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Canadian Goose.
Two sizes of Canadian Geese exist. A small 22 to 26 inch and a large 35-45 inch version. They have a brownish body with a black head, long blackneck and which cheeck patch. The smaller version has a shorter neck and lacks the cheeck patch.
They inhabit lakes, bays, rivers and marshes. They often feed in open grasslands and stubble fields.
They range from Alaska east to Canada's Baffin Island and south to California in the west and Illinois and Massachusettes in the east. In winter they range from northern Mexico and the Gulf Coast. They are widespsread as a semi-domesticated bird and can be found in city parks and on reservoirs.
Crosswinds Marsh, Wayne County, Michigan.
“The great art of life is the sensation, to feel that we exist, even in pain.” - Lord Byron
Note:
Claudiney is one among 15.000 lost children still roaming the streets of São Paulo.
It is in deepest regret and sadness that I inform you of Roney's cold-blooded murder on the early morning hours of January 15th. May he find peace wherever his journey has taken him.......
IMPORTANT NOTE:
On June 27th. we also lost our beloved Claudiney.
There exist on Earth, places, where the rains fall almost incessantly. Sohra is what the locals call the area while Cherrapunjee is what the rest of the world refers it to. The average rainfall in the area approximates to 11700mm = 462 inches.
We are in the Indian state of Meghalaya, a unique biosphere if there be one abounding in water and plants.
Mawsmai is a small indistinct place in Sohra but has an interesting caveful of stalactites and stalagmites.
Fairly pleasing and natural enough with no guides to rattle your patience. It is well lit inside and you can manage on your own. At places it can be acrobatically and awfully narrow. You have to hum a constant refrain "Mind the Head" "Mind the Head" followed by a chorus of Duck Duck, Duck"
Taking photographs is a challenging task what with the moisture and low light conditions and huge differences in exposure in the lit up areas vs the dark ones. Managed to get a few shots just right without too much of noise and motion blur.
The scenario is more like being trapped in a Roswellian cave setting with the aliens in our heart and mind looking out to the world beyond.
_DSC2454 nef
I exist as I am, that is enough,
If no other in the world be aware I sit content,
And if each and all be aware I sit content.
Walt Whitman
Estátua de Nossa Senhora Aparecida em Niterói - Rio de Janeiro.
No Morro da Viração do Parque da Cidade existe um projeto de construção de uma estátua gigante de Nossa Senhora de Aparecida em ferro e concreto virado para Cristo Redentor.
A estátua também teria capela e teleférico para levar ao alto do morro sem excluir a opção da subida de carro pela estrada do Parque da Cidade.
A escultura teria 25 metros de altura e ao ficar no Morro da Viração, na direção do Cristo Redentor estaria a mais de 300 metros do solo e poderia também ser vista do Rio de Janeiro.
♪ ≡ ♫ = ♪ = ♫ ≡ ♪ = ♫
[♪] Música do Dia – Nirvana - Smells Like Teen Spirit
O Parque da cidade tem um do mais belos mirantes para o Rio de Janeiro.
Deste belo lugar podemos ver muitos dos famosos pontos turísticos do Rio, morros e montanhas como o Cristo Redentos no Corcovado, o Pão de Açúcar, Pedra da Gávea, Pedra Bonita, Morros dois Irmãos, Pico da Tijuca, Morro da Babilônia, Mendanha , etc.
O Rio de Janeiro é a vitrine do Brasil e tem muitos atrativos: Réveillon em Copacabana, Carnaval, praia de Ipanema, Jardim Botânico, Maracanã, Feira de São Cristóvão, Corcovado, Pão de Açúcar, Mirante do Leblon, muitas praias e museus. Mas ... Niterói tem seu valor e um dos cenários mais bonitos do Rio de Janeiro.
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Heads: LeLUTKA
Outfits: Gawk & Osmia
The Rock River and Beloit Riverfest 7-14-2007. HDR edit from my archives with Lightroom Classic. LRC was something I didn't have in 2007, not sure it even existed then.
The green monkeys found in Barbados originally came from Senegal and the Gambia in West Africa approximately 350 years ago. About 75 generations have occurred since these monkeys arrived in Barbados and, as a result of environmental differences and evolution, the Barbados monkeys today have different characteristics than those in West Africa.
The monkeys are found mainly in the parishes of St.John, St.Joseph, St.Andrew and St.Thomas, where much natural vegetation and woodlands still exist. However, monkeys can also be seen traveling through hotel grounds in St.Peter and St.James.
“things only exist if they are told/narrated”
(attributed to Alessandro Baricco);
“le cose esistono solo se vengono raccontate”
(attribuita ad Alessandro Baricco).
POSTER - LOCANDINA –
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click to activate the small icon of slideshow: the small triangle inscribed in the small rectangle, at the top right, in the photostream (it means the monitor);
or…. Press the “L” button to zoom in the image;
clicca sulla piccola icona per attivare lo slideshow: sulla facciata principale del photostream, in alto a destra c'è un piccolo rettangolo (rappresenta il monitor) con dentro un piccolo triangolo nero;
oppure…. premi il tasto “L” per ingrandire l'immagine;
www.worldphoto.org/sony-world-photography-awards/winners-...
www.fotografidigitali.it/gallery/2726/opere-italiane-segn...
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This "photographic story" ideally follows the previous one, for two reasons, first because in this case too, as in the previous story we talk about "angels", they are the "Golden Angels" of San Pier Niceto (in the province of Messina), and second, because this singular and beautiful religious festival, with its procession, also takes place during the Easter period, specifically during "Holy Tuesday". The photographs that I post (not a few, I wish in this way to pay homage to the inhabitants of San Pier Niceto, who can find themselves in these photos, especially for those fathers, mothers, grandfathers, grandmothers, aunts and uncles, in seeing their beloved and very sweet "angels - angiolette"); if you look closely at some of the photographed subjects, you will notice a "temporal disconnect", in fact in some cases, the same girls are present, with two different ages, they will be dressed differently, this is because the photos were taken during Holy Tuesday of 2024 and that of 2025. The temporal sequence of the photographs does not take into account either the year in which they were taken, nor the moments attributable to the phases of the ceremony and subsequent procession.
In San Pier Niceto, on the Peloritani Mountains in Sicily, during the Holy Tuesday takes place the SS. Crucifix procession, whose roots are ancient. The Church of St. James houses and cares for the precious Crucifix, Which is brought to the procession by the streets of the country preceded by very young children, of both sexes, who imitate little Angels, Angels and Grieving young Nuns, dressed in elaborate dresses covered with many gold jewelery, sewn by handy hands that with pins, necklaces , Bracelets and many other gold jewelry applied to their little clothes, they make real works of art whose designs are reminiscent of Easter symbols. Gold for dressing is collected home from home by people who have to melt a "vote", gold that will be returned at the end of the procession. Everything begins during Lent when parents decide to dress their baby by little Angels, Angels or Grieving Nuns .The Little Angels are usually 3 or 4 year olds, the Angels are a little bigger, the Nuns are little young girls. Thus the preparations for the elaboration of the elaborate clothes begin: Parents during Lent are knocking at every door of the country, among friends and relatives, to borrow bracelets, brooches, necklaces and all the gold necessary for the composition of embroidery . The Little Angel's dress is white, short down to the knee, made up of a gold-plated bodice and a skirt with some golden embroidery; Arms are adorned by bracelets, the head is adorned by a collier, small wings (white dove feathers) sprout from behind. The Angels have a white tunic, on which sacred icons are embroidered in gold, the head is covered by a collier, wings lie on their shoulders. The Nun's dress is black, on which are stitched the crowns of the S.S. Rosary, on the head is placed a white veil, held by a rose crown. At 16:30 on Holy Tuesday, a tapping of bells together with the band's fanfare in the village, set off at the "Crucifixion Procession" of San Pier Niceto: at the foot of the Crucifix there are red roses, behind it are located branches of cypress (at the end of the event the faithful will carry with them a piece of cypress as a relic), finally the red ribbons are tied to the arms of the Crucifix, they will mark the procession of the procession until the arrival at the Mother Church, a century church to St. Peter the Apostle, where the celebration of the Holy Mass will take place (the reverse path will bring the SS Crucifix to the Church of St. James): in perfect order the faithful in religious silence, with votive candles in their hands, walk the streets of the country never crossing the red ribbons as they delimit the path of the Golden Little Angels, Angels and the Grieving young Nuns .
Questo "racconto fotografico" segue idealmente il precedente, per due motivi, innanzitutto perchè anche in questo caso, come nel racconto precedente si parla di "angeli", sono "gli Angioletti d'oro" di San Pier Niceto (in provincia di Messina), e secondo, perchè questa singolare e bella festa religiosa, con la sua processione, si svolge anch'essa durante il periodo pasquale, nello specifico durante il "Martedì Santo". Le fotografie che posto (non poche, desidero in tal modo omaggiare gli abitanti di San Pier Niceto, che possano ritrovarsi in queste foto, soprattutto per quei papà, mamme, nonni, nonne, zie e zii, nel rivedere i loro adorati e dolcissimi "angioletti - angiolette"); a ben guardare in alcuni dei soggetti fotografati, si noterà uno "scollamento temportale", infatti in qualche caso, sono presenti le stessi bimbe, con due età diverse, saranno vestite diversamente, questo perchè le foto sono state realizzate durante il Martedì Santo del 2024 e quello del 2025. La sequenza temporale delle fotografie non tiene conto nè dell'anno nel quale sono state realizzate, nè dei momenti ascrivibili alle fasi della cerimonia e successiva processione.
A San Pier Niceto, sui monti Peloritani in Sicilia, durante il Martedì Santo prende vita la processione per le vie del paese del SS. Crocifisso, le cui radici sono antichissime. La Chiesa di San Giacomo ospita e custodisce il pregevole Crocifisso, che viene portato in processione per le vie del paese preceduto da bambini anche molto piccoli, di entrambi i sessi, che impersonano Angioletti ed Addoloratine vestiti con elaboratissimi abiti ricoperti con tantissimi monili d’oro, cuciti dalle mani abili di sarte che con spille, collane, bracciali e tanti altri monili in oro applicati sui loro piccoli vestiti, realizzano vere opere d’arte i cui disegni ricordano simboli pasquali. L’oro per la realizzazione dei vestitini viene raccolto di casa in casa da persone che hanno da sciogliere un “voto”, oro che verrà restituito alla fine della processione. Tutto ha inizio durante la Quaresima, quando dei genitori decidono per “voto” di vestire il proprio bambino da Angioletto, Angiolone o Monachella.
Gli Angioletti sono solitamente bimbi di 3 o 4 anni, gli Angioloni sono un po’ più grandi, le Monachelle sono delle bambine. Così iniziano i preparativi per la realizzazione degli elaboratissimi vestiti: i genitori durante la Quaresima bussano ad ogni porta del paese, tra la cerchia di amici e parenti, per prendere in prestito bracciali, spille, collane e tutto l’oro necessario alla composizione dei ricami. Il vestito degli Angioletti è bianco, corto fino al ginocchio, composto da un corpetto ricoperto d’oro ed una gonna segnata da alcuni ricami d’oro; le braccia sono adornate da bracciali, la testa è adornata da un collier, da dietro le spalle spuntano delle piccole ali (piume di colomba bianca). Gli Angioloni hanno una tunica bianca sulla quale vengono ricamate delle icone sacre in oro, la testa è cinta da un collier, sulle spalle trovano posto delle ali. Il vestito delle Monachelle invece è nero, sul quale vengono cucite delle coroncine del S.S. Rosario, sul capo viene posto un velo bianco, trattenuto da una corona di rose. Alle 16:30 del Martedì Santo un rintocco di campane insieme alla fanfare della banda del paese, danno il via alla “Processione del Crocifisso” di San Pier Niceto: ai piedi della Croce vi sono delle rose rosse, dietro di essa trovano posto dei rami di cipresso (alla fine dell’evento i fedeli porteranno con se un pezzetto di rametto come reliquia), infine dei nastri rossi vengono legati alle braccia del Crocifisso, essi segneranno il percorso della processione, fino all’arrivo al Duomo, una chiesa cinquecentesca dedicata a San Pietro apostolo, ove si terrà la celebrazione della Santa Messa ( il percorso inverso riporterà il S.S. Crocifisso nella Chiesa di San Giacomo): in perfetto ordine i fedeli in religioso silenzio, con ceri votivi in mano, percorrono le vie del paese, non oltrepassando i nastri rossi poiché essi delimitano il percorso degli Angioletti d’oro e delle Addoloratine.
El casco histórico de la ciudad de Alcalá de Henares y su universidad, fueron declarados Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco en 1998, en reconocimiento a su condición de primera ciudad universitaria planificada como tal que ha existido en el mundo
Los orígenes de la ciudad de Alcalá se remontan al nacimiento de la Complutum romana, ciudad que en sus más de cuatro siglos de existencia alcanzaría gran esplendor y una importancia que mantendría a lo largo de todo el periodo visigótico. Al período de dominación musulmana le debe Alcalá la construcción de una ciudad que con el tiempo será conocida como Al-Qalat-Nahar (El castillo del Henares) y de la que hereda su actual denominación.
Con la Reconquista Cristiana se produce la nueva reconstrucción en lo que supuso desde entonces su emplazamiento definitivo, en torno a lo que es hoy la Catedral Magistral. Sin embargo, hay que esperar a finales del XV para asistir al gran período de esplendor de la ciudad: en 1499 el Cardenal Cisneros funda la Universidad, produciéndose a partir de ese momento una renovación urbanística que convierte a Alcalá en una ciudad universitaria, siguiendo los cánones arquitectónicos clásicos.
Durante los siglos XVIII y XIX la ciudad inicia un periodo de decadencia. El traslado de la Universidad a Madrid en 1836 unido a las sucesivas desamortizaciones provocaron el cierre de varios conventos y el empobrecimiento del ya degradado ambiente cultural alcalaíno.
Hoy, tras la reinauguración de la Universidad en 1977, el desarrollo industrial de las últimas décadas y el reconocimiento como Ciudad Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco, Alcalá vive un período de expansión económica, turística y cultural desde el que se asoma al futuro con optimismo manteniendo estrechos lazos con su singular pasado.
Roma: Complutum
La conquista romana de la Carpetania parece que se inició con una campaña dirigida por M. Porcio Catón en el año 195 a. J.C. Posteriormente, los carpetanos, en alianza con vetones, vacceos y celtíberos, se constituyeron en una amenaza para Roma que ésta solucionó en el 192 a. C. por medio de Marco Fulvio. Las luchas terminaron, con la caída de Numancia, el año 133 a. C. en el que se inicia la pacificación, asentamiento y romanización de la zona.
No se tiene conocimiento de la fecha exacta en que los romanos ocuparon la ciudadela de San Juan de Viso y el castro del "Salto del Cura", pero las monedas del denominado "tesorillo de Zulema", parecen sugerir que antes de la mencionada caída de Numancia.
No obstante, en el año 80 a. J.C., durante las guerras entre Sertorio y Pompeyo, ya se menciona a Complutum, que en época de Augusto adquiriría gran importancia por su valor militar y como nudo de comunicaciones (entre vías primarias y secundarias se dice, en el "Itinerario de Augusto", que eran 23 las calzadas que permitían llegar a la ciudad).
La romanización empezaría en la población preexistente del cerro del Viso, cuyas fortificaciones se reforzarían a la vez que se tendía la red de calzadas. Posteriormente, con la paz de Trajano y de los Antoninos (siglo II), la población comenzará a descender al pie del cerro en busca de una zona con menos declive, más fértil y mejor comunicada.
