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The genus Pulsatilla contains about 33 species of herbaceous perennials native to meadows and prairies of North America, Europe, and Asia. Common names include pasque flower (or pasqueflower), wind flower, prairie crocus, Easter Flower, and meadow anemone. These early spring flowers are called Pasque Flowers because they bloom around Easter, later in the high elevation at Lake Tahoe.
Several species are valued ornamentals because of their finely-dissected leaves, solitary bell-shaped hairy flowers, and plumed seed heads. The showy part of the flower consists of sepals. It has been used as a medicine by Native Americans for centuries, and is the state flower for South Dakota.
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Monasteries are getting more alive when Tibetans are visiting.
Drepung Monastery was founded in 1416 by Jamyang Choje Tashi Palden (1397-1449), and named after the sacred abode of Shridhanyakataka in South India. Jamyang Choje was one of Tsongkhapa`s foremost disciples, and it is known that Tsongkhapa himself taught at the site of the new monastery. The complex developed rapidly with the assistance of the Phakmodru kings, especially Nedong Namka Zangpo, so that by its second year there were 2000 monks. In the early years of the 16th century, the Second Dalai Lama took possesion of the Ganden Podrang at Drepung, which was later to become an important centre of political power in Tibet. At the time when the Fifth Dalai Lama assumed spiritual and temporal power in 1641, Drepung had approximately 10000 affiliated monks, who hailed from 321 different branch monasteries and lived according to nationality in 50-60 different houses, making it the largest monastery in the world. Drepung`s influence within the Gelukpa world extended far to the east and northeast through Amdo and Mongolia. The abbot-preceptor of drepung, known as the Tripa Khenpo, was formerly an influential figure within the Tibetan government.
Much of the 20000 sq m complex at Drepung has survived unscathed, despite repeated plunder inflicted upon it - by King Tsangpa Desi of Zhigatse during the civil war in 1618, by the Mongols in 1635, Lhazang Qan in 1706 and the Chinese during the recent Cultural Revolution.
Many of the surviving buildings date from the 17th-18th century. The monastery reopened in 1980, with a population of approximately 500, most of them young novices, but in recent years the numbers have been considerably reduced in consequence of the active programme of political indoctrination initiated here by resident communist party cadres.
The complex consists of the Central Assembly Hall ( Tsokchen Lhakang), the Ganden Palace ( Ganden Podrang), and a series of seven colleges ( Tratsang), each originally under the control of one or other of Jamyang Choje`s students, and each containing its own residential units (Khangtsang). Four of these colleges (Ngakpa, Loseling, Deyang, and Tashi Gomang) survive to the present. The other three, Dulwa, Sha-khor, and Tosamling, unfortunately declined during the 18th century. The pilgrim`s circumambulatory route around Drepung follows the sequence Ganden Podrang, assembly Hall, Ngakpa Tratsang, Jamyang Lhakhang, Loseling Tratsang, Tashi Gomang Tratsang and Deyang Tratsang.
Aus dem fernen Osten hat der Containerzug das Ziel seiner Reise bald erreicht. Zur BMW Niederlassung in Wackersdorf/Altenschwand ist er unterwegs.
Sunset scence of Wat Mahathat temple in the Sukhothai Historical Park contains the ruins of old Sukhothai, Thailand, UNESCO world Heritage Site.
Container-Umschlag-Gerät "ULS" im ehemaligen BW Schweinfurt abgestellt.
Die Bundesbahn beschaffte zur Erprobung 4 solcher Geräte, mit denen Container von Nahgüterzügen in Ferngüterzüge und umgekehrt umgeladen werden sollten. Dieses Projekt war vom Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie gefördert worden, wurde von der DB aber wegen zu viel Logistikaufwand verworfen.
Aufnahme: 04.09.1982 Dia-Scan
SN/NC: Persea Americana, Laureaceae Family
The avocado (Persea Americana), a tree with probable origin in south-central Mexico, is classified as a member of the flowering plant family Lauraceae. The fruit of the plant also called an avocado (or avocado pear or alligator pear), is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. Avocados are commercially valuable and are cultivated in tropical and Mediterranean climates throughout the world. They have a green-skinned, fleshy body that may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. Commercially, they ripen after harvesting. Avocado trees are partially self-pollinating and are often propagated through grafting to maintain predictable fruit quality and quantity. In 2017, Mexico produced34% of the world's supply of avocados. The word "avocado" comes from the Spanish aguacate, which in turn comes from the Nahuatl word āhuacatl [aːˈwakat͡ɬ], which goes back to the theproto-Aztecan *pa:wa which also meant "avocado".Sometimes the Nahuatl word was used with the meaning "testicle", probably because of the likeness between the fruit and the body part. The modern English name comes from an English rendering of the Spanish aguacate as avogato. The earliest known written use in English is attested from 1697 as "avocado pear", a term which was later corrupted as "alligator pear". Because the word avogato sounded like"advocate", several languages reinterpreted it to have that meaning. French uses avocat, which also means lawyer, and"advocate" — forms of the word appear in several Germanic languages, such as the (now obsolete) German Advogato-Birne, the old Danish advokat-pære (today is called avocado), and the Dutch advocaatpeer. Regional Names: In other Central American and Caribbean Spanish-speaking countries, it is known by the Mexican name, while South American Spanish-speaking countries use a Quechua-derived word, palta. InPortuguese, it is abacate. The fruit is sometimes called an avocado pear or alligator pear (due to its shape and the rough green skin of some cultivars). The Nahuatl āhuacatl can be compounded with other words, as in ahuacamolli, meaning avocado soup or sauce, from which the Spanish word guacamole derives. In the United Kingdom, the term avocado pear is still sometimes misused as applied when avocados first became commonly available in the 1960s. Originating as a diminutive in Australian English, a clipped form, avo, has since become a common colloquialism in South Africa and the United Kingdom. It is known as"butter fruit" in parts of India.
O abacate é o frutocomestível do abacateiro (Persea americana), uma árvore da família da Lauraceae nativa do México ouda América do Sul, hoje extensamente cultivada em regiões tropicais e subtropicais,inclusive nas Ilhas Canárias, na Ilha da Madeira e na Sicília."Abacate" originou-se do náuatle, língua falada por grupos indígenasque habitavam o México e El Salvador. O vocábulo āhuacatl, naquele idioma, significa "testículo" e foi utilizado para nomear o fruto. Tem mais de 30% de gorduras (extraída comercialmente da semente, como do mesocarpo do fruto e de aplicação cosmética ), é rico em açúcares e vitaminas e possui umdos mais elevados teores de proteínas evitamina A entre as frutas. Possui, ainda, quantidades úteis de ferro,magnésio e vitaminas C, E e B6 ,além da vitamina A. É consumido isoladamente ou em saladas temperadas com molhos, como no guacamole,prato da culinária mexicana, ou como sobremesa, batido com leite e açúcar ou com açúcar e limão, em Moçambique e no Brasil. De janeiro a dezembro, com ênfase em abril e maio. É realizada normalmente utilizando escadas e tesouras apropriadas, ou "apanhadores de saco" que são utilizados para colher os frutos nas partes mais altas da árvore. Os frutos não devem ser colhidos sem pedúnculo, os quais devem ser aparados, deixando-se 6 a 10mm de seu comprimento para facilitar o acondicionamento na embalagem. O abacate era amplamente cultivado antes da conquista espanhola, mas só mereceu a atenção dos horticultores no século XIX. O nome náuatle do fruto é ahuacatl (o qual significa "testículo", em referência a sua forma), que originou, em espanhol, a palavra aguacate .O abacate é um fruto arredondado ou piriforme, de peso médio de 500 a 1 500g. Sua casca varia, em colorido, do verde aovermelho-escuro, passando pelo pardo, violáceo ou negro. As suas duas principais variedades são a Strong (cor verde) e a Hass (cor roxa). A árvore, o abacateiro, atinge até 30m e cresce melhor em climas quentes. Recentemente começou a ser comercializado na Europa uma nova variedade de abacate, desenvolvido pela empresa norte-americana Apeel, e que irá ter uma vida média 2 vezes superior ao das variedades existente. Além do seu valor nutritivo a Persea americana é amplamente utilizada na Medicina Ayurvédica para o tratamento de várias doenças, tais como hipertensão, dor de estômago, bronquite, diarreia,e diabetes. Pesquisas tem evidenciado que seu extrato aquoso tem atividade analgésica e anti-inflamatória comparável ao ácido acetilsalicílico. Na década de 1960 alguns estudos realizados por Grant demonstraram que o consumo do abacate ocasionou uma diminuição do colesterol de 8,7 a 42,8%. Mais tarde, no ano de 1992, uma pesquisa no Hospital Geral de Morélia observou uma diminuição significativa tanto no nível de colesterol quanto no nível plasmático de triglicérides. A diminuição do triglicérides foi inesperada visto que o abacate caracteriza-se como uma das frutas mais ricas em triglicérides. (Pamplona, p. 75). Normalmente o ferro que se encontra nos vegetais é assimilado com maior dificuldade pelo organismo, no entanto, o ferro do abacate é relativamente melhor assimilado do que outros alimentos de origem vegetal, mesmo este não sendo do tipo "hem" (Ibid., 75)
