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Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon
The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 18 miles (29 km) wide and attains a depth of over a mile (6,093 feet or 1,857 meters).
The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon National Park, the Kaibab National Forest, Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument, the Hualapai Indian Reservation, the Havasupai Indian Reservation and the Navajo Nation. The surrounding area is contained within the Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of the preservation of the Grand Canyon area and visited it on numerous occasions to hunt and enjoy the scenery.
Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted. While some aspects about the history of incision of the canyon are debated by geologists, several recent studies support the hypothesis that the Colorado River established its course through the area about 5 to 6 million years ago. Since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down-cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon.
For thousands of years, the area has been continuously inhabited by Native Americans, who built settlements within the canyon and its many caves. The Pueblo people considered the Grand Canyon a holy site, and made pilgrimages to it. The first European known to have viewed the Grand Canyon was García López de Cárdenas from Spain, who arrived in 1540.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park
Grand Canyon National Park is a national park of the United States located in northwestern Arizona, the 15th site to have been named as a national park. The park's central feature is the Grand Canyon, a gorge of the Colorado River, which is often considered one of the Wonders of the World. The park, which covers 1,217,262 acres (1,901.972 sq mi; 4,926.08 km2) of unincorporated area in Coconino and Mohave counties, received more than 4.7 million recreational visitors in 2023. The Grand Canyon was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. The park celebrated its 100th anniversary on February 26, 2019.
Source: www.nps.gov/grca/index.htm
Entirely within the state of Arizona, the park encompasses 278 miles (447 km) of the Colorado River and adjacent uplands. Located on the ancestral homelands of 11 present day Tribal Communities, Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular examples of erosion anywhere in the world—a mile deep canyon unmatched in the incomparable vistas it offers visitors from both north and south rims.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "米国" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis" "ארצות הברית" "संयुक्त राज्य" "США"
(Arizona) "أريزونا" "亚利桑那州" "אריזונה" "एरिजोना" "アリゾナ州" "애리조나" "Аризона"
(Grand Canyon) "جراند كانيون" "大峡谷" "גרנד קניון" "ग्रांड कैन्यन" "グランドキャニオン" "그랜드 캐니언" "Гранд-Каньон" "Gran Cañón"
Painted Desert - Tiponi Point
Petrified Forest National Park is a United States national park in Navajo and Apache counties in northeastern Arizona. Named for its large deposits of petrified wood, the fee area of the park covers about 230 square miles (600 square kilometers), encompassing semi-desert shrub steppe as well as highly eroded and colorful badlands. The park's headquarters is about 26 miles (42 km) east of Holbrook along Interstate 40 (I-40), which parallels the BNSF Railway's Southern Transcon, the Puerco River, and historic U.S. Route 66, all crossing the park roughly east–west. The site, the northern part of which extends into the Painted Desert, was declared a national monument in 1906 and a national park in 1962. About 800,000 people visit the park each year and take part in activities including sightseeing, photography, hiking, and backpacking.
Averaging about 5,400 feet (1,600 m) in elevation, the park has a dry windy climate with temperatures that vary from summer highs of about 100 °F (38 °C) to winter lows well below freezing. More than 400 species of plants, dominated by grasses such as bunchgrass, blue grama, and sacaton, are found in the park. Fauna include larger animals such as pronghorns, coyotes, and bobcats, many smaller animals, such as deer mice, snakes, lizards, seven kinds of amphibians, and more than 200 species of birds, some of which are permanent residents and many of which are migratory. About half of the park is designated wilderness.
The Petrified Forest is known for its fossils, especially fallen trees that lived in the Late Triassic Period, about 225 million years ago. The sediments containing the fossil logs are part of the widespread and colorful Chinle Formation, from which the Painted Desert gets its name. Beginning about 60 million years ago, the Colorado Plateau, of which the park is part, was pushed upward by tectonic forces and exposed to increased erosion. All of the park's rock layers above the Chinle, except geologically recent ones found in parts of the park, have been removed by wind and water. In addition to petrified logs, fossils found in the park have included Late Triassic ferns, cycads, ginkgoes, and many other plants as well as fauna including giant reptiles called phytosaurs, large amphibians, and early dinosaurs. Paleontologists have been unearthing and studying the park's fossils since the early 20th century.
The park's earliest human inhabitants arrived at least 8,000 years ago. By about 2,000 years ago, they were growing corn in the area and shortly thereafter building pit houses in what would become the park. Later inhabitants built above-ground dwellings called pueblos. Although a changing climate caused the last of the park's pueblos to be abandoned by about 1400 CE, more than 600 archeological sites, including petroglyphs, have been discovered in the park. In the 16th century, Spanish explorers visited the area, and by the mid-19th century a U.S. team had surveyed an east–west route through the area where the park is now located and noted the petrified wood. Later, roads and a railway followed similar routes and gave rise to tourism and, before the park was protected, to large-scale removal of fossils. Theft of petrified wood remains a problem in the 21st century.
(Wikipedia)
Der Petrified-Forest-Nationalpark ist ein Nationalpark der Vereinigten Staaten im Nordosten Arizonas. Der Park gehört zum südlichen Colorado-Plateau und der Painted Desert, einer Wüste auf rund 1800 m über dem Meer. Er bewahrt geologisch bemerkenswertes Sedimentgestein der Obertrias mit einer Vielzahl an Fossilien. Im Gebiet liegen ausgedehnte Fundstätten von verkieseltem Holz, daher der Name „Versteinerter Wald“.
Am 8. Dezember 1906 wurde ein Teil der Fundstätten als National Monument unter Schutz gestellt, 1932 kam ein Teil der Painted Desert dazu, das Schutzgebiet umfasste seitdem eine Fläche rund 378 km². Der Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten stufte das Gebiet 1962 zum Nationalpark auf. 1970 wurden etwas mehr als die Hälfte der damaligen Fläche unter den erweiterten Schutz eines Wilderness Areas gestellt. Seit 2004 läuft ein Programm zur Erweiterung des Parkgebietes auf 885 km². Benachbarte Flächen anderer Bundesbehörden sollen dem Nationalpark übertragen werden, private Grundstücke werden angekauft, wenn Mittel verfügbar sind. Im September 2011 wurden rund 105 km² einer angekauften Ranch dem Park hinzugefügt.
Im nördlichen Teil des Parks, der oberhalb der Interstate 40 zwischen Holbrook und Navajo liegt, befindet sich die „Painted Desert“. Diese ist ein trockenes Brachland, wo Erosion eine farbenfrohe Landschaft gestaltet hat.
Das meiste versteinerte Holz kann im Südteil des Nationalparks betrachtet werden, hier finden sich auch alte Felsritzzeichnungen, sogenannte Petroglyphen. Die bekanntesten sind am „Newspaper Rock“ angebracht. In dessen Nähe liegen auch die Ruinen eines Pueblos aus dem 11. Jahrhundert, des Puerco Pueblo.
Das trockene Wüstengebiet am Rand des Colorado-Plateaus beeindruckt besonders durch die vielen Farben, die diese Landschaft zeigt. Besonders auffallend zeigen sich diese in der «bemalten Wüste» und an den «Tepees». Wie mit dem Lineal gezogen erscheinen die übereinander liegenden Gesteinsschichten:
ihre Basis besteht aus zum Teil von Eisenoxid rötlich gefärbtem Gestein,
die weiße Schicht darüber besteht aus Sandstein,
es folgt eine kräftig rot gefärbte Schicht von mit Eisen durchsetztem Sedimentgestein (Schluff),
die Kuppe schließlich besteht aus dunklem Ton, der seine Farbe durch Beimengung von organischem Kohlenstoff erhielt.
Innerhalb des Parks lässt sich das Fortschreiten der Erosion gut beobachten. Während an den „Tepees“ die oberste Tonschicht schon fast abgetragen ist, so ist im höher liegenden Gebiet der „Blue Mesa“ bislang nur diese sichtbar.
Vor etwa 215 Millionen Jahren, in der Zeitperiode der späten Trias, befand sich hier ein von vielen Flüssen durchzogenes Schwemmland. Araukarien, Baumfarne und Nadelhölzer bildeten die Vegetation. Krokodilartige Reptilien, Riesen-Amphibien, auch kleinere Dinosaurier lebten in diesem Land. Zeugnis davon geben viele Funde von Fossilien in der Chinle-Formation.
Umgestürzte Bäume wurden von Fluten unter Schlamm und Schlick begraben. Vergraben von weiteren Ablagerungen verlangsamte sich der natürliche Zerfall des Holzes aufgrund fehlenden Sauerstoffs. Unter der dicker werdenden Sedimentabdeckung sickerte kieselsäurehaltiges Grundwasser in die Baumstämme ein. Quarz und Chalcedon lagerten sich in den Hohlräumen der Stämme ein, ersetzten nach und nach das Zellgewebe und erhielten so die Holzstrukturen der Stämme in Stein.
Die Schichten sanken weiter ab und wurden erneut überschwemmt. Immer mehr Schichten von durch Wasser herangetragenem Material lagerten sich darüber ab. Sehr viel später einsetzende tektonische Bewegungen in der Erdkruste (siehe Laramische Gebirgsbildung) hoben die Landoberfläche heraus, die dabei auftretenden Spannungen innerhalb der Gesteinsschichten ließen die Stämme zerbrechen. Die nun verstärkt einsetzende Erosion durch Wind und Wasser trug nach und nach die weicheren Schichten der Sedimente ab und legte so die versteinerten Baumstämme, die aus harter Quarzsubstanz bestehen, frei.
Crystal Forest – hier gibt es einen kleinen Rundweg, etwa einen halben Kilometer lang. Entlang des Rundwegs liegen Stämme mit einer Dicke von zum Teil fast einem Meter. Das Besondere an den Stämmen sind klare Quarz- und Amethyst-Kristalle, die sich in Hohlräumen ausgebildet haben.
(Wikipedia)
A monument of Georgian-Soviet friendship located on Georgian Military Road near Jvari Pass, where road reaches its maximum altitude of 2,379 meters, Geordia
Brothers in arms Charlie Boy and Freddie aged five months old in October 2009.
Freddie on the right passed away at home aged 10 after a short illness on August 20th 2019.
Charlie Boy on the left was put to sleep by a veterinary surgeon after a severe and unrecoverable neurological event after several months of gradual decline aged 15 and a half years old on December 19th 2024.
Charlie's passing brought to an end the Charlie and Freddie era, their life odyssey, their personal companionship and their flickr adventure.
Freddie May 22nd 2009- August 20th 2019.
Charlie May 22nd 2009- December 19th 2024.
Please take a look at Charlie and Freddie's album which pretty much encompasses their whole life story flic.kr/s/aHsjmfasHC
Rest in peace little fellas x.
The Monument and Preserve encompass three major lava fields and about 400 square miles (1,000 km2) of sagebrush steppe grasslands to cover a total area of 1,117 square miles (2,893 km2). All three lava fields lie along the Great Rift of Idaho, with some of the best examples of open rift cracks in the world, including the deepest known on Earth at 800 feet (240 m). There are excellent examples of almost every variety of basaltic lava, as well as tree molds (cavities left by lava-incinerated trees), lava tubes (a type of cave), and many other volcanic features.
The Taj Mahal is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in a vast Mughal garden that encompasses nearly 17 hectares, in the Agra District in Uttar Pradesh. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal with construction starting in 1632 AD and completed in 1648 AD, with the mosque, the guest house and the main gateway on the south, the outer courtyard and its cloisters were added subsequently and completed in 1653 AD. The existence of several historical and Quaranic inscriptions in Arabic script have facilitated setting the chronology of Taj Mahal. For its construction, masons, stone-cutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from the Central Asia and Iran. Ustad-Ahmad Lahori was the main architect of the Taj Mahal.
The Taj Mahal is considered to be the greatest architectural achievement in the whole range of Indo-Islamic architecture. Its recognised architectonic beauty has a rhythmic combination of solids and voids, concave and convex and light shadow; such as arches and domes further increases the aesthetic aspect. The colour combination of lush green scape reddish pathway and blue sky over it show cases the monument in ever changing tints and moods. The relief work in marble and inlay with precious and semi precious stones make it a monument apart.
The uniqueness of Taj Mahal lies in some truly remarkable innovations carried out by the horticulture planners and architects of Shah Jahan. One such genius planning is the placing of tomb at one end of the quadripartite garden rather than in the exact centre, which added rich depth and perspective to the distant view of the monument. It is also, one of the best examples of raised tomb variety. The tomb is further raised on a square platform with the four sides of the octagonal base of the minarets extended beyond the square at the corners. The top of the platform is reached through a lateral flight of steps provided in the centre of the southern side. The ground plan of the Taj Mahal is in perfect balance of composition, the octagonal tomb chamber in the centre, encompassed by the portal halls and the four corner rooms. The plan is repeated on the upper floor. The exterior of the tomb is square in plan, with chamfered corners. The large double storied domed chamber, which houses the cenotaphs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan, is a perfect octagon in plan. The exquisite octagonal marble lattice screen encircling both cenotaphs is a piece of superb workmanship. It is highly polished and richly decorated with inlay work. The borders of the frames are inlaid with precious stones representing flowers executed with wonderful perfection. The hues and the shades of the stones used to make the leaves and the flowers appear almost real. The cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal is in perfect centre of the tomb chamber, placed on a rectangular platform decorated with inlaid flower plant motifs. The cenotaph of Shah Jahan is greater than Mumtaz Mahal and installed more than thirty years later by the side of the latter on its west. The upper cenotaphs are only illusory and the real graves are in the lower tomb chamber (crypt), a practice adopted in the imperial Mughal tombs.
The four free-standing minarets at the corners of the platform added a hitherto unknown dimension to the Mughal architecture. The four minarets provide not only a kind of spatial reference to the monument but also give a three dimensional effect to the edifice.
The most impressive in the Taj Mahal complex next to the tomb, is the main gate which stands majestically in the centre of the southern wall of the forecourt. The gate is flanked on the north front by double arcade galleries. The garden in front of the galleries is subdivided into four quarters by two main walk-ways and each quarters in turn subdivided by the narrower cross-axial walkways, on the Timurid-Persian scheme of the walled in garden. The enclosure walls on the east and west have a pavilion at the centre.
