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To be played along with Frank Sinatra's "New York, New York"
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The Turkey Vulture:
The turkey vulture is a scavenger and feeds almost exclusively on carrion.[4]
Ecology and behavior
Spread-winged adult
The turkey vulture is gregarious and roosts in large community groups, breaking away to forage independently during the day. Several hundred vultures may roost communally in groups which sometimes even include black vultures. It roosts on dead, leafless trees, and will also roost on man-made structures such as water or microwave towers. Though it nests in caves, it does not enter them except during the breeding season.[6] The turkey vulture lowers its night-time body temperature by about 6 degrees Celsius to 34 °C (93 °F), becoming slightly hypothermic.[36]
This vulture is often seen standing in a spread-winged stance. The stance is believed to serve multiple functions: drying the wings, warming the body, and baking off bacteria. It is practiced more often following damp or rainy nights. This same behavior is displayed by other New World vultures, by Old World vultures, and by storks.[7] Like storks, the turkey vulture often defecates on its own legs, using the evaporation of the water in the feces and/or urine to cool itself, a process known as urohidrosis.[46] It cools the blood vessels in the unfeathered tarsi and feet, and causes white uric acid to streak the legs.[47] The turkey vulture has few natural predators. Adult, immature and fledging vultures may fall prey to great horned owls, red-tailed hawks, golden eagles and bald eagles, while eggs and nestlings may be preyed on by mammals such as raccoons and opossums.[7][27][48][49][50] Foxes can occasionally ambush an adult but species that can climb are more likely to breach and predate nests than adults.[51] Its primary form of defense is regurgitating semi-digested meat, a foul-smelling substance which deters most creatures intent on raiding a vulture nest.[6] It will also sting if the predator is close enough to get the vomit in its face or eyes. In some cases, the vulture must rid its crop of a heavy, undigested meal in order to take flight to flee from a potential predator.[34] Its life expectancy in the wild ranges upward of 16 years, with a captive life span of over 30 years being possible.[52][53]
The turkey vulture is awkward on the ground with an ungainly, hopping walk. It requires a great deal of effort to take flight, flapping its wings while pushing off the ground and hopping with its feet.[34] While soaring, the turkey vulture holds its wings in a shallow V-shape and often tips from side to side, frequently causing the gray flight feathers to appear silvery as they catch the light. The flight of the turkey vulture is an example of static soaring flight, in which it flaps its wings very infrequently, and takes advantage of rising thermals to stay soaring.[54]
Breeding
The breeding season of the turkey vulture varies according to latitude.[55] In the southern United States, it commences in March, peaks in April to May, and continues into June.[56] In more northerly latitudes, the season starts later and extends into August.[57] Courtship rituals of the turkey vulture involve several individuals gathering in a circle, where they perform hopping movements around the perimeter of the circle with wings partially spread. In the air, one bird closely follows another while flapping and diving.[44]
One chick immediately hatched and one egg not yet hatched
Eggs are generally laid in the nesting site in a protected location such as a cliff, a cave, a rock crevice, a burrow, inside a hollow tree, or in a thicket. There is little or no construction of a nest; eggs are laid on a bare surface. Females generally lay two eggs, but sometimes one and rarely three. The eggs are cream-colored, with brown or lavender spots around their larger end.[44] Both parents incubate, and the young hatch after 30 to 40 days. Chicks are altricial, or helpless at birth. Both adults feed the chicks by regurgitating food for them, and care for them for 10 to 11 weeks. When adults are threatened while nesting, they may flee, or they may regurgitate on the intruder or feign death.[6] If the chicks are threatened in the nest, they defend themselves by hissing and regurgitating.[44] The young fledge at about nine to ten weeks. Family groups remain together until fall.[44]
Feeding
The turkey vulture feeds primarily on a wide variety of carrion, from small mammals to large grazers, preferring those recently dead, and avoiding carcasses that have reached the point of putrefaction. They may rarely feed on plant matter, shoreline vegetation, pumpkin, coconut[58] and other crops, live insects and other invertebrates.[44] In South America, turkey vultures have been photographed feeding on the fruits of the introduced oil palm.[59][60][61] They rarely, if ever, kill prey themselves.[62] The turkey vulture can often be seen along roadsides feeding on roadkill, or near bodies of water, feeding on washed-up fish.[4] They also will feed on fish or insects which have become stranded in shallow water.[6] Like other vultures, it plays an important role in the ecosystem by disposing of carrion which would otherwise be a breeding ground for disease.[63]