El aguacate (Persea americana), también conocido como palta (quechua), cura, avocado (inglés) o abacate (portugués) es un árbol con fruto comestible que pertenece a la familia Lauraceae,una de las más antiguas entre las plantas con flores. En esta familia seincluyen alrededor de 3,000 especies principalmente arbóreas de regionestropicales y subtropicales, incluyendo a la canela (Cinnamomumverum), al laurel (Laurus nobilis) y al árbol de sasafrás (Sassafras albidum). "Antesque los humanos gozáramos de los aguacates, fueron un fruto preferido de losgrandes mamíferos de la Edad de Hielo." El género Persea tienealrededor de 90 especies en América, desde el centro de México hastaCentroamérica. Su centro de origen parece ser Mesoamérica y particularmente losbosques nublados. El nombre aguacate proviene del náhuatl ahuacatl,que significa "testículos del árbol". El árbol crece hasta 20 metrosde altura, pero generalmente en los cultivos se mantiene de menos de cincometros. Su nombre proviene del náhuatl ahuacatl, que significa"testículos de árbol". El árbol crece hasta 20 metros de altura, perogeneralmente en los cultivos se mantiene de menos de 5 metros. Del aguacate (Perseaamericana) se reconocen tres razas o variedades botánicas:mexicana, auácatl (P.a. var. drymioflia);guatemalteca, quilauácatl (P.a. var. guatemalensis),y antillana tlacozalauácatl (P.a. var. americana)que dan lugar a una gran cantidad de híbridos. Existen una gran diversidad decultivares nativos, que actualmente son conocidos en muchas regiones como"criollos". Además, en los últimos 100 años, se han desarrolladoalrededor de 400 cultivares, entre los que sobresalen "Fuerte","Hass", "Bacon", "Pinkerton", "Gwen" y"Reed". Sabía usted que el aguacate (palta), ha sido llamado elalimento más perfecto del mundo? Se ha logrado esta distinción porquemuchos nutricionistas afirman que no sólo contiene todo lo que unapersona necesita para sobrevivir; pero también se ha encontrado que contribuyea la prevención y control de la enfermedad como Alzheimer, cáncer, diabetes,enfermedades cardíacas y otras condiciones de salud. El aguacate (Perseagratissima o P. americana) se originó en Puebla, México y su uso más antiguo seremonta a 10.000 años AC. Desde el año 900, el árbol de aguacate se hacultivado y cultiva en América Central y del Sur. En el siglo 19, elaguacate hizo su entrada en California, y se ha convertido en uncultivo comercial muy exitoso. Noventa y cinco por ciento (95%) de losaguacates producidos en los EE.UU. crecen en el sur de California. El aguacate, tieneun alto contenido de fibra, sodio, y libre de colesterol, alimentoque proporciona cerca de 20 nutrientes esenciales, incluyendo la fibra. Esrico en grasas saludables monoinsaturadas y poliinsaturadas (como los ácidosgrasos omega 3), vitaminas A, C, D, E K, y vitaminas del complejo B (tiamina,riboflavina,niacina, ácido pantoténico, biotina, vitamina B-6, vitamina B-12 yácido fólico), así como el potasio. Los alimentos naturalmente ricos enácidos grasos omega 3, como el aguacate, son ampliamente reconocidos como elsecreto para tener un corazón sano, un cerebro brillante y ojosde águila. El Dr. Daniel G. Amen, un neurocientífico clínico,psiquiatra, experto en creación de imágenes del cerebro y autor del bestsellerdel New York Times, "Cambia tu Cerebro, Cambia tu Vida"incluye al aguacate como uno de los alimentos más importantes quepuede ayudar a prevenir la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Eso no sólo a causa del contenidoen ácidos grasos omega-3 del aguacate, sino también su contenido de vitaminaE (revista internacional llamada "Enfermedades y TrastornosAsociados al Alzheimer", presentó sus conclusiones de años de ensayosclínicos); las dosis elevadas de vitamina E pueden neutralizar losradicales libres y la acumulación de proteínas para revertirla pérdida de memoria en los pacientes de Alzheimer; contrarrestarlos síntomas del Alzheimer en las etapas temprana y retrasar la progresión dela enfermedad; el contenido de folato ayuda a prevenir la formaciónde las fibras nerviosas enredadas asociados con la enfermedad de Alzheimer.Las virtudes del aguacate son demasiado numerosas para mencionarlas, pero aquíseñalamos algunos cuantos beneficios para la salud que su perfil nutricionalproporciona: Las grasas monoinsaturadas - Estostipos de grasas ayudan a controlar los triglicéridos en la sangre, disminuir elcolesterol en la sangre y controlar la diabetes. El folato -Esta vitamina B soluble en agua-promueve el desarrollo saludable de las célulasy tejidos. Según el "Instituto Nacional de la Oficina de Salud de losSuplementos Dietéticos", "Esto es especialmente importantedurante los períodos de rápida división celular y el crecimiento como en lainfancia y el embarazo. El folato es también esencial para el metabolismo de lahomocisteína y ayuda a mantener niveles normales de este aminoácido." Luteína -Este es un carotenoide (pigmento natural) que protege contra las cataratas yciertos tipos de cáncer, y reduce el riesgo de degeneración macular, laprincipal causa de ceguera en adultos de 65 años de edad y mayores.Losaguacates contienen tres veces o más luteína que en otras verduras y frutascomunes. Ácido oleico y Potasio - Ambos nutrientestambién ayudan a reducir el colesterol y reducir el riesgo de presión arterialalta. Asi que ya sabe... A COMER AGUACATE ! ! !
De avocado(Persea americana), een boom met vermoedelijke oorsprong in zuid-centraalMexico, is geclassificeerd als een lid van de bloeiende plantenfamilieLauraceae. De vrucht van de plant, ook wel avocado (of avocado-peer ofalligatorpeer) genoemd, is botanisch gezien een grote bes die één groot zaadbevat. Avocado's zijn commercieel waardevol en worden over de hele wereld intropische en mediterrane klimaten gekweekt. Ze hebben een groen, vlezig lichaamdat peervormig, eivormig of bolvormig kan zijn. Commercieel rijpen ze na deoogst. Avocadobomen zijn gedeeltelijk zelfbestuivend en worden vaak vermeerderddoor enten om een voorspelbare fruitkwaliteit en kwantiteit te behouden. In2017 produceerde Mexico 34% van het wereldaanbod aan avocado's. Het woord"avocado" komt van het Spaanse aguacate, dat op zijn beurt komt vanhet Nahuatl-woord āhuacatl [aːˈwakat͡ɬ], dat teruggaat op het proto-Azteekse*pa:wa wat ook "avocado" betekende. Soms werd het Nahuatl-woordgebruikt met de betekenis "testikel", waarschijnlijk vanwege degelijkenis tussen de vrucht en het lichaamsdeel. Het wordt beschouwd als het"perfecte voedsel" dat helpt om ziekten te genezen en andere tevoorkomen.
L'avocado (Persea americana), albero di probabile origine nel Messico centro-meridionale, è classificato come membro della famiglia delle piante da fiore delle Lauracee. Il frutto della pianta, chiamato anche avocado (o pera avocado o pera alligatore), è botanicamente una grande bacca contenente un unico grande seme. Gli avocado sono commercialmente preziosi e sono coltivati nei climi tropicali e mediterranei di tutto il mondo. Hanno un corpo carnoso dalla pelle verde che può essere a forma di pera, a forma di uovo o sferico. Commercialmente, maturano dopo la raccolta. Gli alberi di avocado sono parzialmente autoimpollinanti e vengono spesso propagati tramite innesto per mantenere prevedibili la qualità e la quantità dei frutti. Nel 2017, il Messico ha prodotto il 34% della fornitura mondiale di avocado. La parola "avocado" deriva dallo spagnolo aguacate, che a sua volta deriva dalla parola nahuatl āhuacatl [aːˈwakat͡ɬ], che risale al proto-azteco *pa:wa che significava anche "avocado". Talvolta la parola nahuatl veniva usata con il significato di "testicolo", probabilmente per la somiglianza tra il frutto e la parte del corpo. È considerato il "cibo perfetto" che aiuta a curare le malattie e a prevenirne altre.
L'avocatier (Persea americana), un arbre probablement originaire du centre-sud du Mexique, est classé parmi les plantes à fleurs de la famille des Lauracées. Le fruit de la plante, également appelé avocat (ou poire avocat ou poire alligator), est botaniquement une grosse baie contenant une seule grosse graine. Les avocats ont une valeur commerciale et sont cultivés dans les climats tropicaux et méditerranéens du monde entier. Ils ont un corps charnu à la peau verte qui peut être en forme de poire, en forme d'œuf ou sphérique. Commercialement, ils mûrissent après la récolte. Les avocatiers sont partiellement autogames et sont souvent propagés par greffage pour maintenir une qualité et une quantité de fruits prévisibles. En 2017, le Mexique a produit 34 % de l'offre mondiale d'avocats. Le mot "avocat" vient de l'espagnol aguacate, qui à son tour vient du mot nahuatl āhuacatl [aːˈwakat͡ɬ], qui remonte au proto-aztèque *pa:wa qui signifiait aussi "avocat". Parfois, le mot nahuatl était utilisé avec le sens "testicule", probablement à cause de la ressemblance entre le fruit et la partie du corps. Il est considéré comme "l'aliment parfait" aidant à guérir les maladies et à en prévenir d'autres.
Die Avocado (Persea americana), ein Baum mit wahrscheinlichem Ursprung in Süd-Zentral-Mexiko, wird als Mitglied der blühenden Pflanzenfamilie Lauraceae klassifiziert. Die Frucht der Pflanze, auch Avocado (oder Avocadobirne oder Alligatorbirne) genannt, ist botanisch gesehen eine große Beere, die einen einzigen großen Samen enthält. Avocados sind kommerziell wertvoll und werden in tropischen und mediterranen Klimazonen auf der ganzen Welt angebaut. Sie haben einen grünhäutigen, fleischigen Körper, der birnenförmig, eiförmig oder kugelförmig sein kann. Kommerziell reifen sie nach der Ernte. Avocadobäume sind teilweise selbstbestäubend und werden oft durch Pfropfen vermehrt, um eine vorhersagbare Fruchtqualität und -quantität aufrechtzuerhalten. Im Jahr 2017 produzierte Mexiko 34 % des weltweiten Angebots an Avocados. Das Wort „Avocado" kommt vom spanischen aguacate, das wiederum vom Nahuatl-Wort āhuacatl [aːˈwakat͡ɬ] stammt, das auf das proto-aztekische *pa:wa zurückgeht, was ebenfalls „Avocado" bedeutet. Manchmal wurde das Nahuatl-Wort mit der Bedeutung „Hoden" verwendet, wahrscheinlich wegen der Ähnlichkeit zwischen der Frucht und dem Körperteil. Es gilt als das "perfekte Lebensmittel", das hilft, Krankheiten zu heilen und anderen vorzubeugen.
アボカド (Persea americana) はメキシコ中南部に起源があると考えられている木で、顕花植物のクスノキ科のメンバーとして分類されています。アボカド（またはアボカドナシまたはワニナシ）とも呼ばれる植物の果実は、植物学的に単一の大きな種子を含む大きなベリーです.アボカドは商業的に価値があり、世界中の熱帯および地中海性気候で栽培されています。彼らは緑色の肌をした肉付きの良い体をしており、ナシ型、卵型、または球形の場合があります。商業的には、収穫後に熟します。アボカドの木は部分的に自家受粉し、多くの場合、予測可能な果実の品質と量を維持するために接ぎ木によって繁殖します. 2017 年、メキシコは世界のアボカド供給量の 34% を生産しました。 「アボカド」という言葉はスペイン語の aguacate に由来し、これはナワトル語の āhuacatl [aːˈwakat͡ɬ] に由来し、これは「アボカド」を意味する原アステカの *pa:wa にまでさかのぼります。ナワトル語が「睾丸」という意味で使われることもありましたが、これはおそらく果実と体の部分が似ているためでしょう。病気を治したり、他人を予防したりするのに役立つ「完璧な食べ物」と考えられています.
تصنف الأفوكادو (Persea americana) ، وهي شجرة ذات أصل محتمل في جنوب وسط المكسيك ، على أنها عضو في عائلة النباتات المزهرة Lauraceae. ثمرة النبات ، التي تسمى أيضًا الأفوكادو (أو كمثرى الأفوكادو أو الكمثرى التمساح) ، هي نباتًا توتًا كبيرًا يحتوي على بذرة واحدة كبيرة. تعتبر الأفوكادو ذات قيمة تجارية وتتم زراعتها في المناخات الاستوائية والبحر الأبيض المتوسط في جميع أنحاء العالم. لديهم جسم سمين ذو بشرة خضراء قد يكون على شكل كمثرى أو بيضة أو كروي. تجاريا ، تنضج بعد الحصاد. تعتبر أشجار الأفوكادو ذاتية التلقيح جزئيًا ، وغالبًا ما يتم نشرها من خلال التطعيم للحفاظ على جودة وكمية الفاكهة التي يمكن التنبؤ بها. في عام 2017 ، أنتجت المكسيك 34٪ من المعروض العالمي من الأفوكادو. تأتي كلمة "أفوكادو" من الكلمة الإسبانية aguacate ، والتي تأتي بدورها من كلمة Nahuatl [awakat] ، والتي تعود إلى proto-Aztecan * pa: wa والتي تعني أيضًا "الأفوكادو". في بعض الأحيان تم استخدام كلمة الناهيوتل بمعنى "الخصية" ، ربما بسبب التشابه بين الثمرة وجزء الجسم. يعتبر "الغذاء المثالي" الذي يساعد على شفاء الأمراض والوقاية من الآخرين.
