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“A better kind of medicine for a better kind of world….” – Dr. C. F. Menninger
At the turn of the century, psychiatric hospitals were asylums, places for long-term care. The Topeka State Hospital, regarded as state-of-the-art in its day, was built in 1872 to provide “rest cure”. 70% of state hospital patients would remain hospitalized for life. Many patients had no further contact with their families. Problems ranging from patient neglect, abuse, forced sterilizations of patients, and the murder of a therapist by a patient plagued the Topeka State Hospital through its history. It lost its accreditation in 1988, and closed in 1997. The main building was demolished in 2010.
The Menninger Diagnostic Clinic opened in 1919, much to the chagrin of concerned citizens who feared a “maniac ward.” Because of the stigma of mental illness, the doctors had to bring patients in under erroneous diagnoses.
In 1925, Dr. C.F. Menninger, with sons Karl and Will, opened a 13-bed Sanitarium and Psychopathic Hospital in Topeka. They believed that mental illness could not only be treated, but cured. By 1935, Fortune magazine praised the Menninger Clinic as the “best private hospital west of the Alleghenies”. The Menningers worked collaboratively with other physicians to develop cooperative diagnosis and treatments for patients. Moods, emotions, and anxieties were treated as scientifically as temperatures and infections.
The doctors of the Menninger Clinic developed milieu therapy. All aspects of the patients’ experiences were to be therapeutic. Everyone from housekeepers to psychiatrists was involved in patient care. The Menningers hired artists to lead drawing, painting and sculpture classes. Patients worked in gardens, in the shops, and other activities that would increase their skills and confidence.
Dr. Will served in the U.S. Surgeon General’s Office, and helped develop mental health care for the military’s 2.5 million World War II veterans in need of mental health treatment. One hundred doctors joined the clinic to work with the Veterans Administration. Dr. Karl and Dr. Will wrote books, lectured, toured, and advocated for mental health. Dr. Will’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is still used in psychiatric training and practice. Topeka became the largest psychiatric training center in America.
"...Our conception of psychiatric hospitals here is not confinement; we think they are places in which to be treated, places in which to learn to understand one's self, to learn how to live." – Dr. Karl Menninger
In the 1940s – 1950s, the Menningers worked to reform state hospitals, including the Topeka State Hospital. After 5 years, the Menningers’ reform led to 80% of patients returning home after one year.
Dr. Will was on the cover of Time magazine in 1948, and Dr. Karl was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1981, the only psychiatrists to be so honored. The Menninger Clinic in Topeka closed in 2003. The Menninger Clinic and Foundation is now affiliated with Baylor University and the Methodist Hospital System in Houston, Texas, and is a world leader in psychiatric treatment, research, and education.
Info from: www.menningerclinic.com/about/Menninger-history.htm
Blessed are you who look into the depths
from your throne upon the cherubim,
praiseworthy and exalted above all forever.
-part of the canticle of Daniel
/*****************
House of India, Klaus Schulze
Evangelist of Korean Culture in Cyber “Yu Hwang Wu Korean Language Classroom”
Efforts and activities of about 35,000 Vank members, having performed cyber diplomatic mission through internet for 10 years since its establishment in 1999, to inform people in the world of Korea in a proper way, are well-known through mass communication.
As Vank in online, Yu Hwang-Wu,CEO of Yu Hwang Wu Korean Language Classroom, who plays a role as a private envoy in silence by informing netizens in the world of Korean culture and history through famous overseas sites such as Wikipedia, Flickr and Social Actions, is at issue.
Mr. Yu is being introduced one after another to the overseas press, excellent websites and blogs by recording English columns related to Korean education such as admissions office system, university entrance examination and essay education in Flickr and International Business Times as well as by introducing about Korean culture and history through internet.
Data, made out on the basis of Mr. Yu’s field knowledge and long know-how, is checked in United States Yahoo, Google, CNN iReport, Social Actions, Mahalo, openPR NEWS, SPEEPLE NEWS and cnblogs (博客园新闻频道).
Mr. Yu, a representative of Yu Hwang Wu Korean Language Classroom, emphasized “It is a valuable social obligation of each netizen to set up Korean position in the world in a proper way by letting people in the world know about Korean assets such as Korean culture, history and education through internet, facing the 64th anniversary of Independence Day of Korea”
Source from
Members of the IC Buddhist Community meditate Tuesday in Muller Chapel. The group hosts open meditation sessions at the beginning and end of their weekly meetings. For more on meditation at IC, visit us here: theithacan.org/8899
Graham Hebel/The Ithacan
Deep Creek Middle School and The Island School come together to work on community projects during the semester. Last week, they met their buddies!
