Operation Vulcan executed their latest warrant yesterday (3 May 2023) at a property on Great Ducie Street in Cheetham Hill.

 

The warrant was carried out after intelligence came to light suggesting the property - a large distribution warehouse - was being used to supply a network of counterfeit stores throughout Cheetham Hill.

 

The number of items seized have an estimated worth of £1.2million pounds.

 

The enterprise was so vast officers made use of a conveyor belt to speed up the transfer of seized items into waiting vehicles.

 

Over the last 6 months through relentless policing and support from dedicated partners, Operation Vulcan has turned the tide against the criminals. The support of partners has been integral to Operation Vulcan and that was on full display yesterday (3 May 2023) with over 15 departments, teams, organisations and partner representatives in attendance - including from Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service, Intellectual Property Office, Trading Standards, Brand Experts and Border Force.

 

GMFRS also raised concerns about the safety of the building, which led to it being issued it with a prohibition order.

 

Inspector Andy Torkington said: "The network of counterfeit stores in Cheetham Hill might seem chaotic and disorganised but this is far from the truth. The latest warrant demonstrates that these stores are well funded and well supplied and it's big business for organised crime groups who have been operating out of the area.

 

"This warrant is an opportunity to make a huge dent in the supply chain by cutting off the head of the supply snake. I hope it sends a message to any remaining counterfeit stores in the area who persist in trading to pack up now or face the consequences.

 

"Operation Vulcan is here to stay and we will continue making it unsustainable for criminal businesses to exist here and will work shoulder-to-shoulder with our partners to re-build the area into a thriving community where people feel safe.”

 

Neil Fairlamb, Strategic Director of Neighbourhoods for Manchester City Council said: "The work that has taken place throughout Operation Vulcan has shown the scope and scale of the counterfeit industry. It is huge enterprise, one which has had an incredibly negative impact on our communities. By striking a blow against this criminal supply chain we will succeed in forcing these traders out for good."

 

The Intellectual Property Office’s Deputy Director of Intelligence and Law Enforcement, Marcus Evans said: The Intellectual Property Office’s Deputy Director of Intelligence and Law Enforcement, Marcus Evans said: “Criminal networks are seeking to exploit consumers and communities for their own financial gain through the trade in illegal counterfeits – with absolutely no regard for the quality or safety of the items being sold, which are often dangerous and defective. Such items can cause genuine harm to the people who buy and use them, as well as those workers often exploited during their production.

 

“As well as helping to sustain serious and organised crime, the sale of counterfeit goods has been estimated to contribute to over 80,000 job loses each year in the UK by diverting funds away from legitimate traders and into the hands of criminals. We are pleased to support the ongoing activity by Greater Manchester Police to clamp down on this illegal activity and help protect the public, as we continue to work with partners across in industry, local government, and law enforcement to help empower consumers and raise awareness of the damage these goods cause.”

No words are needed - Just action - Free the people of Burma

 

As we (the world) continue(s) to watch and be interested in the situation in Burma - The world is also preparing to go to Beijing next year - China (Beijing) continues to "crack-down" on so called political disidents, execute and "disappear" its citizens

Gräflich von Spee’sche Forstbetriebe Heltorf

 

"The castle park is laid out as an English forest park, in the center is the castle pond. The idea of creating the garden in the English style came from the French Abbé Biarelle in 1796 and was executed by Maximilian Weyhe in 1803. Special features of the garden at that time are exotic trees and shrubs, such as the second oldest rhododendron plantation in Germany, which is well worth seeing. The park covers an area of 54 hectares."

 

Source: wikipedia.de

 

Link: forst-graf-spee.de/schlosspark-heltorf/ (only in German)

 

A very successful morning in our area today, Thursday 14 July 2022, as we executed warrants which saw 11 suspects arrested and the recovery of a vehicle stolen the day before in Cheadle Hulme, Stockport.

 

The operation targeted burglary suspects as a result of forensic intelligence where we also recovered suspected Class A & B drugs and weapons, including a machete.

 

We are increasingly utilising forensic intelligence, so if criminals leave a trace at any crime scene we will arrest them.

 

Find out more about our work which links into Operation Castle: www.gmp.police.uk/police-forces/greater-manchester-police...

 

You should call 101, the national non-emergency number, to report crime and other concerns that do not require an emergency response.

 

Always call 999 in an emergency, such as when a crime is in progress, violence is being used or threatened or where there is danger to life.

 

You can also call anonymously with information about crime to Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111. Crimestoppers is an independent charity who will not want your name, just your information. Your call will not be traced or recorded and you do not have to go to court or give a statement.

 

You can access many of our services online at www.gmp.police.uk

   

The central focus of FDR’s second term was developing and executing the New Deal to bring the country out of economic turmoil. In this room, there are three scenes depicting the state of American citizens in the United States during the Great Depression. In front of you, a bread line is shown, representing the poverty and desperation of the working class during the Great Depression. Inscribed above the sculptures is the following quote from FDR’s second inaugural address: “I see one-third of a nation ill-housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished.”

 

The urban companions to the rural couple are represented by a five-man portion of an urban breadline shuffling its way alongside a brick building. These lines, which formed outside food kitchens offering bread, soup, or groceries, often extended for many city blocks.

 

George Segal

 

George Segal was born in the Bronx, New York City, in 1924. His parents had immigrated from eastern Europe. George exhibited an interest in art early and won honors for his work while still in high school. George was raised in New Jersey, where his family settled, and he helped his parents with their chicken-raising business throughout his teens. Later, he took over the farm and still lives there with his wife Helen. Today, the old chicken coops house his art studio.

 

Everyday life and everyday happenings form the basis of George Segal’s sculptures. His pieces are cast directly from live models, mostly friends and relatives. George’s method of sculpting is unique. It depends heavily on real-life events and people said within environments which he constructs from real elements and furnishings. Segal’s work is therefore figurative but it does not romanticize or idealize the people whom he casts.

 

As the critic Phyllis Tuckman explains in the book, George Segal: Recent Painted Sculpture, “Segal’s figures radiate an aura of the familiar. They look like the kind of people with whom you come in daily contact…. These slices of life’s scenarios belie or masked other aspects of this haunting art.” Segal’s environments express more than what is visible on the surface. They dig deeply and say much about the universal elements of life through their focus on simple tasks.

 

It was for these reasons that George Segal was chosen to work within the themes of the Memorial. George has strong feelings and deep empathy for the Roosevelt era. He quickly selected three everyday images that were descriptive of the essence of the Depression years in our country, which had such a deep influence on the character and quality of our culture. Within these depictions the message is one of inherent individual dignity in the face of overwhelming odds.

 

George Segal developed his very personal casting technique in the early 1960s. He starts by dipping cloth bandages in wet plaster and then applying them directly to a body or to an object. He spends time working with his models before casting, describing the gestures he is trying to achieve and choreographing the positioning of their bodies in space within the constructed environment. Artist and model work together to finalize the pose before wrapping begins. Once the format has been fixed, the bandages are fitted around the various parts of the body. Hardening takes only minutes and then the bandages are removed by splitting them into sections. Later, they are reassembled to form the final figures or, as was the case for figures in the Memorial, they become molds for the final bronze sculptures.

This is something I stumbled upon by accident while waiting for a phone call. It is very easy to execute and brings one much pleasure. All you need is a ceiling fan and a roll of toilet paper. I would suggest that you have hardwood or concrete floors, but I think short carpet would work too.

 

Here is the easy-to-follow 10-step process for creating a TP Tornado for yourself:

 

1) Grab a roll of 2-ply toilet paper, open it up (if wrapped).

2) Unravel about three or four feet of the TP.

3) Give it a throw up in the air so it goes over TWO of the fan blades (if it goes over just one blade, gently pull it off and try again). This the most crucial step.

4) Once you have the TP roll over the TWO fan blades, then unroll the rest of it. You can throw it around a bit more if it brings you pleasure. Whatever you do, don’t break the stream - REMEMBER ONE SOLID STRIP OF TP!

5) Once all of the TP is unrolled on the floor, remove the cardboard roll, and make sure the toilet paper isn’t too tangled up.

6) Start the ceiling fan on medium to medium high speed and watch the fun began!

7) As the toilet paper twists up like a tornado, help it ravel up a bit by feeding it some of the toilet paper on the floor.

8) Once the TP tornado has sucked up almost all of the TP, turn off the fan.

9) Run back to the tornado. As the fan slows down, gently lift up the main TP twist (as pictured) to alleviate some of the stress at the top. Do this until the fan stops completely.

10) Slowly release your grip and step back to enjoy your personal TP Tornado!!

 

Show your friends and loved ones. Take a picture and send it to me. I’d love to post a collection of TP tornados from around the world.

 

Yeah yeah, the tornado is technically up side down but who really cares?

 

SPANISH:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

 

Aquí está el fácil a sigue 10 proceso del paso para crear un Tornado de TP para usted mismo:

 

1) Ase un rollo de 2 enrollan El papel del lavabo, lo abre arriba (si envuelto).

2) Desenreda acerca de tres o cuatro pies del TP.

3) Le Da un tiro arriba en el aire tan repasa DOS De las hojas de ventilador (si repasa sólo un hoja, suavemente lo tira de y de la prueba otra vez). Este el paso más crucial.

4) Una vez usted tiene el rollo de TP sobre el DOS Las hojas del ventilador, entonces desenrollan el resto de lo. Usted lo puede tirar alrededor de un poco más si le trae placer. ¡Cualquier usted hace, no rompe la corriente - RECUERDA UNA TIRA SOLIDA DE TP!

5) una vez todo el TP se desenrolla en el piso, quita el rollo de cardboard, y se cerciora el papel de lavabo no es demasiado enredado arriba.

6) ¡Empieza el ventilador de techo en el medio a la alta velocidad del medio y mira la diversión empezó!

7) Como las torsiones de papel de lavabo arriba quiere un tornado, lo ayuda enreda arriba un poco alimentándolo parte del papel de lavabo en el piso.

8) una vez el tornado de TP ha chupado arriba casi todo el TP, la vuelta del ventilador.

9) Corre espalda al tornado. Cuando el ventilador va más despacio, suavemente ascensor arriba la torsión principal de TP (se imaginó como) a la parte del alleviate del énfasis por encima. Haga esto hasta el ventilador para completamente.

10) ¡libera Lentamente su espalda del puño y el paso para gozar su Tornado personal de TP!

 

Muestre a sus amigos y adorar. Tome un retrato y me lo manda a mí. Adoraría anunciar una colección de tornados de TP de alrededor del mundo.

 

¿Sí sí, el tornado es técnicamente arriba lado hacia abajo pero quién cuida realmente?

Al-Nusra terror group says it executed leader of rival ISIL terror group

Huang, Min (editor). Qiu yu qiu feng [“Autumn rain, autumn wind”: memorial for the executed revolutionary Qiu Jin]. [Shanghai]: Jung cun shu ju; Hong wen shu ju, 1907. Single volume, measuring 7.25 x 5 inches: [4], 75, [1]. Original printed wrappers, stitched as issued, ornamental border stamped in purple on upper wrapper. Half-title printed on green paper. Portrait of suffragist, poet, and radical Qiu Jin in Japanese dress, wielding a sword, following the table of contents. Name written in ink and 1922 “paid” stamp of a San Francisco Chinese grocer on lower wrapper.

 

[MS-0857] Johns Hopkins University Women's Suffrage Collection

 

aspace.library.jhu.edu/repositories/3/resources/1433

 

The digital copies found on the Sheridan Libraries website, digital repositories, and social media are intended for personal, educational, research, and/or non-commercial purposes, unless otherwise noted. They may be used freely for private study, educational presentations, and non-commercial websites, blogs, and social media. Please visit our Rights and Reproductions page for complete terms and details: www.library.jhu.edu/policies/rights-and-reproductions/

Studiolo from the Ducal Palace in Gubbio

 

•Designer: Designed by Francesco di Giorgio Martini (Italian, Siena 1439-1501 Siena)

•Maker: Executed under the supervision of Francesco di Giorgio Martini (Italian, Siena 1439-1501 Siena)

•Maker: Executed in the workshop of Giuliano da Maiano (Italian, Maiano 1432-1490 Naples)

•Maker: and Benedetto da Maiano (Italian, Maiano 1442-1497 Florence)

•Date: ca. 1478-1782

•Culture: Italian, Gubbio

•Medium: Walnut, beech, rosewood, oak and fruitwoods in walnut base

•Dimensions:

oHeight: 15 ft. 10 15/16 in. (485 cm)

oWidth: 16 ft. 11 15/16 in. (518 cm)

oDepth: 12 ft. 7 3/16 in. (384 cm)

•Classification: Woodwork

•Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1939

•Accession Number: 39.153

 

On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 501.

 

This detail is from a study, (or studiolo), intended for meditation and study. Its walls are carried out in a wood-inlay technique known as intarsia. The latticework doors of the cabinets, shown open or partly closed, indicate the contemporary interest in linear perspective. The cabinets display objects reflecting Duke Federico’s wide-ranging artistic and scientific interests, and the depictions of books recall his extensive library. Emblems of the Montefeltro are also represented. This room may have been designed by Francesco di Giorgio (1439-1502) and was executed by Giuliano da Majano (1432-1490). A similar room, in situ, was made for the duke’s palace at Urbino.

 

Signatures, Inscriptions, and Markings

 

•Inscription:

oLatin inscription in elegiac couplets in frieze: ASPICIS AETERNOS VENERANDAE MATRIS ALUMNOS // DOCTRINA EXCELSOS INGENIOQUE VIROS // UT NUDA CERVICE CADANT ANTE //.. // .. GENU // IUSTITIAM PIETAS VINCIT REVERENDA NEC ULLUM // POENITET ALTRICI SUCCUBUISSE SUAE.

oTranslation: (“You see the eternal nurselings of the venerable mother // Men pre-eminent in learning and genius, // How they fall with bared neck before // …… // ………………………………………………knee. // Honored loyalty prevails over justice, and no one // Repents having yielded to his foster mother.”)

 

Provenance

 

Duke Federico da Montefeltr, Palazzo Ducale, Gubbio, Italy (ca. 1479-1482); Prince Filippo Massimo Lancellotti, Frascati (from 1874); Lancelotti family, Frascati (until 1937; sold to Adolph Loewi, Venice); [Adolph Loewi, Venice (1937-1939; sold to MMA)]

 

Timeline of Art History

 

•Essays

oCollecting for the Kunstkammer

oDomestic Art in Renaissance Italy

oRenaissance Organs

•Timelines

oFlorence and Central Italy, 1400-1600 A.D.

 

MetPublications

 

oVermeer and the Delft School

oPeriod Rooms in The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oPainting Words, Sculpting Language: Creative Writing Activities at The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oOne Met. Many Worlds.

oMusical Instruments: Highlights of The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 4, The Renaissance in Italy and Spain

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Spanish)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Russian)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Portuguese)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Korean)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Japanese)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Italian)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (German)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (French)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Chinese)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Arabic)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide

oMasterpieces of The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oMasterpieces of The Metropolitan Museum of Art

o“The Liberal Arts Studiolo from the Ducal Palace at Gubbio”: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, v. 53, no. 4 (Spring, 1996)

oGuide to The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oThe Gubbio Studiolo and Its Conservation. Vol. 2, Italian Renaissance Intarsia and the Conservation of the Gubbio Studiolo

oThe Gubbio Studiolo and Its Conservation. Vol. 1, Federico da Montefeltro’s Palace at Gubbio and Its Studiolo

o“Carpaccio’s Young Knight in a Landscape: Christian Champion and Guardian of Liberty”: Metropolitan Museum Journal, v. 18 (1983)

oThe Artist Project: What Artists See When They Look At Art

oThe Artist Project

oThe Art of Renaissance Europe: A Resource for Educators

oThe Art of Chivalry: European Arms and Armor from The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oArt and Love in Renaissance Italy

"Mein Wandelweg führt über Abgründe"/"My Wandering Path Leads over Abysses", 27. April 1912

Bleistift, Aquarell und Deckfarben

Pencil, watercolor and gouache

Albertina

 

Quite different from the other watercolors executed in the prison in Neulengbach (Lower Austria) is the last work: a still life with three oranges on a colorfu patterned blanket. It is the only one for which a prelimary sketch - from the previous day, on the reverse of the sheet - is known to exist.

This still life differs radically from the transparent, wet-in-wet watercolors, not only thematically, but also technically: a heavy gouache with an inscription that does not really tie in with the motif: "My wandering path leads over abysses." The coloring was obviously added later, after the artist's release from prison, when Schiele was back in his own studio and had access to his gouache paints.

 

Völlig anders als alle andere im Gefängnis von Neulengbach gefertigten Aquarelle stellt sich das Schlusswerk dar: ein Stillleben-Arrangement von drei Orangen auf einer bunt gemusterten Decke, das einzige Werk, zu dem eine Vorzeichnung - vom Vortrag auf der Rückseite - erhalten ist.

Das Stillleben unterscheidet sich nicht nur thematisch, sondern auch technisch radikal von den transparenten, Nass-in-Nass gearbeiteten Aquarellen, eine farblich schwere Gouache, deren Beschriftung nicht zum Bildmotiv passen will: "Mein Wandelweg führt über Abgründe". Die Kolorierung ist offensichtlich später, nach Schieles Entlassung aus dem Gefängnis entstanden, im eigenen Atelier, wo dem Künstler wieder seine Gouache-Farben zur Verfügung standen.

 

The Albertina

The architectural history of the Palais

(Pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

Image: The oldest photographic view of the newly designed Palais Archduke Albrecht, 1869

"It is my will that ​​the expansion of the inner city of Vienna with regard to a suitable connection of the same with the suburbs as soon as possible is tackled and at this on Regulirung (regulation) and beautifying of my Residence and Imperial Capital is taken into account. To this end I grant the withdrawal of the ramparts and fortifications of the inner city and the trenches around the same".

This decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I, published on 25 December 1857 in the Wiener Zeitung, formed the basis for the largest the surface concerning and architecturally most significant transformation of the Viennese cityscape. Involving several renowned domestic and foreign architects a "master plan" took form, which included the construction of a boulevard instead of the ramparts between the inner city and its radially upstream suburbs. In the 50-years during implementation phase, an impressive architectural ensemble developed, consisting of imperial and private representational buildings, public administration and cultural buildings, churches and barracks, marking the era under the term "ring-street style". Already in the first year tithe decided a senior member of the Austrian imperial family to decorate the facades of his palace according to the new design principles, and thus certified the aristocratic claim that this also "historicism" said style on the part of the imperial house was attributed.

Image: The Old Albertina after 1920

It was the palace of Archduke Albrecht (1817-1895), the Senior of the Habsburg Family Council, who as Field Marshal held the overall command over the Austro-Hungarian army. The building was incorporated into the imperial residence of the Hofburg complex, forming the south-west corner and extending eleven meters above street level on the so-called Augustinerbastei.

The close proximity of the palace to the imperial residence corresponded not only with Emperor Franz Joseph I and Archduke Albert with a close familial relationship between the owner of the palace and the monarch. Even the former inhabitants were always in close relationship to the imperial family, whether by birth or marriage. An exception here again proves the rule: Don Emanuel Teles da Silva Conde Tarouca (1696-1771), for which Maria Theresa in 1744 the palace had built, was just a close friend and advisor of the monarch. Silva Tarouca underpins the rule with a second exception, because he belonged to the administrative services as Generalhofbaudirektor (general court architect) and President of the Austrian-Dutch administration, while all other him subsequent owners were highest ranking military.

In the annals of Austrian history, especially those of military history, they either went into as commander of the Imperial Army, or the Austrian, later kk Army. In chronological order, this applies to Duke Carl Alexander of Lorraine, the brother-of-law of Maria Theresa, as Imperial Marshal, her son-in-law Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, also field marshal, whos adopted son, Archduke Charles of Austria, the last imperial field marshal and only Generalissimo of Austria, his son Archduke Albrecht of Austria as Feldmarschalil and army Supreme commander, and most recently his nephew Archduke Friedrich of Austria, who held as field marshal from 1914 to 1916 the command of the Austro-Hungarian troops. Despite their military profession, all five generals conceived themselves as patrons of the arts and promoted large sums of money to build large collections, the construction of magnificent buildings and cultural life. Charles Alexander of Lorraine promoted as governor of the Austrian Netherlands from 1741 to 1780 the Academy of Fine Arts, the Théâtre de Ja Monnaie and the companies Bourgeois Concert and Concert Noble, he founded the Academie royale et imperial des Sciences et des Lettres, opened the Bibliotheque Royal for the population and supported artistic talents with high scholarships. World fame got his porcelain collection, which however had to be sold by Emperor Joseph II to pay off his debts. Duke Albert began in 1776 according to the concept of conte Durazzo to set up an encyclopedic collection of prints, which forms the core of the world-famous "Albertina" today.

Image : Duke Albert and Archduchess Marie Christine show in family cercle the from Italy brought along art, 1776. Frederick Henry Füger.

