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The first British canals were built in Roman times as irrigation or land drainage canals or short connecting spurs between navigable rivers, such as the Foss Dyke, Car Dyke or Bourne-Morton Canal; all in Lincolnshire
A spate of building projects, such as castles, monasteries and churches, led to the improvement of rivers for the transportation of building materials. Various Acts of Parliament were passed regulating transportation of goods, tolls and horse towpaths for various rivers. These included the rivers Severn, Witham, Trent and Yorkshire Ouse. The first Act for navigational improvement in England was in 1425, for improvement of the river Lea, a major tributary of the River Thames
In the post-medieval period some natural waterways were 'canalised' or improved for boat traffic, in the 16th century. The first Act of Parliament was obtained by the City of Canterbury, in 1515, to extend navigation on the River Stour in Kent, followed by the River Exe in 1539, which led to the construction in 1566 of a new channel, the Exeter Canal. Simple flash locks were provided to regulate the flow of water and allow loaded boats to pass through shallow waters by admitting a rush of water, but these were not purpose-built canals as we understand them today.
The transport system that existed before the canals were built consisted of either coastal shipping or horses and carts struggling along mostly un-surfaced mud roads (although there were some surfaced Turnpike roads). There was also a small amount of traffic carried along navigable rivers. In the 17th century, as early industry started to expand, this transport situation was highly unsatisfactory. The restrictions of coastal shipping and river transport were obvious and horses and carts could only carry one or two tons of cargo at a time. The poor state of most of the roads meant that they could often become unusable after heavy rain. Because of the small loads that could be carried, supply of essential commodities such as coal, and iron ore were limited, and this kept prices high and restricted economic growth. One horse-drawn canal barge could carry about thirty tonnes at a time, faster than road transport and at half the cost.
Some 29 river navigation improvements took place in the 16th and 17th centuries. The government of King James established the Oxford-Burcot Commission in 1605 which began to improve the system of locks and weirs on the River Thames, which were opened between Oxford and Abingdon by 1635. In 1635 Sir Richard Weston was appointed to develop the River Wey Navigation, making Guildford accessible by 1653. In 1670 the Stamford Canal opened, indistinguishable from 18th century examples with a dedicated cut and double-door locks. In 1699 legislation was passed to permit the Aire & Calder Navigation which was opened 1703, and the Trent Navigation which was built by George Hayne and opened in 1712. Subsequently, the Kennet built by John Hore opened in 1723, the Mersey and Irwell opened in 1725, and the Bristol Avon in 1727. John Smeaton was the engineer of the Calder & Hebble which opened in 1758, and a series of eight pound locks was built to replace flash locks on the River Thames between Maidenhead and Reading, beginning in 1772.
The net effect of these was to bring most of England, with the notable exceptions of Birmingham and Staffordshire, within 15 miles (24 km) of a waterway
The British canal system of water transport played a vital role in the United Kingdom's Industrial Revolution at a time when roads were only just emerging from the medieval mud and long trains of pack horses were the only means of "mass" transit by road of raw materials and finished products (it was no accident that amongst the first canal promoters were the pottery manufacturers of Staffordshire). The UK was the first country to acquire a nationwide canal network.
Canals came into being because the Industrial Revolution (which began in Britain during the mid-18th century) demanded an economic and reliable way to transport goods and commodities in large quantities. Some 29 river navigation improvements took place in the 16th and 17th centuries starting with the Thames locks and the River Wey Navigation. The biggest growth was in the so-called "narrow" canals which extended water transport to the emerging industrial areas of the Staffordshire potteries and Birmingham as well as a network of canals joining Yorkshire and Lancashire and extending to London.
The 19th century saw some major new canals such as the Caledonian Canal and the Manchester Ship Canal. By the second half of the 19th century, many canals were increasingly becoming owned by railway companies or competing with them, and many were in decline, with decreases in mile-ton charges to try to remain competitive. After this the less successful canals (particularly narrow-locked canals, whose boats could only carry about thirty tons) failed quickly.
The 20th century brought competition from road-haulage, and only the strongest canals survived until the Second World War. After the war, decline of trade on all remaining canals was rapid, and by the mid 1960s only a token traffic was left, even on the widest and most industrial waterways.
