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One of the keys to shooting Epic Landscape Photography is exalting the photograph's soul via golden ratio compositions, thusly wedding the photographic art to the divine proportion by which life itself was designed and exalted.
Dr. Elliot McGucken's Golden Number Ratio Fine Art Landscape & Nature Photography Composition Studies!
instagram.com/goldennumberratio
www.facebook.com/goldennumberratio/
Greetings flickr friends! I am working on several books on "epic photography," and I recently finished a related one titled: The Golden Number Ratio Principle: Why the Fibonacci Numbers Exalt Beauty and How to Create PHI Compositions in Art, Design, & Photography: An Artistic and Scientific Introduction to the Golden Mean . Message me on facebook for a free review copy!
www.facebook.com/goldennumberratio/
The Golden Ratio also informs the design of the golden revolver on all the swimsuits and lingerie, as well as the 45surf logo!
The Golden Number Ratio Principle: Dr. E’s Golden Ratio Principle: The golden ratio exalts beauty because the number is a characteristic of the mathematically and physically most efficient manners of growth and distribution, on both evolutionary and purely physical levels. The golden ratio ensures that the proportions and structure of that which came before provide the proportions and structure of that which comes after. Robust, ordered growth is naturally associated with health and beauty, and thus we evolved to perceive the golden ratio harmonies as inherently beautiful, as we saw and felt their presence in all vital growth and life—in the salient features and proportions of humans and nature alike, from the distribution of our facial features and bones to the arrangements of petals, leaves, and sunflowers seeds. As ratios between Fibonacci Numbers offer the closest whole-number approximations to the golden ratio, and as seeds, cells, leaves, bones, and other physical entities appear in whole numbers, the Fibonacci Numbers oft appear in nature’s elements as “growth’s numbers.” From the dawn of time, humanity sought to salute their gods in art and temples exalting the same proportion by which all their vital sustenance and they themselves had been created—the golden ratio.
Ansel Adams is not only my favorite photographer, but he is one of the greatest photographers and artists of all time. And just like great artists including Michelangelo, Monet, Degas, Renoir, Leonardo da Vinci, Vermeer, Rembrandt, Botticelli, and Picasso, Ansel used the golden ratio and divine proportions in his epic art.
Not so long ago I discovered golden regions in many of his famous public domain his 8x10 aspect ratio photographs. I call these golden harmony regions "regions of golden action" or "ROGA"S, as seen here:
www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.1812448512351066.107374...
And too, I created some videos highlighting Ansel's use of the golden harmonies. Enjoy!
www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGnxOAhK3os
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFlzAaBgsDI
www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3eJ86Ej1TY
More golden ratio and epic photography composition books soon! Best wishes for the Holiday Season! Dr. Elliot McGucken :)
An afternoon rain storm couldn't dampen my spirits as the reflections on wet pavement were what I wanted in the first place. Luckilly the rain stopped and the skies cleared right before sunset leaving a glorious late blue hour sky and all the wet pavement I wanted.
Sadly it cleared too much and Disneyland maintenence crews were too efficient at sweeping all the streets dry so I wasn't able to get any reflection shots on Main St. There's always another day and more rain to be had.
Right before I took this shot, I spent some time meeting a new photo friend Mark (Life is an Art) who somehow recognized me and introduced himself. Mark, you should have stuck around a bit longer. I got some great stuff right after you left!
Ville: Toulouse
Réseau: Tisséo
Exploitant: Negoti
Numéro de parc: 7505
Ligne: 25 Oncopole Courrière - Colomiers Gare SNCF
Designed and folded by Michelle Fung from one uncut rectangle of 29.9 inch (75.9 cm) x 10.2 inch (25.9 cm) line embossed metallic paper.
Based on a 14x41 grid. V2 is more efficient than v1, which was based on a 16x49 grid.
Crease pattern: flic.kr/p/2kXg82s
Simple is efficient!
Love my old Zippo! Invented in 1932 by George G. Blaisdell, Zippo has now produced over 400 million of these lighters!
"Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food." - Hippocrates
"He who takes medicine and neglects to diet wastes the skill of his doctor." - Chinese Proverb
Thanks a lot for your visits, comments, awards and invitations, my friends. Have a healthy day, everyone...!
Best seen on black - press L or click on image above.
To the Zion Narrows and Wall Street! Sony A7RII Fine Art Zion National Park Autumn Winter Hike! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape Photography!
An important thing to remember is that even though pixel sizes keep getting smaller and smaller, the technology is advancing, so the smaller pixels are more efficient at collecting light. For instance, the Sony A7rII is back-illuminated which allows more photons to hit the sensor. Semiconductor technology is always advancing, so the brilliant engineers are always improving the signal/noise ratio. Far higher pixel counts, as well as better dynamic ranger, are thus not only possible, but the future!
Yes I have a Ph.D. in physics! I worked on phototranistors and photodiodes as well as an artificial retina for the blind. :)
You can read more about my own physics theory (dx4/dt=ic) here: herosodysseyphysics.wordpress.com/
And follow me on instagram! @45surf
Facebook!
www.facebook.com/elliot.mcgucken
Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Photography!
I love shooting fine art landscapes and fine art nature photography! :) I live for it!
Feel free to ask me any questions! Always love sharing tech talk and insights! :)
And all the best on Your Epic Hero's Odyssey!
The new Lightroom rocks!
Beautiful magnificent clouds!
View your artistic mission into photography as an epic odyssey of heroic poetry! Take it from Homer in Homer's Odyssey: "Tell me, O muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whose manners and customs he was acquainted; moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not save his men, for they perished through their own sheer folly in eating the cattle of the Sun-god Hyperion; so the god prevented them from ever reaching home. Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter of Jove, from whatsoever source you may know them. " --Samuel Butler Translation of Homer's Odyssey
All the best on your Epic Hero's Odyssey from Johnny Ranger McCoy!
Sony A7RII Fine Art Zion National Park Autumn Winter Subway Hike! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape Photography! Sony A7R2 & Sony 16-35mm Vario-Tessar T FE F4 ZA OSS E-Mount Lens!
North Western Gas Board (Peckett 1999/1941 and Efficient (Andrew Barclay 1598/1918) at Steamport, Southport, 20th April 1984. (Eric Harrison)
North Western Gas Board ex Southport and Darwen Gas Works.
Efficient ex McKechnie Brothers’ copper smelting works at Widnes.
Walnut Canyon Bridge, Winona, Arizona. In 1922, the United States Bureau of Public Roads undertook a 23-mile road-building project along the Winslow Highway that stretched between Flagstaff and Angel through the Coconino National Forest in Arizona. The largest structure built as part of the project was the Walnut Canyon Bridge, which spans the canyon crossing Walnut Creek one mile northwest of Winona. Soon after completion in 1924, the road and the bridge became part of Route 66.
The bridge employs a straightforward design. It has a single span of 101 feet and a 19-foot-wide roadbed. The superstructure is of riveted steel and uses a five-panel Parker through truss. Truss bridges have a combination of members, usually arranged in a triangular configuration, to form a rigid framework. A Parker truss includes an additional element: an upper polygonal chord. The substructure has concrete abutments and wing walls. The floor is a concrete deck over steel stringers. The bridge has steel lattice guardrails with concrete curbs. The design and materials were efficient.
While the Walnut Canyon Bridge represents common construction of its time, it is now a rare surviving example on Route 66. The bridge is closed to traffic, but remains intact on a short stretch of abandoned roadbed. The National Park Service listed the Walnut Canyon Bridge in the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
Seen at rest is PU25 HAM, a short Irizar i6s Efficient Integral coach new to Pulham, Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire in March 2025.
Want to find out more? Join The PSV Circle - Details at www.psvcircle.org.uk
Copyright © P.J. Cook, all rights reserved. It is an offence to copy, use or post this image anywhere else without my permission.
After my efficient arrival here in Ho Chi Minh City, I took an afternoon walk along the Saigon River and then to the Bến Thành Market. Lurid in the smog was this Lotus 'installation' celebrating the signing of a huge architectural project envisioned for District 7 of the City.
The plans are to be put into effect by the Vạn Thịnh Phát Group with the help of lots of Malaysian money. The local newspaper has it thus: "Grossing up to US$6 billion in capital, the investors plan to turn the existing vast swathe of land into a hub of unique architecture attaining international benchmarks. Saigon Peninsula is intended to serve as the city’s “green lung” in harmony with the ideal living space given its prime location where the Saigon River and the Nha Be River join."
Well, let's hope that 'lung' will not be as artificial as its kick-off celebratory sculpture.
Victory Liner
( Front Bumper Details )
Fleet No.: 7220
Model: 2018 Almazora Tourist Star
( MAN RR3 19.360 HOCL )
*Taken During Transport and Logistics Philippines 2018
To the Zion Narrows and Wall Street! Sony A7RII Fine Art Zion National Park Autumn Winter Hike! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape Photography!
