View allAll Photos Tagged Dehydration
Like millions of people all over the world, I am watching the horrific events in Ukraine unfold; some in real-time on BBC NEWS 24 rolling news. Children (and some adults) in Mariupol have, and are dying of dehydration. They are surrounded by Russian troops who will not allow them to leave. These people have no food, no water. They risk their lives daily, leaving what little shelter they have, to go find water ….. in puddles, in sewers.
I have to keep reminding myself it’s 2022.
I’m constantly questioning the concept of “humanity”.
I despair but something makes me act. I honestly don’t know what that is.
I made this picture after witnessing the targeted bombing on a theatre in Mariupol where between 500 and 1200 people were sheltering. Two very large signs were painted on the ground outside the theatre. These signs simply read “CHILDREN”. The signs were clearly visible from satellites in space.
They would have been clearly visible from the air; and yet Putin’s troops were ordered to strike these defenceless women and children with WMD’s (WEAPONS of MASS DESTRUCTION).
CAN YOU HELP?
Millions of ordinary Ukrainians have lost their loved one’s, their homes, their livelihoods.
Many of these people now have no access to food, clean clothing, warm blankets, shelter, and clean running water.
Please donate if you can, to:
The INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS (HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN UKRAINE) :
www.icrc.org/en/where-we-work/europe-central-asia/ukraine
The DISASTERS EMERGENCY COMMITTY (DEC - UKRAINE HUMANITARIAN APPEAL) :
www.dec.org.uk/?gclid=CjwKCAiAvaGRBhBlEiwAiY-yMLlwl8yvJkI...
Thank you for not looking away.
Hypersonic missiles:
A hypersonic missile travels at speeds of Mach 5 and higher – five times faster than the speed of sound (3836 mph), which is around 1 mile per second. Some missiles, such as Russia’s upcoming Kh-47M2 Kinzhal air-launched ballistic missile, are allegedly capable of reaching Mach 10 speeds (7672 mph) and distances up to 1200 miles.
Russia's military has fired a hypersonic ballistic missile and destroyed a big underground arms depot in western Ukraine, the defence ministry in Moscow has said.
If confirmed it would be Russia's first use in this war of the Kinzhal, or Dagger, ballistic missile launched from the air, most likely by a MiG-31 warplane. There is currently no operational or reliable method of intercepting them.
SOURCE : BBC NEWS March 2022
Thermobaric Missiles:
The thermobaric weapon, also known as an aerosol bomb or fuel air explosive, is a two-stage munition.
The first-stage charge distributes an aerosol made up of very fine material – from a carbon-based fuel to tiny metal particles. A second charge ignites that cloud, creating a fireball, a huge shock wave, and a vacuum as it sucks up all surrounding oxygen.
The blast wave can last for significantly longer than a conventional explosive and is capable of vaporising human bodies.
The use of such weapons has yet to be independently confirmed, though footage from Ukraine has shown thermobaric rocket launchers on Russia’s TOS-1 vehicles.
Dr Marcus Hellyer, senior analyst at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, said while it was not clear if they had been deployed yet by Russia in Ukraine, it was only “a matter of time”.
SOURCE: The Guardian (Highly regarded British Newspaper) March 2022
Chemical and Biological Weapons:
Biological weapons are armed with disease-causing micro-organisms such as viruses, bacteria or other toxins.
They are produced and launched to spread disease and death among people, to target animals and infect livestock and to destroy agriculture, causing food shortages.
The weapons can be delivered by missiles, bombs, hand grenades and rockets, or spray-tanks grafted to aircraft, cars, trucks and boats.
Chemical weapons use toxins or chemical substances that attack the body’s system and are banned by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1997.
Unlike biological weapons, which could take several days to cause maximum harm to victims by spreading diseases, chemical weapons are designed to cause death or injury more quickly.
They can use choking agents to attack the lungs and respiratory system, causing the victim to drown in their own lungs’ secretions.
Other blistering agents, such as mustard gas, can be used to burn and blind people.
Nerve agents, such as novichok, used by two Russian agents in the 2018 Salisbury attack, or VX, are the most toxic of known chemical warfare agents.
Russia could be planning a chemical or biological weapon attack in Ukraine - and "we should all be on the lookout", the White House has said.
They said they were "very concerned" about the risk the war could escalate, and particularly the possibility of Russia using non-conventional weapons.
This most likely refers to chemical weapons although the term also covers tactical (small-scale) nuclear weapons, biological weapons and dirty bombs.
