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British postcard. in the Picturegoer Series, London Films, no. 1049. Photo: London Films. Publicity still for Sanders of the River (Zoltan Korda, 1935).
Paul Robeson (1898-1976) was a handsome, eloquent, and highly charismatic actor and singer, who became one of the foremost interpreters of Eugene O'Neill's plays and one of the most treasured names in song during the first half of the twentieth century. With his powerful bass singing voice, Robeson made an evergreen of the song 'Old Man River'. He starred in The Emperor Jones (1933), the first film to feature an African American in a starring role. At the height of his popularity in the 1930s, Robeson became a major box office attraction in British films. In the USA, he courted disdain and public controversy for most of his career as a staunch Cold War-era advocate for human rights, as well as his very vocal support for Joseph Stalin and the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956. While the backlash of his civil rights activities and left-wing ideology left him embittered and practically ruined his career, he remains today a durable symbol of racial pride and consciousness.
Paul LeRoy Bustill Robeson was born in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1898. His siblings were William, Benjamin, Reeve, and Marian Robeson. Their father, William Drew Robeson, was a humble Presbyterian minister and former slave. In 1900, a disagreement between William and white financial supporters of the Witherspoon church arose with apparent racial undertones. William, who had the support of his entirely black congregation, resigned in 1901. The loss of his position forced him to work menial jobs. The young, impressionable Paul grew up singing spirituals in his father's church. He was only six when he and his four siblings, William, Benjamin, Reeve, Marian, lost their mother, Maria Louisa Bustill, a schoolteacher. She was nearly blind and died in a stove fire accident at home. His father then raised the family singlehandedly. Paul was a natural athlete and the tall, strapping high school fullback had no trouble earning a scholarship to prestigious Rutgers University in 1915. At the age of 17, he became only the third member of his race to be admitted at the time. He excelled in football, baseball, basketball, and track, and field, and was the class valedictorian. In his speech, he was already preaching idealism. Paul subsequently played professional football to earn money while attending Columbia University's law school, and also took part in amateur dramatics. During this time he met and married Eslanda Cardozo Goode in 1921. She eventually became his personal assistant. Following graduation, he obtained work at a New York law firm, but quit when a stenographer refused to copy a memo, telling him, "I never take diction from a n*****." His wife persuaded him to play Simon in Ridgely Torrence's 'Simon the Cyrenian' at the Harlem YMCA in 1921. This was followed by his Broadway debut the following year as Jim in Mary Hoyt Wiborg's play 'Taboo', a drama set in Africa, which also went to London. As a result, he was asked to join the Provincetown Players, a Greenwich Village theatre group that included in its membership playwright Eugene O'Neill. Gary Brumburgh at IMDb: "O'Neill personally asked Paul to star in his plays 'All God's Chillun Got Wings' and 'The Emperor Jones' in 1924. The reaction from both critics and audiences alike was electrifying...an actor was born." In 1925, he sang the first concert recital consisting solely of black spirituals, at the Greenwich Village Theatre in New York. That year, he also made his film debut starring in Body and Soul (Oscar Micheaux, 1925). Gary Brumburgh: "a rather murky melodrama that nevertheless was ahead of its time in its depictions of black characters. Although Robeson played a scurrilous, corrupt clergyman who takes advantage of his own people, his dynamic personality managed to shine through." Radio and recordings helped spread his name across foreign waters. His resonant bass was a major highlight in the London production of Jerome Kern's and Oscar Hammerstein II's 'Show Boat'. The role of Joe, the deckhand, was written for him, but because of schedule conflicts and Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.'s delay in putting on the show, he had been unable to star in the first stage production but played the role in London five months later. His rendition of "Ol' Man River" became the benchmark for all future performers of the song. In 1928, he made the second-ever recording of 'Ol' Man River'. (Bing Crosby did the first). Show Boat continued for 350 performances. At the time no U.S. company would hire Robeson and so, he remained in London to play the role of William Shakespeare's 'Othello' in 1930. Paul caused a slight stir by co-starring opposite a white actress, Peggy Ashcroft, who played Desdemona. After his wife Essie discovered Robeson had been having an affair with Ashcroft, she decided to seek a divorce and they split up. Around this time Robeson starred in the film Borderline (Kenneth MacPherson, 1930), a silent film that dealt strongly with racial themes. Stephen Bourne at BFI Screen-on-Line: "Black characters in American cinema of the period rarely moved beyond Al Jolson in blackface, or the dim-witted buffoons played by comedy actors like Stepin Fetchit. For the ambitious Robeson, there were hardly any opportunities to play challenging roles." In 1931, he returned to the stage in the O'Neill play 'The Hairy Ape'. The following year he appeared in a Broadway revival of 'Show Boat' again as Joe, to critical and popular acclaim. In the same production, Helen Morgan repeated her original 1927 performance as the half-caste role of Julie, but the white actress Tess Gardella played the role of Queenie in her customary blackface opposite Robeson. In 1932, Ashcroft and Robeson's relationship ended. Robeson and Essie reconciled, although their relationship was scarred permanently.
