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St. Stephen's Cathedral
Seat of the Archbishop (Cardinal) of Vienna, one of the most important buildings of the Central European High and Late Gothic, monumental example of the South-German-Austrian multi-naved church, landmark of Vienna. Characteristic is the independent lateral position of the towers, the inclusion of the romanesque western facade, the high Gothic hall choir and the mighty steep roof with colorful brick patterning.
History
1147
The first Romanesque church - from Passau founded (hence patron saint: saint Stephen Protomartyr) - is consecrated. It is located in a quarter of new settlements of merchants, which in the second half of the 12th Century was included in the city's fortifications (which is the part between Singerstraße and wool line (Wollzeile), the road to Hungary). It is located outside, to the southeast, of the oldest city area of the Roman fort, Vindobona. This building was in its dimensions already a large basilical complex, at its completion already including the floor plan of the Heath towers in the West.
1263
Re-consecration after the fire. The impacts on the Romanesque church are not precisely known. The huge gate was already previously rebuilt, when Vienna was for a short time residence of the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. In succession, the reconstruction of the west gallery and the expansion of the western towers (Heath towers) took place. From this period stem also most of the sculptures of the giant gate, the vaults, capitals and rose windows at the west gallery.
Stephansdom64.jpg (35605 bytes)
1304 -1340
Construction of the Gothic hall choir, Albertinian choir, named after the Habsburg Albert II (1330-1358).
The citizenship of Vienna initially purchased the required properties and "as the owner of the Gothic choir in the Zwettler (city in Lower Austria) documents of 1303 and 1304 Viennese citizens are testified".
This civic foundation was then converted by a princely.
The following indulgence certificate - in the original written on parchment and provided with a hanging seal - is in a sense the main historical document of the choir consecration and thus also to the architectural history of St. Stephen of great importance.
1340
Bishop Peter of Marchapolis gives, at the request of the parishioners, all who attend at the anniversary of the consecration of the choir of St. Stephen's Church, which was accomplished on the above day in his presence by Bishop Albert of Passau, or at the feasts of the altar patrons of the church, an indulgence of 40 days.
1359
Laying of the foundation stone for further Gothic reconstruction of the nave (south and north wall), the Singertor and the Bischofstor (gate) and the two double chapels laterally to the Romanesque western building. Furthermore, the construction of overall four towers was planned. In fact, only the southern transept tower (the "saint Stephen's Tower") was first started.
1365
Those conversion measures are associated with the efforts of Duke Rudolf IV to raise Vienna to the status of a diocese, and with the founding of the University of Vienna.
1395
Consecration of the chapel of Saint Catherine ("baptistery") on the east side of the south tower.
1404
Peter of Prachatitz is Dombaumeister (cathedral builder). The citizenship by providing financial support pushes ahead the expansion of the tower.
1417 - 1430
Establishment of the lower sacristy
1433
Completion of the south tower under Hans von Prachatitz
1440 - 1459
Completion of the High Gothic nave
1450
Planning and construction of the North Tower by Hans Puchsbaum
1459
At Hüttentag of Regensburg the mason's lodge of St. Stephen's in Vienna is designated the leading main lodge in Central Europe.
1466
Extension of the upper sacristy
1469
Under Frederick III. the Diocese of Vienna is built.
1474
The Chapel of St. Barbara in the north tower is completed according to the plans of Puchsbaum. Formerly this building extension in the North Tower was called: Urbanuskapelle (chapel).
1511
Suspension of the building at the north tower. It is higher than the nave walls, but lower than the ridge height of the choir roof. As a crowning feature of the tower stump an octagonal structure was set up, which was closed with a so-called "Welsh hood" of Kaspar and Hans Saphoy 1578. The Welsh hood is a into the Gothic transmitted dome shape".
