View allAll Photos Tagged Deflectors
GULF OF OMAN (Dec. 29, 2008) Aviation Boatswain's Mate (Equipment) Airman Melissa Pyle mans a jet blast deflector station on the flight deck of the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71). Theodore Roosevelt and embarked Carrier Air Wing (CVW) 8 are deployed to the U.S. 5th Fleet area of responsibility. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Remus Borisov/Released)
Le mode d'effondrement correspond à un déversement en instabilité élastique.
Notez que les déformations des âmes centrales des cordes se déformaient . Celles en compression surtout les A-R . Les mesures avant le 20 aout se réfèrent à des déformations horizontales des âmes verticales des poutrelles au centre des cordes. Celles postérieures seraient mesurées à partir des déviations des cordes mesurées depuis leurs extrémités. (Toutes fois ce n'est pas totalement limpide et n'aurait pas utilisé d'instrument comme des transits pour vérifier l'ensemble de la géométrie.
Un ingénieur observateur posté sur la rive nord lors de l'effondrement a bien noté que la structure les poteaux sud avaient d'abord déversés sur la droite vers l'aval, puis avaient cédés vers l'avant. Cela signifie que le pont aurait déversé sa corde d'ancrage de gauche ( en tension et torsion ? ) aurait d'abord cédée, la A9L ( celle-ci fut testée à l'échèle 1/3 en compression suite à l'enquête) Pas celle de droite ( en compression).
Les cordes du bas leurs âmes centrales n'étaient pas complètement rivées et présentaient donc une faiblesse latérale. certaine Les déformations latérales des poutres progressives furent mesurées avec des cordeaux entre leurs propres extrémités , mais pas celles de l'alignement de structure dans son ensemble qui n'apparaissent pas avoir été répertoriées. Mais l'addition de celles cis donnent une idée de l'ampleur du flambage. latéral Les constructeurs et ingénieurs disaient à l'époque que cela, leurs observations, défiait toute logique. aujourd'hui cela est connu comme du déversement en instabilité élastique.
Une modélisation seule permettrait de bien comprendre avec une certaine précision la séquence des évènements. Pour moi l'enquête fut biaisée ( en partie ) par le fait d'avoir échappé dans sa livraison la composante A9L et cela entache encore notre compréhension de ce désastre. Les calculs de la poutre A9L en compression pure doivent "possiblement" être pris avec un certain scepticisme quant à la cause première de l'effondrement. Je crois qu'elle aurait cédé ( flambé en torsion plus tension, car il y avait considérablement plus de poids et de bras de levier exercé par le bras en porte-à-faux )
Notez aussi que les déformations présentement observées sur l'actuelle structure semblent encore plus importantes que celles de 1907 . Et que l'effondrement de 1907 fut très soudain. D'où mes questions assez claires et insistantes sur la sécurité de l'actuel pont ; cela selon des standards modernes ( marges de sécurité du métal ) qui prendraient en compte le déversement en instabilité élastique négligé par ceux d'il y a cent ans ( encore ? ) appliqués pour ce pont . Ce qui m'apparaît d'une incontestable évidence. Les ingénieurs du CN et de Transport-Canada, eux savent cela fort bien maintenant, surtout après mes alertes médiatiques en 2015. Moment ou tout le monde jouait du violon devant les responsables .
TJCA corner Jayon Simmons deflects pass away from Mountain Island Charter receiver.
Thomas Jefferson Classical Academy Gryphons jumped out to a 28-0 first quart lead over Mountain Island Charter last Friday night. The Gryphons expanded their lead at the half to 51 to 14. Thomas Jefferson moved to 3-0 on the year and 1 and 0 in Southern Piedmont Conference play with a 63 to 36 victory.
Run And Blast Slimes 3D – Android apps – Free play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nag.slimeblaste...
3D action game app that advance by skipping to play the slime.You can deflect behind, life is decremented If you’ve hit.We use the bomb if the enemy had...
jp-apps-dl.net/2016/02/07/run-and-blast-slimes-3d-android...
Photos by Garvin St. Villier
The pivotal reason I leaned on RAM was due to the Mopar connection. The fact that they custom manufacture hundreds of accessories for RAMs is priceless. From running boards and bed steps to vinyl decals, lift kits, and tonneau covers, you can't go wrong with Mopar. Of course, the Rebel model is already rugged and features an aggressive front fascia, performance-tuned shock absorbers, skid plates, 1” higher suspension, Goodyear Wrangler all-terrain tires, 18x8” off-road rims, and a bulged performance hood to house the stalwart 5.7-liter V8 HEMI e-Torque engine. However, I tapped into Mopar’s massive inventory to outfit “Soul Rebel 22” with a few essential parts that included:
• Cold Air Intake System
• Cat-Back Exhaust System
• Spray-In Bedliner
• Utility Rails & Hide-a-Hooks
• Deployable Bed-Step
• Cargo Bed Divider
• Matte Black Front Air Deflector
• Mopar Accessory Kit featuring:
1.Stainless Steel License Plate Cover
2.Stainless Steel Keychain
3.Mopar Valve Stem Caps
St Mirren moved to the top of the Championship by getting the better of a second-half goal flurry against Inverness Caledonian Thistle.
Lewis Morgan's deflected strike gave the Buddies a half-time lead but John Baird levelled after the break.
Gregor Buchanan headed Saints back in front before Liam Polworth restored parity again for Caley Thistle.
But St Mirren moved up a gear and both Cammy Smith and Ian McShane scored from distance to seal it for the hosts.
A third consecutive league win means the Paisley men have now won seven of their last eight matches and have now also triumphed in each of their last six home games in all competitions.
Morgan has been a key part of St Mirren's rise under manager Jack Ross and he notched his sixth of the season when his low shot was diverted through the legs of Caley Thistle goalkeeper Mark Ridgers.
