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The 13th Battalion of the Golani Brigade during a drill held in the Golan Heights, northern Israel. The NAMER ("Tiger"), a new vehicle combining the artillery abilities of the Merkava tank and the APC's shielding capacities, was fully integrated in this drill for the first time, improving the battle tactics used by the IDF in the field.
Photo by Staff Sgt. (res.) Abir Sultan
Israeli soldiers from the Alpine Unit walk in the snow during a demonstration of their skills for the media on Mount Hermon, near the Israel-Syria border January 22, 2012. The Golan Heights form a strategic plateau between Israel and Syria of about 1, 200 square kilometers (460 square miles). Israel captured it in the 1967 Middle East war and annexed it in 1981 in a move not recognized internationally.
Estonian Defence Force Soldiers live-fire training while serving in Mali with BKN-10 as part of the French led Operation Barkhane.
Photos: n-ltn Liis Vaksmann
Israeli soldiers rest before an exercise in built up area on July 3, 2018 in Tzeelim, South Israel. The soldiers practiced fighting in the Gaza Strip against Hamas militants.
Source: Getty Images Europe
44 Infantry Group Mission Readiness Exercise
130 Defence Forces soldiers from the 44 Infantry Group are entering the final phase of intense training in preparation for the forthcoming deployment to the United Nations Disengagement Observation Forces, (UNDOF) in the Golan Heights region of Syria.
The training took place in the Glen Immal Co Wicklow. The personnel of the unit have a mix of experience, from first trip soldiers and officers, to highly experienced Senior NCO's and Commanders.
The 44 Infantry Group wil deploy to Syria in March, taking over from the 43 Infantry Group who have been serving with UNDOF since September 2013.
The Mission Readiness exercise put commanders and soldiers through a demanding series of scenarios based on the potential threats they may be encountered in the volatile mission area. The Troops face a series of scenarios involving simulated explosive strikes, air mobile helicopter drills,anti-ambush tactics, detailed operational planning and medical evacuation exercises.
Dunstanburgh Castle, built between 1313 and 1322, and a more contemporary helicopter
A short walk from Craster, Northumberland
There are more than 300,000 hand-painted tin soldiers in the Plassenburg Zinnfiguren Museum in the Plassenburg Castle near Kulmbach, Germany 2012
Israeli Soldiers from the Caracal Battalion during a field training exercise – April 2014
Images: Israeli Defence Force
On November 20th, IDF soldiers from the Ground Force's 71st Battalion completed a training exercise in the hilly terrain of the Golan Heights.
Photo Credit: Tal Lisus, IDF Spokesperson's Unit
44 Infantry Group Mission Readiness Exercise
130 Defence Forces soldiers from the 44 Infantry Group are entering the final phase of intense training in preparation for the forthcoming deployment to the United Nations Disengagement Observation Forces, (UNDOF) in the Golan Heights region of Syria.
The training took place in the Glen Immal Co Wicklow. The personnel of the unit have a mix of experience, from first trip soldiers and officers, to highly experienced Senior NCO's and Commanders.
The 44 Infantry Group wil deploy to Syria in March, taking over from the 43 Infantry Group who have been serving with UNDOF since September 2013.
The Mission Readiness exercise put commanders and soldiers through a demanding series of scenarios based on the potential threats they may be encountered in the volatile mission area. The Troops face a series of scenarios involving simulated explosive strikes, air mobile helicopter drills,anti-ambush tactics, detailed operational planning and medical evacuation exercises.
Task: Write a sentence with the words - defence, defeat and detail -
Pupil: De cow jumped over de fence, de feet, before de tail.
HFF!
Explore #258
St. Bees. Following storm damage to the Sea defences south of Sea Mill in October 1996, repairs are underway with Transrail liveried 37212 in attendance.
Paratroopers Prove Themselves On the Ground
The paratroopers of the 101st Battalion had a full week of training to make sure they know exactly what to do once they land on the ground.
Images: Copyright Israel Defence Force
Testing 85mm 2.8 PC-E handheld. It was too dark..
Model, MUA: MM #1779030
Info: Bare SB-600 cam L, triggered with Nikon CLS.
Horse Sand Fort is one of the larger sea forts in the Solent off Portsmouth, UK. The fort is one of four in the waterway.