1816 declared to Fideikommiss and thus in future indivisible, inalienable and inseparable, the collection 1822 passed into the possession of Archduke Carl, who, like his descendants, it broadened. Under him, the collection was introduced together with the sumptuously equipped palace on the Augustinerbastei in the so-called "Carl Ludwig'schen fideicommissum in 1826, by which the building and the in it kept collection fused into an indissoluble unity. At this time had from the Palais Tarouca by structural expansion or acquisition a veritable Residenz palace evolved. Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen was first in 1800 the third floor of the adjacent Augustinian convent wing adapted to house his collection and he had after 1802 by his Belgian architect Louis de Montoyer at the suburban side built a magnificent extension, called the wing of staterooms, it was equipped in the style of Louis XVI. Only two decades later, Archduke Carl the entire palace newly set up. According to scetches of the architect Joseph Kornhäusel the 1822-1825 retreaded premises presented themselves in the Empire style. The interior of the palace testified from now in an impressive way the high rank and the prominent position of its owner. Under Archduke Albrecht the outer appearance also should meet the requirements. He had the facade of the palace in the style of historicism orchestrated and added to the Palais front against the suburbs an offshore covered access. Inside, he limited himself, apart from the redesign of the Rococo room in the manner of the second Blondel style, to the retention of the paternal stock. Archduke Friedrich's plans for an expansion of the palace were omitted, however, because of the outbreak of the First World War so that his contribution to the state rooms, especially, consists in the layout of the Spanish apartment, which he in 1895 for his sister, the Queen of Spain Maria Christina, had set up as a permanent residence.

Picture: The "audience room" after the restoration: Picture: The "balcony room" around 1990

The era of stately representation with handing down their cultural values ​​found its most obvious visualization inside the palace through the design and features of the staterooms. On one hand, by the use of the finest materials and the purchase of masterfully manufactured pieces of equipment, such as on the other hand by the permanent reuse of older equipment parts. This period lasted until 1919, when Archduke Friedrich was expropriated by the newly founded Republic of Austria. With the republicanization of the collection and the building first of all finished the tradition that the owner's name was synonymous with the building name:

After Palais Tarouca or tarokkisches house it was called Lorraine House, afterwards Duke Albert Palais and Palais Archduke Carl. Due to the new construction of an adjacently located administration building it received in 1865 the prefix "Upper" and was referred to as Upper Palais Archduke Albrecht and Upper Palais Archduke Frederick. For the state a special reference to the Habsburg past was certainly politically no longer opportune, which is why was decided to name the building according to the in it kept collection "Albertina".

Picture: The "Wedgwood Cabinet" after the restoration: Picture: the "Wedgwood Cabinet" in the Palais Archduke Friedrich, 1905

This name derives from the term "La Collection Albertina" which had been used by the gallery Inspector Maurice von Thausing in 1870 in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts for the former graphics collection of Duke Albert. For this reason, it was the first time since the foundation of the palace that the name of the collection had become synonymous with the room shell. Room shell, hence, because the Republic of Austria Archduke Friedrich had allowed to take along all the movable goods from the palace in his Hungarian exile: crystal chandeliers, curtains and carpets as well as sculptures, vases and clocks. Particularly stressed should be the exquisite furniture, which stems of three facilities phases: the Louis XVI furnitures of Duke Albert, which had been manufactured on the basis of fraternal relations between his wife Archduchess Marie Christine and the French Queen Marie Antoinette after 1780 in the French Hofmanufakturen, also the on behalf of Archduke Charles 1822-1825 in the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory by Joseph Danhauser produced Empire furnitures and thirdly additions of the same style of Archduke Friedrich, which this about 1900 at Portois & Ffix as well as at Friedrich Otto Schmidt had commissioned.

The "swept clean" building got due to the strained financial situation after the First World War initially only a makeshift facility. However, since until 1999 no revision of the emergency equipment took place, but differently designed, primarily the utilitarianism committed office furnitures complementarily had been added, the equipment of the former state rooms presented itself at the end of the 20th century as an inhomogeneous administrative mingle-mangle of insignificant parts, where, however, dwelt a certain quaint charm. From the magnificent state rooms had evolved depots, storage rooms, a library, a study hall and several officed.

Image: The Albertina Graphic Arts Collection and the Philipphof after the American bombing of 12 März 1945.

Image: The palace after the demolition of the entrance facade, 1948-52

Worse it hit the outer appearance of the palace, because in times of continued anti-Habsburg sentiment after the Second World War and inspired by an intolerant destruction will, it came by pickaxe to a ministerial erasure of history. In contrast to the graphic collection possessed the richly decorated facades with the conspicuous insignia of the former owner an object-immanent reference to the Habsburg past and thus exhibited the monarchial traditions and values ​​of the era of Francis Joseph significantly. As part of the remedial measures after a bomb damage, in 1948 the aristocratic, by Archduke Albert initiated, historicist facade structuring along with all decorations was cut off, many facade figures demolished and the Hapsburg crest emblems plunged to the ground. Since in addition the old ramp also had been cancelled and the main entrance of the bastion level had been moved down to the second basement storey at street level, ended the presence of the old Archduke's palace after more than 200 years. At the reopening of the "Albertina Graphic Collection" in 1952, the former Hapsburg Palais of splendour presented itself as one of his identity robbed, formally trivial, soulless room shell, whose successful republicanization an oversized and also unproportional eagle above the new main entrance to the Augustinian road symbolized. The emocratic throw of monuments had wiped out the Hapsburg palace from the urban appeareance, whereby in the perception only existed a nondescript, nameless and ahistorical building that henceforth served the lodging and presentation of world-famous graphic collection of the Albertina. The condition was not changed by the decision to the refurbishment because there were only planned collection specific extensions, but no restoration of the palace.

Image: The palace after the Second World War with simplified facades, the rudiment of the Danubiusbrunnens (well) and the new staircase up to the Augustinerbastei

This paradigm shift corresponded to a blatant reversal of the historical circumstances, as the travel guides and travel books for kk Residence and imperial capital of Vienna dedicated itself primarily with the magnificent, aristocratic palace on the Augustinerbastei with the sumptuously fitted out reception rooms and mentioned the collection kept there - if at all - only in passing. Only with the repositioning of the Albertina in 2000 under the direction of Klaus Albrecht Schröder, the palace was within the meaning and in fulfillment of the Fideikommiss of Archduke Charles in 1826 again met with the high regard, from which could result a further inseparable bond between the magnificent mansions and the world-famous collection. In view of the knowing about politically motivated errors and omissions of the past, the facades should get back their noble, historicist designing, the staterooms regain their glamorous, prestigious appearance and culturally unique equippment be repurchased. From this presumption, eventually grew the full commitment to revise the history of redemption and the return of the stately palace in the public consciousness.

Image: The restored suburb facade of the Palais Albertina suburb

The smoothed palace facades were returned to their original condition and present themselves today - with the exception of the not anymore reconstructed Attica figures - again with the historicist decoration and layout elements that Archduke Albrecht had given after the razing of the Augustinerbastei in 1865 in order. The neoclassical interiors, today called after the former inhabitants "Habsburg Staterooms", receiving a meticulous and detailed restoration taking place at the premises of originality and authenticity, got back their venerable and sumptuous appearance. From the world wide scattered historical pieces of equipment have been bought back 70 properties or could be returned through permanent loan to its original location, by which to the visitors is made experiencable again that atmosphere in 1919 the state rooms of the last Habsburg owner Archduke Frederick had owned. The for the first time in 80 years public accessible "Habsburg State Rooms" at the Palais Albertina enable now again as eloquent testimony to our Habsburg past and as a unique cultural heritage fundamental and essential insights into the Austrian cultural history. With the relocation of the main entrance to the level of the Augustinerbastei the recollection to this so valuable Austrian Cultural Heritage formally and functionally came to completion. The vision of the restoration and recovery of the grand palace was a pillar on which the new Albertina should arise again, the other embody the four large newly built exhibition halls, which allow for the first time in the history of the Albertina, to exhibit the collection throughout its encyclopedic breadh under optimal conservation conditions.

Image: The new entrance area of the Albertina

64 meter long shed roof. Hans Hollein.

The palace presents itself now in its appearance in the historicist style of the Ringstrassenära, almost as if nothing had happened in the meantime. But will the wheel of time should not, cannot and must not be turned back, so that the double standards of the "Albertina Palace" said museum - on the one hand Habsburg grandeur palaces and other modern museum for the arts of graphics - should be symbolized by a modern character: The in 2003 by Hans Hollein designed far into the Albertina square cantilevering, elegant floating flying roof. 64 meters long, it symbolizes in the form of a dynamic wedge the accelerated urban spatial connectivity and public access to the palace. It advertises the major changes in the interior as well as the huge underground extensions of the repositioned "Albertina".

 

Christian Benedictine

Art historian with research interests History of Architecture, building industry of the Hapsburgs, Hofburg and Zeremonialwissenschaft (ceremonial sciences). Since 1990 he works in the architecture collection of the Albertina. Since 2000 he supervises as director of the newly founded department "Staterooms" the restoration and furnishing of the state rooms and the restoration of the facades and explores the history of the palace and its inhabitants.

 

www.wien-vienna.at/albertinabaugeschichte.php

 

A beautifully executed restoration of this this little 'giant killer' 125 (24BHP @ 12,500RPM). This machine came to the current owner from a collector in Florida and has very liitle time on it since the restoration. Frame # 400-999259, engine # AS3-990259.

 

Pretty, rare and competent machine.

 

More at www.vintagemotorcyclesforsale.ca

Ernest L. Blumenschein's Eagle Fan, executed about 1915, was first exhibited as one-half of a single painting titled The Chief's Two Sons. "The painting symbolized the emerging youth among the Taos Pueblo and their unifying influence within the tribe," according to scholar Peter H. Hassrick, "as well as the coming together of Blumenschein's colleagues into the Taos Society of Artists." The Taos Society of Artists, a commercial cooperative, split up in 1926--about the same time that Blumenschein cut the canvas in half to create two separate portraits.

 

The Denver Art Museum, a private, non-profit museum, is known for its collection of American Indian art. Its impressive collection of more than 68,000 works includes pieces from around the world including modern and contemporary art, European and American painting and sculpture, and pre-Columbian and Spanish Colonial art. The museum was originally founded in 1893 as the Denver Artists Club. In 1918, it moved into galleries in the Denver City and County Building, and became the Denver Art Museum.

 

In 1971, the museum opened what is now known as the North Building, designed by Italian architect Gio Ponti and Denver-based James Sudler Associates. The seven-story structure, 210,000-square-foot building allowed the museum to display its collections under one roof for the first time. The Frederic C. Hamilton Building, designed by Studio Daniel Libeskind and Denver firm Davis Partnership Architects, opened on October 7, 2006 to accommodate the Denver Art Museum's growing collections and programs.

LUBLIN, Poland — LITPOLUKRBRIG moved to the next scenario stage executing ANAKONDA 16 training plan and held Civil-Military Cooperation Operations while affiliated units conducted clearance of buildings and deactivated improvised explosive devices and mines.

 

Thus, Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian Brigade Commander Brigadier General Adam Joks and the Deputy Colonel Volodymyr Yudanov accompanied with Chief S-9 section Major Tomasz Pędzik met a Governor of a fictional province and discussed requirements to recover the part of the country affected by terror. During the long and challenging chat the meeting participants came to a common point of view.

 

“Such events bring an outstanding opportunity to exercise personal diplomatic standards. We were supposed to carefully listen to the local official, express our readiness to help, but simultaneously be aware of political trades in the area of operation and take into account that we cannot be involved in the political speculation or other, so called, games. We did our best to offer meaningful help to the local population but to be reasonable with available resources,” Colonel Volodymyr Yudanov talked about the CIMIC meeting.

 

Meanwhile, combined Polish-Ukrainian unit entered the designated area of recovery and secured the area. The soldiers checked out the buildings in order to ensure no adversary followers remain in the town. Demining specialists searched for improvised explosive devices still threating civilians and military patrols.

 

“The main intent of the crisis-response operation is not just to suppress adversary but also to recover the area and mitigate suffering of the local population. For this reason, we exercised and examined the Multinational Brigade means of securing civilians and cooperation with them. Thus, I want to underline, that ANAKONDA 16 allows us to exercise a wide spectrum of LITPOLUKRBRIG functions and receive easy adaptable to any operation training. Also, it integrates Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian Brigade in the global operational environment, establishes mutual trust and understanding between the involved armies,” concluded Brigadier General Adam Joks.

 

“Анаконда-2016”: ЛИТПОЛУКРБРИГ налагоджує життя цивільного населення в районі проведення операції

 

Литовсько-Польсько-Українська бригада перейшла до наступного кроку виконання операції за сценарієм навчання “Анаконда-2016”. Зокрема, військовослужбовці провели заходи цивільно-військового співробітництва, зачистили будівлі населеного пукнту та розмінували саморобні вибухові пристрої.

Командир ЛИТПОЛУКРБРИГ бригадний генерал Адам Йокс, його заступник полковник Володимир Юданов разом з начальником секції С-9 майором Томашем Пенджіком провели робочу зустріч з місцевим губернатором під час якої вони обговорили аспекти відновлення регіону, що постраджав від діяльності незаконних збройних формувань. Протягом тривалої розмови учасники дійшли спільної думки.

— Такі навчальні події допомагають нам підготуватися дипломатично вирішувати складні ситуації. Ми уважно вислухали представника місцевої влади, висловили готовність допомагати, але водночас врахували особливості відносин між політичними течіями регіону. Ми не можемо бути втягнутими в якісь політичні конфлікти чи, так звані, ігри. Тому, оцінюючи власні сили і засоби, ми запропонували таку допомогу, яку зможемо надати – не більше, і не менше, — розповів про зустріч в рамках цивільно-військового співробітництва полковник Володимир Юданов.

Тим часом, польсько-український підрозділ прибув у визначений населений пункт і взяв його під охорону. Військові з двох країн перевірили будівлі з метою пересвідчитися, що прихильників ворога в містечку не залишилося. А сапери знешкодили закладені саморобні вибухові пристрої та міни, що загрожували цивільному населенню та військовим патрулям.

— Основне зусилля операцій з підтримки миру не тільки зменшити діяльність сил противника, а й мінімізувати страждання місцевого населення. З цією метою ми перевірили засоби багатонаціональної бригади щодо роботи з цивільним населенням і забезпечення їх безпеки. Також, я хочу наголосити, що “Анаконда-2016” дозволяє нам перевірити роботу широкого спектру сил і засобів ЛИТПОЛУКРБРИГ і отримати підготовку, що легко адаптовується до умов будь-яких майбутніх місій. Також, навчання інтегровує Литовсько-Польсько-Україську бригаду в міжнародне середовище виконання операцій, встановлює засади взаємної довіри і порозуміння між країнами-учасниками, — додав на завершення бригадний генерал Адам Йокс.

 

Фото: Олександр Гайн

 

California, located on the inner east wall of Coit Tower's rotunda, was executed by Maxine Albro, in 1934. The interior walls of the tower are decorated with murals, mostly done in fresco, carried out by 26 artists under the auspices of the Public Works Project. The muralists, who were mainly faculty and students were supervised by Ralph Stackpole and Bernard Zakheim. Artists included Maxine Albro, Victor Arnautoff, Ray Bertrand, Rinaldo Cuneo, Mallette Harold Dean, Clifford Wight, Edith Hamlin, George Harris, Robert B. Howard, Otis Oldfield, Suzanne Scheuer, Hebe Daum and Frede Vidar.

 

Coit Tower, sitting in Pioneer Park atop Telegraph Hill, was built in 1933 by architects Arthur Brown, Jr. and Henry Howard, at the bequest of Lillian Hitchcock Coit for the purposes of beautification of the City of San Francisco. The 210-foot tall, unpainted, reinforced concrete, Art Deco tower resembles a fire hose nozzle. However, even though Lillie Coit was a big supporter of the city's fireman, contrary to urban legend the tower does not serve as a memorial in wake of the 1906 earthquake. Over 250,000 visitors come to Coit Tower annually to take the elevator ride up to the 360-degree observation deck, which sits 179-feet high and 542-feet above sea level. There is a small studio apartment on the first level of the tower, which was originally used as lodging for the structure's caretaker.

 

Pioneer Park, one of the first dedicated parks in San Francisco, was established atop Telegraph Hill in 1876. Telegraph Hill earned its name from the marine semaphore telegraph which was posted there in the 1850's, providing notification of arriving ships.

 

National Register #07001468 (2007)

Studiolo from the Ducal Palace in Gubbio

 

•Designer: Designed by Francesco di Giorgio Martini (Italian, Siena 1439-1501 Siena)

•Maker: Executed under the supervision of Francesco di Giorgio Martini (Italian, Siena 1439-1501 Siena)

•Maker: Executed in the workshop of Giuliano da Maiano (Italian, Maiano 1432-1490 Naples)

•Maker: and Benedetto da Maiano (Italian, Maiano 1442-1497 Florence)

•Date: ca. 1478-1782

•Culture: Italian, Gubbio

•Medium: Walnut, beech, rosewood, oak and fruitwoods in walnut base

•Dimensions:

oHeight: 15 ft. 10 15/16 in. (485 cm)

oWidth: 16 ft. 11 15/16 in. (518 cm)

oDepth: 12 ft. 7 3/16 in. (384 cm)

•Classification: Woodwork

•Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1939

•Accession Number: 39.153

 

On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 501.

 

This detail is from a study, (or studiolo), intended for meditation and study. Its walls are carried out in a wood-inlay technique known as intarsia. The latticework doors of the cabinets, shown open or partly closed, indicate the contemporary interest in linear perspective. The cabinets display objects reflecting Duke Federico’s wide-ranging artistic and scientific interests, and the depictions of books recall his extensive library. Emblems of the Montefeltro are also represented. This room may have been designed by Francesco di Giorgio (1439-1502) and was executed by Giuliano da Majano (1432-1490). A similar room, in situ, was made for the duke’s palace at Urbino.

 

Signatures, Inscriptions, and Markings

 

•Inscription:

oLatin inscription in elegiac couplets in frieze: ASPICIS AETERNOS VENERANDAE MATRIS ALUMNOS // DOCTRINA EXCELSOS INGENIOQUE VIROS // UT NUDA CERVICE CADANT ANTE //.. // .. GENU // IUSTITIAM PIETAS VINCIT REVERENDA NEC ULLUM // POENITET ALTRICI SUCCUBUISSE SUAE.

oTranslation: (“You see the eternal nurselings of the venerable mother // Men pre-eminent in learning and genius, // How they fall with bared neck before // …… // ………………………………………………knee. // Honored loyalty prevails over justice, and no one // Repents having yielded to his foster mother.”)

 

Provenance

 

Duke Federico da Montefeltr, Palazzo Ducale, Gubbio, Italy (ca. 1479-1482); Prince Filippo Massimo Lancellotti, Frascati (from 1874); Lancelotti family, Frascati (until 1937; sold to Adolph Loewi, Venice); [Adolph Loewi, Venice (1937-1939; sold to MMA)]

 

Timeline of Art History

 

•Essays

oCollecting for the Kunstkammer

oDomestic Art in Renaissance Italy

oRenaissance Organs

•Timelines

oFlorence and Central Italy, 1400-1600 A.D.

 

MetPublications

 

oVermeer and the Delft School

oPeriod Rooms in The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oPainting Words, Sculpting Language: Creative Writing Activities at The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oOne Met. Many Worlds.

oMusical Instruments: Highlights of The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 4, The Renaissance in Italy and Spain

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Spanish)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Russian)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Portuguese)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Korean)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Japanese)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Italian)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (German)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (French)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Chinese)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Arabic)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide

oMasterpieces of The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oMasterpieces of The Metropolitan Museum of Art

o“The Liberal Arts Studiolo from the Ducal Palace at Gubbio”: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, v. 53, no. 4 (Spring, 1996)

oGuide to The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oThe Gubbio Studiolo and Its Conservation. Vol. 2, Italian Renaissance Intarsia and the Conservation of the Gubbio Studiolo

oThe Gubbio Studiolo and Its Conservation. Vol. 1, Federico da Montefeltro’s Palace at Gubbio and Its Studiolo

o“Carpaccio’s Young Knight in a Landscape: Christian Champion and Guardian of Liberty”: Metropolitan Museum Journal, v. 18 (1983)

oThe Artist Project: What Artists See When They Look At Art

oThe Artist Project

oThe Art of Renaissance Europe: A Resource for Educators

oThe Art of Chivalry: European Arms and Armor from The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oArt and Love in Renaissance Italy

The Liechtenstein Garden Palace is a Baroque palace at the Fürstengasse in the 9th District of Vienna, Alsergrund . Between the palace, where the Liechtenstein Museum was until the end of 2011, and executed as Belvedere summer palace on the Alserbachstraße is a park. Since early 2012, the Liechtenstein Garden Palace is a place for events. Part of the private art collection of the Prince of Liechtenstein is still in the gallery rooms of the palace. In 2010 was started to call the palace, to avoid future confusion, officially the Garden Palace, since 2013 the city has renovated the Palais Liechtenstein (Stadtpalais) in Vienna's old town and then also equipped with a part of the Liechtenstein art collection.

