o incluso durante la dictadura franquista, que fue morada para el famoso maqui llamado El Fortuna.
En la actualidad, es una ciudad pequeña muy agradable para pasear, para ser visitada o para salir de fiesta, ya que hay bastante ambiente nocturno. Y desde luego, hay ciertos lugares y monumentos que no podemos dejar de visitar en Cuenca, ciudad declarada por la UNESCO Patrimonio de la Humanidad, en 1996.
Situated at the end of the Mala Walk, Kantju Gorge has a reasonably reliable (though not permanent) waterhole. Its moist, sheltered environment enables vegetation and wildlife to flourish.
Uluru’s hard, flaky surface can be clearly seen on the sheer vertical wall.
© Irwin Reynolds, all rights reserved. If you are interested in using one of my images or would like a high quality fine art print, please send an email to irwinreynolds@me.com.
This photo was taken in one of the amazing caves in Merapoh, Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia.
Merapoh has many wonderful caves that have wonderful natural formations.
Thank you for visit, like, fav, following and comments
I would be very pleased to receive your comments.
Feel free to click on the below link to know more about me
Painted Hills State Park at John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Mitchell, Oregon. Wheeler County.
It is amazing how minerals and volcanic ashes that were deposited 33 million years ago here have reacted with the elements over time, producing some amazing colors on the ground! Yes, I have double checked, what you are seeing in your screen is accurate depiction of the colors on the hills! Quite Amazing!
I am surprised that how little this place is known and how little it is promoted by State of Oregon! Utah has the Arches on their car license plates as background, Australia advertise their Red Rock all over the place, in that sense, this place is virtually unknown!!!
It is a very serene, absolutely quiet and pretty place, naturally colored hills are surrounded by high country desert and mountains. It's hard to believe the colors and that they occurred naturally! Really something to behold! On a funny note, this place could be an ad for Valspur Paint or Home Depot! Haha!
Serenity of this place isn’t broken even in the height of the summer tourist season. This place is virtually unknown. There are no people in the vicinity, one or two sporadic visitors. The weather is really nice here, cool and dry, no humidity and thus no sweat! Hikes here are really easy as the hills are not too steep. The wraparound view is pleasing to the eyes, one can see far and wide and doesn't feel all blocked and covered by giant trees as there are few trees here. It’s an arid area and so is the climate! And the really pleasing quietness, so nice that I didn't feel like interrupting the quietness with the sound of my own breath! Yes, really! It is that calm and quiet! Had I known a bit earlier, I would have come prepared and camped two or three nights here. It's a great place for camping and hiking. Entry is free and abundant places to camp along the road. There is also a Park Ranger Station and Rest Room Facilities near the entrance. This is the drier part of Oregon, on the east side of the Cascades Mountain Range. It is high country desert and Rattlesnake country! So be careful and watch your step! I will definitely come back here, as many times as possible, although currently I am in the East Coast.
For a day trip, you are more comfy and convenient by staying in a larger town, which would be Bend, OR, about 75 miles away from Painted Hills. Mitchell, OR, is the closest town/village (pop. about 140), 9 miles away. Mitchell has 2 motels, very basic but exudes with charm and down home hospitality. They have internet and Satellite TV. But there is NO cell phone reception/signal in this area, so bring along a real GPS!!! Your cell phone's cell tower triangulated GPS service won't work here. Two stores of Mitchell close early (country/village/small town hours) and so does the only Gas station. Get your gas tank of your vehicle filled before you venture in. If you, however, make the effort to come here and visit, trust me, it will be worthwhile and something that you will cherish forever.
Geology
Millions of years ago volcanism formed basaltic lava flows in the region, these flows played a significant role in shaping Australia’s southern coastline. Today the Bombo Headland is one of the most significant geological sites in New South Wales, its rock type and its formation features have technical significance to international scientists as it was formed when north and south magnetic poles were reversed. The headland consists of two rock types of the Gerringong volcanics, the Kiama Sandstone rock and the Bombo Latite rock, which were deposited about 260 million years ago during the early Permian period. Around 60 to 25 million years ago further volcanic activity created another layer of Basalt (Bombo Latite), which is overlayed on the headland. The later volcanic activity intruded the Bombo Latite in the form of dykes. The Kiama Sandstone rock has formed a narrow platform adjacent to the vertical cliff faces around the south-eastern extremity of the headland.