It is 200 feet (61 m) across, built between 1865 and 1880, with two floors and a basement and armour-plated all round.
Looking pretty derelict now, the owners still appear to be searching for a buyer.
Estonian Defence Force Soldiers live fire training while serving with BKN09 in Mali
Photos: srs Valner Väino
@kaitsevagi.edf
Members of the Austrian Army's Special Forces "e;Jagdkommando"e; are pictured 23 November 2007 in Goetzendorf, northeastern Austria, during a preperation training for the EUFOR mission in Chad. Austria is sending 160 soldiers to support EUFOR in Chad and to protect refuge camps. AFP PHOTO / DIETER NAGL (Photo credit should read DIETER NAGL/AFP/Getty Images)
Welcome to Exmoor
Processed with CameraBag 2
Porlock Weir lies about 1.5 miles west of Porlock, Somerset, England and is a small settlement which has grown up around the harbour.
Porlock Weir, West Somerset, UK
Afghan Officers from the Provincial Police Response Company and Australian Special Operations Task Group Soldiers lift off in a UH-60 Blackhawk helicopter as part of the Shah Wali Kot Offensive.
Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) partnered with Australian Special Forces from the Special Operations Task Group conducted a deliberate operation to clear a Taliban insurgent stronghold in the Shah Wali Kot region of northern Kandahar province.
The Shah Wali Kot Offensive comprised synchronised and deliberate clearance operations involving Australian Commandos combined with a number of surgical helicopter-born assaults from Special Air Service (SAS) troops on key targets.
Removing Taliban insurgents from Afghan communities allows the Government of Afghanistan to establish a presence and gain the trust of the community to provide them with necessary infrastructure and security that was not provided by the insurgents.
The Shah Wali Kot Offensive was part of Australia’s contribution to Operation Hamkari, the Coalition operation to extend the Government of Afghanistan’s influence into Kandahar City.
Estonian Defence Force Soldiers from Estpla-26 during a patrol in Mali in support of the French-led Operation Barkhane – November 2018
Photo: Estonian Defence Force
Estonian Soldiers during their final mission readiness exercise in the vicinity of ̃ before deploying to Iraq as part of ESTGUARD-4, which is part of the NATO Iraq Mission.
Photos: Estonian Defence Force
Estonian Defence Force Soldiers live fire training while serving with BKN09 in Mali
Photos: srs Valner Väino
@kaitsevagi.edf
Students on the Standard NCO Course on exercise in Fort Davis County Cork
Students from the 3rd All Arms Standard NCO course conducting a FIBUA (Fighting in Built up Areas) exercise in Fort Davis, April 2013. During the exercise the students were tested using an Engineer Assault Bridge to gain entry and a Artillery 105mm Gun to break strong points. There are thirty nine students on the course representing the Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery, Engineer, Ordnance, CIS and Air Corp.
Israeli Soldiers from the Caracal battalion during a field training exercise 17th December 2011
Photos: Israel Defence Force
Physical
Physical self defense is the use of physical force to counter an immediate threat of violence. Such force can be either armed or unarmed. In either case, the chances of success depend on a large number of parameters, related to the severity of the threat on one hand, but also on the mental and physical preparedness of the defender.
[edit]Unarmed
Many styles of martial arts are practiced for self-defense or include self-defense techniques. Some styles train primarily for self-defense, while other martial/Combat sports can be effectively applied for self-defense.[citation needed] To provide more practical self-defense, many modern day martial arts schools now use a combination of martial arts styles and techniques, and will often customize self-defense training to suit the participants' lifestyles, occupations, age groups and gender, and physical and mental capabilities.
[edit]Armed
Further information: Non-lethal weapon and knife fight
In some countries, it is legal to use or carry weapons (for example knives, firearms or batons) for purposes of self-defense. In other countries, this may be illegal or may require a license, or some items may be legal to carry without a license, while others, most commonly firearms, are not. Limitations on the use of weapons for personal defense are a source of controversy in some countries, pitting self-defense rights against efforts to combat violent crime via restricting access to common weapons.[citation needed]
Everyday objects, such as baseball bats or aerosol spray cans, can also be used as improvised weapons for self-defense, but are not likely to be as effective as purpose built weapons. Some non-lethal weapons as the Kubotan have also been built to resemble everyday objects, such as keychains.[3]
Pepper spray and personal stun guns are non-lethal self defense alternatives, which are legal in some countries. Pepper sprays can have a range between 5–20 feet, and act by delivering a spray or foam containing highly irritating chemicals. Handheld stun guns operate by delivering an incapacitating electric shock, and must actually come in contact with the assailant to be effective, with the exception of tasers which use gas-propelled barbs connected to the taser by conductive wire to deliver the shock.