The Taj Mahal is a perfect symmetrical planned building, with an emphasis of bilateral symmetry along a central axis on which the main features are placed. The building material used is brick-in-lime mortar veneered with red sandstone and marble and inlay work of precious/semi precious stones. The mosque and the guest house in the Taj Mahal complex are built of red sandstone in contrast to the marble tomb in the centre. Both the buildings have a large platform over the terrace at their front. Both the mosque and the guest house are the identical structures. They have an oblong massive prayer hall consist of three vaulted bays arranged in a row with central dominant portal. The frame of the portal arches and the spandrels are veneered in white marble. The spandrels are filled with flowery arabesques of stone intarsia and the arches bordered with rope molding.
The term Tableware encompasses all of the dishes, utensils and vessels used when dining.
We use a variety of tableware and utensils when we dine. Such examples are knives, forks, spoons, chopsticks, skewers, tongs, and even cocktail sticks. Along with those we use plates and bowls. Not forgetting drinking vessels.
These items are made from many different materials such as stainless steel, plastic, wood, ceramic, and paper.
Denali National Park and Preserve encompasses 6 million acres of Alaska’s interior wilderness. Its centerpiece is 20,310-ft.-high Denali (Mount McKinley), North America’s tallest peak. With terrain of tundra, spruce forest and glaciers, the park is home to wildlife including grizzly bears, wolves, moose, caribou and Dall sheep. Popular activities in summer include biking, backpacking, hiking and mountaineering.
We chose to spend more money to visit Denali National park in the hope of seeing more bears, but we were told that there are only around 350 grizzly bears in the park. Not that many when you consider that the park is 6 million acres.
Nubia was a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between Aswan in southern Egypt and Khartoum in central Sudan. It was the seat of one of the earliest civilizations of ancient Africa, with a history that can be traced from at least 2500 BC onward with the Kerma culture. The latter was conquered by the New Kingdom of Egypt under pharaoh Thutmose I around 1500 BC. Nubia was home to several empires, most prominently the kingdom of Kush, which conquered Egypt during the 8th century BC during the reign of Piye and ruled the country as its Twenty-fifth Dynasty (to be replaced a century later by the native Egyptian Twenty-sixth Dynasty).
The Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) is a carnivorous bear whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle, encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is a large bear, approximately the same size as the omnivorous Kodiak bear (Ursus arctos middendorffi). A boar (adult male) weighs around 350–700 kg (772–1,543 lb), while a sow (adult female) is about half that size. Although it is the sister species of the brown bear, it has evolved to occupy a narrower ecological niche, with many body characteristics adapted for cold temperatures, for moving across snow, ice and open water, and for hunting seals, which make up most of its diet. Although most polar bears are born on land, they spend most of their time on the sea ice. Their scientific name means "maritime bear" and derives from this fact. Polar bears hunt their preferred food of seals from the edge of sea ice, often living off fat reserves when no sea ice is present. Because of their dependence on the sea ice, polar bears are classified as marine mammals; an alternative basis for classification as marine mammals is that they depend on the ocean as their main food source.
Because of expected habitat loss caused by climate change, the polar bear is classified as a vulnerable species, and at least three of the nineteen polar bear subpopulations are currently in decline. For decades, large-scale hunting raised international concern for the future of the species, but populations rebounded after controls and quotas began to take effect. For thousands of years, the polar bear has been a key figure in the material, spiritual, and cultural life of circumpolar peoples, and polar bears remain important in their cultures. (wikipedia)
Polar bear were hunted heavily in Savalbard, Norway throughout the 19th century and to as recently as 1973, when the conservation treaty was signed. 900 bears a year were harvested in the 1920s and after World War II, there were as many as 400–500 harvested annually. Some regulations of hunting did exist. In 1927, poisoning was outlawed while in 1939, certain denning sights were declared off limits. The killing of females and cubs was made illegal in 1965. Killing of polar bears decreased somewhat 25–30 years before the treaty. Despite this, the polar bear population continued to decline and by 1973, only around 1000 bears were left in Svalbard. Only with the passage of the treaty did they begin to recover. We were very fortunate to see Polar Bears on a recent trip with National Geographic/Lindblad Expeditions around the Svalbard Archipelago. The summer of 2017 proved to be one of the best sea ice years in a long time. However, this was due to very late winter and no spring. They are a magnificent mammal and it was a real thrill and honour to watch bears at reasonably close range.
Crystal Forest
Petrified Forest National Park is a United States national park in Navajo and Apache counties in northeastern Arizona. Named for its large deposits of petrified wood, the fee area of the park covers about 230 square miles (600 square kilometers), encompassing semi-desert shrub steppe as well as highly eroded and colorful badlands. The park's headquarters is about 26 miles (42 km) east of Holbrook along Interstate 40 (I-40), which parallels the BNSF Railway's Southern Transcon, the Puerco River, and historic U.S. Route 66, all crossing the park roughly east–west. The site, the northern part of which extends into the Painted Desert, was declared a national monument in 1906 and a national park in 1962. About 800,000 people visit the park each year and take part in activities including sightseeing, photography, hiking, and backpacking.
Averaging about 5,400 feet (1,600 m) in elevation, the park has a dry windy climate with temperatures that vary from summer highs of about 100 °F (38 °C) to winter lows well below freezing. More than 400 species of plants, dominated by grasses such as bunchgrass, blue grama, and sacaton, are found in the park. Fauna include larger animals such as pronghorns, coyotes, and bobcats, many smaller animals, such as deer mice, snakes, lizards, seven kinds of amphibians, and more than 200 species of birds, some of which are permanent residents and many of which are migratory. About half of the park is designated wilderness.
The Petrified Forest is known for its fossils, especially fallen trees that lived in the Late Triassic Period, about 225 million years ago. The sediments containing the fossil logs are part of the widespread and colorful Chinle Formation, from which the Painted Desert gets its name. Beginning about 60 million years ago, the Colorado Plateau, of which the park is part, was pushed upward by tectonic forces and exposed to increased erosion. All of the park's rock layers above the Chinle, except geologically recent ones found in parts of the park, have been removed by wind and water. In addition to petrified logs, fossils found in the park have included Late Triassic ferns, cycads, ginkgoes, and many other plants as well as fauna including giant reptiles called phytosaurs, large amphibians, and early dinosaurs. Paleontologists have been unearthing and studying the park's fossils since the early 20th century.
The park's earliest human inhabitants arrived at least 8,000 years ago. By about 2,000 years ago, they were growing corn in the area and shortly thereafter building pit houses in what would become the park. Later inhabitants built above-ground dwellings called pueblos. Although a changing climate caused the last of the park's pueblos to be abandoned by about 1400 CE, more than 600 archeological sites, including petroglyphs, have been discovered in the park. In the 16th century, Spanish explorers visited the area, and by the mid-19th century a U.S. team had surveyed an east–west route through the area where the park is now located and noted the petrified wood. Later, roads and a railway followed similar routes and gave rise to tourism and, before the park was protected, to large-scale removal of fossils. Theft of petrified wood remains a problem in the 21st century.
(Wikipedia)
Der Petrified-Forest-Nationalpark ist ein Nationalpark der Vereinigten Staaten im Nordosten Arizonas. Der Park gehört zum südlichen Colorado-Plateau und der Painted Desert, einer Wüste auf rund 1800 m über dem Meer. Er bewahrt geologisch bemerkenswertes Sedimentgestein der Obertrias mit einer Vielzahl an Fossilien. Im Gebiet liegen ausgedehnte Fundstätten von verkieseltem Holz, daher der Name „Versteinerter Wald“.
Am 8. Dezember 1906 wurde ein Teil der Fundstätten als National Monument unter Schutz gestellt, 1932 kam ein Teil der Painted Desert dazu, das Schutzgebiet umfasste seitdem eine Fläche rund 378 km². Der Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten stufte das Gebiet 1962 zum Nationalpark auf. 1970 wurden etwas mehr als die Hälfte der damaligen Fläche unter den erweiterten Schutz eines Wilderness Areas gestellt. Seit 2004 läuft ein Programm zur Erweiterung des Parkgebietes auf 885 km². Benachbarte Flächen anderer Bundesbehörden sollen dem Nationalpark übertragen werden, private Grundstücke werden angekauft, wenn Mittel verfügbar sind. Im September 2011 wurden rund 105 km² einer angekauften Ranch dem Park hinzugefügt.
Im nördlichen Teil des Parks, der oberhalb der Interstate 40 zwischen Holbrook und Navajo liegt, befindet sich die „Painted Desert“. Diese ist ein trockenes Brachland, wo Erosion eine farbenfrohe Landschaft gestaltet hat.
Das meiste versteinerte Holz kann im Südteil des Nationalparks betrachtet werden, hier finden sich auch alte Felsritzzeichnungen, sogenannte Petroglyphen. Die bekanntesten sind am „Newspaper Rock“ angebracht. In dessen Nähe liegen auch die Ruinen eines Pueblos aus dem 11. Jahrhundert, des Puerco Pueblo.
Das trockene Wüstengebiet am Rand des Colorado-Plateaus beeindruckt besonders durch die vielen Farben, die diese Landschaft zeigt. Besonders auffallend zeigen sich diese in der «bemalten Wüste» und an den «Tepees». Wie mit dem Lineal gezogen erscheinen die übereinander liegenden Gesteinsschichten:
ihre Basis besteht aus zum Teil von Eisenoxid rötlich gefärbtem Gestein,
die weiße Schicht darüber besteht aus Sandstein,
es folgt eine kräftig rot gefärbte Schicht von mit Eisen durchsetztem Sedimentgestein (Schluff),
die Kuppe schließlich besteht aus dunklem Ton, der seine Farbe durch Beimengung von organischem Kohlenstoff erhielt.
Innerhalb des Parks lässt sich das Fortschreiten der Erosion gut beobachten. Während an den „Tepees“ die oberste Tonschicht schon fast abgetragen ist, so ist im höher liegenden Gebiet der „Blue Mesa“ bislang nur diese sichtbar.
Vor etwa 215 Millionen Jahren, in der Zeitperiode der späten Trias, befand sich hier ein von vielen Flüssen durchzogenes Schwemmland. Araukarien, Baumfarne und Nadelhölzer bildeten die Vegetation. Krokodilartige Reptilien, Riesen-Amphibien, auch kleinere Dinosaurier lebten in diesem Land. Zeugnis davon geben viele Funde von Fossilien in der Chinle-Formation.
Umgestürzte Bäume wurden von Fluten unter Schlamm und Schlick begraben. Vergraben von weiteren Ablagerungen verlangsamte sich der natürliche Zerfall des Holzes aufgrund fehlenden Sauerstoffs. Unter der dicker werdenden Sedimentabdeckung sickerte kieselsäurehaltiges Grundwasser in die Baumstämme ein. Quarz und Chalcedon lagerten sich in den Hohlräumen der Stämme ein, ersetzten nach und nach das Zellgewebe und erhielten so die Holzstrukturen der Stämme in Stein.
Die Schichten sanken weiter ab und wurden erneut überschwemmt. Immer mehr Schichten von durch Wasser herangetragenem Material lagerten sich darüber ab. Sehr viel später einsetzende tektonische Bewegungen in der Erdkruste (siehe Laramische Gebirgsbildung) hoben die Landoberfläche heraus, die dabei auftretenden Spannungen innerhalb der Gesteinsschichten ließen die Stämme zerbrechen. Die nun verstärkt einsetzende Erosion durch Wind und Wasser trug nach und nach die weicheren Schichten der Sedimente ab und legte so die versteinerten Baumstämme, die aus harter Quarzsubstanz bestehen, frei.
Crystal Forest – hier gibt es einen kleinen Rundweg, etwa einen halben Kilometer lang. Entlang des Rundwegs liegen Stämme mit einer Dicke von zum Teil fast einem Meter. Das Besondere an den Stämmen sind klare Quarz- und Amethyst-Kristalle, die sich in Hohlräumen ausgebildet haben.
(Wikipedia)
NGC 7822 - I choose this target for the lovely dark lanes of dust that lie in between us and the nebulosity in this region.
About NGC 7822: A young star forming complex in the constellation of Cepheus. The complex encompasses the emission region (Sharpless 171.) NGC 7822 is believed to be about 3000 light years away.
Image:
(96) five minute shots
Williams Optics Z61ii Refractor
ZWO 533MC Pro Camera
iOptron GEM28 mount
Processed in PixInsight:
- WBP for stacking
- Dynamic Crop
- Dynamic Background Extraction
- Photometric Color Calibration
- MLT Noise Reduction
- EZ Soft Stretch Script
- EZ Star Reduction (Adam Block)
- HDRMT
- SCNR
- Curves with stars masked to slight reduce background and enhance nebula
- Curves to increase saturation
- MLT Sharpen
Built in 1914 at no. 911 Wellington Street East.
"This is a Prairie-style single-story residence, noticeably located at the south-west corner of Wellington and Woodward in the city’s east-central area. It encompasses part of Lot 15, Plan 568 and Lot 29, Plan 930. GIS coordinates: 705,711.336 5,154,111.585 Meters
This handsome, distinctive, well maintained home is the best example of a Prairie-style residence to be found in Sault Ste. Marie. It is an elegant Craftsman style bungalow with a variety of gently pitched roof slopes and a small hipped dormer. The eaves are deep and bracketed. The columns are plain with square abacuses and no base. The inclusion of classical modillions in a residence is rare in Sault Ste. Marie and to Prairie-style homes. A variety of rustic building materials have been utilized: stucco, wood, brick and stone. The window groupings consist of both casement and sash with inner muntin bars. Those windows on the front have been replaced with modern aluminum windows but the windows around the sunroom on the east side and those on the partial second floor are original. Many of the original storm windows are stored in the garage. Craftsmanship in the building is excellent yet simple and functional. Even the interior fireplace sports hand-carved brackets of similar design to those supporting the overhanging exterior eaves. With the exception of the kitchen and bathroom, the main floor rooms are still finished with the original oak trim and floors. An old photo of the house indicates that cedar shingles once adorned the roof.