Built in: 2009
Manufacturer: New Flyer Industries
Model: DE60LFA
At a repair shop in Bloomington, MN for a checkup before delivery.
The Scholastica Baths, built in 1st century CE, included the budding versions of many modern conveniences. Ephesus had advanced public works, including municipal toilets with more than a dozen marble seats in place that can still be seen (and sat on, but please don't use) to this day.
A series of 36 holes designed to handle your business stretch across three long benches, and a trough where relatively clean water would be flowing lies near your feet. Toilet paper being a fairly modern convenience in this part of the world, the trough was used to dampen your sponge on a stick (known as a "tersorium") for personal cleansing, and then to "rinse off" said sponge. In the absence of flowing trough water, a bucket of salt water or vinegar water would be used, much to the irritation of everyone's nether regions.
The waste channels hidden within the murky innards of the city were deep for the standards of the times, between 2 and 4 meters depending on location. It is said that if things were chilly, the high-rolling Ephesians would send their slaves down to warm the seats for them in anticipation of their arrival. To garner use of the luxury of plumbing, one had to pay a fee to enter, and citizens enjoyed a small pool, mosaic floors and pleasant company while socializing in the public loo.
-Atlas Obscura
The Community Bookstore in Carrol Gardens. Packed to the rafters with crusty goodness. The guy who runs the place smokes like a chimney. It's a recipe for disaster.
Examples of the 'miniature chapel' style of grave markers.
Magdalena Community Cemetery
Magdalena, New Mexico
Dec 2016
This bus was purchased used from Bridgman Public Schools. It was maintained by Lakeshore Public Schools during the time it served Bridgman.
Run by a team of volunteers, with support from Dorset library services in the form of bookstock, computer/catalogue access, and regular visits from a community liaison librarian.
Visited by members of the Taskforce team.
Photo credit: Julia Chandler/Libraries Taskforce
The Prince of Wales hosted a reception for people living in Britain who are part of the West African community this evening.
©Clarence House, 2011
Formerly known as the Chesley Centennial Park this greenspace is over 2 acres in size, the largest park in the community. The park is protected forever from urban development as part of the condition of bequeathing it to the town. The park includes a river (where many of us learned to swim), skateboard park, 4 ball diamonds, playground, splash pad, picnic areas, modern swimming pool and tobagganing hill.
This photo was taken at insomnia58
Find out more about Multiplay, watch our videos and see all the latest news on the website, facebook and twitter.
Photo by Katy Eyre/iEventMedia.co.uk
The PICK's weekday run passes the Belton Community Center on its way to interchange with the Greenville & Western.
(Karen Kasmauski/MCSP). A clinic was set up to serve the fishing community, oil rigs are off shoreused vaccine and medication bottles at the regional hospital
The Prince of Wales hosted a reception for people living in Britain who are part of the West African community this evening.
©Clarence House, 2011
Community - Like family, community is another circle of stones – but in this case there are far more stones and each is unique and separate. But in making up the circle, they become something new – a united whole.
H. imshaugii with community on street tree,
Unlike the preceeding Xylaria, as with most lichens the entire organism is visible. The branching structure is the thallus or body. One sees a white upper surface, below which is a layer of relatively loose hyphae which includes the green algal photobiont, then a hollow chamber, then another layer of loose hyphae, and finally a black lower surface. The Hypogymnia on the upper right (a different species) has brown apothecia which produce spores sexually. Both have black (speckles) pycnidia which produce spores asexually.
Church near. The community is made up of diverse religions.
Credit: ©2014CIAT/GeorginaSmith
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Restaurant Gala Committee
From left: Chelsea Pizzi, public relations and social media specialist, Atlantic Cape; Jean McAlister, associate dean, Atlantic Cape, Continuing Education Operations; Roman Osadchuk, RPO Realtors; Chef Joe Massaglia, Mama Mia's Ristorante & Catering; Dr. Patricia Gentile, dean, Continuing Education, Resource Development and Cape May County Campus Operations; Diane T. McKoy, president, Atlantic Cape Community College Foundation Board of Directors; Justine Coyle, co-chair, Restaurant Gala Committee; Christine Lane, Atlantic Cape Community College Foundation Board; Fran Coppola, co-chair, Restaurant Gala Committee; Dave Coombs, Print Art, Inc., Kathy Corbalis, executive director of College Relations; Ted Lippman, Fedway Associates; Sybil Victor, Atlantic City Fire Dept.; Lauren Canzanese, program specialist, Resource Development; John "Scannicchio" Varalli, Scannicchio's; Dr. Theresa DeFranco, superintendent of Margate schools; and Dr. Peter L. Mora, president of Atlantic Cape.