Basalt in the Headland
Basalt is a dark-coloured, fine-grained, igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene minerals. It is most commonly formed as an extrusive rock, such as a lava flow, but can also form in small intrusive bodies, such as an igneous dyke or a thin sill. Within the headland there are examples of extrusive and intrusive formations due to the overlaying over various volcanic activity, if people know what they are looking for up to 5 dykes can be found while exploring the quarry. The main feature of the headland is the spectacular columnar jointing which is caused during the cooling of the thick basalt lava flows. The lava contracts as it cools, forming fractures/cracks, once a crack develops it continues to grow resulting in what you see in front of you. These columns and jointing are evident throughout the quarry with the isolated columns adjacent the ocean up to five metres in height. Much of the columns were left standing when the quarry was excavated to keep the sea out of the quarry. At the northern end of the wall cross sections of the columns result in a 'Giants Causeway' appearance.
Volcanic Breccia
To the untrained, volcanic breccia can often be mistaken as sedimentary conglomerate, the main difference being the type of rock and how they look. Conglomerate is composed of rounded fragments of pre-existing rocks while volcanic breccia is formed by the explosive volcanic eruptions trapping wall material in magma which results in fragmented rocks being entrapped in the flows. Lava may also pick up rock fragments, especially if flowing over rubble on the flanks of a volcano and this can also form volcanic breccia.
Volcanic Dykes
A dyke is an igneous intrusion formed when magma cools and solidifies before it reaches the surface. The magma pushes up towards the surface through cracks in the rock. Dykes form vertical or steeply in the rock and the dyke is always younger than the rocks which surround it. Dykes are usually visible because they are at a different angle and usually have different colour and texture to that of the rock surrounding them.
Kiama Sandstone
Seeing sandstone along the the eastern seaboard of Australia isn’t uncommon, however its surprising to see this unique feature of sandstone layered into a basalt headland. Geological history tells us that sandstone is prevalent to the region but in an area known for is volcanic activity it’s rare to see the two rock types together. The headland offers a great example of the two rocks as much of the sandstone in the area is normally below sea level except for a small narrow wave-cut platform visible from the quarry. A mixture of lava (basalt) and sediment like this is called peperite.
Mining the Basalt
In 1880 James Holt received a parcel of crown land in the Bombo area, soon afterwards the Bombo Headland Quarry commenced operation for the quarrying of blue metal. By 1883 a jetty was erected north of the headland. Steam crushing machines and equipment were installed and rail services were extended from Sydney to Kiama, including a spur into the quarry. The quarry and its transport ship SS Dunmore were operated by NSW Associated Blue Metal Quarries Ltd. The transportation of basalt to Sydney became known as the ‘Blue Diamond Trade’ and the dozens of small vessels carrying the blue metal became known as the ‘Stone Fleet’. Railways in the area in the late 19th Century reduced the reliance on shipping for transporting the blue metal and provided a more effective means of transportation. In 1930 the quarry closed for five years during the depression, by 1935 the quarry reopened and electric crushers and machines were installed. However in 1940 NSW Railways ceased quarrying at Bombo Headland and moved operations to the quarry on the western side of the railway line which is still operational today. Regrettably none of the mining history remains on site, the old tramway, jetty and crushers have all gone.
El monasterio fue fundado por Gombau de Besora, señor entre otras tierras del castillo de Montbui en Caldas. En 997, Gombau compró las tierras a Ramón Borrell. Se desconoce la fecha exacta de la fundación del monasterio pero en 1006 ya estaba instalada una comunidad de frailes, siendo su primer abad Guillemund.
Tanto los condes de Barcelona como el propio Gombau dotaron al monasterio de importantes bienes. En 1042, Gombau unió, en calidad de priorato, el monasterio catalán con el de San Víctor de Marsella con el fin de garantizar la continuidad del cenobio después de su muerte.