This residence was constructed, in its present form, in 1914 for Richard H. Carney who was District manager for Canada Life Assurance Co. It was the Carney family who was responsible for construction of the Carney Block on Queen St. It thus reflects the affluence of an upper middle class business family which was profiting from the Clergue industrial expansion of the day. A 1914 date and initials of the stone mason builder may be found in the basement wall mortar between the sandstone pieces. It is likely this sandstone was quarried from the locks as was typical for the day. This house was purchased in 1939 by the MacIntosh family who owned it until 2004.
The key exterior features that embody the heritage value of 911 Wellington St. E. include:
- Variety of gently pitched roof slopes provide horizontal emphasis reflecting the Prairiestyle bungalow
- Clerestory lighting that provides light to a half story loft
- A hipped dormer and deep bracketed eaves
- Columns with abacuses and no base but adorned with modillions
- Rustic building materials including stucco, wood, brick and stone
- Original casement windows with sash and inner muntin bars on the sunroom (east side)
and on the half story loft
- Home and property have been well maintained in traditional style with little change to
the exterior
- An interior with oak trim, baseboards and flooring unchanged save for the kitchen and
bathroom
- A beautiful fireplace with brackets supporting the mantle matching those under the
eaves on the exterior
- The best example of a classical Prairie-style residence in Sault Ste. Marie distinctively
located in a prominent east-central location
- A residence which reflects the affluence of a prominent Sault business family built
during the heyday of the Clergue industrial empire" - info from the Sault Ste. Marie Municipal Heritage Committee.
"Sault Ste. Marie (/ˈsuː seɪnt məˈriː/ SOO-seint-ma-REE) is a city on the St. Marys River in Ontario, Canada, close to the Canada–US border. It is the seat of the Algoma District and the third largest city in Northern Ontario, after Sudbury and Thunder Bay.
The Ojibwe, the indigenous Anishinaabe inhabitants of the area, call this area Baawitigong, meaning "place of the rapids." They used this as a regional meeting place during whitefish season in the St. Mary's Rapids. (The anglicized form of this name, Bawating, is used in institutional and geographic names in the area.)
To the south, across the river, is the United States and the Michigan city of the same name. These two communities were one city until a new treaty after the War of 1812 established the border between Canada and the United States in this area at the St. Mary's River. In the 21st century, the two cities are joined by the International Bridge, which connects Interstate 75 on the Michigan side, and Huron Street (and former Ontario Secondary Highway 550B) on the Ontario side. Shipping traffic in the Great Lakes system bypasses the Saint Mary's Rapids via the American Soo Locks, the world's busiest canal in terms of tonnage that passes through it, while smaller recreational and tour boats use the Canadian Sault Ste. Marie Canal.
French colonists referred to the rapids on the river as Les Saults de Ste. Marie and the village name was derived from that. The rapids and cascades of the St. Mary's River descend more than 6 m (20 ft) from the level of Lake Superior to the level of the lower lakes. Hundreds of years ago, this slowed shipping traffic, requiring an overland portage of boats and cargo from one lake to the other. The entire name translates to "Saint Mary's Rapids" or "Saint Mary's Falls". The word sault is pronounced [so] in French, and /suː/ in the English pronunciation of the city name. Residents of the city are called Saultites.
Sault Ste. Marie is bordered to the east by the Rankin and Garden River First Nation reserves, and to the west by Prince Township. To the north, the city is bordered by an unincorporated portion of Algoma District, which includes the local services boards of Aweres, Batchawana Bay, Goulais and District, Peace Tree and Searchmont. The city's census agglomeration, including the townships of Laird, Prince and Macdonald, Meredith and Aberdeen Additional and the First Nations reserves of Garden River and Rankin, had a total population of 79,800 in 2011.
Native American settlements, mostly of Ojibwe-speaking peoples, existed here for more than 500 years. In the late 17th century, French Jesuit missionaries established a mission at the First Nations village. This was followed by development of a fur trading post and larger settlement, as traders, trappers and Native Americans were attracted to the community. It was considered one community and part of Canada until after the War of 1812 and settlement of the border between Canada and the US at the Ste. Mary's River. At that time, the US prohibited British traders from any longer operating in its territory, and the areas separated by the river began to develop as two communities, both named Sault Ste. Marie." - info from Wikipedia.
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Saltwell Park, based in the heart of Gateshead, it is one of Britain's finest examples of a Victorian Park. The park has seen an amazing transformation and has been restored to its Victorian splendour.
It encompasses 55 acres of landscapes, woodland and ornamental gardens as well as public sports facilities, a refreshment house, a lake, play areas, bowling greens, Saltwell Towers, the animal house, an education centre and a maze.
Saltwell Tower's a fairy tale mansion house, now houses a visitor centre and cafe.
The rocky shoreline of Acadia National Park encompasses most of Mount Desert Island's eastern side. I am guessing that if you walked along the edge of the shore, it would measure 25-30 miles. All along that walk, you would see one of the most rugged coastlines on the eastern US coast. Towering cliffs and rocks so rugged that you wonder how they were formed. Along the way you might expect some beautiful beaches to enjoy. Well, you would be disappointed. There is only one beach along the coast and it is this one, Sand Beach. This little beach (less than 300 yards long) is one of the most visited attractions in Acadia. Swimming is allowed, but the Atlantic Ocean rarely gets above a water temperature of 55 degrees.
The beach is protected by Great Head, pictured in the photo, and is probably why the beach was formed. Normally, the beach is packed with people, but being mid-October and with the ominous clouds approaching, there weren't many there. All the better to take in its beauty.
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The reserve encompasses a large expanse of water which attracts a wide variety of birds and other aquatic life. The surrounding woods, fields and streams also support a rich variety of wildlife.
The Rub' al Khali is the largest contiguous sand desert in the world, encompassing most of the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula. The desert covers some 650,000 square kilometres including parts of Saudi Arabia, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. It is part of the larger Arabian Desert. One very large pile of sand!!!
The desert is 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) long, and 500 kilometres (310 mi) wide. Its surface elevation varies from 800 metres (2,600 ft) in the southwest to around sea level in the northeast. The terrain is covered with sand dunes with heights up to 250 metres (820 ft), interspersed with gravel and gypsum plains. The sand is of a reddish-orange color due to the presence of feldspar. There are also brackish salt flats in some areas, such as the Umm al Samim area on the desert's eastern edge. Along the middle length of the desert there are a number of raised, hardened areas of calcium carbonate, gypsum, marl, or clay that were once the site of shallow lakes.
These lakes existed during periods from 6,000 to 5,000 years ago and 3,000 to 2,000 years ago. The lakes are thought to have formed as a result of "cataclysmic rainfall" similar to present-day monsoon rains and most probably lasted for only a few years. Evidence suggests that the lakes were home to a variety of flora and fauna. Fossil remains indicate the presence of several animal species, such as hippopotamus, water buffalo, and long-horned cattle. The lakes also contained small snails, ostracods, and when conditions were suitable, freshwater clams. Deposits of calcium carbonate and opal phytoliths indicate the presence of plants and algae.
There is also evidence of human activity dating from 3,000 to 2,000 years ago, including chipped flint tools, but no actual human remains have been found. The region is classified as "hyper-arid", with typical annual rainfall of less than 3 centimetres (1.2 in). Daily maximum temperatures average at 47 °C (117 °F) and can reach as high as 51 °C (124 °F). Fauna includes arachnids (e.g. scorpions) and rodents, while plants live throughout the Empty Quarter. As an ecoregion, the Rub' al Khali falls within the Arabian Desert and East Saharo-Arabian xeric shrublands. The Asiatic cheetahs, once widespread in Saudi Arabia, are regionally extinct from the desert.
Geologically, the Empty Quarter is one of the most oil-rich sites in the world. Vast oil reserves have been discovered underneath the sand dunes.[citation needed] Sheyba, at the northeastern edge of the Rub' al Khali, is a major light crude oil-producing site in Saudi Arabia. Ghawar, the largest oil field in the world, extends southward into the northernmost parts of the Empty Quarter.
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Established in 1988 as a national reserve, City of Rocks encompasses 14,407 acres of land (about one quarter is privately owned) and is renowned for its scenic, geologic, and historic significance.
I saw a number of climbers. There are at least two climbers on this rock, and one on the ground. City of Rocks is known one of the finest granite-face climbing sites anywhere.
Photographed the second day of a road trip to visit some of Utahs finest scenery and meet up with Steve, a hiking and flickr friend. Steve suggested that I visit City of Rocks National Park near Almo, Idaho, a few miles north of the Utah Idaho border. As is visible in this photo there was cloud cover. Not visible are a few snowflakes, wind, and the cold air temperature. I didn't spend as much time as I wanted because of the weather and long drive ahead of me. I snapped a few photos from the road. IMG_5269
The Innenhafen (Inner Harbor) in Duisburg, encompassing an area of 89ha., was for over a hundred years, during the high point of the Industrial Revolution, the central harbor and trading point of the town. Since the mid-60s, the importance of the harbour declined and it lay in a disused condition for 20 years, before plans for renovation were drawn up. This former industrial area been fundamentally transformed, a process which started as a part of the International Building Exhibition Emscher Park (IBA) which ran from 1989 until 1999.
The basis for this model of development in the Ruhr district was delivered in 1994 by the British architect Norman Foster. Since then, the Inner Harbor has transformed itself into a district combining employment, housing, culture and water-based leisure activities. Today, the Inner Harbour is both an industrial monument and a main point on the Route der Industriekultur.
wikipedia
"Sault Ste. Marie (/ˌsuː seɪnt məˈriː/ SOO-seint-ma-REE) is the only city in, and county seat of, Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. With a population of 14,144 at the 2010 census, it is the second-most populated city in the Upper Peninsula after Marquette. It is the central city of the Sault Ste. Marie, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Chippewa County and had a population of 38,520 at the 2010 census.
Sault Ste. Marie was settled as early as 1668, which makes it Michigan's oldest city and among the oldest cities in the United States. Located at the northeastern edge of the Upper Peninsula, it is separated by the St. Marys River from the much-larger city of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The two are connected by the Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge, which represents the northern terminus of Interstate 75. This portion of the river also contains the Soo Locks, as well as a swinging railroad bridge. The city is also home to Lake Superior State University.
For centuries Ojibwe (Chippewa) Native Americans had lived in the area, which they referred to as Baawitigong ("at the cascading rapids"), after the rapids of St. Marys River. French colonists renamed the region Saulteaux ("rapids" in French).
In 1668, French missionaries Claude Dablon and Jacques Marquette founded a Jesuit mission at this site. Sault Ste. Marie developed as the fourth-oldest European city in the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains, and the oldest permanent settlement in contemporary Michigan state. On June 4, 1671, Simon-François Daumont de Saint-Lusson, a colonial agent, was dispatched from Quebec to the distant tribes, proposing a congress of Indian nations at the Falls of St. Mary between Lake Huron and Lake Superior. Trader Nicolas Perrot helped attract the principal chiefs, and representatives of 14 Indigenous nations were invited for the elaborate ceremony. The French officials proclaimed France's appropriation of the immense territory surrounding Lake Superior in the name of King Louis XIV.
In the 18th century, the settlement became an important center of the fur trade, when it was a post for the British-owned North West Company, based in Montreal. The fur trader John Johnston, a Scots-Irish immigrant from Belfast, was considered the first European settler in 1790. He married a high-ranking Ojibwe woman named Ozhaguscodaywayquay, the daughter of a prominent chief, Waubojeeg. She also became known as Susan Johnston. Their marriage was one of many alliances in the northern areas between high-ranking European traders and Ojibwe. The family was prominent among Native Americans, First Nations, and Europeans from both Canada and the United States. They had eight children who learned fluent Ojibwe, English and French. The Johnstons entertained a variety of trappers, explorers, traders, and government officials, especially during the years before the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States.
For more than 140 years, the settlement was a single community under French colonial, and later, British colonial rule. After the War of 1812, a US–UK Joint Boundary Commission finally fixed the border in 1817 between the Michigan Territory of the US and the British Province of Upper Canada to follow the river in this area. Whereas traders had formerly moved freely through the whole area, the United States forbade Canadian traders from operating in the United States, which reduced their trade and disrupted the area's economy. The American and Canadian communities of Sault Ste. Marie were each incorporated as independent municipalities toward the end of the 19th century.
As a result of the fur trade, the settlement attracted Ojibwe and Ottawa, Métis, and ethnic Europeans of various nationalities. It was a two-tiered society, with fur traders (who had capital) and their families and upper-class Ojibwe in the upper echelon. In the aftermath of the War of 1812, however, the community's society changed markedly.
The U.S. built Fort Brady near the settlement, introducing new troops and settlers, mostly Anglo-American. The UK and the US settled on a new northern boundary in 1817, dividing the US and Canada along St. Mary's River. The US prohibited British fur traders from operating in the United States. After completion of the Erie Canal in New York State in 1825 (expanded in 1832), the number of settlers migrating to Ohio and Michigan increased dramatically from New York and New England, bringing with them the Yankee culture of the Northern Tier. Their numbers overwhelmed the cosmopolitan culture of the earlier settlers. They practiced more discrimination against Native Americans and Métis.
The falls proved a choke point for shipping between the Great Lakes. Early ships traveling to and from Lake Superior were portaged around the rapids in a lengthy process (much like moving a house) that could take weeks. Later, only the cargoes were unloaded, hauled around the rapids, and then loaded onto other ships waiting below the rapids. The first American lock, the State Lock, was built in 1855; it was instrumental in improving shipping. The lock has been expanded and improved over the years.
In 1900, Northwestern Leather Company opened a tannery in Sault Ste. Marie. The tannery was founded to process leather for the upper parts of shoes, which was finer than that for soles. After the factory closed in 1958, the property was sold to Filborn Limestone, a subsidiary of Algoma Steel Corporation.