Your next breath will contain more than 400,000 argon atoms breathed by Gandhi.
....
Argon makes up about 1% of the Earth’s atmosphere.
1% of the Earth's atmosphere means 60 trillion tons of argon.
There are about 3x1019 argon atoms in each breath we take. (That's 30,000,000,000,000,000,000)
From your next breath exhaled - the argon quickly spreads:
By nightfall it is all over the neighborhood,
In a week it is all over the country,
In a year it is spread evenly all over the earth, and
Inhalation one year from now gets at least 15 of them back.
We are rebreathing argon atoms of our and other's breaths.
These argon atoms associate us with the past and future.
The first gasp of every baby born one year ago had argon since breathed by you.
Likewise, the last gasp of all the dying.
Your next breath will contain more than 400,000 argon atoms breathed by Gandhi.
Your next breath will contain argon atoms from:
Conversations at The Last Supper,
Arguments of diplomats at Yalta,
Recitations of Homer and Shakespeare, and
Battle cries at Waterloo.
Likewise, the future generations will share yours.
We are intimately associated with the past and the future.
...
Flypaper textures
POIMANDRES, THE VISION OF HERMES
The Divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus is one of the earliest of the Hermetic writings now extant. While probably not in its original form, having been remodeled during the first centuries of the Christian Era and incorrectly translated since, this work undoubtedly contains many of the original concepts of the Hermetic cultus. The Divine Pymander consists of seventeen fragmentary writings gathered together and put forth as one work. The second book of The Divine Pymander, called Poimandres, or The Vision, is believed to describe the method by which the divine wisdom was first revealed to Hermes. It was after Hermes had received this revelation that he began his ministry, teaching to all who would listen the secrets of the invisible universe as they had been unfolded to him.
The Vision is the most: famous of all the Hermetic fragments, and contains an exposition of Hermetic cosmogony and the secret sciences of the Egyptians regarding the culture and unfoldment of the human soul. For some time it was erroneously called "The Genesis of Enoch," but that mistake has now been rectified. At hand while preparing the following interpretation of the symbolic philosophy concealed within The Vision of Hermes the present author has had these reference works: The Divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus (London, 1650), translated out of the Arabic and Greek by Dr. Everard; Hermetica (Oxford, 1924), edited by Walter Scott; Hermes, The Mysteries of Egypt (Philadelphia, 1925), by Edouard Schure; and the Thrice-Greatest Hermes (London, 1906), by G. R. S. Mead. To the material contained in the above volumes he has added commentaries based upon the esoteric philosophy of the ancient Egyptians, together with amplifications derived partly from other Hermetic fragments and partly from the secret arcanum of the Hermetic sciences. For the sake of clarity, the narrative form has been chosen in preference to the original dialogic style, and obsolete words have given place to those in current use.Hermes, while wandering in a rocky and desolate place, gave himself over to meditation and prayer. Following the secret instructions of the Temple, he gradually freed his higher consciousness from the bondage of his bodily senses; and, thus released, his divine nature revealed to him the mysteries of the transcendental spheres. He beheld a figure, terrible and awe-inspiring. It was the Great Dragon, with wings stretching across the sky and light streaming in all directions from its body. (The Mysteries taught that the Universal Life was personified as a dragon.) The Great Dragon called Hermes by name, and asked him why he thus meditated upon the World Mystery. Terrified by the spectacle, Hermes prostrated himself before the Dragon, beseeching it to reveal its identity. The great creature answered that it was Poimandres, the Mind of the Universe, the Creative Intelligence, and the Absolute Emperor of all. (Schure identifies Poimandres as the god Osiris.) Hermes then besought Poimandres to disclose the nature of the universe and the constitution of the gods. The Dragon acquiesced, bidding Trismegistus hold its image in his mind.Immediately the form of Poimandres changed. Where it had stood there was a glorious and pulsating Radiance. This Light was the spiritual nature of the Great Dragon itself. Hermes was "raised" into the midst of this Divine Effulgence and the universe of material things faded from his consciousness. Presently a great darkness descended and, expanding, swallowed up the Light. Everything was troubled. About Hermes swirled a mysterious watery substance which gave forth a smokelike vapor. The air was filled with inarticulate moanings and sighings which seemed to come from the Light swallowed up in the darkness. His mind told Hermes thatthe Light was the form of the spiritual universe and that the swirling darkness which had engulfed it represented material substance.Then out of the imprisoned Light a mysterious and Holy Word came forth and took its stand upon the smoking waters. This Word--the Voice of the Light--rose out of the darkness as a great pillar, and the fire and the air followed after it, but the earth and the water remained unmoved below. Thus the waters of Light were divided from the waters of darkness, and from the waters of Light were formed the worlds above and from the waters of darkness were formed the worlds below. The earth and the water next mingled, becoming inseparable, and the Spiritual Word which is called Reason moved upon their surface, causing endless turmoil.Then again was heard the voice of Poimandres, but His form was not revealed: "I Thy God am the Light and the Mind which were before substance was divided from spirit and darkness from Light. And the Word which appeared as a pillar of flame out of the darkness is the Son of God, born of the mystery of the Mind. The name of that Word is Reason. Reason is the offspring of Thought and Reason shall divide the Light from the darkness and establish Truth in the midst of the waters. Understand, O Hermes, and meditate deeply upon the mystery. That which in you sees and hears is not of the earth, but is the Word of God incarnate. So it is said that Divine Light dwells in the midst of mortal darkness, and ignorance cannot divide them. The union of the Word and the Mind produces that mystery which is called Life. As the darkness without you is divided against itself, so the darkness within you is likewise divided. The Light and the fire which rise are the divine man, ascending in the path of the Word, and that which fails to ascend is the mortal man, which may not partake of immortality. Learn deeply of the Mind and its mystery, for therein lies the secret of immortality."The Dragon again revealed its form to Hermes, and for a long time the two looked steadfastly one upon the other, eye to eye, so that Hermes trembled before the gaze of Poimandres. At the Word of the Dragon the heavens opened and the innumerable Light Powers were revealed, soaring through Cosmos on pinions of streaming fire. Hermes beheld the spirits of the stars, the celestials controlling the universe, and all those Powers which shine with the radiance of the One Fire--the glory of the Sovereign Mind. Hermes realized that the sight which he beheld was revealed to him only because Poimandres had spoken a Word. The Word was Reason, and by the Reason of the Word invisible things were made manifest. Divine Mind--the Dragon--continued its discourse:"Before the visible universe was formed its mold was cast. This mold was called the Archetype, and this Archetype was in the Supreme Mind long before the process of creation began. Beholding the Archetypes, the Supreme Mind became enamored with Its own thought; so, taking the Word as a mighty hammer, It gouged out caverns in primordial space and cast the form of the spheres in the Archetypal mold, at the same time sowing in the newly fashioned bodies the seeds of living things. The darkness below, receiving the hammer of the Word, was fashioned into an orderly universe. The elements separated into strata and each brought forth living creatures. The Supreme Being--the Mind--male and female, brought forth the Word; and the Word, suspended between Light and darkness, was delivered of another Mind called the Workman, the Master-Builder, or the Maker of Things.
"In this manner it was accomplished, O Hermes: The Word moving like a breath through space called forth the Fire by the friction of its motion. Therefore, the Fire is called the Son of Striving. The Workman passed as a whirlwind through the universe, causing the substances to vibrate and glow with its friction, The Son of Striving thus formed Seven Governors, the Spirits of the Planets, whose orbits bounded the world; and the Seven Governors controlled the world by the mysterious power called Destiny given them by the Fiery Workman. When the Second Mind (The Workman) had organized Chaos, the Word of God rose straightway our of its prison of substance, leaving the elements without Reason, and joined Itself to the nature of the Fiery Workman. Then the Second Mind, together with the risen Word, established Itself in the midst of the universe and whirled the wheels of the Celestial Powers. This shall continue from an infinite beginning to an infinite end, for the beginning and the ending are in the same place and state."Then the downward-turned and unreasoning elements brought forth creatures without Reason. Substance could not bestow Reason, for Reason had ascended out of it. The air produced flying things and the waters such as swim. The earth conceived strange four-footed and creeping beasts, dragons, composite demons, and grotesque monsters. Then the Father--the Supreme Mind--being Light and Life, fashioned a glorious Universal Man in Its own image, not an earthy man but a heavenly Man dwelling in the Light of God. The Supreme Mind loved the Man It had fashioned and delivered to Him the control of the creations and workmanships."The Man, desiring to labor, took up His abode in the sphere of generation and observed the works of His brother--the Second Mind--which sat upon the Ring of the Fire. And having beheld the achievements of the Fiery Workman, He willed also to make things, and His Father gave permission. The Seven Governors, of whose powers He partook, rejoiced and each gave the Man a share of Its own nature."The Man longed to pierce the circumference of the circles and understand the mystery of Him who sat upon the Eternal Fire. Having already all power, He stooped down and peeped through the seven Harmonies and, breaking through the strength of the circles, made Himself manifest to Nature stretched out below. The Man, looking into the depths, smiled, for He beheld a shadow upon the earth and a likeness mirrored in the waters, which shadow and likeness were a reflection of Himself. The Man fell in love with His own shadow and desired to descend into it. Coincident with the desire, the Intelligent Thing united Itself with the unreasoning image or shape."Nature, beholding the descent, wrapped herself about the Man whom she loved, and the two were mingled. For this reason, earthy man is composite. Within him is the Sky Man, immortal and beautiful; without is Nature, mortal and destructible. Thus, suffering is the result of the Immortal Man's falling in love with His shadow and giving up Reality to dwell in the darkness of illusion; for, being immortal, man has the power of the Seven Governors--also the Life, the Light, and the Word-but being mortal, he is controlled by the Rings of the Governors--Fate or Destiny."Of the Immortal Man it should be said that He is hermaphrodite, or male and female, and eternally watchful. He neither slumbers nor sleeps, and is governed by a Father also both male and female, and ever watchful. Such is the mystery kept hidden to this day, for Nature, being mingled in marriage with the Sky Man, brought forth a wonder most wonderful--seven men, all bisexual, male and female, and upright of stature, each one exemplifying the natures of the Seven Governors. These O Hermes, are the seven races, species, and wheels."After this manner were the seven men generated. Earth was the female element and water the male element, and from the fire and the æther they received their spirits, and Nature produced bodies after the species and shapes of men. And man received the Life and Light of the Great Dragon, and of the Life was made his Soul and of the Light his Mind. And so, all these composite creatures containing immortality, but partaking of mortality, continued in this state for the duration of a period. They reproduced themselves out of themselves, for each was male and female. But at the end of the period the knot of Destiny was untied by the will of God and the bond of all things was loosened."Then all living creatures, including man, which had been hermaphroditical, were separated, the males being set apart by themselves and the females likewise, according to the dictates of Reason."Then God spoke to the Holy Word within the soul of all things, saying: 'Increase in increasing and multiply in multitudes, all you, my creatures and workmanships. Let him that is endued with Mind know himself to be immortal and that the cause of death is the love of the body; and let him learn all things that are, for he who has recognized himself enters into the state of Good.'"And when God had said this, Providence, with the aid of