Mosaico romano de las Cuatro Estaciones de la Casa de Baco en Complutum. En sentido antihorario desde arriba a la derecha: primavera, verano, otoño e invierno. El área que acabaría ocupando la urbe sería; desde la ladera del cerro del Viso hasta la actual nacional II (en la dirección norte-sur), y desde el Arroyo Torote hasta las puertas de Madrid y Santa Ana (en dirección este-oeste). Ello no excluye la existencia de edificaciones alejadas del casco urbano, como la villa que se descubrió en 1970 a la altura de la ermita de Nuestra Señora del Val. Complutum tenía el trazado típico de la ciudad romana, que arranca del campamento militar con dos calles principales que se cruzan; cardo y decumano.
La denominación de "Complutum" parece venir del verbo latino "compluere" que significa confluir o del término "compluo" (confluencia de aguas). El nombre sería bastante apropiado puesto que la población primitiva se encontraría en la "confluencia" de los ríos Henares y tenía la ciudad carácter de «civitas stipendiaria», es decir, que mediante el pago de un tributo o estipendio anual a la metrópoli conservaba el derecho a su autonomía y sus propios usos mientras no alterasen el orden establecido.
Durante la época visigoda la ciudad conservó su importancia, llegando a ser sede de obispado. En la Hispania visigoda fue sede episcopal de la iglesia católica, sufragánea de la Archidiócesis de Toledo que comprendía la antigua provincia romana de Cartaginense en la diócesis de Hispania.
Dominio Musulmán: Al Qalat La dominación islámica de la Península Ibérica arrinconó en las zonas más septentrionales de la Península a los pocos cristianos que conservaban su independencia. Los musulmanes, nuevos señores de casi la totalidad de la geografía hispana, requerían de un puesto fortificado en la ruta de Zaragoza a Toledo, que junto con las ciudades cercanas de mayor valor estratégico como Guadalajara o Talamanca, sirviera de apoyo a las razias que periódicamente se dirigían contra los reinos cristianos del norte. Estas fortificaciones tenían la función de impedir el descenso de las tropas enemigas hacia el curso medio del Tajo. Constituían, pues, las dos referidas ciudades y la fortaleza de Al-Qul’aya, levantada a orillas del Henares aguas arriba de la antigua Complutum, los tres puntos estratégicos que vigilaban y defendían el territorio frente al acceso de las huestes cristianas, que intentaban descender al valle del Jarama desde los altos de Somosierra, o llegar hasta el valle del Henares desde Atienza y las zonas orientales de Castilla, y desde Zaragoza
A principios del siglo X, el nuevo emplazamiento árabe de Alcalá no debía de ser más que una atalaya fortificada de reducidas dimensiones, a juzgar por terminología con que se la nombra en la primera noticia conocida que tenemos de Alcalá la Vieja. Según el Bayan-al Mugrib, en el año 920, reinando en Córdoba Abd-al-Rahman III, el gobernador de Guadalajara derrotó a una gran expedición de cristianos leoneses que había atravesado los puertos del Sistema Central con la intención de atacar Guadalajara. El emplazamiento que asediaron, cercano a Guadalajara, aparece reseñado como al-Qul’aya, que se puede traducir como “el castillejo”. Lévi-Provençal lo identificó como la pequeña fortaleza que precedió a la que dio nombre a la ciudad actual.
Parece ser que en el transcurso del siglo X esa pequeña atalaya aumentó sus fortificaciones, acompañándose este incremento defensivo del crecimiento de su población y de una mayor importancia urbana, sobre todo, si atendemos a su nueva denominación de Qal’at Abd-al-Salam, que puede traducirse como Castillo de Abd-al-Salam e incluso según algunos autores como Castillo del Príncipe de la Paz. Esta denominación aparece en las crónicas islámicas, al relatar la crisis del Califato cordobés en los primeros años del siglo XI.
Sería en el verano del año 1062 cuando Fernando I, al frente de un numeroso ejército, puso cerco a la ciudad musulmana, combatiéndola con ingenios para abrir brecha en sus muros, lo que obligó al rey Al-Ma’mun de Toledo a hacerse tributario suyo y rendirle parias para que levantase el asedio, a cambio de la entrega de grandes riquezas. Sin embargo, a pesar de la histórica conquista de Toledo por Alfonso VI en 1085 y de su dominio de la comarca inmediata, la fortaleza de Alcalá la Vieja continuaría bajo el dominio musulmán hasta que en 1118 el arzobispo de Toledo, Don Bernardo, llevó sus ejércitos al importante enclave de Alcalá, en donde consiguió rendir la plaza.
Edad Media: El Burgo de Santiuste El 3 de mayo de 1118 el arzobispo toledano Bernardo de Sedirac conquistó la plaza musulmana de Alkal'a Nahar o Alcalá la Vieja para Castilla pero este reino cedió Alcalá y su Tierra al Arzobispado de Toledo, pasando a ser la comunidad de Alcalá un señorío eclesiástico. Pronto, la ciudad gozaría de privilegios y Feria (data de 1184). El Burgo de Santiuste, Alcalá de Santiuste, Alcalá de San Justo o Alcalá de Fenares (nombre del s. XIV) sería un emergente centro de transacciones y mercado comarcal, lo cual haría incrementar la población considerablemente. No obstante, la aljama o judería y la morería alcalaína serían de las más notables de Castilla (la aljama complutense está considerada de tamaño medio. Algunos estudios la cifran en 5.000 judíos). Durante la Edad Media, Alcalá fue habitada pacíficamente por judíos, musulmanes y cristianos. En el siglo XII se suprimiría el obispado complutense en favor de la sede primada de Toledo.
El día 19 de diciembre de 1308 fue rubricado en la ciudad el tratado de Alcalá de Henares, suscrito por el rey Fernando IV de Castilla y por los embajadores del rey Jaime II de Aragón.
En 1345 y en 1348 tendrán lugar en la ciudad las Cortes de Castilla (léase también Cortes de Alcalá y Ordenamiento de Alcalá).
La ciudad y su alfoz de 25 villas fueron dotadas de dos fueros: el Viejo y el Nuevo (por Cisneros). A lo largo de los siglos, las aldeas del alfoz irían obteniendo la independencia como villas con ayuntamiento propio hasta que en el siglo XX el término municipal alcalaíno sólo tuviera a la ciudad como núcleo urbano.
Es conocida por su histórica universidad, la Universidad de Alcalá, que fue fundada por el Cardenal Cisneros. El 13 de abril de 1499 data la bula del papa Borgia Alejandro VI que autorizaba la creación del Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso que fue la cabeza de la universidad. En 1508 se abrieron sus aulas y entre los colaboradores de Cisneros se encontraban importantes personalidades como la de Antonio de Nebrija. No obstante, el germen de la universidad alcalaína lo encontramos en el año 1293 con la creación de los Estudios Generales. Pronto la Universidad de Alcalá compitió con la de Salamanca y por sus aulas pasaron importantes personalidades,
La primera mujer a la que excepcionalmente se le consintió estudiar y alcanzar el grado de doctor en Artes y Letras fue María Isidra de Guzmán y de la Cerda (1785)
Carlos II concedió a la población el título de ciudad en 1678. A partir del siglo XVIII la ciudad perdió importancia a pesar de la construcción de nuevos monumentos como la Puerta de Madrid. A comienzos de ese siglo, Alcalá fue ocupada por los portugueses durante la Guerra de Sucesión.
Es universalmente famosa Alcalá por haber sido la localidad natal de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, novelista, poeta y dramaturgo que escribió la que está considerada la obra cumbre narrativa de la literatura española, El Quijote, que muchos críticos han descrito como la primera novela moderna y una las obras más leídas, traducidas y difundidas de la historia.
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The historic old town of Alcala de Henares and the University, were declared World Heritage by UNESCO in 1998 in recognition of his status as first planned university city that has existed in the world
The origins of the city of Alcalá back to the birth of Complutum Roman city in more than four centuries of existence had great splendor and importance, which would maintain throughout the Visigothic period. The period of Muslim rule owes Alcalá building a city that will eventually be known as Qalat Al-Nahar (The castle Henares) and which inherited its current name.
With the Christian reconquest the new reconstruction occur in what was from then its final position, around what is now the cathedral canon. However, we have to wait at the end of XV to attend the great period of splendor of the city in 1499 by Cardinal Cisneros founded the University, resulting from the time an urban renewal that makes Alcalá in a college town, following the classical architectural fees.
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the city began a period of decline. Moving to Madrid University in 1836 joined the successive confiscations led to the closure of several monasteries and the impoverishment of already degraded cultural environment Alcala.
Today, after the reopening of the University in 1977, the industrial development of recent decades and the recognition as a World Heritage Site by Unesco, Alcalá is experiencing a period of economic expansion, tourism and culture from which peers into the future optimism maintaining close ties with its unique past.
Rome: Complutum
The Roman conquest of Carpetania seems that began with a campaign led by M. Cato in the year 195 a. J.C. Subsequently, the Carpetani, in partnership with vetones, vacceos and Celts, constituted a threat to Rome than it solved in 192 a. C. by Marco Fulvio. The fighting ended with the fall of Numancia, the year 133 BC C. in initiating the peace, settlement and Romanization of the area.
Nothing is known of the exact date when the Romans occupied the citadel of San Juan de Viso and castro "Salto del Cura", but the coins of the so called "little treasure of Zulema, seem to suggest that before such fall Numancia.
However, in 80 a. JC, during the wars between Sertorius and Pompey Complutum already mentioned, that in times of Augusto acquire great importance for its military value as a hub of communications (including primary and secondary roads, speaking on the "Route of Augustus" that there were 23 roads that allowed to reach the city).
Romanization begin in the pre-existing population of Mount Viso, whose fortifications were strengthened while he lay the network of roads. Later, with the peace of Trajan and the Antonines (second century), the population will start to fall at the foot of the hill in search of an area with less decline, more fertile and better communicated.
Roman mosaic of the Four Seasons of the House of Bacchus in Complutum. Counterclockwise from top right: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The area would end up occupying the city, from the slope of the hill to the current national Viso II (in the north-south) and from the Arroyo Torote to the gates of Madrid and Santa Ana (east-west) . This does not exclude the existence of buildings away from the village, as the villa was discovered in 1970 at the height of the shrine of Nuestra Señora del Val. Complutum had the typical layout of the Roman city, military camp, which starts with two main streets intersect; thistle and decumano.
The name "Complutum" seems to come from the Latin verb "compluere" meaning confluence or the term "Complutense" (confluence of waters). The name would be quite appropriate since the original population would be at the "confluence" of the river Henares and had the city's character "stipendiaria civitas', ie by paying a tax or annual allowance to the mother retained the right to autonomy and their own applications while not altering the status quo.
During the Visigothic period the city retained its importance, becoming home to the bishopric. In Visigothic bishopric was the Catholic Church, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Toledo who understood the ancient Roman province of Carthage in the diocese of Hispania.
Domain Muslim: Al Qalat Islamic domination of the Iberian Peninsula cornered in the northernmost parts of the Peninsula a few Christians who maintained their independence. Muslims, new masters of almost all Spanish geography, required for a fortified post on the route from Zaragoza to Toledo, which together with the nearby cities of greater strategic value as Guadalajara or Talamanca, serve to support the raids periodically were directed against the Christian kingdoms in the north. These fortifications were the function of preventing the descent of the enemy troops into the middle of the Tagus. They were, therefore, the two aforementioned cities and the strength of Al-Qul'aya, built on the banks of upstream Henares Complutum old, the three strategic points guarded and defended the territory from access by the Christian armies that tried down into the valley of Jarama from high Somosierra, or reach the valley of the Henares from Atienza and eastern parts of Castile, and from Zaragoza
In the early tenth century, the new Arabic site Alcalá should not be more than a fortified watchtower small in size, judging by terminology with which it is named in the first news we have known Alcalá la Vieja. According to Bayan-al Mugrib, in 920, ruling in Cordoba Abd-al-Rahman III, the governor of Guadalajara defeated a large Christian Leon expedition had crossed the ports of the Central System with the intention of attacking Guadalajara. The site that beset, near Guadalajara, appears as al-Qul'aya reviewed, which can be translated as "the chateau." Lévi-Provençal identified him as the little fort that preceded the one that gave the city its name today.
It seems that during the tenth century that little watchtower increased its fortifications, defensive accompanied this increase population growth and increased urban importance, especially if we consider the new name of Qal'at Abd-al-Salam , which translates to Castle Abd-al-Salam and even according to some authors such as Castle of the Prince of Peace. This name appears in Islamic chronicles, to relate the crisis of the Cordoba Caliphate in the early years of the eleventh century.
Would be in the summer of 1062 when Ferdinand I, in front of a large army, laid siege to the Muslim city, combating with mills to open a breach in its walls, forcing the king Al-Ma'mun of Toledo to become tax and pay him pariah to lift the siege, in exchange for the delivery of great riches. However, despite the historic conquest of Toledo by Alfonso VI in 1085 and his mastery of the immediate region, the strength of Alcalá la Vieja continue under Muslim rule until 1118 the archbishop of Toledo, Don Bernardo, took his hosts the important enclave of Alcalá, where he managed to pay the plaza.
Middle Ages: El Burgo de Santiuste The May 3, 1118 Archbishop Bernard of Toledo Sedirac won the Muslim seat Alkal'a Nahar and Alcalá la Vieja Castilla but the kingdom gave Earth Alcalá and the Archbishopric of Toledo, becoming Alcalá community an ecclesiastical dominion. Soon, the city would enjoy privileges and Exhibition (dating from 1184). El Burgo de Santiuste, Alcalá de Santiuste, Alcalá de San Justo or Alcalá de Fenar (name of the XIV century) would be an emerging market central and local transactions, which would increase the population considerably. However, the Jewish quarter and Moorish or Jewish Alcala would be the most notable of Castile (the Jewry complutense is considered medium size. Some studies put at 5,000 Jews). During the Middle Ages, Alcalá was peacefully inhabited by Jews, Muslims and Christians. In the twelfth century the bishopric complutense be deleted for the headquarters of Toledo.
On December 19, 1308 was signed the treaty in the city of Alcalá de Henares, signed by King Ferdinand IV of Castile and the ambassadors of King James II of Aragon.
In 1345 and in 1348 the city will take place in the Castile (read also cuts and Management of Alcalá Alcalá).
The city and its district of 25 villages were provided with two forums: the Old and New (by Cisneros). Throughout the centuries, the villages of the district would achieve independence and villas with own municipality until the twentieth century the town of Alcalá only had the city as an urban center.
It is known for its historic university, the University of Alcalá, which was founded by Cardinal Cisneros. On April 13, 1499 data of the bull of Pope Alexander VI Borgia authorizing the creation of the Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso was the head of the university. In 1508 he opened their classrooms and among employees of Cisneros were important personalities like Nebrija. However, the germ is found Alcala University in the year 1293 with the creation of General Studies. Soon the University of Alcalá de Salamanca competed with and passed through its halls important personalities,
The first woman who was exceptionally agreed to study and achieve the degree of Doctor of Arts and Letters was María Isidro de Guzmán y de la Cerda (1785)
Charles II granted the title of city population in 1678. From the eighteenth century the city lost importance despite the construction of new landmarks like the Puerta de Madrid. At the beginning of this century, Alcalá was occupied by the Portuguese during the War of Succession.
Alcalá is universally famous for being the birthplace of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, novelist, poet and playwright who wrote what is considered the masterpiece of Spanish literature, fiction, Don Quixote, which many critics have described as the first modern novel and one of the most widely read works, translated and disseminated in history.
Regeneration Society Condueños Main article: Society Condueños recovery would probably not have been possible were it not for the existence of "Society Buildings Condueños were University", which was the first private individual and society that was created in Spain to save and preserve an artistic heritage philanthropically. Condueños Society, a citizens' initiative that Alcala, 1851, watching the city's main buildings were to be auctioned, they decided to save the heritage of the city to make its money and creating a society whose sole purpose was to buy the iconic buildings University to avoid looting and in the future, to get around the city's Complutense University. Today, the buildings house the Society Condueños rector and several faculties of the University.