"We've got good reason to be concerned," said one Western official.
They said this was partly because of what had been seen in other places where Russia has been engaged - notably Syria where chemical weapons were used by its allies.
SOURCE : BBC NEWS March 2022
SAM FENDER - HYPERSONIC MISSILES - PLAY
The heat
the sun
its getting to me
making me lose my sense
making me feel light headed
next thing you know
i am on the ground
not sure of my surroundings
feeling totally lost
passed out
so many things flowering now in our area, our garden, among them elderberry flowers: ready to be dried in the dehydrater and later to be consumed when the colder season comes back...
Your body is 80 percent fluid. Stop drinking and see what happens. Coherent thoughts vanish, skin grows clammy, and vital organs wrinkle.
Deprive your heart of spiritual water, and your dehydrated heart will send desperate messages—hopelessness, loneliness, resentment. Where do you find water for your soul? Jesus said, “If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink. He who believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water” (John 7:37-38).
Let Christ be the water of your soul. Church activities might hide a thirst, but only Christ quenches it. Drink him. Receive Christ’s work on the cross, the energy of his Spirit, his lordship over your life, his unending, unfailing love. Drink deeply and often. And out of you will flow rivers of living water.
From Max Lucado's Come Thirsty
Shot taken on July 4th 2012 on the summit of Mont Thabor (3.178 m) in the Hautes-Alpes (France), during my first night spent on that lovely mountain.
This is still an evening shot. The sunset was not clearly visible because of an utterly dense blanket of clouds and fog, a thunderstorm was also approaching... and... what you can see (perhaps I should say feel!) at high-altitude in moments like this is simply indescribable.
Everything we know of the plain, our beliefs, our points of comparison and reference, no longer exist, are just distant memories.
The wind was utterly strong, the cloud scenery was constantly evolving, visibility was restricted to a few meters, this is just a temporary opening that allows to see the ground of the summit (a bit dehydrated due to the thaw of July) which curves in direction of a still partially snowy ridge, unfortunately lost in the fog, with a cloud hit by a ray coming from the setting sun.
Image rather odd, I guess... but "rather strange that anonymous" as always I say :-)
_____________________
©Roberto Bertero, All Rights Reserved. This image is not available for use on websites, blogs or other media without the explicit written permission of the photographer.
... We found him lost in the Siccus Badlands, disoriented and dehydrated... But even after he recovered he couldn't remember his own name, let alone how he even got there. He was good with his hands, but it was his mind that surprised us.
We had to explain the rules, but he was a chess prodigy, and won his second game. I still remember how excited he got after his Rook moved in for Checkmate.
So... we thought "Rook" would be a good enough name for him.
And Rook took his new name to heart! Bless him, he decided to build a Rook shaped watch tower on the edge of the Siccus Badlands, a Flagg for other lost souls and travels to find help if they too were lost.
Even all this time we still play chess once in a while, and he still beats me every time. I even tried to be sneaky and use a move I never taught him! When he was, again, getting close to the kill, I swapped the King and the Rook.
I told him I 'forgot' to teach him this special rule, where if the two pieces haven't moved and there's nothing in between the King and the Rook switch places.
He thought this through, almost an odd moment of clarity in my friend's usual fogginess... "So the King is replaced with a Rook" he asked.
Yup... It's called "Castling"
--
I really don't know what's crazier - that' it's been 10 years since the start of Guilds of Historica on Eurobricks... or that some crazy people though it was a good idea to let a Spacer help shape the most incredible LEGO world I've ever seen....
Dextrus Flagg might have had a short reign, but he still lives on in my heart...
Cheers on the anniversary, and my humblest gratitude for the builders that have kept GoH going all these years...
Image made for the Thursday Monochrome group.
This shot may be used as the subject of a future monochromatic watercolor. 😀 Best viewed large.
Lens: TTArtisan manual 35mm f/5.6
Dehydration of permanganic acid (HMnO4) produced in the acid-base reaction of KMnO4 with H2SO4. Resulting Mn2O7 reacts violently with organic compounds
dehydration can lead to the brain malfunctioning.
not just being tired and fainting.
proper mental fuckery i mean.
it starts with you doing silly things, but it can go so far as seeing things that arent there.
i grew up in the desert. 8 months out of the year, a 45C day was just tuesday.
wednesday was the same and thursday too.
the weatherman had the easiest job in that country.
we are bags of mostly water so, get your water in. it's common sense.
it's sad to see the folk in this temperate zone here not understand what a little H2O deficit can do to you.
the world is not going to get any cooler in our life times. at best it'll stay like this.
get your water in. stay in the shade, wear light colour clothing, change your schedule, be lazy during the day, do more at night.
it really is as simple as that.