The turkey vulture forages by smell, an ability that is uncommon in the avian world, often flying low to the ground to pick up the scent of ethyl mercaptan, a gas produced by the beginnings of decay in dead animals.[7] The olfactory lobe of its brain, responsible for processing smells, is particularly large compared to that of other animals.[7] This heightened ability to detect odors allows it to search for carrion below the forest canopy. King vultures, black vultures, and condors, which lack the ability to smell carrion, follow the turkey vulture to carcasses. The turkey vulture arrives first at the carcass, or with greater yellow-headed vultures or lesser yellow-headed vultures, which also share the ability to smell carrion.[7] It displaces the yellow-headed vultures from carcasses due to its larger size,[63] but is displaced in turn by the king vulture and both types of condor, which make the first cut into the skin of the dead animal. This allows the smaller, weaker-billed turkey vulture access to food, because it cannot tear the tough hides of larger animals on its own. This is an example of mutual dependence between species.[64]
Relationship with humans
The turkey vulture is sometimes accused of carrying anthrax or hog cholera, both livestock diseases, on its feet or bill by cattle ranchers and is therefore occasionally perceived as a threat.[65] However, the virus that causes hog cholera is destroyed when it passes through the turkey vulture's digestive tract.[34] This species also may be perceived as a threat by farmers due to the similar black vulture's tendency to attack and kill newborn cattle. The turkey vulture does not kill live animals but will mix with flocks of black vultures and will scavenge what they leave behind. Nonetheless, its appearance at a location where a calf has been killed gives the incorrect impression that the turkey vulture represents a danger to calves.[66] The droppings produced by turkey vultures and other vultures can harm or kill trees and other vegetation.[67] The turkey vulture can be held in captivity, though the Migratory Bird Treaty Act prevents this in the case of uninjured animals or animals capable of returning to the wild.[68] In captivity, it can be fed fresh meat, and younger birds will gorge themselves if given the opportunity.[34] web.archive.org/web/20131226081614/http://info.kyha.com/K...
The turkey vulture species receives special legal protections under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 in the United States,[8] by the Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds in Canada,[69] and by the Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals in Mexico.[69] In the US it is illegal to take, kill, or possess turkey vultures, and violation of the law is punishable by a fine of up to $15,000 and imprisonment of up to six months.[68] It is listed as a species of Least Concern by the IUCN Red List. Populations appear to remain stable, and it has not reached the threshold of inclusion as a threatened species, which requires a decline of more than 30 percent in 10 years or three generations.[1]
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_vulture
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This particular tree at Long Run Park was cut down eary this year, taking away this long-time vulture habitat and roosting tree.
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Located in the heart of San Francisco’s vibrant Mission Bay district, the UCSF Mission Bay campus stands as a beacon of cutting-edge healthcare and research. Opened in 2003, this campus was designed to foster interdisciplinary collaboration, integrating academia, research, and clinical care into one cohesive environment. The modern architecture is instantly recognizable, with sleek glass façades reflecting the ever-changing Bay Area sky, a symbol of transparency and forward-thinking design. The building in the attached photo showcases the architectural ambition of the campus, with its striking angular glass surfaces designed to catch and manipulate light. This specific structure houses a variety of UCSF’s top-tier programs in health sciences, fostering breakthrough discoveries.
Beyond its architectural significance, UCSF Mission Bay holds an important place in the local community and on a global scale. The expansive campus spans over 57 acres and includes several buildings, labs, and clinics. It is particularly well known for the UCSF Medical Center at Mission Bay, a state-of-the-art hospital that opened in 2015, specializing in pediatric, cancer, and women’s health services.
Insiders to the city often tout UCSF Mission Bay as one of San Francisco’s architectural gems. The integration of natural landscaping around its structures creates a serene environment conducive to both research and patient care. Proximity to local parks and waterfront areas only enhances its appeal. Whether you're exploring the health sciences or simply admiring its contemporary design, UCSF Mission Bay is a landmark of modern achievement in architecture, medicine, and community engagement.
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