The Twentieth Century: Heritage Plaza de Cervantes. In the background, the remains of the parish of Santa Maria Maggiore: Oidor chapel and tower. The church of Santa Maria la Mayor was destroyed in a fire during the Spanish Civil War, losing most of the paintings housed. Among the remains were preserved, highlights the pile where Miguel de Cervantes was baptized. Alcalá is an agricultural city, military and until the 40 monasteries in the ceramics industry and Forges de Alcalá (rolling stock) predict the next industrial development 60. In 1968 he declared the old town as a Historic-Artistic, with 9 National Monuments. In 1977 the college was refounded in the city with the name of the Universidad de Alcalá, which has been a cultural renaissance in the city and artistic heritage recovery.
I'm hoping LEGO will come out with this piece.. I actually would need it for several models that I have right now. A 1x4 modified plate with horizontal grips. This needs to exist >,<
-Joe
existe un niño qe vive en mi luchando por tenerte.. qe revive momentos lejanos .. me hace pensar confundiendo mi realidad obligandome a escuchar tu voz diciendo de lejos como te echo demenos no puedo mas...... porqe te alejas?? lo qe me cuesta comprender qe aunqe eres parte del ayer.. me desespero.. qe tb yo lo he sufrido qe en este tiempo sin vernos.. como te he echado demenos!!
Existe aún una extensa área de pastizales naturales en el departamento de Cordillera.
A veces combinados con el palmar de Karanday cerca del río Manduvirá, con humedales, y otras con parches boscosos.
Se trata de un ecosistema frágil en el que habita una biodiversidad particular con muchas especies en distintas categorías de riesgo. Su conservación dependerá del manejo de la producción sobre estos suelos, del deseo de preservar esta maravillosa comunidad de organismos en el futuro.
Cordillera, Paraguay.
“things only exist if they are told/narrated”
(attributed to Alessandro Baricco);
“le cose esistono solo se vengono raccontate”
(attribuita ad Alessandro Baricco).
POSTER - LOCANDINA –
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This "photographic story" ideally follows the previous one, for two reasons, first because in this case too, as in the previous story we talk about "angels", they are the "Golden Angels" of San Pier Niceto (in the province of Messina), and second, because this singular and beautiful religious festival, with its procession, also takes place during the Easter period, specifically during "Holy Tuesday". The photographs that I post (not a few, I wish in this way to pay homage to the inhabitants of San Pier Niceto, who can find themselves in these photos, especially for those fathers, mothers, grandfathers, grandmothers, aunts and uncles, in seeing their beloved and very sweet "angels - angiolette"); if you look closely at some of the photographed subjects, you will notice a "temporal disconnect", in fact in some cases, the same girls are present, with two different ages, they will be dressed differently, this is because the photos were taken during Holy Tuesday of 2024 and that of 2025. The temporal sequence of the photographs does not take into account either the year in which they were taken, nor the moments attributable to the phases of the ceremony and subsequent procession.
In San Pier Niceto, on the Peloritani Mountains in Sicily, during the Holy Tuesday takes place the SS. Crucifix procession, whose roots are ancient. The Church of St. James houses and cares for the precious Crucifix, Which is brought to the procession by the streets of the country preceded by very young children, of both sexes, who imitate little Angels, Angels and Grieving young Nuns, dressed in elaborate dresses covered with many gold jewelery, sewn by handy hands that with pins, necklaces , Bracelets and many other gold jewelry applied to their little clothes, they make real works of art whose designs are reminiscent of Easter symbols. Gold for dressing is collected home from home by people who have to melt a "vote", gold that will be returned at the end of the procession. Everything begins during Lent when parents decide to dress their baby by little Angels, Angels or Grieving Nuns .The Little Angels are usually 3 or 4 year olds, the Angels are a little bigger, the Nuns are little young girls. Thus the preparations for the elaboration of the elaborate clothes begin: Parents during Lent are knocking at every door of the country, among friends and relatives, to borrow bracelets, brooches, necklaces and all the gold necessary for the composition of embroidery . The Little Angel's dress is white, short down to the knee, made up of a gold-plated bodice and a skirt with some golden embroidery; Arms are adorned by bracelets, the head is adorned by a collier, small wings (white dove feathers) sprout from behind. The Angels have a white tunic, on which sacred icons are embroidered in gold, the head is covered by a collier, wings lie on their shoulders. The Nun's dress is black, on which are stitched the crowns of the S.S. Rosary, on the head is placed a white veil, held by a rose crown. At 16:30 on Holy Tuesday, a tapping of bells together with the band's fanfare in the village, set off at the "Crucifixion Procession" of San Pier Niceto: at the foot of the Crucifix there are red roses, behind it are located branches of cypress (at the end of the event the faithful will carry with them a piece of cypress as a relic), finally the red ribbons are tied to the arms of the Crucifix, they will mark the procession of the procession until the arrival at the Mother Church, a century church to St. Peter the Apostle, where the celebration of the Holy Mass will take place (the reverse path will bring the SS Crucifix to the Church of St. James): in perfect order the faithful in religious silence, with votive candles in their hands, walk the streets of the country never crossing the red ribbons as they delimit the path of the Golden Little Angels, Angels and the Grieving young Nuns .
Questo "racconto fotografico" segue idealmente il precedente, per due motivi, innanzitutto perchè anche in questo caso, come nel racconto precedente si parla di "angeli", sono "gli Angioletti d'oro" di San Pier Niceto (in provincia di Messina), e secondo, perchè questa singolare e bella festa religiosa, con la sua processione, si svolge anch'essa durante il periodo pasquale, nello specifico durante il "Martedì Santo". Le fotografie che posto (non poche, desidero in tal modo omaggiare gli abitanti di San Pier Niceto, che possano ritrovarsi in queste foto, soprattutto per quei papà, mamme, nonni, nonne, zie e zii, nel rivedere i loro adorati e dolcissimi "angioletti - angiolette"); a ben guardare in alcuni dei soggetti fotografati, si noterà uno "scollamento temportale", infatti in qualche caso, sono presenti le stessi bimbe, con due età diverse, saranno vestite diversamente, questo perchè le foto sono state realizzate durante il Martedì Santo del 2024 e quello del 2025. La sequenza temporale delle fotografie non tiene conto nè dell'anno nel quale sono state realizzate, nè dei momenti ascrivibili alle fasi della cerimonia e successiva processione.
A San Pier Niceto, sui monti Peloritani in Sicilia, durante il Martedì Santo prende vita la processione per le vie del paese del SS. Crocifisso, le cui radici sono antichissime. La Chiesa di San Giacomo ospita e custodisce il pregevole Crocifisso, che viene portato in processione per le vie del paese preceduto da bambini anche molto piccoli, di entrambi i sessi, che impersonano Angioletti ed Addoloratine vestiti con elaboratissimi abiti ricoperti con tantissimi monili d’oro, cuciti dalle mani abili di sarte che con spille, collane, bracciali e tanti altri monili in oro applicati sui loro piccoli vestiti, realizzano vere opere d’arte i cui disegni ricordano simboli pasquali. L’oro per la realizzazione dei vestitini viene raccolto di casa in casa da persone che hanno da sciogliere un “voto”, oro che verrà restituito alla fine della processione. Tutto ha inizio durante la Quaresima, quando dei genitori decidono per “voto” di vestire il proprio bambino da Angioletto, Angiolone o Monachella.
Gli Angioletti sono solitamente bimbi di 3 o 4 anni, gli Angioloni sono un po’ più grandi, le Monachelle sono delle bambine. Così iniziano i preparativi per la realizzazione degli elaboratissimi vestiti: i genitori durante la Quaresima bussano ad ogni porta del paese, tra la cerchia di amici e parenti, per prendere in prestito bracciali, spille, collane e tutto l’oro necessario alla composizione dei ricami. Il vestito degli Angioletti è bianco, corto fino al ginocchio, composto da un corpetto ricoperto d’oro ed una gonna segnata da alcuni ricami d’oro; le braccia sono adornate da bracciali, la testa è adornata da un collier, da dietro le spalle spuntano delle piccole ali (piume di colomba bianca). Gli Angioloni hanno una tunica bianca sulla quale vengono ricamate delle icone sacre in oro, la testa è cinta da un collier, sulle spalle trovano posto delle ali. Il vestito delle Monachelle invece è nero, sul quale vengono cucite delle coroncine del S.S. Rosario, sul capo viene posto un velo bianco, trattenuto da una corona di rose. Alle 16:30 del Martedì Santo un rintocco di campane insieme alla fanfare della banda del paese, danno il via alla “Processione del Crocifisso” di San Pier Niceto: ai piedi della Croce vi sono delle rose rosse, dietro di essa trovano posto dei rami di cipresso (alla fine dell’evento i fedeli porteranno con se un pezzetto di rametto come reliquia), infine dei nastri rossi vengono legati alle braccia del Crocifisso, essi segneranno il percorso della processione, fino all’arrivo al Duomo, una chiesa cinquecentesca dedicata a San Pietro apostolo, ove si terrà la celebrazione della Santa Messa ( il percorso inverso riporterà il S.S. Crocifisso nella Chiesa di San Giacomo): in perfetto ordine i fedeli in religioso silenzio, con ceri votivi in mano, percorrono le vie del paese, non oltrepassando i nastri rossi poiché essi delimitano il percorso degli Angioletti d’oro e delle Addoloratine.
During the Falklands war, British Paratroopers of 2 Para were under heavy fire in Darwin/Goose Green. They called in air support. A flight of three RAF Harrier Gr.3's came at dawn to provide close air support. The first dropped BL755 cluster bombs, the second two unleashed an almighty salvo of SNEB 2.7 inch rockets. The Argentine's surrendered soon after, with the Paratroopers giving credit to the shock caused by the airstrike. This is an attempt to recreate one of my favorite photos of all time by Richard Cooke. I had a post card of it as a kid when we moved to the UK and it helped instill a fascination with the harrier and vertical flight that still exists to this day!
vi várias meninas aqui no Flickr deixando suas listinhas de natal eu achei super fofo e ia fazer tb...mas como a falta de tempo é complexa n consegui fazer a minha...massssssss como eu acredito em Papai Noel e ele sempre ouve minhas listinhas rsrs(tá certo nem todas né!!! ahaha) ele trouxe meus fofinhos mais cedo....eis aqui as minhas mais novas belezurassss esmaltísticas!!!
P.S. claro q existe uma superrrrrrr mamãe noel q torna nossos desejos realidades eeeeee!!! amei os mimos Bibi!!! Bjsssss
Il existe de nombreux sentiers de randonnées depuis les 2 entrées principales du parc , une à Muckross house et l'autre au centre-ville .
Il n'est pas rare le long de ces sentiers de faire de belles rencontres .....
Grazalema es un municipio español de la provincia de Cádiz, Andalucía. Se encuentra enclavado al noreste de la provincia de Cádiz, en la zona de reserva del Parque Natural Sierra de Grazalema, del que lleva su nombre. Sus espaldas son custodiadas por el Peñón Grande lugar donde nace el río Guadalete. Forma parte de la Ruta de los Pueblos Blancos: al norte Sierra Morena, al sur Sierra del Endrinal, al este Parque Natural Sierra de las Nieves, al oeste Cerro de San Cristóbal (1555 m. de altitud), y al noroeste Sierra del Pinar (punto orográfico más alto de la provincia con 1654 m. de altitud).
Sus actividades tradicionales son las agropecuarias, que van siendo progresivamente abandonadas por su escasa rentabilidad, habiendo sido compensadas en gran medida por el auge del turismo, vinculado a la declaración del Parque Natural Sierra de Grazalema.
Es el municipio más lluvioso de Andalucía. En el corazón de la Sierra de Grazalema se enclava este pintoresco pueblo blanco gaditano que goza de un microclima especial. Aunque existen en la zona huellas de asentamientos prehistóricos, como el Dolmen de la Giganta, el origen de Grazalema coincide con la ciudad romana de Lacílbula. En su casco urbano, declarado Conjunto Histórico, la típica arquitectura popular se combina a la perfección con la riqueza monumental. La joya patrimonial de la villa es la Iglesia barroca de Nuestra Señora de la Aurora, junto a la que se dan cita la Iglesia de San José, la Parroquia de Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación, la Iglesia de San Juan y las ermitas del Calvario y de los Ángeles. Famosa por sus tradicionales mantas, éstas se exponen junto a otros oficios artesanales en el Museo de Artesanía Textil.
Esta hermosa pedanía de Grazalema enclavada en un paraje impresionante, fue llamada por los árabes Ben-Mahoma, hijos de Mahoma. La influencia islámica se puede apreciar en el trazado de las calles y en la constante presencia del agua.
Does Hawaii Five-O really exist? This badge would indicate it must be a real agency. The simple answer is, No. The primary reason that it does not, there are no state wide roads. Each Island has its own police force that can use some state resources while doing the police work. Even when a local place, Like Honolulu, has its name on a vehicle, the authority is Island wide. One morning while I was on Maui, the local radio host announced that a car went missing. He requested that the driver just park the car and call the radio station to report where it was parked. The listeners also were reminded that if anyone needs a ride, call the station and a driver could be found to provide transportation. This is so much better than a high speed chase.
I guess the next question would be, Where did I get this Badge? A Maui gift store had two in a display case, no prices and no descriptions. He claimed that they were given to him one day while he was watching the filming of the Television show. He told me to watch carefully when the show is on the TV and I will spot these "props". As a badge collector I had to have one, even if it is not a badge. It is a badge, perhaps the most recognized one I have. When I show the collection, this one is the most noticed. It makes me want to get a Batmobile The second most recognized vehicle in the world. It is right behind the Popemobile!
Introducción histórica a la Colegiata de Santa Juliana en Santillana del Mar
Santillana está documentada como villa desde el siglo X pero es más que probable que ya existiese desde comienzos de la Reconquista y la repoblación allá por los siglos VIII y IX con el nombre de Planes y aquí existiese un primitivo monasterio, probablemente particular.
Imponente cabecera y cimborrio de la colegiata de Santillana del Mar
Precisamente, este lugar -Planes- cambiaría de nombre con la llegada de las reliquias de Santa Juliana de Bitinia (Sancta Luliana que pasará por contracción a Santillana), martirizada durante las feroces persecuciones de Diocleciano a fines del siglo III. d.C. Tales restos fueron traídos por monjes peregrinos en los años setenta del siglo IX.
Calle de la Carrera. Al fondo la colegiata
De aquel pequeño cenobio altomedieval no queda nada, puesto que las edificaciones románicas del siglo XII renovaron completamente el solar donde se asentaría las estancias monacales y el templo (¿De estilo asturiano o mozárabe?).
El casco antiguo de Santillana ofrece rincones deliciosos
La protección primero de los condes y luego reyes de Castilla propició el crecimiento en prestigio y en propiedades. Ya en el siglo XII el cenobio de Santa Juliana -siglo que coincide con la mayor importancia- aparece citado como colegiata, habiendo sido sustituidos los monjes benedictinos por canónigos de San Agustín.
Cabecra de la Colegiata de Santillana del Mar
El declive comienza a principios del siglo XIII hasta hacerse mucho más patente en la centuria siguiente.
Arquitectura y escultura románicas de la Colegiata de Santillana del Mar
La Colegiata de Santillana del Mar es monumento Nacional desde 1889.
Canecillo
De todo el enorme complejo que actualmente constituye la colegiata, lo más antiguo es el conjunto de construcciones románicas que luego sufrirían añadidos y modificaciones.
La obra románica se iniciaría en las primeras décadas del siglo XII y costa de una iglesia de generosas dimensiones estructurada en tres naves, transepto y cabecera tripartita, con cimborrio sobre el crucero, gran puerta meridional, torre cilíndrica adosada al muro meridional y un magnífico claustro de finales de siglo.