The back of the St. Stephen's Cathedral with the North Tower
1514/1519
1514/1519 at the top of saint Stephen's tower an eight-rayed sun ("Star") was fitted with a crescent moon as a symbol of spiritual and temporal power. When the Viennese in the Turkish siege (1529) throughout in the camp of their enemies saw similar symbols, they raised first objections against the "haidnisch Zaichen (heathen signs)", yet remained the "Moonlight" on the tower. Only on the occasion of the second siege (1683 ) vowed Leopold I to replace the "ungodly and unworthy Turks coat of arms" by the sign of the cross, when the city was liberated by God's assistance.
The from saint Stephen removed moon. Book illustration, 18th century
The new, of copper wrought double cross ("Spanish Cross") was made by coppersmith Hans Adam Bosch. It was one and a half meters high and had a weight of 45.5 kg. On September 14th, the Kreuzerhöhungstag (day of the elevation of the Cross) (in the same time the anniversary of the moving in of Leopold into the liberated city), it was placed under great spectacle. However, it was not flexible enough and already on 14th December it fell down due to a violent storm. On 31st October 1687 followed the setting up of a new crowning. To the Spanish Cross now the imperial double-headed eagle and the initials of Leopold I had been added. Cross and eagle had a height of 2.45 m and a weight of 67 kg.
St. Stephen's Cathedral around 1530
1640
Bishop Friedrich Count Breuner the Baroquisation of the equipment of the St. Stephen's Cathedral as a manifestation of the Counter-Reformation had started. He commissioned the brothers Jacob and Tobias Pock from Konstanz with the construction of a new high altar.
1683
Damages caused by numerous cannonballs at the second Turkish siege.
1700
Second wave of Baroquisation: Gothic winged altars and also their early Baroque successors are replaced by baroque marble altars.
1711
July 21st, 1711. In front of a large audience the k.k. Stückgießer (specialized iron caster) Johann Achamer carries out the casting of the great bell of saint Stephen. The for this purpose required metal comes from stocks of the Imperial arsenal of captured Turkish cannons. After Pölzung (supporting) of the underground vaults under the streets that touches the train, the bell weighing more than 17 tons on a special car or a loop of 100 people is brought from the Leopoldstadt on 29th October to the cathedral. On December 15th, Bishop Rummel undertakes the consecration of the bell, then it is pulled up to the south tower. There it rests on two oak beams, which for ringing can be screwed off. When Charles VI. solemnly moved into Vienna after his imperial coronation on 26th January 1712, the Pummerin was rung for the first time, in the process only the 813 kg in weight clapper was moved.
1720
The so-called catacombs are set up as a burial site.
1735
The cemetery around the church is closed down and in 1783 completely removed
Stock-im-Eisen-Platz and St. Stephen's Square before the demolition of the houses
Coloured engraving of V.C. Schütz. 1779
1803
The Steffl gets air: Demolition of houses on Stephansplatz
October. The strong increase in population leads to an increased volume of traffic. As part of "traffic-appropriate" measures streets are widened, squares enlarged, arcades created and traffic regulations introduced such as, e.g., the first one-way at the Carinthian gates (1802). With the demolition of the last still in front of the cathedral facade standing houses yet another basic expansion and redesign of the Stephansplatz can be completed.
1809
Also in the French wars the Cathedral is damaged by artillery fire.
1810
Repair work on the South Tower
1831
Renovation of the roof at the Albertinian choir
1842
On the occasion of the two renewals of the tower helmet in the 19th century respectively in 1842 and 1864, again a new double-headed eagle with a double cross was set on the spire. This last crowning of 1864 still today adorns the top of saint Stephen's tower.
1853 - 1854
Expansion of the remaining Wimperge (gables) in the roof area of which Puchsbaum under Frederick III. only one had realized.
1863 - 1864
Cathedral architect Friedrich Schmidt heads the restoration of the tower helmet.
1945
St. Stephen's Cathedral, April 1945 © Press Agency Votava St. Stephen's Cathedral, April 1945
The roof of St Stephen's Cathedral
is on fire 8th April 1945
Friday 13 April: Dombrand (cathedral's fire) in the last days of World War II. The roof burns down, the vaults of the middle choir and the southern side choir collapse. The Pummerin plunges down and breaks. The cathedral is badly damaged.