La comunidad residente en San Miguel fue siempre pequeña, entre cinco y seis monjes. Entró en declive a partir del siglo XIV cuando la comunidad quedó reducida a tres monjes. La vida religiosa en el cenobio finalizó en 1567 cuando se convirtió en una dependencia de la diócesis de Gerona quien se encargó de mantener el culto en el recinto mediante sacerdotes beneficiados. El antiguo monasterio se fue transformando en un santuario al que acudían los vecinos de las localidades cercanas. Tras la desamortización quedó en manos de particulares. Las actividades religiosas se mantuvieron hasta 1936.
A pesar de ser un monasterio de pequeñas dimensiones contó con importantes donaciones. En el Museo Diocesano de Barcelona se conserva una cruz románica de plata repujada, obra única de la orfebrería románica, procedente de San Miguel. En el museo se encuentran también lápidas, sarcófagos y otros artículos de menaje que demuestran la riqueza que un día tuvo este cenobio.
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The monastery is located in a well-preserved natural environment framed by rocky cliffs called Cingles de Bertí in the Catalan pre-coastal mountain range which geographically separates the region of Vallès Oriental in the subregion of Moianès. The Natural Area Sant Miquel del Fai is located in the municipality of Bigues i Riells.
The church has a Romanesque doorway formed by a semicircular arch. A pair of columns are topped with capitals decorated with plant motifs. Only a few traces remain of the high altar. It has a small crypt which is accessed via a staircase located near the entrance. On the floor of the church, the headstones of the old abbots are visible. In side chapels, there are two graves. One, dating to the 13th century, is believed to correspond to Guillem, Earl Osona and brother of Ramon Berenguer I, who, after waiving his rights, was a monk of Sant Miquel. The other tomb may be that of Andreu Arbizu, a monk from Navarre, who provided goods to the monastery. The old priory house style is Gothic and dates to the 15th century. For many years, it has served as a hostel, but retains its original layout.
Another look at the Chocolate Hills in Carmen, Bohol. During the dry season, the grass-covered hills dry up and turn chocolate brown, like the one in the immediate foreground. This transforms the area into seemingly endless rows of "chocolate kisses". This branded confection (from Hersheys) is the inspiration behind the name, Chocolate Hills.(Bohol- Tagbilaran, Philippines, May 2013)
El monasterio de San Juan de la Peña fue el monasterio más importante de Aragón en la alta Edad Media. En su Panteón Real fueron enterrados un buen número de reyes de Aragón. Forma parte del camino aragonés del Camino de Santiago. Su enclave es extremadamente singular.
Cuenta la leyenda, que un joven noble de nombre Voto (en algunas versiones, Oto), vino de caza por estos parajes cuando avistó un ciervo. El cazador corrió tras la presa, pero ésta era huidiza y al llegar al monte Pano, se despeñó por el precipicio. Milagrosamente su caballo se posó en tierra suavemente. Sano y salvo en el fondo del barranco, vio una pequeña cueva en la que descubrió una ermita dedicada a San Juan Bautista y, en el interior, halló el cadáver de un ermitaño llamado Juan de Atarés. Impresionado por el descubrimiento, fue a Zaragoza, vendió todos sus bienes y junto a su hermano Félix se retiró a la cueva, e iniciaron una vida eremítica.
Se habitan estas montañas poco después de la invasión musulmana, al construir el castillo de Pano, destruido en el año 734. El origen legendario del Reino de Aragón también encuentra en el monasterio cueva de San Juan de la Peña su propia historia, cuando reunidos los guerreros cristianos junto a Voto y Félix deciden por aclamación nombrar a Garcí Ximénez su caudillo que les conducirá a la batalla por reconquistar tierras de Jaca y Aínsa, lugar éste donde se produjo el milagro de la cruz de fuego sobre la carrasca del Sobrarbe.