the Seven Governors and Harmony, brought the sexes together, making the mixtures and establishing the generations, and all things were multiplied according to their kind. He who through the error of attachment loves his body, abides wandering in darkness, sensible and suffering the things of death, but he who realizes that the body is but the tomb of his soul, rises to immortality."Then Hermes desired to know why men should be deprived of immortality for the sin of ignorance alone. The Great Dragon answered:, To the ignorant the body is supreme and they are incapable of realizing the immortality that is within them. Knowing only the body which is subject to death, they believe in death because they worship that substance which is the cause and reality of death."Then Hermes asked how the righteous and wise pass to God, to which Poimandres replied: "That which the Word of God said, say I: 'Because the Father of all things consists of Life and Light, whereof man is made.' If, therefore, a man shall learn and understand the nature of Life and Light, then he shall pass into the eternity of Life and Light."Hermes next inquired about the road by which the wise attained to Life eternal, and Poimandres continued: "Let the man endued with a Mind mark, consider, and learn of himself, and with the power of his Mind divide himself from his not-self and become a servant of Reality."Hermes asked if all men did not have Minds, and the Great Dragon replied: "Take heed what you say, for I am the Mind--the Eternal Teacher. I am the Father of the Word--the Redeemer of all men--and in the nature of the wise the Word takes flesh. By means of the Word, the world is saved. I, Thought (Thoth)--the Father of the Word, the Mind--come only unto men that are holy and good, pure and merciful, and that live piously and religiously, and my presence is an inspiration and a help to them, for when I come they immediately know all things and adore the Universal Father. Before such wise and philosophic ones die, they learn to renounce their senses, knowing that these are the enemies of their immortal souls."I will not permit the evil senses to control the bodies of those who love me, nor will I allow evil emotions and evil thoughts to enter them. I become as a porter or doorkeeper, and shut out evil, protecting the wise from their own lower nature. But to the wicked, the envious and the covetous, I come not, for such cannot understand the mysteries of Mind; therefore, I am unwelcome. I leave them to the avenging demon that they are making in their own souls, for evil each day increases itself and torments man more sharply, and each evil deed adds to the evil deeds that are gone before until finally evil destroys itself. The punishment of desire is the agony of unfulfillment."Hermes bowed his head in thankfulness to the Great Dragon who had taught him so much, and begged to hear more concerning the ultimate of the human soul. So Poimandres resumed: "At death the material body of man is returned to the elements from which it came, and the invisible divine man ascends to the source from whence he came, namely the Eighth Sphere. The evil passes to the dwelling place of the demon, and the senses, feelings, desires, and body passions return to their source, namely the Seven Governors, whose natures in the lower man destroy but in the invisible spiritual man give life."After the lower nature has returned to the brutishness, the higher struggles again to regain its spiritual estate. It ascends the seven Rings upon which sit the Seven Governors and returns to each their lower powers in this manner: Upon the first ring sits the Moon, and to it is returned the ability to increase and diminish. Upon the second ring sits Mercury, and to it are returned machinations, deceit, and craftiness. Upon the third ring sits Venus, and to it are returned the lusts and passions. Upon the fourth ring sits the Sun, and to this Lord are returned ambitions. Upon the fifth ring sits Mars, and to it are returned rashness and profane boldness. Upon the sixth ring sits Jupiter, and to it are returned the sense of accumulation and riches. And upon the seventh ring sits Saturn, at the Gate of Chaos, and to it are returned falsehood and evil plotting."Then, being naked of all the accumulations of the seven Rings, the soul comes to the Eighth Sphere, namely, the ring of the fixed stars. Here, freed of all illusion, it dwells in the Light and sings praises to the Father in a voice which only the pure of spirit may understand. Behold, O Hermes, there is a great mystery in the Eighth Sphere, for the Milky Way is the seed-ground of souls, and from it they drop into the Rings, and to the Milky Way they return again from the wheels of Saturn. But some cannot climb the seven-runged ladder of the Rings. So they wander in darkness below and are swept into eternity with the illusion of sense and earthiness."The path to immortality is hard, and only a few find it. The rest await the Great Day when the wheels of the universe shall be stopped and the immortal sparks shall escape from the sheaths of substance. Woe unto those who wait, for they must return again, unconscious and unknowing, to the seed-ground of stars, and await a new beginning. Those who are saved by the light of the mystery which I have revealed unto you, O Hermes, and which I now bid you to establish among men, shall return again to the Father who dwelleth in the White Light, and shall deliver themselves up to the Light and shall be absorbed into the Light, and in the Light they shall become Powers in God. This is the Way of Good and is revealed only to them that have wisdom."Blessed art thou, O Son of Light, to whom of all men, I, Poimandres, the Light of the World, have revealed myself. I order you to go forth, to become as a guide to those who wander in darkness, that all men within whom dwells the spirit of My Mind (The Universal Mind) may be saved by My Mind in you, which shall call forth My Mind in them. Establish My Mysteries and they shall not fail from the earth, for I am the Mind of the Mysteries and until Mind fails (which is never) my Mysteries cannot fail." With these parting words, Poimandres, radiant with celestial light, vanished, mingling with the powers of the heavens. Raising his eyes unto the heavens, Hermes blessed the Father of All Things and consecrated his life to the service of the Great Light.Thus preached Hermes: "O people of the earth, men born and made of the elements, but with the spirit of the Divine Man within you, rise from your sleep of ignorance! Be sober and thoughtful. Realize that your home is not in the earth but in the Light. Why have you delivered yourselves over unto death, having power to partake of immortality? Repent, and change your minds. Depart from the dark light and forsake corruption forever. Prepare yourselves to climb through the Seven Rings and to blend your souls with the eternal Light."Some who heard mocked and scoffed and went their way, delivering themselves to the Second Death from which there is no salvation. But others, casting themselves before the feet of Hermes, besought him to teach them the Way of Life. He lifted them gently, receiving no approbation for himself, and staff in hand, went forth teaching and guiding mankind, and showing them how they might be saved. In the worlds of men, Hermes sowed the seeds of wisdom and nourished the seeds with the Immortal Waters. And at last came the evening of his life, and as the brightness of the light of earth was beginning to go down, Hermes commanded his disciples to preserve his doctrines inviolate throughout all ages. The Vision of Poimandres he committed to writing that all men desiring immortality might therein find the way.In concluding his exposition of the Vision, Hermes wrote: "The sleep of the body is the sober watchfulness of the Mind and the shutting of my eyes reveals the true Light. My silence is filled with budding life and hope, and is full of good. My words are the blossoms of fruit of the tree of my soul. For this is the faithful account of what I received from my true Mind, that is Poimandres, the Great Dragon, the Lord of the Word, through whom I became inspired by God with the Truth. Since that day my Mind has been ever with me and in my own soul it hath given birth to the Word: the Word is Reason, and Reason hath redeemed me. For which cause, with all my soul and all my strength, I give praise and blessing unto God the Father, the Life and the Light, and the Eternal Good.
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Lots more pictures and info in my blog
stormysstorey.blogspot.com/2024/12/last-weekend-for-gothm...
This image contains the well known Elephants Trunk nebula, you can kinda see it towards the top of the nebula reaching downwards. There are also many other dark nebulae on show. The bright yellow star to the left is called Mu Cephei but is more known as the Garnet star. It is a red super giant and if it were to replace our Sun, it would swallow up Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and stretch out to Jupiter. Yup, its big! Infact it is one of the biggest and most luminous stars in our Milky Way galaxy.
This is my second image using guiding which started well but deteriorated slightly as the night went on. It was also my first time using remote desktop so i could monitor and control everything from the comfort of my couch!
Exposure details:
30* 300 second subs, f4, ISO 800, calibration frames, 200mm
Camera: Canon 600Da
Lens: Canon EF200L 2.8 II
Mount: NEQ6
Guiding: Orion Miniguider
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The Capitol contains many impressive murals, but "Tragic Prelude" by John Steuart Curry is the most famous. The painting features the larger-than-life abolitionist John Brown, with arms outstretched, holding a gun and a Bible and surrounded by proslavery and anti-slavery forces. Often used as an illustration to pre-Civil War struggles in Kansas, this mural has been used in many history books and as album art for the 1974 self-titled album from the rock band Kansas.
These are some of the homes to be found in a place called 'Finn Slough'.
A SMALL HISTORY OF FINN SLOUGH
By David Dorrington
In the early 1890s a group of Finnish people arrived in south Richmond and bought land at the junction of #4 road and Finn road where these two roads meet Green Slough (now called Woodward Slough) At that time south Richmond had not been cleared, it was still dense forest containing the kind of conifers that like to get their roots wet. These Finnish men had worked as coal miners and loggers to save the money needed to buy the land and they wanted land that had access to the Fraser River so that they could work as fishermen. The dykes in Richmond were hand built and extended up both sides of Woodward Slough and past #4 road. There was no dam at the south end of this slough so it was easy for the Finns to take their boats up to their houses on what was called "Finnland Road". One of these pioneers Mike Jacobson floated two scow houses up to the acreage to house his growing family. All of them, the Eldstroms, the Ingstroms, the Haasanens, the Manninens, and the Robinsons, started clearing the land, putting in crops, and building fishing boats so that they could harvest a share of the incredibly rich salmon runs going up the Fraser River. One of the first and most important buildings put there on Finnland road was a sauna. As Jack Jacobson said for the Finns having a sauna was a kind of religion. After a day of fishing you could get clean by taking a really hot sauna and if you felt tired before then you felt revived afterwards.
The dykes did not really keep the river off the land and often the chickens had to find roosts on top of the chicken houses to escape the flood tides. The first houses the Finns built were on pilings to protect them from these high tides. Some of the big farmers of the area wanted a better dyke system to protect their fields and so Thomas Kidd led a move to block off both ends of Woodward Slough and use it as a drain for south Richmond. Not everyone thought this was a good idea, at least one farmer, John Donnelly, tried to stop Mr. Kidd and had to be compensated for loss of a transport route. Most of the Finns would not have been able to read the notices in the Royal Columbian of these intended changes; even Ottawa did not think Mr. Kidd had done a proper job of consulting the landowners. In 1900 he had a dam built at the #5 road end of the slough and a floodgate built at what is now the pump house at the south end of Woodward Slough.
As a result the Finns were forced to find another place to moor their boats and to set up their bluestone tanks that they used to clean their linen nets. They needed net rack floats to dry the nets and net sheds to store those nets as well. Number 4 Road did not go all the way to the south dyke in those days; there was only a foot trail up to Finnland Road. What roads that did exist then were plank roads laid on the surface of the bog but #5 road was the road that went down to the South Arm and the Ladner Ferry.
It was a logical choice to start using Tiffin Slough (now Finn Slough) as a safe harbour. It was as close to their land as possible in the circumstances and there was enough room to create a real community of Finnish fishermen. Word got around and cousins, uncles, half brothers, even a grandfather came out from Finland to work in the new country. This was at the same time as the first Finnish settlers were arriving to set up the community of Sointula on Malcolm Island; it was all part of a move to get away from the poverty and repression of the Russian empire in Finland.