An important thing to remember is that even though pixel sizes keep getting smaller and smaller, the technology is advancing, so the smaller pixels are more efficient at collecting light. For instance, the Sony A7rII is back-illuminated which allows more photons to hit the sensor. Semiconductor technology is always advancing, so the brilliant engineers are always improving the signal/noise ratio. Far higher pixel counts, as well as better dynamic ranger, are thus not only possible, but the future!
Yes I have a Ph.D. in physics! I worked on phototranistors and photodiodes as well as an artificial retina for the blind. :)
You can read more about my own physics theory (dx4/dt=ic) here: herosodysseyphysics.wordpress.com/
And follow me on instagram! @45surf
Facebook!
www.facebook.com/elliot.mcgucken
Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Photography!
I love shooting fine art landscapes and fine art nature photography! :) I live for it!
Feel free to ask me any questions! Always love sharing tech talk and insights! :)
And all the best on Your Epic Hero's Odyssey!
The new Lightroom rocks!
Beautiful magnificent clouds!
View your artistic mission into photography as an epic odyssey of heroic poetry! Take it from Homer in Homer's Odyssey: "Tell me, O muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whose manners and customs he was acquainted; moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not save his men, for they perished through their own sheer folly in eating the cattle of the Sun-god Hyperion; so the god prevented them from ever reaching home. Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter of Jove, from whatsoever source you may know them. " --Samuel Butler Translation of Homer's Odyssey
All the best on your Epic Hero's Odyssey from Johnny Ranger McCoy!
Sony A7RII Fine Art Zion National Park Autumn Winter Subway Hike! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape Photography! Sony A7R2 & Sony 16-35mm Vario-Tessar T FE F4 ZA OSS E-Mount Lens!
...although a horned helmet would be reasonably efficient at holding water. Ah, who am I kidding. It would be a stupid idea to use a horned helmet as a bouquet holder, but it makes a unique photo!
We're Here looks at Not a Vase today.
An unconventional if efficient way of keeping the fleet livery in good fettle....
To avoid down-time out of commission in Space-Dock, it fell to Rhoda and Sidney to maintain the hulls of passing Galaxy Explorers as they flew into the base.
All it required was a steady hand, a nerve of steel and a willing pilot who'd fly low enough, (and upside down) for the magic to happen.
A first-winter Northern Gannet is a young bird in its earliest stage of life, easily recognized by its dark, mottled plumage. Instead of the bright white body of adults, it has a brownish body covered in white speckles, with darker wings and tail. The head and neck are also brown, and the bill is gray and less robust than that of an adult. During this stage, Northern Gannets spend most of their time at sea, gradually learning how to plunge-dive and hunt fish efficiently. Over the next several years, they slowly lose the dark markings and develop the clean white feathers and pale blue eye ring of a fully mature gannet.
That fence is one of the sunnier spots, so I decided to build a shelf where tomatoes can do well, and be fairly easily contained.
ODC Our Daily Challenge: Energy efficient
My favorite and effective way to save energy is: Traveling and emerging in places worldwide through reading books :-)
New 365 Project 2022: 28.06.
Victory Liner
Fleet No.: 7220
Model: 2018 Almazora Tourist Star
( MAN RR3 19.360 HOCL )
*Taken During Transport and Logistics Philippines 2018
Sony A7RII Fine Art Zion National Park Autumn Winter Subway Hike! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape Photography!
An important thing to remember is that even though pixel sizes keep getting smaller and smaller, the technology is advancing, so the smaller pixels are more efficient at collecting light. For instance, the Sony A7rII is back-illuminated which allows more photons to hit the sensor. Semiconductor technology is always advancing, so the brilliant engineers are always improving the signal/noise ratio. Far higher pixel counts, as well as better dynamic ranger, are thus not only possible, but the future!
Yes I have a Ph.D. in physics! I worked on phototranistors and photodiodes as well as an artificial retina for the blind. :)
You can read more about my own physics theory (dx4/dt=ic) here: herosodysseyphysics.wordpress.com/
And follow me on instagram! @45surf
Facebook!
www.facebook.com/elliot.mcgucken
Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Photography!
I love shooting fine art landscapes and fine art nature photography! :) I live for it!
Feel free to ask me any questions! Always love sharing tech talk and insights! :)
And all the best on Your Epic Hero's Odyssey!
The new Lightroom rocks!
Beautiful magnificent clouds!
View your artistic mission into photography as an epic odyssey of heroic poetry! Take it from Homer in Homer's Odyssey: "Tell me, O muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whose manners and customs he was acquainted; moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not save his men, for they perished through their own sheer folly in eating the cattle of the Sun-god Hyperion; so the god prevented them from ever reaching home. Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter of Jove, from whatsoever source you may know them. " --Samuel Butler Translation of Homer's Odyssey
All the best on your Epic Hero's Odyssey from Johnny Ranger McCoy!
Sony A7RII Fine Art Zion National Park Autumn Winter Subway Hike! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape Photography! Sony A7R2 & Sony 16-35mm Vario-Tessar T FE F4 ZA OSS E-Mount Lens!
Man ___ Lion's City Efficient Hybrid nº 707 (1988 LMH) de Tusgsal de Badalona (Barcelona)
El veiem el 4 d'Agost 2021 al carrer Marqués de Mont-Roig de Badalona asignat a la línia M26
No more blurred vision or difficulty swallowing.
No longer anxious or concerned.
Health and safety a main priority.
Special coat for rainy days.
Always hand in the coupons.
Not wasting energy trying to change.
Chores no longer tiresome.
Thinking positive (optimism not pessimism).
Better self esteem.
Always polite.
Loud noises no longer causing deep distress.
Economy drive.
Necessity not choice.
Now protecting the environment (never dropping litter on the pavement).
Never squashing snails or putting salt on the slugs.
Refuse always in correct recycle bin.
Always the same toothpaste.
Aware (but helpless).
A more confident citizen.
Acting with spontaneity (but always careful).
Take away treat on Fridays.
Waking more refreshed (now and again).
More able to taste chocolate (also on Fridays).
Always read the signs.
Always heed the signs.
Feeding the birds.
No longer wasting income on cigarettes. (but for how long?).
Following the rules at all times.
An apple a day.
Nothing vulgar.
Nothing offensive.
Nothing abhorrent.
Ques no longer causing anger.
Dreaming of a better future (but living in the moment).
Obedient.
Calm.
Positive focused and more efficient.
A donkey on a rope.....never getting the carrot.
Previously with McGil's the Irizar i6s demonstrator YT26 AFU is currently in use with West Coast Motors. It is seen here on the Great Western Road heading back to the city on the 926 on the mid afternoon departure from Campbeltown.
This is certainly getting the miles in at the moment.
Sony A7RII Fine Art Zion National Park Autumn Winter Subway Hike! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape Photography!
An important thing to remember is that even though pixel sizes keep getting smaller and smaller, the technology is advancing, so the smaller pixels are more efficient at collecting light. For instance, the Sony A7rII is back-illuminated which allows more photons to hit the sensor. Semiconductor technology is always advancing, so the brilliant engineers are always improving the signal/noise ratio. Far higher pixel counts, as well as better dynamic ranger, are thus not only possible, but the future!
Yes I have a Ph.D. in physics! I worked on phototranistors and photodiodes as well as an artificial retina for the blind. :)
You can read more about my own physics theory (dx4/dt=ic) here: herosodysseyphysics.wordpress.com/
And follow me on instagram! @45surf
Facebook!
www.facebook.com/elliot.mcgucken
Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Photography!
I love shooting fine art landscapes and fine art nature photography! :) I live for it!
Feel free to ask me any questions! Always love sharing tech talk and insights! :)
And all the best on Your Epic Hero's Odyssey!
The new Lightroom rocks!
Beautiful magnificent clouds!
View your artistic mission into photography as an epic odyssey of heroic poetry! Take it from Homer in Homer's Odyssey: "Tell me, O muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whose manners and customs he was acquainted; moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not save his men, for they perished through their own sheer folly in eating the cattle of the Sun-god Hyperion; so the god prevented them from ever reaching home. Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter of Jove, from whatsoever source you may know them. " --Samuel Butler Translation of Homer's Odyssey
All the best on your Epic Hero's Odyssey from Johnny Ranger McCoy!
Sony A7RII Fine Art Zion National Park Autumn Winter Subway Hike! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape Photography! Sony A7R2 & Sony 16-35mm Vario-Tessar T FE F4 ZA OSS E-Mount Lens!
This HYBYCOZO sculpture is titled Axis Mundi. It is in the Lewis Desert Portal and anchors the keystone of the Desert Discovery Trail.
Axis Mundi 2024.
Stainless Steel, Powder Coat Pigment, LED
Axis Mundi draws inspiration from the crystalline structure of fluorite, which contains shapes similar to honeycomb. This artwork is made up of hexagons and squares that efficiently fill space without gaps. These patterns are remarkably elegant and balanced in their division of three-dimensional space.
dbg.org/events/light-bloom/2024-10-12/
www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFelgzzzQqg
LIGHT BLOOM by HYBYCOZO is a limited-time exhibit where nature and light converge. This mesmerizing display invites you to explore the Garden transformed by stunning geometric light installations that illuminate the beauty of the desert landscape in a new way. As the sun sets, LIGHT BLOOM comes to life, casting intricate shadows and vibrant hues across the Garden. Wander the trails and let the enchanting installations transport you to a magical realm where the natural world meets the abstract.