In the 1960s the infant canal leisure industry was only just sufficient to prevent the closure of the still-open canals, but then the pressure to maintain canals for leisure purposes increased. From the 1970s onwards, increasing numbers of closed canals were restored by enthusiast volunteers. The success of these projects has led to the funding and use of contractors to complete large restoration projects and complex civil engineering projects such as the restoration of the Victorian Anderton Boat Lift and the new Falkirk Wheel rotating lift.
Restoration projects by volunteer-led groups continue. There is now a substantial network of interconnecting, fully navigable canals across the country. In places, serious plans are in progress by the Environment Agency and British Waterways Board for building new canals to expand the network, link isolated sections, and create new leisure opportunities for navigating 'canal rings', for example: the Fens Waterways Link and the Bedford and Milton Keynes Waterway.
Shropshire Union Canal at Wervin Cheshire Spring 2015
BN12 EOU is one of the former RATP-owned Epsom Coaches Mercedes Benz Citaros to enter service with ComfortDelGro-owned New Adventure Travel at Cardiff depot after conversion to single-door configuration,
They are frequent performers on Service X5 (Cardiff-Llanrumney-Newport-Ringland), which competes with services operated by both Cardiff Bus and Newport Transport.
In this early December 2018 shot, she is coming off the Old Green Interchange in Newport, whilst a Phil Anslow Alexander Dennis E20D, operating Service 24X (Newport-Cwmbran) in competition with Stagecoach's X24, is heading in the opposite direction.
this is in Highly Competitive-Flickr's 100 Best B/W
www.flickr.com/groups/best100bw/
Entered for jpgmag "On the Go" theme: www.jpgmag.com/photos/499723
Also used by primaloft.com for advertising at ISPO Munich www.ispo-winter.com/ this winter.
www.flickr.com/photos/xtremepeaks/2244874526/
Exhibited in Rio de Janeiro at FIEP Congress:
congressofiep.com/expofoto/index.asp?a=expo.asp
for purchase please email: ih.gedu [at] gmail[dot] com
Abellio route 3 is currently being converted from E400 double deck as seen here with 2453 to LT operation as seen with LT609. 2453 pauses at the intersection between Pall Mall and Waterloo Place in the shadow of the Wellington Monument.
Of secondary interest is the near-side advert that 2453 sports, advertising an ticket app for train travel. This must lead to a conflict of interest as a bus should be promoting buses and not train travel or is that the photographer being old-fashioned?
I’m competitive. My worst opponent is ME! When I compete against ME it is a knock ‘em dead, throw off the gloves, get down and all out dirty competition. I am my own worst enemy!
I never played sports like my other siblings. I was the ‘Artsy’ one.
However, I learned quickly the art of the committed Mama, cheerleader when our son played sports - though my husband, sometimes, chose not to sit with me. I remember the tension in one of the games our son played. It was a tied score with only a few seconds left on the clock. In that moment nothing else in the Universe mattered. I couldn’t take it. I got out of my seat and I summoned up with all my being the years of learning projection as a Drama Major at University and I yelled out to my son and made him a monetary offer he couldn’t refuse if he got the winning point. He moved as if in slow motion and with the stealth and ease of a honed athlete made the buzzer beater point.
Our side of the gym was giddy with laughter.
What does that have to do with the Lynx? Well, again, I was driving -
and again, Philip had the long lens. He was doing something with his camera when I slammed on the brakes.
This is the part of photography that I need to faithfully exercise. More discipline. My brain knows what to do but my emotions,
my voice and the adrenaline can get the better of me. I know I need to breathe. I know I need to practise more restraint. In my defence, I get so enthralled with seeing something so incredibly beautiful.
A couple of weeks ago I was the first to spot two of the largest moose that I had ever seen. I know they didn’t see me but they heard my squeals of delight. I was still in the jeep. They did not stick around to see what all the excitement was about…
Philip was totally unprepared but managed to jump out of the jeep when he too, spied the Lynx.
The Lynx appeared amused at the people who broke the humdrum of his otherwise boring day. It sat and watched the scene unfold…
The man was fumbling with something long and shiny as he got out of the vehicle. He cautiously moved closer and closer to him. Then the woman got out of the vehicle.
The man appeared agitated and was saying he had the wrong
settings - whatever that meant. The woman started pleading with the man. She claimed ownership and said it was her Lynx. She said she wanted the big long lens. The man kept pointing that thing at him.