All the berries were shrivelled, many of the plants are brown. Much of the Heather is crispy too. Food is pretty hard to find for the wildlife.
Brocton Heights Cannock Chase Staffordshire UK 31st July 2018
A hot temper would set it ablaze, this was after a little rain.
Rain is very scarce here in the UK. The crops are failing and livestock are being slaughtered due to lack of food. 1976 was bad, but this drought is worse. The rivers are drying up and fish are dying by the thousands.
"I cannot really stand in a public venue and give a public speech and speak about our language when I see such an incredible, incredible destruction of an entire people taking place. Are we to watch children starving? Women dehydrated trying to feed their children? So something must happen. I am personally in favour of the Secretary General of the United Nations using procedures that are there the Charter of the United Nations, to use a Chapter 7 procedure. ... ( ) ...and even if there's a blockage, the right exists for the Secretary General to seek to put together an international defence of a corridor. There are 6,000 trucks with enough food for three months and it is being blocked." Irish President Michael D. Higgins (Mícheál Ó hUigínn) --- youtube.com/shorts/EQL48TQIQ78?si=jr_Iw4ol_IsIFmBu ▪️www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/20860... Glanmervyn House, Gleann Maghair, Corcaigh/ Glanmire, Cork.
▪️Sainchomhartha is ea 'Glanmervyn House' i nGleann Maghair, Contae Chorcaí. Áirse ar an mbealach isteach atá sa ghrianghraf. Bhí tóir ar an stíl Gotach rómánsach seo sa naoú haois déag. I mBéarla, d'fhéadfaí a rá gur stíl 'gothick' atá againn anseo, stíl nach bhfuil go hiomlán ceart ó thaobh na staire de ach a thaispeánann suim i stíleanna suaithinseacha. Tá an áirse le feiscint ar thaobh na láimhe clé, tar éis sraith de thithe beaga, nuair a théitear isteach sa bhaile ar an mbealach ó Chorcaigh. ▪️Entrance arch. "Glen Mervyn House [c1870] forms a colourful and interesting addition to the landscape in Glanmire. Situated on a height, the variety of materials in its ornamentation together with the broken tempo of its south elevation create an aesthetically pleasing composition. The carved timberwork, terracotta shingling and render detailing, particularly the mask stops, all attest to skilled craftsmanship while also adding artistic interest to the house. The survival of much original fabric and features further enhances the building's significance."
Today in person, it looked way different than I remembered it two days ago, but as it turns out, it's not so much more dehydrated from then. But the colors have deepened and the light was really nice today.
93 degrees, HOT & humid as hell... nothing to drink. Felt like quitting half way through this one, but I tore through it quickly and got out of there. I'm feeling the colors, just wish I put more effort into a few areas (background).
Action Shots: www.molotow.com/magazine/blog/blog/2013/07/29/geser-14/#m...
After the wedding,there was a splendid dinner party ! And of course energetic dancing to the flashing of disco lights and the sound of great rock music classics! Such dancing invites dehydration, and dehydration invites replenishment with WATER! The party took place in a fascinating venue, Arts on Main, which is a magical and brilliant example of urban renewal in the eastern part of the old Johannesburg CBD, which had largely fallen into disrepair! It's now a major, multicultural, tourist and local attraction with arts and crafts on offer and fabulous eateries and SAFE parking! Great for photographers!
Frankreich / Provence - Colorado Provençal
The Colorado Provençal is a former open-air ochre mining site from the 19th and 20th centuries.
It is a private site, classified as a Natural Monument of Historic Character. You will discover exceptional colors in the old ochre quarries, but also the vestiges of its industrial past such as working faces, settling ponds, channels, pipes, etc.
Today's landscapes are the result of human activity and natural erosion. Colorado's unique geology and the presence of water result in exceptional vegetation with a high degree of specificity. Two marked hiking trails allow you to discover these landscapes, as well as a more unusual Colorado by observing the remarkable adaptation of plants and the crevices in the rocks.
(coloradoprovencal.fr)
Ochre (/ˈoʊkər/ OH-kər; from Ancient Greek ὤχρα (ṓkhra), from ὠχρός (ōkhrós) 'pale'), iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown. It is also the name of the colours produced by this pigment, especially a light brownish-yellow. A variant of ochre containing a large amount of hematite, or dehydrated iron oxide, has a reddish tint known as red ochre (or, in some dialects, ruddle).