By 1910 there was a solid group of fishermen here at Finn Slough mostly related by marriage and all Scandinavians of one sort or another. These newer people had not come with the same savings as the original settlers and most land in this area was traded in very large parcels so they built float houses or if they were bachelors they often slept in their net sheds or lived on their boats. Finn Slough was a remote place in those days it would take a whole day to go one way from Finn Slough to Vancouver. Downtown Richmond did not exist and Steveston was well known as the fisherman’s version of the Wild West.
All fishing was done by muscle work alone. They had to row their boats out to the fishing ground, set their nets, and pull them back in by hand. One old Finn talked of how long it could take to straighten out your fingers after a day of pulling on net lines. Even so the harvest was so rich that the canneries in Steveston could not always keep up with amounts of fish the Fraser River fishermen were bringing in and in those days Steveston was nothing but canneries, dozens of them.
By the late teens and early 1920s fishermen were adapting gas motors to drive their boats and the Easthope and Vivian companies were building those motors that had a distinctive put-put sound that could be heard up and down the river. The community on Finnland road would dress up in its best once a week and take several boats either to Steveston or to Ladner or even to New Westminster to buy the weeks supplies and sometimes have a picnic on one of the river islands if the weather was good. In 1931 a Malcolm Islander, Laurie Jarvelainen invented the first powered gillnet drum and built it out of yellow cedar. Now fishing could be done more quickly and this revolutionized the fishing industry on the coast.
The Huovinen brothers arrived at Finn Slough after having spent time living totally broke in the abandoned car dump at False Creek. The outside world was going through the worst depression ever but here they could make do. They bought boats and put old Ford engines in them. Kaarlo had several engines. He could buy them for two dollars a piece and said there was always a way to keep them going.
However life as a fisherman was never easy. George died at the age of 39, John died at age 50, only Kaarlo made it to old age.
In the 30s Finn Slough became one of the strongest locals of the fisherman’s union, the PCFU that later became the UFAWU. Sometimes there were over 40 boats moored at the slough and this was the beginning of the busiest decade for this fishing village. It was also home to more ‘outsiders’ who didn’t speak Finn, but who worked alongside the 2nd and 3rd generation of the original settlers. Some of the young boys would learn fishing on their parents’ boats first and by 15 would have their own boats and be fishing alone. The slough was not so isolated anymore though you still could not drive a car down the dyke you could park your old model T at the foot of #4 road.
So much has changed since then. The 1913 slide in the Fraser canyon was a marker for the impact that men were having on this eco system. Logging took over from fishing as the main industry here and in doing so hastened the decline of salmon stocks. Organizations like the North Fraser Harbour Commission encouraged the mill industry in the Fraser River and they received a tariff from every log that went through their jurisdiction. By the late 40s the mills were often going non stop and the tugs would be hard pressed to find a place to tie up their log booms.
Even that industry is on its last legs now. What we are left with is a memory of how things were and Finn Slough is an important three dimensional, living, part of that memory. The village developed without the organization of property boundaries, city ordinances, provincial regulations or any governing body. Even so it has been an example of how a community can be carefully built and self regulated to work in harmony with the environment and having as little impact on it as possible. The village is not only a historical artifact it is also an example of a possible way forward to find more creative solutions to the present destruction of the Fraser basin by non stop urbanization.
Fujairah City is the capital of the emirate of Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates, located on the Gulf of Oman (part of the Indian Ocean). It is the only emirate on the east coast.
Ibra, Sultanate of Oman.
This article is about Ibra the place. For alternate meanings: see IBRA (disambiguation).
Ibra (Arabic: ابراء) is the second largest city in the Ash Sharqiyah Region of Oman. It is located about 170 km (2 hours) from Muscat and has a population estimated at 55,000 people.
Ibra is one of the oldest cities in Oman and was once a centre of trade, religion, education and art. The city acquired its importance as an important meeting point at the base of the Ash Sharqiya. Ibra is home of the huge Al-Harthy tribe, one of the biggest and most powerful tribes in Oman. The Al-Maskary tribe and the Al-Riyamy tribe are also both very prevalent in Ibra.
Ibra predates the Prophet Muhammed's calling. The city contains many castles and old mousques.
Ibra has become a more modern city since 1970 under the reign of Sultan Qaboos. Improvements include connections to Muscat via a two-lane highway, which has increased tourism. Communications have been improved to include broadband access, and there is now a substantial hospital. Ibra provides three choices of higher education: Ibra College of Technology, Ibra Nursing Institute, and beginning in the fall of 2010, A’Sharqiyah University. There are now two hotels in Ibra, and tourism is promoted in the area
Geography and climate.
Mountains surround Ibra on every side, and there is some outstanding mountain scenery close by. From November to March, the climate is relatively cool, with temperatures dropping as low as 10 C in December. In the summer, the climate is hot and dry, with temperatures reaching 50 C in July. Precipitation is very low and occurs mostly in the winter, when masses of low pressure air cause rain to fall.
Attractions
The main tourist attractions in the city are its many beautiful watchtowers, the traditional Souq, and Falaj AlAfrit. The design of the souq compliments the fort in every way. The Bait al Kabir was built in 1650 during the Ya'riba Dynasaty. It once stood as a centre of Government in Ibra.
Ibra Souq
The city, famous for its handicrafts and agricultural products, has an expansive souq showcasing an array of products. It is one of the most important in the country besides Muttrah. The souq bustles with vendors selling everything from meat, fish, fruits and vegetables to spices, dates, gold and silverware. Ibra is renowned for its silver jewelry which is considered to be the best in the country. Halwa (a traditional Omani dessert) is also sold in the souq. Halwa is a sticky dessert made from sugar and spices and flavoured with sesame seeds or almonds. Ibra souq is the only souq in the country to have a whole day just for women.
Source :
The strobilus contains spores on the fertile stems of a Horsetail. Horsetails always fascinate me and I love to take photos of them. This one is still closed, but they are photogenic at each stage. I will add a previously posted photo in a comment box below, showing an open one. The first of the two photos below shows the Strobilus of a Horsetail, a cone-like structure where the spores are released from. Other stems look like the second photo, which shows a typical sterile stem.
"Equisetum (/ˌɛkwɨˈsiːtəm/; horsetail, snake grass, puzzlegrass) is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds.
Equisetum is a "living fossil" as it is the only living genus of the entire class Equisetopsida, which for over one hundred million years was much more diverse and dominated the understory of late Paleozoic forests. Some Equisetopsida were large trees reaching to 30 meters tall. The genus Calamites of the family Calamitaceae, for example, is abundant in coal deposits from the Carboniferous period." From Wikipedia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equisetum
There were two walks I wanted to go on yesterday, 20 June 2018 - an afternoon botany walk at Griffith Woods, especially as I have missed most of the walks this session; and a birding walk in the evening in Fish Creek Park. Usually, I don't do two walks on the same day.
Photographed the Great Blue Heron at the river's edge and the bright yellow Gaillardia flower at the Fish Creek Park location. This Horsetail photo was taken at Griffith Woods. After the evening walk, a few of us went to Tim Horton's for coffee and chat. Coffee doesn't usually keep me awake, but I guess I'm not normally drinking it at 10:00 pm! Despite feeling tired out from two walks, I was also 'wired' and it was 6:00 am before i finally fell into bed. An hour later, I was awake, so today is definitely a slow day at home, as it feels like my brain is barely functioning..
2018 May 06: Note that the blue channel contains data collected through a red filter, not a near-infrared one. Apologies for not mentioning that in my original description.
Why do Jupiter's poles glow brightly in infrared? I can't honestly say I know why, but I like the way it is completely opposite from visible light. In visible light, the poles are darker, and the middle latitudes near the limb practically glow in blue light. The Great Red Spot is also visible as a large, salmon hued spot in this image. Jupiter is interestingly contrasty in the near-infrared FQ889N filter, which is one of the methane bands.
These data were collected by Hubble to assist in providing context for Juno data, which are so close up to the planet that the field of view relatively small, and it can be helpful to see what is going on with the rest of the planet at the same time. A variety of data were collected for this purpose, including visible, near-uv, and near-infrared.Knowing this, one begins to gain an understanding of how having robust and overlapping datasets from various observatories and probes working in tandem can greatly augment scientific research. Juno or Hubble data alone would be much less valuable. In short, it takes a village.
I thought I would get Europa in this image, but then I found out that moon was hiding in Jupiter's shadow. Io was hanging out in the corner way out of the way, and two fainter moons could also be seen. Io was saturated anyway, and the faint moons were very faint, so I cropped all of them off to focus on Jupiter. Poor things.
This image represents Jupiter as it would have appeared on 2016-12-12 at 00:13 UTC.
Take a look at the proposal these data were collected for:
Wide Field Coverage for Juno (WFCJ): Jupiter's 2D Wind Field and Cloud Structure
Red: WFC3/UVIS FQ889N (id9o09faq)
Green: WFC3/UVIS FQ727N (id9o09fcq)
Blue: WFC3/UVIS F631N (id9o09fdq)
Built for SHIPtember 2021.
It is 155 studs tall, 119 wide, 99 long, and contains 10,001 pieces.
In a "what if Lord of the Rings was a space epic" comes the terrifying mobile spacecraft citadel known as The Mouth of Sauron. This spaceship is commanded by what is rumored to be a black Numenorean who is the lieutenant of the Barad Dur system in the Middle Space galaxy.
It acted as the mouthpiece so-to-speak of the galactic terror of Sauron. With a fiercely powerful wraith cannon it laid planets and solar systems under the submission and destruction of Sauron.
The spacecraft was also rumored to be the physical remnants (mouth, parts of his brain, and spinal cord) of the great galactical tyrant after his resurrection as the Eye of Sauron black hole.
Hundreds of orc and Uruk-hai worked as grunts to operate the spacecraft.
It was destroyed shortly before Frodo and Sam destroyed the black hole of the Eye of Sauron by the spacecraft known as Andúril piloted by Aragorn.
Avebury is a Neolithic henge monument containing three stone circles, around the village of Avebury in Wiltshire, in southwest England. One of the best known prehistoric sites in Britain, it contains the largest megalithic stone circle in the world. It is both a tourist attraction and a place of religious importance to contemporary pagans.
Constructed over several hundred years in the third millennium BC, during the Neolithic, or New Stone Age, the monument comprises a large henge (a bank and a ditch) with a large outer stone circle and two separate smaller stone circles situated inside the centre of the monument. Its original purpose is unknown, although archaeologists believe that it was most likely used for some form of ritual or ceremony. The Avebury monument is a part of a larger prehistoric landscape containing several older monuments nearby, including West Kennet Long Barrow, Windmill Hill and Silbury Hill.
By the Iron Age, the site had been effectively abandoned, with some evidence of human activity on the site during the Roman period. During the Early Middle Ages, a village first began to be built around the monument, eventually extending into it. In the Late Medieval and Early Modern periods, local people destroyed many of the standing stones around the henge, both for religious and practical reasons. The antiquarians John Aubrey and William Stukeley took an interest in Avebury during the 17th century, and recorded much of the site before its destruction. Archaeological investigation followed in the 20th century, led primarily by Alexander Keiller, who oversaw a project which reconstructed much of the monument.