Baird had a first half goal disallowed for offside but made no mistake in the second - the former Buddie slotting into the bottom left hand corner.
The teams were only briefly on level terms. St Mirren's McShane followed up some nice skill by standing up a great cross to the back post and Buchanan's header eventually crossed the line.
Inverness again pegged Saints back when Connor Bell helped play in Polworth to round Craig Samson and stroke home, despite big shouts of offside from the hosts.
The Buddies were frustrated at that, but vented it in the right way. Morgan smacked the post before Smith let fly with a right-footer from 20 yards into the bottom corner, then McShane added an equally exquisite finish from distance into the top right corner when the ball broke to him on the edge of the box.
St Mirren
1 Samson
15 Baird
5 Buchanan Booked 6 min
44 Eckersley
3 Irvine
4 McGinn
16 McShane
2 DemetriouSubstituted for Kirkpatrick 85 min
11 SmithSubstituted forTodd at 87 min
10 MorganSubstituted for Duffy 90+2 min
20 Reilly
Substitutes
8 Duffy
9 Sutton
14 Todd
17 Kirkpatrick
19 Stewart
Inverness CT
28 Ridgers
2 Raven
5 Warren
22 McKay Booked 89 min
4 Chalmers
21 Cooper
24 Trafford
11 Vigurs Booked 33 min
7 Polworth
9 Baird
16 CalderSubstituted for Bell at 56min
Substitutes
1 Esson
3 Tremarco
6 Elsdon
14 Oakley
15 Mulraney
20 Bell
23 Donaldson
21 Stewart
22 Whyte
View from inside the ruins of Fort Zeelandia toward the armory in the back. The barrel roof is meant to deflect incoming cannon balls.
Fort Island in the Essequibo River delta was originally called Flag Island due to a large flag that was a guide to ships. In 1740 the Dutch commenced building a small brick fort with African slave labor to replace a rotting wooden redoubt from 1726. The fort was named Fort Zeelandia as many of the area’s original settlers had come from the County of Zeeland in the Netherlands. The lower story was a warehouse for provisions and powder magazines while the upper story was living quarters for soldiers. The roof held mortars and swivel guns. The southwestern bastion was an armory. Flag Island was renamed Fort Island in 1775. Although initially a very substantial defense, by 1781 the fort had deteriorated and was captured by the British, taken over by the French the next year, and then back in Dutch hands two years later. The fort had entered into a long period of decline by 1796.
Guyana means “land of many waters” in an indigenous Amerindian language and was the original name for an entire region covering northern South America between the Orinoco (in Venezuela) and Amazon (in Brazil) Rivers. Christopher Columbus saw Guyana on his third voyage in 1498 and Sir Walter Raleigh published a fanciful description in 1595, but the first European colony was not established until 1616 with the arrival of the Dutch. They created two more colonies (in 1627 and 1752) before the British gained control in 1796 (when fighting the French who occupied the Netherlands) with the Dutch formally ceding the area in 1814. It officially became British Guiana in 1831. The economy was driven by sugar plantations worked by African slaves—more than 100,000 by 1830. Upon emancipation in 1838, agricultural production plummeted. Replacement workers were eventually found in India, with 240,000 indentured servants having been brought over by the time indentured labor was abolished in 1917. Bauxite mining beginning in 1914 created an industry that equals sugar (and rice) today (but gold is by far the leading export). Independence from the United Kingdom was achieved in 1966 with Guyana becoming an official republic within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Guyana is the only country in South America where English is the official language (but the majority of the population speaks Guyanese Creole, a version of Creole with a basis in English).
On Google Earth:
Fort Island 6°47'32.83"N, 58°30'28.80"W
DRG Class "01" (later DB Class "001") 4-6-2 No.01 202 (later 001 202-1) in almost original condition, apart from de Witte smoke deflectors and, unusually for an unrebuilt example, the front fall plate removed. It has a 2'2'T34 tender.
No.01 202 is on a steam special run in association with the Dresden Steam Festival on the route Dresden - Nossen - Dobeln - Waldheim - Chemnitz - Tharandt - Dresden. It is pictured at Nossen, 9 October 2021.
231 2-cylinder "01's" were built for DRG in 1926-38 (plus 10 which were converted from 1925-built "02" 4-cylinder compounds in 1937-42). At the end of World War II, 171 were in West Germany and 70 in the East. The DB rebuilt 5 in 1950-51 with (rivetted) boilers with combustion chambers, feed water heaters and, in place of the original "elephant ears" smoke deflectors, de Witte smoke deflectors (these were withdrawn 1968) then in 1958-61 50 were extensively rebuilt with all-welded boilers, feed water heaters, wide chimneys, de Witte smoke deflectors, modified frames and roller bearings whilst the front fall-plate was removed. On the DB, the last "01" (an unrebuilt example) was withdrawn in 1973; on the DR (which rebuilt 35 to "01.5" Rekoloks), the last unrebuilt example was withdrawn in 1982 and the last Rekolok "01.5" in 1989.
I didn't know how to make this pic into a simple comic strip. So instead i made a mini animation for YouTube.
Unfortunately, the end credit last longer than the actual animation - oh well.
Check it out..
Schylge 2021 -
Terschelling was of strategic importance to the Germans to deflect allied actions on or above the North Sea. Initially, 40 troops came to the island. But eventually, to meet the needs at the time, the occupying forces on the island grew to 1,200 and later to 2,000 units. The majority were navy and air force. German navy soldiers occupied the anti-aircraft batteries on the western and eastern points of the island. Sturdy bunkers, often combined with radar installations, were later added to the western anti-aircraft battery. This provided the German air force with an important detection tool.
Lego architecture MOC of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 34, Florida, USA. This launch site was used by Nasa from 1961 through 1968 to launch Saturn I and IB rockets as part of the Apollo program. It is now abandoned in place and only the launch platform and two mobile flame deflectors still exist. The site serves as a memorial to the crew of Apollo 1.
