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The first part with the bad alcohols is already separated. Now the middle run is flowing slowly out, and you're allowed to even taste it with the finger. You will not drink it, as it has still around 80% volume alcohol.
When the alcohol drops below 70%, the after run will be separated out.
The New Energy Ethanol Plant at South Bend has been shut down for the near future. Here are the distillation columns.
Photographed using a Nikon F with the Nikkor 35mm f/1.4 lens on Kodak Vision 3 500T tungsten balanced motion picture film. Wratten 85 filter used for daylight color correction. Developed in Rollei/Compard Digibase C-41.
Raman scattering from distilled water of a 532nm laser beam. The signal is cleaned with a BG38 filter to remove the pumping light from the Nd YAG laser and the OG570 (orange) filter to attenuate the Rayleigh scattered 532nm laser line.
The signal is weak and required six 10s integrations with the JAZ spectrometer.
These Raman peaks are associated with symmetric and antisymmetric vibration modes at 3.3 and 3.4 Āµm and with bending and libration modes at longer wavelengths.
More explanation:
The water molecule, H_2 O absorbs light at many, many different wavelengths and, for the Earth, is responsible for approximately 70% of the absorption of Solar radiation by the atmosphere ( www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/vibrat.html#comp ). The strongest absorption occurs in the infrared part of the spectrum but a series of weaker vibration bands extends all the way through the visible spectum and causes the blue colour of clear deep water and of the transparent regions of icebergs and glaciers ( www.flickr.com/photos/bob_81667/6309336354/ ).
The visible spectrum of water can be used to obtain information about the much stronger absorptions in the infrared spectrum. For this, in addition to a spectrometer, a laser operating in the blue or green is used.
In 1930, the Nobel Prize for physics was awarded to Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him" ( www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1930/pr... ). His discovery and interpretation of the "Raman Effect" gave an enormous boost to the understanding of the behaviour of molecules in solids, liquids and gases - especially before the techniques of infrared spectroscopy became widely available.
By shining a reasonably powerful laser beam through a sample of water, enough of the incident photons can interact with (scatter from) the water molecules and emerge in a different direction. Rayleigh scattering - responsible for the blue of the clear daytime sky - is the scattering of photons without change of wavelength. Raman discovered that a small fraction of the photons (from a filtered mercury lamp rather than a laser in his case) emerged at longer, or even less frequently, shorter wavelengths in the form of discrete spectral lines or bands. The pattern of these lines when measured in energy units relative to the incoming photons (usually inverse cm) was the same regardless of the colour of the input beam. He realised that the energy difference between one of these lines and the input photons represented a transition in the molecule that normally involved a photon in the infrared. This process essentially shifted the infrared spectrum of the molecule into the much more accessible visible spectrum where he could do photographic spectrography. He also realised and understood that the Raman scattered light, unlike Rayleigh scattering, was only weakly polarised or even completely unpolarised.
Raman scattering is nowadays used extensively for a wide range of sample testing and identification.
SEOmoz CEO Rand Fishkin giving his SEO (Search Engine Optimization) Head-To-Head presentation on Day 2 of the ProSEO Seminar in Boston, 2011 - Distilled Conference.
Steve Jobs of Apple - "Silicon Valley Tuxedo"
Lemongrass essential oil distilled at the Chisapani Community Forest User Group headquarters.
Photo by Chandra Shekhar Karki/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Distilled from sorghum and usually around 100 proof, baijiu is a decidedly potent Chinese spirit but an essential part of any special occasion. Pictured here are probably the two most famous (and pricey!) brands, Maotai and Wuliangye, although I'm more fond of the latter.
HAMMOND DISTILLING CO. -- HAMMOND IND.
Date: Circa 1910
Source Type: Postcard
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Unknown (#48-55)
Postmark: None
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: Once located at the southeast corner of present day Calumet Avenue and 150th Street, the Hammond Distilling Company was established in December 1902. The plant had a capacity of up to 25,000 gallons of whiskey a day, but was forced to close in 1917 due to prohibition being enacted in many of the communities and counties in which the beverage was being sold.
Copyright 2006. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
L'alambicco ĆØ un apparecchio di distillazione consistente in una caldaia collegata, mediante un tubo, ad una serpentina di raffreddamento, al fondo del quale si raccoglie il distillato.
La distillazione ĆØ una tecnica di separazione che sfrutta la differenza dei punti di ebollizione delle diverse sostanze presenti in una miscela. Ć usata sia per separare miscele complesse che per purificare sostanze.
Ć una tecnica nota sin dal Medioevo, applicata principalmente alla produzione di bevande alcoliche. Oggi trova applicazione in numerosi processi chimici, il piĆ¹ importante dei quali ĆØ indubbiamente la separazione del petrolio greggio nei suoi diversi componenti.