Building

Design for the Liechtenstein Garden Palace, Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach in 1687/1688

Canaletto: View of Palais Liechtenstein

1687 bought Prince Johann Adam Andreas von Liechtenstein a garden with adjoining meadows of Count Weikhard von Auersperg in the Rossau. In the southern part of the property the prince had built a palace and in the north part he founded a brewery and a manorial, from which developed the suburb Lichtental. For the construction of the palace Johann Adam Andreas organised 1688 a competition, in the inter alia participating, the young Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. Meanwhile, a little functional, " permeable " project was rejected by the prince but, after all, instead he was allowed to built a garden in the Belvedere Alserbachstraße 14, which , however, was canceled in 1872.

The competition was won by Domenico Egidio Rossi, but was replaced in 1692 by Domenico Martinelli. The execution of the stonework had been given the royal Hofsteinmetzmeister (master stonemason) Martin Mitschke. He was delivered by the Masters of Kaisersteinbruch Ambrose Ferrethi , Giovanni Battista Passerini and Martin Trumler large pillars, columns and pedestal made ​​from stone Emperor (Kaiserstein). Begin of the contract was the fourth July 1689 , the total cost was around 50,000 guilders.

For contracts from the years 1693 and 1701 undertook the Salzburg master stonemason John and Joseph Pernegger owner for 4,060 guilders the steps of the great grand staircase from Lienbacher (Adnet = red) to supply marble monolith of 4.65 meters. From the Master Nicolaus Wendlinger from Hallein came the Stiegenbalustraden (stair balustrades) for 1,000 guilders.

A palazzo was built in a mix of city and country in the Roman-style villa. The structure is clear and the construction very blocky with a stressed central risalite, what served the conservative tastes of the Prince very much. According to the procedure of the architectural treatise by Johann Adam Andreas ' father, Karl Eusebius, the palace was designed with three floors and 13 windows axis on the main front and seven windows axis on the lateral front. Together with the stems it forms a courtyard .

Sala terrene of the Palais

1700 the shell was completed. In 1702, the Salzburg master stonemason and Georg Andreas Doppler took over 7,005 guilders for the manufacture of door frame made ​​of white marble of Salzburg, 1708 was the delivery of the fireplaces in marble hall for 1,577 guilders. For the painted decoration was originally the Bolognese Marcantonio Franceschini hired, from him are some of the painted ceilings on the first floor. Since he to slow to the prince, Antonio Belucci was hired from Venice, who envisioned the rest of the floor. The ceiling painting in the Great Hall, the Hercules Hall but got Andrea Pozzo . Pozzo in 1708 confirmed the sum of 7,500 florins which he had received since 1704 for the ceiling fresco in the Marble Hall in installments. As these artists died ( Pozzo) or declined to Italy, the Prince now had no painter left for the ground floor.

After a long search finally Michael Rottmayr was hired for the painting of the ground floor - originally a temporary solution, because the prince was of the opinion that only Italian artist buon gusto d'invenzione had. Since Rottmayr was not involved in the original planning, his paintings not quite fit with the stucco. Rottmayr 1708 confirmed the receipt of 7,500 guilders for his fresco work.

Giovanni Giuliani, who designed the sculptural decoration in the window roofing of the main facade, undertook in 1705 to provide sixteen stone vases of Zogelsdorfer stone. From September 1704 to August 1705 Santino Bussi stuccoed the ground floor of the vault of the hall and received a fee of 1,000 florins and twenty buckets of wine. 1706 Bussi adorned the two staircases, the Marble Hall, the Gallery Hall and the remaining six halls of the main projectile with its stucco work for 2,200 florins and twenty buckets of wine. Giuliani received in 1709 for his Kaminbekrönungen (fireplace crowning) of the great room and the vases 1,128 guilders.

Garden

Liechtenstein Palace from the garden

The new summer palace of Henry of Ferstel from the garden

The garden was created in the mind of a classic baroque garden. The vases and statues were carried out according to the plans of Giuseppe Mazza from the local Giovanni Giuliani. In 1820 the garden has been remodeled according to plans of Joseph Kornhäusel in the Classical sense. In the Fürstengasse was opposite the Palais, the Orangerie, built 1700s.

Use as a museum

Already from 1805 to 1938, the palace was housing the family collection of the house of Liechtenstein, which was also open for public viewing, the collection was then transferred to the Principality of Liechtenstein, which remained neutral during the war and was not bombed. In the 1960s and 1970s, the so-called Building Centre was housed in the palace as a tenant, a permanent exhibition for builders of single-family houses and similar buildings. From 26 April 1979 rented the since 1962 housed in the so-called 20er Haus Museum of the 20th Century , a federal museum, the palace as a new main house, the 20er Haus was continued as a branch . Since the start of operations at the Palais, the collection called itself Museum of Modern Art (since 1991 Museum of Modern Art Ludwig Foundation ), the MUMOK in 2001 moved to the newly built museum district.

From 29 March 2004 till the end of 2011 in the Palace was the Liechtenstein Museum, whose collection includes paintings and sculptures from five centuries. The collection is considered one of the largest and most valuable private art collections in the world, whose main base in Vaduz (Liechtenstein) is . As the palace, so too the collection is owned by the Prince of Liechtenstein Foundation .

On 15 November 2011 it was announced that the regular museum operating in the Garden Palace was stopped due to short of original expectations, visiting numbers remaining lower as calculated, with January 2012. The Liechtenstein City Palace museum will also not offer regular operations. Exhibited works of art would then (in the city palace from 2013) only during the "Long Night of the Museums", for registered groups and during leased events being visitable. The name of the Liechtenstein Museum will no longer be used.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Liechtenstein_(F%C3%BCrstengasse)

Executed in 1930 by Aristide Maillol this work entitled Nymph was originally the central figure for The Three Graces.

 

The nude female bronze figure was acquired as a gift of Joseph H. Hirshhorn in 1966, purchased from the Curt Valentin Gallery in 1955.

 

The Cathedral Evening was executed in 1972 by Ronald Bladen. The 10-foot, 3-inch by 29-foot, 3-inch b 24-foot, 8-1/2-inch Cor-Ten steel sculpture was part of a collection amassed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, under the direction of New York's governor Nelson A. Rockefeller.

 

The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza, commonly known as simply the Empire State Plaza or The South Mall, is a complex of government buildings bordered by Madison Avenue and State Street, Swan Street and Eagle Street. Built between 1965 and 1978, it covers 98 acres and houses 11,000 state employees in ten buildings. Conceived by former Governor Nelson Rockefeller in 1959 during a visit from Princess Beatrix of The Netherlands, the plaza is the largest state capital complex of unified architectural conception in the United States. The Plaza has been sharply criticized over the years for its size, cost and design.

This mural, located along NW 26th Street, was executed for Outside the Walls by assume vivid astro focus in 2010. Eli Sudbrack founded the art collective "assume vivid astro focus" (avaf) in 2000 after moving to New York from São Paulo. Eli has been working with Christophe Hamaide-Pierson in New York and Paris since 2005. Their production process usually begins with a hand-drawn image, which is digitized and manipulated in Illustrator and Photoshop before it is printed on self-adhesive and installed. avaf lent a labyrinth of previously produced wallpapers for an interior space at Wynwood Walls. For their exterior mural, Eli and Cristophe worked with Miami graffiti artist Skott Johnson to translate their images. The shoe imagery owes the many old shoes warehouses of the Wynwood District. When avaf learned there was one sign painter employed by all the warehouses, they located him and Diego agreed to collaborate with them.

 

Wynwood Walls, located on a six-building complex along NW 2nd Avenue between NW 25th and NW 26th Streets, was opened by Tony Goldman and Goldman Properties in 2009 to bring together the world's greatest artists working in the graffiti and street art. In 2010, Tony added the Wynwood Doors, 176-feet of roll-up storefront gates. And in 2011, murals outside the complex have been commissioned for Outside the Walls.

Studiolo from the Ducal Palace in Gubbio

 

•Designer: Designed by Francesco di Giorgio Martini (Italian, Siena 1439-1501 Siena)

•Maker: Executed under the supervision of Francesco di Giorgio Martini (Italian, Siena 1439-1501 Siena)

•Maker: Executed in the workshop of Giuliano da Maiano (Italian, Maiano 1432-1490 Naples)

•Maker: and Benedetto da Maiano (Italian, Maiano 1442-1497 Florence)

•Date: ca. 1478-1782

•Culture: Italian, Gubbio

•Medium: Walnut, beech, rosewood, oak and fruitwoods in walnut base

•Dimensions:

oHeight: 15 ft. 10 15/16 in. (485 cm)

oWidth: 16 ft. 11 15/16 in. (518 cm)

oDepth: 12 ft. 7 3/16 in. (384 cm)

•Classification: Woodwork

•Credit Line: Rogers Fund, 1939

•Accession Number: 39.153

 

On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 501.

 

This detail is from a study, (or studiolo), intended for meditation and study. Its walls are carried out in a wood-inlay technique known as intarsia. The latticework doors of the cabinets, shown open or partly closed, indicate the contemporary interest in linear perspective. The cabinets display objects reflecting Duke Federico’s wide-ranging artistic and scientific interests, and the depictions of books recall his extensive library. Emblems of the Montefeltro are also represented. This room may have been designed by Francesco di Giorgio (1439-1502) and was executed by Giuliano da Majano (1432-1490). A similar room, in situ, was made for the duke’s palace at Urbino.

 

Signatures, Inscriptions, and Markings

 

•Inscription:

oLatin inscription in elegiac couplets in frieze: ASPICIS AETERNOS VENERANDAE MATRIS ALUMNOS // DOCTRINA EXCELSOS INGENIOQUE VIROS // UT NUDA CERVICE CADANT ANTE //.. // .. GENU // IUSTITIAM PIETAS VINCIT REVERENDA NEC ULLUM // POENITET ALTRICI SUCCUBUISSE SUAE.

oTranslation: (“You see the eternal nurselings of the venerable mother // Men pre-eminent in learning and genius, // How they fall with bared neck before // …… // ………………………………………………knee. // Honored loyalty prevails over justice, and no one // Repents having yielded to his foster mother.”)

 

Provenance

 

Duke Federico da Montefeltr, Palazzo Ducale, Gubbio, Italy (ca. 1479-1482); Prince Filippo Massimo Lancellotti, Frascati (from 1874); Lancelotti family, Frascati (until 1937; sold to Adolph Loewi, Venice); [Adolph Loewi, Venice (1937-1939; sold to MMA)]

 

Timeline of Art History

 

•Essays

oCollecting for the Kunstkammer

oDomestic Art in Renaissance Italy

oRenaissance Organs

•Timelines

oFlorence and Central Italy, 1400-1600 A.D.

 

MetPublications

 

oVermeer and the Delft School

oPeriod Rooms in The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oPainting Words, Sculpting Language: Creative Writing Activities at The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oOne Met. Many Worlds.

oMusical Instruments: Highlights of The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 4, The Renaissance in Italy and Spain

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Spanish)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Russian)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Portuguese)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Korean)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Japanese)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Italian)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (German)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (French)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Chinese)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide (Arabic)

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide

oThe Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide

oMasterpieces of The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oMasterpieces of The Metropolitan Museum of Art

o“The Liberal Arts Studiolo from the Ducal Palace at Gubbio”: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, v. 53, no. 4 (Spring, 1996)

oGuide to The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oThe Gubbio Studiolo and Its Conservation. Vol. 2, Italian Renaissance Intarsia and the Conservation of the Gubbio Studiolo

oThe Gubbio Studiolo and Its Conservation. Vol. 1, Federico da Montefeltro’s Palace at Gubbio and Its Studiolo

o“Carpaccio’s Young Knight in a Landscape: Christian Champion and Guardian of Liberty”: Metropolitan Museum Journal, v. 18 (1983)

oThe Artist Project: What Artists See When They Look At Art

oThe Artist Project

oThe Art of Renaissance Europe: A Resource for Educators

oThe Art of Chivalry: European Arms and Armor from The Metropolitan Museum of Art

oArt and Love in Renaissance Italy

Detail of the Baptistry Window, a masterpiece of abstract stained glass designed by John Piper and executed by Patrick Reyntiens.

 

Coventry's Cathedral is a unique synthesis of old a new, born of wartime suffering and forged in the spirit of postwar optimism, famous for it's history and for being the most radically modern of Anglican cathedrals. Two cathedral's stand side by side, the ruins of the medieval building, destroyed by incendiary bombs in 1940 and the bold new building designed by Basil Spence and opened in 1962.

 

It is a common misconception that Coventry lost it's first cathedral in the wartime blitz, but the bombs actually destroyed it's second; the original medieval cathedral was the monastic St Mary's, a large cruciform building believed to have been similar in appearance to Lichfield Cathedral (whose diocese it shared). Tragically it became the only English cathedral to be destroyed during the Reformation, after which it was quickly quarried away, leaving only scant fragments, but enough evidence survives to indicate it's rich decoration (some pieces were displayed nearby in the Priory Visitors Centre, sadly since closed). Foundations of it's apse were found during the building of the new cathedral in the 1950s, thus technically three cathedrals share the same site.

 

The mainly 15th century St Michael's parish church became the seat of the new diocese of Coventry in 1918, and being one of the largest parish churches in the country it was upgraded to cathedral status without structural changes (unlike most 'parish church' cathedrals created in the early 20th century). It lasted in this role a mere 22 years before being burned to the ground in the 1940 Coventry Blitz, leaving only the outer walls and the magnificent tapering tower and spire (the extensive arcades and clerestoreys collapsed completely in the fire, precipitated by the roof reinforcement girders, installed in the Victorian restoration, that buckled in the intense heat).

 

The determination to rebuild the cathedral in some form was born on the day of the bombing, however it wasn't until the mid 1950s that a competition was held and Sir Basil Spence's design was chosen. Spence had been so moved by experiencing the ruined church he resolved to retain it entirely to serve as a forecourt to the new church. He envisaged the two being linked by a glass screen wall so that the old church would be visible from within the new.

 

Built between 1957-62 at a right-angle to the ruins, the new cathedral attracted controversy for it's modern form, and yet some modernists argued that it didn't go far enough, after all there are echoes of the Gothic style in the great stone-mullioned windows of the nave and the net vaulting (actually a free-standing canopy) within. What is exceptional is the way art has been used as such an integral part of the building, a watershed moment, revolutionising the concept of religious art in Britain.

 

Spence employed some of the biggest names in contemporary art to contribute their vision to his; the exterior is adorned with Jacob Epstein's triumphant bronze figures of Archangel Michael (patron of the cathedral) vanquishing the Devil. At the entrance is the remarkable glass wall, engraved by John Hutton with strikingly stylised figures of saints and angels, and allowing the interior of the new to communicate with the ruin. Inside, the great tapestry of Christ in majesty surrounded by the evangelistic creatures, draws the eye beyond the high altar; it was designed by Graham Sutherland and was the largest tapestry ever made.

 

However one of the greatest features of Coventry is it's wealth of modern stained glass, something Spence resolved to include having witnessed the bleakness of Chartres Cathedral in wartime, all it's stained glass having been removed. The first window encountered on entering is the enormous 'chess-board' baptistry window filled with stunning abstract glass by John Piper & Patrick Reyntiens, a symphony of glowing colour. The staggered nave walls are illuminated by ten narrow floor to ceiling windows filled with semi-abstract symbolic designs arranged in pairs of dominant colours (green, red, multi-coloured, purple/blue and gold) representing the souls journey to maturity, and revealed gradually as one approaches the altar. This amazing project was the work of three designers lead by master glass artist Lawrence Lee of the Royal College of Art along with Keith New and Geoffrey Clarke (each artist designed three of the windows individually and all collaborated on the last).

 

The cathedral still dazzles the visitor with the boldness of it's vision, but alas, half a century on, it was not a vision to be repeated and few of the churches and cathedrals built since can claim to have embraced the synthesis of art and architecture in the way Basil Spence did at Coventry.

 

The cathedral is generally open to visitors most days. For more see below:-

www.coventrycathedral.org.uk/

The Postcard

 

A postally unused carte postale that was published by Les Éditions d'Art Yvon of 15, Rue Martel, Paris. The card, which is a glossy real photograph, was produced in France.

 

Although the card was not posted, someone has written a message in French on the divided back of the card, the translation of which is as follows:

 

"5 - 2 - 45.

I wish that you were here

with me, to see Paris which

is a marvellous city and I

hope that you will love it

soon.

I will perhaps write tomorrow

if I have time, but for now

Cheerio.

Don't forget your Yolande.

All my love and xxx

Please give my love to

your family".

 

The Avenue des Champs-Élysées

 

The Avenue des Champs-Élysées is an avenue in the 8th. arrondissement of Paris, France. The avenue is 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) long and 70 metres (230 ft) wide, and it runs between the Place de la Concorde in the east and the Place Charles de Gaulle in the west, where the Arc de Triomphe is located.

 

The avenue is known for its theatres, cafés and luxury shops, also the finish of the Tour de France cycling race, as well as for its annual Bastille Day military parade.

 

The name is French for the Elysian Fields, the place for dead heroes in Greek mythology. It is commonly regarded as:

 

"The most beautiful avenue

in the whole world".

 

The avenue runs from the Place de la Concorde in the east, with the Obelisk of Luxor, to the Place Charles de Gaulle (formerly the Place de l'Étoile) in the west, location of the Arc de Triomphe. The Champs-Élysées forms part of the Axe Historique.

 

The lower part of the Champs-Élysées, from the Place de la Concorde to the Rond-Point, runs through the Jardin des Champs-Élysées, a park which contains the Grand Palais, the Petit Palais, the Théâtre Marigny, alongside several restaurants, gardens and monuments.

 

The Élysée Palace on the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré—official residence of the President of the French Republic—borders the park, but is not on the Avenue itself.

 

The Champs-Élysées ends at the Arc de Triomphe, built to honour the victories of Napoléon Bonaparte.

 

History of the Avenue des Champs Élysées

 

Until the reign of Louis XIV, the land where the Champs-Élysées runs today was largely occupied by fields and kitchen gardens.

 

The Champs-Élysées and its gardens were originally laid out in 1667 by André Le Nôtre as an extension of the Tuileries Garden, the gardens of the Tuileries Palace, which had been built in 1564, and which Le Nôtre had rebuilt in his own formal style for Louis XIV in 1664.

 

Le Nôtre planned a wide promenade between the palace and the modern Rond Point, lined with two rows of elm trees on either side, and flowerbeds in the symmetrical style of the French formal garden.

 

The new boulevard was called the "Grand Cours", or "Grand Promenade". It did not take the name of Champs-Élysées until 1709.

 

In 1710 the avenue was extended beyond the Rond-Point as far as the modern Place de l'Étoile. In 1765 the garden was remade in the Le Nôtre style by Abel François Poisson, the marquis de Marigny, brother of the Madame de Pompadour and Director-General of the King's Buildings. Marigny extended the avenue again in 1774 as far as the modern Porte Maillot.

 

In 1846, Prince Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, the future Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, lived for a brief period in lodgings just off Lord Street, Southport, UK. It is claimed the street was the inspiration for the Champs-Élysées. For a view of Lord Street, please search for the tag 47SLS49

 

Between 1854 and 1870, Napoléon III orchestrated the reconstruction of the French capital. The medieval centre of the city was demolished and replaced with broad tree-lined boulevards, covered walkways and arcades.

 

By the late 19th. century, the Champs-Élysées had become a fashionable avenue; the trees on either side had grown enough to form rectangular groves (cabinets de verdure).

 

The gardens of the town houses of the nobility built along the Faubourg Saint-Honoré backed onto the formal gardens. The grandest of the private mansions near the Avenue was the Élysée Palace, a private residence which during the Third French Republic became the official residence of the Presidents of France.

 

Following the French Revolution, two equestrian statues, made in 1745 by Nicolas and Guillaume Coustou, were transferred from the former royal palace at Marly and placed at the beginning of the boulevard and park.

 

After the downfall of Napoleon and the restoration of the French monarchy, the trees had to be replanted, because the occupation armies of the Russians, British and Prussians during the Hundred Days had camped in the park and used the trees for firewood.

 

The avenue from the Rond-Point to the Étoile was built up during the Empire. The Champs-Élysées itself became city property in 1828, and footpaths, fountains, and, later, gas lighting were added.

 

In 1834, under King Louis Philippe I, the architect Mariano Ruiz de Chavez was commissioned to redesign the Place de la Concorde and the gardens of the Champs-Élysées.

 

He kept the formal gardens and flowerbeds essentially intact, but turned the garden into a sort of outdoor amusement park, with a summer garden café, the Alcazar d'Été, two restaurants, the Ledoyen and the Restaurant de l'Horloge.