The word ochre also describes clays coloured with iron oxide derived during the extraction of tin and copper.
Earth pigments
Ochre is a family of earth pigments, which includes yellow ochre, red ochre, purple ochre, sienna, and umber. The major ingredient of all the ochres is iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, known as limonite, which gives them a yellow colour. A range of other minerals may also be included in the mixture:
Yellow ochre, FeO(OH)·nH2O, is a hydrated iron hydroxide (limonite) also called gold ochre.
Red ochre, Fe2O3·nH2O, takes its reddish colour from the mineral hematite, which is an iron oxide, reddish brown when hydrated.
Purple ochre is a rare variant identical to red ochre chemically but of a different hue caused by different light diffraction properties associated with a greater average particle size.
Brown ochre, also FeO(OH), (goethite), is a partly hydrated iron oxide. Similarly, lepidocrocite — γ-FeO(OH), a secondary mineral, a product of the oxidation of iron ore minerals, found in brown iron ores
Sienna contains both limonite and a small amount of manganese oxide (less than 5%), which makes it darker than ochre.
Umber pigments contain a larger proportion of manganese (5-20%), which makes them a dark brown.
When natural sienna and umber pigments are heated, they are dehydrated and some of the limonite is transformed into hematite, giving them more reddish colours, called burnt sienna and burnt umber. Ochres are non-toxic and can be used to make an oil paint that dries quickly and covers surfaces thoroughly. Modern ochre pigments often are made using synthetic iron oxide. Pigments which use natural ochre pigments indicate it with the name PY-43 (Pigment yellow 43) on the label, following the Colour Index International system.
Modern history
The industrial process for making ochre pigment was developed by the French scientist Jean-Étienne Astier in the 1780s. He was from Roussillon in the Vaucluse department of Provence, and he was fascinated by the cliffs of red and yellow clay in the region. He invented a process to make the pigment on a large scale. First the clay was extracted from open pits or mines. The raw clay contained about 10 to 20 percent ochre. Then he washed the clay to separate the grains of sand from the particles of ochre. The remaining mixture was then decanted in large basins, to further separate the ochre from the sand. The water was then drained, and the ochre was dried, cut into bricks, crushed, sifted, and then classified by colour and quality. The best quality was reserved for artists' pigments.
In Britain, ochre was mined at Brixham, England. It became an important product for the British fishing industry, where it was combined with oil and used to coat sails to protect them from seawater, giving them a reddish colour. The ochre was boiled in great caldrons, together with tar, tallow and oak bark, the last ingredient giving the name of barking yards to the places where the hot mixture was painted on to the sails, which were then hung up to dry. In 1894, a theft case provided insights into the use of the pigment as a food adulterant in sausage roll production whereby the accused apprentice was taught to soak brown bread in red ochre, salt, and pepper to give the appearance of beef sausage for the filling.
As noted above, the industrial process for making ochre pigment was developed by the French scientist Jean-Étienne Astier in the 1780s, using the ochre mines and quarries in Roussillon, Rustrel, or Gargas in the Vaucluse department of Provence, in France. Thanks to the process invented by Astier and refined by his successors, ochre pigments from Vaucluse were exported across Europe and around the world. It was not only used for artists paints and house paints; it also became an important ingredient for the early rubber industry.
Ochre from Vaucluse was an important French export until the mid-20th century, when major markets were lost due to the Russian Revolution and the Spanish Civil War. Ochre also began to face growing competition from newly synthetic pigment industry. The quarries in Roussillon, Rustrel, the Mines of Bruoux closed one by one. Today, the last quarry in activity is in Gargas (Vaucluse) and belongs to the Société des Ocres de France.
In heraldry and vexillology
Ochre, both red and yellow, appear as tinctures in South African heraldry; the national coat of arms, adopted in 2000, includes red ochre, while (yellow) ochre appears in the arms of the University of Transkei.
Ochre is also used as a symbol of Indigenous Australians, and appears on the Flag of the Northern Territory and on the flags of the Taungurung and Aṉangu people.
In popular culture
A reddleman named Diggory Venn was prominently described in Thomas Hardy's 1878 novel entitled The Return of the Native.
(Wikipedia)
Das Colorado Provençal ist ein ehemaliger Ockerabbauort im Freien aus dem 19. und 20. Jahrhundert.