[edit]Other forms
[edit]De-escalation
Verbal Self Defense aka 'Verbal Judo'[4] is defined as using one's words to prevent, de-escalate, or end an attempted assault.[5] It is a way of using words as weapons. This kind of 'conflict management' is the use of voice, tone, and body language to calm a potentially violent situation before violence actually ensues. This often involves techniques such as taking a time-out, and deflecting the conversation to individuals in the group who are less passionately involved.
Author Katy Mattingly defines verbal self-defense as simply saying no to someone or repeatedly refusing a request or telling someone who has violated a boundary what you want, or it could entail a more complicated scenario in which you are called on to refuse to engage verbally with someone manipulative, to set limits, and end the conversation.[5]
Suzette Haden Elgin the author of The Gentle Art of Verbal Self-Defense states that verbal self-defense defends against the eight most common types of verbal violence, and redirects and defuses potential verbal confrontations.[6]
[edit]Avoidance
Being aware of and avoiding potentially dangerous situations is an emphasis of self defense. Attackers are typically larger, stronger, and are often armed or have an accomplice. These factors make fighting to defeat the attacker unlikely to succeed. In order to attack, an aggressor must have three elements in place: desire, distance, and decision. If any one of these elements can be removed, an attack can be avoided without resorting to physical self defense.[7] When avoidance is impossible, one often has a better chance at fighting to escape, such methods maybe referred to as 'break away' techniques.[8]
[edit]Personal alarms
Personal alarms are a way to practice passive self defense. A personal alarm is a small, hand-held device that emits strong, loud, high pitched sounds to deter attackers because the noise will draw the attention of passersby. Child alarms often function as locators or device alarms such as triggering an alert when a swimming pool is in use to help prevent dangerous situations in addition to being a deterrent against would-be aggressors.[9][unreliable source?]
[edit]Self-defense education
Self-defense techniques and recommended behavior under the threat of violence is systematically taught in self-defense classes. Commercial self-defense education is part of the martial arts industry in the wider sense, and many martial arts instructors also give self-defense classes. While all martial arts training can be argued to have some self-defense applications, self-defense courses are marketed explicitly as being oriented towards effectiveness and optimized towards situations as they occur in the real world. It should not be presumed however that sport based systems are inadequate, as the training methods employed regularly produce well conditioned fighters experienced in full contact fighting. There are a large number of systems taught commercially, many tailored to the needs of specific target audiences (e.g. defense against attempted rape for women). Notable systems taught commercially include:
civilian versions modern military combatives, such as kapap Krav Maga and Systema
self-defense oriented forms of jujitsu, such as Bartitsu, Goshin Jujitsu, Ketsugo jujutsu, Kodokan Goshin Jutsu, Yawara-Jitsu, etc.
rape prevention, including Rape Aggression Defense System (RAD),[10] AWARE,[11] etc.
Reality-Based Self-Defense (RBSD)[12]
Sport based systems, such as Muay Thai, Boxing, Judo, BJJ, and Wrestling.
[edit]Legal aspects
Main article: Rights of self-defense
Further information: Justifiable homicide, Self-defense (United States), Self-defence in English law, Self-defence (Australia), and Self-defense (Sweden)
The most crucial difference between self-defense training for civilian application in a society under rule of law to military combatives is the necessity to consider the extent of force permitted in a given situation under the self-defense laws of the applicable jurisdiction.