In March 1938 during the Great Depression, Sophia Nolte Pullar bequeathed $70,000 for construction of the Pullar Community Building, which opened in 1939. This building held an indoor ice rink composed of artificial ice, then a revolutionary concept. The ice rink is still owned by the city." - info from Wikipedia.
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaCityUK
MediaCityUK is a 200-acre (81 ha) mixed-use property development site on the banks of the Manchester Ship Canal in Salford and Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. The project is being developed by Peel Media, and its principal tenants are media organisations and the University of Salford. The land occupied by the development was part of the Port of Manchester and Manchester Docks.
The BBC signalled its intention to move jobs to Manchester in 2004, and the Salford Quays site was chosen in 2006. The Peel Group was granted planning permission to develop the site in 2007, and construction of the development, with its own energy generation plant and communications network, began the same year. Based in Quay House, the principal tenant is the BBC, whose move marks a large-scale decentralisation from London. ITV Studios UK and international television production company ITV Granada completed the first phase of its move to MediaCityUK in March 2013. The Studios on Broadway houses seven high-definition studios, claimed to be the largest such facility in Europe.
MediaCityUK is to be developed in two phases. The 36-acre (15 ha) first phase was completed in 2011, and the second is dependent on its success. Metrolink, Greater Manchester's light-rail system, was extended to MediaCityUK with the opening of the MediaCityUK Metrolink station on 20 September 2010 and further extensions are planned. Road access was improved by the construction of Broadway Link Road.
Location
Salford Quays, at the eastern end of the Manchester Ship Canal on the site of the former Manchester Docks, became one of the first and largest urban regeneration projects in the United Kingdom after the closure of the dockyards in 1982.[1] It forms part of an area known as The Quays, a joint tourism initiative between Salford City Council and Trafford Borough Council, which also encompasses Trafford Wharf and Old Trafford, on the Manchester side of the ship canal. As well as Salford Quays, The Quays development includes The Lowry Arts Centre and the Imperial War Museum North.[2]
A total of 200 acres (81 ha) of land have been earmarked for the development of MediaCityUK.[3] The first phase of MediaCityUK's development was primarily focused on a 36-acre (15 ha) site at Pier 9 of Salford Quays.[4] In 2010 it was announced that an ITV production centre would be built on Trafford Wharf in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford.[5]
Background
In 2003 reports emerged that, as part of the plans for the renewal of its Royal Charter, the BBC was considering moving whole channels or strands of production from London to Manchester.[6] Early discussions involved a plan where the BBC would move to a new media village proposed by Granada Television at its Bonded Warehouse site at Granada Studios in the city.[7][8]
Proposals to relocate 1,800 jobs to Manchester were unveiled by BBC Director General, Mark Thompson, in December 2004. The BBC justified the move as its spending per head was low in Manchester, it had low approval ratings in the north and its facilities at New Broadcasting House needed replacing.[9][10] An initial list of 18 sites was narrowed to a short-list of four during 2005, two in Manchester – one at Quay Street, close to Granada Studios, and one on Whitworth Street and two in Salford – one close to the Manchester Arena and one at Pier 9 on Salford Quays.[11] The site at Salford Quays was chosen in June 2006 and the move north was conditional on a satisfactory licence fee settlement from the government.[12]
The chosen site was the last undeveloped site at Manchester Docks, an area that had been subject to considerable investment and was emerging as a tourist destination, residential and commercial centre. The vision of the developers Peel Group, Salford City Council, the Central Salford Urban Regeneration Company and the Northwest Regional Development Agency was to create a significant new media city capable of competing on a global scale with developments in Copenhagen and Singapore.[3]
Salford City Council granted planning consent for an outline application for a multi-use development on the site involving residential, retail and studio and office space in October 2006[13] and consent for a detailed planning application followed in May 2007.[14] In the same month, the BBC Trust approved moving five London-based departments to the development.[15] The departments to be moved were Sport, Children's, Learning, Future Media and Technology and Radio Five Live.[16]
Construction started in 2007 with the site owner, Peel Group as developer and Bovis Lend Lease as contractor.[17] The media facilities opened in stages from 2007. The first facility being the Pie Factory, which was located in a refurbished bakery. It featured three large sound stages suitable for drama productions and commercials.[18][19] In January 2011 Peel Media received planning permission to convert on-site offices used by Bovis Lend Lease during the construction of the first phase into the Greenhouse.[20]
The first trial show took place in November 2010 in Studio HQ2.[21] The half-hour test show featured a power failure and a fire drill, which involved a full evacuation of the audience and crew.[21] The first programme filmed at MediaCityUK was Don't Scare the Hare in February 2011, and the first to transfer was A Question of Sport, the same month.[22] BBC employees started transferring to the development in May 2011, a process that will take 36 weeks. BBC Director General Mark Thompson confirmed that up to a further 1,000 jobs could be created or transferred to the site.[23][24] In January 2012 the BBC was accused of not supporting the community by MP, Hazel Blears, after it was reported that only 26 of 680 jobs created at the development had gone to residents of Salford.[25]
Channel 4 has expressed an interest in moving some activities to MediaCityUK.[26] The BBC has stated that either BBC One or BBC Two could move to MediaCityUK by 2015 if the confirmed moves are successful.[27]
Buildings and facilities
Traditional street names are not used in the development. The main thoroughfares are styled blue, white, pink, yellow, orange, purple and green where street furniture and coloured ambient lighting will be colour-coded to match. A stylised map of the site has been devised. Landscape architects, Gillespies regenerated the brownfield site to create public spaces.[28] The focal point is a piazza and landscaped park, which stretches to the ship canal around which the buildings are located. The piazza's two distinct areas, The Green and The Stage are capable of holding events for up to 6500 people.[29] In front of The Studios there is a free-standing big screen, which is viewable from the piazza.[30]
The BBC occupy three buildings: Bridge House, Dock House, and Quay House, all designed by architects Wilkinson Eyre. With simple forms intended to harmonise with their waterfront settings, the buildings provide 450,000 square feet (42,000 m2) of accommodation.[31]
Quay House is the BBC's 135,000-square-foot (12,500 m2) main building from where BBC Breakfast, Match of the Day, BBC Radio 5 Live, North West Tonight and BBC Radio Manchester are broadcast.[32] This facility alone is twice the size of BBC Television Centre at 58,700-square-foot (5,450 m2) and four times the size of available studio space at ITV's The London Studios 31,416-square-foot (2,918.6 m2).
Bridge House is where Blue Peter, Mastermind, Dragons Den, CBBC, and BBC Bitesize are produced.[32]
Dock House contains the BBC's Research & Development and Religion & Ethics departments.[32] In November 2011 BBC Radio 6 Music teams moved from New Broadcasting House into Dock House, where some programmes for BBC Radio 4 are made.[33]
The Orange Tower is an 11-storey building, designed by architects Sheppard Robson. It is a glazed structure with four types of cladding, including one made of folded aluminium in a diamond pattern. It houses departments from the University of Salford on three floors and on seven floors, staff from ITV Granada.[34][35]
The Studios on Broadway,[36] contains seven high-definition studios, claimed by Peel Media to be the largest such facility in Europe.[37] The largest studio has an area of 12,500 square feet (1,160 m2), making it one of the biggest in western Europe.[17] Fitting began in 2010 at a cost of £22 million, in time for the BBC's move in summer 2011.[38] The seven studios vary in size; the large studios are on the ground floor, and the smaller studios on the first floor. The larger of the two audio studios, sitting on hydraulic jacks to insulate it from noise generated in the surrounding studios, is dedicated to the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra.[39] The studio block contains offices and the glass-fronted, 16-storey Holiday Inn hotel.[40]
The Pie Factory occupies the former Freshbake factory, which after closing in 2006, was converted by Peel Media into a TV, film and commercial production facility. The bakery's facilities were renovated into three sound stages, anxilliary and office space. It opened in 2007 and was the first working studio complex at MediaCityUK.[39][41]
The Greenhouse designed by architects Stephenson Bell, is a refurbished three-storey office block that has been converted into small, flexible office suites for small companies in the media and creative industries.[20]
TheHeart and NumberOne are the residential elements of the development, providing 378 apartments in two tower blocks. TheHeart is a 22-storey apartment building on the quayside and NumberOne, another 22-storey building, is next to the studio facilities.[39]
The opening swing footbridge at Salford Quays links MediaCityUK with Trafford Wharf on the southern bank of the ship canal. It was designed by Wilkinson Eyre in association with Gifford. The bridge's main span is 213 feet (65 m) when open and provides a 157-foot (48 m) wide navigation channel accommodating ships' superstructures up to 66 feet (20 m) in height. The developers specified it to be “a unique and memorable landmark”. Its visibility is created by a curved bridge deck with an offset pivot mast and array of supporting cables in a fan or sail shape. It has seating benches and is lit at night.[42][43] The bridge, constructed with funding from the Northwest Regional Development Agency, is the final link in a circular walking route connecting the development with The Lowry and Imperial War Museum North. It was officially opened by Rowan Williams and John Sentamu, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, and was opened to the public in May 2011 after landscaping works were completed.[44]
The development is powered by a gas-powered trigeneration energy plant producing electricity for cooling and heating using water from the ship canal. It is more than twice as efficient as conventional grid electricity and helped the development gain BREEAM sustainable community status.[30] The communications network is one of the most advanced in the world, with more than 20 million metres of fibre optic cable capable of delivering the internet speeds required for media production.[45]
The architecture at MediaCity has been criticised by the editor of Building Design magazine, Ellis Woodman who describes it as "a crazed accumulation of development in which every aimlessly gesticulating building sports at least three different cladding treatments. The overriding sense is one of extreme anxiety on the part of the architect. Quite how the BBC has stooped this low is hard to fathom."[46] The development was awarded the Carbuncle Cup by Building Design for the worst new building in 2011.[47] Owen Hatherley writing in The Guardian criticised the development as "an enclave, easily closed off from the life of the rest of the city".[48]
Tenants
BBC
Approximately 2,300 BBC staff will be employed at MediaCity.[49] In July 2010 it was announced that the BBC Breakfast programme would move to Salford Quays.[50] It is claimed that the development will create up to 10,000 jobs and add £1bn to the regional economy over 5 years.[51] In 2009 the BBC estimated that the move would cost up to £1 billion[52] but in May 2011, Director General Mark Thompson claimed the cost of moving was much less.[53]
BBC North is one of eight national business divisions of the BBC based here, others are BBC Breakfast, BBC Children's, BBC Radio 5 Live, BBC Research, BBC Sport, BBC Learning and the BBC Philharmonic. BBC North West has also relocated to the site.
ITV Granada
ITV Granada was interested in relocating but negotiations with the developers, Peel Media, were abandoned in 2009 amid a financial dispute.[54] After a change of management at ITV Granada, talks resumed in January 2010[55] and in December the decision to move to MediaCityUK was announced.[56] A production facility will be constructed on Trafford Wharf to house the Coronation Street sets that will be transferred from Granada Studios by 2013.[57] In March 2013, Granada Reports was broadcast from MediaCityUK signifying the completion of the initial phase of its migration from the Granada Studios in Quay Street.[58]
Satellite Information Services
Satellite Information Services (SIS) has occupied an office at The Pie Factory since 2006 and in 2010 formed a joint venture with Peel to manage the studios.[39][59] In 2011 SIS announced it would move its headquarters from London and awarded a £3 million contract to S3 Satcom and SATCOM Technologies for the provision of a nine earth station broadcast teleport on Trafford Wharf.[60][61] SIS announced the launch of its teleport in July 2012 and opened offices in the Blue Tower a month later.[62][63][64]
University of Salford
The University of Salford moved its media-related teaching and research to the MediaCityUK site in October 2011.[65] The move will controversially cost the university more than £2.25 million in rent per annum until 2020.[66]
Others
There is a diverse mix of about 40 service companies, along with small companies offering ancillary services such as casting and camera hire, occupying The Pie Factory and The Greenhouse.[18][67] Antix Productions moved into offices in The Greenhouse in 2011.[68] In 2012 the Rugby Football League will open an office in The Greenhouse to facilitate the administration of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup.[69]
In 2008, Hope High School in Salford was taken over by Oasis Community Learning, an evangelical Christian organisation,[70] and renamed Oasis Academy MediaCityUK; its new premises in Salford Quays, on the edge of the MediaCity UK site, were completed in September 2012.[71] UTC@MediaCityUK, a University Technical College backed by the University of Salford, The Lowry and the Aldridge Foundation, specialising in the creative, media and music industries will open in October 2014.[72]
Transport
The MediaCityUK Metrolink station opened on 20 September 2010,[73] part of the Metrolink light-rail system serving Greater Manchester. It lies at the end of a 360-metre (0.22 mi) spur from the Eccles line, which was built as part of Phase 3 of the Metrolink expansion project. Trams run to Piccadilly via Harbour City and Cornbrook.
Vehicular access to the Quays has been improved by the construction of Broadway Link Road, which links the site to the M602 motorway at junction 2, and by the provision of car parking. The high-rise 2116 space multi-storey car park was completed in August 2009. It is a pre-cast curved structure clad in a mixture of aluminium mesh panels and shaded aluminium tiles, comprising 11 floors of parking above the development's energy centre and commercial units.[74]
Stagecoach Manchester provides the high-frequency "City Connect" bus service linking MediaCityUK to East Didsbury, Manchester city centre, Salford Central and Salford Crescent railway stations, the University of Salford and Salford Shopping Centre.[75]
Footpaths and cycleways to Manchester city centre and 300 cycle racks encourage healthy and green ways of accessing the site.
My one little word for 2013 is TRUE.
It encompasses many things for me and it's theme is thread through many of my favourite mantras and quotes...it's about enlivening, honouring and loving my true self, it's about standing my sacred ground and shining brightly in this world.