El claustro es una de las partes más interesantes de la colegiata
Libro: Iconografía y Simbolismo RománicoLuego llegarían las adiciones y reformas:
La torre de planta cuadrada de los pies -seguramente del siglo XIV- que parece se puso como enorme contrafuerte sobre la fachada occidental para estabilizar la estructura.
Del siglo XV parece ser la capilla tardogótica añadida al brazo norte del transepto, conocida como del Marqués de Robledo y que cuenta con una bóveda de crucería estrellada.
Del siglo XVII serían la sacristía adosada al hastial del brazo sur del transepto, que casi lo para completamente; la galería sobre la nave meridional, el zaguán y la casa del abad. También se ría de estos momentos la modificación de la puerta románica del muro sur con construcción de un frontón renacentista.
La construcción románica
Exterior
Fachada sur
La fachada sur es la más vistosa por su tamaño, riqueza de elementos y disposición a la vista de los transeúntes que alcanzan la colegiata por las principales calles de la Carrera, Cantón y Río.
Puerta principal de la colegiata
De época románica, lo primero que observamos es la portada con arquivoltas de medio punto sin decoración y columnas con capiteles meteorizados que todavía dejan ver animales como leones y basiliscos.
Gallos o basiliscos en la puerta principal
Mayor interés tiene el friso escultórico superior y las estatuas encastradas en las enjutas. Además de apóstoles y obispos, hay una escena de Adán y Eva en el Pecado Original.
Uno de los relieves de la portada
Lo más espectacular es el Maiestas Domini que bendice con la mano derecha y porta el Libro de la Vida con su contraria, dentro de una mandarla sujeta por las manos de cuatro ángeles en curiosa postura horizontal y paralela. Esta iconografía podría estar relacionada con el Juicio Final aunque nos inclinamos a pensar más en la Ascensión.
Relieve escultórico románico de Cristo en la mandorla entre cuatro ángeles
También nos llama la atención la no muy alta torre cilíndrica con cuerpos separados por impostas taqueadas y el superior con vano ajimezado. Ante su contemplación nos salta a la memoria algunas torres del románico lombardo o las que flanquean la fechada de San Martín de Frómista. En todo caso, nada tiene que ver este campanario con otras torres prismáticas importantes del románico cántabro como las de San Pedro de Cervatos o Castañeda.
Tronera de la torre cilíndrica
Del hastial del crucero en su extremo meridional, poco podemos ver por haberse construido la citada sacristía. No obstante se vislumbra un ventanal en el extremo superior así como una serie de canecillos.
Hastial sur del transepto
En el remate de todas estas estructuras queda el cimborrio de planta cuadrada, que disponía de arquerías murales sobre columnas, aunque alguna restauración las eliminó de parte del contorno.
Arquerías del cimborrio
Cabecera
A pesar de que la ausencia de ábside románico en el lado norte, así como la adición de sacristía y capilla, no cabe duda de que la cabecera de la colegiata de Santillana es una de las más espectaculares del románico español gracias a la articulación mural de los ábsides central y meridional.
Ábside meridional
En concreto, el ábside principal cuenta con finas columnas en tres tramos con sus respectivas basas. Loas paños resultantes llevan aspilleras de iluminación rodeados por estructuras tipo portadas, con dos amplias arquivoltas de medio punto y chambrana sobre dos parejas de columnillas.
Ventanal del ábside sur
capitel de la cabeceraPor su parte, el absidiolo lateral sur es, en su menor tamaño, otra joya que repite el juego de columnas y ventanal pero adaptándose a su menor superficie.
Aunque el conjunto de capiteles tienen dispar nivel de conservación, todavía pueden vislumbrarse interesantes tallas como el capitel que muestra un mono boca abajo.
Interior
Las naves y la cabecera
El templo de la Colegiata de Santillana del Mar es un edificio de tres amplias naves deparadas por arcos formeros de medio punto sobre pilares cruciformes con medias columnas en sus caras externas. El abovedamiento de los ábsides es el habitual románico y también el del transepto con bóveda de medio cañón.
Interior de la nave central y la sur de la colegiata
No se sabe si las tres naves -más alta la central- también tuvieron cubierta de piedra o de simple madera. Las actuales de crucería son del siglo XIII.
Arcos formeros. Interior de la colegiata de Santillana del Mar
En el crucero se levantó un cimborrio basado en sobreelevadas pechinas que soportan la cúpula semiesférica, que hoy parece ovalada como consecuencia de reformas ulteriores.
Interior del cimborrio
La estructura columnaria ofrece un riquísimo repertorio de capiteles. Varios de ellos son vegetales o contienen volutas con cabecitas entre ellas. Entre las cestas con temática zoomorfa tenemos los que muestran leones, aves y un mono con una cuerda al cuello. En uno de los ábsides hay uno de temática erótica con un personaje itifálico o el más conocido de todos donde dos guerreros luchan con escudos y enormes espadas.
Capitel
Relieves de los ábsides y otros elementos escultóricos muebles
Nada sabemos de lo que hubo en la fachada occidental de la iglesia ya que en el siglo XIV se adosó una gruesa torre prismática con el fin de apuntalar el edificio. Lo lógico es que hubiese una portada monumental y tal extremo puede justificar la existencia de una serie de relieves descontextualizados en los tres ábsides, que procederían de ella:
En el ábside del Evangelio hay un relieve de la Virgen con el Niño en la clásica iconografía bizantina de Sedes Sapientiae y rodeada de estructuras arquitectónicas.
Relieve con la Virgen
En el ábside central, empleado como frontal de altar, tenemos un grupo de cuatro apóstoles.
En el ábside de la Epístola se conserva un nuevo relieve con la santa patrona domeñando al diablo.
También procedería de la puerta occidental un espléndido relieve con un Maiestas Domini que se guarda en la Capilla del Marqués de Robledo. Se atribuye a Pedro Quintana, artista que esculpió el tímpano de la iglesia de Yermo en 1202.
Ábside septentrional
Al margen de estas piezas, debemos también citar dos más guardadas en distintos lugares del templo colegial: la pila bautismal y el Sepulcro de Doña Fronilde.
La pila bautismal románica se encuentra en cuerpo inferior de la torre occidental usada como baptisterio. Es de forma caliciforme y amplias dimensiones. Destaca por un rudo relieve de Daniel en el foso de los leones.
Pila bautismal
Junto a la entrada a la sacristía del brazo sur del transepto encontramos el citado sepulcro -posiblemente del siglo XII- y con una enigmática inscripción que parece pertenecer a un infante.
El claustro
El famoso claustro de la Colegiata de Santillana del Mar fue levantado al norte de la iglesia a finales del siglo XII o comienzos del XIII.
Claustro de la Colegiata
Es un espacio cuadrangular ligeramente irregular con cuatro pandas abiertas a un patio central mediante arquerías. De época románica son sólo tres de ellas puesto que el ala este es muy posterior.
Dragón
Los arcos de las crujías románicas son de medio punto y caen sobre dobles columnas de fustes gruesos y bajos, lo que tiene la virtud de de permitir al espectador la contemplación de los capiteles casi a la altura de la vista.
Claustro
En total son un total de 43 los capiteles románicos que podemos disfrutar en este claustro, lo que ofrece un repertorio muy amplio de motivos vegetales, geométricos, zoomorfos y de escenas bíblicas.
Arcángel San Miguel y el dragón
De todos ellos, destacamos los siguientes:
Bautismo de Cristo y degollación de San Juan Bautista.
Maiestas Domini en la mandarla.
Pesaje de las almas por parte de San Miguel
Un grupo de animales maléficos de orejas picudas que se encuentran dentro de tallos que los envuelven.
Daniel en el foso de los leones
Escena caballeresca de la despedida de un caballero de su dama.
Caballero luchando contra un dragón.
Pastor ahuyentando a los lobos que atacan a su rebaño.
Daniel en el foso de los leones
La comunicación del claustro con la iglesia se practica a través de una armónica y sencilla puerta de arquivoltas de medio punto. De hecho los visitantes han de acceder al claustro primero a través de una puerta de acceso a la panda oeste y desde aquí penetrar en el templo por dicha puerta, ya que la principal descrita del muro meridional está casi siempre cerrada.
This quirky hippie-style specialty shop has been part of our neighborhood ever since I can remember. Sadly, it has now become a memory.
The website still exists:
"At The Alchemy Store, our goal is to provide our customers with the necessary tools to create real change in their lives and to deepen their connection to their true essence. Alchemy is the power to change. Our Transformative candles harness the power of intention through consciousness, sound and reiki energy to manifest the change we want to see in our lives... We hope that you enjoy our products as much as we do and that they help you on your path of alchemy."
I remembered alchemy had to do with transformation but had to remind myself of the actual definition:
"A medieval chemical philosophy having as its asserted aims the transmutation of base metals into gold, the discovery of the panacea, and the preparation of the elixir of longevity."
© Ton Khivintsev
Atmospheric electricity existed long before the advent of man. It caused fires and posed an immediate danger to ancient people. Seeing the approach of a thunderstorm, our ancestors took it for the wrath of the formidable gods and prudently tried not to leave their hiding places.
An unknown force attracted, therefore, knowing about the dangers of electricity, people still tried to use it for their own purposes. Unfortunately, little data has come down to our time. Therefore, the answer to the question of who first came up with the use of electricity, it seems, will forever remain hidden in the darkness of history.
We owe the appearance of the term "electricity" to the Greek philosopher Thales. It was he who in the 7th century BC. NS. found that amber rubbed against wool attracts light objects. Of course, the weak charge that occurs in amber is nothing compared to the charges generated by modern power plants. However, we still name this type of energy after amber. "Amber" in Greek is "electron".
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Recently, an old friend from Connecticut sent me a number of scans he made from his grandfather's slide collection
taken in the 1940s and 1950s.
This one shows the New Haven Gas Company's plant near Long Wharf where they converted coal into what was
known as "Town Gas" for distrubution to local customers by underground pipes.
Extra gas was stored in large gas holders or "gasometers", three of which are visible in this photo.
None of this exists anymore. The construction of the Connecticut Turnpike and I-91 in the late 1950s
involved demolition of many neighborhoods and industrial areas in the Long Wharf and Wooster Square areas.
If you view the image in the largest size, you can see several 1930s cars with shiny "moon" hubcaps parked in front of the
large coal piles in the background.
.
note:
A tribute to each and every one of the photographers who had inspire me.
Sorry for the 'not very original' title btw.
p/s: My original selfie didn't turn out the way i wanted today. So I did this shot with my sister, Ava. I've wanted to do this shot for a while, originally planned for a selfie as well. But I felt my sister would make a better subject. Plus, she's a lot better than me at staying very still for the 10-13 seconds shutter time. :)
Huge influences come from two amazing photographers : Minatoさん cocoalocoさん
Pretending I have a film cam again.. :p
Thanks a lot for your help ma-! ありがとね、ma-!
This photo does not exist without this song : Pulp - Something Changed
この曲なしにはこの写真はありませんでした。
“things only exist if they are told/narrated”
(attributed to Alessandro Baricco);
“le cose esistono solo se vengono raccontate”
(attribuita ad Alessandro Baricco).
POSTER - LOCANDINA –
< a>
----------------------------------------------------------
click to activate the small icon of slideshow: the small triangle inscribed in the small rectangle, at the top right, in the photostream (it means the monitor);
or…. Press the “L” button to zoom in the image;
clicca sulla piccola icona per attivare lo slideshow: sulla facciata principale del photostream, in alto a destra c'è un piccolo rettangolo (rappresenta il monitor) con dentro un piccolo triangolo nero;
oppure…. premi il tasto “L” per ingrandire l'immagine;
www.worldphoto.org/sony-world-photography-awards/winners-...
www.fotografidigitali.it/gallery/2726/opere-italiane-segn...
………………………………………………………
This "photographic story" ideally follows the previous one, for two reasons, first because in this case too, as in the previous story we talk about "angels", they are the "Golden Angels" of San Pier Niceto (in the province of Messina), and second, because this singular and beautiful religious festival, with its procession, also takes place during the Easter period, specifically during "Holy Tuesday". The photographs that I post (not a few, I wish in this way to pay homage to the inhabitants of San Pier Niceto, who can find themselves in these photos, especially for those fathers, mothers, grandfathers, grandmothers, aunts and uncles, in seeing their beloved and very sweet "angels - angiolette"); if you look closely at some of the photographed subjects, you will notice a "temporal disconnect", in fact in some cases, the same girls are present, with two different ages, they will be dressed differently, this is because the photos were taken during Holy Tuesday of 2024 and that of 2025. The temporal sequence of the photographs does not take into account either the year in which they were taken, nor the moments attributable to the phases of the ceremony and subsequent procession.
In San Pier Niceto, on the Peloritani Mountains in Sicily, during the Holy Tuesday takes place the SS. Crucifix procession, whose roots are ancient. The Church of St. James houses and cares for the precious Crucifix, Which is brought to the procession by the streets of the country preceded by very young children, of both sexes, who imitate little Angels, Angels and Grieving young Nuns, dressed in elaborate dresses covered with many gold jewelery, sewn by handy hands that with pins, necklaces , Bracelets and many other gold jewelry applied to their little clothes, they make real works of art whose designs are reminiscent of Easter symbols. Gold for dressing is collected home from home by people who have to melt a "vote", gold that will be returned at the end of the procession. Everything begins during Lent when parents decide to dress their baby by little Angels, Angels or Grieving Nuns .The Little Angels are usually 3 or 4 year olds, the Angels are a little bigger, the Nuns are little young girls. Thus the preparations for the elaboration of the elaborate clothes begin: Parents during Lent are knocking at every door of the country, among friends and relatives, to borrow bracelets, brooches, necklaces and all the gold necessary for the composition of embroidery . The Little Angel's dress is white, short down to the knee, made up of a gold-plated bodice and a skirt with some golden embroidery; Arms are adorned by bracelets, the head is adorned by a collier, small wings (white dove feathers) sprout from behind. The Angels have a white tunic, on which sacred icons are embroidered in gold, the head is covered by a collier, wings lie on their shoulders. The Nun's dress is black, on which are stitched the crowns of the S.S. Rosary, on the head is placed a white veil, held by a rose crown. At 16:30 on Holy Tuesday, a tapping of bells together with the band's fanfare in the village, set off at the "Crucifixion Procession" of San Pier Niceto: at the foot of the Crucifix there are red roses, behind it are located branches of cypress (at the end of the event the faithful will carry with them a piece of cypress as a relic), finally the red ribbons are tied to the arms of the Crucifix, they will mark the procession of the procession until the arrival at the Mother Church, a century church to St. Peter the Apostle, where the celebration of the Holy Mass will take place (the reverse path will bring the SS Crucifix to the Church of St. James): in perfect order the faithful in religious silence, with votive candles in their hands, walk the streets of the country never crossing the red ribbons as they delimit the path of the Golden Little Angels, Angels and the Grieving young Nuns .
Questo "racconto fotografico" segue idealmente il precedente, per due motivi, innanzitutto perchè anche in questo caso, come nel racconto precedente si parla di "angeli", sono "gli Angioletti d'oro" di San Pier Niceto (in provincia di Messina), e secondo, perchè questa singolare e bella festa religiosa, con la sua processione, si svolge anch'essa durante il periodo pasquale, nello specifico durante il "Martedì Santo". Le fotografie che posto (non poche, desidero in tal modo omaggiare gli abitanti di San Pier Niceto, che possano ritrovarsi in queste foto, soprattutto per quei papà, mamme, nonni, nonne, zie e zii, nel rivedere i loro adorati e dolcissimi "angioletti - angiolette"); a ben guardare in alcuni dei soggetti fotografati, si noterà uno "scollamento temportale", infatti in qualche caso, sono presenti le stessi bimbe, con due età diverse, saranno vestite diversamente, questo perchè le foto sono state realizzate durante il Martedì Santo del 2024 e quello del 2025. La sequenza temporale delle fotografie non tiene conto nè dell'anno nel quale sono state realizzate, nè dei momenti ascrivibili alle fasi della cerimonia e successiva processione.