Io l'ho usato come nel Medioevo! :-D
The stages of whiskey process include: Barley harvest ā Storage ā Drying and Screening ā Storage ā Steeping ā Malting ā Drying and Screening ā Milling ā Mashing ā Cooling ā Fermenting ā Triple Distillation ā Maturation ā Bottling
Caipirinha
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Caipirinha (Portuguese pronunciation: [kajpiĖɾĩjĢÉ]) is Brazil's national cocktail, made with cachaƧa (pronounced: [kaĖŹasÉ]) (sugarcane hard liquor), sugar and lime.[2] CachaƧa, also known as pinga, caninha, or any one of a multitude of traditional names, is Brazil's most common distilled alcoholic beverage. Although both rum and cachaƧa are made from sugarcane-derived products, in cachaƧa the alcohol results from the fermentation of fresh sugarcane juice that is then distilled, while rum is usually made from refinery by-products such as molasses.[3]
The drink is prepared by muddling the fruit and the sugar together, and adding the liquor. This can be made into a single glass, usually large, that can be shared amongst people, or into a larger jar, from where it is served in individual glasses.
History
Although the real origins of caipirinha, as it is known today, are unknown, according to one account it began around 1918 in the state of SĆ£o Paulo with a popular recipe made with lime, garlic and honey, indicated for patients with the Spanish flu. Today it is still being used as a remedy for the common cold. As it was quite common to add some distilled spirits to home remedies, in order to expedite the therapeutic effect, rum was commonly used. "Until one day someone decided to remove the garlic and honey. Then added a few tablespoons sugar to reduce the acidity of lime. The ice came next, to ward off the heat," explains Carlos Lima, executive director of IBRAC (Brazilian Institute of CachaƧa).[4][5]
The caipirinha is the strongest national cocktail of Brazil[6] and is imbibed in restaurants, bars, and many households throughout the country. Once almost unknown outside Brazil, the drink has become more popular and more widely available in recent years, in large part due to the rising availability of first-rate brands of cachaƧa outside Brazil.[7] The International Bartenders Association has designated it as one of their Official Cocktails.[8]
Name
pirinha is the diminutive of the word caipira, which in Brazilian Portuguese refers to someone from the countryside (specifically, someone from the rural parts of south-central Brazil), being similar to US English hillbilly or the Lowland Scots teuchter. Caipira is a two-gender noun. The diminutive mostly refers to the drink in which case it is a feminine noun.
Variations
Although Brazilian law (Decree 6.871[9] based on Normative Ruling 55, from Oct. 31, 2008)[10] as well as the International Bartenders Association (IBA)[8] allow the use of the name caipirinha for the version with lime only, the term is often used to describe any cachaƧa-and-fruit-juice drink with the fruit's name (e.g. a passionfruit caipirinha, kiwifruit caipirinha or strawberry caipirinha).[citation needed]
Caipifruta is a very popular caipirinha drink in Brazil, consisting of cachaƧa, crushed fresh fruits (either singly or in combination), and crushed ice. The most popular fresh fruits used to create caipifrutas are tangerine, lime, kiwifruit, passion fruit, pineapple, lemon, grapes, mango, cajƔ (Spondias mombin fruit), and caju (cashew fruit).
Derivations[edit]
There are many derivations of caipirinha in which other spirits substitute for cachaƧa. Some include:
Caipinheger is another variation made using SteinhƤger.[11]
CaipirĆ£o is another Portuguese variation made using Licor BeirĆ£o instead of cachaƧa. BeirĆ£o liquor is very sweet, so no sugar is used.[12]
British Caipirinha (also called Caipibrit) is a variation made with gin instead of cachaƧa.[citation needed]
A variation from Italy is made using Campari instead of cachaƧa.[13]
Photos scanned from "Bundy A Centenary History" a book written by Keith Dunstan for Bundaberg Distilling Company Pty Ltd.
1908 postmarked postcard view of The Hammond Distilling Company in Hammond, Indiana. The photographer was near the south end of the Calumet Avenue Bridge over the Grand Calumet River and looking north. The distillery buildings extended north from the river to near 150th Street.
The postcard was mailed at Hammond and was addressed to Mrs. Martha Crane in Burford, Ontario. The individual who sent the postcard and the recipient were probably postcard collectors. They may have connected via one of the advertisements routinely placed in popular magazines. The postcard message read, āReceived your pretty card. Many thanks. This card shows where all of our drinking water is distilled. Edna.ā
Edna either didnāt know or didnāt want to admit that this industrial facility was in the business of making whiskey rather than providing drinking water to Hammond residents. Prohibition was a hot issue in those days and changes in state law led to the closing of a few thousand saloons in the first decade of the 20th century. Ultimately, the state enacted prohibition legislation that took effect in April, 1918.