"To thine own self be true~" William Shakespeare
“Feet on ground, heart in hand, facing forward, be yourself.” Jann Arden
“Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness that most frightens us. We ask ourselves, Who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented, and fabulous? Actually, who are you not to be? You are a child of God. Your playing small does not serve the world. There's nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people won't feel insecure around you. We are all meant to shine, as children do. We were born to make manifest the glory of God that is within us. It's not just in some of us; it's in everyone and as we let our own light shine, we unconsciously give others permission to do the same. As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others.” Marianne Williams
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin
Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3,723,914 (2018) inhabitants make it the second most populous city proper of the European Union after London. The city is one of Germany's 16 federal states. It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg, and contiguous with its capital, Potsdam. The two cities are at the center of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which is, with 6,004,857 (2015) inhabitants and an area of 30,370 square km, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions.
Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree, which flows into the River Havel (a tributary of the River Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. Among the city's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree, Havel, and Dahme rivers (the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee). Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. About one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers, canals and lakes. The city lies in the Central German dialect area, the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects.
First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes, Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417–1701), the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933), and the Third Reich (1933–1945). Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world. After World War II and its subsequent occupation by the victorious countries, the city was divided; West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave, surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961–1989) and East German territory. East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany.
Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and science. Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations and convention venues. Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination. Significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics.
Berlin is home to world-renowned universities, orchestras, museums, and entertainment venues, and is host to many sporting events. Its Zoological Garden is the most visited zoo in Europe and one of the most popular worldwide. With the world's oldest large-scale movie studio complex, Berlin is an increasingly popular location for international film productions. The city is well known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts and a very high quality of living. Since the 2000s Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unter_den_Linden
Unter den Linden (German: "under the linden trees") is a boulevard in the central Mitte district of Berlin, the capital of Germany. Running from the City Palace to Brandenburg Gate, it is named after the linden (lime) trees that line the grassed pedestrian mall on the median and the two broad carriageways. The avenue links numerous Berlin sights and landmarks and rivers for sight-seeing.
The Monument and Preserve encompass three major lava fields and about 400 square miles (1,000 km2) of sagebrush steppe grasslands to cover a total area of 1,117 square miles (2,893 km2). All three lava fields lie along the Great Rift of Idaho, with some of the best examples of open rift cracks in the world, including the deepest known on Earth at 800 feet (240 m). There are excellent examples of almost every variety of basaltic lava, as well as tree molds (cavities left by lava-incinerated trees), lava tubes (a type of cave), and many other volcanic features.
NGC 7822 is a young star forming complex in the constellation of Cepheus.
The complex encompasses the emission region designated Sharpless 171, and the young cluster of stars named Berkeley 59.
The complex is believed to be some 800-1000 pc distant (3,000 light years), with the younger components aged no more than a few million years.
The complex also includes one of the hottest stars discovered within 1 kpc of the Sun, namely BD+66 1673, which is an eclipsing binary system consisting of an O5V that exhibits a surface temperature of nearly 45000 K and a luminosity ~100,000 times that of the Sun.
The star is one of the primary sources illuminating the nebula and shaping the complex's famed pillars of creation-type formations, the elephant trunks.
(Description credits: Wikipedia)
Technical card
Imaging telescope or lens:Teleskop Service TS Photoline 107mm f/6.5 Super-Apo
Imaging camera:ZWO ASI1600MM-Cool
Mounts:Skywatcher AZ EQ-6 GT, Astro-Physics Mach-1 GTO CP4
Guiding telescope or lens:Celestron OAG Deluxe
Guiding camera:QHYCCD QHY5III174
Focal reducer:Riccardi Reducer/Flattener 0.75x
Software:Main Sequence Software Seqence Generator Pro, Astro-Physics AAPC, Pleiades Astrophoto PixInsight
Filters:Astrodon HA 36mm - 5nm, Baader Planetarium Ha 1.25" 7nm, Astrodon S-II 36mm - 5nm, Astrodon O-III 36mm - 5nm, Astrodon B Gen.2 E-series 36mm, Astrodon G Gen.2 E-series 36mm, Astrodon R Gen.2 E-series 36mm, Baader Planetarium OIII 1.25" 8.5nm, Baader Planetarium SII 1.25" 8nm
Accessories:ZWO EFW, MoonLite NiteCrawler WR30
Resolution: 1696x2276
Dates: Oct. 13, 2017, Oct. 14, 2017, Sept. 20, 2018, Sept. 22, 2018, Sept. 23, 2018, Sept. 24, 2018
Frames:
Astrodon B Gen.2 E-series 36mm: 15x5" (gain: 200.00) -20C bin 1x1
Astrodon G Gen.2 E-series 36mm: 15x5" (gain: 200.00) -20C bin 1x1
Astrodon HA 36mm - 5nm: 56x300" (gain: 200.00) -20C bin 1x1
Baader Planetarium Ha 1.25" 7nm: 50x120" (gain: 200.00) -20C bin 1x1
Baader Planetarium Ha 1.25" 7nm: 25x180" (gain: 200.00) -20C bin 1x1
Astrodon O-III 36mm - 5nm: 21x300" (gain: 200.00) -20C bin 1x1
Baader Planetarium OIII 1.25" 8.5nm: 17x120" (gain: 200.00) -20C bin 1x1
Astrodon R Gen.2 E-series 36mm: 15x5" (gain: 200.00) -20C bin 1x1
Astrodon S-II 36mm - 5nm: 15x300" (gain: 200.00) -20C bin 1x1
Baader Planetarium SII 1.25" 8nm: 16x180" (gain: 200.00) -20C bin 1x1
Integration: 12.0 hours
Avg. Moon age: 16.28 days
Avg. Moon phase: 73.22%
Astrometry.net job: 2281894
RA center: 0.897 degrees
DEC center: 67.148 degrees
Pixel scale: 2.931 arcsec/pixel
Orientation: 1.157 degrees
Field radius: 1.155 degrees
Locations: Berga Resort, Berga, Barcelona, Spain
Data source: Backyard
View Lg. by clicking on arrows in upper right hand corner..
This is the front of this beautiful church, chapel on St. Kate's campus.. The statue is called 'Our Lady of Victory'... Sometimes in summer students place flowers in the statues hands! ; )
The architecture is just beautiful as is the whole campus grounds! I just love those ornate blue doors! ; )
Life encompasses both light and darkness, symbolizing moments of clarity, enlightenment, and positivity, as well as periods of confusion, doubt, and adversity. Embracing the contrasts allows us to appreciate the beauty of life's complexities and find meaning in its challenges.
DSC00958
The refuge is encompassed within 1,500,000 acres (6,100 km2) of hardwood swamps, lakes and bayous. The natural floodplain of the Atchafalaya River flows for 140 miles (230 km) south from its junction with the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. The basin's dense bottomland hardwoods, Bald Cypress-Tupelo swamps, overflow lakes, and meandering bayous provide a tremendous diversity of habitat for more than 200 species of resident and migratory birds and numerous other wildlife and the area has been recognized as an Internationally Important Bird Area.(wikipedia)
The modern-day département of Allier is technically part of Auvergne, which encompasses the large mountainous area in the center of France. However, historically, it used to be the duchy of Bourbonnais, located just between Auvergne and Burgundy —two powerful neighbors. The duchy may have been quite smaller than such neighbors, it nevertheless was the fief of the Bourbon family, which gave many kings to France, reigned over other European countries and still is the royal house of Spain.
When you drive on the small back roads of France, you often see those enticing brown “heritage” signs that alert you to the nearby presence of an old church, a castle or another place of interest. I routinely complain about not having the time to do all those certainly very interesting détours. However, that day (the EXIFs tell me it was June 30, 2023), I decided to follow the brown sign that pointed me to the village of Meillers, and I was not disappointed, as my short visit to the local parish church, dedicated to Saint Julian, proved quite interesting indeed.
Saint-Julien is concerned by a restoration project funded by the Fondation du Patrimoine, for which I work as a pro bono photographer.
The gorgeous archivolt that frames the western portal is supported by two massive columns with lovely historied capitals showing, in particular, animals playing music: here, a donkey playing the harp, next to a lion playing the viola.
Such figures are not so uncommon in the enormous realm of Romanesque sculpture. Those themes were probably inspired by the fables of Phædrus, a Greek fabulist from the first century and the spiritual heir of Æsop, the Greek “inventor” of the fables who lived around 600 BC.
The fact that such themes were adopted and displayed in places so prominent as these shows that, even in abbey-founded (and -funded!) churches, humor had a place, and it was possible to entertain the members of the congregation and make them smile as they entered the house of God, instead of scaring them.
Blühende Kissenaster in meinem Garten
Blooming aster in my garden
Die Astern (Aster) sind eine Pflanzengattung innerhalb der Familie der Korbblütler (Asteraceae). Die heute etwa 180 Arten sind in Eurasien weitverbreitet. Einige Arten und ihre Sorten werden als Zierpflanzen in Parks und Gärten verwendet.
Der Name der Aster leitest sich aus der griechischen Sprache vom Wort ἀστήρ (astḗr) ab, was übersetzt soviel wie "Stern" bedeutet und Bezug auf die Form der Blüte nimmt.
Viele Asternarten sowie eine Vielzahl von Asternhybriden und -sorten sind wegen ihrer attraktiven und farbenfrohen Blüten als Gartenpflanzen beliebt.
Aster is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Its circumscription has been narrowed, and it now encompasses around 180 species, all but one of which are restricted to Eurasia; many species formerly in Aster are now in other genera of the tribe Astereae.
The name Aster comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀστήρ (astḗr), meaning "star", referring to the shape of the flower head.
Many species and a variety of hybrids and varieties are popular as garden plants because of their attractive and colourful flowers.
Mount Etna is an iconic site encompassing 19,237 uninhabited hectares on the highest part of Mount Etna, on the eastern coast of Sicily. Mount Etna is the highest Mediterranean island mountain and the most active stratovolcano in the world. The eruptive history of the volcano can be traced back 500,000 years and at least 2,700 years of this activity has been documented. The almost continuous eruptive activity of Mount Etna continues to influence volcanology, geophysics and other Earth science disciplines. The volcano also supports important terrestrial ecosystems including endemic flora and fauna and its activity makes it a natural laboratory for the study of ecological and biological processes. The diverse and accessible range of volcanic features such as summit craters, cinder cones, lava flows and the Valle de Bove depression have made the site a prime destination for research and education. whc.unesco.org/en/list/1427/
Schweiz / Tessin - Lugano
Santa Maria degli Angeli
Lugano (/luːˈɡɑːnoʊ/, UK also /lʊˈɡænoʊ/, Italian: [luˈɡaːno]; Lombard: Lügán [lyˈɡaŋ]) is a city and municipality within the Lugano District in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland. It is the largest city in both Ticino and the Italian-speaking region of southern Switzerland. Lugano has a population (as of December 2020) of 62,315, and an urban agglomeration of over 150,000. It is the ninth largest Swiss city.
The city lies on Lake Lugano, at its largest width, and, together with the adjacent town of Paradiso, occupies the entire bay of Lugano. The territory of the municipality encompasses a much larger region on both sides of the lake, with numerous isolated villages. The region of Lugano is surrounded by the Lugano Prealps, the latter extending on most of the Sottoceneri region, the southernmost part of Ticino and Switzerland. Both western and eastern parts of the municipality share an international border with Italy.
Described as a market town since 984, Lugano was the object of continuous disputes between the sovereigns of Como and Milan until it became part of the Old Swiss Confederation in 1513. In 1803, the political municipality of Lugano was created, following the establishment of the canton. Since 1882, Lugano has been an important stop on the international Gotthard Railway. The rail brought a decisive contribution to the development of tourism and more generally of the tertiary sector which are, to this day, predominant in the economy of the city.
In 1956, Lugano hosted the first-ever Eurovision Song Contest.
Name and coat of arms
The toponym is first recorded in 804, in the form Luanasco, in 874 as Luano, and from 1189 as Lugano. German-language variants of the name (now no longer in use) were Lowens, Lauis, Lauwis, Louwerz. The local Lombard form of the name is rendered Lugan. The etymology of the name is uncertain, suggestions include derivation from Latin lucus ("grove"),[ from a vulgar Latin lakvannus ("lake-dweller")[14] and from the god Lugus.
History
Pre-history
The shores of Lake Lugano have been inhabited since the Stone Age. Within the modern city limits (Breganzona, Castagnola, Davesco and Gandria) several ground stones or quern-stones have been found. In the area surrounding Lugano, items from the Copper Age and the Iron Age have been found. There are Etruscan monuments at Davesco-Soragno (5th to 2nd century BC), Pregassona (3rd to 2nd century BC), and Viganello (3rd to 2nd century BC). Graves with jewellery and household items have been found in Aldesago, Davesco, Pazzallo and Pregassona along with Celtic money in Viganello.
The region around Lake Lugano was settled by the Romans by the 1st century BC. There was an important Roman town north of Lugano at Bioggio. There are fewer traces of the Romans in Lugano, but several inscriptions, graves and coins indicate that some Romans lived in what would become Lugano.
Foundation of Lugano
The first written mention of a settlement at Lugano can be found in documents, which are of disputed authenticity, with which the Longobard king Liutprand ceded various assets located in Lugano to the Church of Saint Carpophorus in Como in 724. Other documents, dating from 804 and 844 refer to Lake Lugano as Laco Luanasco, and an act of 984 indicates Lugano as a market town.
During the fighting between Guelphs and Ghibellines and the new disputes between Como and Milan, during the 14th and 15th centuries, Lugano was the scene of clashes between opposing forces. After a long rule by the Rusca family, Lugano was freed from the domination of Como, which had been taken over in 1335 from the Visconti. At the same time, the link between the town and the valley strengthened. By 1405–06 documents attest to a vallis comunitas Lugani et, a governing body that was independent of Como. The new community included the parishes of Lugano, Agno, Riva San Vitale and Capriasca. In 1416 the Duke of Milan, Filippo Maria Visconti, conquered the region of Lugano and the Rusca valley and made it a fief. A year later, Lugano's freedoms were first documented in a series of statutes modelled on those of Como. The town was able to secure complete independence.
Lugano during the Renaissance
Between 1433 and 1438 the Duke of Milan sat as a feudal lord over Lugano. He compensated the Rusca family with the ownership of Locarno. Under the reign of his heirs in the following decades rebellions and riots broke out, which lasted until the French invasion of 1499.