Es handelt sich um einen privaten Standort, der als Naturdenkmal historischer Natur eingestuft ist. In den alten Ockersteinbrüchen entdecken Sie außergewöhnliche Farben, aber auch Überreste der industriellen Vergangenheit wie Abbauwände, Absetzbecken, Rinnen, Rohre usw.
Die heutigen Landschaften sind das Ergebnis menschlicher Handarbeit und natürlicher Erosion. Die besondere geologische Beschaffenheit Colorados und das Vorhandensein von Wasser führen zu einer außergewöhnlichen Vegetation mit hoher Spezifität. Auf zwei markierten Wanderwegen können Sie diese Landschaften, aber auch ein ungewöhnlicheres Colorado entdecken, indem Sie die beeindruckende Anpassung der Pflanzen oder die Spalten in den Felsen beobachten.
(coloradoprovencal.fr)
Ocker (von lateinisch ochra, „[gelber] Ocker“, aus altgriechisch ὠχρός ōchrós „blass, blassgelb“) sind Erdfarben, und zwar Gemische aus 5–20 % Brauneisenstein mit Tonmineralen, Quarz und Kalk.
Wortverwendung
Als Pigment wird es als „gelber Ocker“ (Schöngelb) in diversen Sorten und Nuancen in der Malerei verwendet, entsprechende Bezeichnungen sind „roter Ocker“, „Rotocker“ oder „brauner Ocker“, „Braunocker“. Die gelben Sorten werden nach dem Farbton in „Lichtocker“, „Gelbocker“, „Goldocker“, „Fleischocker“, „Satinocker“ („Orangeocker“, Satinober) unterteilt. Durch Erhitzen werden gelbe in rote Pigmente umgewandelt und dann als „gebrannter Ocker“ bezeichnet. Dieser Vorgang entspricht einer Dehydration der färbenden Eisenverbindungen.
Als Farbbezeichnung wird „Ocker“ nur für weniger farbsatte Gelbtöne benutzt, insbesondere im Gegensatz zum rötlicheren Siena und dem grünlicheren Umbra. Weitere Farbnamen dieses Farbtons sind „Siena natur“ oder nach dem Einsatz „Schönbrunner Gelb“.
Als Webfarbe entspricht die Farbe Ocker der mit goldenrod (englisch „Goldrute“) bezeichneten Gruppe.
Farbsorten
Gelber Ocker
Der natürliche „gelbe Ocker“ (früher auch „Berggelb“ genannt) wird nach seiner Herkunft unterschiedlich benannt: „Französischer Ocker“ JL (das klassische Pigment), Terra di Siena („Italienischer Ocker“, „Sienaerde“), „Cyprischer Ocker“ (eine besonders feine Sorte hellen Ockers), „Böhmischer Ocker“ (das eigentliche „Schönbrunner Gelb“), „Derbyshire Ocker“, „Lausitzer Ocker“, „Amberger Gelb“.
Die künstliche Variante und mit „Eisenoxidgelb“ geschönte Sorten werden auch als „Marsgelb“ (wie das „Eisenoxidgelb“ selbst) bezeichnet.
Der Hauptbestandteil des gelben Ockers ist Eisen(III)-oxidhydrat (Fe2O3 · n H2O – Limonit, Brauneisenstein).
Roter Ocker
Der färbende Bestandteil im roten Ocker (verwandt mit „Rötel“) ist das Eisen(III)-oxid, Hämatit (Fe2O3). Typische Sorten sind „Französischer Ocker“ RL, „Burgunder Ocker“, „Englischer Grubenocker“. Wie bei allen natürlichen Erdpigmenten finden sich daneben auch Anteile von Tonmineralen und Quarz. Der rote Ocker wird auch durch Brennen des gelben Ockers gewonnen, als „gebrannter Ocker“ oder „gebrannte Siena“. Der Brennvorgang ist unter Limonit beschrieben. Roter Ocker ist im Colour Index unter der Bezeichnung C.I. Pigment Red 102 verzeichnet.
Brauner Ocker
Als „Braunocker“ werden weniger bunte (ungesättigte) Sorten bezeichnet, die deshalb eher Braun als mit einem Gelb- oder Rotton erscheinen. Es handelt sich um natürliche Vorkommen mit Beimengungen meist von Manganoxiden und -hydraten,[die der Umbra nahestehen. Mit Goethit oder bei gebrannten Farbmitteln ähneln diese in ihrem Erscheinungsbild der „Umbra gebrannt“ oder anderen wenig bunten gebrannten Eisenoxid-Pigmenten.