Avebury is owned and managed by the National Trust. It has been designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument, as well as a World Heritage Site, in the latter capacity being seen as a part of the wider prehistoric landscape of Wiltshire known as Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites.
- Wikipedia
Sir Joseph Whitworth, 1st Baronet (21 December 1803 – 22 January 1887) was an English engineer, entrepreneur, inventor and philanthropist. In 1841, he devised the British Standard Whitworth system, which created an accepted standard for screw threads. Whitworth also created the Whitworth rifle, often called the 'sharpshooter' because of it's accuracy and is considered one of the earliest examples of a sniper rifle.
Upon his death in 1887, he bequeathed much of his fortune for the people of Manchester, with the Whitworth Art Gallery and Christie Hospital partly funded by Whitworth's money. Whitworth Street and Whitworth Hall in Manchester are named in his honour.
The Whitworth Art Gallery contains about 55,000 items in its collection. In October 1995 a Mezzanine Court in the centre of the building was opened. This new gallery, designed chiefly for the display of sculpture, won a RIBA regional award. In 2010 the art gallery received 172,000 visitors, making it one of Greater Manchester's ten most-visited tourist attractions.
This is a scan of an original kodachrome slide. It was scanned with an Epson Pro V750, and finished up with very minor post processing work in Photoshop.
The original comes from my own slide collection, which contains both my own photos and those acquired over the past forty or so years collecting.
The uploading of the material in this Flickr collection is just for the purpose of sharing the pictures with people who may find them of interest. Comments are welcomed.
MSN: 10302
TYPE/SRS: Fokker F27-200
REG'N: G-BMAP
OPERATOR: British Midland
LOCATION/DATE:
REMARKS:
Situated next to the entrance to Blickling Hall, St. Andrew's was originally built in the 13th. century, then remodelled in the 15th. and again in the 19th. century, including the tower and porch by George E. Street in 1876, and the chancel, rebuilt by William Butterfield in the 1850's.
Constructed of flint with limestone dressings with lead roofs, the church consists of a west tower, nave, chancel, south aisle, south porch, north aisle and north-east chapel.
Inside, there is a large memorial and effigy depicting two life-size angels dedicated to William Schomberg Robert Kerr, 8th. Marquis of Lothian, who died in 1870 is buried in Jedburgh Abbey in Scotland. The memorial is by the sculptor George Frederick Watts and was completed in 1878.
The church boasts a collection of brasses. One commemorates Sir Nicholas Dagworth (d. 1401), a soldier and a diplomat under both Edward III and Richard II and who built the first Blickling Hall. Beside him is the memorial to Anne Astley, she died giving birth to twins in 1512, and she holds her male and female swaddled babies. Another brass is to Roger and Cecily Felthorpe (1454) and shows them alongside their 16 children. Other brasses include those to members of the Boleyn family.
There are a number of other memorials in the church. One shows the now handless bust of Elizabeth Gurdon under a canopy in the chancel. She died of a cold in 1582 at the age of 17 while while visiting Sir Edward Clere at Blickling Hall. By the south doorway is a wall monument of 1901 by the sculptor Arthur G. Walker to Constance, wife of the 7th. Marquess of Lothian.
In the Lady Chapel is the chest tomb of Sir Edward Clere, 1st. Baronet Ormesby, who died in London on 3rd. June 1606, aged 69. The tomb is decorated with shields of the family line which can be traced back to the Norman Conquest of 1066.
The church also contains a late medieval font, a pulpit from 1692, an organ by Snetzler of 1762 and an intricately carved First and Second World War wooden war memorial in the style of a pulpit. Either side of the inscription are figures of Saint George carved in relief.
The church received Grade: II* listed building status on 10th. May 1961. (English Heritage Legacy ID: 228672).
ELL Vectron 193 213-6 mit einem Containerzug auf der KBS 110 zwischen Lüneburg und Winsen in Bardowick Bruch
ELL Vectron 193 213-6 with a container train on the KBS 110 between Lüneburg and Winsen in Bardowick Bruch
A UN soldier of the UN army US branch is defending himself against a fallen comrade during the Outbreak.
The UN Peacekeeping Force (Dubbed as the UN Army in the Outbreak videos) Are the main armed forces active during the Outbreak as most of if not all of the armed forces from various areas and countries were fighting the infected under one banner as part of a secret UN-protocol.
Their main job during the Outbreak was to evacuate the civilians out of the infected ''Hot Zone'' areas by combating the infected with various weapons in order to buy time. They were also tasked with maintaining order in and outside the Quarantine Zones as mass panic was still in progress.
They used various armoured vehicles and helicopters as tanks and other heavy arms either couldn't go into the streets, because of various blockades and narrow streets and that heavy firepower could do more damage than saving the lives.
The US branch was going to make a small appearance in one of the outbreak video’s, but were eventually cut, because of time constraints, the original idea was to show different soldiers from all across the world.
They appear in three of the Outbreak videos so far:
Part 1: www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjqkZeMoI04
Part 2: www.youtube.com/watch?v=quS1pl24RT4
Part 3:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UPB3kvm2tA
Brickizimo, was kind enough to sent me the parts. They are an company located in the EU that sells, brickmania kits, brickarms, all that good stuff, here’s a link to their store:
Custom UN helmet: Brickarms/Brickizimo
Custom weapons/vest: Brickarms
Custom figs: Brickmania
Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data [2023], processed by Sentinel Hub/Pierre Markuse
Fires near Kondinskoye, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia - 3 May 2023
Iimage is about 33 kilometres wide.
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Stavne Cemetery, Trondheim - Norway
This cemetery contains the largest Commonwealth War Graves Plot in Norway, and it is here that Archie, and two other members of his crew, Sergeant A M McLaren and Sergeant D Francis are buried. Four members of his crew were never recovered, Sergeant L J Nelmes, Flight Sergeant G H G Murray, Sergeant J F Staff and Sergeant S Palmer, their names are commemorated on the Runnymede Memorial which overlooks the River Thames at Cooper's Hill, Englefield Green, between Windsor and Egham, Surrey, England. Many of the airmen who lost their lives over Norway during attacks on the German Battleship Tirpitz between 1942 and 1944 have graves here too.
Metrans 386 016-0 mit einem Containerzug aus Hamburg Dradenau auf der KBS 100 zwischen Hamburg und Büchen in Reinbek
Metrans 386 016-0 with a container train from Hamburg Dradenau on the KBS 100 between Hamburg and Büchen in Reinbek
Norwegen - Rondane-Nationalpark
On the way from Høvringen to the Peer Gynt Hytta.
Auf dem Weg von Høvringen zur Peer Gynt Hytta.
Rondane National Park (Norwegian: Rondane nasjonalpark) is the oldest national park in Norway, established on 21 December 1962. The park is located in Innlandet county, in the municipalities of Dovre, Folldal, Sel, Nord-Fron, Sør-Fron, Stor-Elvdal, and Ringebu. The park contains ten peaks above 2,000 metres (6,560 ft), with the highest being Rondeslottet at an altitude of 2,178 m (7,146 ft). The park is an important habitat for herds of wild reindeer.
The park was enlarged in 2003, and now covers an area of 963 km2 (372 sq mi). Rondane lies just to the east of the Gudbrandsdalen valley and two other mountain areas, Dovre and Jotunheimen are nearby. Dovre National Park lies a very short distance to the north of this park.
Geography
Rondane is a typical high mountain area, with large plateaus and a total of ten peaks above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). The highest point is Rondeslottet ("The Rondane Castle") at an altitude of 2,178 metres (7,146 ft). The lowest point is just below the tree line, which is located at approximately 1,000 to 1,100 metres (3,300 to 3,600 ft) above sea level. The climate is mild but relatively arid. Apart from the white birch trees of the lower areas, the soil and rocks are mostly covered by heather and lichen, due to a lack of nutrients. The largest mountains are almost entirely barren; above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) nothing but the hardiest lichens grow on the bare stones.
The mountains are divided by marked valleys through the landscape; the deepest valley is filled by Rondvatnet, a narrow lake filling the steep space between the large Storronden–Rondeslottet massif and Smiubelgen ("The blacksmith's bellows"). The central massif is also cut by "botns": flat, dead stone valleys below the steep mountain walls of the peaks. Generally, Rondane does not receive enough precipitation to generate persistent glaciers, but glacier-like heaps of snow can be found in the flat back valleys.
At the centre of the park lies the lake Rondvatnet, from which all the peaks above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) in elevation can be reached in less than one day's walk. In the central and northern regions, the altitude is relatively high compared with the flatter plateaus of the south. Rondane has ten peaks over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) including:
Rondeslottet, 2,178 metres (7,146 ft)
Storronden, 2,138 metres (7,014 ft)
Høgronden, 2,114 metres (6,936 ft)
Midtronden western summit, 2,060 metres (6,760 ft)
Vinjeronden, 2,044 metres (6,706 ft)
Midtronden eastern summit, 2,042 metres (6,699 ft)
Trolltinden, 2,018 metres (6,621 ft)
Storsmeden, 2,016 metres (6,614 ft)
Digerronden, 2,015 metres (6,611 ft)
Veslesmeden, 2,015 metres (6,611 ft)
In many parts of the park, there are spread-out holes (kettle holes) created by small remains of ice age glaciers, and peculiar small hills called "eskers" made by ground moraine released by melting glaciers.
History
Prehistory
The history of life in the area of the park begins at the end of the latest ice age. Large climate changes allowed reindeer to spread widely across Scandinavia, only to be forced back to a much smaller area — including the Rondane mountain area — only some hundreds of years later. Archaeologists have found that the forest quickly grew at high altitudes; birch trees found at 1,030 metres (3,380 ft) were 8500 years old.
On the mountain plateau, there is evidence that nomadic hunter-gatherers lived off reindeer. Large traps used to catch reindeer can be found at Gravhø and Bløyvangen and are also spread throughout the park. These are constructed from stone to make holes or large fenced-in areas into which reindeer could be tricked or led.
Accompanying the substantial traps, smaller arched stone structures are presumed to have served as concealment for archers awaiting their targets. Dating techniques indicate that the oldest of these traps could be approximately 3500 years old. The majority of discoveries, encompassing residential ruins, are dated to the period spanning 500 to 700 AD.
It is thus known with confidence that the large traps and accompanying walls were used from the 6th century until the onset of the Black Death in the 14th century.
Establishment
After nearly a decade of planning, Rondane was established as the first Norwegian National Park on 21 December 1962. It was first established as a nature protection area, but was later named a national park. The main reasons for protecting the park were "to safeguard the natural environment with its native plants, animal life, and cultural heritage and also to secure the environment as a recreational area for future generations".
Legal efforts to protect nature in Norway date from 1954, when the nature protection law was passed. Soon after, in 1955, community meetings were held in the municipalities close to Rondane, and a commission was founded. Norman Heitkøtter was president of the commission, and made it possible by Royal resolution to establish Rondane National Park. At its establishment, the park covered an area of 580 km2 (224 sq mi) (later, this was nearly doubled).
Although Rondane was the first national park in Norway, many others followed. The parks are maintained by the Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management.
2003 expansion
As a special measure for the protection of the wild reindeer, the park was significantly enlarged in 2003, its area increasing from 580 square kilometres (220 sq mi) to 963 square kilometres (372 sq mi).