1945 - 1952
Reconstruction of the roof and choir
Triumphant entry of the new Pummerin in Vienna. The in St. Florian/Oberösterreich (Upper Austria) cast bell to Vienna had a true triumphal procession behind herself.
From the ruins of the Pummerin 1952 in St. Florian, Upper Austria, a new bell was cast and consecrated on 26th April 1952 in Vienna. The other bells of St. Stephen's Cathedral also consistently bore names as Halbpummerin, Viertelpummerin, Councillor Bell, Mentioned bell (Genanntenglocke), Zwölferin, beer bell (Bierglocke) etc. Very few of them survived the year 1945.
1953
Construction of the Bishop tomb in the catacombs under the Apostle Choir
1954 - 1965
Restoration of the South Tower
1956
Renovation of the Ducal Crypt, construction of the lower church and the lapidary (collection of stone monuments)
Completion of the tower helmet at the north tower (Saphoy'sche hood) with housing of the Pummerin
1961
In 1961 the cathedral received a new peal of eleven bells.
1973
Consecration of the People's altar (makeshift solution)
1977 - 1998
Restoration of the North Tower
1989
Remodeling of the sanctuary and the consecration of the new People's altar (September 14)
1991
Consecration of the new cathedral organ (Servants - Madonna gets here her new stand)
Overall length: 107.2 m outside inside 91.8 m
Width of the nave: 38.9 m
Height of the South tower: (High Tower) 136.7 m
Height of the North tower: 60.6 m
Height of the Heathen towers 65.6 m
Examples of photography from ShootingHip wedding photography at the Tithe Barn Hampshire. Copyright ShootingHip all rights reserved. Visit: www.shootinghip.com
Guest speaker Alan Malinchak leads a seminar on "Leading by Example" at Picatinny Arsenal, Jan. 20, 2011. Sponsored by the ARDEC Financial Management office, the seminar taught employees how to exemplify behavior they want to see in others. Photo by Todd Mozes.
A fine example of this bike - one of my all-time favorites. The sound of the DT400 was incredible - no other bike sounds like one of these.
today i wrote an addon that allows you to interface with the novation launchpad in OF github.com/kylemcdonald/ofxLaunchpad
this demo shows how to draw to the device using the standard OF commands line ofCircle(). the camera and the screen are slightly out of sync so the radii of the circles look different.
the flashbox examples .. from left to right:
LT - no flash only sun as backlight.
RT - full flash, no diffuser.
LB - one layer (sheet) of tracepaper, look at the shadows.
RB - two layers (sheets) of tracepaper, one stop more open diafragm.
the sequence is the same as the previous picture of the flashbox it self.
nikkor 24mm 2.8 at f11 lt,rt,lb and f8 rb, 500e, iso200.
a flower example with the box here to see too.
St.Andrew's at Field Dalling, Norfolk, was an unexpected delight and a classic example of what can be found just by departing from the beaten track. I actually passed the church and was debating whether to double back to it or not. Luckily I did.
www.flickr.com/photos/barryslemmings/sets/72157602072044671/ to see the full set.
The church as it stands now dates from around 1370 but a church is known to have been on site at least since the reign of Henry II, around 1160. The village is also listed in Domesday [1086 AD] with a working population of 24. The first recorded rector [1160] is Richard de Saxlingham, who was appointed by Hardewin de Bacon, Lord of Holt Manor.
The church has enormous Perpendicular windows and a generous amount of light. It also has a significant amount of medieval glass in the tracery lights on the south side but the prevailing light was not good and I only managed to capture the one on the north side. This glass is all 1460/1480 and has been carefully restored.
The royal coat of arms for the King Georges is unusual in being in a hatchment [diamond] form and. while the church guide refers to this. it does suggest to me that an original funeral hatchment has been painted over as an economy measure. This one is thought to be early 18th century but was certainly restored by a London artist in the mid 19th century as his signature attests.