Wikipedia page of the site:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_La...
The model represents the launch platform and a flame deflector as they were from 1961 to 1968. It contains 1028 parts.
Taken on March 20 from the top of Haleakala on the isle of Maui, planet Earth, the first sunrise of northern spring is pictured in this vacation snapshot. The telephoto view from the volcanic caldera above a sea of clouds also captures an elusive green flash near the Sun's upper limb. Atmospheric layers with sharp temperature changes cause the colorful flash as the Sun rises behind a distant cloud bank. Refraction along sight lines through the layers creates multiple distorted images of the Sun, and for a moment, can visibly deflect shorter wavelength green light. via NASA ift.tt/1RKyvGz
The Postcard
A postally unused carte postale published by A. Breger of 9 Rue Thenard, Paris.
The Notre-Dame Fire
On the 15th. April 2019, fire broke out in the attic beneath the cathedral's roof at 18:18. At 18:20 the fire alarm sounded and guards evacuated the cathedral. A guard was sent to investigate, but to the wrong location – the attic of the adjoining sacristy – where he found no fire. About fifteen minutes later the error was discovered, but by the time guards had climbed the three hundred steps to the cathedral attic the fire was well advanced.
The alarm system was not designed to automatically notify the fire brigade, which was summoned at 18:51 after the guards had returned. Firefighters arrived within ten minutes.
Fighting the Notre-Dame Fire
More than 400 firefighters were engaged. A hundred government employees along with police and municipal workers moved precious artefacts to safety via a human chain.
The fire was primarily fought from inside the structure, which was more dangerous for personnel, but reduced potential damage to the cathedral - applying water from outside risked deflecting flames and hot gases (at temperatures up to 800 °C) inwards. Deluge guns were used at lower-than-usual pressures to minimise damage to the cathedral and its contents. Water was supplied by pump-boat from the Seine.
Aerial firefighting was not used because water dropped from heights could have caused structural damage, and heated stone can crack if suddenly cooled. Helicopters were also not used because of dangerous updrafts, but drones were used for visual and thermal imaging, and robots for visual imaging and directing water streams. Molten lead falling from the roof posed a special hazard for firefighters.
By 18:52, smoke was visible from the outside; flames appeared within the next ten minutes. The spire of the cathedral collapsed at 19:50, creating a draft that slammed all the doors and sent a fireball through the attic. Firefighters then retreated from within the attic.
Shortly before the spire fell, the fire had spread to the wooden framework inside the north tower, which supported eight very large bells. Had the bells fallen, it was thought that the damage done as they fell could have collapsed the towers, and with them the entire cathedral.
At 20:30, firefighters abandoned attempts to extinguish the roof and concentrated on saving the towers, fighting from within and between the towers. By 21:45 the fire was under control.
Adjacent apartment buildings were evacuated due to concern about possible collapse, but on the 19th. April the fire brigade ruled out that risk. One firefighter and two police officers were injured.
Damage to Notre-Dame
Most of the wood/metal roof and the spire of the cathedral was destroyed, with about one third of the roof remaining. The remnants of the roof and spire fell atop the stone vault underneath, which forms the ceiling of the cathedral's interior. Some sections of this vaulting collapsed in turn, allowing debris from the burning roof to fall to the marble floor below, but most sections remained intact due to the use of rib vaulting, greatly reducing damage to the cathedral's interior and objects within.
The cathedral contained a large number of artworks, religious relics, and other irreplaceable treasures, including a crown of thorns said to be the one Jesus wore at his crucifixion. Other items were a purported piece of the cross on which Jesus was crucified, the Tunic of St. Louis, a pipe organ by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, and the 14th.-century Virgin of Paris statue.
Some artwork had been removed in preparation for the renovations, and most of the cathedral's sacred relics were held in the adjoining sacristy, which the fire did not reach; all the cathedral's relics survived. Many valuables that were not removed also survived.
Lead joints in some of the 19th.-century stained-glass windows melted, but the three major rose windows, dating back to the 13th. century, were undamaged. Several pews were destroyed, and the vaulted arches were blackened by smoke, though the cathedral's main cross and altar survived, along with the statues surrounding it.
Some paintings, apparently only smoke-damaged, are expected to be transported to the Louvre for restoration. The rooster-shaped reliquary atop the spire was found damaged but intact among the debris. The three pipe organs were not significantly damaged. The largest of the cathedral's bells, the bourdon, was also not damaged. The liturgical treasury of the cathedral and the "Grands Mays" paintings were moved to safety.
Environmental Damage
Airparif said that winds rapidly dispersed the smoke, carrying it away aloft along the Seine corridor. It did not find elevated levels of particulate air pollution at monitoring stations nearby. The Paris police stated that there was no danger from breathing the air around the fire.
The burned-down roof had been covered with over 400 metric tons of lead. Settling dust substantially raised surface lead levels in some places nearby, notably the cordoned-off area and places left open during the fire. Wet cleaning for surfaces and blood tests for children and pregnant women were recommended in the immediate area.
People working on the cathedral after the fire did not initially take the lead precautions required for their own protection; materials leaving the site were decontaminated, but some clothing was not, and some precautions were not correctly followed; as a result, the worksite failed some inspections and was temporarily shut down.
There was also more widespread contamination; testing, clean-up, and public health advisories were delayed for months, and the neighbourhood was not decontaminated for four months, prompting widespread criticism.
Reactions to the Notre-Dame Fire
President of France Emmanuel Macron, postponing a speech to address the Yellow Vests Movement planned for that evening, went to Notre-Dame and gave a brief address there. Numerous world religious and government leaders extended condolences.
Through the night of the fire and into the next day, people gathered along the Seine to hold vigils, sing and pray.
White tarpaulins over metal beams were quickly rigged to protect the interior from the elements. Nettings protect the de-stabilised exterior.