The expansion of the park primarily occurred towards the northwest, accompanied by moderate enlargements in the east and south. Furthermore, zones with reduced levels of protection, encompassing both landscape and nature conservation areas, were instituted in conjunction with the park.
A new national park, Dovre National Park, between Rondane and Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park was also opened. Following the expansion, it is now only approximately 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the northern border of Rondane to the southern border of Dovre National Park, and large sections of adjacent mountain areas are protected by the three parks.
Geology
The bedrock in Rondane comes from a shallow sea floor, created 500 to 600 million years ago. From this, changes in the Earth's crust created a mountain area of metamorphic rock and quartz. There are no fossils found in Rondane today and so it is thought the sea where the rock came from contained no animal life.
The present landscape was mostly formed by the last ice age, nine to ten thousand years ago. During that period, significant amounts of ice accumulated, and it is theorized that this ice underwent gradual melting in alternating cycles of thawing and ice build-up.
The ice melting cycles occurred rapidly, digging deep river valleys.
Rondane contains a few small canyons which were created by the rapid ice melting, most prominently Jutulhogget and Vesle-Ula.
Biology
Rondane is one of the few places in Scandinavia and Europe where wild reindeer (as opposed to the domestic breed) are found. The Directorate for Nature Management regards Rondane as "especially important as a life supporting area for the native reindeer". It is estimated that approximately 2000 to 4000 reindeer live in Rondane and the nearby Dovre area. To protect the reindeer population in their core area during the last ten years, hiking trails have been moved. The park was also enlarged in 2003 to provide increased protection for the reindeer.
Other large game, including roe deer and elk (moose) are commonplace along the rims of the park and occasionally musk ox from Dovre can be seen. Wolverines, lynxes, and a small population of bears are also present, while wolves are rare.
The reindeer largely rely on the lichen and reindeer moss that grow together with heather and hardy grass on the quite arid and nutrient-poor stony plateaus. The lichen provide food for the reindeer, but also fertilize the earth, making it possible for less hardy plants to grow, and mice and lemmings to feed. One of the flower species to survive very well is the Glacier Crowfoot, found up to an elevation of 1,700 metres (5,600 ft).
Tourism
Visitors to Rondane National Park are permitted to engage in hiking and camping throughout the park, with the exception of areas immediately surrounding cabins.
The park is a motor traffic-free zone, and it operates under minimal special regulations. Licensed individuals are granted the opportunity to fish and hunt within the park's boundaries.
The Norwegian Mountain Touring Association (DNT) is an association that owns and manages a network of mountain cabins in the service of hikers. In Rondane, there is a central cabin by the southern end of Lake Rondvatnet, Rondvassbu. There is also Dørålseter and Bjørnhollia at the northern and eastern rims of the park. All three cabins are staffed, and provide food and limited accommodation (possible to book beforehand). There are also unstaffed cabins in the Park, like Eldåbu where a key is needed.
DNT also mark trails in the Park, with red Ts that are easy to spot. The T-trails lead the way cabin-to-cabin, as well as marking the path to some of the peaks close to Rondvatnet. Recently, some trails have moved slightly to avoid the core areas of the wild reindeer.
The service cabins are also open during the winter season, although they are sometimes only self-serviced off season. Ski trails are marked and sometimes prepared, either by DNT or some of the nearby hotels and skiing resorts.
Rondane in literature
The landscapes of Rondane have inspired many Norwegian writers. Probably the best-known work is Peer Gynt (1867), a play by Henrik Ibsen, which is partly set in Rondane:
Act 2, Scene lV
(Among the Ronde mountains. Sunset. Shining snowpeaks all around.
Peer Gynt enters, dizzy and bewildered.)
Peer
Tower over tower arises!
Hei, what a glittering gate!
Stand! Will you stand! It's drifting
further and further away!
...
With this scene, Ibsen wrote Rondane into one of the 19th centuries better-known plays and made Rondane a symbol for Norway.
Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, writer and gatherer of Norwegian folk tales in the mid-19th century, collected many stories connected with Rondane, including Peer Gynt, the story that inspired Ibsen.
A third writer who set one of his famous works in Rondane is the poet Aasmund Olavsson Vinje with his poem Ved Rundarne.
Name
Rondane is the finite plural of the word rond. Several mountains in the area have the ending -ronden (Digerronden, Høgronden, Midtronden, Storronden and Vinjeronden), and this is the finite singular of the same word. The word rond was probably originally the name of the long and narrow lake Rondvatnet ('Rond water/lake') - the mountains around it were then named after this lake. For the meaning see under Randsfjorden.
(Wikipedia)
Der Rondane-Nationalpark (norwegisch Rondane nasjonalpark) ist der älteste Nationalpark Norwegens. In ihm gibt es zehn Berggipfel, die höher als 2.000 m sind. Der höchste Berggipfel des Nationalparks ist Rondslottet mit 2.178 m. Der Nationalpark ist ein wichtiger Lebensraum für Herden wilder Rentiere. Er liegt in der Nähe der Stadt Otta und wurde am 21. Dezember 1962 gegründet und 2003 um 383 km² auf eine Fläche von 963 km² erweitert.
Geographie
Rondane liegt östlich des Gudbrandsdalen in den Kommunen Dovre, Sel, Nord-Fron, Sør-Fron, Ringebu, Folldal und Stor-Elvdal im Fylke Innlandet. In der Nähe befinden sich zwei weitere Nationalparks, der Jotunheimen-Nationalpark und der Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella-Nationalpark.
Rondane ist ein typisches Hochgebirge mit ausgedehnten Hochebenen und 10 Gipfeln über 2.000 m. Im zentralen und nördlichen Teil finden sich die höchsten Berge. Die höchsten Gipfel bilden Rondslottet (Rondaner Schloss) mit 2.178 m, Storronden mit 2.138 m und Høgronden mit 2.118 m Höhe. Der niedrigste Punkt liegt unterhalb der Waldgrenze, die hier mit 1.000 bis 1.100 m Höhe für Nordeuropa sehr hoch liegt, was an dem milden, aber auch sehr trockenen (500 mm Niederschlag pro Jahr) Klima liegt. Im Süden des Parks befinden sich flachere Hochebenen.
Die Landschaft wird durch Berge und Täler deutlich geteilt. Das tiefste Tal trennt die große Storronden-Rondslottet-Gruppe von Smiubelgen (der Schmiedebalg). Zwischen den steil abfallenden Hängen dieses Tals liegt der schmale See Rondvatnet, der auch die Mitte des Parks bildet. Von ihm aus können alle über 2.000 m hohen Gipfel in weniger als einem Tag zu Fuß erreicht werden.
In Rondane fallen nicht genug Niederschläge, um dauerhafte Gletscher wie im Jotunheimen-Nationalpark bilden zu können. An manchen geschützten Talhängen finden sich aber feste Schneefelder. Weit verbreitet finden sich Toteislöcher als Überbleibsel der Eiszeitgletscher. Weiterhin prägen eigenartige kleine Hügel die Landschaft. Diese Esker wurden in den abschmelzenden Gletschern durch die Grundmoräne gebildet.
Geologie
Das Grundgestein in Rondane entstand vor 500 bis 600 Millionen Jahren als Ablagerungen auf einem flachen Meeresboden. Durch Gebirgsauffaltungen wurde das heutige fossilienlose metamorphe Gestein gebildet.
Die gegenwärtige Landschaft wurde zumeist durch die letzte Eiszeit, vor neun- bis zehntausend Jahren, geformt. Dabei wurden große Eismengen gebildet und es wird angenommen, dass Eisschmelzen und Eisansammlungen sich zyklisch abwechselten. Das Eis schmolz gegen Ende sehr schnell ab, wie tief ausgegrabene Flusstäler bezeugen. Rondane enthält einige kleine Schluchten (die bekanntesten sind Jutulhogget und Vesle-Ula), die durch Schmelzwasser eingeschnitten wurden.
Fauna und Flora
Rondane ist einer der wenigen Orte in Skandinavien, an denen wilde Rentiere (nicht die domestizierten Rene der Samen) vorkommen. Die norwegische Naturschutzbehörde sieht Rondane als „besonders wichtigen Lebensraum des einheimischen Rens“ an. Es wird geschätzt, dass ungefähr 2.000 bis 4.000 Rentiere in Rondane und im nahe gelegenen Dovre Naturpark leben. Um die Renpopulation in ihrem Kerngebiet zu schützen, wurden in den 1990er Jahren Wanderwege verlegt bzw. aufgehoben. 2003 wurde der Park vergrößert, um das Ren noch besser schützen zu können.
Anderes großes Wild, darunter Rehe und Elche, kommen gewöhnlich in den Randzonen des Parks vor. Gelegentlich sind auch Moschusochsen zu sehen, die als Herde in dem nahegelegenen Dovre-Nationalpark leben. Vielfraße und eine kleine Population an Braunbären leben in dem Park, Wölfe sind dagegen selten.
Abgesehen von den Moorbirken in den niedrigen Lagen werden die trockenen und nährstoffarmen Böden und die Felsen durch Heidekraut, robuste Gräser und Flechten bedeckt. Die höchsten Berge sind fast völlig öde; über 1.500 m wachsen fast nur noch die robusten Flechten auf den bloßen Steinen. Eine der gut angepassten Blütenpflanzen ist der Gletscher-Hahnenfuß, der bis in 1.700 Meter Höhe gedeiht.
Das Ren ist in hohem Maße auf Flechten (vor allem die Rentierflechte) angewiesen. Die Flechten dienen als Nahrung für das Ren, welches dann den Boden düngt. Dadurch können auch weniger anspruchslose Pflanzen gedeihen, die ihrerseits Nahrung für Mäuse und Lemminge liefern.
Geschichte
Vorgeschichte
Erst nach Ende der Vergletscherung der letzten Eiszeit konnte der Park wieder durch Pflanzen und Tiere besiedelt werden. Größere Klimaänderungen erlaubten es dem Ren, sich weit über Skandinavien zu verbreiten. Doch nur einige hundert Jahre später wurden sie wieder verdrängt und konnten nur in wesentlich kleineren Gebieten, darunter Rondane, überleben. Archäologen fanden, dass der Wald schnell nach der Wiederbewaldung auch in großen Höhen wuchs: in 1.030 m Höhe wuchsen vor 8.500 Jahren Birken.
Auf den Hochebenen lebten offenbar nomadische Jäger und Sammler vom Ren. Die großen zum Renfang benutzten Fallen können bei Gravhø und bei Bløyvangen besichtigt werden und sind auch im Park verbreitet. Diese steinernen Fallen bilden Öffnungen oder große umzäunte Bereiche, in die Rentiere durch Täuschung gelockt oder geführt werden konnten.
In Verbindung mit diesen großen Fallen gibt es auch kleine gewölbte Steinwände, von denen man annimmt, dass sie als Versteck für die auf Beute wartenden Bogenschützen dienten. Verschiedene Datierungsmethoden legen nahe, dass die ältesten Fallen etwa 3.500 Jahre alt sein könnten. Die meisten Funde, darunter Häuserreste, stammen dagegen aus den Jahren 500 bis 700 n. Chr. Es kann als sicher angenommen werden, dass die großen Fallen und die Steinwände vom 6. Jahrhundert bis zur Entvölkerung durch den Schwarzen Tod im 14. Jahrhundert benutzt wurden.