The lady was emotional and started crying. She went back to the vehicle and brought out another big shiny thing. She pointed that thing at him too. Now two things were pointed at him but he just sat there, amused, waiting to see what other tricks they could do.
A few minutes later, the man gave the long thing to the lady. She stopped crying but then she started saying words he never heard before. She asked the man if he had the Extender on the lens.
The man said no, and she said she couldn’t focus. She was really mad. She said something about the photo of the year. Then the man took the long thing from her and he pointed it again. Then he said something about the focus point had been moved to the left and that’s why she couldn’t get the focus right. Now the lady was crying and laughing at the same time! These humans! They were so comical! He would stick around for a few more minutes and give them his best smile.
Even though the Lynx graced us with his presence for a good fifteen
minutes, we still did not get the shots that we should have gotten.
A comedy of errors that we need to learn from. I knew before I even checked that I did not get the shot. I was devastated. We had been given a gift and messed up the opportunity.
I was miserable for the rest of the night. I played the experience over and over again in my head as we drove the next four hours home. How could we have missed those shots? We were so close we could have pet him!
At the end of the day I have to reconcile that we were incredibly fortunate to have experienced a visit from a Lynx.
We do feel the necessity to save and invest in another lens. In the meantime though, I am relieved and feel very lucky that my husband still loves me and that despite my shortcomings, he still enjoys going on adventures with me - even in the same jeep!
if you’re not one for reading, I advise you to skip this passage on my thoughts haha
Right now at this moment, I can honestly say I miss my best friend. And when I say best friend, I really mean it. These days when people ask me who my best friend is, I always say “I don’t really have a best friend here, everyone’s equally my good friends.” The reason I answer that is because no one has ever had so much in common with me, been there for me, truly understand me and known me for the longest time than my best friend.
We’ve known each other since we were 6. We were friends right away. As more time went on, we realized we both played piano, both did competitive swimming, both lived in the same area and so much more. By the time we were in grade 6, we did everything together. Every day after school we would go home then call each other and talk about everything then meet up 15 minutes later to walk to swim practice together. We would complain about deadly practices every day, make jokes about our coach, skip practice and go to the waterslides all the time. Sometimes we would get caught and our coach would yell at us and give us a speech about responsibility haha. Then there are the piano performances that happen at school. I remember we performed a song together with her doing the right hand part and me doing the left hand part. We nailed that performance haha. Oh gosh just typing this is making me tear up….in a good way (‘:
I was really sad I had to leave everyone in grade 6 since I was moving to Canada but I was especially sad that I had to leave my best friend ):
Last summer I had the chance of going back to hong kong to visit everyone. I don’t think anybody will ever understand how happy I was. I swear it was the best feeling in the world, to be able to see my amazing friends after 3 long years. First day I went back I did what I used to do all the time, I called her (the same number, I still have it memorized till this day.) and asked when we could meet up for lunch. The thing is I was kinda scared, cause I haven’t talked to her for 3 years, but it didn’t surprise me when she said,” meet me now, where we used to meet before all the time. See you in 5.” (:
Thank you to everyone who took time to read this (:
Hope you all have a wonderful Wednesday! :D
p.s. thank you sooooooo much to the lovely NIKKO for the sweet testimonial! it means a whole lot to me so thank you very much! check his stream out!!! it's insanely creative and fun :D
ENTER MY PRINT GIVEAWAY, I'VE DECIDED I'M CLOSING IT NEXT WEEK.
p.s. thank you for the explored everyone! ♥
An athlete I coached in 1980's at Cleckheaton Athletics Stadium, West Yorkshire, UK 1982
From a selection of photos from my early days in photography in the 1980's using my first SLR camera a Konica FS1 and then my trusty Canon A1 using Iford FP4 and HP5 film processed at home in my darkroom. Those were the days!
Possibly: the diets of little blue heron and white ibises do overlap, but their hunting methods typically differ: herons are visual foragers and ibises usually immerse their bllls and detect prey by touch (Celery Fields, Sarasota, FL: Dec. 31, 2015)
This is an image depicting my competitive side, my demons. I love a good challenge. Beat me and I will be determined to get you next time, be beaten by me and I will be determined to keep that record intact. I've learnt over time to take a good look in the mirror once in a while because there's my real competition.
The outcome is still in the balance as the jockeys head out for the final circuit of the Perth Race Course.
300mm F11 1/100 ISO 160
A relatively rare sighting for me--BNSF and UP locomotives pulling the same train.