The following Sunday at Saint-Eustache Church, the Archbishop of Paris, Michel Aupetit, honoured the firefighters with the presentation of a book of scriptures saved from the fire.
Investigation Into The Notre-Dame Fire
On the 16th. April, the Paris prosecutor said that there was no evidence of a deliberate act.
The fire has been compared to the similar 1992 Windsor Castle fire and the Uppark fire, among others, and has raised old questions about the safety of similar structures and the techniques used to restore them. Renovation works increase the risk of fire, and a police source reported that they are looking into whether such work had caused this incident.
The renovations presented a fire risk from sparks, short-circuits, and heat from welding (roof repairs involved cutting, and welding lead sheets resting on timber). Normally, no electrical installations were allowed in the roof space due to the extreme fire risk.
The roof framing was of very dry timber, often powdery with age. After the fire, the architect responsible for fire safety at the cathedral acknowledged that the rate at which fire might spread had been underestimated, and experts said it was well known that a fire in the roof would be almost impossible to control.
Of the firms working on the restoration, a Europe Echafaudage team was the only one working there on the day of the fire; the company said no soldering or welding was underway before the fire. The scaffolding was receiving electrical supply for temporary elevators and lighting.
The roofers, Le Bras Frères, said it had followed procedure, and that none of its personnel were on site when the fire broke out. Time-lapse images taken by a camera installed by them showed smoke first rising from the base of the spire.
On the 25th. April, the structure was considered safe enough for investigators to enter. They unofficially stated that they were considering theories involving malfunction of electric bell-ringing apparatus, and cigarette ends discovered on the renovation scaffolding.
Le Bras Frères confirmed its workers had smoked cigarettes, contrary to regulations, but denied that a cigarette butt could have started the fire. The Paris prosecutor's office announced on the 26th. June that no evidence had been found to suggest a criminal motive.
The security employee monitoring the alarm system was new on the job, and was on a second eight-hour shift that day because his relief had not arrived. Additionally, the fire security system used confusing terminology in its referencing parts of the cathedral, which contributed to the initial confusion as to the location of the fire.
As of September, five months after the fire, investigators thought the cause of the fire was more likely an electrical fault than a cigarette. Determining the exact place in which the fire started was expected to take a great deal more time and work. By the 15th. April 2020, investigators stated:
"We believe the fire to have been
started by either a cigarette or a
short circuit in the electrical system".
Reconstruction of Notre-Dame Cathedral
On the night of the fire Macron said that the cathedral, which is owned by the state, would be rebuilt, and launched an international fundraising campaign. France's cathedrals have been owned by the state since 1905, and are not privately insured.
The heritage conservation organisation Fondation du Patrimoine estimated the damage in the hundreds of millions of euros, but losses from the fire are not expected to substantially impact the private insurance industry.
European art insurers stated that the cost would be similar to ongoing renovations at the Palace of Westminster in London, which currently is estimated to be around €7 billion.
This cost does not include damage to any of the artwork or artefacts within the cathedral. Any pieces on loan from other museums would have been insured, but the works owned by the cathedral would not have been insurable.
While Macron hoped the cathedral could be restored in time for the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics, architects expect the work could take from twenty to forty years, as any new structure would need to balance restoring the look of the original building, using wood and stone sourced from the same regions used in the original construction, with the structural reinforcement required for preventing a similar disaster in the future.
There is discussion of whether to reconstruct the cathedral in modified form. Rebuilding the roof with titanium sheets and steel trusses has been suggested; other options include rebuilding in the original lead and wood, or rebuilding with modern materials not visible from the outside (like the reinforced concrete trusses at Reims Cathedral).
Another option would be to use a combination of restored old elements and newly designed ones. Chartres Cathedral was rebuilt with wrought iron trusses and copper sheeting after an 1836 fire.
French prime minister Édouard Philippe announced an architectural design competition for a new spire that would be:
"Adapted to the techniques
and the challenges of our era."
The spire replacement project has gathered a variety of designs and some controversy, particularly its legal exemption from environmental and heritage rules. After the design competition was announced, the French senate amended the government's restoration bill to require the roof to be restored to how it was before the fire.
On the 16th. July, 95 days after the fire, the law that will govern the restoration of the cathedral was finally approved by the French parliament. It recognises its UNESCO World Heritage Site status and the need to respect existing international charters and practices, to:
"Preserve the historic, artistic and architectural
history of the monument, and to limit any
derogations to the existing heritage, planning,
environmental and construction codes to a
minimum".
On the 15th. April 2020, Germany offered to restore some of the large clerestory windows located far above eye level with three expert tradesmen who specialize in rebuilding cathedrals. Monika Grütters, Germany's Commissioner for Culture was quoted as saying that her country would shoulder the costs.
As of the 30th. November all of the tangled scaffolding was removed from the spire area, and was therefore no longer a threat to the building.
The world will now have to wait for Notre-Dame de Paris to be restored to its former magnificence.
St Mirren moved to the top of the Championship by getting the better of a second-half goal flurry against Inverness Caledonian Thistle.
Lewis Morgan's deflected strike gave the Buddies a half-time lead but John Baird levelled after the break.
Gregor Buchanan headed Saints back in front before Liam Polworth restored parity again for Caley Thistle.
But St Mirren moved up a gear and both Cammy Smith and Ian McShane scored from distance to seal it for the hosts.
A third consecutive league win means the Paisley men have now won seven of their last eight matches and have now also triumphed in each of their last six home games in all competitions.
Morgan has been a key part of St Mirren's rise under manager Jack Ross and he notched his sixth of the season when his low shot was diverted through the legs of Caley Thistle goalkeeper Mark Ridgers.
Baird had a first half goal disallowed for offside but made no mistake in the second - the former Buddie slotting into the bottom left hand corner.