HYBYCOZO is the collaborative studio of artists Serge Beaulieu and Yelena Filipchuk. Based in Los Angeles, their work consists of larger than life geometric sculptures, often with pattern and texture that draw on inspirations from mathematics, science, and natural phenomena. Typically illuminated, the work celebrates the inherent beauty of form and pattern and represents their ongoing journey in exploring the myriad dimensions of geometry. HYBYCOZO is short for the Hyperspace Bypass Construction Zone, a nod to their favorite novel (The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy) and was the title of their first installation in 2014. They continue to create under this name. In the novel earth was being destroyed to make way for a bypass. It lead Serge and Yelena to ask what it means to make art at a time where the earth’s hospitable time in the universe may be limited.
dbg.org/meet-the-artists-behind-light-bloom/
Q: Walk us through your creative process?
A: The focus of our creative process is to explore the intricate interplay between geometry, light, space and to inspire contemplation, wonder and a sense of place among our audiences. Geometry and pattern-making serve as the backbone of our creative expression. It is the framework through which we navigate the complexities of form, proportion and spatial relationships. Patterns, both simple and complex, have a profound impact on our perception and understanding of the world. They possess the ability to evoke a sense of order, balance and aesthetic pleasure. Pattern making and geometry offer us a means of storytelling and communication. These patterns serve as conduits for deeper exploration, provoking introspection and contemplation to uncover the underlying symbols embedded within the human psyche.
Q: What inspired the concept of LIGHT BLOOM?
A: Just as many cactus and desert plants have evolved to produce night-blooming flowers, adapting to their environment and thriving in darkness, our sculptures come alive after sunset, blossoming with light and transforming the night into a glowing landscape of art and geometry.
Desert Botanical Garden has an incredible collection of plants and cacti arranged in a beautiful park setting.
"Think the desert is all dirt and tumbleweeds? Think again. Desert Botanical Garden is home to thousands of species of cactus, trees and flowers from all around the world spread across 55 acres in Phoenix, Arizona."
Desert Botanical Garden
DBG HYBYCOZO Light Bloom
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2), it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7 million residents and the latter having over 9.6 million. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south; and has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean to the west.
The economy of the state of California is the largest in the United States, with a $3.4 trillion gross state product (GSP) as of 2022. It is the largest sub-national economy in the world. If California were a sovereign nation, it would rank as the world's fifth-largest economy as of 2022, behind Germany and ahead of India, as well as the 37th most populous. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and third-largest urban economies ($1.0 trillion and $0.5 trillion respectively as of 2020). The San Francisco Bay Area Combined Statistical Area had the nation's highest gross domestic product per capita ($106,757) among large primary statistical areas in 2018, and is home to five of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization and four of the world's ten richest people.
Prior to European colonization, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America and contained the highest Native American population density north of what is now Mexico. European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization of California by the Spanish Empire. In 1804, it was included in Alta California province within the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821, following its successful war for independence, but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. The California Gold Rush started in 1848 and led to dramatic social and demographic changes, including large-scale immigration into California, a worldwide economic boom, and the California genocide of indigenous people. The western portion of Alta California was then organized and admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850, following the Compromise of 1850.
Notable contributions to popular culture, for example in entertainment and sports, have their origins in California. The state also has made noteworthy contributions in the fields of communication, information, innovation, environmentalism, economics, and politics. It is the home of Hollywood, the oldest and one of the largest film industries in the world, which has had a profound influence upon global entertainment. It is considered the origin of the hippie counterculture, beach and car culture, and the personal computer, among other innovations. The San Francisco Bay Area and the Greater Los Angeles Area are widely seen as the centers of the global technology and film industries, respectively. California's economy is very diverse: 58% of it is based on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific, and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5% of the state's economy, California's agriculture industry has the highest output of any U.S. state. California's ports and harbors handle about a third of all U.S. imports, most originating in Pacific Rim international trade.
The state's extremely diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast and metropolitan areas in the west to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east, and from the redwood and Douglas fir forests in the northwest to the Mojave Desert in the southeast. The Central Valley, a major agricultural area, dominates the state's center. California is well known for its warm Mediterranean climate and monsoon seasonal weather. The large size of the state results in climates that vary from moist temperate rainforest in the north to arid desert in the interior, as well as snowy alpine in the mountains.
Settled by successive waves of arrivals during at least the last 13,000 years, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America. Various estimates of the native population have ranged from 100,000 to 300,000. The indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct ethnic groups, inhabiting environments from mountains and deserts to islands and redwood forests. These groups were also diverse in their political organization, with bands, tribes, villages, and on the resource-rich coasts, large chiefdoms, such as the Chumash, Pomo and Salinan. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered social and economic relationships between many groups.
The first Europeans to explore the coast of California were the members of a Spanish maritime expedition led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542. Cabrillo was commissioned by Antonio de Mendoza, the Viceroy of New Spain, to lead an expedition up the Pacific coast in search of trade opportunities; they entered San Diego Bay on September 28, 1542, and reached at least as far north as San Miguel Island. Privateer and explorer Francis Drake explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1579, landing north of the future city of San Francisco. Sebastián Vizcaíno explored and mapped the coast of California in 1602 for New Spain, putting ashore in Monterey. Despite the on-the-ground explorations of California in the 16th century, Rodríguez's idea of California as an island persisted. Such depictions appeared on many European maps well into the 18th century.
The Portolá expedition of 1769-70 was a pivotal event in the Spanish colonization of California, resulting in the establishment of numerous missions, presidios, and pueblos. The military and civil contingent of the expedition was led by Gaspar de Portolá, who traveled over land from Sonora into California, while the religious component was headed by Junípero Serra, who came by sea from Baja California. In 1769, Portolá and Serra established Mission San Diego de Alcalá and the Presidio of San Diego, the first religious and military settlements founded by the Spanish in California. By the end of the expedition in 1770, they would establish the Presidio of Monterey and Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo on Monterey Bay.
After the Portolà expedition, Spanish missionaries led by Father-President Serra set out to establish 21 Spanish missions of California along El Camino Real ("The Royal Road") and along the Californian coast, 16 sites of which having been chosen during the Portolá expedition. Numerous major cities in California grew out of missions, including San Francisco (Mission San Francisco de Asís), San Diego (Mission San Diego de Alcalá), Ventura (Mission San Buenaventura), or Santa Barbara (Mission Santa Barbara), among others.
Juan Bautista de Anza led a similarly important expedition throughout California in 1775–76, which would extend deeper into the interior and north of California. The Anza expedition selected numerous sites for missions, presidios, and pueblos, which subsequently would be established by settlers. Gabriel Moraga, a member of the expedition, would also christen many of California's prominent rivers with their names in 1775–1776, such as the Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River. After the expedition, Gabriel's son, José Joaquín Moraga, would found the pueblo of San Jose in 1777, making it the first civilian-established city in California.
The Spanish founded Mission San Juan Capistrano in 1776, the third to be established of the Californian missions.
During this same period, sailors from the Russian Empire explored along the northern coast of California. In 1812, the Russian-American Company established a trading post and small fortification at Fort Ross on the North Coast. Fort Ross was primarily used to supply Russia's Alaskan colonies with food supplies. The settlement did not meet much success, failing to attract settlers or establish long term trade viability, and was abandoned by 1841.
During the War of Mexican Independence, Alta California was largely unaffected and uninvolved in the revolution, though many Californios supported independence from Spain, which many believed had neglected California and limited its development. Spain's trade monopoly on California had limited the trade prospects of Californians. Following Mexican independence, Californian ports were freely able to trade with foreign merchants. Governor Pablo Vicente de Solá presided over the transition from Spanish colonial rule to independent.
In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence gave the Mexican Empire (which included California) independence from Spain. For the next 25 years, Alta California remained a remote, sparsely populated, northwestern administrative district of the newly independent country of Mexico, which shortly after independence became a republic. The missions, which controlled most of the best land in the state, were secularized by 1834 and became the property of the Mexican government. The governor granted many square leagues of land to others with political influence. These huge ranchos or cattle ranches emerged as the dominant institutions of Mexican California. The ranchos developed under ownership by Californios (Hispanics native of California) who traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants. Beef did not become a commodity until the 1849 California Gold Rush.
From the 1820s, trappers and settlers from the United States and Canada began to arrive in Northern California. These new arrivals used the Siskiyou Trail, California Trail, Oregon Trail and Old Spanish Trail to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts in and surrounding California. The early government of the newly independent Mexico was highly unstable, and in a reflection of this, from 1831 onwards, California also experienced a series of armed disputes, both internal and with the central Mexican government. During this tumultuous political period Juan Bautista Alvarado was able to secure the governorship during 1836–1842. The military action which first brought Alvarado to power had momentarily declared California to be an independent state, and had been aided by Anglo-American residents of California, including Isaac Graham. In 1840, one hundred of those residents who did not have passports were arrested, leading to the Graham Affair, which was resolved in part with the intercession of Royal Navy officials.