A San Pier Niceto, sui monti Peloritani in Sicilia, durante il Martedì Santo prende vita la processione per le vie del paese del SS. Crocifisso, le cui radici sono antichissime. La Chiesa di San Giacomo ospita e custodisce il pregevole Crocifisso, che viene portato in processione per le vie del paese preceduto da bambini anche molto piccoli, di entrambi i sessi, che impersonano Angioletti ed Addoloratine vestiti con elaboratissimi abiti ricoperti con tantissimi monili d’oro, cuciti dalle mani abili di sarte che con spille, collane, bracciali e tanti altri monili in oro applicati sui loro piccoli vestiti, realizzano vere opere d’arte i cui disegni ricordano simboli pasquali. L’oro per la realizzazione dei vestitini viene raccolto di casa in casa da persone che hanno da sciogliere un “voto”, oro che verrà restituito alla fine della processione. Tutto ha inizio durante la Quaresima, quando dei genitori decidono per “voto” di vestire il proprio bambino da Angioletto, Angiolone o Monachella.
Gli Angioletti sono solitamente bimbi di 3 o 4 anni, gli Angioloni sono un po’ più grandi, le Monachelle sono delle bambine. Così iniziano i preparativi per la realizzazione degli elaboratissimi vestiti: i genitori durante la Quaresima bussano ad ogni porta del paese, tra la cerchia di amici e parenti, per prendere in prestito bracciali, spille, collane e tutto l’oro necessario alla composizione dei ricami. Il vestito degli Angioletti è bianco, corto fino al ginocchio, composto da un corpetto ricoperto d’oro ed una gonna segnata da alcuni ricami d’oro; le braccia sono adornate da bracciali, la testa è adornata da un collier, da dietro le spalle spuntano delle piccole ali (piume di colomba bianca). Gli Angioloni hanno una tunica bianca sulla quale vengono ricamate delle icone sacre in oro, la testa è cinta da un collier, sulle spalle trovano posto delle ali. Il vestito delle Monachelle invece è nero, sul quale vengono cucite delle coroncine del S.S. Rosario, sul capo viene posto un velo bianco, trattenuto da una corona di rose. Alle 16:30 del Martedì Santo un rintocco di campane insieme alla fanfare della banda del paese, danno il via alla “Processione del Crocifisso” di San Pier Niceto: ai piedi della Croce vi sono delle rose rosse, dietro di essa trovano posto dei rami di cipresso (alla fine dell’evento i fedeli porteranno con se un pezzetto di rametto come reliquia), infine dei nastri rossi vengono legati alle braccia del Crocifisso, essi segneranno il percorso della processione, fino all’arrivo al Duomo, una chiesa cinquecentesca dedicata a San Pietro apostolo, ove si terrà la celebrazione della Santa Messa ( il percorso inverso riporterà il S.S. Crocifisso nella Chiesa di San Giacomo): in perfetto ordine i fedeli in religioso silenzio, con ceri votivi in mano, percorrono le vie del paese, non oltrepassando i nastri rossi poiché essi delimitano il percorso degli Angioletti d’oro e delle Addoloratine.
These exist at three levels, each level joined by steps. This is quite impressive and gives a good impression of how it must have been to be a performer at the Theatre.
Surprisingly, because the metals are such perfect expressions of archetypal energies, we can actually learn quite a bit about people by studying the properties of metals and the behavior of planets. That same correspondence exists in the human temperament. For instance, the leaden person is someone who has, like Saturn, lost their bid to become a star. They have accepted a mere physical existence and believe the created world is all that counts. The positive characteristics of the saturnine person are patience, responsibility, somberness, structure and realism, true knowledge of history and karma. The black messenger crows of Chronos bring black moods, depression and despair to us, but they also alert us to illusion and fakeness in our lives.
While we have already discussed the planetary archetypes, it is worth reminding ourselves at this point exactly how the alchemists looked on the relationship between the planet and its metal. They believed that the metals had the same “virtue” as the corresponding planet, that a single spirit infuses both the planet and the metal. In other words, the planet was a celestial manifestation and the metal a terrestrial manifestation of the same universal force. Therefore, the metals are the purest expression of the planetary energies in the mineral kingdom, which is the basis for material reality on earth. The next stage of evolution on our planet is the plant kingdom, and the alchemists assigned a metal and its corresponding planet to describe the characteristics of every known herb, flower, and plant. Similarly, on the next level in the evolution of matter in the animal kingdom, all creatures carry their own metallic or planetary signatures, which are expressed in their behavior. In human beings, the alchemists referred to the sum total of the cosmic signatures of the metals as a person’s “temperament.” Originally, that word referred to the metallurgical process of “tempering” or mixing different metals to produce certain characteristics in an alloy. Although the alchemists considered lead the lowest of the base metals, they treated it with a great deal of respect, as they did its corresponding planet Saturn. Lead was said to carry all the energy of its own transformation, and it was that hidden energy that the alchemists sought to free. To the alchemists, the ancient metal was a powerful “sleeping giant” with a dark and secret nature that encompassed both the beginning and end of the Great Work.
Lead is the heaviest of the seven metals; it is very tied to gravity, form, and manifested reality. It is also a very stubborn metal known for its durability and resistance to change. Lead products dating from 7000 BC are still intact, and lead water pipes installed by the Romans 1,500 years ago are still in use today. Alchemists depicted lead in their drawings as the god Saturn (a crippled old man with a sickle), Father Time, or a skeleton representing death itself. Any of these symbols in their manuscripts meant the alchemist was working with the metal lead in the laboratory or a leaden attitude in his accompanying meditation.Lead is a boundary of heaviness for matter. Metals of greater atomic weight are too heavy and disintegrate over time (by radioactive decay) to turn back into lead. So radioactive decay is really a Saturnic process that introduces a new characteristic in the metals – that of time. All the hyper-energetic metals beyond lead are trapped in time to inexorably return to lead. There is no natural process more unalterably exact than radioactive decay. Atomic clocks, the most precise timekeeping devices we have, are based on this leaden process. Geologists measure the age of radioactive rocks by how much lead they contain, and the age of the earth is estimated by taking lead isotope measurements. In many ways, lead carries the signature of Father Time.Native lead, which is lead metal found in a chemically uncombined state, is actually extremely rare. It is found in the earth's crust in a concentration of only about 13 parts per billion. Lead does not form crystals easily, and thus the pure mineral form is very rare and extremely valuable as rock specimens. Such elemental lead can also be found in very unusual “metamorphosed” limestone and marble formations that are equally rare.Surprisingly, lead is in the same group in the Periodic Table as gold, and when it occurs in nature, it is always found with gold and silver. In fact, the chemical symbol for lead (Pb) is from the Latin word plumbum, which means “liquid silver.” We derive our words “plumbing” and “plumb bob” from the use of lead in those applications. In the smelting of silver, lead plays an important role by forming a layer over the emerging molten silver and protecting it from combining with the air and splattering out. The volatile molten lead covering is gradually burnt away, until only the pure silver metal “peeks out” (in the smelter’s terminology) in a stabilized form. Thus, lead protects and even sacrifices itself for the nobler metals.The planet Saturn and its metal and the planet have the same symbol (L) in alchemy. The Hermetic interpretation is that the symbol is basically the cross of the elements that depicts the division between the Above and Below or spirit and matter. The lunar crescent of the soul is below the cross, representing the manifestation (or entrapment) of soul below in matter. Despite these associations with the noble metals, lead itself never makes it to such heights among the metals. The silvery luster of fresh cut lead quickly fades, as if it were “dying” before your eyes. Furthermore, alchemists considered lead to be “hydrophobic” or against the life nourishing archetype of water. Lead ores lack the slightest water content and tend to form machine-like structures.The most common ore of lead is galena, which also contains the noble metals silver and gold. Galena is lead sulfide, a favorite of rock collectors because of its distinctive cubic shapes, characteristic cleavage, and high density. In fact, the structure of galena is identical to that of natural table salt. The two minerals have exactly the same crystal shapes, symmetry and cleavage, although galena crystals are thousands of times larger. Some galena may contain up to 1% silver and often contains trace amounts of gold. The large volume of galena that is processed for lead produces enough silver as a by product to make galena the leading ore of silver as well Galena definitely has the signature of lead. Its color is silver gray with a bluish tint. The luster ranges from metallic to dull in the weathered faces, and the isometric crystals are opaque to light. The massive crystals of galena almost always take the form of a cube or octahedron, and the cleavage is perfect in four direction always forming cubes. Because of the perfect cleavage, fractures are rarely seen and the dark crystalline structure is nearly perfect.Lead is also found in other sulfuric minerals like calcite and dolomite, as well as lead oxidation minerals such as and anglesite and cerussite, which is found in the oxidation zone of lead deposits usually associated with galena. Some formations show cerussite crusts around a galena core as if the act of oxidation was frozen in time. Cerrussite is lead carbonate and also a favorite of rock hounds. Its very high luster is due mostly to the metallic lead content, and just as leaded crystal glass sparkles more brilliantly because of its lead content, so too does cerussite. Cerussite has one of the highest densities for a transparent mineral. It is over six and a half times as dense as water. Most rocks and minerals average only around three times the density of water. Cerussite is famous for its great sparkle and density, and its amazing twinned (or double) crystals. The mineral forms geometrically intricate structures and star shapes that simply amazing to behold – sometimes the twinned crystals form star shapes with six "rays" extending out from the star.When freed from its ores, lead metal has a bluish-white color and is very soft – capable of being scratched by a fingernail. With its dull metallic luster and high density, lead cannot easily be confused with any other metal. It is also malleable, ductile, and sectile – meaning it can be pounded into other shapes, stretched into a wire, and cut into slices. However, lead is a dark, sluggish, base metal. Of the seven metals, it is the slowest conductor of electricity and heat, the least lustrous or resonant. Its Saturnic signature of heaviness is expressed not only in its being the heaviest metal but also in its tendency to form inert and insoluble compounds. No other metal forms as many. Although it tarnishes upon exposure to air like silver, lead is extremely resistant to corrosion over time and seems to last forever. Lead pipes bearing the insignia of Roman emperors, used as drains from the baths, are still in service. The surface of lead is protected by a thin layer of lead oxide, and it does not react with water. The same process protects lead from the traditional “liquid fire” of the alchemists – sulfuric acid. In fact, lead bottles are still used to store the highly corrosive acid. Lead is so inalterable, that half of all the lead in the world today is simply recovered from scrap and formed directly into bullion for reuse.Lead is truly a destroyer of light. It is added to high-quality glassware (lead crystal) to absorb light reflections and make the glass clearer. Lead salts in glass are not changed by light but change light itself by absorbing it. Incoming light in lead crystal meets with high resistance, but once it is within the glass, light is immediately absorbed or dispersed without any reflected light escaping. Sheets of lead are also impermeable to all forms of light, even high energy X-rays and gamma rays, which makes lead the perfect shield against any form of radiation and is why it is used to transport and store radioactive materials.Lead is an extremely poor conductor of electricity and blocks all kinds of energy transmission. Indeed, one of the signatures of lead is its ability to “dampen” or absorb energy. Unlike other metals, when lead is struck, the vibrations are immediately absorbed and any tone is smothered in dullness. Lead is an effective sound proofing medium and tetraethyl lead is still used in some grades of gasoline as an antiknock compound to “quiet” the combustion of gasoline.Thin lead sheets are used extensively in the walls of high-rise buildings to block the transmission of sound, and thick pads of lead are used in the foundations to absorb the vibrations of street traffic and even minor earthquakes. Lead sheets are widely used in roofing to block solar rays, and lead foil is used to form lightproof enclosures in laboratory work. Ultimately, lead corresponds to the galactic Black Hole that absorbs all forms of radiation and light.Lead reacts with more chemicals than any other metal, however, instead of producing something new and useful, lead “kills” the combining substance by making it inert, insoluble and unable to enter into further chemical reactions. Its salts precipitate out of solutions heavily and copiously. Lead has the same effect in the plant kingdom. It accumulates in the roots and slows down the “breathing” process in plants. Young plants are adversely affected by even the smallest amount of lead in the soil.Lead is poisonous and accumulates over time in the bones of the human body, where it cannot be flushed out. It has also been found in high concentrations in gallstones and kidney stones. The old alchemical graphic for lead – a skeleton – was grotesquely appropriate. The symptoms of lead poisoning (known as “Saturnism”) are lack of energy, depression, blindness, dizziness, severe headaches at the back of the head, brain damage, attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities and mental retardation, antisocial behavior and anger, atrophy of muscular tissue and cramping, excess growth of connective tissue resulting in a rigid appearance, rapid aging, coma, and early death. Rats fed only 5 parts per million of lead had a lifespan 25% shorter than normal rats. Children are especially vulnerable to lead poisoning, and it is believed to be an important factor in stillborn fetuses. Children with more than just 0.3 parts per million of lead in their blood suffer a significant slowing of brain function and corresponding drop in IQ. Lead in paint has caused mental retardation and premature aging in hundreds of children who ingested old flaking paint from the walls of their homes. Lead paint was used extensively until the poisonous effects were documented in the 1960s. Because of its lasting durability, lead paint is still used outdoors in advertising and the yellow lines on highways and curbs. The subtly controlling aspect of those applications is another signature of lead and of “leaden” persons in general.Not surprisingly, lead has found use as an insecticide and was even once considered for use as a military weapon. Lead metal reacts violently with fluorine and chlorine to form the highly poisonous gases, lead fluoride and lead chloride. Lead is also used in all kinds of ammunition – another appropriate application of lead’s esoteric signature as Father Time and the Grim Reaper. There are many research studies linking lead exposure to anger and violence, especially in adolescents. One recent study of all counties in the United States conducted by Colorado State University revealed that the murder rate in counties with the highest lead levels were four times higher than in counties with the lowest levels of lead.More benevolent uses of lead are in storage batteries, covering for underground and transoceanic cables, waste plumbing, shielding around X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors, solder, pewter, fine lead crystal glass, and flint glass with a high refractive index for achromatic lenses.Even the elemental metal carries the seed of its own redemption. The alchemists knew that Fire is lord over lead, for the metal has a low melting point and is easily separated from its ore by roasting in an open flame, and the metal itself melts in a candle flame. Lead expands on heating and contracts on cooling more than any other solid heavy metal. (Silver is the opposite and is considered an antidote to lead.)Perhaps owing to its dual nature, lead carries deeply hidden within its structure the fire of its own transformation. Many lead salts reveal a whole rainbow of brilliant colors, with the solar colors of yellow, orange, and red predominating. This is why lead has been used in paints for so many centuries. Finely divided lead powder is pyrophoric (“fire containing”) and easily catches fire or erupts spontaneously in flames. When made into a fine powder, lead metal must be kept in a vacuum to keep from catching fire. Otherwise, it ignites and burns down to a bright yellow ash, revealing its deeply hidden solar signature. So, the wonder of lead is that hidden deep inside the gray, dead metal is a tiny, eternal spark that is the seed of its own resurrection. In the eyes of alchemists, this makes lead the most important metal despite its unattractive darkness. For dull lead and gleaming gold are really the same things, only at different stages of growth or maturity.The Secret Fire inside lead is really the alchemical basis for transforming lead into gold, and correspondingly, gives mankind hope for its own spiritual transformation. That tiny spark of light in the darkest part of matter makes resurrection part of the structure of the universe. So, deep down inside, the metal lead also yearns to be transformed. It wants to rise in the air and fly, leave matter and form behind, and be free as Fire. Lead unites two contrasting forces: rigid heaviness and revivifying inner fire. Archetypically, the lead process is concerned with death and resurrection. Greek myth says that after death our soul is put on a scale, and the weights of the scale are made from lead, the metal that carries Saturn's signature.Lead is used in magical rituals, spells, and amulets to promote contact with deep unconscious levels (the underworld), deep meditation, controlling negativity, breaking bad habits and addictions, protection, stability, grounding, solidity, perseverance, decisiveness, concentration, conservation, and material constructions (buildings). Pick up a hunk of lead and the first thing you notice is its weight – its connection to gravity. It is that connection to something beyond matter and light, the very form of the universe that is the physical basis for this experiment. During the winter months, preferably on some clear night in late January or early February, go outside and find the planet Saturn in the northern sky. Relax and try to focus all your attention on the golden sphere. Relax completely with an open and quiet mind. Become empty and let the planet influence you. Do this until you feel a real connection with the distant planet. Continue gazing upon Saturn and place a piece of lead metal in your hand. You should be able to feel a strange resonance building. That eerie, cold vibration is not