The teams were only briefly on level terms. St Mirren's McShane followed up some nice skill by standing up a great cross to the back post and Buchanan's header eventually crossed the line.
Inverness again pegged Saints back when Connor Bell helped play in Polworth to round Craig Samson and stroke home, despite big shouts of offside from the hosts.
The Buddies were frustrated at that, but vented it in the right way. Morgan smacked the post before Smith let fly with a right-footer from 20 yards into the bottom corner, then McShane added an equally exquisite finish from distance into the top right corner when the ball broke to him on the edge of the box.
St Mirren
1 Samson
15 Baird
5 Buchanan Booked 6 min
44 Eckersley
3 Irvine
4 McGinn
16 McShane
2 DemetriouSubstituted for Kirkpatrick 85 min
11 SmithSubstituted forTodd at 87 min
10 MorganSubstituted for Duffy 90+2 min
20 Reilly
Substitutes
8 Duffy
9 Sutton
14 Todd
17 Kirkpatrick
19 Stewart
Inverness CT
28 Ridgers
2 Raven
5 Warren
22 McKay Booked 89 min
4 Chalmers
21 Cooper
24 Trafford
11 Vigurs Booked 33 min
7 Polworth
9 Baird
16 CalderSubstituted for Bell at 56min
Substitutes
1 Esson
3 Tremarco
6 Elsdon
14 Oakley
15 Mulraney
20 Bell
23 Donaldson
21 Stewart
22 Whyte
Lynda Carte as Wonder Woman in TV series, deflecting bullets with her arm braceletshttp://www.squidoo.com/BuyAdultWonderWomanCostume
Vought OS2U-3 Kingfisher
Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Udvar-Hazy Center, Chantilly, Va., October 29, 2009.
The Kingfisher was the U.S. Navy's primary ship-based, scout and observation aircraft during World War II. Revolutionary spot welding techniques gave it a smooth, non-buckling fuselage structure. Deflector plate flaps that hung from the wing's trailing edge and spoiler-augmented ailerons functioned like extra flaps to allow slower landing speeds. Most OS2Us operated in the Pacific, where they rescued many downed airmen, including World War I ace Eddie Rickenbacker and the crew of his B-17 Flying Fortress.
In March 1942, this airplane was assigned to the battleship USS Indiana. It later underwent a six-month overhaul in California, returned to Pearl Harbor, and rejoined the Indiana in March 1944. Lt. j.g. Rollin M. Batten Jr. was awarded the Navy Cross for making a daring rescue in this airplane under heavy enemy fire on July 4, 1944.
Transferred from the United States Navy.
The U.S. Navy accepted the museum's Kingfisher, OS2U-3 (Bureau of Aeronautics serial number 5909), on March 15, 1942. In April it left Naval Air Station (NAS), New York and arrived at NAS Norfolk. The following month, it was assigned to the recently commissioned battleship "USS Indiana." After the Indiana arrived in the Pacific, Navy pilots flying this OS2U performed a variety of missions including bombing, utility, and administrative chores at many locations. In December 1942, Navy planners assigned the airplane to the Com F Air scouting squadron VS-5-D-14 (later designated VS-55) at White Poppy, a codename for New Caledonia. Following a six-month stay in the fall of 1943 at NAS Alameda, California, for overhaul, and to receive new combat equipment, the aircraft was shipped to Pearl Harbor and rejoined the "Indiana" in March 1944. This Kingfisher had now flown for 957 hours, 300 of them aboard the "Indiana."
On July 4, 1944, "Indiana" was underway near Rota and Guam to support naval air strikes on those two islands. Lt. jg. Rollin M. Batten, Jr., was flying the NASM OS2U-3 when he was vectored to rescue two U. S. airmen shot down over Guam. Accompanying Batten was Lt. jg. Jensen. Ignoring the fire from nearby Japanese gun batteries, Batten picked both men up and returned them to the "Indiana." This rescue earned Batten the Navy Cross. The award citation reads, in part, "With utter disregard for his own safety, he fearlessly brought his plane down within a mile of many shore batteries, and, in the face of an intense barrage directed at him by the enemy guns, proceeded calmly and deliberately to rescue a downed pilot and his crewman who were swimming in the water and also under enemy gunfire. His intelligent and courageous appraisal of the situation was responsible for the successful rescue, after which he took off cross-wind with the additional load, under extremely difficult circumstances."
By August, this Kingfisher was flying in the Carrier Aircraft Service Unit-34, or CASU-34. This was its last Pacific assignment and the Navy shipped it to NAF Alameda aboard the USS "Bougainville" in December 1944. After six months at Alameda, the Navy shipped the floatplane back to NAS Norfolk. It flew very little and underwent a variety of overhauls and inspections before Navy personnel finally processed the airplane for storage in the spring of 1947. A year later, Kingfisher 5909 was earmarked for the National Air Museum (NAM, now NASM, the National Air and Space Museum). It was prepared for "flyaway to NAS Weeksville (Elizabeth City, North Carolina) for storage until such time as called for by the proposed NAM." However, in January 1949, it returned to NAS Norfolk and remained stored there until the summer of 1960.
In October, the Navy transferred the OS2U to the NAM and it was trucked to what is now the Paul E. Garber Facility in Suitland, Maryland. The Museum lent the aircraft to the USS Massachusetts Memorial at Battleship Cove, Massachusetts, in July 1968 and the Kingfisher returned to the Garber Facility in December 1980. A full-up restoration began in November 1983 and was completed in April 1988. Many components were discovered missing and proved difficult to find during the project. Edward Good of St. Petersburg, Florida, donated the main float and beaching gear and Doan Helicopters Inc., of South Daytona Beach, Florida, provided the wing floats.