Lugano as a dependency of the Old Swiss Confederacy
Lugano was the object of continuous disputes between the sovereigns of Como and Milan, in particular by the powerful dynasties of the Visconti (rulers of Milan) and the Rusca (rulers of Como), until it became a Swiss dominion in 1513.
An important name in this period was that of the von Beroldingen, a noble family from Uri, whose members between 1576 and 1798 served as chancellors of the Vogt residing in Lugano. A key member of this family was Karl Konrad von Beroldingen (1624-1706), who served as Lugano's chancellor and general captain, serving also Spain, and receiving the title of Baron from Leopold I in 1691. He commissioned the construction of Palazzo Beroldingen, on the site of the current Parco Ciani [it], and Villa Favorita, in Castagnola.
Lugano during the Enlightenment
In 1746, the Agnelli brothers opened the first printing press and bookshop in Lugano. They began publishing the newspaper Nuove di diverse corti e paesi in 1748 and changed its name to Gazzetta di Lugano in 1797. The newspaper was widely read in north and central Italy. It supported the cause of the later Jansenists against the Jesuits and therefore was banned in 1768 in the territory of the Papal States. It was open to the themes of enlightened reform and the American Revolutionary War. It was the first newspaper in the Italian language to publish an excerpt from the Declaration of Independence of 1776. After the death of Abbot Gian Battista Agnelli in 1788, who had been the editor for more than 40 years, Abbot Giuseppe Lodovico Maria Vanelli took over the paper. Under Abbot Vanelli, it supported the revolutionary ideas from France, which drew protests from the Austrian government in Lombardy. The publication of the magazine ceased abruptly after edition number 17 of 29 April 1799, following the anti-French riots in Lugano during which the Agnelli printing house was sacked and Abbot Vanelli was shot.
Swiss control lasted until 1798 when Napoleon conquered the Old Swiss Confederation and created the Helvetic Republic, within which Lugano became the capital of the Canton of Lugano.
Canton of Lugano
The canton of Lugano unified the former Landvogteien of Lugano, Mendrisio, Locarno and Valmaggia. However, as with the other cantons of the Helvetic Republic, the autonomy of Lugano was very limited, the republic having been founded by Napoleon in order further to centralise power in Switzerland. The canton was led by a Directory of five members, who appointed a "national préfet".
The canton was deeply divided between "patriots" supporting the Cisalpine Republic, and traditionalist "aristocrats". By 1799 riots broke out in Lugano, and the second préfet, Francesco Capra, fled the town. Power passed to a provisional government sympathetic to the Habsburgs. However, French occupation was restored in 1800. Discontent continued and in early 1802 a revolt in Capriasca led to the autumn pronunciamento of Pian Povrò, which declared the independence of Lugano from the Helvetic client republic.
With the Act of Mediation, the following year, political agitation was finally quelled, as were the struggles between unionists and federalists. The canton of Lugano merged with Bellinzona creating the canton of Ticino, which endures to the present day.
Lugano in the early 19th century
After 1803, the political municipality of Lugano was created. One of the primary tasks of the new city government was to determine the division of property and authority between the patriziato and the new political municipality. Two agreements between the two organizations, in 1804 and 1810, began this process. In the second half of the 19th century, the political municipality received various properties and rights from the patriziato. Francesco Capra, the préfet during the Helvetic Republic, became the first mayor of Lugano from 1803 until 1813. The cantonal constitution of 1814, set Lugano, Bellinzona and Locarno as capitals of the Canton. They each served as the capital in a six-year rotation. Lugano was the capital in 1827–33, 1845–51 and 1863–69.
In the 19th century, the city government was dominated by the Liberal Party. In 1900, slightly more than half of the seats on the city council (at the time 50 total members, but 60 members since 2004) were held by Liberals. Most of the rest of the seats were held by either Conservatives or Socialists.
The city government initially had eleven members, but in 1908 their number was reduced to five and in 2004 increased to seven. Throughout most of the 20th century, the Liberals held the absolute majority here as well. The rest of the municipal executive posts were held by the Conservatives, the Socialists (1944–48, 1976–80 and since 2000) and the Ticino League (since 1992).
Around 1830 new civic and government buildings began to emerge in Lugano. The town also began to expand into the surrounding hills, along the Cassarate, and toward Molino Nuovo, Paradiso and Castagnola. In 1843–44 the city hall was built on the site of the Bishop's Palace (built in 1346). It housed the cantonal government in 1845–51 and again in 1863–69. Since 1890, it has housed the city government. The promenade was built in stages: the first part was in the 1870s, the second in the first decade of the 20th century. In the first decades of the 19th century, the roads that connect Lugano with Bellinzona (1808–12), Ponte Tresa (1808–20) and Chiasso (1810–16) were built. In 1848 the first steamboat on Lake Lugano began to operate, with regular, scheduled service since 1856.
Modernization of the city
The construction of the Melide causeway between Melide and Bissone in 1844–47 favoured the development of the Chiasso-Bellinzona-Lugano-Gotthard line at the expense of the north–south route along Lake Maggiore. This tendency for development was strengthened further in 1882 with the completion of the Gotthard railway line. The railway station was built in 1874–77 in Lugano, and transformed it into one of the main links between northern Italy and central and northern Europe, which led to the development of tourism and in general, helped the services sector.
From the mid-19th century to 1970 the city recorded consistent population growth, especially between 1880 and 1910, when the population more than doubled. This increase was partly due to foreign nationals settling in Lugano (in 1870 18.7% of the population, 1910 43.6%) and people from other language areas of Switzerland (1870 1.4% of the population, 1910 6.9%). In the last three decades of the 20th century, the population fell slightly, despite the merger in 1972, of the municipalities of Castagnola and Brè-Aldesago. This reflected a trend to move away from the centre to the suburban communities.
However, in 2004 the municipalities of Breganzona, Cureggia, Davesco-Soragno, Gandria, Pambio-Noranco, Pazzallo, Pregassona and Viganello were incorporated into the municipality and followed by Barbengo, Carabbia and Villa Luganese in 2008. This, among other factors, resulted in a doubling of the population to 52,059 in 2006, of which over a third were foreigners. In 2013 the municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Sonvico and Val Colla were incorporated into the municipality.
Postwar Lugano
Following the Second World War, and particularly during the 1960s and 70s, thanks to an abundant flow of capital from nearby Italy, Lugano experienced a period of exponential growth in banking activities which led to it placing itself as the third financial centre of Switzerland, with over 100 banking institutions present in the city. Trade, tourism and finance are the mainstays of the local economy. In 2000, nine-tenths of the workers were employed in the services sector, of which three-quarters were commuters, including many cross-border commuters (13% of the working population).
Lugano was the host city of the 1956 Eurovision Song Contest, the first-ever edition of the contest. In 1975, the Congress Center was built followed in 1978 by the new City Hospital. In 1963 the city acquired the land for the airfield Lugano-Agno, and the first scheduled flights was in 1980. At the beginning of the 21st century they began the Grande Lugano projects, including: the car tunnel Vedeggio-Cassarate, which started in 2005 and connects the A2 motorway with the neighbourhood of Cornaredo, the creation of a new Kulturpol on the site of the former Grand Hôtel Palace and a convention and exhibition centre in the area of Campo Marzio.
Tourism
Lugano is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Switzerland. The city is home to a number of historic buildings and museums, whilst the surrounding area has many natural sights.
Both Lake Lugano and the surrounding mountains provide a wide variety of outdoor activities. The area surrounding Lugano is home to over 300 kilometres (190 mi) of mountain biking trails, the largest net of trails in Switzerland.
Heritage sites of national significance
17 sites in Lugano are part of the Swiss heritage site of national significance. The city of Lugano, the districts of Barbengo, Brè, Gandria and Biogno, and the sites of Cantine di Gandria and Castagnola are all part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
The heritage sites of national significance include two libraries, the Biblioteca Cantonale and the Biblioteca Salita dei Frati as well as the Swiss National Recording Archives (Fonoteca nazionale svizzera). There were three churches; Cathedral of San Lorenzo, Church of Santa Maria degli Angioli and the Church of San Rocco.
There were four museums; the Museo Cantonale d'Arte [de], Museum of Modern Art, Lugano, the Museo cantonale di storia naturale di Lugano and the Villa Ciani complex with the 'Museo civico. In 2015, the two art museums in the city merged to form MASI Lugano. The cemetery complex at via Trevano is also one of the sites, as is the Radiotelevisione svizzera di lingua italiana (RTSI) Italian-language broadcast facility. The rest of the sites are houses throughout the town. They include the Palazzo civico at piazza della Riforma, the Palazzo e cinema Corso at via Pioda, the Palazzo Riva at via Francesco Soave, the Palazzo Riva at via Massimiliano Magatti, the Palazzo Riva at via Pretorio 7 and Villa Favorita in Castagnola.
Natural sights
A very popular destination in Lugano is Lake Lugano. The lake is 48.7 square kilometres (18.8 sq mi) in size, 63% of which is in Switzerland and 37% in Italy. It has an average width of roughly 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) and is nearly 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) at its widest. The maximum depth of the lake is 279 meters (915 ft). The water is generally warm with average water temperatures in the summer ranging from 19.5 °C (67.1 °F) to 24.0 °C (75.2 °F).
Several companies provide tourist boat services on the lake. A popular excursion is by boat to the picturesque lakeside village of Gandria. Additionally, there are numerous shipyards, water taxis and boat rental sites along the lake, as well as hotels and restaurants that offer moorings. Bathing in the lake is allowed at any of the 50 or so bathing establishments located along the Swiss shores.
In addition to the lake, Lugano is surrounded by mountains, which provide a number of opportunities for sports or sightseeing. Two mountains, both providing excellent views over the city and lake, bracket each end of the town's waterfront. Monte Brè (933 metres (3,061 ft)), to the north, is reputedly Switzerland's sunniest spot and is also home to the old village of Brè. Monte San Salvatore (912 metres (2,992 ft)), to the south, has an old church and museum atop its summit. Both mountains are accessible by funicular railways, which are themselves easily accessible by frequent city bus or by car.
Slightly further afield is Monte Generoso (1,704 metres (5,591 ft)), with a view that encompasses the lakes of Lugano, Como and Maggiore, as well as the Alps from the Matterhorn to the Bernina Range, the Lombardy Plains, and, on a clear day, the city of Milan. The summit can be reached by taking either an SNL boat, or a railway train, to Capolago, and changing there onto a rack railway train of the Monte Generoso Railway.
(Wikipedia)
The church, which was originally part of a Franciscan monastery, is home to Switzerland's most famous Renaissance fresco. It covers the whole wall of the nave. The "Passion and and Crucifixion of Christ" is defined by great expressiveness and vividness of the individual scenes.
The whole fresco resembles a magnificent gobelin. Take some time to study it closely. On the left wall of the nave is a large fresco depicting the Last Supper and on the first of the four side altars is also a fresco, depicting the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child. Both are attributed to Luini and reflect the influence of Leonardo da Vinci.
The church is located on Piazza Bernardino Luini, at the end of Via Nassa, the city's elegant shopping boulevard.
(ticino.ch)
Lugano (lombardisch Lügàn [lyˈgaŋ, lyˈgeɲ], deutsch veraltet Lauis, rätoromanisch Ligiaun ist eine Stadt und politische Gemeinde im Bezirk Lugano des Schweizer Kantons Tessin. Sie liegt im Sottoceneri und ist die grösste politische Gemeinde des Kantons. Sie ist in die Kreise Lugano West, Lugano Ost und seit 2013 auch Lugano Nord gegliedert.
Die Stadt ist nach Zürich und Genf der drittgrösste Finanzplatz der Schweiz. Seit den Eingemeindungen von Pregassona (2004), dann Barbengo, Carabbia und Villa Luganese im Jahr 2008 und von Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Sonvico und Val Colla im Jahr 2013 ist Lugano flächenmässig die siebtgrösste Schweizer Stadt, belegt den neunten Platz hinsichtlich der Einwohnerzahl und den zehnten Platz bezüglich der vorhandenen Arbeitsplätze. In der Agglomeration der Stadt leben rund 150'000 Menschen.
Die Buchstaben LVGA im Wappen stehen für die Anfangsbuchstaben des Ortsnamens. Die Stadt ist die grösste italienischsprachige politische Gemeinde ausserhalb Italiens.
Lage
Der Ort liegt im Süden des Bezirks Lugano und des Kantons an der Mündung des Flusses Cassarate in den Luganersee. Lugano zieht als Universitäts-, Kongress- und Kulturstadt (vor allem zwischen Frühjahr und Herbst) zahlreiche Besucher aus Italien und von jenseits der Alpen an.
In der vom Schweizer Bundesamt für Statistik definierten statistischen Raumkategorie wurde Lugano der Metropolregion Tessin zugerechnet, die neu zum multipolaren Agglomerationssystem herabgestuft wurde. Dieses umfasst mehrere Agglomerationen des Tessins und der Lombardei mit insgesamt über 500'000 Einwohnern. Es ist mit Como-Chiasso-Mendrisio Nachbaragglomeration der Metropolregion Mailand (Grande Milano) mit rund 7,5 Millionen Einwohnern. Das Zentrum Mailands ist mit dem Auto und der Bahn in zirka einer Stunde erreichbar.
Geographie
Lugano liegt am Luganersee (italienisch Lago di Lugano, in Italien Lago Ceresio) und ist umgeben von den drei Aussichtsbergen Monte Brè (925 m) im Osten, Monte San Salvatore (912 m) im Westen und dem Sighignola (1314 m) (am gegenüberliegenden Seeufer), dessen Gipfel Balcone d’Italia bereits auf italienischem Boden liegt.
Die Nachbargemeinden sind Arogno, Melide, Morcote, Vico Morcote, Grancia, Collina d’Oro, Sorengo, Muzzano, Bioggio, Massagno, Savosa, Porza, Vezia, Canobbio, Capriasca und Ponte Capriasca sowie auf italienischem Territorium Valsolda, Campione d’Italia, Alta Valle Intelvi und Brusimpiano.