 

Mariano also built a theater, the Lacaze; the Panorama, built in 1839, where large historical paintings were displayed, and the Cirque d'Été (1841), a large hall for popular theater, musical and circus performances.

 

He also placed several ornamental fountains around the park, of which three are still in place.

 

A major monument of the Boulevard, the Arc de Triomphe, had been commissioned by Napoleon after his victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, but it was not finished when he fell from power in 1815. The monument remained unfinished until 1833–1836, when it was completed by King Louis Philippe.

 

In 1855 Emperor Napoleon III selected the park at the beginning of the avenue as the site of the first great international exposition to be held in Paris, the Exposition Universelle.

 

The park was the location of the Palace of Industry, a giant exhibit hall which covered thirty thousand square meters, where the Grand Palais is today.

 

In 1858, following the Exposition, the Emperor's prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, had the gardens transformed from a formal French garden into a picturesque English style garden, based on the town of Southport, with groves of trees, flowerbeds and winding paths. The rows of elm trees, which were in poor health, were replaced by rows of chestnut trees.

 

The park served again as an exposition site during the Universal Exposition of 1900; it became the home of the Grand Palais and Petit Palais.

 

It also became the home of a new panorama theater, designed by Gabriel Davioud, the chief architect of Napoleon III, in 1858. The modern theater Marigny was built by Charles Garnier, architect of the Paris Opera, in 1883.

 

Throughout its history, the avenue has been the site of military parades.The most notorious were the victory parades of German troops in 1871 and again in 1940 celebrating the Fall of France on the 14th. July 1940.

 

The three most joyous were the parades celebrating the Allied victory in the Great War in 1919, and the parades of Free French and American forces after the liberation of the city -- respectively, the French 2nd. Armored Division on the 25th. August 1944, and the US 28th. Infantry Division on the 29th. August 1944.

 

Champs Élysées Events

 

Every year on Bastille Day on the 14th. July, the largest military parade in Europe passes down the Champs-Élysées, reviewed by the President of the Republic.

 

Every year during Advent, Christmastide, and Epiphany, the Champs-Élysées Committee contributes to the holiday season by lighting of the Champs-Élysées. This generally occurs from late November until early January.

 

From 1975 to 2023, the last stage of the Tour de France cycling race has finished on the Champs-Élysées. The subsequent awards ceremony also takes place directly on the avenue.

 

In 1995, terror attacks by Algerian militants took place in France; one attack took place at the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées, wounding 17 individuals.

 

Huge gatherings occasionally take place on the Champs-Élysées in celebration of popular events, such as New Year's Eve, or when France won the FIFA World Cups in 1998 and 2018. The Champs-Élysées has also occasionally been the site of large political protest meetings.

 

On the 20th. April 2017, a police officer was shot dead on the Champs-Élysées by an extremist, and two other officers were injured. They were all sitting in a parked police van, when the attacker pulled up in front of the van.

 

The attacker tried to shoot civilians (including a tourist), and was immediately shot dead by other police on the spot. The shooting happened two days before the first round of voting in the 2017 French presidential election.

 

On the 19th. June 2017, a suspected terrorist drove a munitions-laden car into a police vehicle on the Champs-Élysées. The attacker was then shot dead.

 

On the 16th. March 2019, Gilets Jaunes protests on the Champs-Élysées erupted into violence. A portion of the 10,000 protesters in the city, about 1,500 people, looted and/or set on fire some 80 shops, restaurants, a bank, and newspaper kiosks along the avenue.

 

Problems and Redesign

 

The Champs-Élysées has encountered rising problems with air pollution from the estimated 3,000 vehicles per hour which drive through its eight lanes. It is more polluted than the Périphérique ring road which encircles the city, with nitrogen dioxide levels twice as high as the recommended limit set by the World Health Organization.

 

Since 2016, the avenue has been closed to motor traffic on the first Sunday of every month, in an effort to cut pollution in the city.

 

A 2019 article in The Guardian stated that:

 

"The Avenue has more and more visitors,

and big name businesses battle to be on it,

but to French people it’s looking worn out”'.

 

The avenue has also become mainly a tourist attraction, which Parisians largely avoid. According to the architect Philippe Chiambaretta, 72% of the 100,000 pedestrians who visited the Champs-Élysées each day in 2019 were tourists, and another 22% worked there.

 

At the beginning of 2021, the Mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, announced that the city would transform the Champs-Élysées into an "extraordinary garden" which will reduce the space for auto traffic by half, add more pedestrian space, and create "tunnels of trees" for improved air quality.

 

A walkway will connect over 200 acres of green space stretching between the Arc de Triomphe, the Place de la Concorde, and the Tuileries Gardens.

 

The city intends to adopt the plans formulated by the Champs-Élysées Committee, which has been campaigning for a redesign of the avenue since 2018 and which held a public consultation as to what the redesign should include.

 

The plans are meant to make the avenue more "ecological, desirable and inclusive", and will cost an estimated €250 million. It will include a redesign of the Place de la Concorde as well. The work will not begin in earnest before the 2024 Summer Olympics are held in Paris, but the goal is to complete the project by 2030.

 

Ravensbrück Concentration Camp

 

So what else happened on the day that Yolande wrote the card?

 

Well, Monday the 5th. February 1945 marked the death of Denise Bloch aged 29, Lilian Rolfe aged 30, and Violette Szabo aged 23.

 

They were French secret agents who were executed by the Nazis in the Ravensbrück Concentration Camp. Details of their passing are not known, but it is believed that they were either shot or hung.

 

Ecuador

 

Also on that day, Ecuador declared war on Japan.

Nebelhorn cable car - Nebelhornbahn

 

The Nebelhorn cable car is executed in three sections cableway to the Nebelhorn, a mountain in the Allgäu Alps. On well 5.7 kilometers in length, it overcomes a height difference of about 1400 meters. It was built in 1928-1930 and 1977 and renewed in 1991 and is operated by the listed Nebelhorn cable car AG. Major shareholders of Nebelhorn cable car AG, Bayerische lifts mbH (a subsidiary of Lechwerke AG, Augsburg; share 26.86%), the Kleinwalsertaler Mountain Railroad, Inc. (26.01%) and the market town of Oberstdorf (25.21%

 

- - - - - - - - - -

 

Die Nebelhornbahn ist eine in drei Sektionen ausgeführte Luftseilbahn auf das Nebelhorn, einem Berggipfel in den Allgäuer Alpen. Auf gut 5,7 Kilometern Länge überwindet sie eine Höhendifferenz von etwa 1400 Metern. Sie wurde zwischen 1928 und 1930 errichtet und 1977 bzw. 1991 erneuert und wird von der börsennotierten Nebelhornbahn AG betrieben. Hauptaktionäre der Nebelhornbahn AG sind die Bayerische Bergbahnen Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH (eine Tochter der Lechwerke AG, Augsburg; Anteil 26,86 % ), die Kleinwalsertaler Bergbahn AG (26,01 %) und die Marktgemeinde Oberstdorf (25,21 %)

- wikipedia -

  

violation of copyright will be

prosecuted

 

illegales downloaden meiner Bilder wird

automatisch strafrechtlich verfolgt

  

© 09-2013 by

Richard von Lenzano

#Mémoire2cité au coeur de la #rénovationurbaine en département #LOIRE 42 @ #SAINTETIENNE #MONTCHOVET le #Logement Collectif #Cité #Mémoire2Ville #Quartier #HLM dans tous ses états.. #Histoire & #Mémoire de l'#Habitat / #oru / #RenouvellementUrbain / #Urbanisme 60s la fin du #Batiment E Rue Pierre Loti #demolition au 18 mai 2021 #Anru 2 twitter.com/Memoire2cite #villedesaintetienne #loire #forez #saintetienne Rue PIERRE LOTI #Mémoire2cité #Mémoire2Ville #saintetienne #sainté #quartier #banlieue #populaire desamiantage du bat e à #Montchovet au 26 avril 2021 @ un destin tragique.. Sur 7 barres que comprenait l ensemble il n en restera que 2 en 2022. #Mémoire2cité au coeur de la rénovation urbaine en département LOIRE 42 @ ST-ETIENNE MONTCHOVET PREFABRICATION MASSIVE Le temps des cites modernes et souvent d'HLM....Domy z panelu (1959) - 1er court métrage du cinéaste tchèque Jiří Menzel - Un documentaire sur la construction des logements préfabriqués Paneláky Prefabricated Houses. A student work by Jiří Menzel, filmed during his second year at the FAMU film school.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-2hXxJUn74 Domy z panelu (Jirí Menzel, 1959) Prefabricated Houses. A student work by Jiří Menzel, filmed during his second year at the FAMU film school. les grands chantiers 1955 1960s 42 SAINT-ETIENNE QUARTIERS SUD EST @ LES CITES MODERNES DE BEAULIEU 1953-1973 @ BEAULIEU3 MONTCHOVET @ Architectes M GOUYON M HUR M CLEMENT M MAUHAUDIER - La Muraille de Chine en construction içi en 1963 @ Il y avait l'idée de faire le plus grand nombre possible de logements confortables ; dans le délai le plus rapide possible ; au coût le plus bas possible. Il y avait quand même l’idée comme ça d’une prouesse dans le domaine du logement social.42 St-Etienne Montchovet la muraille Mais dans les années 80, le quartier change. Banlieue à problèmes, zone de non-droit, autant d’étiquettes qui collent à la muraille au gré des faits divers, des voitures brûlent, des policiers patrouillent, des jeunes traînent, et puis le bâtiment a vieilli. Les locataires le désertent. En 85, le quartier s’offre un lifting de 120 millions de francs, mais les problèmes persistent. Alors en 95…On a fait le constat qu’il n’y avait pas eu possibilité de réhabiliter dans de bonnes conditions. Qu’on avait connu l’échec de réhabilitation, d’une façon tout à fait naturelle. J’en ai conclu qu’il ne fallait pas obliger les gens à vivre dans ce type d’habitat. Qu’il ne fallait pas remplir de force une telle muraille. Et donc, la conclusion s’imposait d’elle-même, il fallait démolir. Cette démolition permet de mettre un terme aux 4 millions de francs de perte annuelle générés par les logements vides...Ça coûte un bâtiment inoccupé. Début 97, la moitié du bâtiment était vide. Donc, sur 500 logements, nous avions 250 logements vacants. Mais pour certains riverains, cette logique comptable n’efface pas une profonde nostalgie, la muraille est l’emblème du quartier...La muraille de Chine, ça fait des années qu’elle existe. Je veux dire, c’est elle qui fait, quand on parle du quartier on parle toujours tout de suite de la muraille de chine...C’est triste quand même de voir le bâtiment qui va tomber, voilà ! C’est comme si on enterrait une personne hein ! C’est une page du quartier qui se tourne, et c’est dommage...Il n'y aura plus de muraille mais dans notre coeur, il y aura toujours une muraille...Ce bâtiment, les stéphanois l’appellent la muraille de Chine. 540 logements, 2000 habitants, 48 mètres de haut pour 17 étages, 280 mètres de long. C’etait un véritable village vertical. C’etait aussi le symbole du quartier de Montchovet, mais c’est un symbole condamné, c’est en effet la plus grande barre de logement d’Europe qui doit être détruite en une seule fois. La muraille a été construite en pleine crise du logement. En 65, ce bâtiment offre tt le confort moderne : salle de bains, chauffage central, ascenseur. Il est pris d’assaut par les locataires, tout comme les 4000 autres logements neufs construits au sud-est de Saint-Etienne...https://m.ina.fr/.../demolition-de-la-muraille-de-chine... Alors, au niveau de la préparation de ce chantier, les principales phases furent le désamiantage des façades qui représentaient 32 000 m² de matériaux non friables. Ensuite, est venu le temps de la déconstruction des appartements où on a retiré les planchers bois, les portes, tout ce qui était impropre à la mise en décharge. La troisième phase fut la déconstruction mécanique et l’affaiblissement mécanique des structures. La quatrième phase fut la foration, on a foré environ 3600 mètres linéaires de trous pour mettre les explosifs. La dernière phase qui est en cours de réalisation est la mise en place des protections, c’est bien sûr les voiles intérieurs ainsi que sur les voiles extérieurs afin d’éviter les projections...La muraille, une fois détruite, laissera un vide de plus de 4 ha au cœur de Montchovet. L’avenir de ce quartier est déjà tracé dans les cartons des architectes, il est devenu médical... m.ina.fr/.../demolition-de-la-muraille-de-chine... Entre les années 50 et 60, et suite à la seconde guerre mondiale, la municipalité stéphanoise a vu sa population passée d’un peu moins de 180 000 habitants en 1950 à plus de 200 000 habitants dix ans plus tard en 1960. Cette forte augmentation de la population pouvait s’expliquer par le fort taux de natalité de cette époque (baby-boom), mais aussi par l’afflux de travailleurs de la classe ouvrière venus dans la grande cité stéphanoise pour trouver un travail. De ce fait, la construction d’un logement sain pour chaque ouvrier était devenue une priorité absolue pour les élus qui considéraient à raison que cela était une condition vitale dans le cadre de ce grand développement. Pour ce faire, la ville a lancé dans les années 50 une vaste opération de construction de barres d’habitation dans la zone de Beaulieu, destinée à fournir un logement à une population grandissante. www.cimaise-architectes.com/.../lespace-beaulieu/ Des tours et des barres, voici les formes les plus courantes des bâtiments qui constituent les grands ensembles. On doit cette communauté de forme à l’industrialisation des procédés de construction et à l’imposition de normes et de plans types pour les appartements afi n de réduire les coûts de production, objectif constant des années 1950-1960. Ceci a conduit à privilégier des formes simples et l’usage du béton, qui accède alors à une véritable hégémonie. L’utilisation généralisée du chemin de grue est également pointée comme explication de l’orthogonalité des plans et d’une extrême uniformisation. La forme des grands ensembles est également liée à l’influence du Mouvement moderne en architecture et à une conception urbaine nouvelle. Il y a dans les Trente Glorieuses une volonté d’inventer la ville et même la vie. La forme urbaine du grand ensemble est conçue en rupture avec l’environnement immédiat, avec une organisation propre et autonome du nouveau quartier. C’est d’ailleurs cette rupture qui rend si facilement identifi ables les grands ensembles sur les vues aériennes. L es architectes et urbanistes veulent libérer l’espace au sol pour mieux organiser la relation entre immeuble et espace vert. Le plan des grands ensembles est en général orthogonal avec des immeubles en périphérie laissant au centre un espace planté, le fameux espace vert des plans masses. Cette forme architecturale et urbaine a pu concentrer les critiques. On reproche le gigantisme, la monotonie, mais aussi l’absence de véritables espaces publics. Les grands ensembles ont globalement été édifiés sur des parcelles agricoles ou maraîchères, faute de réserves foncières suffi santes en ville. Ils sont aussi parfois construits dans les vides du tissu urbain laissés par les lotissements pavillonnaires. Dans de nombreux cas, ils sont situés aux franges des villes, parfois à cheval sur deux communes qui ne souhaitaient pas forcément travailler ensemble. Ceci a encore un impact aujourd’hui sur la réussite des projets de transformation qui peut dépendre du niveau de coopération des communes concernées. Par souci d’économie, certaines opérations ont été réalisées à proximité de zones où devaient être construites des infrastructures telles qu’une autoroute ou un échangeur, ce qui a accentué encore la fracture avec les quartiers plus anciens de la commune, le centre-ville et ses services. De plus, les grands ensembles sont souvent implantés à l’écart des transports en commun. En région parisienne, cela s’améliorera avec la création du District ( 1961 ) et des villes nouvelles ( 1965 ) qui permet le financement des réseaux de transport en commun et des autoroutes. Certaines municipalités se sont montrées très volontaires pour accueillir des grands ensembles, mais l’État en a aussi imposé à des petites communes qui n’en voulaient pas. Pour celles-ci, les évolutions urbaines, démographiques et économiques consécutives ont parfois provoqué de véritables séismes. Suivant leur envergure, les nouveaux quartiers ont pu submerger les anciens bourgs et faire basculer les territoires du rural à l’urbain à une vitesse fulgurante... Dans les années 1950, les logements sont rares, surpeuplés et souséquipés. En 1954, la plupart ne disposent ni de sanitaires, ni de wc intérieurs et à peine la moitié ont l’eau courante. Avec la construction des grands ensembles, en 1975 la quasi-totalité des logements ont l’eau courante, 75 % l’eau chaude et une installation nsanitaire complète avec wc intérieurs. Enfin, moins de 5 % des logements sont surpeuplés. On comprend alors que les grands ensembles incarnent une modernité bienfaisante pour les mallogés qui y emménagent. Cependant, l’économie de moyensn dans la construction a été telle que les problèmes liés aux malfaçons arrivent vite. De plus, les bâtiments mal entretenus s’abîment avant même que tous les équipements soient terminés. Aux défauts de construction et d’entretien s’ajoute la faiblesse des équipements collectifs. Les nouveaux résidents déchantent. Malgré tout, des sociabilités s’organisent, autour de la cage d’escalier, du chemin de l’école, de la vie associative et de fêtes ou manifestations culturelles et sportives. la fête de grand vaux à savignysur-orge. Jusqu’à la fi n des années 1970, des événements et fêtes organisés dans le quartier drainent des habitants de toute la commune, voire au-delà. Grand Vaux est alors presque un second centre-ville. @ 1975 13 le grand ensemble de sarcelles. Le terme «sarcellite » est inventé en 1962 pour désigner le mal des grands ensembles, une sorte de dépression dont seraient victimes les habitants. Cette soi-disant maladie de l’habitat moderne fait de Sarcelles le symbole des grands ensembles français. 1961 villagexpo à saint-michel sur-orge. Des concours visant à abaisser le coût du logement individuel ( Villagexpo en 1966, Chalandonnettes en 1969 ) sont lancés par le ministère de l’Équipement et du Logement. Le renouveau pavillonnaire encouragé par l’État témoigne du discrédit parallèle des grands ensembles. 1966 15 À peine les premiers habitants installés, journalistes, sociologues et autres experts viennent enquêter sur la vie dans les grands ensembles. Les uns sont séduits par leur modernité. Les autres, de plus en plus nombreux, dénoncent le mal des grands ensembles, leur taille et leur monotonie. La critique architecturale et sociale enfle et la circulaire Guichard met fin à leur construction le 21 mars 1973. L’ère du pavillonnaire prend le relais...MONTCHOVET MAI 2000 Au départ conçue pour loger les classes moyennes, la "Muraille de Chine" a accueilli, à partir des années 1970, de plus en plus de populations immigrées. Malgré plusieurs réhabilitations, elle était devenue, à l'instar d'autres quartiers défavorisés, le symbole de l'échec de la politique du logement, avec la ghettoïsation des populations pauvres et immigrées. Quatre mois de préparation avaient été nécessaires avant que, ce 27 mai 2000, les 600 kilos d’explosifs foudroient, en quelques secondes, la "Muraille de Chine". Il avait fallu ensuite plusieurs jours pour évacuer les 80.000 tonnes de gravats. Depuis 2005, l'Hôpital privé de la Loire (HPL) a été édifié à l'emplacement même du bâtiment. Éclairage

Au sud-est de la ville de Saint-Etienne, le quartier d'habitation de Beaulieu-Montchovet est construit entre 1953 et 1971. En 1964, la troisième tranche dénommée « Beaulieu III » donne lieu à la réalisation du plus grand bâtiment d'habitation en Europe. Surnommé « la muraille de chine » en raison de son gigantisme, il est détruit par dynamitage en 2000. Son histoire est profondément inscrite dans le contexte de la politique du logement en France.Grâce à son bassin charbonnier, au développement de l'industrie textile et à sa manufacture d'armes, l'essor de la ville de Saint-Etienne bénéficie de la révolution industrielle du XIXe siècle. Forte de cet héritage, elle a conservé son dynamisme économique jusqu'au milieu du XXe siècle. Important centre militaro-industriel durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Saint-Etienne est touchée par plusieurs bombardements. Ces destructions ont accentué la crise du logement dues aux profondes mutations de l'après-guerre qui concentrent la population dans les grands centres urbains et industriels. C'est dans ce contexte que la ville de Saint-Etienne décide de construire un quartier neuf afin de loger près de 30 000 habitants dans près de 4 600 logements. Le quartier Beaulieu-Montchovet est proche du centre ville. Il est situé sur une zone dont le sous-sol n'était pas fragilisé par la présence d'anciennes mines de charbons, ce qui autorisait la construction d'immeubles importants. La réalisation de la Muraille de Chine est très comparable à celles qui voient le jour dans le cadre de la politique des Zones à Urbaniser en Priorité (ZUP) initiée en 1959. Des quartiers nouveaux ont vu le jour, en principe avec des commerces et des équipements, constituant ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler des « grands ensembles ». A Saint-Étienne, au cœur du quartier de Beaulieu-Montchovet, la « Muraille de Chine » s'ajoute à des ensembles déjà construits. D'une hauteur de 48 mètres, le bâtiment est parfaitement rectiligne afin de rationaliser la construction. Les grues peuvent se déplacer sur des rails tout le long de la « barre », terme qui désigne ces grands immeubles. Il est composé de 19 étages sur 270 mètres de long et abrite 450 logements. L'armature en béton armé et les éléments standardisés permettent une construction rapide et compétitive. Le confort moderne des appartements n'est pas le seul atout de cet immeuble, les infrastructures du quartier suivent l'évolution de la population : équipements sportifs, centre commercial et collège complètent le dispositif et, à l'origine, la demande des familles est forte pour ce bâtiment imposant, symbole de modernité.