Für „Französischen Ocker“ hat sich ein Buchstabencode durchgesetzt, der dessen Qualität beschreibt:
J – jaune/gelb, R – rouge/rot, B – brune/braun
T – très sehr
C – claire/hell (lasierend), F – fonce/dunkel (deckendere Sorten), O – or/goldgelb
L – lavée/gewaschen, E – extra, S – super
Beispiele dafür sind
„lichter Ocker“ JTCLES – in der Aquarellmalerei ein strahlend schönes, nicht zu grelles Gelb[8]
„Goldocker“ JOLES – ein Farbton, der dem „Barockgelb“ entspricht.
Weitere Sortierungen von Ockern sind
„Satinober“ oder „Satinocker“ bezeichnen ins Orange gehende, besonders farbstarke Sorten und deren Imitate.[4]
„Grubenocker“ oder „Harzocker“ ist hingegen ein basisches Eisen(III)-sulfat,
„Goldsatinober“ ist eine gelbstichige Handelssorte von Mennige (= Blei(II,IV)-oxid).
Verwendung
Alle Ocker sind in entsprechender Verreibung in jedem Bindemittel einsetzbar. Sie sind als Eisenoxidpigmente absolut lichtecht, wetterbeständig und mit allen anderen Pigmenten verträglich (die nötige Reinheit vorausgesetzt).
Geschichte
Ocker tritt bereits im Middle Stone Age Südafrikas als Farbstoff zur Dekoration von Schmuckschnecken oder als Körperschmuck auf,[11] auch als Komplettbemalung z. B. bei den nordamerikanischen Beothuk-Indianern. In der Höhlenmalerei des europäischen Jungpaläolithikums wurde Ocker gleichfalls verwendet. Die Streuung von rotem Ocker ist seit dem Gravettien bis zum Magdalénien ein typisches Merkmal bei Grabstätten.
In der Antike und im Mittelalter zählen die Ocker weltweit zur grundlegenden warmen Palette aller kolorierten Medien der Künste.
Gewinnung
Die weltweit älteste bislang bekannte Ockermine befindet sich laut einer 2024 veröffentlichten Studie in der Lion Cavern in Eswatini im südlichen Afrika, in der bereits vor rund 48.000 Jahren Ocker abgebaut und in nahegelegene Gebiete transportiert wurde.
Bekanntester Abbauort in Europa sind die „Ockersteinbrüche“ in dem französischen Ort Roussillon im Département Vaucluse. Berühmt für seine besonders gute Qualität war der „Goldocker“ mit seinem auserlesenen Farbton, dem typischen „Barockgelb“. Ein eindrucksvolles, ebenfalls aufgegebenes Abbaugebiet liegt etwa 20 km östlich von Roussillon im Colorado bei Bouvène, südlich von Rustrel. Diese Vorkommen wurden bereits in der Römerzeit genutzt, später jedoch vergessen und erst um das Jahr 1780 wiederentdeckt.
Abbau und Verkauf des „französischen Ockers“ wird von der Société des Ocres de France (SOF) verwaltet. In Deutschland wurde vorrangig in Goslar am Nordharzrand Ocker aus Absetzbecken gewonnen („Ockersümpfe“), welche die Grubenwässer des Rammelsberger Bergbaus klärten. Auch in der Oberpfalz wurde bis um 1920 Ocker im Untertagebau in der Nähe von Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg gewonnen. Anschließend wurde er meist dort in einer Farbmühle zu Lack weiterverarbeitet.
Ein bekanntes Abbaugebiet ist Wilgie Mia bei der westaustralischen Stadt Perth.
Ocker wird noch in geringen Mengen aus Erde durch langwierige Ausschlämmverfahren gewonnen. Hierzu wird das Pigment in einer Reihe von Klärbecken ausgewaschen und in Windmühlen von Ballaststoffen gereinigt. Dieser Grundstoff wird getrocknet und ausgeliefert. Bei Bedarf wird er durch ein Brennverfahren auf den gewünschten Farbton gebracht. Außerdem werden besonders farbschöne „Nester“ (kleine, konzentrierte Ansammlungen) speziell für den Künstler- und Restaurierungsbedarf verwertet.
Der weitaus meiste Ocker wird künstlich aus Eisenoxidfarben hergestellt und auf ein geeignetes Substrat aufgezogen.
(Wikipedia)