your imagination. It is what alchemists refer to as the “call of lead.” You are experiencing the metal’s true signature or living correspondence with its planetary twin.The strange connection between lead and Saturn has been documented by modern scientists, who have shown that lead compounds react differently depending on Saturn’s position in the sky. For instance, solutions of lead nitrate produce the greatest weight of crystallization (or manifestation) during February, when Saturn rules the sky, and the least during June, when Saturn is barely visible. Lead compounds also exhibit different properties when Saturn aligns with other planets. For example, lead sulfate solution rises 60% higher on strips of filter paper during conjunctions of Saturn with Mars than at other times. It is also known that the ease of making lead solutions (the “solubility coefficient” of lead) varies with the position of Saturn relative to the other planets. NASA is even considering a series of astrochemical experiments to see if the Saturn-lead effects become more pronounced in outer space.Surprisingly, because the metals are such perfect expressions of archetypal energies, we can actually learn quite a bit about people by studying the properties of metals and the behavior of planets. That same correspondence exists in the human temperament. For instance, the leaden person is someone who has, like Saturn, lost their bid to become a star. They have accepted a mere physical existence and believe the created world is all that counts. The positive characteristics of the saturnine person are patience, responsibility, somberness, structure and realism, true knowledge of history and karma. The black messenger crows of Chronos bring black moods, depression and despair to us, but they also alert us to illusion and fakeness in our lives. Surprisingly, because the metals are such perfect expressions of archetypal energies, we can actually learn quite a bit about people by studying the properties of metals and the behavior of planets. That same correspondence exists in the human temperament. For instance, the leaden person is someone who has, like Saturn, lost their bid to become a star. They have accepted a mere physical existence and believe the created world is all that counts. The positive characteristics of the saturnine person are patience, responsibility, somberness, structure and realism, true knowledge of history and karma. The black messenger crows of Chronos bring black moods, depression and despair to us, but they also alert us to illusion and fakeness in our lives. Surprisingly, because the metals are such perfect expressions of archetypal energies, we can actually learn quite a bit about people by studying the properties of metals and the behavior of planets. That same correspondence exists in the human temperament. For instance, the leaden person is someone who has, like Saturn, lost their bid to become a star. They have accepted a mere physical existence and believe the created world is all that counts. The positive characteristics of the saturnine person are patience, responsibility, somberness, structure and realism, true knowledge of history and karma. The black messenger crows of Chronos bring black moods, depression and despair to us, but they also alert us to illusion and fakeness in our lives. Because the lusterless metal is so “dead” and resists interaction with other substances, it is used as containers for acids, like automobile batteries, and is used as a lining in pipes that carry corrosive substances. Similarly, the lead tempered person is like an acid-proof container that stores up caustic feelings and anger. Phrases like “acid tongued” and “vitriolic” have their origins in this alchemical process of storing negative emotional energy.On the psychological level, lead is symbolic of a person’s inertness and unwillingness to change. There is a denial of all higher or spiritual energies, and the alchemists often portrayed the leaden person as lying in an open grave or hopelessly chained to matter in some way. A feeling of being trapped in material reality is symptomatic of a leaden attitude. Leaden people are stubborn, unyielding, and often control other people by making them wait. They must always be right, rarely accept blame or admit to being in error, and have no real regard for the truth of a situation. They may be religious but not spiritual. They tend to be suspicious of genius and inspiration, which they will often attribute to fantasy, They feel threatened by freedom of thought and expression, and sometimes use ridicule or try to “push people’s buttons” to control it. They tend to be very uncreative, judgmental, and smug.On the other hand, leaden people are grounded, earthy, and practical. They are good friends during times of bereavement – a rock of support at funerals and deathbeds. Such people secretly crave stimulation, excitement, and new ideas. They gravitate to people who supply energy and entertainment in their lives. This craving for stimulation often makes them focus on nervous energy instead of higher inspiration. Therefore, Saturn’s children can be very reactive and excitable instead of lethargic, as they try to escape from their prison of matter.As soon as bright, fresh lead metal is exposed to air, it forms a dull-gray oxide layer called the “litharge” that resists any further chemical interaction. In alchemy, air is associated with spiritual energy, and lead reacts to it by instantly forming a barrier or blocking it. Likewise, one of the distinguishing characteristics of someone with a lead temperament is their lack of interest in spiritual ideas. There is also a general lack of interest in life in general, and leaden people often seem lazy, lethargic, or unresponsive.In the individual, lead absorbs the inner light or insight necessary for personal growth and blocks all outside “radiations,” such as attempts at spiritual instruction by others. Because psychological lead absorbs both the deeper vibrations of intuition and higher spiritual energies and aspirations, the person with a lead temperament is uninspired, unimaginative, and lacks that creative spark so necessary for positive change. Before long the lead person starts to feel trapped in his or her dull environment and seeks out excitement, death-defying feats, lively people, and challenging conversation. Their favorite color is often red, and unconsciously, they are seeking the alchemical element of Fire. Fire is one of the Four Elements that represents activity, energy, creative thinking, and transformation. Fire is the tool alchemists use to begin the transmutation of lead into gold as well as transform leaden consciousness into a golden awareness of higher reality. In the laboratory, the changes in the metal and in the alchemist take place simultaneously. Otherwise, there can be no real transformation. The alchemists transmuted the Lead temperament using the Fire operation of Calcination. Physically, lead and Saturn rule the bones, teeth, spleen, and slow chronic processes such as aging. The therapeutic effects are contracting, coagulating, drying, and mineralizing. Saturn-ruled plants enhance the structures of life. They give a sobriety of disposition, en-abling one to see limitations. These plants give steadiness, solidity of pur-pose, subtlety, diplomacy, patience, and an ability to work on the physical plane better.Saturnic or leaden energies are needed for those who have a hard time finishing pro-jects or for those with plenty of ideas but never realize them. Alchemists seeking to produce physical effects found in saturnine elixirs the essential vibratory rate that enabled materialization. Alchemists seeking to produce physical effects found in saturnine elixirs the essential vibratory rate that enabled materialization. Generally speaking, any other elixir mixed with a Saturn elixir will be earthed, which makes them of great value when working on physical plane phenomenon. Their physical therapeutic properties become refrigerant, anti-pyretic, sedative, styptic, and astringent.For instance, if one mixes a saturnine elixir with a mercurial one, the alchemists believed it would release knowledge contained in secret magical manuscripts or in ancient hermetic traditions, because the Saturn-Mercury vibration contains all hidden knowledge of an esoteric nature within it. Alchemical oils were mixed in the same way. For example, to treat leukemia, alchemists would prescribe an equal mixture of lead oil and gold oil. The alchemists made an Oil of Lead that was good for “growth of bones after breaking, strengthening the skeleton, osteoporosis and atrophy of the bones, stimulation of the spleen, drying tissue, reducing secretions and discharges, stopping bleeding, reducing fever, increasing patience, and stopping visions and an overactive imagination.” They also suggested it for hallucinations due to neurological disorders that have delirious after-effects such as encephalitis and post-traumatic stress syndrome. In the “like cures like” philosophy of homeopathy, lead is used to treat sclerosis, the hardening of bones and arteries, which is the hallmark of old age and signature of lead. The homeopathic name of lead is Plumbum metallicum. Native tin is known as stannum, which is the Latin word for tin and also gives the metal its chemical symbol (Sn). The alchemical symbol is K, which shows the lunar principle of soul above the cross of the elements or emerging from the darkness of matter.
Tin is a shiny, silvery-white metal that is malleable, somewhat ductile and sectile, and seems like a perfected form of lead to the casual observer. In fact, the Romans called tin Plumbum album or “white lead.” Tin resists weathering and does not oxidize, and tin utensils buried underground or lost at sea in sunken ships shone like new when rediscovered after hundreds of years. “Tinkers” were gypsy craftsmen who wandered from neighborhood to neighborhood in Europe repairing tin kettles and utensils or melting them down and recasting them. Native or elemental tin is extremely rare in nature and is found with gold and copper deposits. The metal was considered “semi-noble” in ancient times and was used for jewelry in Babylonia and Egypt. The Romans used it to make mirrors, and it was used as coinage in Europe at one time.
Tin has a highly crystalline structure, and due to the breaking of these crystals, a "cry" is heard when a tin bar is bent. Unlike lead, tin has pleasing acoustic effects and is used in the making of bells. The crystals in common grey tin have a cubic structure, but when heated or frozen it changes into white tin, which has a tetragonal structure. After further heating or freezing, white tin disintegrates into a powdery substance. This powder has the ability to “infect” other tin surfaces it comes in contact with by forming blisters that spread until all the metal “sickens” and disintegrates. This transformation is encouraged by impurities such as zinc and aluminum and can be prevented by adding small amounts of antimony or bismuth to the metal. The sickness of tin was called the “tin plague” and was the scourge of tin roofs during Europe’s frigid winters. The mysterious effect was first was first noticed as “growths” on organ pipes in European cathedrals, where it was thought to be the work of the devil to disfigure god’s work.Tin metal has only a few practical uses and most tin is used in alloys. Bronze is an alloy of 5% tin and 95% copper, and the development of bronze by humans marked a new age of advancement known as the Bronze Age. Most solder is a combination of tin and lead; pewter is also an alloy of tin and lead. Other tin alloys are used to make tin cans and tin roofs, and tin has significant use as a corrosion fighter in the protection of other metals. Tin resists distilled, sea and soft tap water, but is attacked by strong acids, alkalis, and acid salts. When heated in air, tin forms tin oxide, which is used to plate steel and make tin cans. Other uses are in type metal, fusible metal, Babbitt metal, and die casting alloys. Tin chloride is used as a reducing agent and mordant in calico printing. Tin salts sprayed onto glass are used to produce electrically conductive coatings, which are used for panel lighting and for frost-free windshields. Window glass is made by floating molten glass on molten tin to produce a flat surface. A crystalline tin-niobium alloy is superconductive at very low temperatures, and shoebox-sized electromagnets made of the wire produce magnetic fields comparable to conventional electromagnets weighing hundreds of tons.The distribution of tin on earth follows an ecliptic at an angle of 23.5 º to the equator that is an exact track of the orbit of Jupiter slicing through the planet. Even stranger, these jovian forces seem to form tin veins that zigzag through the rocks in a lightening bolt pattern. This is no haphazard effect, but an astonishing confirmation of Jupiter freeing the metals from their Saturnic prison on earth. Goethe was just one great alchemical philosopher who believed this. “A remarkable influence proceeds from the metal tin,” he wrote. “This has a differentiating influence, and opens a door through which a way is provided for different metals to be formed from primeval rocks.”Tin ore minerals include oxide minerals like cassiterite and a few sulfides such as franckerite. By far the most tin comes from cassiterite or tin oxide. Reduction of this ore in burning coal results in tin metal and was probably how tin was made by the ancients. Cassiterite is a black or reddish brown mineral that has ornately faceted specimens with a greasy, high luster. It is generally opaque, but its luster and multiple crystal faces cause a sparkling surface. Cassiterite has been an important ore of tin for thousands of years and is still the greatest source of tin today. Most aggregate specimens of cassiterite show crystal twins, with the typical twin bent at a near-60-degree angle to form a distinctive "Elbow Twin." Other crystalline forms include eight-sided prisms and four-sided pyramids. Cassiterite is sometimes found in nature associated with topaz and fluorite gemstones.Tin has a surprising affinity for silica and shares its crystalline structure. In the jovian ring on our planet where native tin is found, the metal lies in silica veins of quartz and granite. In the body, high concentrations of tin and silica are found in the boundary layer of the skin, and tin reacts with silica acid in many of the “shaping” processes of growth. In the Middle Ages, sick people were served food on a tin plate and drinks in a tin vessel to help them regenerate and recover their strength. Today, we know that tin acts as a bactericide and pesticide.Native tin is known as stannum, which is the Latin word for tin and also gives the metal its chemical symbol (Sn). The alchemical symbol is K, which shows the lunar principle of soul above the cross of the elements or emerging from the darkness of matter.
Tin is a shiny, silvery-white metal that is malleable, somewhat ductile and sectile, and seems like a perfected form of lead to the casual observer. In fact, the Romans called tin Plumbum album or “white lead.” Tin resists weathering and does not oxidize, and tin utensils buried underground or lost at sea in sunken ships shone like new when rediscovered after hundreds of years. “Tinkers” were gypsy craftsmen who wandered from neighborhood to neighborhood in Europe repairing tin kettles and utensils or melting them down and recasting them. Native or elemental tin is extremely rare in nature and is found with gold and copper deposits. The metal was considered “semi-noble” in ancient times and was used for jewelry in Babylonia and Egypt. The Romans used it to make mirrors, and it was used as coinage in Europe at one time.
Tin has a highly crystalline structure, and due to the breaking of these crystals, a "cry" is heard when a tin bar is bent. Unlike lead, tin has pleasing acoustic effects and is used in the making of bells. The crystals in common grey tin have a cubic structure, but when heated or frozen it changes into white tin, which has a tetragonal structure. After further heating or freezing, white tin disintegrates into a powdery substance. This powder has the ability to “infect” other tin surfaces it comes in contact with by forming blisters that spread until all the metal “sickens” and disintegrates. This transformation is encouraged by impurities such as zinc and aluminum and can be prevented by adding small amounts of antimony or bismuth to the metal. The sickness of tin was called the “tin plague” and was the scourge of tin roofs during Europe’s frigid winters. The mysterious effect was first was first noticed as “growths” on organ pipes in European cathedrals, where it was thought to be the work of the devil to disfigure god’s work.Tin metal has only a few practical uses and most tin is used in alloys. Bronze is an alloy of 5% tin and 95% copper, and the development of bronze by humans marked a new age of advancement known as the Bronze Age. Most solder is a combination of tin and lead; pewter is also an alloy of tin and lead. Other tin alloys are used to make tin cans and tin roofs, and tin has significant use as a corrosion fighter in the protection of other metals. Tin resists distilled, sea and soft tap water, but is attacked by strong acids, alkalis, and acid salts. When heated in air, tin forms tin oxide, which is used to plate steel and make tin cans. Other uses are in type metal, fusible metal, Babbitt metal, and die casting alloys. Tin chloride is used as a reducing agent and mordant in calico printing. Tin salts sprayed onto glass are used to produce electrically conductive coatings, which are used for panel lighting and for frost-free windshields. Window glass is made by floating molten glass on molten tin to produce a flat surface. A crystalline tin-niobium alloy is superconductive at very low temperatures, and shoebox-sized electromagnets made of the wire produce magnetic fields comparable to conventional electromagnets weighing hundreds of tons.The distribution of tin on earth follows an ecliptic at an angle of 23.5 º to the equator that is an exact track of the orbit of Jupiter slicing through the planet. Even stranger, these jovian forces seem to form tin veins that zigzag through the rocks in a lightening bolt pattern. This is no haphazard effect, but an astonishing confirmation of Jupiter freeing the metals from their Saturnic prison on earth. Goethe was just one great alchemical philosopher who believed this. “A remarkable influence proceeds from the metal tin,” he wrote. “This has a differentiating influence, and opens a door through which a way is provided for different metals to be formed from primeval rocks.”Tin ore minerals include oxide minerals like cassiterite and a few sulfides such as franckerite. By far the most tin comes from cassiterite or tin oxide. Reduction of this ore in burning coal results in tin metal and was probably how tin was made by the ancients. Cassiterite is a black or reddish brown mineral that has ornately faceted specimens with a greasy, high luster. It is generally opaque, but its luster and multiple crystal faces cause a sparkling surface. Cassiterite has been an important ore of tin for thousands of years and is still the greatest source of tin today. Most aggregate specimens of cassiterite show crystal twins, with the typical twin bent at a near-60-degree angle to form a distinctive "Elbow Twin." Other crystalline forms include eight-sided prisms and four-sided pyramids. Cassiterite is sometimes found in nature associated with topaz and fluorite gemstones.Tin has a surprising affinity for silica and shares its crystalline structure. In the jovian ring on our planet where native tin is found, the metal lies in silica veins of quartz and granite. In the body, high concentrations of tin and silica are found in the boundary layer of the skin, and tin reacts with silica acid in many of the “shaping” processes of growth. In the Middle Ages, sick people were served food on a tin plate and drinks in a tin vessel to help them regenerate and recover their strength. Today, we know that tin acts as a bactericide and pesticide.