One of the largest ranchers in California was John Marsh. After failing to obtain justice against squatters on his land from the Mexican courts, he determined that California should become part of the United States. Marsh conducted a letter-writing campaign espousing the California climate, the soil, and other reasons to settle there, as well as the best route to follow, which became known as "Marsh's route". His letters were read, reread, passed around, and printed in newspapers throughout the country, and started the first wagon trains rolling to California. He invited immigrants to stay on his ranch until they could get settled, and assisted in their obtaining passports.
After ushering in the period of organized emigration to California, Marsh became involved in a military battle between the much-hated Mexican general, Manuel Micheltorena and the California governor he had replaced, Juan Bautista Alvarado. The armies of each met at the Battle of Providencia near Los Angeles. Marsh had been forced against his will to join Micheltorena's army. Ignoring his superiors, during the battle, he signaled the other side for a parley. There were many settlers from the United States fighting on both sides. He convinced these men that they had no reason to be fighting each other. As a result of Marsh's actions, they abandoned the fight, Micheltorena was defeated, and California-born Pio Pico was returned to the governorship. This paved the way to California's ultimate acquisition by the United States.
In 1846, a group of American settlers in and around Sonoma rebelled against Mexican rule during the Bear Flag Revolt. Afterward, rebels raised the Bear Flag (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe and the words "California Republic") at Sonoma. The Republic's only president was William B. Ide,[65] who played a pivotal role during the Bear Flag Revolt. This revolt by American settlers served as a prelude to the later American military invasion of California and was closely coordinated with nearby American military commanders.
The California Republic was short-lived; the same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican–American War (1846–48).
Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into Monterey Bay in 1846 and began the U.S. military invasion of California, with Northern California capitulating in less than a month to the United States forces. In Southern California, Californios continued to resist American forces. Notable military engagements of the conquest include the Battle of San Pasqual and the Battle of Dominguez Rancho in Southern California, as well as the Battle of Olómpali and the Battle of Santa Clara in Northern California. After a series of defensive battles in the south, the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed by the Californios on January 13, 1847, securing a censure and establishing de facto American control in California.
Following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (February 2, 1848) that ended the war, the westernmost portion of the annexed Mexican territory of Alta California soon became the American state of California, and the remainder of the old territory was then subdivided into the new American Territories of Arizona, Nevada, Colorado and Utah. The even more lightly populated and arid lower region of old Baja California remained as a part of Mexico. In 1846, the total settler population of the western part of the old Alta California had been estimated to be no more than 8,000, plus about 100,000 Native Americans, down from about 300,000 before Hispanic settlement in 1769.
In 1848, only one week before the official American annexation of the area, gold was discovered in California, this being an event which was to forever alter both the state's demographics and its finances. Soon afterward, a massive influx of immigration into the area resulted, as prospectors and miners arrived by the thousands. The population burgeoned with United States citizens, Europeans, Chinese and other immigrants during the great California Gold Rush. By the time of California's application for statehood in 1850, the settler population of California had multiplied to 100,000. By 1854, more than 300,000 settlers had come. Between 1847 and 1870, the population of San Francisco increased from 500 to 150,000.
The seat of government for California under Spanish and later Mexican rule had been located in Monterey from 1777 until 1845. Pio Pico, the last Mexican governor of Alta California, had briefly moved the capital to Los Angeles in 1845. The United States consulate had also been located in Monterey, under consul Thomas O. Larkin.
In 1849, a state Constitutional Convention was first held in Monterey. Among the first tasks of the convention was a decision on a location for the new state capital. The first full legislative sessions were held in San Jose (1850–1851). Subsequent locations included Vallejo (1852–1853), and nearby Benicia (1853–1854); these locations eventually proved to be inadequate as well. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1854 with only a short break in 1862 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to flooding in Sacramento. Once the state's Constitutional Convention had finalized its state constitution, it applied to the U.S. Congress for admission to statehood. On September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850, California became a free state and September 9 a state holiday.
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), California sent gold shipments eastward to Washington in support of the Union. However, due to the existence of a large contingent of pro-South sympathizers within the state, the state was not able to muster any full military regiments to send eastwards to officially serve in the Union war effort. Still, several smaller military units within the Union army were unofficially associated with the state of California, such as the "California 100 Company", due to a majority of their members being from California.
At the time of California's admission into the Union, travel between California and the rest of the continental United States had been a time-consuming and dangerous feat. Nineteen years later, and seven years after it was greenlighted by President Lincoln, the First transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869. California was then reachable from the eastern States in a week's time.
Much of the state was extremely well suited to fruit cultivation and agriculture in general. Vast expanses of wheat, other cereal crops, vegetable crops, cotton, and nut and fruit trees were grown (including oranges in Southern California), and the foundation was laid for the state's prodigious agricultural production in the Central Valley and elsewhere.
In the nineteenth century, a large number of migrants from China traveled to the state as part of the Gold Rush or to seek work. Even though the Chinese proved indispensable in building the transcontinental railroad from California to Utah, perceived job competition with the Chinese led to anti-Chinese riots in the state, and eventually the US ended migration from China partially as a response to pressure from California with the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act.
Under earlier Spanish and Mexican rule, California's original native population had precipitously declined, above all, from Eurasian diseases to which the indigenous people of California had not yet developed a natural immunity. Under its new American administration, California's harsh governmental policies towards its own indigenous people did not improve. As in other American states, many of the native inhabitants were soon forcibly removed from their lands by incoming American settlers such as miners, ranchers, and farmers. Although California had entered the American union as a free state, the "loitering or orphaned Indians" were de facto enslaved by their new Anglo-American masters under the 1853 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians. There were also massacres in which hundreds of indigenous people were killed.
Between 1850 and 1860, the California state government paid around 1.5 million dollars (some 250,000 of which was reimbursed by the federal government) to hire militias whose purpose was to protect settlers from the indigenous populations. In later decades, the native population was placed in reservations and rancherias, which were often small and isolated and without enough natural resources or funding from the government to sustain the populations living on them. As a result, the rise of California was a calamity for the native inhabitants. Several scholars and Native American activists, including Benjamin Madley and Ed Castillo, have described the actions of the California government as a genocide.
In the twentieth century, thousands of Japanese people migrated to the US and California specifically to attempt to purchase and own land in the state. However, the state in 1913 passed the Alien Land Act, excluding Asian immigrants from owning land. During World War II, Japanese Americans in California were interned in concentration camps such as at Tule Lake and Manzanar. In 2020, California officially apologized for this internment.
Migration to California accelerated during the early 20th century with the completion of major transcontinental highways like the Lincoln Highway and Route 66. In the period from 1900 to 1965, the population grew from fewer than one million to the greatest in the Union. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported California's population as 6.0% Hispanic, 2.4% Asian, and 89.5% non-Hispanic white.
To meet the population's needs, major engineering feats like the California and Los Angeles Aqueducts; the Oroville and Shasta Dams; and the Bay and Golden Gate Bridges were built across the state. The state government also adopted the California Master Plan for Higher Education in 1960 to develop a highly efficient system of public education.
Meanwhile, attracted to the mild Mediterranean climate, cheap land, and the state's wide variety of geography, filmmakers established the studio system in Hollywood in the 1920s. California manufactured 8.7 percent of total United States military armaments produced during World War II, ranking third (behind New York and Michigan) among the 48 states. California however easily ranked first in production of military ships during the war (transport, cargo, [merchant ships] such as Liberty ships, Victory ships, and warships) at drydock facilities in San Diego, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area. After World War II, California's economy greatly expanded due to strong aerospace and defense industries, whose size decreased following the end of the Cold War. Stanford University and its Dean of Engineering Frederick Terman began encouraging faculty and graduates to stay in California instead of leaving the state, and develop a high-tech region in the area now known as Silicon Valley. As a result of these efforts, California is regarded as a world center of the entertainment and music industries, of technology, engineering, and the aerospace industry, and as the United States center of agricultural production. Just before the Dot Com Bust, California had the fifth-largest economy in the world among nations.
In the mid and late twentieth century, a number of race-related incidents occurred in the state. Tensions between police and African Americans, combined with unemployment and poverty in inner cities, led to violent riots, such as the 1965 Watts riots and 1992 Rodney King riots. California was also the hub of the Black Panther Party, a group known for arming African Americans to defend against racial injustice and for organizing free breakfast programs for schoolchildren. Additionally, Mexican, Filipino, and other migrant farm workers rallied in the state around Cesar Chavez for better pay in the 1960s and 1970s.
During the 20th century, two great disasters happened in California. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and 1928 St. Francis Dam flood remain the deadliest in U.S. history.
Although air pollution problems have been reduced, health problems associated with pollution have continued. The brown haze known as "smog" has been substantially abated after the passage of federal and state restrictions on automobile exhaust.