One of the signs in the distance was on the side of a building along the east side of Calumet Avenue. It advertised C. SEIPP ______. The Conrad Seipp Brewery was located in Chicago, but had branches in Hammond, Whiting and elsewhere. The 1915 Sanbornā¢ fire insurance map set for Hammond shows a saloon in a two-story brick building just north of 150th Street. This sign was probably painted on that building. The other sign included the word HOTEL and was either on a taller building north of the saloon or mounted on top of the saloon. The name of the hotel is unclear.
From a private collection.
The full postcard image can be seen here.
www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/28870649727/i...
Copyright 2011-2018 Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This creative JPG file package is an original compilation of materials and data. The package is unique, consisting of a wide variety of related and integrated components. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.
1908 postmarked postcard view of The Hammond Distilling Company in Hammond, Indiana. The photographer was near the south end of the Calumet Avenue Bridge over the Grand Calumet River and looking north. The distillery buildings extended north from the river to near 150th Street.
The postcard was mailed at Hammond and was addressed to Mrs. Martha Crane in Burford, Ontario. The individual who sent the postcard and the recipient were probably postcard collectors. They may have connected via one of the advertisements routinely placed in popular magazines. The postcard message read, āReceived your pretty card. Many thanks. This card shows where all of our drinking water is distilled. Edna.ā
Edna either didnāt know or didnāt want to admit that this industrial facility was in the business of making whiskey rather than providing drinking water to Hammond residents. Prohibition was a hot issue in those days and changes in state law led to the closing of a few thousand saloons in the first decade of the 20th century. Ultimately, the state enacted prohibition legislation that took effect in April, 1918.
One of the signs in the distance was on the side of a building along the east side of Calumet Avenue. It advertised C. SEIPP ______. The Conrad Seipp Brewery was located in Chicago, but had branches in Hammond, Whiting and elsewhere. The 1915 Sanbornā¢ fire insurance map set for Hammond shows a saloon in a two-story brick building just north of 150th Street. This sign was probably painted on that building. The other sign included the word HOTEL and was either on a taller building north of the saloon or mounted on top of the saloon. The name of the hotel is unclear.
From a private collection.
The full postcard image can be seen here.
www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/28870649727/i...
Copyright 2011-2018 Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This creative JPG file package is an original compilation of materials and data. The package is unique, consisting of a wide variety of related and integrated components. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.
The traditional method of distilling cashew fenny takes place on the hill. The cashew juice is put in a big pot called a Bhann. The Bhann serves as a closed boiler. It is connected to a smaller pot called Launni by means of a conduit. The Launni serves as a receiver or collector.
1908 postmarked postcard view of The Hammond Distilling Company in Hammond, Indiana. The photographer was near the south end of the Calumet Avenue Bridge over the Grand Calumet River and looking north. The distillery buildings extended north from the river to near 150th Street.
The postcard was mailed at Hammond and was addressed to Mrs. Martha Crane in Burford, Ontario. The individual who sent the postcard and the recipient were probably postcard collectors. They may have connected via one of the advertisements routinely placed in popular magazines. The postcard message read, āReceived your pretty card. Many thanks. This card shows where all of our drinking water is distilled. Edna.ā
Edna either didnāt know or didnāt want to admit that this industrial facility was in the business of making whiskey rather than providing drinking water to Hammond residents. Prohibition was a hot issue in those days and changes in state law led to the closing of a few thousand saloons in the first decade of the 20th century. Ultimately, the state enacted prohibition legislation that took effect in April, 1918.
One of the signs in the distance was on the side of a building along the east side of Calumet Avenue. It advertised C. SEIPP ______. The Conrad Seipp Brewery was located in Chicago, but had branches in Hammond, Whiting and elsewhere. The 1915 Sanbornā¢ fire insurance map set for Hammond shows a saloon in a two-story brick building just north of 150th Street. This sign was probably painted on that building. The other sign included the word HOTEL and was either on a taller building north of the saloon or mounted on top of the saloon. The name of the hotel is unclear.
From a private collection.
The other side of this postcard image can be seen here.
www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/28870649727/i...
Copyright 2011-2018 Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This creative JPG file package is an original compilation of materials and data. The package is unique, consisting of a wide variety of related and integrated components. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.
Part of my final project for my analogue class entitled 'Distilling Thoughts: an investigation into genres'.
We had to look into a specific genre of photography and 'warp' it, somewhat. I chose portraiture.
My work investigates the insecurities we all possess. Through concealing the face of subjects, the people presented lose fragments of their identity. My main motive behind the action of concealing their faces is to expose the fact that we all have faults and fears which we wish to hide from society and those who are particularly close to us. We all have things to be ashamed of and sometimes we try to fool ourselves and we let things slip and allow people to see beyond our 'veil'.
This is a beaker being filled with liquid oxygen for our demonstration showing the substance's paramagnetism. When dropped between the poles of a large electromagnet, the liquid will stay suspended in mid-air. The eerie greenish blue glow certainly doesn't hurt the other-worldly effect.