Après les années 1970, Saint-Etienne connaît une crise économique, le charbon est concurrencé par le pétrole, les industries locales sont en déclin et la démographie fléchit. Les grandes opérations lancées dans les années 1950 et 1960 ont vieilli. La « Muraille de Chine » n'est habitée qu'à moitié et la ville peine à entretenir cet ensemble. Malgré plusieurs opérations de réhabilitation dont la dernière lancée dans le cadre du programme « Banlieues 89 » (Roland Castro), elle devient le symbole des difficultés économiques et sociales : fort taux de chômage, exclusion et délinquance. La concentration en un même lieu d'une population défavorisée et touchée par le chômage fait sentir ses effets. De nouvelles politiques de la ville voient le jour. Elles prônent une mixité sociale qui s'oppose à la ségrégation qui résultait de la politique de ZUP. Impuissante à renverser cette évolution générale, la ville décide la destruction de l'immeuble. Ces opérations de destruction apparaissent au début des années 1970 aux Etats-Unis ; elles sont imitées à Villeurbanne en 1978 pour la cité Olivier de Serres, même si en France, jusqu'au milieu des années 1990, l'État a le plus souvent privilégié une politique de réhabilitation. Le 27 mai 2000 les derniers habitants de la Muraille de Chine sont évacués, l'autoroute est barrée et le quartier bouclé par les forces de l'ordre : à 13 heures précises a lieu la plus grosse opération de démolition jamais réalisée en Europe @ Ce bâtiment, les stéphanois l’appellent la muraille de Chine. 500 logements, 2000 habitants, 48 mètres de haut pour 17 étages, 280 mètres de long. C’est un véritable village vertical. C’est aussi le symbole du quartier de Montchovet, mais c’est un symbole condamné, c’est en effet la plus grande barre de logement d’Europe qui doit être détruite en une seule fois. La muraille a été construite en pleine crise du logement. En 1965, ce bâtiment offre tout le confort moderne : salle de bains, chauffage central, ascenseur. Il est pris d’assaut par les locataires, tout comme les 4000 autres logements neufs construits au sud-est de Saint-Etienne. Il y avait l'idée de faire le plus grand nombre possible de logements confortables ; dans le délai le plus rapide possible ; au coût le plus bas possible. Il y avait quand même l’idée comme ça d’une prouesse dans le domaine du logement social. Mais dans les années 80, le quartier change. Banlieue à problèmes, zone de non-droit, autant d’étiquettes qui collent à la muraille au gré des faits divers, des voitures brûlent, des policiers patrouillent, des jeunes traînent, et puis le bâtiment a vieilli. Les locataires le désertent. En 85, le quartier s’offre un lifting de 120 millions de francs, mais les problèmes persistent. Alors en 95… On a fait le constat qu’il n’y avait pas eu possibilité de réhabiliter dans de bonnes conditions. Qu’on avait connu l’échec de réhabilitation, d’une façon tout à fait naturelle. J’en ai conclu qu’il ne fallait pas obliger les gens à vivre dans ce type d’habitat. Qu’il ne fallait pas remplir de force une telle muraille. Et donc, la conclusion s’imposait d’elle-même, il fallait démolir. Cette démolition permet de mettre un terme aux 4 millions de francs de perte annuelle générés par les logements vides. Ça coûte un bâtiment inoccupé. Début 97, la moitié du bâtiment était vide. Donc, sur 500 logements, nous avions 250 logements vacants. Mais pour certains riverains, cette logique comptable n’efface pas une profonde nostalgie, la muraille est l’emblème du quartier. La muraille de Chine, ça fait des années qu’elle existe. Je veux dire, c’est elle qui fait, quand on parle du quartier on parle toujours tout de suite de la muraille de chine. C’est triste quand même de voir le bâtiment qui va tomber, voilà ! C’est comme si on enterrait une personne hein ! C’est une page du quartier qui se tourne, et c’est dommage. Il n'y aura plus de muraille mais dans notre coeur, il y aura toujours une muraille. Depuis le 24 janvier, une cinquantaine d’ouvriers travaillent à la déconstruction de ce bâtiment. Aujourd’hui, tout est prêt pour l’explosion. Alors Monsieur Arnaud, quelles ont été les différentes phases de ce chantier ? Alors, au niveau de la préparation de ce chantier, les principales phases furent le désamiantage des façades qui représentaient 32 000 m² de matériaux non friables. Ensuite, est venu le temps de la déconstruction des appartements où on a retiré les planchers bois, les portes, tout ce qui était impropre à la mise en décharge. La troisième phase fut la déconstruction mécanique et l’affaiblissement mécanique des structures. La quatrième phase fut la foration, on a foré environ 3600 mètres linéaires de trous pour mettre les explosifs. La dernière phase qui est en cours de réalisation est la mise en place des protections, c’est bien sûr les voiles intérieurs ainsi que sur les voiles extérieurs afin d’éviter les projections. Un périmètre de sécurité de 150 m sera mis en place autour du chantier, l’autoroute sera fermée samedi entre 11 heures et 14 heures. Un millier de riverains seront évacués et 300 CRS et policiers assureront la sécurité du public pendant l’opération de foudroyage. La phase ultime sera le tir, et ensuite le traitement des matériaux au sol. Les 23 000 m3 de béton seront évacués en deux mois. La muraille, une fois détruite, laissera un vide de plus de 4 ha au cœur de Montchovet. L’avenir de ce quartier est déjà tracé dans les cartons des architectes, il sera médical. Notre projet c’est de construire une clinique de 251 lits qui est constituée du regroupement de 3 cliniques existantes à Saint-Etienne. Il y aura une maternité, il y aura également un service de médecine, et puis un service de chirurgie comme ça existe dans la plupart des cliniques privées. Avec 16 salles d’opération et 150 médecins, ce centre hospitalier sera le plus important pôle de santé privé de Rhône-Alpes. Les travaux commenceront en septembre pour s’achever en janvier 2002. Ils coûteront 250 millions de francs. On a choisi ce quartier parce que nous pensions que c’est un beau quartier qui est extrêmement bien situé ; duquel il y a une vue qui est très belle, quand on est monté dans la muraille de Chine, on le sait. Que d’autre part, pour un établissement de santé, c’est à proximité de l’autoroute ; donc avec des facilités d’accès pour les patients extrêmement importants, qui feront que cet établissement sera vu quand on passera devant, et qu’on pourra y accéder facilement. 40 ans après la construction de la muraille, l’ambition de la municipalité est d'effacer la difficile réputation du quartier de Montchovet, par un vaste réaménagement urbain ; avec à l’horizon 2003, une nouvelle ligne de tramway, deux maisons de convalescence, et un aménagement paysager. Le samedi 27 mai à 13 heures 01, la muraille de Chine s’effondrera sur elle-même en 15 secondes. Nous serons là pour vous montrer ce moment crucial dans la vie du quartier et qui changera définitivement le visage de Saint-Etienne. En France, la préfabrication va tout d'abord se développer dans le contexte de pénurie générale de la Libération. Dans un second temps, l'opération des « 4 000 logements de la région parisienne » en 1953 inaugure la généralisation de la préfabrication pour la construction des grands ensembles de logements en France. Le Bonheur est dans le béton - 2015 Documentaire réalisé par Lorenz Findeisen produit par Les Films du Tambour de Soie Le logement préfabriqué, victime de son succès en France, fut exporté en Europe de l’Est. Qui se souvient aujourd’hui que ces logements symboles de progrès devinrent, en pleine guerre froide, la marque de fabrique du collectivisme ? Jacqueline a 50 ans et vit à la cité des Courtillières à Pantin. Elle se souvient lorsque, enfant, elle quitta avec ses parents le « une pièce parisien » sans commodités pour un appartement spacieux et moderne dans cette cité. La cité des Courtillières est alors une cité pilote, censée réaliser le rêve d’une vie nouvelle dans une France qui manquait à la Libération cruellement de logements.

Comme tant d’autres Jacqueline enfant ignorait qu’elle devait à Raymond Camus architecte génial, créateur du panneau en béton préfabriqué, cette invention qui promettait un futur radieux pour tous. Sydney, voisin de Jacqueline, se remémore lui, les bus remplis d’architectes venus d’Union soviétique pour visiter sa cité…

La marque de fabrique du collectivisme

Le logement préfabriqué victime de son succès en France est exporté en Europe de l’Est. Qui se souvient aujourd’hui que ces logements symboles de progrès devinrent en pleine guerre froide, la marque de fabrique du collectivisme ? Pour Julie, à Prague, ou Susanna à Berlin Est, l’arrivée du préfabriqué dans leur vie revêt une toute autre signification. Utopies sociales, idéologies politiques et avant-garde architecturale commencent à se mélanger. Le rêve du bonheur tourne vite au cauchemar…

En République tchèque, l’antique ville de Most est détruite pour des raisons économiques pour être reconstruite grâce au panneau de béton. Au travers d’archives inédites et de témoignages des habitants, l’histoire incroyable de panneau en béton se raconte pour la première fois de Paris à Moscou, de 1950 à nos jours.

Documentaire réalisé par Lorenz Findeisen, produit par Les Films du Tambour de Soie www.dailymotion.com/video/x413amo @

Petite histoire de la préfabrication

Les violentes destructions de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ont contraint une bonne partie des pays européens à trouver des solutions inédites concernant la reconstruction.

« Les guerres sont par exemple d’importants accélérateurs de l’industrialisation du bâtiment pour deux raisons au moins. La première est que l’industrie d’armement se recycle logiquement dans la production civile après les conflits ; la deuxième est que les territoires dévastés par les destructions, comprenant des villes entières, sont à reconstruire. » Franz Graf

L’originalité de la première phase de ces reconstructions réside dans la dynamique expérimentale initiée par les gouvernements européens autour de la préfabrication, ainsi que l’explique Franz Graf [2] dans l’introduction référencée de l’ouvrage.

Elain Harwood met en lumière les programmes de logements publics préfabriqués en Angleterre et Nick Bullock présente un focus sur les maisons-témoins préfabriquées de Northolt aux apparences ordinaires. Ce sont ces dernières qui vont inspirer le Ministère de la Reconstruction et de l’Urbanisme français pour ces chantiers expérimentaux de maisons préfabriquées.

L’Italie, de son côté, se basera sur les maisons de Northolt et la cité expérimentale de Noisy-le-Sec pour concevoir le QT8 à Milan, laboratoire où sont construits des maisons-prototypes en relation avec la Triennale, ainsi que l’explique Francesca Albani. Les deux contributions consacrées à l’Allemagne de Steeve Sabatto et Silke Langenberg s’attachent plus spécifiquement à la dimension technique et aux systèmes constructifs inventés par Konrad Wachsmann en collaboration avec Walter Gropius et Helmut Spieker, semble-t-il sans lien avec les autres pays européens.

Suite aux expérimentations, chacun des pays prend des voies sensiblement différentes vers le logement de masse. Si les prefabs anglais demeurent un élément caractéristique du paysage national, la construction traditionnelle, tout aussi rentable économiquement sera préférée. Le recours à la préfabrication concernera, avec davantage de bonheur, les écoles anglaises. En France, à partir de 1954, l’État fixe aussi sa doctrine : la solution au manque de logement se trouve dans la préfabrication lourde, ouvrant la voie aux grands ensembles. Et l’Italie prendra finalement un tournant bien différent en opérant un retour décisif à des techniques artisanales, exécutées à pied d’œuvre, afin d’augmenter l’occupation ouvrière. Mais un défi, tant collectif que particulier, est aujourd’hui à relever : comment rénover le bâti préfabriqué existant ? Les solutions dépendront forcément « de la valeur que l’on attribue à un patrimoine, surtout s’il est considéré comme ordinaire et diffus » [3]. Ainsi que le démontrent les cas particuliers ici étudiés, il n’y a pas de réponse préfabriquée, mais des réflexions et des histoires captivantes autant que singulières. Les héros de l’industrialisation face à la patrimonialisation

Si les histoires architecturales racontées sont principalement européennes, il aurait été impensable, à propos de préfabrication, de ne pas mentionner les États-Unis et notamment un de ses représentants les plus populaires : Buckminster Fuller. Le texte de James Ashby [4] retrace l’aventure de la restauration de la maison Dymaxion (contraction en anglais de dynamic-maximum-tension), aujourd’hui exposée au musée Ford à Détroit. Cette maison devait « révolutionner l’industrie du logement après la Seconde Guerre mondiale » en proposant aux familles des habitations qui ne devaient pas dépasser le prix d’une Cadillac. Mais l’entreprise de Fuller fit faillite et il ne resta qu’un prototype, récupéré et transformé par l’un des investisseurs afin d’en faire son logement. Des décennies après, la maison est abandonnée et le bâti se dégrade : les héritiers finissent par faire don de la maison au musée en 1991. Mais six années vont encore s’écouler avant que le musée ne s’engage dans la restauration de la maison Dymaxion. Une équipe pluridisciplinaire va être constituée dans une démarche scientifique, avec pour défi complexe d’être au plus proche de l’authenticité d’une expérience architecturale inachevée. Portes du pavillon du centenaire de l’aluminium, page 107 du catalogue de vente Artcurial des 23 et 24 novembre 2010

Autre héros de la préfabrication, notre Jean Prouvé hexagonal. L’article de Richard Klein [5], « Le pavillon du centenaire de l’aluminium, un patrimoine en pièce », présente différents paradoxes patrimoniaux lié à cet édifice nomade, le caractère véhiculaire était bien souvent intrinsèque aux constructions de Prouvé. L’auteur part ici de la controverse apparue suite à la mise en vente d’un ensemble de portes et d’un panneau provenant du pavillon du centenaire de l’aluminium, construction protégée au titre des Monuments historiques. Outre les remarques concernant la place des collectionneurs de Prouvé, la question de l’intégrité de l’édifice est passionnante. En effet, le bâtiment, tel qu’il a été remonté à Villepinte, a été réduit par rapport à son implantation initiale. Dès lors, Richard Klein pose la question : « comment envisager la question de l’intégrité d’un édifice dont les dimensions peuvent être considérées comme variables ? »Les problèmes patrimoniaux liés à ce pavillon semblent sans fin, reflétant la complexité de la situation. Un dernier exemple : l’édifice s’étant déplacé de Lille à Villepinte, son périmètre de protection s’est-il déplacé avec lui ? Parmi les autres cas d’études intelligemment présentés : la construction inachevée de Claude Prouvé, véritable ruine de science-fiction ou encore les péripéties patrimoniales de la CAF du XVe arrondissement à Paris, « l’unique bâtiment en France qui a fait l’objet d’un déclassement du statut de Monument historique ». Dénouement

Face à des bâtiments qui ne correspondent plus aux besoins contemporains ou qui se sont dégradés avec le temps, la dernière partie de l’ouvrage présente des projets de réhabilitation, transformation, rénovation, adaptation et sauvegarde. Le SHAPE Village de la Faisanderie à Fontainebleau, la transformation de la tour Bois-le-Prêtre à Paris, la cité d’habitation de Droixhe en Belgique, les bâtiments des frères Honegger à Genève, les immeubles de Triemli à Zurich : autant de témoignages d’une nouvelle réception de cette architecture préfabriquée qui eut longtemps mauvaise presse mais dont les qualités architecturales sont désormais reconnues par les architectes. Beaucoup militent pour les transformer en respectant les projets initiaux. Ces derniers textes, plus courts et moins réflexifs ont néanmoins leur place, présentant les directions actuelles et les problématiques quant aux projets de transformations. À la fin de ce copieux ouvrage bien documenté, si les auteurs n’ont pas épuisé la question de la sauvegarde de l’architecture préfabriquée, certaines énigmes de cette histoire architecturale qui parcourt le XXe siècle jusqu’à aujourd’hui piquent la curiosité. Des contributions passionnantes et une grande cohérence dans le contenu donnent à l’histoire de la préfabrication des allures d’épopée architecturale. GRAF, Franz et DELEMONTEY, Yvan (dir.), Architecture industrialisée et préfabriquée : connaissance et sauvegarde, Éditions des Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, Laboratoire des Techniques de la Sauvegarde de l’Architecture Moderne, textes en anglais et en français, 2012 le Logement Collectif* dans tous ses états..Histoire & Mémoire de l'Habitat / Archives ANRU / Rétro Banlieue / Renouvellement Urbain / Urbanisme / HLM twitter.com/Memoire2cite URSS un film fantastique et commic du BTP @ Au grAnd Ensemble Sovietic vs le recommande des clichés de folie youtube.com/watch?v=F68bbzOOOdY&feature=emb_err_woyt Après 1945, les collines agricoles du sud-est de la ville connaissent un programme d’urbanisation de grande ampleur pour répondre à la crise du logement. Près de 4600 logements sociaux vont ainsi être construits en quatre tranches successives de 1953 à 1970 : Beaulieu, la Marandinière, Montchovet, la Métare et la Palle formant aujourd’hui les quartiers sud-est. Touché par la crise économique et urbaine de dingue, le secteur sud-est apparaît à la fin des années 1990 comme un espace monofonctionnel dédié en totalité à l’habitat locatif social et porté par un seul bailleur l'OPAC devenu Métropole Habitat. Bien que bénéficiant de nombreux atouts (accessibilité et environnement agréable...), le quartier souffre du gigantisme de son urbanisation et du manque de résidentialisation des unités d’habitation. Par une action en profondeur et dans la durée, la Ville de Saint-Étienne, à travers son Programme de Rénovation Urbaine (PRU), a amorcé une transformation durable du quartier depuis 1989 avec la 1ere demolition du programme à la rue Pierre Loti le 31 janvier 1989 (BANLIEUE89), 30 ans de renouvellement urbain sur la ville.... une ville pilote en la matiere des 1990. Aujourd'hui et demain Les quartiers sud-est vont poursuivre leur mutation, avec l’appui continu de l’Agence Nationale de Rénovation Urbaine et ses partenaires l'ANRU2. Développer le secteur économique L'objectif est de dynamiser l’économie dans ce territoire en portant de nouveaux projets et en restructurant l’offre commerciale de proximité. La Ville de Saint-Étienne a prévu la création de nouvelles zones d’activités permettant l’accueil d’entreprises. Ainsi une zone d’activités économiques, rue Pierre Loti, répondra aux besoins fonciers des entreprises et des artisans locaux. Ce projet de zone économique, en visibilité directe de la RN 88, permettra l’implantation d’une cinquantaine d’entreprises et la création de 300 emplois. Un nouveau centre commercial sur le secteur de la Marandinière, couplé à la démolition des centres commerciaux de la Palle et Sembat, permettra de restructurer et moderniser l’offre commerciale de proximité. Renouveller l'offre d'habitat Une qualité résidentielle s’affirme progressivement au sein des quartiers Sud-Est, grâce à une nouvelle offre d’habitat variée qui émerge depuis plusieurs années. Les nombreuses démolitions réalisées et à venir (Boulevard des Mineurs en 2018 et immeubles Loti en 2020), ainsi que les réhabilitations d’immeubles en cours, vont permettre de diversifier l’offre de logements. L’un des objectifs du projet urbain est donc de conforter la vocation résidentielle du quartier en stimulant l’offre et en accompagnant des projets comme la construction de logements passifs sur le secteur de Beaulieu, la transformation de l’ancienne école Baptiste-Marcet et la réhabilitation de logements à Monchovet. Améliorer le cadre de vie des habitants

Les quartiers sud-est bénéficient d’un environnement naturellement riche et varié, à l’interface entre les grands parcs de la ville (jardin des Plantes, parc de l’Europe, Bois d’Avaize) et le Pilat. Le projet urbain de la Ville de Saint-Étienne prévoit de relier ces espaces naturels entre-eux avec la création d’une continuité verte, qui permettra aux marcheurs et autres randonneurs de bénéficier d’un véritable réseau de chemins autour de la commune. Le boulevard Alexandre-de-Fraissinette, véritable colonne vertébrale du quartier, et la rue Pierre-Loti seront entièrement revus pour assurer un meilleur partage de l’espace entre tous les modes de déplacements (voiture, vélo et piéton) et assurer un maillage inter-quartiers plus efficace. fr.calameo.com/read/0005441131b4119eaa674