Another stunning feature is a copious amount of Victorian glass. Since I started church crawling I have become aware that not everyone likes Victorian glass but Field Dalling's is colourful and technically good to my untrained eye. One window majors on the parable of The Good Samaritan.
All the chancel glazing was added between 1859 and 1860 and is recorded in the churchwardens' records of that time. The east window was paid for by the parishioners in memory of their vicar of 50 years Reverend Upjohn.
The poppy heads on the bench pews are mostly 15th century but the north aisle contains some box pews which are probably 18th century. Also stored in the north aisle is yet another hand drawn hearse of a type which is so often encountered in Norfolk churches. Wighton and Great Massingham also have one and I have noted such vehicles in several other churches in the area.
The five bells are of especial note as they were made at Thomas Gardiner's bell foundry in Norwich and were the last Norwich set to be cast. They are also believed to be the only complete set of Thomas Gardiner bells to survive intact. They have now been adapted from swinging action to hammer struck.
The south porch was originally built in the 14th century but has been much restored while on the north side of the chancel there are the traces of a blocked arch which once led to a side chapel or chantry. This was demolished but traces have been found 18 feet from the main building.
Releaseparty for Examplers' critically acclaimed debut-soloalbum "Hunters & Collectors" |||
Get the album on itunes: itunes.apple.com/us/album/hunters-collectors/id469010641 |||
Band: Exampler, Barbara Moleko, Søren Bech, Rune Andersen, Per Vers & Nappion |||
Shot, cut & colored by @Kriswontwo
Recent screenshot of Fluid UI - the HTML5 mobile prototyping tool - showing mobile app wireframe library - visit www.fluidui.com
Final Project:
You will be required to work on a project that includes photographing (a minimum of) five different individuals in the style of your choice. Once you have selected the style, keep it consistent throughout the series.
You will also need:
1. an establishing shot (an image that tells us something about your idea. For example if you were to do a series of chefs the establishing shot could be a close-up of a measuring spoons.)
2. a self-portrait, with a brief artist statement
Side Note: A lot of thing didn't come through like I had wanted. Had flakey models, then scored on a really expressive friend of a friend, and I got these new to me models that showed up and kicked ass, then I got severely sick and ended up in urgent care Monday, etc. But hopefully I was able to get domestic abuse portrayed like I wanted to. I decided not to try for sexual abuse because no matter how I tried it, it could be construed as porn, and that isn't something I wish to ever touch upon.
Artist's Statement:
Emmy's work is influenced by elements in the world that most people consider to be imperfect, broken, or weak. She builds upon imperfection because it is the only true indicator of character and beauty. She captures imperfection as the summit of her art. She is inspired by things that surround her every day, and uses them as a creative base. As the proud divorced, single mother of five closely spaced children she has no shortage of material from which to draw.
With her work, it is difficult to ignore the obvious experience and background Emmy has in graphic design. In addition to photography and graphic design, she is an entrepreneur, business ideas person, CEO of a small assessment corporation, movie scriptwriter, mother, and friend to all, even those pesky telemarketers if they happen to catch her on the telephone at home.
The most important thing to Emmy is the opportunity to create art. To be an artist, even an unknown one, is more important to her than going forth and finding notoriety. She feels the only way for her to create is to continue growing as an artist whether by introducing new techniques, new mediums, or a combination of both. Her primary focus is on creating art that reaches across boundaries. She creates art that speaks figuratively and demands its own place within its world. She tries to create art that will link people to her, and with her.
Fast Facts on Domestic Violence
Battering on women is the most under reported crime in America.
Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women between the ages of 15 and 44 in the United States; more than car accidents, muggings, and rapes combined. "Violence Against Women, A Majority Staff Report," Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 102nd Congress, October 1992, p.3.