Everton FC goalie Tim Howard dives to deflect the ball against Juventus FC during the penalty kicks tie breaker on their International Champions Cup match on Wednesday, July 31, 2013 at AT&T Park in San Francisco, CA. The score ended with a 1-1 tie after regulation and Everton FC won the game with a 6-5 advantage in penalty kicks.
Oklahoma's Sterling Shepard deflects a pass against West Virginia's Terrell Chestnut during an NCAA football game on Saturday, Sept. 20, 2014, in Morgantown, W.Va. Oklahoma won 45-33.
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Flame deflectors frame what remains of the historic gantry on Launch Pad 34 on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
On this day in 1967, a fire erupted on the pad during a preflight test, taking the lives of the Apollo 1 crew, NASA astronauts Virgil Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee. To learn more about Apollo 1 and the crew, visit www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo1.html. Photo credit: NASA/Ben Smegelsky
Vought OS2U-3 Kingfisher
Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Udvar-Hazy Center, Chantilly, Va., October 29, 2009.
The Kingfisher was the U.S. Navy's primary ship-based, scout and observation aircraft during World War II. Revolutionary spot welding techniques gave it a smooth, non-buckling fuselage structure. Deflector plate flaps that hung from the wing's trailing edge and spoiler-augmented ailerons functioned like extra flaps to allow slower landing speeds. Most OS2Us operated in the Pacific, where they rescued many downed airmen, including World War I ace Eddie Rickenbacker and the crew of his B-17 Flying Fortress.
In March 1942, this airplane was assigned to the battleship USS Indiana. It later underwent a six-month overhaul in California, returned to Pearl Harbor, and rejoined the Indiana in March 1944. Lt. j.g. Rollin M. Batten Jr. was awarded the Navy Cross for making a daring rescue in this airplane under heavy enemy fire on July 4, 1944.
Transferred from the United States Navy.
The U.S. Navy accepted the museum's Kingfisher, OS2U-3 (Bureau of Aeronautics serial number 5909), on March 15, 1942. In April it left Naval Air Station (NAS), New York and arrived at NAS Norfolk. The following month, it was assigned to the recently commissioned battleship "USS Indiana." After the Indiana arrived in the Pacific, Navy pilots flying this OS2U performed a variety of missions including bombing, utility, and administrative chores at many locations. In December 1942, Navy planners assigned the airplane to the Com F Air scouting squadron VS-5-D-14 (later designated VS-55) at White Poppy, a codename for New Caledonia. Following a six-month stay in the fall of 1943 at NAS Alameda, California, for overhaul, and to receive new combat equipment, the aircraft was shipped to Pearl Harbor and rejoined the "Indiana" in March 1944. This Kingfisher had now flown for 957 hours, 300 of them aboard the "Indiana."
On July 4, 1944, "Indiana" was underway near Rota and Guam to support naval air strikes on those two islands. Lt. jg. Rollin M. Batten, Jr., was flying the NASM OS2U-3 when he was vectored to rescue two U. S. airmen shot down over Guam. Accompanying Batten was Lt. jg. Jensen. Ignoring the fire from nearby Japanese gun batteries, Batten picked both men up and returned them to the "Indiana." This rescue earned Batten the Navy Cross. The award citation reads, in part, "With utter disregard for his own safety, he fearlessly brought his plane down within a mile of many shore batteries, and, in the face of an intense barrage directed at him by the enemy guns, proceeded calmly and deliberately to rescue a downed pilot and his crewman who were swimming in the water and also under enemy gunfire. His intelligent and courageous appraisal of the situation was responsible for the successful rescue, after which he took off cross-wind with the additional load, under extremely difficult circumstances."
By August, this Kingfisher was flying in the Carrier Aircraft Service Unit-34, or CASU-34. This was its last Pacific assignment and the Navy shipped it to NAF Alameda aboard the USS "Bougainville" in December 1944. After six months at Alameda, the Navy shipped the floatplane back to NAS Norfolk. It flew very little and underwent a variety of overhauls and inspections before Navy personnel finally processed the airplane for storage in the spring of 1947. A year later, Kingfisher 5909 was earmarked for the National Air Museum (NAM, now NASM, the National Air and Space Museum). It was prepared for "flyaway to NAS Weeksville (Elizabeth City, North Carolina) for storage until such time as called for by the proposed NAM." However, in January 1949, it returned to NAS Norfolk and remained stored there until the summer of 1960.
In October, the Navy transferred the OS2U to the NAM and it was trucked to what is now the Paul E. Garber Facility in Suitland, Maryland. The Museum lent the aircraft to the USS Massachusetts Memorial at Battleship Cove, Massachusetts, in July 1968 and the Kingfisher returned to the Garber Facility in December 1980. A full-up restoration began in November 1983 and was completed in April 1988. Many components were discovered missing and proved difficult to find during the project. Edward Good of St. Petersburg, Florida, donated the main float and beaching gear and Doan Helicopters Inc., of South Daytona Beach, Florida, provided the wing floats.
"View of the front of the LM, minus the rendezvous radar and some other gear on the top. Mike Collins has begun a visual inspection of the Lunar Module, and is verifying that the landing gear is down and locked. An evolution in the LM's design is also apparent. The RCS plume deflectors, mounted on the Descent Stage underneath each RCS quad, were added to prevent the thermal damage observed on the Apollo 9 LM."
Above per the ALSJ.
nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/a11_h_44_6574...