An energy crisis in 2001 led to rolling blackouts, soaring power rates, and the importation of electricity from neighboring states. Southern California Edison and Pacific Gas and Electric Company came under heavy criticism.
Housing prices in urban areas continued to increase; a modest home which in the 1960s cost $25,000 would cost half a million dollars or more in urban areas by 2005. More people commuted longer hours to afford a home in more rural areas while earning larger salaries in the urban areas. Speculators bought houses they never intended to live in, expecting to make a huge profit in a matter of months, then rolling it over by buying more properties. Mortgage companies were compliant, as everyone assumed the prices would keep rising. The bubble burst in 2007–8 as housing prices began to crash and the boom years ended. Hundreds of billions in property values vanished and foreclosures soared as many financial institutions and investors were badly hurt.
In the twenty-first century, droughts and frequent wildfires attributed to climate change have occurred in the state. From 2011 to 2017, a persistent drought was the worst in its recorded history. The 2018 wildfire season was the state's deadliest and most destructive, most notably Camp Fire.
Although air pollution problems have been reduced, health problems associated with pollution have continued. The brown haze that is known as "smog" has been substantially abated thanks to federal and state restrictions on automobile exhaust.
One of the first confirmed COVID-19 cases in the United States that occurred in California was first of which was confirmed on January 26, 2020. Meaning, all of the early confirmed cases were persons who had recently travelled to China in Asia, as testing was restricted to this group. On this January 29, 2020, as disease containment protocols were still being developed, the U.S. Department of State evacuated 195 persons from Wuhan, China aboard a chartered flight to March Air Reserve Base in Riverside County, and in this process, it may have granted and conferred to escalated within the land and the US at cosmic. On February 5, 2020, the U.S. evacuated 345 more citizens from Hubei Province to two military bases in California, Travis Air Force Base in Solano County and Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, San Diego, where they were quarantined for 14 days. A state of emergency was largely declared in this state of the nation on March 4, 2020, and as of February 24, 2021, remains in effect. A mandatory statewide stay-at-home order was issued on March 19, 2020, due to increase, which was ended on January 25, 2021, allowing citizens to return to normal life. On April 6, 2021, the state announced plans to fully reopen the economy by June 15, 2021.
RR74 AAA is an Irizar i6s Efficient new to AAA Coaches of Kirknewton in December 2024.
It is seen here in Edinburgh operating a tour.
Sony A7RII Fine Art Zion National Park Autumn Winter Subway Hike! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape Photography!
An important thing to remember is that even though pixel sizes keep getting smaller and smaller, the technology is advancing, so the smaller pixels are more efficient at collecting light. For instance, the Sony A7rII is back-illuminated which allows more photons to hit the sensor. Semiconductor technology is always advancing, so the brilliant engineers are always improving the signal/noise ratio. Far higher pixel counts, as well as better dynamic ranger, are thus not only possible, but the future!
Yes I have a Ph.D. in physics! I worked on phototranistors and photodiodes as well as an artificial retina for the blind. :)
You can read more about my own physics theory (dx4/dt=ic) here: herosodysseyphysics.wordpress.com/
And follow me on instagram! @45surf
Facebook!
www.facebook.com/elliot.mcgucken
Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Photography!
I love shooting fine art landscapes and fine art nature photography! :) I live for it!
Feel free to ask me any questions! Always love sharing tech talk and insights! :)
And all the best on Your Epic Hero's Odyssey!
The new Lightroom rocks!
Beautiful magnificent clouds!
View your artistic mission into photography as an epic odyssey of heroic poetry! Take it from Homer in Homer's Odyssey: "Tell me, O muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whose manners and customs he was acquainted; moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not save his men, for they perished through their own sheer folly in eating the cattle of the Sun-god Hyperion; so the god prevented them from ever reaching home. Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter of Jove, from whatsoever source you may know them. " --Samuel Butler Translation of Homer's Odyssey
All the best on your Epic Hero's Odyssey from Johnny Ranger McCoy!
Sony A7RII Fine Art Zion National Park Autumn Winter Subway Hike! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape Photography! Sony A7R2 & Sony 16-35mm Vario-Tessar T FE F4 ZA OSS E-Mount Lens!
Dedicata.
Per gli aficionados dei cento punti oggi vado di “ruota libera”... che ne ho bisogno!
1.Come disse il filosofo A.Albanese: “Un bò va bene...”
2.Dormo tantissimo e malissimo. (entrambe le cose, non da me)
3.Avete rotto i maroni con sto uazzap che diventa a pagamento!
4.Se qualcuno dovesse comperare degli attrezzi da palestra rivolgetevi senza esitazione alla ditta Higt Power. Si compra comodamente via internet e sono più gentili, efficienti e preparati di un negozio. Una roba ai limiti dell'incredibile.
5.Per fortuna che esistono anche questo tipo di piccole gratificazioni morali.
6.“Sono preoccupata per papà...” è una frase che continua a martellarmi in testa e che non riesco né a digerire né a tollerare.
7.É deprimente avvicinarsi all'estate sapendo già che non sarà quel periodo di quiete e relax a cui di solito si attinge per recuperare le fatiche di tutto un anno.
8.Linda comincia a suonare veramente bene il pianoforte. (significa grandi pianti in avvicinamento)
9.“Come mago era meglio papà” ed anche questa è una frase che continua a tornarmi in mente, ma provocando un effetto totalmente diverso da quell'altra.
10.Com'è possibile a maggio che ci siano 4° come in inverno.
11.Dopo a ottobre ci sarà un sole da andare al mare ma le vacanze (per nulla rilassanti) saranno già finite e non avremo più ferie.
12.Pensavo ce ne fosse uno solo...
13.I bambini piccoli che giocano a calcio, specie senza essere tanto buoni, sono uno spettacolo. I loro genitori in tribuna, meno.
14.Ho messo la suoneria “Casa Vianello” a Paola. :)
15.Da domani comincio.
16.Una persona che non mi aspettavo potesse averla mi ha spedito una foto che pensavo fosse impossibile potesse esistere.
17.Mi sa che alcune mamme della scuola ci marciano con sto fatto che tanto le foto le faccio io.
18.Francy... uff, tocca ripetersi: Paola (come il Boo) ha sempre ragione.
19.Non c'è cosa come fare mosse idiote mentre gioco agli scacchi...
20.Leggo tantissimo e scrivo ancora meno.
21.Sono passato (con soddisfazione) a Open office (Ale, c'avevi ragione... ma te, solo stavolta)
22.Perchè se un film fa schifo non posso semplicemente interromperne la visione?
23.Devo smetterla di dispensare ottimismo!
24.Non c'è limite, ora lo so.
25.Natale.
26.Santo Stefano.
27.Mangio un sacco di arachidi.
28.Olga si sposa... sembra ieri che era una ragazzina. Sarà bellissima ed io spero di essere in grado di mostrarlo a tutti.
29.Ho mangiato un granchio in Francia e non era un granché.
30.La salita è dura ma la discesa non è molle manco per niente.
31.Sono il re dei peperoni.
32.La Svizzera è un altro mondo. Ce ne dobbiamo fare una ragione.
33.La televisione la vedo solo per risintonizzare il digitale terrestre.
34.Odio spolverare.
35.Odio anche le lenzuola senza gli angoli che dopo una notte che ci dormi le devi di nuovo ripiantare o, peggio, che mentre ci stai dormendo si spiantano e si dorme d'un male!
36.Ce l'ho con mezzo mondo e l'altro mezzo si salva perché non lo conosco.
37.La Lazio ha vinto la coppa Italia... tempi duri per mia moglie e il mio vicino.
38.Paraponziponzipà.
39.Le mie vecchie musicassette si sentono tutte (o quasi) come fossero un 45 giri messo a 33.
40.Guarda che non è bello eh? (non riferito alle musicassette)
41.Perdincibaccolinaciripicchiola.
42.Mi vedo, con grossa soddisfazione e curiosità, gara 7 tra Heat e Pacers.
43.Rita, Sergio e Alberto, vivaddio che ci sono ancora persone come loro... e viva Dio che me li ha fatti incontrare tutti.
44.Due materassi singoli sono di gran lunga meglio di uno solo, matrimoniale.
45.Non è il periodo giusto per guardare film commoventi.
46.Non è il periodo giusto e basta.
47.Era ora che Katamail si rinnovava.
48.Certi proverbi hanno ragione più di altri.
49.T.a.a.s.a.m.m.m.n.t.l.d.m.p.
50.Devo raccontare del professor Pennazzi a Linda. (che ha cominciato a scrivere piiiiiiccolo)
51.Quest’anno il gelato non mi fa impazzire. (strano)
52.Un punto in comune con l'altra lista: devo (ancora) scrivere alla mia amica Silvia. :(
53.Io non sono così. E certe volte me ne dispiace.
54.Il divano messo all'impiedi è strano, la fotografia del divano all'impiedi, anche se la giri dal verso giusto è strana lo stesso.
55.Quest'estate dipingo. E faccio un puzzle.
56.Quest'anno ho fatto più chilometri in scooter che in macchina.