Flowers last longer in tin vases, and food has been preserved in the tin cans (actually a thin layer of tin on iron) for over a century. Beer (ruled by the jovial Jupiter) is said to taste best from a tin mug. Jupiter rules growth, the metabolic system, the liver, and the enrichment of the blood from food. Jupiter therapeutic effects are anti-spasmodic and hepatic. Jupiter-ruled plants preserve the body and promote healthy growth and are the natural healing herbs of the planetary system. They af-fect the mind in such a way as to promote an understanding of ritual form from the highest point of view, and religious leaders, doctors, lawyers, etc. will find great benefit from jovian herb remedies. They also attune one to the wealth vibration and open up channels for growth and expansion, materi-ally as well as spiritually.Jupiter controls the circulation of blood in the human body. If mixed with a solar herbal eider, it will give the alchemist access to the highest plane. Jupiter-Mercury combinations produce insight into the philosophical principles of any system and their part in the cosmic scheme and provide an intuitive understanding of the great spiritual masters. This particular herbal mixture also produces a lightheartedness and gaiety, which can be very useful to those with a predisposition to depression or gloominess. The physical properties of such a mixture are anabolic and antispasmodic.The alchemists made an Oil of Tin that was used to treat the liver (jaundice, hepatitis, cirrhosis), certain types of eczema, liquid ovarian cysts, inflammatory effusions, pleurisies, acne, water retention, and certain types of obesity. This oil was said to be excellent for someone "loosing shape." The oil was also used as a sweat inducer, wormer, antispasmodic, cathartic, and laxative.The polar (opposite) metal to tin is mercury, and Oil of Tin was said to be an excellent antidote for mercury poisoning, and likewise mercury was said to balance the bad effects of tin. Tin and mercury oil combined are said to provide deep insight and cure lightheadedness and certain phases of manic-depressive syndrome.The homeopathic form of tin is called Stannum, a remedy which is said to strengthen and regenerate muscle and brain tissue. It is also a remedy for the joints and connective tissue of ligaments and cartilage. Stannum is allegedly beneficial in liver disease and is used for congestion, hardening, encephalitis, and other illnesses where the fluid balance is upset.During the early Spring, preferably sometime in March, go outside and find the red planet Mars in the night sky. Relax and try to focus all your attention on the tiny red sphere. Relax completely with an open and quiet mind. Become empty and let the planet influence you. Do this until you feel a real connection with the distant planet. Continue gazing upon Mars and place a piece of iron in your hand or a small cast iron pot or other object but not something of made of steel or chromed. You should be able to feel a resonance building. It is what alchemists refer to as the “call of iron.” You are experiencing the metal’s true signature or living correspondence with its planetary twin. See how your feelings compare to how the alchemists felt about this powerful metal.When mixed with solar herbs, iron herbs increase energy and activate the energetic potentials of other herbs. Martian elixirs release the action poten-tial of the soul of something. When mixed with other herbs, martian herbs acti-vate the potentialities of the other herbs to a great degree making them more forceful in applica-tion and generally more active. Mars herbs are wonderful tonics when mixed with Sun herbs. The combination gives great physical energy, tones the muscles, and increases sexual potency. They also provoke self-reliance, spontaneity, and indepen-dence of attitude. If the alchemist is involved in magical evocation, a mixture of a mars, moon, and mercurial elixirs will help produce the physical plane vehicle of manifestation.Copper is a reddish-brown metal with a bright metallic luster. It is in the same group in the Periodic Table as gold, and like gold, it is remarkably ductile. It is also very malleable and sectile (it can be pounded into other shapes and cut into slices) and is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. Molten copper is a sea green color, and copper tarnishes with a green color and burns with a blue-green flame with flashes of red, and the alchemists sometimes described Venus, the metal’s archetypal planetary source, as dressed in a blue cloak over a red gown.Pick up a piece of copper and the first thing you notice is its surprising feeling of warmth and moisture. It is that connection to something archetypal and nourishing that makes up the signature of this metal. It is easy to connect with copper, just as its planet (Venus) is easy to see in the sky. It is so brilliant it is often mistaken for a bright star or even a UFO. The best time to see it is in the early evening or morning when it is close to the horizon. In fact, Venus has been called both the “Morning Star” and the “Evening Star” and is associated with magical energies. It is the “first star I see tonight” upon you make you wish that will come true with the sympathetic venusian energies. On some clear night or morning, go outside and find the planet Venus. Relax and try to focus all your attention on the brilliant white sphere. Relax completely with an open and quiet mind. Become empty and let the planet influence you. Do this until you feel a real connection with the distant planet. Continue gazing upon the planet and grab a piece of copper, a fistful of pennies, or even a copper cooking utensil. You should be able to feel a warm resonance building. That deep and soothing vibration is not your imagination. It is what alchemists refer to as the “call of copper.” You are experiencing the metal’s true signature or living correspondence with its planetary twin.The venusian signature gives refinement of senses and the ability to appreciate beauty. Artists, actors, and others in the public eye will find these elixirs a great aid to performing their work. Venus herbs also enhance the taste perceptions, promote affection, give an amiable disposition, and make one more psychically sensitive to astral influences. For those who feel a lack of charm, or some of the softer human qualities, a venusian elixir will stimulate the right vibration in your aura. Venusian elixirs also promote harmony and balance within our being and in our dealings with others. Venusian elixirs are said to give access to that realm of the astral that is intimately connected with the working and forces of the most intimate magic of nature. They are a great aid to alchemists who wish to make herbal alchemy their life work, as they open up the human consciousness to the secrets of the plant kingdom. Naturalists will find these elixirs most illuminating, as they will give conscious con-tact with the various “deities” of long past nature religions.Mercury is truly unique. It is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature and the heaviest natural liquid on the planet. According to alchemical theory, all the metals began in the liquid state on deep in the earth, but only mercury was able to retain it original innocence and life force and resist taking on a final form, and for that reason, the ancients called it Mercurius vivens (the “living mercury”). This silvery liquid metal (also known as “Quicksilver”) was known to ancient Chinese and Hindus before 2000 BC and has been found in sacred tubes in Egyptian tombs dated from 1500 BC. It was first used to form alloys with other metals around 500 BC. The Greeks applied germ-killing ability of mercury in healing ointments (to the benefit of those afflicted with wounds and skin infections), and in the Middle Ages, Paracelsus used it successfully to treat syphilis. However, the ancient Romans applied mercury compounds for long-term use in cosmetics, and many beautiful women eventually died of its cumulative poisonous effects. Today, many popular brands of eye makeup still contain low levels of mercury.In the East, metallic mercury was the main ingredient in most Tantric medicinal preparations. In his travels through India, Marco Polo observed that many people drank a concoction of mercury and sulfur twice monthly from early childhood with no observable ill effects. They believed the drink gave them longevity. Tantric alchemists in India still take metallic mercury in place of food as an elixir of life, although they caution that the body must be perfectly attuned and strengthened to tolerate the intense cosmic infusion of life force. In Indian alchemy, mercury is called rasa, which refers to the subtle essence that is the origin of all forms of matter. The cosmic chaos from which the universe sprang is called the Rasasara or “Sea of Mercury.” The craft of alchemy is referred to as Rasayana or “Knowledge of Mercury.” Go outside on the night of the full moon and gaze up at the silver orb. Relax and try to focus all your attention on the surface of the moon. Relax completely with an open and quiet mind. Become empty and let our closest planetary body influence you. Do this until you feel a real connection. Now, pick up piece of silver jewelry or dinnerware, and hold it in your left hand until it gets warm. You should be able to feel a liquid-like sensation of cool metallic energy. This is what alchemists refer to as the “call of silver.” You are experiencing the metal’s true signature or living correspondence with the moon itself. Try to remember how this feels in your body. Has the taste in your mouth changed? Has your eyesight altered? How does your skin feel.The alchemists prepared an Oil of Silver they used to treat disorders of the brain and cerebellum, reduce stress, balance emotions, improve memory, treat nervous disorders and epilepsy, improve both melancholia and mania. It was also used as a physical purgative and mental purifier. It was said to affect the subconscious mind, see into the past clearly, remove fears and blockages, allow one to unwind, produce “homey” feelings, give a feeling of grace and sensitivity, and enhanced imagination.Using elaborate mixing and heating techniques, Egyptian alchemists tried making gold by changing the proportions of the Four Elements in the base metals or by attempting to speed up natural growth of lesser metals into gold. Around 100 AD, Egyptian alchemist Maria Prophetissa used mercury and sulfur to try to make gold. Around 300 AD, the alchemist Zosimos, whose recipes often came to him in dreams, was working to transmute copper. “The soul of copper,” he wrote must be purified until it receives the sheen of gold and turns into the royal metal of the Sun." A technique known as "diplosis" (“doubling”) of gold became popular. One such recipe called for heating a mixture of two parts gold with one part each of silver and copper. After appropriate alchemical charging that brought the seed of gold alive, twice as much of a gold as originally added was produced. Egyptian alchemists believed that the gold acted as a seed in metals, especially copper and silver. According to their view, the seed of gold grew, eating the copper and silver as food, until the whole mixture was transformed into pure gold.Gold is a stubbornly pure metal when it comes to reacting or even associating with “lesser” elements. That signature explains a lot of the chemical characteristics of gold. Unlike nearly every other metal, there are no plants that contain even trace amounts of metallic gold. There are very few gold ores, because the noblest metal never alloys with the baser metals, but does alloy with the noble metal silver and makes an amalgam with mercury.Gold is extremely ductile, malleable, and sectile, and so soft it can be cut with a knife, which makes gold impractical to use for tools. It is also very heavy. A gold bar is twice as heavy as an equal-sized bar of lead. Furthermore, gold embodies an inner equilibrium of forces that make it pretty much indestructible. Gold never tarnishes like copper or silver or rust like iron and, whether found buried in the ground, at the bottom of the ocean, in an ancient tomb, or in the ring on your finger, it always looks the same. It cannot be damaged by heat and was considered completely inalterable until around 1100 AD, when alchemists concocted a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids known as Agua Regia (“Royal Water”) that could dissolve gold. The immortal metal is endlessly recycled, and all the gold known today is very nearly equal to all the gold that has ever been mined. One ounce of gold can be stretched into a single wire 35 miles long, or it can be beaten to just a few atoms thick. It is the most flexible, enduring, and beautiful of all metals.