Depuis 2014, la rénovation urbaine dans les quartiers sud-est s’est traduite par de nombreux travaux: la construction du centre commercial de la Grande Marandinière, l’aménagement d’un lotissement de treize maisons individuelles passives, impasse Clémenceau, les rénovations des écoles de Montchovet et de Beaulieu, la réhabilitation de locaux rue Henri-Dunant (pour y installer la Maison des associations), et enfin les démolitions récentes du centre commercial du boulevard de la Palle et d’un garage, au 41 rue de Terrenoire.Démolitions mais aussi constructions sont au programme. Plusieurs acteurs entrent en jeu dans le financement de ces projets, notamment l’ANRU (Agence nationale de rénovation urbaine) mais aussi la Ville, le Département et la Région. Ainsi, le contrat avec l’ANRU, signé le 14 mars, dégage une somme de 23 millions d’euros, somme à laquelle il faut ajouter 3,3 millions d’euros de la Région. Pour les années à venir, les objectifs visent à la poursuite du développement économique, de la mutation de l’habitat par des constructions individuelles ou de petits immeubles, des démolitions ponctuelles, de la valorisation des espaces publics et du renforcement des espaces du quartier. Deux secteurs sont concernés : Loti et la Grande Marandinière. Le 11 AVRIL 1964, le développement de la ville de Saint Etienne, et ses travaux ..La ville de Saint Etienne se développe tout comme l'ensemble du territoire... Pour accompagner cet accroissement de population, de nouveaux quartiers se construisent aux abords de la ville chaque jours. Et pour faire face aux problèmes de circulation, un boulevard périphérique a été aménagé. Réalisé à l'occasion de la construction de la déviation sud de l'autoroute de Saint Etienne, ce reportage témoigne de la visite du sénateur maire de la ville, Mr. Michel DURAFOUR, sur le chantier du tunnel de la déviation. Accueilli par Mr. Rocher, président de la société forêzienne de travaux publics, Michel DURAFOUR découvre avec les membres du conseil municipal l'avancée des travaux. (voir aussi le chantier de l A 47 avec la video du tunnel du rond-point içi : www.ina.fr/video/LXC9610041788 . Ce quartier est né des programmes de grands ensembles mis en œuvre à partir des années 1950 afin de réduire la pénurie de logements. La mairie choisit donc de développer un quartier moderne 4 600 logements en HLM pour pouvoir loger plus de 30 000 habitants avec des loyers modérés dans des bâtiments modernes. Ce quartier avait comme emblème un des plus grands immeubles d’Europe surnommé la Muraille de Chine qui était visible depuis l’autoroute. Ce quartier s’est construit en quatre tranches : Beaulieu I (Beaulieu) de 1953 à 1955 ; Beaulieu II (La Marandinière) en 1959 ; Beaulieu III (Montchovet) en 1964 ; Beaulieu IV (La Palle) en 1971. Il est aujourd’hui en profonde mutation avec un programme de renouvellement urbain qui prévoit la démolition de plus 1000 logements et la reconstruction de 250. Bâtiments spécifiques : CHPL (Centre Hospitalier Privé de la Loire) qui remplace la Muraille de Chine ; Ecole Nationale d'ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne Un modèle de l'urbanisme des années 1950. Beaulieu-Montchovet: La ville choisit de construire un immense quartier neuf de plus de 4.600 logements, prévu pour loger 30.000 habitants, sur les basses pentes du Pilat, à la sortie sud-est de Saint-Etienne.Entre les forêts, qui seront classées parc naturel quelques années plus tard, et les quartiers chics du cours Fauriel, c'est un des endroits les mieux situés de la ville.C'est aussi le seul grand emplacement proche du centre où il n'y aie pas eu de mines, parce que les couches de charbon s'arrêtent juste avant : le terrain est assez solide pour supporter de gros immeubles. Içi le chantier de construction de MONTCHOVET soit Beaulieu 3, la continuitée des constructions HLM de nos quartiers sud-est (les chantiers de l'OPAC) , la vidéo içi :

www.ina.fr/video/LXF99004401 .

Retour sur son historique de 1962 à aujourd'hui e n 2018.

Un grand-Ensemble qui rappelle combien la politique d'urbanisme des années 1960 et suivantes a été conduite en dépit du bon sens la video içi www.google.fr/search?q=montchovet+ina&oq=montchovet+i... et là www.ina.fr/video/CAC00029801 , mais aussi içi www.ina.fr/video/CAC00029801 - avec Claude BARTOLONE içi avec la Visite à Saint Etienne du ministre délégué à la ville le jour de la démolition de la muraille de Chine. Rencontre avec des associations pr discuter du futur du quartier Montchovet. www.ina.fr/video/LY00001263573 - fresques.ina.fr/rhone-alpes/fiche-media/Rhonal00046/demol... - et les differentes videos de la demolition la encore : La démolition de la "muraille de Chine" de Saint Etienne www.youtube.com/watch?v=aq1uOc6Gtd0, www.youtube.com/watch?v=YB3z_Z6DTdc terrible :( ^^ l interview de Michel Thiolliere Le Grisou.fr a interviewé Michel Thiollière, ancien maire de Saint-Etienne et sénateur de la Loire, membre du Parti radical et actuel vice-président de la Commission de régulation de l'énergie. Il livre son analyse sur les prochaines échéances politiques, notamment la campagne des municipales en cours à Saint-Etienne, les alliances de la droite et du centre, mais aussi le mandat de Maurice Vincent. Michel Thiollière s'attarde également sur les besoins de l'agglomération stéphanoise et évoque les enjeux énergétiques en France.(Interview : Maxime Petit -- Réalisation : Studios Bouquet) www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJAylpe8G48,"François Mitterrand, après la visite de deux quartiers -l'un à Saint Etienne et l'autre à Vénissieux, inscrits sur la liste de ceux à réhabiliter -, parle du plan de réhabilitation pour de meilleures conditions de logement.François Mitterrand / Georgina Dufoix / Gilbert Trigano / François Dubanchet / Marcel Houël Thèmes : Grands travaux et grands projets

Le Président > 1er septennat 1981-1988 > 1981-1986 Éclairage

Depuis la fin des années 1970, la région lyonnaise apparaît comme l'épicentre des violences urbaines qui se déroulent en France. Durant l'été 1981, des violences urbaines ont conduit le gouvernement à engager le plus tôt possible une nouvelle politique en faveur des quartiers dégradés. Malgré les premières opérations de réhabilitation engagées par la Commission nationale pour le développement social des quartiers, la situation demeure extrêmement tendue dans un certain nombres de quartiers populaires. L'assassinat d'un jeune de la Cité des 4 000 par un habitant en juillet 1983 a ravivé les débats autour du thème du "mal des grands ensembles" selon l'expression de l'époque. D'autre part, le contexte politique conduit également le pouvoir à s'intéresser encore davantage à la question de la dégradation urbaine dans la mesure où de très nombreux quartiers populaires n'ont pas cette fois-ci apporté leurs suffrages aux candidats de la gauche.La visite de François Mitterrand dans deux quartiers dégradés de la région lyonnaise constitue donc un signal fort à l'égard des populations qui y vivent. Ce déplacement fait également écho à celui réalisé quelques jours plus tôt au sein de la Cité des 4 000 à La Courneuve en Seine Saint Denis (voir Visite de François Mitterrand à La Courneuve). Le principe est d'ailleurs le même et il est exprimé par le président de la République : voir par lui-même l'état réel de ses quartiers. Le fait qu'il soit mentionné dans le reportage que "ces visites surprises" se soient faites dans la "plus grande discrétion" (notamment sans les élus locaux concernés) marque effectivement la volonté du président de la République d'établir une sorte de lien direct avec les habitants qui vivent dans ces quartiers. Il ne s'agit pas de faire l'annonce de nouvelles mesures mais "de voir les choses par moi-même" selon l'expression utilisée par François Mitterrand lors de son allocution à la Préfecture à Lyon. Au moment où la Commission nationale pour le développement social des quartiers établit la liste définitive des 22 quartiers qui bénéficieront d'un programme de réhabilitation, la visite du président de la République sur le terrain suggère une forme de "présidentialisation" du thème de la réhabilitation des grands ensembles.La création au même moment de Banlieue 89 suscitée par deux architectes proches de François Mitterrand, Roland Castro et Michel Cantal-Duparc, suggère également l'intérêt du président de la République pour les questions urbaines (voir Inauguration de l'exposition organisée par Banlieue 89)."http://fresques.ina.fr/mitterrand/fiche-media/Mitter00106/visite-de-francois-mitterrand-a-saint-etienne-et-aux-minguettes.html Journaliste

Visites surprises qui se sont déroulées dans la plus grande discrétion, seule Madame Georgina Dufoix, Secrétaire d’Etat à la Famille et aux Immigrés, Monsieur Gilbert Trigano, le PDG du Club Méditerranée qui participe à la Commission Dubedout, et deux collaborateurs du Chef de l’État étaient présents. Ni à Saint-Étienne, ni à Vénissieux, les autorités locales n’y ont participés. Peu avant midi, le Président est arrivé à la Préfecture du Rhône à Lyon où s’est déroulée pendant 45 minutes une séance de travail avec les élus locaux et notamment Messieurs Dubanchet, Maire de Saint-Étienne et Houël, Maire de Vénissieux. Réunion qui a donné l’occasion d’aborder les problèmes de fond, devait souligner François Mitterrand.(Bruit)François Mitterrand

Les deux quartiers que je viens de visiter, celui de Montchovet à Saint-Étienne et celui de Monmousseau à l’intérieur des Minguettes sur la commune de Vénissieux, sont inscrits sur la liste des 22 quartiers à réhabiliter, retenus, proposés par la Commission Dubedout devenue la Commission Pesce, et retenus par le Gouvernement. Et je compte appliquer nos efforts pour qu’effectivement, ces quartiers soient réhabilités, c’est-à-dire, soient habitables. Qu’on y trouve, pour ceux qui y vivent, euh, suffisamment de convivialité, de capacité de développer une famille et, euh, revenant de son travail quand on en a, de pouvoir vivre avec les autres. Les conditions de logement, la construction de ces ensembles, les liaisons avec l’extérieur, l’école, le sport, les espaces verts, bref, l’espace tout court, contribuent, vous le comprenez bien à, au futur équilibre, ou contribueront au futur équilibre de ces quartiers. Alors, je préfère voir les choses par moi-même. Il faut bien se dire que à l’origine de nombreux désordres sociaux se trouvent ces fâcheuses, ces déplorables conditions de vie. Et moi, je veux lutter contre ces désordres et pour cela, il faut que je m’attaque avec le Gouvernement et ceux qui ont la charge auprès de moi, je veux absolument m’attaquer aux sources d’un malaise et d’un déséquilibre social qui sont d’une immense ampleur. Raison de plus pour commencer par un bout avec énergie et continuité. Et de ce point de vue, je compte bien, au cours des semaines et des mois à venir, persévérer dans cette enquête personnelle qui me permet ensuite de donner des instructions précises à ceux qui participent à la gestion de l’État., à Saint-Étienne comme dans les communes de sa proche banlieue. Une sorte de grand monument à la gloire des HLM, comme si on avait fait exprès de la faire aussi énorme pour montrer comme les gens étaient fiers de ce quartier. Autour on construit tout ce qu'il faut pour les habitants : une école, Montchovet, qui donne sur le grand pré derrière, une MJC, une piscine, un centre commercial, avec la Poste, plus tard le bureau de police. En 1978, comme les enfants des habitants grandissent, on ouvre un deuxième collège dans la ZUP. Il prendra le nom de Jean Dasté, qui a créé la Comédie de Saint-Etienne, le plus grand théatre de province en France, et son école de comédiens. Après 1984 les loyers des HLM ont augmenté, beaucoup d'habitants sont partis. La population de Saint-Etienne diminue surtout dans les quartiers sud : beaucoup de gens déménagent vers la plaine du Forez, moins froide, où il y a la place de batir des maisons. On a rénové beaucoup d'appartements anciens en ville : la crise du logement est finie. On ne sait même plus qu'elle a existé. Les ZUP ont vieilli et la plupart des gens préfèrent se loger dans des appartements récents. Alors on ferme : le collège de Beaulieu, l'école de la Marandinière, la Poste. La Muraille coute très cher à entretenir : il n'y a plus asssez d'habitants pour payer les frais. Les HLM ont décidé de la détruire: c'est le plus gros projet de démolition jamais réalisé en Europe. Les familles qui restaient ont du déménager. On va faire exploser la Muraille de Chine au printemps de l'an 2000. Peut être qu'il fallait le faire, mais pour les gens du quartier c'est un gros morceau de notre Histoire qu'on nous détruit.

1954: les premiers travaux à Beaulieu : la campagne devient une ville à grands coups de bulldozer..

Le projet est de construire en grande quantité des logements de bonne qualité, avec tout le confort, des chambres pour les enfants, l'eau, le chauffage central, des sanitaires, des arbres et des pelouses, et surtout .... des loyers accessibles pour tous. Ce seront les Habitations à Loyers Modérés, les HLM.

Il faudra les construires en dehors des villes, pour en finir avec le mélange des industries et des logements, qui amène le bruit et la pollution. Y prévoir tous les équipements : commerces, écoles, collèges, lycées, transports, parcs, équipements sportifs, police, pompiers, Postes. Construire des villes entières où tout le monde aura accès à ce qui n'était encore que le luxe de quelques gens très riches.

Cinq villes sont choisies pour être prioritaires : Paris ( Pantin ) et Lyon ( Bron-Parilly) à cause de leur taille, Angers et Rouen détruites dans les bombardements de 1944, Saint-Etienne, la ville la plus sinistrée de France pour le logement. C'est là que naissent les cinq premières Zone à Urbaniser en Priorité, les ZUP, modèles de l'urbanisme pour toute une génération. Elles ne s'appellent pas encore comme ça : on les construites avant que l'expression de ZUP existe, c'est de leur réussite que naitra le modèle repris partout pour lequel on inventera le mot plus tard.

Beaulieu I: le projet d'urbanisme

Maquette de 1953 - Projet des architectes Gouyon-Clément

Une architecture géométrique, de grands espaces, des arbres, des formes qui soulignent le relief.

la ZUP de Beaulieu est construite en quatre tranches:

- Beaulieu I ( Beaulieu ) de 1953 à 1955

- Beaulieu II ( La Marandinière ) en 1959

- Beaulieu III ( Montchovet ) en 1964, dont fait partie la Muraille de Chine, le grand immeuble le long du boulevard à gauche.

- Beaulieu IV ( La Palle ) en 1971

Le quartier:

Au premier plan, en bas à droite Beaulieu, la Marandinière est à droite derrière l'autoroute, Montplaisir à gauche, Monchovet au milieu, le long du boulevard de la Palle.

A gauche des tennis, les batiments du collège de Beaulieu. C'était l'autre collège de la ZEP, le seul collège "sensible" de France a avoir été fermé, en 1995.

Nouvelles techniques, nouveaux matériaux :

Construire vite pour un prix raisonnable oblige à inventer de nouvelles techniques, d'autant que l'on manque de travailleurs qualifiés La construction s'industrialise: immeubles à structure porteuse ( des poteaux en béton armé tiennent les dalles, ce ne sont plus les murs qui soutiennent les immeubles ), murs rideaux ( les murs sont fait de morceaux préfabriqués accrochés aux dalles ), éléments standardisés ( les éléments: murs, tuyauterie, portes et fenêtres, sanitaires, etc... sont tous identiques, fabriqués en usine en grande série, installés de la même façon dans tous les immeubles ), nouveaux matériaux ( matières plastiques, béton armé, acier ) qui ne s'utilisaient pas dans la construction traditionnelle.

Cela permet de diminuer les prix, en automatisant les fabrications, mais aussi parce qu'on peut utiliser des ouvriers beaucoup moins qualifiés, qui ne font que du montage et que l'on paye moins cher.

Bien après les gens se plaindront de ces appartements tous identiques, de ces matériaux peu agréables, de la taille inhumaine des batiments.

Mais à l'époque il faut compter deux à trois ans d'attente pour obtenir un appartement dans le quartier. Les familles sont si contentes de leur quartier tout neuf que les collègiens qui prennent le bus emportent une paire de bottes en plus de leur chaussures pour aller des immeubles à l'arrêt de bus : pas question de ramener de la boue dans les bus ou dans les escaliers.La crise du logement:

1950 : la France connait la pire crise du logement de son Histoire. La crise économique de 1929 puis la guerre de 1939-1945 ont arrêté la construction de logements, déja insuffisante avant 1930, pendant plus de vingt ans.

La France est au maximum du "baby-boom" ( période de très forte natalité qui commence à la fin de la guerre ) : les 40 millions de français de 1950 font deux fois plus de bébés que les 60 millions d'aujourd'hui. La très forte croissance économique relance l'immigration. Plus de la moitié des familles sont mal logées alors que la France commence la plus forte croissance démographique de son Histoire.

La IV° République, héritière du programme de la Résistance donne la priorité aux besoins sociaux : école, santé, logement, sur la rentabilité financière. L'Etat, les villes, sont décidés à investir dans le logement, qui est déclaré prioritaire dans le Plan d'organisation de l'économie.

Entre les années 50 et 60, et suite à la seconde guerre mondiale, la municipalité stéphanoise a vu sa population passée d’un peu moins de 180 000 habitants en 1950 à plus de 200 000 habitants dix ans plus tard en 1960. Cette forte augmentation de la population pouvait s’expliquer par le fort taux de natalité de cette époque (baby-boom), mais aussi par l’afflux de travailleurs de la classe ouvrière venus dans la grande cité stéphanoise pour trouver un travail. De ce fait, la construction d’un logement sain pour chaque ouvrier était devenue une priorité absolue pour les élus qui considéraient à raison que cela était une condition vitale dans le cadre de ce grand développement. Pour ce faire, la ville a lancé dans les années 50 une vaste opération de construction de barres d’habitation dans la zone de Beaulieu, destinée à fournir un logement à une population grandissante.

Une barre d’habitation innovante

A l’époque, avec une majorité d’architectes, les appartements modernes construits possédaient des cloisons lourdes empêchant toute modification interne ainsi que des espaces de renvoi sombres et non ventilés ressemblant à des alcôves.

Mais à l’inverse, pour certains architectes précurseurs de la région à l’image d’Yves et Henri Gouyon, la modernité reflétait le gout de la clarté, de l’air, et du soleil, avec de larges horizons. Ainsi, ces derniers donnaient la priorité non pas aux façades qu’ils considéraient comme de simples élévations du plan, mais aux cellules d’habitations et à leur orientation. Dans cette optique, le bâtiment proposé par Henri Gouyon, qui était donc un partisan de l’espace ouvert moderne, supprimait les circulations et profitait de ce gain de place pour aménager de nouveaux espaces de vie communes. De plus, dans ces cellules d’habitations, les architectes ont tirés profit au maximum de la double orientation des appartements (ces derniers étaient traversant) avec par exemple l’accolement de balcons. Conception et réalisation d’un quartier entier

Pour le projet de Beaulieu, l’on confia la conception ainsi que la réalisation des interventions aux agences Henri et Yves Gouyon puis Yves Gouyon et associés. Ainsi, dés le milieu des années 50, des études concernant Beaulieu II – La Marandinière furent conduites, suivis de la construction du bâtiment entre 1957 et 1959. S’en suivit Beaulieu III – Montchovet entre 1962 et 1964, surnommé la « Muraille de Chine », qui comprenait entre autres, une barre de type HLM haute de 10 à 17 mètres et longue de 270 mètres, avec 560 logements. Suites à ces constructions, l’urbanisation des vallées et collines du sud-est de Saint-Etienne continua jusque dans les années 70 avec les séries de la Métare I, II, et III. Au total, ce sont plus de 8 000 logements, pour l’essentiel de type HLM, qui ont été construits durant cette période.

Ces constructions ont également contribué à la création du parc de l’Europe et d’un boulevard circulaire qui servait de jonction entre les différents édifices et le centre-ville de la cité stéphanoise.Un projet pharaonique

Le centre commercial fut un projet d’une dimension sans précédent pour la ville, plus grand centre commercial intra-urbain de la région Loire-Auvergne, avec 100 magasins, 1500 places de stationnement, 90 000 m² de surface, et sur 3 niveaux (4 niveaux avec la terrasse). Le 2 octobre 1979, CENTRE DEUX ouvre ses portes pour la première fois, et constitue une renaissance et un véritable tournant pour la ville.L’avis de l’architecte

De toutes les constructions de cette époque, Beaulieu est un des ensembles construits qui se porte le mieux si l’on en croit les nombreuses enquêtes menées auprès de la population de ces logements, dont certains l’occupe pratiquement depuis le début. Les arbres atteignent désormais le haut des immeubles, et la rue Le Corbusier adjacente a pris les allures « d’une banlieue des années 30 » avec un niveau d’urbanisme parfaitement acceptable. En conclusion, on peut parler pour cette construction d’un véritable savoir faire architectural et en quelques sortes d’art urbain. Ce projet a été récompensé par un prix d’urbanisme, mettant en valeur le travail en amont du projet. St-Etienne Cimaise Architectes -

Entretien avec François Tomas, géographe, spécialiste de l'aménagement urbain, et enseignant à l'université et à l'école d'architecture de Saint-Etienne. Il est notamment l'auteur des Grands Ensembles, une histoire qui continue (Publications de l'université de Saint-Etienne, 2003). Cet intellectuel a également mis la main à la pâte. Entre 1977 et 1983, il fut adjoint à l'urbanisme du maire communiste de l'époque, Joseph Sanguedolce. Engagé au PC de 1974 à 1985, il a, depuis, rejoint le Parti socialiste «comme militant de base»Quelle est l'ampleur des destructions provoquées par la Seconde Guerre mondiale à Saint-Etienne?