Photos by Garvin St. Villier
The pivotal reason I leaned on RAM was due to the Mopar connection. The fact that they custom manufacture hundreds of accessories for RAMs is priceless. From running boards and bed steps to vinyl decals, lift kits, and tonneau covers, you can't go wrong with Mopar. Of course, the Rebel model is already rugged and features an aggressive front fascia, performance-tuned shock absorbers, skid plates, 1” higher suspension, Goodyear Wrangler all-terrain tires, 18x8” off-road rims, and a bulged performance hood to house the stalwart 5.7-liter V8 HEMI e-Torque engine. However, I tapped into Mopar’s massive inventory to outfit “Soul Rebel 22” with a few essential parts that included:
• Cold Air Intake System
• Cat-Back Exhaust System
• Spray-In Bedliner
• Utility Rails & Hide-a-Hooks
• Deployable Bed-Step
• Cargo Bed Divider
• Matte Black Front Air Deflector
• Mopar Accessory Kit featuring:
1.Stainless Steel License Plate Cover
2.Stainless Steel Keychain
3.Mopar Valve Stem Caps
Shot is deflected and goes wide of the net. Sony a6000, LA-EA1 adapter, Tamron x1.4 Tele-converter and Minolta AF 50mm f/1.4.
Turn around from the Robie House to see Rafael Viñoly's new GSB campus for the university. Some superficial similiarities: deflected entry sequence (turn left into a low vestibule before entering a full-height atrium), heavy horizontal bands, and stacked massing, although in a much cooler palette, without (many of) the heavy overhangs that create a sense of enclosure when viewing Robie, and with intervening vertical lines between windows and precast panels. Also note how the building literally shies away from really engaging Robie (or, on the other corners, CTS and Rockefeller Chapel), stepping up to hide the bulkier parts. Instead, it piles a huge amount of bulk right behind the neglected back side of lost Ida Noyes.
On the other hand, the wintergarden (the clear glass just visible at upper left) is a pretty cool space--and, I imagine, will be a nice, warm space once this (its first winter) rolls around. I always idly dreamed of a wintergarden on campus, and now here's one! Too bad it's reserved for those evil B-school vampires.
The Postcard
A postally unused carte postale which was published by E. Brian, 23 Rue d'Arcole, Paris.
The card bears an early image of the tympanum over the left portal to Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.
The Notre-Dame Fire
On the 15th. April 2019, fire broke out in the attic beneath the cathedral's roof at 18:18. At 18:20 the fire alarm sounded and guards evacuated the cathedral. A guard was sent to investigate, but to the wrong location – the attic of the adjoining sacristy – where he found no fire. About fifteen minutes later the error was discovered, but by the time guards had climbed the three hundred steps to the cathedral attic the fire was well advanced.
The alarm system was not designed to automatically notify the fire brigade, which was summoned at 18:51 after the guards had returned. Firefighters arrived within ten minutes.
Fighting the Notre-Dame Fire
More than 400 firefighters were engaged. A hundred government employees along with police and municipal workers moved precious artefacts to safety via a human chain.
The fire was primarily fought from inside the structure, which was more dangerous for personnel, but reduced potential damage to the cathedral - applying water from outside risked deflecting flames and hot gases (at temperatures up to 800 °C) inwards. Deluge guns were used at lower-than-usual pressures to minimise damage to the cathedral and its contents. Water was supplied by pump-boat from the Seine.
Aerial firefighting was not used because water dropped from heights could have caused structural damage, and heated stone can crack if suddenly cooled. Helicopters were also not used because of dangerous updrafts, but drones were used for visual and thermal imaging, and robots for visual imaging and directing water streams. Molten lead falling from the roof posed a special hazard for firefighters.
By 18:52, smoke was visible from the outside; flames appeared within the next ten minutes. The spire of the cathedral collapsed at 19:50, creating a draft that slammed all the doors and sent a fireball through the attic. Firefighters then retreated from within the attic.
Shortly before the spire fell, the fire had spread to the wooden framework inside the north tower, which supported eight very large bells. Had the bells fallen, it was thought that the damage done as they fell could have collapsed the towers, and with them the entire cathedral.
At 20:30, firefighters abandoned attempts to extinguish the roof and concentrated on saving the towers, fighting from within and between the towers. By 21:45 the fire was under control.
Adjacent apartment buildings were evacuated due to concern about possible collapse, but on the 19th. April the fire brigade ruled out that risk. One firefighter and two police officers were injured.
Damage to Notre-Dame
Most of the wood/metal roof and the spire of the cathedral was destroyed, with about one third of the roof remaining. The remnants of the roof and spire fell atop the stone vault underneath, which forms the ceiling of the cathedral's interior. Some sections of this vaulting collapsed in turn, allowing debris from the burning roof to fall to the marble floor below, but most sections remained intact due to the use of rib vaulting, greatly reducing damage to the cathedral's interior and objects within.
The cathedral contained a large number of artworks, religious relics, and other irreplaceable treasures, including a crown of thorns said to be the one Jesus wore at his crucifixion. Other items were a purported piece of the cross on which Jesus was crucified, the Tunic of St. Louis, a pipe organ by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, and the 14th.-century Virgin of Paris statue.
Some artwork had been removed in preparation for the renovations, and most of the cathedral's sacred relics were held in the adjoining sacristy, which the fire did not reach; all the cathedral's relics survived. Many valuables that were not removed also survived.
Lead joints in some of the 19th.-century stained-glass windows melted, but the three major rose windows, dating back to the 13th. century, were undamaged. Several pews were destroyed, and the vaulted arches were blackened by smoke, though the cathedral's main cross and altar survived, along with the statues surrounding it.
Some paintings, apparently only smoke-damaged, are expected to be transported to the Louvre for restoration. The rooster-shaped reliquary atop the spire was found damaged but intact among the debris. The three pipe organs were not significantly damaged. The largest of the cathedral's bells, the bourdon, was also not damaged. The liturgical treasury of the cathedral and the "Grands Mays" paintings were moved to safety.
Environmental Damage
Airparif said that winds rapidly dispersed the smoke, carrying it away aloft along the Seine corridor. It did not find elevated levels of particulate air pollution at monitoring stations nearby. The Paris police stated that there was no danger from breathing the air around the fire.
The burned-down roof had been covered with over 400 metric tons of lead. Settling dust substantially raised surface lead levels in some places nearby, notably the cordoned-off area and places left open during the fire. Wet cleaning for surfaces and blood tests for children and pregnant women were recommended in the immediate area.