Gold shows a distinct affinity for sulfur and forms an ore with a rare element called tellurium. It is one of the few elements gold easily bonds with. In fact, telluride is rarely found without gold. Gold also appears in minerals that are part of a group of tellurium sulfides called the tellurides. However, the amount of gold in these minerals is really miniscule next to the amount of gold found in its native metallic state. Native gold seems to like the company of the purest white quartz and is also found mixed with deposits of pyrite and a few other sulfide minerals. Gold is six times rarer than silver, and it takes about three tons of gold ore to extract an ounce of gold metal.Around the world, nearly every culture associated their supreme god or goddess with gold. For many centuries only the images of gods graced gold coins, until Alexander the Great began the trend of rulers’ images appearing on gold coins around 30 BC. Even the most primitive societies recognize the sacred properties of gold. For example, the Makuna tribes of modern Brazil believe that gold contains “the light of the sun and stars." The chemical symbol for gold (Au) comes from the Latin word aurum meaning "gold.” The alchemical cipher for gold is a rendition of the sun (A), and gold was considered a kind of congealed light. Sol is the King of alchemy, and his royal purple-red color is revealed in gold colloidal solutions, and red is his symbolic color. Sol Philosophorum was the name the alchemists gave to this living spirit of gold, which they saw as the refined essence of heat and fire. Gold was known and considered sacred from earliest times. Gold became popular because it reminded people of the sun with its warm, life-giving properties. Because of its imperishability, the ancient Chinese thought that gold conveyed immortality to its owners. Egyptian inscriptions dating back to 2600 BC describe these same associations with gold. Gold replaced bartering around 3500 BC when the people of Mesopotamia started using it as a kind of money because of it eternal value. By 2800 BC, gold was being fashioned into standardized weights in the form of rings. People started carried black stones called “touchstones” onto which they scraped a piece of gold to leave a streak. Depending on the brightness of the streak, one could estimate how much gold was in the sample. Around 1500 BC, Mesopotamian alchemists discovered a process for purifying gold known as "cuppellation," which involved heating impure gold in a porcelain cup called a “cuppel.” Impurities were absorbed by the porcelain, leaving a button of pure gold behind. Later alchemists used cuppels to test the quality of their transmutations.Using elaborate mixing and heating techniques, Egyptian alchemists tried making gold by changing the proportions of the Four Elements in the base metals or by attempting to speed up natural growth of lesser metals into gold. Around 100 AD, Egyptian alchemist Maria Prophetissa used mercury and sulfur to try to make gold. Around 300 AD, the alchemist Zosimos, whose recipes often came to him in dreams, was working to transmute copper. “The soul of copper,” he wrote must be purified until it receives the sheen of gold and turns into the royal metal of the Sun." A technique known as "diplosis" (“doubling”) of gold became popular. One such recipe called for heating a mixture of two parts gold with one part each of silver and copper. After appropriate alchemical charging that brought the seed of gold alive, twice as much of a gold as originally added was produced. Egyptian alchemists believed that the gold acted as a seed in metals, especially copper and silver. According to their view, the seed of gold grew, eating the copper and silver as food, until the whole mixture was transformed into pure gold.According to the medieval alchemists, Nature sought continually to create the perfection achieved in gold, and they looked at every metal as gold in the making. Alchemists also thought that the objective of every metal was to become gold, and every metal was tested for corrosion and strength and ranked as to how far it was from gold. Many alchemists felt that mercury was the closest metal to gold and that it could be transmuted directly into gold. Their intuition was correct, for mercury can indeed be turned into gold. Gold and mercury are next to each other on the Periodic Table. Mercury is element 80 (has 80 protons) and gold is element 79 (has 79 protons). In the 1960s, physicists were able to knock out a proton in mercury atoms using neutron particle accelerators, and thereby create minute quantities of gold.Gold is at the head of the metals, paired with what in the medieval mind was the strongest planet, the Sun. The alchemists were obsessed with gold’s signature of perfection. Medieval Italian alchemist Bernard Trevisan speculated, "Is not gold merely the Sun’s beams condensed into a solid yellow?" Seventeenth-century alchemist John French asked fervently: “Is there no sperm in gold? Is it not possible to exalt it for multiplication? Is there no universal spirit in the world? Is it not possible to find that collected in One Thing which is dispersed in all things? What is that which makes gold incorruptible? What induced the philosophers to examine gold for the matter of their medicine? Was not all gold once living? Is there none of this living gold, the matter of philosophers, to be had anymore?”Gold is highly valued in the everyday world too. It is used as coinage and is a standard for monetary systems in many countries. It is used to make jewelry and artwork, and also in dentistry, electronics, and plating. Since it is an excellent reflector of infrared energy (such as emerges from the sun), the metal is used to coat space satellites and interstellar probes. Chlorauric acid is used in photography for toning the silver image. It is also used in medicine to treat degenerative diseases such as arthritis and cancer.Chemist Lilly Kolisko performed experiments with gold chloride and showed its chemical behavior coincided with events that altered the strength of the sun, such as the weakening in solar forces during solar eclipses or their increase during the summer solstice. Moreover, she found that both silver and gold salts seemed to be equally influenced by the sun. In the case of silver, it was the forms or patterns that changed, whereas in the gold, it was the colors that changed. Silver shapes moved from jagged spikes to smooth rolling forms but the colors remained hues of grey, while the basic shape of gold patterns remained the same but the colors changed from brilliant yellows through violet to reddish-purple hues. This work presents an amazing confirmation of how the King and Queen, Sol and Luna, work together in creation, with the female principle representing soul and form and the male principle representing spirit and energy. Kolisko’s innovative work with the metals is presented in the Appendix. Her work has been duplicated by dozens of other chemists and has been confirmed many times.The signatures of gold are invoked in rituals, magical spells, and talismans concerning solar deities, the male force, authority, self-confidence, creativity, financial riches, investments, fortune, hope, health, and worldly and magical power. Gold talismans can be very expensive, but you can make one of gold colored cardboard or write the symbols on it with gold paint or plate an object with gold. Gold jewelry is said to improve self-confidence and inner strength. To charge water with the signature of gold, put a gold object in a glass of water and let sit in the sunlight for 6-10 hours.During sunrise or sunset, face the sun and try to feel it archetypal presence. If not too bright, gaze into the rising or setting sun and try to see the metallic solar disk of which the Egyptian alchemists spoke. Relax and try to focus all your attention on the golden sphere. Relax completely with an open and quiet mind. Become empty and let the presence at the center of our solar system influence you. Do this until you feel a real connection with the distant sun. Continue facing the sun as you pick up a piece of gold jewelry or a vial of pure gold flakes (such as sold in some novelty shops) into your right palm. You should be able to feel a electric warmth building. That eerie, warm vibration is not your imagination. It is what alchemists refer to as the “call of gold” – the resonation of the metal with its “planet.” You are experiencing the metal’s true signature or living correspondence, and for gold, this is the most perfect expression of all materials. If you can connect with this archetype, you will realize that it a very personal as well as divine presence. As Above, so Below. This is perfection on all levels of your mind, body, and soul resonating with the perfection inherent in the Whole Universe.For those with weaker wills or loss of contact with the divine presence, gold represents a psychological cure. The solar essences gives great ambition, courage, self-re-liance, dignity, authority, and the ability to manage oneself and others. The creative principle, no matter how small and insignificant it is within us can be enhanced to a great degree by tapping into the solar archetype. Just as the Sun represents the di-vine creative force in our immediate solar system, gold represents the same thing in our inner temperament. For lasting manifestation, the golden temperament needs to be firmly grounded in the world, and the danger at this phase of transformation is that the individual become too focused on the workings Above and forget his or her connection to the real world. Gold and the blazing Sun correspond to personal ambition, courage, and creative energy and vitality, but without a constant effort to remain pure and alive in the real world, the golden temperament can quickly transmute into the leaden qualities of despair, poor self esteem, lack of confidence, and impurity. Most important for the golden temperament, however, is to realize that once having reached this plateau, one has certain personal and karmic obligations. The golden attitude of this temperament is what brings the rewards of health, wealth, and happiness through synchonistic responses from the universe. Go against these archetypal powers at this level of achievement and even the slightest deviation from the golden path of righteousness and personal integrity can have disastrous and immediate consequences. The alchemists transmuted the Gold temperament using the operation of Coagulation.Chrysotherapy is the name given to healing with gold. The mystical metal has been used for both spiritual and medical purposes as far back as ancient Egypt. Over 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians used gold in dentistry and ingested it for mental, bodily, and spiritual purification. The ancients believed that gold in the body worked by stimulating the life force and raising the level of vibration on all levels. In Alexandria, alchemists developed a powerful elixir known as “liquid gold,” which reportedly had the ability to restore youth and perfect health. In ancient Rome, gold salves were used for the treatment of skin ulcers, and today, gold leaf plays an important role in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers. The great alchemist and founder of modern medicine, Paracelsus, developed many highly successful medicines from metallic minerals including gold. In medieval Europe, gold-coated pills and “gold waters” were extremely popular. Alchemists mixed powdered gold into drinks to "comfort sore limbs," and today, it is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the 1900s, surgeons implanted a $5.00 gold piece under the skin near an inflamed joint, such as a knee or elbow. In China, peasants still cook their rice with a gold coin in order to help replenish gold in their bodies, and fancy Chinese restaurants put 24-karat gold-leaf in their food preparations.The alchemists believed that gold represented the perfection of matter, and that its presence in the body would enliven, rejuvenate, and cure a multitude of “dis-eases.” Gold is never corrodes or even tarnishes, is completely non-toxic, and exhibits no interactions with other drugs. Gold is the only heavy metal that has a right-hand atomic spin and is therefore easily tolerated by the body.The alchemists believed that gold represented the perfection of matter, and that its presence in the body would enliven, rejuvenate, and cure a multitude of “dis-eases.” Gold is never corrodes or even tarnishes, is completely non-toxic, and exhibits no interactions with other drugs. Gold is the only heavy metal that has a right-hand atomic spin and is therefore easily tolerated by the body.Sun-ruled plants affect the soul in its positive phase of manifestation, which manifests on the personal level as our idea of ourselves as a progressive unified entity. Solar herbs help us realize our evolutionary epoch as an individual among many other individuals, helping to synthesize and synchronize our goals with those of the macrocosm. In this sense they are ego fortifiers, but with a divine purpose.Solar herbs heal inferiority complexes, bolstering people and giving them a sense of purpose beyond the norm. The Sun represents the Christ and Osiris consciousness in man, as well as Hercules in his monumental strength. For those with weaker wills, Sun ruled herbs will provide the springboard for more posi-tive action; they also bestow the quality of generosity to our souls. Solar plants, when alchemically charged, will reveal the divine purpose of our solar system, and will let you be-come aware of the will of God in manifestation. Solar essences give great ambition.
“things only exist if they are told/narrated”
(attributed to Alessandro Baricco);
“le cose esistono solo se vengono raccontate”
(attribuita ad Alessandro Baricco).
POSTER - LOCANDINA –
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This "photographic story" ideally follows the previous one, for two reasons, first because in this case too, as in the previous story we talk about "angels", they are the "Golden Angels" of San Pier Niceto (in the province of Messina), and second, because this singular and beautiful religious festival, with its procession, also takes place during the Easter period, specifically during "Holy Tuesday". The photographs that I post (not a few, I wish in this way to pay homage to the inhabitants of San Pier Niceto, who can find themselves in these photos, especially for those fathers, mothers, grandfathers, grandmothers, aunts and uncles, in seeing their beloved and very sweet "angels - angiolette"); if you look closely at some of the photographed subjects, you will notice a "temporal disconnect", in fact in some cases, the same girls are present, with two different ages, they will be dressed differently, this is because the photos were taken during Holy Tuesday of 2024 and that of 2025. The temporal sequence of the photographs does not take into account either the year in which they were taken, nor the moments attributable to the phases of the ceremony and subsequent procession.
In San Pier Niceto, on the Peloritani Mountains in Sicily, during the Holy Tuesday takes place the SS. Crucifix procession, whose roots are ancient. The Church of St. James houses and cares for the precious Crucifix, Which is brought to the procession by the streets of the country preceded by very young children, of both sexes, who imitate little Angels, Angels and Grieving young Nuns, dressed in elaborate dresses covered with many gold jewelery, sewn by handy hands that with pins, necklaces , Bracelets and many other gold jewelry applied to their little clothes, they make real works of art whose designs are reminiscent of Easter symbols. Gold for dressing is collected home from home by people who have to melt a "vote", gold that will be returned at the end of the procession. Everything begins during Lent when parents decide to dress their baby by little Angels, Angels or Grieving Nuns .The Little Angels are usually 3 or 4 year olds, the Angels are a little bigger, the Nuns are little young girls. Thus the preparations for the elaboration of the elaborate clothes begin: Parents during Lent are knocking at every door of the country, among friends and relatives, to borrow bracelets, brooches, necklaces and all the gold necessary for the composition of embroidery . The Little Angel's dress is white, short down to the knee, made up of a gold-plated bodice and a skirt with some golden embroidery; Arms are adorned by bracelets, the head is adorned by a collier, small wings (white dove feathers) sprout from behind. The Angels have a white tunic, on which sacred icons are embroidered in gold, the head is covered by a collier, wings lie on their shoulders. The Nun's dress is black, on which are stitched the crowns of the S.S. Rosary, on the head is placed a white veil, held by a rose crown. At 16:30 on Holy Tuesday, a tapping of bells together with the band's fanfare in the village, set off at the "Crucifixion Procession" of San Pier Niceto: at the foot of the Crucifix there are red roses, behind it are located branches of cypress (at the end of the event the faithful will carry with them a piece of cypress as a relic), finally the red ribbons are tied to the arms of the Crucifix, they will mark the procession of the procession until the arrival at the Mother Church, a century church to St. Peter the Apostle, where the celebration of the Holy Mass will take place (the reverse path will bring the SS Crucifix to the Church of St. James): in perfect order the faithful in religious silence, with votive candles in their hands, walk the streets of the country never crossing the red ribbons as they delimit the path of the Golden Little Angels, Angels and the Grieving young Nuns .
Questo "racconto fotografico" segue idealmente il precedente, per due motivi, innanzitutto perchè anche in questo caso, come nel racconto precedente si parla di "angeli", sono "gli Angioletti d'oro" di San Pier Niceto (in provincia di Messina), e secondo, perchè questa singolare e bella festa religiosa, con la sua processione, si svolge anch'essa durante il periodo pasquale, nello specifico durante il "Martedì Santo". Le fotografie che posto (non poche, desidero in tal modo omaggiare gli abitanti di San Pier Niceto, che possano ritrovarsi in queste foto, soprattutto per quei papà, mamme, nonni, nonne, zie e zii, nel rivedere i loro adorati e dolcissimi "angioletti - angiolette"); a ben guardare in alcuni dei soggetti fotografati, si noterà uno "scollamento temportale", infatti in qualche caso, sono presenti le stessi bimbe, con due età diverse, saranno vestite diversamente, questo perchè le foto sono state realizzate durante il Martedì Santo del 2024 e quello del 2025. La sequenza temporale delle fotografie non tiene conto nè dell'anno nel quale sono state realizzate, nè dei momenti ascrivibili alle fasi della cerimonia e successiva processione.
A San Pier Niceto, sui monti Peloritani in Sicilia, durante il Martedì Santo prende vita la processione per le vie del paese del SS. Crocifisso, le cui radici sono antichissime. La Chiesa di San Giacomo ospita e custodisce il pregevole Crocifisso, che viene portato in processione per le vie del paese preceduto da bambini anche molto piccoli, di entrambi i sessi, che impersonano Angioletti ed Addoloratine vestiti con elaboratissimi abiti ricoperti con tantissimi monili d’oro, cuciti dalle mani abili di sarte che con spille, collane, bracciali e tanti altri monili in oro applicati sui loro piccoli vestiti, realizzano vere opere d’arte i cui disegni ricordano simboli pasquali. L’oro per la realizzazione dei vestitini viene raccolto di casa in casa da persone che hanno da sciogliere un “voto”, oro che verrà restituito alla fine della processione. Tutto ha inizio durante la Quaresima, quando dei genitori decidono per “voto” di vestire il proprio bambino da Angioletto, Angiolone o Monachella.
Gli Angioletti sono solitamente bimbi di 3 o 4 anni, gli Angioloni sono un po’ più grandi, le Monachelle sono delle bambine. Così iniziano i preparativi per la realizzazione degli elaboratissimi vestiti: i genitori durante la Quaresima bussano ad ogni porta del paese, tra la cerchia di amici e parenti, per prendere in prestito bracciali, spille, collane e tutto l’oro necessario alla composizione dei ricami. Il vestito degli Angioletti è bianco, corto fino al ginocchio, composto da un corpetto ricoperto d’oro ed una gonna segnata da alcuni ricami d’oro; le braccia sono adornate da bracciali, la testa è adornata da un collier, da dietro le spalle spuntano delle piccole ali (piume di colomba bianca). Gli Angioloni hanno una tunica bianca sulla quale vengono ricamate delle icone sacre in oro, la testa è cinta da un collier, sulle spalle trovano posto delle ali. Il vestito delle Monachelle invece è nero, sul quale vengono cucite delle coroncine del S.S. Rosario, sul capo viene posto un velo bianco, trattenuto da una corona di rose. Alle 16:30 del Martedì Santo un rintocco di campane insieme alla fanfare della banda del paese, danno il via alla “Processione del Crocifisso” di San Pier Niceto: ai piedi della Croce vi sono delle rose rosse, dietro di essa trovano posto dei rami di cipresso (alla fine dell’evento i fedeli porteranno con se un pezzetto di rametto come reliquia), infine dei nastri rossi vengono legati alle braccia del Crocifisso, essi segneranno il percorso della processione, fino all’arrivo al Duomo, una chiesa cinquecentesca dedicata a San Pietro apostolo, ove si terrà la celebrazione della Santa Messa ( il percorso inverso riporterà il S.S. Crocifisso nella Chiesa di San Giacomo): in perfetto ordine i fedeli in religioso silenzio, con ceri votivi in mano, percorrono le vie del paese, non oltrepassando i nastri rossi poiché essi delimitano il percorso degli Angioletti d’oro e delle Addoloratine.
Let the morning rise, it is time for a new day.
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“Man is a mystery. It needs to be unravelled, and if you spend your whole life unravelling it, don't say that you've wasted time. I am studying that mystery because I want to be a human being.”
― Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Não existe fórmula única para o sucesso, pois há diversos caminhos para se chegar lá. Você já deve ter ouvido isso diversas vezes, mas sempre vale a pena lembrar: há mais pessoas que desistem do que pessoas que fracassam.
Se você desistir, restará sempre a dúvida do "se". Nem sempre é possível conseguir da primeira vez, e isso não representa motivos para a desistência pura e simples.
Só erra quem tenta e a melhor forma de aprendizado é por meio da análise e entendimento dos próprios erros. Aprendemos muito mais com os erros do que com os acertos, mesmo porque sempre quando acertamos tocamos em frente e não damos conta do caminho que utilizamos para conseguir acertar.
Lembre-se de que quem bate esquece, quem apanha não esquece jamais, e vai sempre se lembrar do tombo ou da surra que levou e, principalmente, recordar-se-á da forma, dos atores e demais condicionantes do cenário em que o erro aconteceu.
Os alpinistas quando escalam uma montanha, os exploradores quando entram em uma caverna e os navegantes de mares abertos sempre registram o caminho trilhado para saber o que terão de fazer na viagem de retorno, ou para empreenderem uma nova viagem.
O mesmo se aplica em nossas vidas. É importante conhecer o caminho do sucesso e registrá-lo para repeti-lo novamente.
Boa sorte na conquista de sua liberdade!
Texto: Luiz Roberto Carnier. Adaptação do livro: "Marketing Silencioso - Quando a Propaganda Não é a Alma do Negócio".