Einrichtung des Nationalparks
Nach einer fast zehnjährigen Planungsphase wurde am 21. Dezember 1962 Rondane als erster norwegischer Nationalpark, zunächst als Naturschutzgebiet, ausgewiesen. Als Hauptgründe für die Einrichtung werden „der Schutz der natürlichen Umgebung mit seinem einheimischen Pflanzen- und Tierleben und dem kulturellen Erbe sowie die Sicherung des Umfelds als Erholungsraum für zukünftige Generationen“ genannt.
Gesetzliche Bemühungen, die Natur in Norwegen zu schützen, begannen 1954 mit der Verabschiedung des Naturschutzgesetzes. 1955 wurden Sitzungen in den Kommunen um Rondane abgehalten und eine Kommission gegründet, deren Präsident Norman Heitkøtter war. Durch einen königlichen Beschluss wurde die Einrichtung des damals 580 km² umfassenden Rondane-Nationalparks ermöglicht.
Nach diesem ersten Nationalpark folgten viele weitere, die alle vom Direktoratet for naturforvaltning gepflegt werden.
Erweiterung
Als besondere Maßnahme für den Schutz des wilden Rens wurde der Park 2003 erheblich um 383 km² auf 963 km² erweitert, hauptsächlich nach Nordwesten, in geringerem Maße nach Osten und Süden. Zusätzlich wurden Bereiche geringeren Schutzes (Landschaftsschutz- sowie Naturschutzbereiche) in Verbindung mit dem Park benannt. Durch den ebenfalls neu eingerichteten Dovre-Nationalpark zwischen Rondane und dem Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella-Nationalpark liegt jetzt ein großer, fast zusammenhängender Streifen geschützter Bergregionen vor. Lediglich ein schmaler Streifen um eine Straße und Ortschaften herum trennt den Dovre-Nationalpark von Rondane ab.
Tourismus
Besuchern des Rondane-Nationalparks ist in fast allen Gebieten erlaubt, frei zu wandern und zu zelten, außer in der unmittelbaren Umgebung der Berghütten. Außer dem Verbot motorisierten Verkehrs gibt es kaum weitere Einschränkungen. Auch Fischen und Jagen sind mit Lizenz möglich.
Der norwegische Bergwanderverein (DNT) besitzt und führt ein Netz an Berghütten als Service für die Wanderer. In Rondane gibt es die zentrale Hütte Rondvassbu am südlichen Ende des Sees Rondvatnet. Die Berghütten Grimsdalshytta, Øvre und Nedre Dørålseter (beide privat bewirtschaftet) und Bjørnhollia liegen am nördlichen beziehungsweise östlichen Rand des Parks. Diese fünf Hütten werden bewirtschaftet und bieten Verpflegung und Unterkunft für die Wanderer. Es gibt auch unbewirtschaftete Hütten wie Eldåbu, für die ein Schlüssel erforderlich ist.
Der DNT kennzeichnet auch die Wanderpfade im Park mit roten Ts, die einfach auf Steine aufgemalt werden. Diese markierten Wege verbinden die Hütten miteinander und führen außerdem zu einigen Gipfeln.
Die Hütten sind auch im Winter geöffnet, bieten jedoch außerhalb der Saison nur Selbstbedienung an. Ski-Routen werden entweder vom DNT oder von einigen Hotels der Ski-Erholungsorte nahe dem Park markiert und manchmal auch präpariert. Während der Rentier-Kalbungsperiode im Mai und Juni gilt für den Rondane-Nationalpark ein absolutes Betretungsverbot.
Rondane in der Literatur
Die Landschaft von Rondane hat viele norwegische Schriftsteller inspiriert. Vermutlich am weitesten bekannt ist Henrik Ibsens 1867 geschriebenes Gedicht Peer Gynt, das teilweise (2. Akt, 4. Szene: Im Rondegebirge.) in Rondane spielt. Mit diesem Werk schrieb Ibsen eins der besten Dramen des 19. Jahrhunderts und machte Rondane zu einem Symbol der Naturschönheit Norwegens.
Der Schriftsteller und Sammler norwegischer Volkssagen des mittleren 19. Jahrhunderts, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, sammelte viele Geschichten rund um Rondane. Darunter war auch die Sage um Peer Gynt, die als Anregung für Ibsens Drama diente. Ein dritter Schriftsteller Aasmund Olavsson Vinje ließ sein berühmtes Werk No ser eg atter slike Fjell og Dalar ebenfalls in Rondane spielen.
(Wikipedia)
This grave contains the remains of nearly 1000 Soviet soldiers and officers who fell in the heavy fighting for the Shilovo bridgehead between July and September 1942.
The Battle of Voronezh, or First Battle of Voronezh, was a battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, fought in and around the strategically important city of Voronezh on the Don river, 450 km (280 mi) south of Moscow, from 28 June-24 July 1942, as opening move of the German summer offensive in 1942.
The battle was marked by heavy urban fighting, and ferocious street-fighting, showing what was to come at the Battle of Stalingrad.
The German attack had two objectives. One was to seed confusion about the ultimate goals of the overall campaign. There was widespread feeling by almost all observers, especially Soviet high command, that the Germans would reopen their attack on Moscow that summer. By strongly attacking toward Voronezh, near the site of the German's deepest penetration the year before, it would hide the nature of the real action taking place far to the south. Soviet forces sent to the area to shore up the defenses would not be able to move with the same speed as the Germans, who would then turn south and leave them behind. The other purpose was to provide an easily defended front line along the river, providing a strong left flank that could be protected with relatively light forces.
The plan involved forces of Army Group South, at this time far north of their ultimate area of responsibility. The attack would be spearheaded by the 4th Panzer Army under the command of General Hermann Hoth. Hoth's highly mobile forces would move rapidly eastward to Voronezh and then turn southeast to follow the Don to Stalingrad. As the 4th moved out of the city, the slower infantry forces of the Second Army following behind them would take up defensive positions along the river. The plan called for the 2nd to arrive just as the 4th had cleared the city, and Hoth was under orders to avoid any street-to-street fighting that might bog down their progress.
The city was defended by the troops of the 40th Army as part of the Valuiki-Rossosh Defensive Operation (28 June-24 July 1942) of General of Army Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin's Southwestern Front. Hoth's powerful armored forces moved forward with little delay and the only natural barrier before the city was the Devitsa River, an arm of the Don running through Semiluki, a short distance to the west. For reasons that are unclear, the bridge over the Devitsa was not destroyed, and Hoth's forces were able to sweep aside the defensive forces placed there and reach the outskirts of Voronezh on 7 July. Soviet forces then mounted a successful counterattack that tied up Hoth's forces.
At this point they should have been relieved by the infantry forces, but they were still far from the city. Intense house-to-house fighting broke out, and Hoth continued to push forward while he waited. At one point the 3rd Motorized Division broke across the Don, but turned back. The Soviet command poured reserves into the city and a situation not unlike what would be seen at Stalingrad a few months later broke out, with the German troops clearing the city street by street with flamethrowers while tanks gave fire support.
The 2nd did not arrive for another two days, by which time the 4th was heavily engaged and took some time to remove from the line. The 2nd continued the battle until 24 July, when the final Soviet forces west of the Don were defeated and the fighting ended. Adolf Hitler later came to believe that these two days, when combined with other avoidable delays on the drive south, allowed Marshal Semyon Timoshenko to reinforce the forces in Stalingrad before the 4th Panzer Army could arrive to allow taking of Stalingrad.
The Soviet forces recaptured the city in the Battle of Voronezh of 1943.
Joint works of my friend(analog) and me( digital, edit)
"time to eat!"
This image is virtual world.It isn't reality ( contain thought)
Gameboard containing a circle comprised of 30 spaces surrounding advertising text and an image of the devil. Spaces marked with baseball rulings and plays, including Strike, Ball, Out, Foul, and Single Hit 1 Base. Circle surrounded by a "baseball diamond."
This area contains a mix of new and old parts. Old factory halls, new factory buildings and high pipes. I don't know if the pipes are still in use.
In these late days of the year it gets dark early. I took these pictures here right after the sunset in different exposures and shutter speeds and turned it into HDR.
Wimpole Estate is a large estate containing Wimpole Hall, a country house located within the civil parish of Wimpole, Cambridgeshire, England, about 8+1⁄2 miles (13.7 kilometres) southwest of Cambridge. The house, begun in 1640, and its 3,000 acres (12 km2) of parkland and farmland are owned by the National Trust. The estate is regularly open to the public and received over 335,000 visitors in 2019.[1] Wimpole is the largest house in Cambridgeshire.
History
Sited close to the great Roman road, Ermine Street, Wimpole was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086. At that time there was a moated manor house set in a small 81 hectares (200 acres) deer-park.[2] Situated to the north and south of this were three medieval villages: Bennall End, Thresham End and Green End.
The estate was held by the Chicheley family for over 250 years,[3] beginning in 1428 with Henry Chichele who was Archbishop of Canterbury.[4] The last of this family to hold the house was the politician Thomas Chicheley, who was responsible for the "new" house that was completed in 1650.[5] Chicheley established the "formal gardens and architectural landscape".[2] He enjoyed the house for 36 years until, weighed down by financial problems, he was forced to sell to Sir John Cutler.[6] In 1689, Sir John gave it as a marriage settlement to his daughter Elizabeth and her husband Charles Robartes, 2nd Earl of Radnor.[6] Lord Radnor extended the formal gardens and dug out fishponds.[2] On the death of Elizabeth in 1697, without an heir, the estate passed to Edmund Boulter, nephew of Sir John Cutler. In 1710 it was in the possession of John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, who left it to his daughter Lady Henrietta Cavendish Holles upon his death the following year.[7] Upon Henrietta's marriage, in 1713, it became the possession of her husband Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer.[8] In 1740, Edward sold Wimpole to Philip Yorke, Earl of Hardwicke, in order to pay off his debts.[9] The Earls of Hardwicke held it until it passed into the hands of Thomas Agar-Robartes, 6th Viscount Clifden,[10] and then his son, Francis Agar-Robartes, 7th Viscount Clifden[11] who, in 1930, departed to Lanhydrock upon the death of his father.[2]
On 27 October 1843, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert visited the hall. They listened to speeches by local politicians including the Earl of Hardwicke, and dinner was served for 26 people. A ball was held in the evening. On 28 October 1843, Her Majesty visited the farm in the morning before departing for London.[12]
In 1938, Capt. George Bambridge and his wife, Elsie, daughter of Rudyard Kipling, purchased it after having been tenants since 1932.[11][13] They used the inheritance left to them by her father, and the royalties from his books, for the long-needed refurbishment of the house and grounds. During the War, for instance, the house had no running water nor electricity.[13] During her time at Wimpole Hall, Elsie was known to become irritated by members of the public gathering too close to the house for picnics, so much so, she once returned to the offending couple's property and had her own picnic on their lawn.[13]
Over the centuries many notable architects have worked on it, including James Gibbs (between 1713 and 1730), Henry Flitcroft (around 1749), John Soane (1790s), and H. E. Kendall (1840s).[14] There are decorative schemes by the painter James Thornhill (1721).
Carved marble busts of the Roman emperors Trajan and Galba were returned to Wimpole in 2014 and placed on the original wooden plinths which had been carved for them by Rattee and Kett in around 1860. Wikipedia