Geschichte
Allgemeine Geschichte
Aufgrund einiger Bodenfunde und im Raum Lugano aufgefundener Grabinschriften ist anzunehmen, dass das Gebiet um Lugano von Lepontiern besiedelt war. Die Anwesenheit der Römer rund um den Luganersee ist ab dem 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr. belegt; sie hatten nördlich des Sees in Bioggio zumindest ein wichtiges Zentrum.
804, 844 (Kopie um 1300), 854 (Kopie um 1300) und 875 wird Lugano erstmals urkundlich erwähnt; die Namensformen lauteten erst Luanasco, dann Luano. Die Bedeutung des Namens ist unsicher, womöglich geht er auf lateinisch lūcus «Hain, Wald» zurück.
Im Mittelalter war Lugano jahrhundertelang von Konflikten zwischen Como und Mailand betroffen, da diese oft auf Schlachtfeldern ausgetragen wurden, die auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Kantons Tessin liegen. In der zweiten Hälfte des vierzehnten Jahrhunderts gelangte die Stadt unter die Herrschaft der Mailänder Visconti. Später wurde sie von französischen Söldnern besetzt, die 1513 ihrerseits von den Eidgenossen vertrieben wurden; seither stand Lugano unter eidgenössischer Herrschaft.
Am Morgen des 15. Februar 1798 landeten die Truppen der Cisalpinischen Republik in Lugano, stiessen jedoch auf den Widerstand der Volontari del Borgo, einer Garde aus der Bevölkerung. Dieser gelang es, die cisalpinischen Truppen zurückzuschlagen, und die aufgeschlosseneren Teile des Luganeser Bürgertums nutzten die Ereignisse, um die Unabhängigkeit der Stadt unter dem Motto «frei und schweizerisch» zu erklären. Mit dem gleichzeitigen Einrücken französischer Revolutionstruppen in das Gebiet der Eidgenossenschaft nördlich der Alpen endete der Untertanenstatus des Tessins, und Lugano wurde für einige Jahre zum Hauptort des Kantons Lugano der Helvetischen Republik.
Seit 1803 gehört Lugano zum Kanton Tessin, dessen Hauptort bis 1878 alle sechs Jahre zwischen Bellinzona, Locarno und Lugano wechselte.
Entwicklung des Stadtgebiets
1972 wurden die früheren Gemeinden Brè-Aldesago und Castagnola in die Stadt Lugano eingegliedert.
2004 fusionierten acht weitere Gemeinden mit der Stadt Lugano: Breganzona, Cureggia, Davesco-Soragno, Gandria, Pambio-Noranco, Pazzallo, Pregassona und Viganello. Dadurch vergrösserte sich sowohl die Fläche als auch die Bevölkerung von Lugano erheblich.
Am 30. September 2007 stimmten die Stimmbürger von Barbengo, Carabbia und Villa Luganese sowie von Lugano der Eingemeindung dieser drei Gemeinden zu. Die Stimmberechtigten der Gemeinde Cadro hingegen lehnten die Fusion ab, weshalb Villa Luganese zu einer Exklave der Stadt Lugano wurde. Die Eingemeindung wurde am 20. April 2008 vollzogen.
Per 14. April 2013 wurden die Gemeinden Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Sonvico und Val Colla mit Lugano fusioniert, wodurch die Stadt rund 3400 zusätzliche Einwohner erhielt.
Aufgrund der durch See und Berge beengten Verhältnisse im Stadtgebiet spielt sich die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung heute hauptsächlich ausserhalb der Gemeindegrenzen in der Vedeggio-Talebene ab.
Sehenswürdigkeiten
Das Stadtbild ist im Inventar der schützenswerten Ortsbilder der Schweiz (ISOS) als schützenswertes Ortsbild der Schweiz von nationaler Bedeutung eingestuft.
Grünanlagen, Promenaden, Hausberge
Sehenswert ist der Parco civico mit seiner üppigen südlichen Vegetation und der Villa Ciani. Westlich des Parks schliesst sich die etappenweise zwischen 1864 und 1920 erstellte Seepromenade an, die bis nach Paradiso führt.
Weitere Attraktionen von Lugano sind die beiden Hausberge Monte San Salvatore und Monte Brè, von denen aus sich ein Panorama über die Stadt, den Luganersee und die Tessiner Berge bietet. Beide Berge sind sowohl per Bahn als auch zu Fuss erreichbar. Am Fusse des Monte Brè liegen das Dorf Gandria und die Villa Favorita.
Stadtzentrum
Die mittelalterliche und frühneuzeitliche Altstadt von Lugano wurde auf der Grundlage des Richtplanes von 1902 zwischen 1910 und 1942 zum grössten Teil abgebrochen oder ausgekernt und durch ein neues Stadtzentrum ersetzt. Von der einstigen Baustruktur existieren deshalb heute nur noch einige Kirchen und vereinzelte Profanbauten. Neben diesen sind vor allem die Flaniermeile Via Nassa und die Piazza della Riforma einen Besuch wert.
(Wikipedia)
Am Südeingang der Stadt, an der Piazza Luini gelegen, gehörte die Kirche Santa Maria degli Angeli zu einem 1490 gegründeten Franziskanerkloster. Von aussen betrachtete eher schlicht, überrascht das Kircheninnere durch ein Schiff mit Spitzbogen, auf der rechten Seite von vier Kapellen flankiert und vom Chor durch eine Zwischenwand getrennt. In der ersten Kapelle, in der Lünette an der linken Wand, ist die Madonna mit Kind und dem heiligen Johannes zu sehen, ein Fresko von Bernardino Luini (1530). Das Bild des heiligen Franziskus in der zweiten Kapelle hat G. A. Petrini 1728 gemalt. Die Fresken der vierten Kapelle, nach dem hier begrabenen Luganeser Anwalt Camuzio benannt, sind von Bernardino Luini und stellen die Anbetung der Könige und die Flucht nach Ägypten dar. Weitere Fresken im Gewölbe sind der Schule des Bramantino zuzuordnen.
Das grosse Gemälde der Kreuzigung, mit den Szenen des Leidens Christi im Hintergrund, sind das letzte Werk von Bernardino Luini (1529-1532). Der gleiche grosse Künstler hat die Bilder der Propheten auf den Trennsäulen und das Abendmahlsbild auf der linken Wand des Kirchenschiffs, das aus dem Refektorium des alten Klosters stammt, gemalt. Er liess sich dazu vom weltberühmten Abendmahlsbild von Leonardo da Vinci inspirieren. Unter den Bögen der Trennwand sind Fresken mit Veduten der Stadt Jerusalem im 14. Jahrhundert angebracht.
(ticino.ch)
An all encompassing view of a busy Bearwood Road, Bearwood, West Midlands in May 1991. A scene still very recognisable today.
The bus (WMT 2527) working the 82 service into the City Centre - via Cape Hill, hadn't long departed its terminal point at Bearwood Bus Station.
The Metrobus wears the company's then mainly silver livery, making the vehicle look like one of its then newer sisters at first glance. The silver paint wasn't found to be very durable, and buses were eventually repainted into a modified version of the livery that used more blue.
At the time of the photo, 2527 was a Quinton Garage based bus, where it had been allocated since delivery in 1982. As part of an on-going company rationalisation, Quinton bus garage was closed in 1997; a Tesco supermarket now stands on the site. As a consequence of the closure, 2527 was transferred to West Bromwich, and later to Walsall to see its service days out.
Withdrawn from traffic in late 2004, 2527 saw further use with McColl's, an independent bus operator based in Balloch, Scotland. Indeed, McColl's bought a number of secondhand Metrobuses from West Midlands Travel.
This visualization of the Bubble Nebula begins with a ground-based view that encompasses the glowing cloud. The high-energy light from the Wolf-Rayet star, BD +60°2522, is responsible for ionizing the entire region. The virtual camera flies through the foreground stars and approaches the central bubble imaged by Hubble. The three-dimensional perspective emphasizes the extended nature of the structure and the fact that BD +60°2522 is not located at the center. The pressure inside the bubble is able to expand more rapidly in the directions away from the surrounding nebula. The computer model incorporates both scientific and artistic interpretation of the data. In particular, distances are significantly compressed.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and F. Summers, G. Bacon, Z. Levay, and L. Frattare (Viz 3D Team, STScI)
Acknowledgment: T. Rector/University of Alaska Anchorage, H. Schweiker/WIYN and NOAO/AURA/NSF, NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
hubbledev.stsci.edu/newscenter/archive/releases/2016/13/v...
Built in 1914 at no. 911 Wellington Street East.
"This is a Prairie-style single-story residence, noticeably located at the south-west corner of Wellington and Woodward in the city’s east-central area. It encompasses part of Lot 15, Plan 568 and Lot 29, Plan 930. GIS coordinates: 705,711.336 5,154,111.585 Meters
This handsome, distinctive, well maintained home is the best example of a Prairie-style residence to be found in Sault Ste. Marie. It is an elegant Craftsman style bungalow with a variety of gently pitched roof slopes and a small hipped dormer. The eaves are deep and bracketed. The columns are plain with square abacuses and no base. The inclusion of classical modillions in a residence is rare in Sault Ste. Marie and to Prairie-style homes. A variety of rustic building materials have been utilized: stucco, wood, brick and stone. The window groupings consist of both casement and sash with inner muntin bars. Those windows on the front have been replaced with modern aluminum windows but the windows around the sunroom on the east side and those on the partial second floor are original. Many of the original storm windows are stored in the garage. Craftsmanship in the building is excellent yet simple and functional. Even the interior fireplace sports hand-carved brackets of similar design to those supporting the overhanging exterior eaves. With the exception of the kitchen and bathroom, the main floor rooms are still finished with the original oak trim and floors. An old photo of the house indicates that cedar shingles once adorned the roof.
This residence was constructed, in its present form, in 1914 for Richard H. Carney who was District manager for Canada Life Assurance Co. It was the Carney family who was responsible for construction of the Carney Block on Queen St. It thus reflects the affluence of an upper middle class business family which was profiting from the Clergue industrial expansion of the day. A 1914 date and initials of the stone mason builder may be found in the basement wall mortar between the sandstone pieces. It is likely this sandstone was quarried from the locks as was typical for the day. This house was purchased in 1939 by the MacIntosh family who owned it until 2004.
The key exterior features that embody the heritage value of 911 Wellington St. E. include:
- Variety of gently pitched roof slopes provide horizontal emphasis reflecting the Prairiestyle bungalow
- Clerestory lighting that provides light to a half story loft
- A hipped dormer and deep bracketed eaves
- Columns with abacuses and no base but adorned with modillions
- Rustic building materials including stucco, wood, brick and stone
- Original casement windows with sash and inner muntin bars on the sunroom (east side)
and on the half story loft
- Home and property have been well maintained in traditional style with little change to
the exterior
- An interior with oak trim, baseboards and flooring unchanged save for the kitchen and
bathroom
- A beautiful fireplace with brackets supporting the mantle matching those under the
eaves on the exterior
- The best example of a classical Prairie-style residence in Sault Ste. Marie distinctively
located in a prominent east-central location
- A residence which reflects the affluence of a prominent Sault business family built
during the heyday of the Clergue industrial empire" - info from the Sault Ste. Marie Municipal Heritage Committee.
"Sault Ste. Marie (/ˈsuː seɪnt məˈriː/ SOO-seint-ma-REE) is a city on the St. Marys River in Ontario, Canada, close to the Canada–US border. It is the seat of the Algoma District and the third largest city in Northern Ontario, after Sudbury and Thunder Bay.
The Ojibwe, the indigenous Anishinaabe inhabitants of the area, call this area Baawitigong, meaning "place of the rapids." They used this as a regional meeting place during whitefish season in the St. Mary's Rapids. (The anglicized form of this name, Bawating, is used in institutional and geographic names in the area.)
To the south, across the river, is the United States and the Michigan city of the same name. These two communities were one city until a new treaty after the War of 1812 established the border between Canada and the United States in this area at the St. Mary's River. In the 21st century, the two cities are joined by the International Bridge, which connects Interstate 75 on the Michigan side, and Huron Street (and former Ontario Secondary Highway 550B) on the Ontario side. Shipping traffic in the Great Lakes system bypasses the Saint Mary's Rapids via the American Soo Locks, the world's busiest canal in terms of tonnage that passes through it, while smaller recreational and tour boats use the Canadian Sault Ste. Marie Canal.
French colonists referred to the rapids on the river as Les Saults de Ste. Marie and the village name was derived from that. The rapids and cascades of the St. Mary's River descend more than 6 m (20 ft) from the level of Lake Superior to the level of the lower lakes. Hundreds of years ago, this slowed shipping traffic, requiring an overland portage of boats and cargo from one lake to the other. The entire name translates to "Saint Mary's Rapids" or "Saint Mary's Falls". The word sault is pronounced [so] in French, and /suː/ in the English pronunciation of the city name. Residents of the city are called Saultites.
Sault Ste. Marie is bordered to the east by the Rankin and Garden River First Nation reserves, and to the west by Prince Township. To the north, the city is bordered by an unincorporated portion of Algoma District, which includes the local services boards of Aweres, Batchawana Bay, Goulais and District, Peace Tree and Searchmont. The city's census agglomeration, including the townships of Laird, Prince and Macdonald, Meredith and Aberdeen Additional and the First Nations reserves of Garden River and Rankin, had a total population of 79,800 in 2011.
Native American settlements, mostly of Ojibwe-speaking peoples, existed here for more than 500 years. In the late 17th century, French Jesuit missionaries established a mission at the First Nations village. This was followed by development of a fur trading post and larger settlement, as traders, trappers and Native Americans were attracted to the community. It was considered one community and part of Canada until after the War of 1812 and settlement of the border between Canada and the US at the Ste. Mary's River. At that time, the US prohibited British traders from any longer operating in its territory, and the areas separated by the river began to develop as two communities, both named Sault Ste. Marie." - info from Wikipedia.