La ville subit un important bombardement des Alliés le 26 mai 1944. Celui-ci vise les usines qu'utilisaient les Allemands dans la région pour leur effort de guerre et les noeuds de communication ferroviaire. Comme prévu, la gare de Châteaucreux, les usines de Marais et le tunnel de Tardy sont touchés. Mais les bombes, larguées trop rapidement, atteignent aussi les quartiers du Soleil et de Tardy - notamment les écoles - ainsi que l'église Saint-François, emplie de fidèles. Au total, le bilan est lourd: un millier de morts, 1 500 blessés, 22 000 sinistrés; 800 immeubles ont été plus ou moins détruits.Que prévoit-on pour la reconstruction?Pas grand-chose. A la différence de la refonte spectaculaire du Havre, par exemple, on se contente ici de bâtir de petits immeubles, plus modernes bien sûr, mais sans réelle innovation architecturale ou urbanistique.Est-il vrai que Saint-Etienne, après guerre, traîne une réputation de «capitale des taudis»?C'est exact, et celle-ci n'est pas usurpée. En 1946, 7% seulement des logements sont jugés «confortables», et 17%, «acceptables»; 56% sont médiocres, et 20% peuvent véritablement être qualifiés de taudis: 1 logement sur 5 n'a pas d'eau à l'évier, les deux tiers ne disposent pas de WC, et 95%, de salle d'eau. Mais le problème n'a pas été créé par la guerre. Depuis la fin du XIXe siècle, Saint-Etienne a beaucoup grandi, mais très peu construit. Résultat: la ville a vieilli sur elle-même et se trouve après guerre dans une situation désastreuse, que les bombardements ont simplement aggravée.C'est alors qu'Alexandre de Fraissinette, maire élu en 1947, fixe le logement comme l'une de ses priorités.

Oui. Et ce ne sera pas un vain mot. Rendez-vous compte: on passe de 114 logements construits en 1948 à 531 en 1951, 1 085 en 1954, 1 694 en 1957 et même 2 932 en 1959! L'effort est gigantesque. Mais le changement est aussi qualitatif. A la fin des années 1940 et au début des années 1950, la France va connaître une rupture architecturale avec l'apparition des premiers grands ensembles. Saint-Etienne sera l'une des villes symboles de cette rupture.Comment cette nouvelle architecture est-elle accueillie?Très favorablement par les classes moyennes, beaucoup moins par les classes populaires.Cela paraît paradoxal, pour du logement social!

Le paradoxe n'est qu'apparent. On l'a oublié aujourd'hui, mais les premiers grands ensembles sont réservés aux familles de moins de trois enfants ayant des revenus corrects, autrement dit aux classes moyennes. Alors que, depuis la guerre, celles-ci devaient se contenter d'une ou de deux pièces mal équipées, elles se voient soudain proposer des logements spacieux, avec de la verdure, de la lumière, une salle d'eau, des WC, le chauffage central. Cela leur paraît merveilleux! Les pauvres, eux, continuent de s'entasser dans de petits appartements sans confort, quand ce ne sont pas des taudis, en particulier à Tarentaize et à Beaubrun, ou des bidonvilles, du côté de Méons, près des puits de mine et des usines sidérurgiques. Ce n'est que plus tard, à partir des années 1970, que les grands ensembles seront prioritairement réservés aux pauvres et aux familles immigrées. Mais, dans les années 1950, les grands ensembles sont encore synonymes de progrès social. Et même au-delà. On est persuadé que ce nouvel habitat va entraîner le recul de la maladie, de la délinquance, voire de la mésentente entre les époux! Il existe ainsi une «commission du bonheur ou des grands ensembles»!On croit rêver...

C'était l'ambiance de l'époque, avec ses utopies et ses excès. Pour les architectes, si l'un des repoussoirs est le taudis de centre-ville, l'autre est le petit pavillon de banlieue, symbole à leurs yeux de l'individualisme petit-bourgeois, avec ses gaspillages de terrain, son absence d'horizon et son coût pour la communauté...Quels sont les quartiers typiques de cette période, à Saint-Etienne?Le premier est constitué par le très bel ensemble de la place du Maréchal-Foch. Il s'agit d'une étape intermédiaire entre l'îlot traditionnel (des immeubles accolés, formant un pâté de maisons) et sa suppression totale. Du côté de la Grand-Rue, plusieurs immeubles constituent encore des semi-îlots. Mais, à l'ouest, deux immeubles sont d

Executed by the Sassenachs on 23 August 1305. This memorial is on the wall of St Bart's Hospital in West Smithfield

La Joute (The Joust), a public sculptural installation executed by Jean-Paul Riopelle in 1969 was formerly located in the Parc Olympique. It was relocation to the Place Jean-Paul Riopelle in 2003 as part of the redevelopment of the Quartier international de Montréal, provoking protes5t from residents of Hochelaga-Maissonneuve, who claimed the work was deprived of the its context.

 

The ensemble of bronze sculptures contains a central fountain surrounded by a number of freestanding abstract animal and human figures inside and outside the fountain basin. The fountain operates on a kinetic sequence that takes about 32 minutes to complete and begins a few minutes before the half hour, every hour from 7 to 11 p.m. during the summer. The sequence starts when the fountain jet expands to form a dome over the sculptures. Then at the back end of the park the grates on the ground start to mist. The 12 grates each mist, one after the other in sequence, taking about 90 seconds to sequence from one to another until they reach the fountain. After about 18 minutes, machines inside the fountain start to produce a particularly dense cloud. The fountain jet then turns into a dribble. On the hour, nozzles in a ring surrounding the central sculpture within the basin shoot up jets of natural gas through the water; these are lit by flame sources installed in the daises of some of the sculptures, producing a dramatic ring of flame. The flame lasts for about seven minutes. The fountain itself stops. The misting stops, and then the fire is "doused" by the fountain which has restarted. The mist sequence, without the fire in the fountain, occurs every hour throughout the day.

 

Place Jean-Paul Riopelle, a public square built on an old exterior parking lot over the trench, a covered section of Autoroute Ville-Marie, was named in honor of Riopelle. The square features 88 trees in an "urban forest"--eleven different species from maple to hickory, all indigenous to the Montréal area.

Three people have been arrested after early morning warrants were executed in Manchester.

 

Earlier this morning (Friday 29 November 2019), officers executed warrants at two addresses in Cheetham Hill and made three arrests in relation to an ongoing firearms investigation.

 

The action comes after GMP launched a dedicated operation – codenamed Heamus - earlier in the month. The operation is set to tackle a dispute between two local crime groups, following a series of firearms discharges which have taken place since the beginning of September 2019.

 

Superintendent Rebecca Boyce, of GMP’s City of Manchester division, said: “Following this morning’s direct action, we have three people in custody and I would like to thank those officers who have worked extremely hard as part of this ongoing operation and who are committed to keeping the people of Cheetham Hill safe.

 

“Whilst we believe that these incidents have been targeted, we understand and appreciate how concerned local residents may be and as a result of this have set up this dedicated operation. We want to reassure those who feel affected that we are doing all that we can and stress that we are treating these incidents as an absolute priority.

 

“This is a complex investigation, which brings its own challenges and whilst we have made arrests, we are continuing to appeal for the public’s help. We believe that answers lie within the community and would urge anyone with information to get in touch. Whether you want to speak to us directly, or whether you’d prefer to talk to Crimestoppers anonymously, please do so if you think you can assist our enquiries with even the smallest piece of information.

 

“We will continue to work closely with partners in order to disrupt this kind of activity and I hope that this morning’s action demonstrates that are working hard in order to prevent any further incidents and protect those in our communities.

 

“This type of criminal behaviour is reckless and dangerous- it will not be tolerated on our streets.”

 

Anyone with information should call 0161 856 1146, quoting incident number 2348 of 18/11/19. Reports can also be made anonymously to the independent charity Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.

FORT IRWIN, Calif. - U.S. Army Soldiers from 1st Battalion, 8th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division, execute a rehearsal of a mission for live fire operations during Decisive Action Rotation 15-02 at the National Training Center here, Nov. 11, 2014. The decisive action training environment was developed in order to create a common training scenario for use throughout the Army. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Charles Probst, Operations Group, National Training Center)

One of many absurdities executed in our country with the historical heritage: the long promised but never opened railway museum in the place of El Clot del Moro. The lack of political commitment, and personnel mismanagement on the part of its director, was for many years preserved vehicles were abandoned in the open and subject to the effects of the harsh climate of the pre-Pyrenees.

 

In this picture you can see old buses and trams of Barcelona and trains of FGV and of mines. (Photo of JR scanned from an original paper).

___________________________________________________________________________

 

Uno de tantos despropósitos ejecutados en nuestro país con el patrimonio histórico: el siempre prometido, pero nunca abierto, museo del ferrocarril en el paraje del Clot del Moro. La falta de compromiso político, y una pésima gestión personal por parte de su director, llevó a que durante muchos años los vehículos preservados fueran abandonados a la intemperie y sometidos a los efectos del duro clima del pre-Pirineo.

 

En esta foto se pueden ver antiguos autobuses y tranvías de Barcelona y trenes de FGV y de minas. (Foto de JR escaneada de un original de papel).

This 8-foot silver bronze statue of DeWitt Clinton, executed by Adolph A. Weinman, was dedicated in 1941 and sits in a niche on the southern end of the facade of the Museum of the City of New York, opposite a sculpture of Alexander Hamilton. Gifts of a trustee of the MCNY, they represent New York City's emergence as a commercial center.

 

DeWitt Clinton (March 2, 1769–February 11, 1828) was a mayor and governor of New York and one-time presidential candidate who is best known for the creation of the Eerie Canal. Just the third New York statue of Clinton (the others are in Green-Wood Cemetery and embedded in the fifth-floor cornice of the Surrogate's Court at Chambers Street), Weinman's statue shows Clinton standing with one arm akimbo, holding an unrolled map of the Erie Canal, one foot forward and eyes set off at the distance.

 

The Museum of the City of New York (MCNY), founded in 1923 to present the history of New York City and its people, fills an imposing 5-floor brick and limestone building on the Museum Mile section of Fifth Avenue, between 103rd and 104th Streets. The Museum was originally housed in Gracie Mansion until this Neo-Georgian-Colonial style was built to the design of Joseph J. Freedlander from 1928-1930. The museum's collections include paintings, drawings, prints, and photographs featuring New York City and its residents, as well as costumes, decorative objects and furniture, toys, rare books and manuscripts, marine and military collections, police and fire collections, and a theater collection.

 

Sutra The Gastropub : A Bon Vivant’s delight

 

Sutra Gastropub which hosted a wonderful event with Signature Expressions and the cult band Indian Ocean this week has already become a very significant part of the party scene in Gurgaon’s Cyber Hub. The restaurant offers soups, salads, a wide variety of starters and serves cuisines like Indian, Italian, Moroccan, American and European.

 

I like the menu; it has hearty, trustworthy dishes that the chefs have managed to execute well. The well being of the flourishing, diverse and experimental food tradition in India rests in the hands of such restaurants.

 

Jhul e kabab @ SutraSpeaking of the well-written, hunger-inducing, gutsy menu, we read it and immediately knew what we wanted. Such a musical night with iconic singers and musicians called for a lot of finger food and signature cocktails. We ordered a “Manhattan” with Signature’s best whiskey, “Mustard Fish Tikka”, “Seekh-e-khas” and “Jujeh Kebabs”.

 

Alfresco dining, iconic music, and an extremely cosy restaurant, is all that we needed after a long hard day at work. The restaurant is well planned and spacious. There is dark-wood furniture. There are two bars with bar stools for people who wish to sit there and drink the bartenders interesting cocktail concoctions; they also have a wine rack. Indian ocean sutra

 

On a weekday (Wednesday), the place is bustling with people; I wasn’t at all surprised, most restaurants at Cyber Hub are thriving, every day is good business, weekends are especially brilliant.

 

IMG_2425And then the food starts to arrive and it’s clear everything is going to be great. The food is fresh, the drinks are well balanced and the staff is courteous. Check. Check. Check. The restaurant checks all the right boxes for me. For main course I got a thin crust “Chicken Pizza”. I expected it to be heavy but it turned out to be surprisingly light. It was an utterly guilt-free pizza with extremely coordinated ingredients.

 

Most evenings and weekends are special for the restaurant because they organise fun-filled events for their patrons. Anoop, who manages the place, and it feels very much like a one-man operation, clearly knows how to make customers feel at home.

 

There are chunky burgers with chicken and lamb; the meat is tender, well cooked and extremely delicious. This multi-cuisine restaurant does a mouth-watering molten brownie cake, chocolate tiramisu and some really interesting cheesecake to finish.

 

Sutra seems to be doing a great job because the evening was a raving success and went absolutely glitch free.

 

XOXO

Shivangi

(Shivangi Reviews)

Contact: shivangireviews@gmail.com

Find me on Facebook, search "Shivangi Reviews"

Published on: Live in Style by Shivangi Sinha

FIFA 19 Origin CD Key 50% off bit.ly/fifa19-50percemtoff Alisson executed a perfect drop-kick to start the attack leading to Mohamed Salah's penalty Subscribe to my channel for more: bit.ly/memenation With the score at 3-1, the Gunners were pushing forward in an effort to pull one back before the break. But as another of the visitors’ attacks ended with Alisson picking up the ball, the Liverpool goalkeeper launched pin-point dropkick to find Firmino deep in opposition territory out wide. His superb distribution launched the counter that would result in the Reds’ first penalty of the evening, which Salah duly converted. Firmino wasn't even in the frame when Alisson made this pass but because his name is not Ederson nothing will be said #LIVARS #lfc That's pass from Alisson Becker.. Name another keeper better than him. I'll wait. #LIVARS Will never forget that Alisson ball to Firmino which led to Salahs goal in #LIVARS . A well directed sniper. The 4th best moment in Liverpool shirt after that chip, headed clearance and the Napoli save. What a player. #Alisson Subscribe to my channel for more: bit.ly/memenation Like our Facebooke Page for daily Memes: bit.ly/2DmVOG1 IG: bit.ly/2RWxuyQ ******************************************************************* Related Videos Liverpool Alisson Incredible Save against Napoli in stoppage time to send Liverpool to round of 16 youtu.be/9ik7rcXWHio Mauro Icardi hit the crossbar with first kick of the game in 1 - 0 Napoli youtu.be/X5OMqEiwwVE AS Roma starlet Nicolo Zaniolo's brilliant goal vs Sassuolo has gone viral youtu.be/p9FuldcOUpo Roberto Firmino Ends Arsenal Defenders' Careers Before Scoring Unreal Solo Goal | TWITTER REACT youtu.be/1RwvwheLvtk Liverpool fans loved Alisson's moment of madness in injury time vs Newcastle to keep the Clean Sheet youtu.be/FneGpgcH8LQ Mesut Ozil Made a OUTRAGEOUS Pass to Sead Kolasinac against Burnley and fans are loving it (Video) youtu.be/MQMJP8-095I Andros Townsend's 35 Yard Volley Goal Of The Season against Man City and Fan React youtu.be/AJoNrWCvUlo Harry Kane Diving against Wolverhampton| Ban or not? Fan Reaction youtu.be/v6WnMRl0l-g Leo Messi Beautiful Pass to Jordi Alba to set up the first goal against Celta Vigo youtu.be/nJPBiuj9gaw ****************************************************************** I must state that in NO way, shape or form am I intending to infringe rights of the copyright holder. Content used is strictly for research/reviewing purposes and to help educate. All under the Fair Use law. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use

Detail of the Baptistry Window, a masterpiece of abstract stained glass designed by John Piper and executed by Patrick Reyntiens.

 

Coventry's Cathedral is a unique synthesis of old a new, born of wartime suffering and forged in the spirit of postwar optimism, famous for it's history and for being the most radically modern of Anglican cathedrals. Two cathedral's stand side by side, the ruins of the medieval building, destroyed by incendiary bombs in 1940 and the bold new building designed by Basil Spence and opened in 1962.

 

It is a common misconception that Coventry lost it's first cathedral in the wartime blitz, but the bombs actually destroyed it's second; the original medieval cathedral was the monastic St Mary's, a large cruciform building believed to have been similar in appearance to Lichfield Cathedral (whose diocese it shared). Tragically it became the only English cathedral to be destroyed during the Reformation, after which it was quickly quarried away, leaving only scant fragments, but enough evidence survives to indicate it's rich decoration (some pieces displayed nearby in the Priory Visitors Centre). Foundations of it's apse were found during the building of the new cathedral in the 1950s, thus technically three cathedrals share the same site.

 

The mainly 15th century St Michael's parish church became the seat of the new diocese of Coventry in 1918, and being one of the largest parish churches in the country it was upgraded to cathedral status without structural changes (unlike most 'parish church' cathedrals created in the early 20th century). It lasted in this role a mere 22 years before being burned to the ground in the 1940 Coventry Blitz, leaving only the outer walls and the magnificent tapering tower and spire (the extensive arcades and clerestoreys collapsed completely in the fire, precipitated by the roof reinforcement girders, installed in the Victorian restoration, that buckled in the intense heat).

 

The determination to rebuild the cathedral in some form was born on the day of the bombing, however it wasn't until the mid 1950s that a competition was held and Sir Basil Spence's design was chosen. Spence had been so moved by experiencing the ruined church he resolved to retain it entirely to serve as a forecourt to the new church. He envisaged the two being linked by a glass screen wall so that the old church would be visible from within the new.

 

Built between 1957-62 at a right-angle to the ruins, the new cathedral attracted controversy for it's modern form, and yet some modernists argued that it didn't go far enough, afterall there are echoes of the gothic style in the great stone-mullioned windows of the nave and the net vaulting (actually a free-standing canopy) within. What is exceptional is the way art has been used as such an integral part of the building, a watershed moment, revolutionising the concept of religious art in Britain.

 

Spence employed some of the biggest names in contemporary art to contribute their vision to his; the exterior is adorned with Jacob Epstein's triumphant bronze figures of Archangel Michael (patron of the cathedral) vanquishing the Devil. At the entrance is the remarkable glass wall, engraved by John Hutton with strikingly stylised figures of saints and angels, and allowing the interior of the new to communicate with the ruin. Inside, the great tapestry of Christ in majesty surrounded by the evangelistic creatures, draws the eye beyond the high altar; it was designed by Graham Sutherland and was the largest tapestry ever made.

 

However one of the greatest features of Coventry is it's wealth of modern stained glass, something Spence resolved to include having witnessed the bleakness of Chartres Cathedral in wartime, when all it's stained glass had been removed. The first window encountered on entering is the enormous 'chess-board' baptistry window filled with stunning abstract glass by John Piper & Patrick Reyntiens, a symphony of glowing colour. The staggered nave walls are illuminated by ten narrow floor to ceiling windows filled with semi-abstract symbolic designs arranged in pairs of dominant colours (green, red, multi-coloured, purple/blue and gold) representing the souls journey to maturity, and revealed gradually as one approaches the altar. This amazing project was the work of three designers lead by master glass artist Lawrence Lee of the Royal College of Art along with Keith New and Geoffrey Clarke (each artist designed three of the windows individually and all collaborated on the last).

 

The cathedral still dazzles the visitor with the boldness of it's vision, but alas, half a century on, it was not a vision to be repeated and few of the churches and cathedrals built since can claim to have embraced the synthesis of art and architecture in the way Basil Spence did at Coventry.

 

The cathedral is generally open to visitors most days, but now charges an entry fee (a fix for recent financial worries; gone are the frequent days I used to wander around it in search of inspiration!)and sadly visitors are also encouraged to enter by the far end of the building, contrary to Spence's intentions.

 

For more see below:-

www.coventrycathedral.org.uk/

Arbour Hill Prison is a prison and military cemetery located in the Arbour Hill area near Heuston Station.

 

The military cemetery is the burial place of 14 of the executed leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising. Among those buried there are Patrick Pearse, James Connolly and Major John MacBride. The leaders were executed in Kilmainham Gaol and their bodies were transported to Arbour Hill for burial.

 

The graves are located under a low mound on a terrace of Wicklow granite in what was once the old prison yard. The grave site is surrounded by a limestone wall on which the names are inscribed in Irish and English. On the prison wall opposite the grave site is a plaque with the names of other people who were killed in 1916.

 

The prison was designed by Sir Joshua Jebb and Frederick Clarendon and opened on its present site in 1848, to house military prisoners.