Reinando en Pamplona García Íñiguez y Galindo Aznarez I, conde de Aragón, comienzan a favorecer al Monasterio. El rey García Sánchez I concedió a los monjes derecho de jurisdicción, y sus sucesores hasta Sancho el Mayor, continuaron esta política de protección. Allí pasó sus primeros años San Íñigo. En el reinado de Sancho Ramírez de Aragón adquiere su mayor protagonismo llegando a ser panteón de los reyes de Aragón.
Fueron devastadores los incendios de 1494 y 1675. A raíz del último de ellos, se construyó el Monasterio Nuevo. El Monasterio Antiguo fue declarado Monumento Nacional el 13 de julio de 1889 y el Monasterio Moderno el 9 de agosto de 1923. La restauración fue dirigida por el arquitecto modernista aragonés Ricardo Magdalena.
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The monastery of San Juan de la Peña is a religious complex in the town of Santa Cruz de la Serós, at the south-west of Jaca, in the province of Huesca, Spain. It was one of the most important monasteries in Aragon in the Middle Ages. Its two-level church is partially carved in the stone of the great cliff that overhangs the foundation. San Juan de la Peña means "Saint John of the Cliff".
The lower church includes some mozarabic architectural surviving elements, although most of the parts of the monastery (including the impressive cloister, under the great rock) are Romanesque. After the fire of 1675, a new monastery was built. The old monastery (built in 920) was declared National Monument on 13 July 1889, and the new monastery in 1923. In the 11th century the monastery became part of the Benedictine Order and was the first monastery in Spain to use the Latin Mass.
The cloister, built ca. 1190, contains a series of capitals with Biblical scenes that originally were arranged in chronological sequence, a design found elsewhere in the region.
The monastery is built beneath a huge rock sometimes associated with the legendary "Monte Pano". The second floor contains a royal pantheon of kings of Aragon and Navarre. The present room, with its marbles and stucco medallions recalling historic battles, is mainly a design built during the administration of Charles III of Spain in 1770. It contains the resting places of the following kings of Aragón: Ramiro I, Sancho Ramírez, and Peter I of Aragon and Navarre
Legend said that the chalice of the Last Supper (Holy Grail) was sent to the monastery for protection and prevention from being captured by the Muslim invaders of the Iberian Peninsula. It is alleged to be the same cup that was presented in 1438 by Alfonso V of Aragon to the Valencia Cathedral.
Postojna Cave is a 20,570 m long Karst cave system near Postojna, Slovenia. It is the longest cave system in the country as well as one of its top tourism sites. The caves were created by the Pivka River.
The cave was first described in the 17th century by Johann Weichard Valvasor, and a new area of the cave was discovered accidentally in 1818 by local Luka Čeč, when he was preparing the hitherto known parts of the cave for a visit by Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria. In 1819, the caves were opened to the public, and Čeč went on to become the first official tourist guide for the caves. Electric lighting was added in 1884, preceding even Ljubljana, the capital of Carniola, the Austro-Hungarian province the cave was part of at the time, and further enhancing the cave system's popularity. In 1872 rails were laid in the cave along with first cave train for tourists. At first, these were pushed along by the guides themselves, later at the beginning of the 20th century a gas locomotive was introduced. After 1945, the gas locomotive was replaced by an electric one. 5.3 km of the caves are open to the public, the longest publicly accessible depth of any cave system in the world.
Postojna Cave is a 20,570 m long Karst cave system near Postojna, Slovenia. It is the longest cave system in the country as well as one of its top tourism sites. The caves were created by the Pivka River.
The cave was first described in the 17th century by Johann Weichard Valvasor, and a new area of the cave was discovered accidentally in 1818 by local Luka Čeč, when he was preparing the hitherto known parts of the cave for a visit by Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria. In 1819, the caves were opened to the public, and Čeč went on to become the first official tourist guide for the caves. Electric lighting was added in 1884, preceding even Ljubljana, the capital of Carniola, the Austro-Hungarian province the cave was part of at the time, and further enhancing the cave system's popularity. In 1872 rails were laid in the cave along with first cave train for tourists. At first, these were pushed along by the guides themselves, later at the beginning of the 20th century a gas locomotive was introduced. After 1945, the gas locomotive was replaced by an electric one. 5.3 km of the caves are open to the public, the longest publicly accessible depth of any cave system in the world.