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The West Burton Place District encompasses a portion of one short residential block on West Burton Place in the Old Town neighborhood of Chicago. Old Town is one of Chicago's oldest residential neighborhoods, located at the foot of Lincoln Park, a few blocks west of the lakefront and approximately two miles north of the Loop. The district is comprised of twelve principal structures on either side of West Burton Place and five residential coach houses behind principal structures on the north side of the street, from LaSalle Street on the east to the alley adjacent to a small park on Wells Street on the west. The earliest structures on the block date from the mid-1870s and early 1880s, but the architectural, artistic and cultural significance of the street is primarily found in the remodelings of many of the buildings into artist studios from the late 1920s
through the 1940s.
The Monument and Preserve encompass three major lava fields and about 400 square miles (1,000 km2) of sagebrush steppe grasslands to cover a total area of 1,117 square miles (2,893 km2). All three lava fields lie along the Great Rift of Idaho, with some of the best examples of open rift cracks in the world, including the deepest known on Earth at 800 feet (240 m). There are excellent examples of almost every variety of basaltic lava, as well as tree molds (cavities left by lava-incinerated trees), lava tubes (a type of cave), and many other volcanic features.
Encompassing 7,300 square feet of prime Las Vegas real estate overlooking the legendary Fountains of Bellagio, LAGO by Julian Serrano brings a progressive luxury dining experience to the Bellagio Resort & Casino. LAGO’s design takes its cues from Italian Futurism – the sweeping artistic and cultural movement of early 20th century Italy – to stretch beyond the traditional and familiar in order to create a unique new signature for the Bellagio. This ethos aligns with, and is reflective of the Futurism movement itself: rejecting the past to focus on forward-thinking dynamism and experimentation, which is apparent in LAGO’s striking, innovative interior.
Lago Grey and Glaciar Grey
Torres del Paine National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine) is a national park encompassing mountains, glaciers, lakes, and rivers in southern Chilean Patagonia. The Cordillera del Paine is the centerpiece of the park. It lies in a transition area between the Magellanic subpolar forests and the Patagonian Steppes. The park is located 112 km (70 mi) north of Puerto Natales and 312 km (194 mi) north of Punta Arenas. The park borders Bernardo O'Higgins National Park to the west and the Los Glaciares National Park to the north in Argentine territory. Paine means "blue" in the native Tehuelche (Aonikenk) language and is pronounced PIE-nay.
Torres del Paine National Park is part of the Sistema Nacional de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del Estado de Chile (National System of Protected Forested Areas of Chile). In 2003, it measured approximately 242,242 hectares. It is one of the largest and most visited parks in Chile. The park averages around 150,000 visitors a year, of which 60% are foreign tourists, who come from all over the world.
The park is one of the 11 protected areas of the Magallanes Region and Chilean Antarctica (together with four national parks, three national reserves, and three national monuments). Together, the protected forested areas comprise about 51% of the land of the region (6,728,744 hectares).
The Torres del Paine are the distinctive three granite peaks of the Paine mountain range or Paine Massif. They extend up to 2,500 meters above sea level, and are joined by the Cuernos del Paine. The area also boasts valleys, rivers such as the Paine, lakes, and glaciers. The well-known lakes include Grey, Pehoé, Nordenskiöld, and Sarmiento. The glaciers, including Grey, Pingo and Tyndall, belong to the Southern Patagonia Ice Field.
(Wikipedia)
Der Nationalpark Torres del Paine (spanisch Parque Nacional Torres del Paine) ist einer der bekanntesten Nationalparks in Chile, gelegen im Süden des Landes um die Berggruppe der Cordillera del Paine. Paine heißt in der Sprache der Tehuelche-Indianer (Aonikenk-Indianer, Patagonier) „himmelblau“, Torres del Paine also „Türme des blauen Himmels“.
Der Nationalpark Torres del Paine liegt im Süden Chiles und ist ein Teil Patagoniens. Er gehört zur Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (Provinz Última Esperanza) und liegt rund 140 km nördlich der Stadt Puerto Natales.
Im Norden grenzt der Nationalpark an Argentinien, wo der Parque Nacional Los Glaciares anschließt. Im Westen liegt der Grey-Gletscher mit dem See Lago Grey, im Süden der Lago del Toro und im Osten der Lago Sarmiento de Gamboa.
Die Nationalpark-Fläche umfasst 2420 km². Er ist durchzogen von bis zu beinahe 3000 m hohen Bergen, Gletschern, Fjorden und großen Seen.
Die „Torres del Paine“ sind das Wahrzeichen des Nationalparks. Dabei handelt es sich um drei nadelartige Granitberge, die zwischen 2600 und 2850 m hoch sind. Die Berge liegen etwa in der Mitte des Nationalparks. Südlich dieser drei Berge liegt der See Lago Nordenskjöld, benannt nach dem schwedischen Geologen Otto Nordenskjöld.
Der höchste Berg im Nationalpark ist der Cerro Paine Grande mit 3050 m.
Große Teile des Nationalparks sind vergletschert. Der bekannteste Gletscher ist der Grey-Gletscher, der in den Lago Grey kalbt.
Im Sommer liegen die mittleren Temperaturen bei 11 °C und im Winter bei ca. 1 °C.
(Wikipedia)
The Apollo Theater is a music hall at 253 West 125th Street between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard (Seventh Avenue) and Frederick Douglass Boulevard (Eighth Avenue) in the Harlem neighborhood of Upper Manhattan in New York City. It is a noted venue for African-American performers, and is the home of Showtime at the Apollo, a nationally syndicated television variety show that showcased new talent, from 1987 to 2008, encompassing 1,093 episodes; the show was rebooted in 2018.
The theater, which has a capacity of 1,506, opened in 1913 as Hurtig & Seamon's Music Hall. It was designed by George Keister in the neo-Classical style. Alterations were made that year for showing movies, and it was renamed the Apollo Theater. (It was often referred to as the "125th Street Apollo" to distinguish it from the legitimate Apollo on 42nd Street). In 1924, the Minsky brothers leased the theater for burlesque shows. In 1934, it became a venue for black performers and was opened to black patrons for the first time. In 1983, both the interior and exterior of the building were designated as New York City Landmarks, and the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is estimated that 1.3 million people visit the Apollo every year.
The building that later became the Apollo Theater was built in 1913 and was designed by architect George Keister. It was originally Hurtig and Seamon's New (Burlesque) Theater, which enforced a strict "Whites Only" policy. The theater was operated by noted burlesque producers Jules Hurtig and Harry Seamon.
In 1924, the Minskys took a long-term lease for burlesque shows, some of which included integrated casts with black performers such as Pigmeat Markham. After New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia cracked down on burlesque, the theater was purchased in 1933 by Sidney Cohen, who owned other theaters in the area. Lavish renovations were made and it re-opened on January 26, 1934, catering to the black community of Harlem. On February 14, 1934, the first major star to appear at the Apollo was jazz singer and Broadway star Adelaide Hall in Clarence Robinson's production Chocolate Soldiers, which featured Sam Wooding's Orchestra. The show ran for a limited engagement and was highly praised by the press, which helped establish the Apollo's reputation.
The Apollo was a Minsky burlesque house.
In 1928 Hurtig and Seamon's Apollo Theater was a Minsky burlesque house.
Managed by Morris Sussman, Cohen's Apollo theater had vigorous competition from other venues, such as the Lafayette, managed by Frank Schiffman, which presented acts such as Louis Armstrong, Bill "Bojangles" Robinson and Bessie Smith and Eddie Green. Leo Brecher's Harlem Opera House was another competing venue. To improve the shows at the Apollo, Cohen hired noted talent scout John Hammond to book his shows. However, the deal fell through when Cohen died, and the result was the merger of the Apollo with the Harlem Opera House. The Opera House became a movie theater, but the Apollo, under the ownership of Brecher and Schiffman, continued to present stage shows. Schiffman hired Clarence Robinson as in-house producer.
Originally, a typical show presented at the Apollo was akin to a vaudeville show, including a chorus line of beautiful girls. As the years progressed, such variety shows were presented less often.
Although the 1960s was the venue's most successful decade, in the following decade, the drug problem in Harlem, with its attendant robberies and thefts, was the cause of its closing in 1976, after an 18-year-old was shot to death. On April 1 and 2, 1976, Fred and Felicidad Dukes along with Rafee Kamaal produced two 60-minute television specials with Group W Productions as a way to help restore life to the theater, which re-opened in that year, featuring acts such as Ashford and Simpson, Labelle, Cab Calloway, and Stephanie Mills, etc. From 1975 to 1982, the theater was owned by Guy Fisher. In 1983, it was bought by Inner City Broadcasting, a firm owned by former Manhattan borough president Percy E. Sutton. It obtained federal and city landmark status in that same year. In 1991, the Apollo was purchased by the State of New York, which created the non-profit Apollo Theater Foundation to run it.
In 2001, the architecture firms Beyer Blinder Belle, which specializes in restorations of historic buildings, and Davis Brody Bond began a restoration of the theater's interior. In 2005, restoration of the exterior, and the installation of a new light-emitting diode (LED) marquee began. In 2009–10, in celebration of the theater's 75th anniversary, the theater put together an archive of historical material, including documents and photographs and, with Columbia University, began an oral history project. As of 2010, the Apollo Theater draws an estimated 1.3 million visitors annually.
During the swing era, along with bands such as Duke Ellington, Dizzy Gillespie, Chick Webb, Count Basie, and Andy Kirk, the Apollo also presented dance acts such as Bill Robinson, the Nicholas Brothers, Carmen De Lavallade and Geoffrey Holder, the Berry Brothers, and Buck and Bubbles. Comic acts also appeared on the Apollo stage, such as Butterbeans and Susie, including some who performed in blackface, much to the horror of the NAACP and the elite of Harlem.
The Apollo also featured the performances of old-time vaudeville favorites like Tim Moore, Stepin Fetchit, Moms Mabley, Dewey "Pigmeat" Markham, Clinton "Dusty" Fletcher, John "Spider Bruce" Mason, and Johnny Lee, as well as younger comics like Bill Cosby, Godfrey Cambridge, LaWanda Page, Richard Pryor, Rudy Ray Moore, and Redd Foxx.
Gospel acts which played the Apollo include the Staple Singers, Mahalia Jackson, The Clark Sisters, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Clara Ward and Sam Cooke with the Soul Stirrers. Performers of soul music on the Apollo stage included Ray Charles, Otis Redding and Aretha Franklin, and jazz was represented as well, by acts such as Art Blakey and Horace Silver.
Although the theater concentrated on showcasing African-American acts, it also presented white acts such as swing bandleaders Harry James, Woody Herman and Charlie Barnet during the swing era, and, later, jazz greats Dave Brubeck, Stan Getz and Buddy Rich, who was a particular favorite of the Apollo crowd. During the 1950s, several white rock and roll performers whose musical backgrounds were more country music oriented, such as Buddy Holly and Duane Eddy played the Apollo but scored with their audiences by playing blues-styled material. The theater's audience was often mixed: in the 1940s it was estimated that during the week about 40% of the audience was white, which would go up to 75% for weekend shows. Jazz singer Anita O'Day headlined for the week of September 21, 1950, billed as "the Jezebel of Jazz".
Other performers whose careers started at the Apollo include Billie Holiday, Pearl Bailey (actress), Sammy Davis Jr., James Brown & The Famous Flames, King Curtis, Diana Ross & The Supremes, Parliament-Funkadelic, Wilson Pickett, The Miracles, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Stephanie Mills, Dionne Warwick, The Jackson 5, Patti Austin, Patti LaBelle, Marvin Gaye, Luther Vandross, Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, Ben E. King, The Isley Brothers,Fat Joe, Lauryn Hill, Sarah Vaughan, Ne-Yo, and Mary J. Blige.
The Baton Rouge Audubon Society Peveto Woods Sanctuary currently encompasses approximately 40 acres and is located along the Louisiana coast in Cameron Parish. This site was the first chenier sanctuary for migratory birds established in Louisiana. Coastal woods were called cheniers by early French settlers. The word means oak place, so-called because live oak was the predominant tree. Cheniers are ancient beach ridges, formed by wave action, offshore currents, and the influence of the Mississippi River. They are a unique feature of the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, found primarily along the Louisiana coast.
Baton Rouge Audubon Society is proud to have preserved this unique habitat. Birders and other nature lovers have visited the Sanctuary from 50 states and 20 foreign countries. Although the Sanctuary is owned and operated by the Society, we are dependent on private donations for maintenance costs and land purchases. Because of the generosity of private individuals and groups, BRAS has been able to maintain and add to this important site.
Horseman 450 on Kodak Ektar 100 Film
Love encompasses a range of strong and positive emotional and mental states, from the most sublime virtue or good habit, the deepest interpersonal affection, to the simplest pleasure.
Seen here in red, this 2006 Ford GT Coupe encompasses 550 horsepower with 13 city/21 hwy mpg. It is a two-seater, mid-engine sports car, that will take you from 0-60 mph in approximately 3.8 seconds. Just over 1,600 GTs were built in 2006. Some currently sell $100,000 *over* their suggested retail price of $150,000.
2006 Ford GT in red.
Photo # KS2_5077.
(c) Kelly Shipp Photography.
The Cleveland Metroparks’ Rocky River Reservation encompasses over 2,500 acres of protected land
along the Rocky River and portions of its East and West branches. From north to south, the Reservation
is located in Lakewood, Rocky River, Cleveland, Fairview Park, Brook Park, North Olmsted, Olmsted
Township and Berea. The 12-mile Valley Parkway meanders with the river for the entire length of the
Reservation between Lakewood and Berea. Many access roads lead into the valley and to the parkway.
South of Bagley Road, Valley Parkway continues into the adjacent Mill Stream Run Reservation, also a
Cleveland Metropark. ~ ohiodnr.gov/static/documents/coastal/public-access/pag-ri...
Bike Day, 08/07/2021, Rocky River, OH
Canon EOS-1DS
Tokina 19.0-35.0 mm
ƒ/5.6 19.0 mm 1/320 200