The self-defense laws of modern legislation build on the Roman Law principle of dominium where any attack on the members of the family or the property it owned was a personal attack on the pater familias.[13] In Leviathan (1651), Hobbes argues that although some may be stronger or more intelligent than others in their natural state, none are so strong as to be beyond a fear of violent death, which justifies self-defense as the highest necessity. In his 1918 speech Politik als Beruf (Politics as a Vocation), Max Weber defined a state as an authority having the monopoly of the legitimate means of organised violence within defined territorial boundaries. Modern libertarianism characterizes the majority of laws as intrusive to personal autonomy and, in particular, argues that the right of self-defense from coercion (including violence) is a fundamental human right. In this context, note that Article 12 Universal Declaration of Human Rights states:
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Combined with the principle of the state's monopoly of violence, this means that those authorized by the state to defend the law (in practice, the police) are charged with the use of necessary force to protect such rights. The right to self-defense is limited to situations where the immediate threat of violence cannot be prevented by those authorized to do so (in practice, because no police force is present at the moment of the threat). The right to self-defense granted by law to the private citizen is strictly limited. Use of force that goes beyond what is necessary to dispel the immediate threat of violence is known as excessive self-defense (also self-defense with excessive force, excessive self-defense). The civil law systems have a theory of "abuse of right" to explain denial of justification in such cases. Thus, in English law, the general common law principle is stated in Beckford v R (1988) 1 AC 130:
"A defendant is entitled to use reasonable force to protect himself, others for whom he is responsible and his property. It must be reasonable."
Similar clauses are found in the legislation throughout the western world. They derive historically from article 6 of the French Penal Code of 1791, which ruled that "manslaughter is legitimate if it is indispensably dictated by the present necessity of legitimate defense of oneself or others".[14] The modern French penal code further specifies that excessive self-defense is punishable due to "disproportion between the means of defense used and the gravity of the attack" defended against.[15]
The evaluation of whether use of force was excessive in a given case can be a difficult task. The British Law Commission Report on Partial Defences to Murder (2004) Part 4 (pp78/86) recommends a redefinition of provocation to cover situations where a person acts lethally out of fear. This reflects the present view of psychiatrists that most people act in violent situations with a combination of fear and anger in their minds, and to separate these two types of affect is not legally constructive. In practice, self-defense laws still do make this distinction. German criminal law (§ 33) distinguishes "asthenic affect" (fear) from "sthenic affect" (anger). Excessive self-defense out of asthenic affect is not punishable. Outside of the western world, justifiable self-defense tends to be interpreted more loosely, including the right to defend against any criminal act, without limitations to reasonable or proportionate use of force based on the magnitude of the crime. Instead, it may simply be the minimum amount of force required to stop the criminal, which may lethal even for relatively small crimes. Thus, the Intermediate People's Court of Foshan, People's Republic of China in a 2009 case ruled as justifiable self-defense the killing of a robber who was trying to escape, because "the robbery was still in progress" at this time.
Sorry I have not been on for a while, had major computer problems recently which ended in a new motherboard and complete reinstall.
Anyway this is a shot taken some months ago reprocessed using new Camera RAW 7.1. I am impressed so far......
The ‘Boom Defence’ was a metal net suspended underwater to protect the Grand Harbour from any surface or underwater attack, being lifted and lowered as required. This system was built in 1909 and saw use from 1935-1945 in particular.
Focus on the goal, not the cold.
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The Israel Defence Force Alpinist Unit is an infantry special reserve unit that uses special equipment and transportation, like snowmobiles, to navigate around Mount Hermon, which borders Syria and Lebanon and acts as a strategic asset.
Photos: IDF
The Sea Defences on the Wirral Peninsular are bounded to the west by the River Dee, forming a boundary with Wales, to the east by the River Mersey, and to the north by the Irish Sea. The earliest evidence of human occupation of Wirral dates from the Mesolithic period, around 7000 BC. Excavations at Greasby have uncovered flint tools, signs of stake holes and a hearth used by a hunter-gatherer community. Around 70 AD, the Romans founded Chester. Evidence of their occupation on Wirral have been found.
Caldy Wirral England.
The sea defence wall. Sexagon concrete blocks on the South shore at Blackpool, Lancashire, North West England, UK.
Marc had just received the verdict on his PhD oral defence -- he'd passed. Here, he was with his wife and daughter as we were all getting ready to leave the defence room. He still had his academic gown on. His daughter smiled a moment later, but I like this picture better.
Under fluorescent lights, the colours were a little more garish than I'd like, so I converted it to b&w. In so doing, I punched up the local contrast all around (except their faces), to give it a kind of cartoony feel. There is little in real life that is as cartoony as getting advanced academic degrees.