 

The adjoining Church of the Sacred Heart, which is the prison chapel for Arbour Hill prison, is maintained by the Department of Defence. At the rear of the church lies the old cemetery, where lie the remains of British military personnel who died in the Dublin area in the 19th and early 20th century.

 

The church has an unusual entrance porch with stairs leading to twin galleries for visitors in the nave and transept.

 

A doorway beside the 1916 memorial gives access to the Irish United Nations Veterans' Association house and memorial garden.

executed by Conor Burns aka c4

The photo is executed in technique «LightGraphic » or «The painting of light», that assumes illumination of model by small light sources in darkness on long endurance.

Thus, all lightcloth (composition) - is one Photo Exposition, is embodied on a matrix of the camera in one click of a shutter.

 

We submit the sample photos in this series in three-nine-square.

Photos is possible to look here:

www.horyma.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=27&t=586

St Albans claims to be the earliest site of Christian pilgrimage in England, being named after our first martyr, who was executed at some point in the 3rd century AD (when the city was still known by its Roman name, Verulanium) having sheltered a persecuted Christian priest, St Amphibalus, and been impressed by his faith, offering himself for arrest in his place. Both men were buried here and Alban's tomb was venerated and marked in some form long before the present cathedral was built.

 

The cathedral is nonetheless one of the most ancient of our major churches, though its cathedral status dates only to 1877 when the new diocese of St Albans was formed. The church was originally founded as St Alban's Abbey, and built close to the presumed site of Alban's martyrdom. Founded in 793 by King Offa, the abbey was rebuilt several times with the earliest parts of the present cathedral dating back to the late 11th century. Much use was made of recycled material from the abandoned Roman city of Verulanium, and the handsome Romanesque tower appears to be entirely constructed of reused Roman bricks. The Abbey was built on an impressive scale, and must have once been a very wealthy institution owing to pilgrimages to the shrine of St Alban behind the high altar. However its fortunes had begun to decline even before the Reformation swept medieval monastic life away.

 

The abbey church miraculously survived the Dissolution in its entirety and was sold to the town for use as their parish church. The monastic buildings however were completely erased aside from the splendid Abbey Gatehouse near the west end, and only the weathered remains of arcading on the south side of the nave remains of the former cloisters. Upkeep thereafter seems to have been a serious challenge and the huge church spent much of the following centuries in poor repair, thus much work was done by a succession of architects in the Victorian period prior to the abbey church being raised to the status of cathedral. The most obvious interventions are those made by Edmund Beckett / Lord Grimthorpe, an amateur architect who paid for much of the work in the 1870s in return for a free hand in redesigning parts of the building. His are the strange turrets on ends of the transepts, along with their facade windows below and the west front, which is clearly a Victorian confection, though the medieval facade it replaced had been left in a rather bare, unfinished state.

 

The cathedral we see today is thus a rather surprising mixture of styles and materials, everything from Roman brick, flint and rubble to fine white limestone., which gives it a rather patchy appearance. Its great length however is remarkable, being the second longest medieval church in the country (only Winchester is longer, but St Albans has a longer nave). The oldest parts are the towers and transepts from the end of the 11th century, along with much of the north side of the nave, all fine examples of early Romanesque architecture. Most of the rest was rebuilt in the Gothic style in various phases throughout the 14th century, including the greater part of the nave and all of the choir and Lady Chapel (though the east end was heavily renewed externally in the Victorian restoration).

 

Entering the cathedral one cannot fail to be impressed by the enormous length of the nave,, mostly of late 13th and early 14th century date aside from the strikingly austere north arcade in the more easterly section, where the raw unadorned early Norman architecture contrasts dramatically with the more ornate Gothic arcade opposite. The Norman columns have the added appeal of retaining substantial remains of medieval mural decoration, with a succession of Crucifixion scenes that may have originally served as reredos to long vanished side altars. The medieval pulpitum screen remains and separates the eastern bays for use as the choir beyond it. This area also retains its flat late medieval wooden ceiling complete with painted panels of angels holding shields.

 

The transepts and crossing beneath the tower form an especially memorable interior space, again the architecture is of the more raw, auster Norman variety, but the tower arches are enlivened with painted decoration simulating brickwork and much Roman and Saxon material is incorporated in to the transepts. Beyond is the fully Gothic eastern limb with the presbytery covered by a handsome medieval wooden vault, again replete it medieval painted decoration, and the striking altar reredos, a towering late medieval screen populated with elaborate niches and statuary (the latter being Victorian replacements for originals long lost). Behind this is the re-assembled shrine of St Alban (along with that of St Amphibalus in the south choir aisle nearby). The Lady Chapel beyond is a handsome example of 14th century Decorated Gothic, though much restored following centuries of use as a schoolroom separated from the rest of the church.

 

There is much of interest to see in the cathedral, though most of the furnishings are Victorian (the originals having long vanished) and there are few monuments of note aside from the two late medieval chantry chapels of Abbot Ramryge and Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, the latter overlooking the shrine of St Alban and balanced by a 15th century wooden watching loft on the opposite side (a rare survival). There is a mixture of glass, the most notable pieces being the most recent additions in the south aisle and north transept rose window. The best features are the unusually extensive remnants of medieval mural painting in various parts of the church, a quite remarkable survival, making a thorough exploration of this cathedral all the more rewarding.

 

This was my third visit, and longest one, though my attempt at a fuller photographic record was severely compromised by accidents with my camera, which at one point fell from my tripod onto the stone floor in one of the chantry chapels. I was lucky it survived at all given the dreadful crash it made, but it was seriously affected and my photos were very hit and miss from that point onwards. My day however ended on a happier note, returning in the evening to attend a lovely performance of Mozart's Requiem, and the acoustics in there are indeed impressive.

 

For more about the cathedral see below.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Albans_Cathedral

A beautifully executed restoration of this this little 'giant killer' 125 (24BHP @ 12,500RPM). This machine came to the current owner from a collector in Florida and has very liitle time on it since the restoration. Frame # 400-999259, engine # AS3-990259.

 

Pretty, rare and competent machine.

 

More at www.vintagemotorcyclesforsale.ca

XH558 was the first Vulcan B. Mk2 to be delivered to the RAF, and is the oldest surviving complete Vulcan in the world. After retiring from the RAF's Vulcan Display Flight in 1992, the aircraft was sold to a private owner. After 15 years, the aircraft was painstakingly brought back to flying condition by the Vulcan To The Sky Trust, and has been visiting air displays from 2008 until the final UK tour in October 2015.

 

A fairly primitive shot taken from Lincoln Castle showing XH558 at the beginning of her last show flight over southern England. The aircraft had just left Robin Hood Airport, Doncaster 10 minutes earlier, and is seen executing the turn over RAF Waddington before heading south.

 

Apologies to all those who have taken stunning close up photos of the Vulcan, but it was probably my last chance to see her flying over Lincoln!

 

More on XH558 / G-VLCN 'Spirit of Great Britain' here: www.vulcantothesky.org/history/the-558-story.html

and:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Vulcan_XH558

 

The Vulcan Bomber

The Avro Vulcan was a delta-winged, high-altitude, strategic bomber, which was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF) from 1956 until 1984. A total of 136 aircraft were built, including eight prototypes, and the production aircraft were delivered in four separate batches as follows:

 

First batch: XA889 - XA913 25 Vulcan B.1 & B.1As delivered between 1955 - 1957

Second batch: XH475-483, XH497-506, XH532-539, XH554-563 37 Vulcan B.1A & B.2s delivered between 1958 - 1960

Third batch: XL317-321, XL359-361, XL384-392, XL425-427, XL443-446 24 Vulcan B.2s delivered between 1960 - 1962

Fourth batch: XM569-576, XM594-612, XM645-657 40 Vulcan B.2s delivered between 1963 - 1965

Total production order - 128

 

The Vulcan B.1 was first delivered to the RAF in 1956, and deliveries of the improved Vulcan B.2 started in 1960. The B.2 featured more powerful engines, a larger wing, an improved electrical system, and electronic countermeasures, and many were modified to accept the Blue Steel missile.

 

As a part of the V-force, and one of the most distinctive military aircraft ever to take to the skies, the mighty Avro Vulcan was the backbone of the United Kingdom's airborne nuclear deterrent during much of the Cold War. Although the Vulcan was typically armed with nuclear weapons, it could also carry out conventional bombing missions, which it did in Operation Black Buck during the Falklands War between the United Kingdom and Argentina in 1982. See: www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-61283828

 

Vulcan B.2 XL317, the first of a production batch ordered in 1960, was the first Vulcan, apart from development aircraft, to be capable of carrying the Blue Steel stand-off missile. Thirty-three aircraft were delivered to the RAF with these modifications.

 

Operating at higher altitudes, the first Vulcan's in RAF service were finished in an overall white anti-flash scheme, intended to protect the aircraft in the seconds following detonation of a nuclear device, however, advances in Soviet anti-aircraft missile defences brought about a significant change in the aircraft's attack profile.

 

Moving from high to low altitude strike operations during the early to mid 1960s, Vulcans retained their white undersides, but were given a striking grey and green camouflage on their upper surfaces, markings which really suited the huge delta shape of this magnificent aircraft. Although moving to low-level bombing operations, retention of the white anti-flash undersides clearly illustrates the Vulcan's continued role as a nuclear armed strategic bomber.

 

After retirement by the RAF, one example, B.2 XH558, named The Spirit of Great Britain, was restored for use in display flights and air shows, whilst two other B.2s, XL426 and XM655, have been kept in taxiable condition for ground runs and demonstrations. B.2 XH558 flew for the last time in October 2015, but has been kept in taxiable condition.

 

RAF Waddington

During the Cold War, RAF Waddington became an Avro Vulcan V-bomber station, with No. 83 Squadron being the first in the RAF to receive the Vulcan in May 1957. The other Squadrons to fly the Vulcan from Waddington were Nos. 9, 44, 50 and 101 Squadrons. From 1968, the UK nuclear deterrent was transferred to Polaris submarines, beginning with HMS Resolution. The station continued in this role until 1984 when the last Vulcan squadron, No. 50 Squadron, disbanded. It continued to be the home for the last flying Vulcan (XH558) of the Vulcan Display Flight until its disbandment in 1992.

 

RAF Scampton

In October 1960, No. 83 Squadron arrived at Scampton from RAF Waddington and equipped with the Vulcan B.2. Together with No. 27, No. 35 and No. 617 Squadrons, who by this time had also taken delivery of the Vulcan, the "Scampton Wing" was formed, the aircraft being equipped with the Blue Steel stand-off missile.

 

On 30 June 1968, Blue Steel operations at Scampton were terminated, as the Royal Navy, with the submarine launched Polaris missile, assumed responsibility for the UK nuclear deterrent. Scampton squadrons were assigned to the tactical nuclear and conventional bombing roles. This led to the disbandment of No. 83 Squadron in August 1969, however in December 1969 No. 230 Operational Conversion Unit moved to RAF Scampton from RAF Finningley.

 

With disbandment of No. 230 Operational Conversion Unit and the cessation of No. 617 Squadron's Vulcan operations in 1981, followed by the cessation of Vulcan flying at Scampton by No. 27 Squadron and No. 35 Squadron in 1982, Scampton was transferred to RAF Support Command and became home to the Central Flying School (CFS) in 1983.

 

You can see a random selection of my aviation memories here: www.flickriver.com/photos/heathrowjunkie/random/

the iliveisl sim, Enercity Park, goes away shortly after these pics were taken. it was one of only 100 or so remaining openspace sims.

 

it had been 3750 prims but when Linden Lab poorly executed their change in policy and pricing and went from $75 to $95 per month and from 3750 prims to 750 prims, this became the most expensive type of land isl

 

but i promised my residents that Enercity would have a park so kept it until the estate was transferred to the very best residents in all of second life

 

the park was the closest to a home that Ener Hax had. two sparse fallout shelters would become Ener's homes

 

one just a bare mattress and cardboard boxes to reduce drafts from broken windows and had and old turret slowly rotating that stood as a silent sentinel to bygone eras when we humans could have taken a lesson from our own avatars and the other a small emergency shelter for the bus stop

 

the lake in the park was called Butterfly Lake from its shape when viewed from the air and had a swan and ducklings swimming and a nice bench for friends to sit and visit under a weeping willow. near that spot was an old underground shelter to park military vehicles. that spot became an underground skatepark and was connected to the city's catacombs. these catacombs, like in Paris, ran below the city streets

 

zombies lived in one section near a small graveyard. no one knew why zombies were there, some suspect it was related to the war time bunkers. the manhole cover near the zombies was opened and the catacombs tagged with "i <3 ener hax" and "subQuark sux"

 

the most favourite spot for Ener Hax was near the bus stop and the 1950's era rotating and steaming coffee billboard (hmm, maybe the chemical smoke from that big coffee cup is to blame for the zombies? after all, the "steam" does drift over the grave yard

 

the fave spot looked over the smaller lake west of the bus stop and was in view of one of the parks two waterfalls. that spot was made very special because of Mr. Bunny. Ener loved to sit on the ground and just watch Mr. Bunny hop around and doze occasionally. what a cute bunny =) he even had his own carrots planted by Ener

 

high above the eastern part of the park was the huge zebra striped zeppelin. a bit of a trademark of the iliveisl estate

 

it was a lovely spot, even had tai chi on the big bunker and a zip line from the water tower

 

ooh, the water tower! as a surprise gift, DreamWalker scripted the water tower and turned it int a funky hang out spot. there was an abandoned pool inside the tower (???) and place to sit and talk. even a cute ladybug called it home. the water tower's top would slide up and down and also turn invisible. for romance, a moon beam came through the towers top port and could even have its brightness changed

 

even though the park was outrageously expensive, it was Ener Hax and Mr. Bunnies home and will be sincerely missed

 

namas te

Three people have been arrested after early morning warrants were executed in Manchester.

 

Earlier this morning (Friday 29 November 2019), officers executed warrants at two addresses in Cheetham Hill and made three arrests in relation to an ongoing firearms investigation.

 

The action comes after GMP launched a dedicated operation – codenamed Heamus - earlier in the month. The operation is set to tackle a dispute between two local crime groups, following a series of firearms discharges which have taken place since the beginning of September 2019.

 

Superintendent Rebecca Boyce, of GMP’s City of Manchester division, said: “Following this morning’s direct action, we have three people in custody and I would like to thank those officers who have worked extremely hard as part of this ongoing operation and who are committed to keeping the people of Cheetham Hill safe.

 

“Whilst we believe that these incidents have been targeted, we understand and appreciate how concerned local residents may be and as a result of this have set up this dedicated operation. We want to reassure those who feel affected that we are doing all that we can and stress that we are treating these incidents as an absolute priority.

 

“This is a complex investigation, which brings its own challenges and whilst we have made arrests, we are continuing to appeal for the public’s help. We believe that answers lie within the community and would urge anyone with information to get in touch. Whether you want to speak to us directly, or whether you’d prefer to talk to Crimestoppers anonymously, please do so if you think you can assist our enquiries with even the smallest piece of information.

 

“We will continue to work closely with partners in order to disrupt this kind of activity and I hope that this morning’s action demonstrates that are working hard in order to prevent any further incidents and protect those in our communities.

 

“This type of criminal behaviour is reckless and dangerous- it will not be tolerated on our streets.”

 

Anyone with information should call 0161 856 1146, quoting incident number 2348 of 18/11/19. Reports can also be made anonymously to the independent charity Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.

Portrait d'Agnolo Doni by Raphael The Uffizi Gallery Firenze Italy

 

The Portrait of Agnolo Doni is an oil painting by Italian Renaissance master Raphael, executed between 1506 and 1507. It is now in the Pitti Palace in Florence. The portrait is one of a pair that depict a recently married merchant and his wife. Agnolo Doni married Maddalena Strozzi in 1503, but Raphael's portraits were probably executed in 1506, the period in which the painter studied the art of Leonardo da Vinci most closely. The composition of the portraits resembles that of the Mona Lisa: the figures are presented in the same way in respect to the picture plane, and their hands, like those of the Mona Lisa, are placed on top of one another. But the low horizon of the landscape background permits a careful assessment of the human figure by providing a uniform light which defines surfaces and volumes. This relationship between landscape and figure presents a clear contrast to the striking settings of Leonardo, which communicate the threatening presence of nature.

 

But the most notable characteristic that distinguishes these portraits from those of Leonardo is the overall sense of serenity which even the close attention to the materials of clothes and jewels (which draw one's attention to the couple's wealth) is unable to attenuate. Every element - even those of secondary importance - works together to create a precise balance.

 

These works, linked not only by the kinship of the subjects, but also by their evident stylistic homogeneity, mark the beginning of Raphael's artistic maturity.

  

Portrait of Maddalena Doni (1506).

The Portrait of Maddalena Doni is an oil painting by Italian Renaissance master Raphael, made in 1506

Story

The portrait is one of a pair that depict a recently married merchant and his wife.

Agnolo Doni married Maddalena Strozzi in 1503, but Raphael's portraits were probably executed in 1506, the period in which the painter studied the art of Leonardo da Vinci most closely. The composition of the portraits resembles that of the Mona Lisa: the figures are presented in the same way in respect to the picture plane, and their hands, like those of the Mona Lisa, are placed on top of one another. But the low horizon of the landscape background permits a careful assessment of the human figure by providing a uniform light which defines surfaces and volumes. This relationship between landscape and figure presents a clear contrast to the striking settings of Leonardo, which communicate the threatening presence of nature.

But the most notable characteristic that distinguishes these portraits from those of Leonardo is the overall sense of serenity which even the close attention to the materials of clothes and jewels (which draw one's attention to the couple's wealth) is unable to attenuate. Every element - even those of secondary importance - works together to create a precise balance.

These works, linked not only by the kinship of the subjects, but also by their evident stylistic homogeneity, mark the beginning of Raphael's artistic maturity.

 

The Uffizi Gallery Firenze Italy

is a prominent art museum located adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums, and the most visited, it is also one of the largest and best known in the world, and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period of the Italian Renaissance. After the ruling house of Medici died out, their art collections were gifted to the city of Florence under the famous Patto di famiglia negotiated by Anna Maria Luisa, the last Medici heiress. The Uffizi is one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1765 it was officially opened to the public, formally becoming a museum in 1865. Today, the Uffizi is one of the most popular tourist attractions of Florence and one of the most visited art museums in the world. History : The building of Uffizi complex was begun by Giorgio Vasari in 1560 for Cosimo I de' Medici so as to accommodate the offices of the Florentine magistrates, hence the name uffizi, "offices". The construction was later continued by Alfonso Parigi and Bernardo Buontalenti; it was completed in 1581. The top floor was made into a gallery for the family and their guests and included their collection of Roman sculptures.The cortile (internal courtyard) is so long and narrow, and open to the Arno at its far end through a Doric screen that articulates the space without blocking it, that architectural historians treat it as the first regularized streetscape of Europe. Vasari, a painter and architect as well, emphasised its perspective lîength by adorning it with the matching facades' continuous roof cornices, and unbroken cornices between storeys, as well as the three continuous steps on which the palace-fronts stand. The niches in the piers that alternate with columns of the Loggiato filled with sculptures of famous artists in the 19th century. The Uffizi brought together under one roof the administrative offices and the Archivio di Stato, the state archive. The project was intended to display prime art works of the Medici collections on the piano nobile; the plan was carried out by his son, Grand Duke Francesco I. He commissioned the architect Buontalenti to design the Tribuna degli Uffizi that would display a series of masterpieces in one room, including jewels; it became a highly influential attraction of a Grand Tour. The octagonal room was completed in 1584. Over the years, more sections of the palace were recruited to exhibit paintings and sculpture collected or commissioned by the Medici. According to Vasari, who was not only the architect of the Uffizi but also the author of Lives of the Artists, published in 1550 and 1568, artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo gathered at the Uffizi "for beauty, for work and for recreation . For many years, 45 to 50 rooms were used to display paintings from the 13th to 18th century

A beautifully executed restoration of this this little 'giant killer' 125 (24BHP @ 12,500RPM). This machine came to the current owner from a collector in Florida and has very liitle time on it since the restoration. Frame # 400-999259, engine # AS3-990259.

 

Pretty, rare and competent machine.

 

More at www.vintagemotorcyclesforsale.ca

A beautifully executed restoration of this this little 'giant killer' 125 (24BHP @ 12,500RPM). This machine came to the current owner from a collector in Florida and has very liitle time on it since the restoration. Frame # 400-999259, engine # AS3-990259.

 

Pretty, rare and competent machine.

 

More at www.vintagemotorcyclesforsale.ca

via Dribbble / Popular ift.tt/1SNKx1R

The low-loader with nos 08 825 and D3018 aboard executing a three-point turn outside the yard gate. The two locos together weigh about 100 tons.

 

The tractor unit and trailer are together a pretty impressive bit of kit. Aside from the extensive hydraulic systems, the trailer has five axles, each with eight wheels; the Mercedes tractor unit has four axles, the front two of which are steered.