Three to four million women in the United States are beaten in their homes each year by their husbands, ex-husbands, or male lovers. "Women and Violence," Hearings before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, August 29 and December 11, 1990, Senate Hearing 101-939, pt. 1, p. 12.
One woman is beaten by her husband or partner every 15 seconds in the United States. Uniform Crime Reports, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1991.
About 1 out of 4 women are likely to be abused by a partner in her lifetime. Sara Glazer, "Violence, Against Women" CO Researcher, Congressional Quarterly, Inc., Volume 3, Number 8, February, 1993, p. 171.
Approximately 95% of the victims of domestic violence are women. Statistics, National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women, Ruth Peachey, M.D. 1988.
Police report that between 40% and 60% of the calls they receive, especially on the night shift, are domestic violence disputes. Carrillo, Roxann "Violence Against Women: An Obstacle to Development," Human Development Report, 1990.
Battering occurs among people of all races, ages, socio-economic classes, religious affiliations, occupations, and educational backgrounds.
Fifty percent of all homeless women and children in this country are fleeing domestic violence. Senator Joseph Biden, U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Violence Against Women: Victims of the System, 1991.
A battering incident is rarely an isolated event.
Battering tends to increase and become more violent over time.
Many batterers learned violent behavior growing up in an abusive family.
25% - 45% of all women who are battered are battered during pregnancy.
Domestic violence does not end immediately with separation. Over 70% of the women injured in domestic violence cases are injured after separation.
Domestic violence is not only physical and sexual violence but also psychological. Psychological violence means intense and repetitive degradation, creating isolation, and controlling the actions or behaviors of the spouse through intimidation or manipulation to the detriment of the individual. "Five Year State Master Plan for the Prevention of and Service for Domestic Violence." Utah State Department of Human Services, January 1994.
Just got the samples of the new necklaces from Hey Chickadee.... they look really nice...so crisp and detailed! You can buy them here: www.heychickadee.com/collections/miss-monster
Built by John Drayton between 1738 and 1742. This is an outstanding example of Palladian Architectures transplanted onto American soil. The two flanking outbuildings have long since been demolished but the foundation works still exist.
These were shot the spring after Hurricane Hugo slammed the South Carolina coast. Much of the old growth oaks were heavily damaged but the old house stood her ground.
West Facade
Note the backhoe in the right corner. It was still clearing debris from the hurricane.
shot on Fujichrome with a Pentax K-1000 and scanned with Nikon Coolscan V. Scan manipulated at original input.
Field expedition to investigate colonial gardens of Charleston as part of a course by Joanne Lombard. University of Miami undergraduate program. March 1990.
- Handmade 531ST Belgian Frame.
- Front and rear rack bosses.
- Sugino XD2 triple chainset
- Royce titanium BB
- 9 speed XTR M960 rear mech
- Ultegra fd6600 front mech
- Dura Ace bar end shifter mounted on Paul thumbies mounts
- XT M770 hubs on Mavic A719 rims
- Nitto Moustache bars
- Cinelli stem
- XT M740 headset
- Shimano R650 brakes
- Thomson in-line seatpost
- OYB custom saddle bag
- Brooks champion saddle and bar tape
Andrea is a great example of the so-skinny-so-fit kind of guy. He arrived at the playground I was with my daughter with a bike trailer and his two wonderful kids in it. I have a similar trailer, so it was a natural conversation starter. It came out that he managed much better than me the change from "free athlete" to "athlete with children". I was skinny and fit like him a few years ago, and now… Ehm, coming back to photography, I'd like to take Andrea as a living example of what I call "photography vengeance": I hear more and more people that, like him, tell they're sick and tired of this enormous tide of images we're immersed in but like good images a lot, and when they can they look for some good shots to enjoy. Anyway, we were talking about our kids when I needed the smile you see, and it was amazing to hear his voice changing in the process, dressing itself with pride.
This picture is #42 in my 100 strangers project. Find out more about the project and see pictures taken by other photographers at the 100 Strangers Flickr Group page