57.Quest'anno ho fatto meno chilometri in bicicletta di quelli fatti correndo. (che già sono pochi)
58.Gli oro saiwa col miele sono spettacolari. (pure nel cappuccino d'orzo)
59.Se non si decide ad uscire un po' di sole le fragole sul balcone sapranno d'acqua.
60.Grazie a Linda mi toccherà mangiare zucchine per tutta l'estate... non bastava già la suocera?
61.Litigo poco, ma son stufo.
62.Just Breathe. Tiè, pure un punto in inglisc!
63.Banale, ma questo nuovo Flickr fa veramente schifo! Pensare che ci avranno studiato sopra chissà per quanto tempo.
64.Si va in montagna da Alberto e io e Linda dormiamo nel letto a castello.
65.La speranza non ha alcun vantaggio sulla paura.
66.É questione di sopravvivenza.
67.Che c'azzecca una cyclette parcheggiata davanti alla porta del bagno?
68.Io continuo a preferire come l'acqua dentro il mare.
69.La mia musica da scacchi preferita è Bohemian rhapsody suonata al pianoforte.
70.Non è ancora sicuro, ma W il 2006.
71.Di come tutto è sfrenatamente riconducibile al denaro.
72.Linda vuole che le spieghi le mie magie sui miei quaderni... ci sarà da ridere.
73.Certe volte vorrei sparire dal mondo. (ma non ho ancora imparato come si fa a riapparire)
74.Uno dei punti fermi della mia vita attuale è il caffè appena arrivo al lavoro, il che la dice lunga su molto.
75.Comprare una cosa e pagarla (anche cara) è bello, non comperare nulla ma dover pagare caro lo stesso è una grossa rottura di.
76.Sono ingrassato, ma me ne frego tanto ho ordinato un bellissimo burqa da spiaggia. (da uomo)
77.Devo insegnare a Linda come si fanno i tuffi.
78.Stavo pensando a tutte le cose che ho insegnato a mia figlia e... mi scappa un sorriso. Ma lo so io il perché.
79.Casa nostra è in uno stato di caos che non ho mai riscontrato in nessun'altra casa, ma è bella lo stesso. Magari proprio per questo. Io ho smesso di considerarlo un difetto.
80.Ho una miriade di scartoffie da sistemare. Con la massima attenzione.
81.Mi manca una buona pasta al pesto! Troppo lunga l'astinenza.
82.La via di mezzo spegne il bisogno… la cosa sorprendente è che a volte riesce anche a dare piena gioia.
83.Mia moglie è la regina del contrattacco.
84.Le monete da un centesimo che le hanno fatte a fare che costa tutto carissimo?
85.Ma anche no.
86.Mi sa che è arrivata l’ora di riverniciare le finestre.
87.Ho scoperto una cosa.
88.Per la prima volta, venduta in un negozio, ho visto una confezione d’acqua con le bottiglie tenute assieme da una reggetta anziché avvolte nella plastica. Tempi duri.
89.La crisi non esiste ma in Italia ci siamo dentro lo stesso.
90.Quando il computer non va bene mi incazzo.
91.È inutile ostinarsi a fare dei promemoria se poi non li guardo o, peggio, mi scordo dove li metto.
92.Fritz è un bastardo.
93.Se il coniglio gli agli ti piglia, togligli gli agli e tagliagli gli artigli.
94.Penso che mi verrà la febbre.
95.I dottori, come i dentisti che operano per la prima volta, dovrebbero dirtelo.
96.Paziente, anche se potrebbe somigliargli, è diverso da coglione.
97.Il mio angelo custode è un fenomeno. (Io lo voglio conoscere… ma con calma)
98.Enza lascia la scia di profumo sulle scale.
99.La fortuna non concede nulla in proprietà assoluta.
100.Puntini puntini puntini.
Heading for Glasgow on the Citylink 976 from Oban is West Coast Motors Irizar i6s efficient YT74 EFO, 12425.
Today was a bit of an experiment in shooting in poor light, fortunately this one was reasonably successful (other opinions are available).
Moving efficiently around orbital spaceports and also on low gravity moons, these spacecraft were a practical and popular product from Llwyngwril Space Systems. Large engines and a big magno-clamp load bed enabled a wide variety of loads to be quickly and easily shifted around loading bays and warehouses. The large area under the load bed was given over to fuel tanks, meaning that the ship only had be re-fuelled when its pilots changed shift.
With centuries of hard use, these workhorses gradually became increasingly unreliable. Obsolescence also meant that spare parts became hard to find. The crews of the ships generally replaced one of the consonants in the ships' name, due to poor rates of availability and safety.
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Inspired by this and built months ago but I've got a Lego photography backlog.
conceptships.blogspot.co.uk/2017/06/lifter-from-alien-cov...
Some background:
Simple, efficient and reliable, the Regult (リガード, Rigādo) was the standard mass production mecha of the Zentraedi forces. Produced by Esbeliben at the 4.432.369th Zentraedi Fully Automated Weaponry Development and Production Factory Satellite in staggering numbers to fill the need for an all-purpose mecha, this battle pod accommodated a single Zentraedi soldier in a compact cockpit and was capable of operating in space or on a planet's surface. The Regult saw much use during Space War I in repeated engagements against the forces of the SDF-1 Macross and the U.N. Spacy, but its lack of versatility against superior mecha often resulted in average effectiveness and heavy losses. The vehicle was regarded as expendable and was therefore cheap, simple, but also very effective when fielded in large numbers. Possessing minimal defensive features, the Regult was a simple weapon that performed best in large numbers and when supported by other mecha such as Gnerl Fighter Pods. Total production is said to have exceeded 300 million in total.
The cockpit could be accesses through a hatch on the back of the Regult’s body, which was, however, extremely cramped, with poor habitability and means of survival. The giant Zentraedi that operated it often found themselves crouching, with some complaining that "It would have been easier had they just walked on their own feet". Many parts of the craft relied on being operated on manually, which increased the fatigue of the pilot. On the other hand, the overall structure was extremely simple, with relatively few failures, making operational rate high.
In space, the Regult made use of two booster engines and numerous vernier thrusters to propel itself at very high speeds, capable of engaging and maintaining pace with the U.N. Spacy's VF-1 Valkyrie variable fighter. Within an atmosphere, the Regult was largely limited to ground combat but retained high speed and maneuverability. On land, the Regult was surprisingly fast and agile, too, capable of closing with the VF-1 variable fighter in GERWALK flight (though likely unable to maintain pace at full GERWALK velocity). The Regult was not confined to land operations, though, it was also capable of operating underwater for extended periods of time. Thanks to its boosters, the Regult was capable of high leaping that allowed the pod to cover long distances, surprise enemies and even engage low-flying aircraft.
Armed with a variety of direct-fire energy weapons and anti-personnel/anti-aircraft guns, the Regult offered considerable firepower and was capable of engaging both air and ground units. It was also able to deliver powerful kicks. The armor of the body shell wasn't very strong, though, and could easily be penetrated by a Valkyrie's 55 mm Gatling gun pod. Even bare fist attacks of a VF-1 could crack the Regult’s cockpit or immobilize it. The U.N. Spacy’s MBR-07 Destroid Spartan was, after initial battel experience with the Regult, specifically designed to engage the Zentraedi forces’ primary infantry weapon in close-combat.
The Regult was, despite general shortcomings, a highly successful design and it became the basis for a wide range of specialized versions, including advanced battle pods for commanders, heavy infantry weapon carriers and reconnaissance/command vehicles. The latter included the Regult Tactical Scout (リガード偵察型). manufactured by electronics specialist Ectromelia. The Tactical Scout variant was a deadly addition to the Zentraedi Regult mecha troops. Removing all weaponry, the Tactical Scout was equipped with many additional sensor clusters and long-range detection equipment. Always found operating among other Regult mecha or supporting Glaug command pods, the Scout was capable of early warning enemy detection as well as ECM/ECCM roles (Electronic Countermeasures/Electronic Counter-Countermeasures). In Space War I, the Tactical Scout was utilized to devastating effect, often providing radar jamming, communication relay and superior tactical positioning for the many Zentraedi mecha forces.
At the end of Space War I in January 2012, production of the Regult for potential Earth defensive combat continued when the seizure operation of the Factory Satellite was executed. After the war, Regults were used by both U.N. Spacy and Zentraedi insurgents. Many surviving units were incorporated into the New U.N. Forces and given new model numbers. The normal Regult became the “Zentraedi Battle Pod” ZBP-104 (often just called “Type 104”) and was, for example, used by Al-Shahal's New U.N. Army's Zentraedi garrison. The related ZBP-106 was a modernized version for Zentraedi commanders, with built-in boosters, additional Queadluun-Rhea arms and extra armaments. These primarily replaced the Glaug battle pod, of which only a handful had survived. By 2067, Regult pods of all variants were still in operation among mixed human/Zentraedi units.