People working on the cathedral after the fire did not initially take the lead precautions required for their own protection; materials leaving the site were decontaminated, but some clothing was not, and some precautions were not correctly followed; as a result, the worksite failed some inspections and was temporarily shut down.
There was also more widespread contamination; testing, clean-up, and public health advisories were delayed for months, and the neighbourhood was not decontaminated for four months, prompting widespread criticism.
Reactions to the Notre-Dame Fire
President of France Emmanuel Macron, postponing a speech to address the Yellow Vests Movement planned for that evening, went to Notre-Dame and gave a brief address there. Numerous world religious and government leaders extended condolences.
Through the night of the fire and into the next day, people gathered along the Seine to hold vigils, sing and pray.
White tarpaulins over metal beams were quickly rigged to protect the interior from the elements. Nettings protect the de-stabilised exterior.
The following Sunday at Saint-Eustache Church, the Archbishop of Paris, Michel Aupetit, honoured the firefighters with the presentation of a book of scriptures saved from the fire.
Investigation Into The Notre-Dame Fire
On the 16th. April, the Paris prosecutor said that there was no evidence of a deliberate act.
The fire has been compared to the similar 1992 Windsor Castle fire and the Uppark fire, among others, and has raised old questions about the safety of similar structures and the techniques used to restore them. Renovation works increase the risk of fire, and a police source reported that they are looking into whether such work had caused this incident.
The renovations presented a fire risk from sparks, short-circuits, and heat from welding (roof repairs involved cutting, and welding lead sheets resting on timber). Normally, no electrical installations were allowed in the roof space due to the extreme fire risk.
The roof framing was of very dry timber, often powdery with age. After the fire, the architect responsible for fire safety at the cathedral acknowledged that the rate at which fire might spread had been underestimated, and experts said it was well known that a fire in the roof would be almost impossible to control.
Of the firms working on the restoration, a Europe Echafaudage team was the only one working there on the day of the fire; the company said no soldering or welding was underway before the fire. The scaffolding was receiving electrical supply for temporary elevators and lighting.
The roofers, Le Bras Frères, said it had followed procedure, and that none of its personnel were on site when the fire broke out. Time-lapse images taken by a camera installed by them showed smoke first rising from the base of the spire.
On the 25th. April, the structure was considered safe enough for investigators to enter. They unofficially stated that they were considering theories involving malfunction of electric bell-ringing apparatus, and cigarette ends discovered on the renovation scaffolding.
Le Bras Frères confirmed its workers had smoked cigarettes, contrary to regulations, but denied that a cigarette butt could have started the fire. The Paris prosecutor's office announced on the 26th. June that no evidence had been found to suggest a criminal motive.
The security employee monitoring the alarm system was new on the job, and was on a second eight-hour shift that day because his relief had not arrived. Additionally, the fire security system used confusing terminology in its referencing parts of the cathedral, which contributed to the initial confusion as to the location of the fire.
As of September, five months after the fire, investigators thought the cause of the fire was more likely an electrical fault than a cigarette. Determining the exact place in which the fire started was expected to take a great deal more time and work. By the 15th. April 2020, investigators stated:
"We believe the fire to have been
started by either a cigarette or a
short circuit in the electrical system".
Reconstruction of Notre-Dame Cathedral
On the night of the fire Macron said that the cathedral, which is owned by the state, would be rebuilt, and launched an international fundraising campaign. France's cathedrals have been owned by the state since 1905, and are not privately insured.
The heritage conservation organisation Fondation du Patrimoine estimated the damage in the hundreds of millions of euros, but losses from the fire are not expected to substantially impact the private insurance industry.
European art insurers stated that the cost would be similar to ongoing renovations at the Palace of Westminster in London, which currently is estimated to be around €7 billion.
This cost does not include damage to any of the artwork or artefacts within the cathedral. Any pieces on loan from other museums would have been insured, but the works owned by the cathedral would not have been insurable.
While Macron hoped the cathedral could be restored in time for the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics, architects expect the work could take from twenty to forty years, as any new structure would need to balance restoring the look of the original building, using wood and stone sourced from the same regions used in the original construction, with the structural reinforcement required for preventing a similar disaster in the future.
There is discussion of whether to reconstruct the cathedral in modified form. Rebuilding the roof with titanium sheets and steel trusses has been suggested; other options include rebuilding in the original lead and wood, or rebuilding with modern materials not visible from the outside (like the reinforced concrete trusses at Reims Cathedral).
Another option would be to use a combination of restored old elements and newly designed ones. Chartres Cathedral was rebuilt with wrought iron trusses and copper sheeting after an 1836 fire.
French prime minister Édouard Philippe announced an architectural design competition for a new spire that would be:
"Adapted to the techniques
and the challenges of our era."
The spire replacement project has gathered a variety of designs and some controversy, particularly its legal exemption from environmental and heritage rules. After the design competition was announced, the French senate amended the government's restoration bill to require the roof to be restored to how it was before the fire.
On the 16th. July, 95 days after the fire, the law that will govern the restoration of the cathedral was finally approved by the French parliament. It recognises its UNESCO World Heritage Site status and the need to respect existing international charters and practices, to:
"Preserve the historic, artistic and architectural
history of the monument, and to limit any
derogations to the existing heritage, planning,
environmental and construction codes to a
minimum".
On the 15th. April 2020, Germany offered to restore some of the large clerestory windows located far above eye level with three expert tradesmen who specialize in rebuilding cathedrals. Monika Grütters, Germany's Commissioner for Culture was quoted as saying that her country would shoulder the costs.
As of the 30th. November all of the tangled scaffolding was removed from the spire area, and was therefore no longer a threat to the building.
The world will now have to wait for Notre-Dame de Paris to be restored to its former magnificence.