El monasterio de San Juan de la Peña fue el monasterio más importante de Aragón en la alta Edad Media. En su Panteón Real fueron enterrados un buen número de reyes de Aragón. Forma parte del camino aragonés del Camino de Santiago. Su enclave es extremadamente singular.
Cuenta la leyenda, que un joven noble de nombre Voto (en algunas versiones, Oto), vino de caza por estos parajes cuando avistó un ciervo. El cazador corrió tras la presa, pero ésta era huidiza y al llegar al monte Pano, se despeñó por el precipicio. Milagrosamente su caballo se posó en tierra suavemente. Sano y salvo en el fondo del barranco, vio una pequeña cueva en la que descubrió una ermita dedicada a San Juan Bautista y, en el interior, halló el cadáver de un ermitaño llamado Juan de Atarés. Impresionado por el descubrimiento, fue a Zaragoza, vendió todos sus bienes y junto a su hermano Félix se retiró a la cueva, e iniciaron una vida eremítica.
Se habitan estas montañas poco después de la invasión musulmana, al construir el castillo de Pano, destruido en el año 734. El origen legendario del Reino de Aragón también encuentra en el monasterio cueva de San Juan de la Peña su propia historia, cuando reunidos los guerreros cristianos junto a Voto y Félix deciden por aclamación nombrar a Garcí Ximénez su caudillo que les conducirá a la batalla por reconquistar tierras de Jaca y Aínsa, lugar éste donde se produjo el milagro de la cruz de fuego sobre la carrasca del Sobrarbe.
Reinando en Pamplona García Íñiguez y Galindo Aznarez I, conde de Aragón, comienzan a favorecer al Monasterio. El rey García Sánchez I concedió a los monjes derecho de jurisdicción, y sus sucesores hasta Sancho el Mayor, continuaron esta política de protección. Allí pasó sus primeros años San Íñigo. En el reinado de Sancho Ramírez de Aragón adquiere su mayor protagonismo llegando a ser panteón de los reyes de Aragón.
Fueron devastadores los incendios de 1494 y 1675. A raíz del último de ellos, se construyó el Monasterio Nuevo. El Monasterio Antiguo fue declarado Monumento Nacional el 13 de julio de 1889 y el Monasterio Moderno el 9 de agosto de 1923. La restauración fue dirigida por el arquitecto modernista aragonés Ricardo Magdalena.
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The monastery of San Juan de la Peña is a religious complex in the town of Santa Cruz de la Serós, at the south-west of Jaca, in the province of Huesca, Spain. It was one of the most important monasteries in Aragon in the Middle Ages. Its two-level church is partially carved in the stone of the great cliff that overhangs the foundation. San Juan de la Peña means "Saint John of the Cliff".
The lower church includes some mozarabic architectural surviving elements, although most of the parts of the monastery (including the impressive cloister, under the great rock) are Romanesque. After the fire of 1675, a new monastery was built. The old monastery (built in 920) was declared National Monument on 13 July 1889, and the new monastery in 1923. In the 11th century the monastery became part of the Benedictine Order and was the first monastery in Spain to use the Latin Mass.
The cloister, built ca. 1190, contains a series of capitals with Biblical scenes that originally were arranged in chronological sequence, a design found elsewhere in the region.
The monastery is built beneath a huge rock sometimes associated with the legendary "Monte Pano". The second floor contains a royal pantheon of kings of Aragon and Navarre. The present room, with its marbles and stucco medallions recalling historic battles, is mainly a design built during the administration of Charles III of Spain in 1770. It contains the resting places of the following kings of Aragón: Ramiro I, Sancho Ramírez, and Peter I of Aragon and Navarre
Legend said that the chalice of the Last Supper (Holy Grail) was sent to the monastery for protection and prevention from being captured by the Muslim invaders of the Iberian Peninsula. It is alleged to be the same cup that was presented in 1438 by Alfonso V of Aragon to the Valencia Cathedral.