General characteristics:
Accommodation: pilot only, in standard cockpit in main body
Overall Height: 18.2 meters
Overall Length: 7.6 meters
Overall Width: 12.6 meters
Max Weight: 39.8 metric tons
Powerplant & propulsion:
1x 1.3 GGV class Ectromelia thermonuclear reaction furnace,
driving 2x main booster Thrusters and 12x vernier thrusters
Performance:
unknown
Armament:
None
Special Equipment and Features:
Standard all-frequency radar antenna
Standard laser long-range sensor
Ectromelia infrared, visible light and ultraviolet frequency sensor cluster
ECM/ECCM suite
The kit and its assembly:
I had this kit stashed away for a couple of years, together with a bunch of other 1:100 Zentraedi pods of all kinds and the plan to build a full platoon one day – but this has naturally not happened so far and the kits were and are still waiting. The “Reconnaissance & Surveillance” group build at whatifmodellers.com in August 2021 was a good occasion and motivation to tackle the Tactical Scout model from the pile, though, as it perfectly fits the GB’s theme and also adds an exotic science fiction/anime twist to the submissions.
The kit is an original ARII boxing from 1983, AFAIK the only edition of this model. One might expect this kit to be a variation of the 1982 standard Regult (sometimes spelled “Reguld”) kit with extra parts, but that’s not the case – it is a new mold with different parts and technical solutions, and it offers optional parts for the standard Regult pod as well as the two missile carrier versions that were published at the same time, too. The Tactical Scout uses the same basis, but it comes with parts exclusive for this variant (hull and a sprue with the many antennae and sensors).
I remembered from a former ARII Regult build in the late Eighties that the legs were a wobbly affair. Careful sprue inspection revealed, however, that this second generation comes with some sensible detail changes, e. g. the feet, which originally consisted of separate toe and heel sections (and these were hollow from behind/below!). To my biggest surprise the knees – a notorious weak spot of the 1st generation Regult kit – were not only held by small and flimsy vinyl caps anymore: These were replaced with much bigger vinyl rings, fitted into sturdy single-piece enclosures made from a tough styrene which can even be tuned with small metal screws(!), which are included in the kit. Interesting!
But the joy is still limited: even though the mold is newer, fit is mediocre at best, PSR is necessary on every seam. However, the good news is that the kit does not fight with you. The whole thing was mostly built OOB, because at 1:100 there's little that makes sense to add to the surface, and the kit comes with anything you'd expect on a Regult Scout pod. I just added some lenses and small stuff behind the large "eye", which is (also to my surprise) a clear part. The stuff might only appear in schemes on the finished model, but that's better than leaving the area blank.
Otherwise, the model was built in sub-sections for easier painting and handling, to be assembled in a final step – made possible by the kit’s design which avoids the early mecha kit’s “onion layer” construction, except for the feet. This is the only area that requires some extra effort, and which is also a bit tricky to assemble.
However, while the knees appear to be a robust construction, the kit showed some material weakness: while handling the leg assembly, one leg suddenly came off under the knees - turned out that the locator that holds the knee joint above (which I expected to be the weak point) completely broke off of the lower leg! Weird damage. I tried to glue the leg into place, but this did not work, and so I inserted a replacement for the broken. This eventually worked.
Painting and markings:
Colorful, but pretty standard and with the attempt to be authentic. However, information concerning the Regults’ paint scheme is somewhat inconsistent. I decided to use a more complex interpretation of the standard blue/grey Regult scheme, with a lighter “face shield” and some other details that make the mecha look more interesting. I used the box art and some screenshots from the Macross TV series as reference; the Tactical Scout pod already appears in episode #2 for the first time, and there are some good views at it, even though the anime version is highly simplified.
Humbrol enamels were used, including 48 (Mediterranean Blue), 196 (RAL 7035, instead of pure white), 40 (Pale Grey) and 27 (Sea Grey). The many optics were created with clear acrylics over a silver base, and the large frontal “eye” is a piece of clear plastic with a coat of clear turquoise paint, too.
The model received a black ink washing to emphasize details, engraved panel lines and recesses, as well as some light post-shading through dry-brushing. Some surface details were created with decal stripes, e. g. on the upper legs, or with a black fineliner, and some color highlights were distributed all over the hull, e. g. the yellowish-beige tips of the wide antenna or the bright blue panels on the upper legs.
The decals were taken OOB, and thanks to a translation chart I was able to decipher some of the markings which I’d interpret as a serial number and a unit code – but who knows?
Finally, the kit received an overall coat of matt acrylic varnish and some weathering/dust traces around the feet with simple watercolors – more would IMHO look out of place, due to the mecha’s sheer size in real life and the fact that the Regult has to be considered a disposable item. Either it’s brand new and shiny, or busted, there’s probably little in between that justifies serious weathering which better suits the tank-like Destroids.
A “normal” build, even though the model and the topic are exotic enough. This 2nd generation Regult kit went together easier than expected, even though it has its weak points, too. However, material ageing turned out to be the biggest challenge (after all, the kit is almost 40 years old!), but all problems could be overcome and the resulting model looks decent – and it has this certain Eighties flavor! :D
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An important thing to remember is that even though pixel sizes keep getting smaller and smaller, the technology is advancing, so the smaller pixels are more efficient at collecting light. For instance, the Sony A7rII is back-illuminated which allows more photons to hit the sensor. Semiconductor technology is always advancing, so the brilliant engineers are always improving the signal/noise ratio. Far higher pixel counts, as well as better dynamic ranger, are thus not only possible, but the future!
Yes I have a Ph.D. in physics! I worked on phototranistors and photodiodes as well as an artificial retina for the blind. :)
You can read more about my own physics theory (dx4/dt=ic) here: herosodysseyphysics.wordpress.com/
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And all the best on Your Epic Hero's Odyssey!
The new Lightroom rocks!
Beautiful magnificent clouds!
View your artistic mission into photography as an epic odyssey of heroic poetry! Take it from Homer in Homer's Odyssey: "Tell me, O muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whose manners and customs he was acquainted; moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not save his men, for they perished through their own sheer folly in eating the cattle of the Sun-god Hyperion; so the god prevented them from ever reaching home. Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter of Jove, from whatsoever source you may know them. " --Samuel Butler Translation of Homer's Odyssey
All the best on your Epic Hero's Odyssey from Johnny Ranger McCoy!
Efficient transport of newly built HYs. Publicity photo that also demonstrates the load-bearing capacity.
The very basic HY van was designed by André Lefèbvre (France, 1894-1964), Flaminio Bertoni (Italy, 1903-1964) and Pierre Franchiset, and introduced at the October 1947 Paris Car Salon. Throughout its entire life the design stayed almost the same. Still we can recognize some changes.
Some characteristics of the early Phase I model: split windscreen (replaced in early 1964), big sized chevrons on the bonnet (changed to shorter ones in late 1964), narrow vertical rear window with curved corners (changed to a wider square one in Febr. 1963), and semi-circular rear wings (replaced by rectangular ones in Nov. 1969).
Later models were called HY.
French HY vans kept suicide doors till the very end of production. For the Dutch market conventional front hinged doors were introduced in 1968.
Lots of vans have survived as camper or as food truck.
1911 cc (taken from TA) or 1628 cc L4 petrol engine.
C. 1450 kg.
Production Citroën H/HY Fourgon: June 1948-Dec. 1981.
Production HY Fourgon this version: 1964-Nov. 1969.
Image source:
Ron Herlaar - Citroën 80 jaar toekomst, Haakman, Naarden, 2000.
Original photographer, place and and date unknown.
(Photo was not taken by me).
Halfweg, March 6, 2024.
© 2024 Sander Toonen Halfweg | All Rights Reserved
This "Russian Stove" fireplace is the centerpiece of this energy efficient ('off the grid') Southern Vermont home.
Designed by my uncle, this stove can heat most of the house, burning only a couple 3 to 4 inch split logs twice a day.
Key features of the design are an airtight combustion chamber (which draws air directly from the outside), and the huge mass of stone, which stores and slowly releases the heat from the morning and evening 'burn'.
The photo also demonstrates an alternative use of the stove as an indoor climbing wall :-)
Note: For more information about energy efficient living you can write Paul at myerspe@starband.net.
The most interesting photo tagged "Solar Power" on Flickr (29-Nov-2006)
Additional Notes (3-Dec-2006)
Electricity generation
2 turbine windmills
2 kinds of solar panels (rigid and amorphous/strips)
Heating/Water
Russian stove (closed chamber wood stove, thermal mass heating system)
solar water heating panels
gas powered radiant heating in the floor.
Low Energy Lighting & Appliances
Because of careful selection of lighting and appliances, the house is able to run within its energy budget almost all of the time.
After 2 years of running completely off-grid (with backup gasoline generator), installed electrical hookup, mostly used to feed excess capacity back into the grid.
More Notes:
There are 2 ways to decrease home energy use.
1. Reduce power consumption.
2. Install a renewable energy system
The first can be as simple as replacing high usage incandescent bulbs with new compact flourescent bulbs and lighting fixtures. Around here, you can buy these products at a discount thru programs sponsored by the electric company (NStar).
Another good idea is replacing old appliances with newer energy efficient models.