In Danville, Illinois.
First Cymru Wright StreetLite DF 47642 is captured swinging out of Ffordd-y-Mynydd, in the Birchgrove area of Swansea, during her first few weeks in service in May 2015.
Allocated to Port Talbot depot, she is operating Service 159 (Swansea-Birchgrove-Neath). This sees competition over certain sections of route from New Adventure Travel Service 30, which was acquired in April with the Skewen-based operations of Select Bus & Coach. Whereas NAT has continued to use Select's Darts, running hourly, First Cymru has upped its game by progressively increasing the Monday to Friday frequency from hourly to every 20 minutes and the Saturday frequency to half hourly, and now usually allocating up to six of its new StreetLites.
A shot from this years Caldy Sevens Rugby Tournament.
This year Caldy introduced a Coaches and Parents Touch Rugby Tournament, which proved extremely popular. I'm hoping it will now be an annual event.
Can I stress that nobody was injured in the making of this photograph ;)'
This is the dual cabinet competitive version of the 1997 Sega Motor Raid arcade game, from Out Run creator Yu Suzuki, in the mini-arcade inside the South Keys Cineplex-Odeon multiplex in Ottawa South.
It's a futuristic Akira-inspired motorcycle racing game, where you can knock other players off their bikes Road Rage-style.
What raised my ire is that the tagline below the logo reads, and I quote exactly, "No mercy for anyone who get's in the way." What? Why is there an apostrophe in "gets"? That is not correct punctuation! "Gets" is not a contraction! Sega of Japan needs a better proofreader! "I sure hope someone got fired for that one!" ;-)
For a while this operator ran some competitive services in Stevenage using VERY small minibuses (or is that big taxis). At least the destination display was better than a bit of cardboard in the windscreen! July 2001.
competitive unicyclist Joseph Boquiren working out on hilly road near Marquam Nature Park in Portland, Oregon
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Nikon FM3A, Voigtlander 58mm lens, Kodak Tri-X black and white film, developed in Ilfotec DD-X, printed at Portland Community College darkroom
Bara Imambara (Urdu: بڑا امامباڑا, Hindi: बड़ा इमामबाड़ा) is an imambara complex in Lucknow, India, built by Asaf-ud-Daula, Nawab of Lucknow, in 1784. It is also called the Asafi Imambara.
Bara means big, and an imambara is a shrine built by Shia Muslims for the purpose of Azadari. The Bara Imambara is among the grandest buildings of Lucknow.
The complex also includes the large Asfi mosque, the bhulbhulayah (the labyrinth), and bowli, a step well with running water. Two imposing gateways lead to the main hall.
Construction of Bara Imambara was started in 1785, a year of a devastating famine, and one of Asaf-ud-Daula's objectives in embarking on this grandiose project was to provide employment for people in the region. It is said that ordinary people used to work in the day building up the edifice, while noblemen and other elite worked at night. It was a project that preceded a Keynesian like intervention for employment generation. Construction of the Imambara was completed in 1791 and as per estimates cost of building Imambara ranges some where between half a million rupees to a million rupees. Even after completion Nawab used to spend four or fiven hundred thousand rupees on its decoration anually.
The architecture of the complex reflects the maturation of ornamented Mughal design, namely the Badshahi Mosque - it is one of the last major projects not incorporating any European elements or the use of iron. The main imambara consists of a large vaulted central chamber containing the tomb of Asaf-ud-Daula. At 50 by 16 meters and over 15 meters tall, it has no beams supporting the ceiling and is one of the largest such arched constructions in the world. There are eight surrounding chambers built to different roof heights, permitting the space above these to be reconstructed as a three-dimensional labyrinth with passages interconnecting with each other through 489 identical doorways. This part of the building, and often the whole complex, may be referred to as the bhulbhulayah. Known as a popular attraction, it is possibly the only existing maze in India and came about unintenionally to support the weight of the building which is constructed on marshy land. Asaf-ud-Daula also erected the 18 meter (59 foot) high Rumi Darwaza, just outside. This portal, embellished with lavish decorations, was the Imambara's west facing entrance.
The design of the Imambara was obtained through a competitive process. The winner was a Delhi architect Kifayatullah, who also lies buried in the main hall of the Imambara. It is another unique aspect of the building that the sponsor and the architect lie buried beside each other.
Source: Wikipedia