There is a lot of information about energy saving here :
www1.eere.energy.gov/consumer/tips/
If you are interested in solar energy or other sustainable energy generation technologies, I suggest taking a look at www.homepower.com/ a magazine dedicated to "home-scale renewable energy and sustainable living".
This site has an overview article on Renewable Energy which is relatively short and clear. www.homepower.com/files/featured/HP116_pp46-50_Casale.pdf
File: DSC_5923_ACR
AUMSVILLE, Ore. – Father-son farmers Steve and Daniel Keudell are seeing tremendous energy and water savings on their 1,600-acre vegetable farm, thanks to energy-efficient linear irrigation systems installed with financial assistance from USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). NRCS is helping farmers in Marion County convert to low-pressure, efficient irrigation systems, as part of a strategic groundwater conservation initiative in the Stayton-Sublimity Restricted Groundwater Priority Area. The new linear irrigation systems are up to 30 percent more efficient than other systems typically used in the area (such as big guns), and they save significant water and energy. Over time, these water savings reduce the strain on the groundwater priority area and allow the aquifer to stabilize. NRCS photo by Tracy Robillard, June 2015.
Moving efficiently around orbital spaceports and also on low gravity moons, these spacecraft were a practical and popular product from Llwyngwril Space Systems. Large engines and a big magno-clamp load bed enabled a wide variety of loads to be quickly and easily shifted around loading bays and warehouses. The large area under the load bed was given over to fuel tanks, meaning that the ship only had be re-fuelled when its pilots changed shift.
With centuries of hard use, these workhorses gradually became increasingly unreliable. Obsolescence also meant that spare parts became hard to find. The crews of the ships generally replaced one of the consonants in the ships' name, due to poor rates of availability and safety.
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Inspired by this and built months ago but I've got a Lego photography backlog.
conceptships.blogspot.co.uk/2017/06/lifter-from-alien-cov...
Now THIS is how you park in the city. (All of these were parked manually and not edited into place.)
Photo by DriverKid Baxter.
City of Harrison, Pre-Opening, 2016.
Golden Ratio Ancient Bristlecone Pines Rainbow! Sony A7RII Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape Photography! The golden rectangle, spiral, triangle and divine proportion in fine art photography composition!
Golden Ratio Ancient Bristlecone Pines! These ~4,000 year old trees began growing over a thousand years before the Pythagoreans (550 BC) celebrated the golden ratio and even longer before Plato noted it (400 BC) and Euclid (300 BC) defined it! They began growing within a few hundred years of the Great Pyramid of Giza being built circa 2560 BC in accordance with the golden ratio PHI, while yet other Bristlecone Pines close by germinated well before it! :) Do you ever use the golden ratio in your compositions? The Bristlecone pine did, as the spirals in its pinecones are proportional to the Fibonacci numbers whose consecutive ratios approach the golden ratio PHI as the sequence augments. Long story short, the golden angle PHI provides the most efficient manner in which to distribute new cells during growth.
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LEGAL NOTICE | protected work • All Rights reserved! © B. Egger photographer retains ownership and all copyrights in this work.
photographer | Bernard Egger.. • collections • sets
event | 2008 ENNSTAL-CLASSIC • Styria 💚 Austria
© Dieses Foto darf ohne vorherige Lizenzvereinbarung keinesfalls publiziert oder an nicht berechtigte Nutzer weiter gegeben werden.
Todos los Derechos Reservados • Tous droits réservés • Todos os Direitos Reservados • Все права защищены • Tutti i diritti riservati
licence | for any user agreement please contact Bernard Egger.
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rumoto images, 2008 Ennstal-Classic, 写真家, カメラマン, 摄影师, Bernard Egger, photography, Ferrari 500 F2, Ferrari Ascari, 2008 GP Gröbming, Ennstal-Classic, italian cars, Scuderia Ferrari, Ferrariregister, Ferrari, Моторспорт фотография, Motorsport, Моторспорт, машина, авто, Oldtimer, Automobile, 車, motoring, european cars, classica, classic cars, vintage cars, historic cars, motorracing, historique, sports cars, Sportwagen, classic sports cars, Passione, Mythos, legends, Leggenda, awesome, stunning, s/w, monochrome, bw, mono, volant, dashboard, cockpit,
📷 | 1952 Ferrari 500 F2 original Ascari :: rumoto images # 4615 bw
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If a photographer can’t feel what he is looking at, then he is never going to get others to feel anything when they look at his pictures.
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Original Ascari-Ferrari 500 F2:
Bei diesem Rennwagen handelt es sich um ein echtes Juwel: nämlich um den original Ascari-Ferrari.
1952 und 1953 wurde die Formel 1 WM für Formel 2-Rennwagen ausgeschrieben. Ferrari hatte mit dem Typ 500 einen 2-Liter Vierzylinder-Rennwagen, der 1952 mit 165 PS und 1953 mit 180 PS Alberto Ascari zu zwei WM-Titel mobilisierte.
Ferrari holte sich in diesen zwei Jahren alle WM-Läufe bis auf den Grand Prix von Italien 1953, den Fangio auf Maserati gewann.
Trockengewicht: 560 kg, Höchstdrehzahl 7.200 U/min.
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about original Ascari car Ferrari 500 F2:
The Ferrari F2 was raced for a couple of seasons where it was pitted against competition such as the British HWM, Maserati, Gordinis, and Connaughts. During those grueling seasons, the Ferrari 500 F2 proved its potential by being raced on many weekends throughout the years and emerging victorious in many of the races. The Lampredi powered car carried Alberto Ascari to two world titles and brought fame to the name, Ferrari. The car was not just limited to the factory; many privateers purchased examples and expanded the fame of the 500.
Ingegnere Lampredi was of the strong opinion that the 2-liter car did not need to be powered by a twelve-cylinder unit, but rather a smaller and lighter unit could provide many benefits. He convinced Enzo that a four-cylinder unit would be more competitive and fuel efficient. It would become one of the few Ferrari cars to be powered by a four-cylinder unit. The four-cylinder engine would be used in Ferrari sports cars and single seat racers during the 1950s. The engine was mounted in the front of the 4500 F1 derived chassis and sent power to the rear wheels. A fuel tank sat behind the driver. A small windscreen protected the driver from the elements. The front suspension was fully independent while the rear was a de Dion layout.
In 1952 'organ-pipes' were added to the vehicle. Running along the middle sides of the vehicle was an exhaust pipe which could burn the drivers elbows if not careful. A heat shield was installed right where the elbows might have hit to help ease the potential for a burn.
At the Modena Grand Prix, held in September of 1951, two factory cars had been created and were entered into the race in the Formula Junior class. It was not immediately entered into the F2 class because the competition was pretty stiff at the time and Enzo wanted to win. Ascari drove the car to a victory after averaging nearly 120 km/h.
Ferrari's big break came at the end of the 1951 season. Alfa Romeo announced their retirement from racing and as a result, the sport of Formula 1 went into a bit of a decline. For the 1952 and 1953 season, the World Championship was run under the two-liter Formula 2 regulations which was meant to keep the sport competitive. Ferrari and their 375 had been poised to dominate the season but these regulations meant a new engine was required. The Lampredi four-cylinder unit was modified with four Weber DOE 45 single-barrel carburetors, modified camshaft, and a new fuel system. The bodywork was simplified and the brakes were enlarged.
The debut of the new racer was at Siracusa, a non-championship race, where the 500 F2 easily won the race. The following two races, at Pau and Marseilles, were also non-championship races which the car emerged victorious. During the 1952 season, Ascari drove the 500 to six of the seven Grand Prix victories. The seventh Grand Prix victory was won by Taruffi, Ascari's teammate. The team consisted of three works cars driven by Ascari, Taruffi, and Farina.
Throughout the seasons, the cars were given slight modifications. Ascari's car had two slots in the tail to provide additional cooling to the oil tank and transmission. Some of the cars were given deflector tabs over the front wheels. The works cars had a slightly more tapered nose and were void of the mesh radiator grille.
The cars first defeat came at Reims at the hands of Jean Behra while driving a six-cylinder Gordinin. Ascari and Villoresi had retired prematurely from the race due to their vehicles magnetos overheating. The cars magneto arrangement was reconfigured and ready for the next Grand Prix race. The new configuration proved successful and the cars finished in the top three positions. This trend would continue for many of the following Grand Prix races. The team was victorious at the German Grand Prix at Nurburgring, and the Dutch Grand Prix at Zandvoort. Ascari went on to be crowned the French National Championship and later, the World Championship.
For two seasons, 1952 and 1953, the 500 F2 dominated. In 1954 the World Championship was again run under F1 regulations with 2.5-liter formula rules. Ferrari responded by increasing the displacement size of their four-cylinder engines to accommodate the new rules, but they were unable to keep pace with the six-cylinder Maserati's and eight-cylinder Mercedes-Benz racers.
In total, six Ferrari 500 F2 racers were constructed.
[Quelle: Ennstal-Classic]
Just think how much healthier we would be and how much money we would save on gas if all roads were like this one.
Created for 4th MMM Challenge
Source image with thanks to Shadowgate