Throughout the 1930s, Paul Robeson spent most of his time singing and performing in England. He also was given the opportunity to recapture two of his greatest stage successes on film: The Emperor Jones (Dudley Murphy, 1933) and Show Boat (James Whale, 1936), with Irene Dunne, Helen Morgan, and Hattie McDaniel. His performance of 'Old Man River' in this film version of Show Boat became legendary, both for its quality and for Robeson’s purposeful changing of the lyrics "I'm tired of livin' and 'feared of dyin’" to the more activist "I must keep fightin' until I'm dying". In Britain, he played Bosambo in Sanders of the River (Zoltan Korda, 1935), which he felt would render a realistic view of colonial African culture. It made Robeson an international film star. Stephen Bourne: "When Robeson became a major star in British films in the mid-1930s, he negotiated for roles that projected a positive image of a black man, roles that broke away from one-dimensional and offensive racial stereotypes. But he often found himself in conflict with an industry that glorified the British Empire and colonialism. This was certainly the case with his first commercial film, Sanders of the River (d. Zoltan Korda, 1935), one of a cycle of imperial adventures produced by Alexander Korda for London Films."Robeson also appeared in such British films as Song of Freedom (J. Elder Wills, 1936), King Solomon's Mines (Robert Stevenson, Geoffrey Barkas, 1937), Jericho (Thornton Freeland, 1937), and The Proud Valley (Pen Tennyson, 1940), set in a Welsh coal-mining town. After returning to America, Robeson played a sharecropper in a segment of the Hollywood movie Tales of Manhattan (Julien Duvivier, 1942) but, after the film was released, he was criticised for perpetuating a racist stereotype. Robeson agreed with his critics and volunteered to join protestors outside cinemas where the film was being shown. He said he wouldn't make any more films until there were better roles for blacks. During the 1930s he gravitated strongly towards economics and politics with a burgeoning interest in social activism. In 1934 he made the first of several trips to the Soviet Union and outwardly extolled the Soviet way of life and his belief that it lacked racial bias, despite the Holodomor and the later Rootless Cosmopolitan Campaign. He was a popular figure in Wales where he became personally involved in their civil rights affairs, notably the Welsh miners. Developing a marked leftist ideology, he continued to criticize the blatant discrimination he found so prevalent in America. In 1939, he premiered Earl Robinson’s multi-ethnic cantata 'Ballad for Americans' on CBS radio, which he would eventually perform in twenty-five languages. In addition to his creative work, Robeson used his personal prominence to push for social and political reform. He supported the Spanish partisans against Franco’s fascist Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War, raised funds for refugees from Hitler’s Germany well before such activities were fashionable, and organized a coalition that challenged President Truman to support an anti-lynching law in 1945. The 1940s was a mixture of performance triumphs and poignant, political upheavals. While his title run in the musical drama 'John Henry' (1940), was short-lived, he earned widespread acclaim for his Broadway 'Othello' in 1943 opposite José Ferrer as Iago and Uta Hagen as Desdemona. This production is still the longest-running non-musical production of a Shakespeare play ever to be staged in the United States, due almost entirely to Robeson's enormous popularity. He appeared in a World War II-era U.S. Government War Department propaganda film, Easy to Get, aimed at combating the spread of venereal diseases among black soldiers. In the film, Robeson appears at the end in his capacity as a celebrity football star and singer to advise viewers to stay "clean". By this time, however, Robeson was being reviled by much of white America for his outspoken civil rights speeches against segregation and lynchings, particularly in the South. A founder of the Progressive Party, an independent political party, his outdoor concerts sometimes ignited violence and he was now a full-blown target for "Red Menace" agitators. In 1946, he denied under oath being a member of the Communist Party but steadfastly refused to refute the accusations under subsequent probes. His continued support for the Soviet Union became even more controversial after Stalin publicly turned against Israel in November 1948. As a result, his passport was withdrawn and he became engaged in legal battles for nearly a decade in order to retrieve it. Adding fuel to the fire was his only son's (Paul Jr.) marriage to a white woman in 1949 and his being awarded the Stalin Peace Prize in 1952. He was unable to receive it until 1958 when his passport was returned to him.
Paul Robeson was essentially blacklisted, and tainted press statements continued to hound him. He began performing less and less in America. Despite his growing scorn towards America, he never gave up his American citizenship although the anguish of it all led to a couple of suicide attempts, nervous breakdowns, and a dependency on drugs. Europe was a different story. The people continued to hold him in high regard as an artist above reproach. He had a command of about 20 languages and wound up giving his last acting performance in Tony Richardson's production of 'Othello' at Stratford-on-Avon in 1959. Although he did give a few interviews on television, he never played any dramatic or musical roles in that medium. In 1960, in what was his final concert performance in Great Britain, Robeson sang to raise money for the Movement for Colonial Freedom at the Royal Festival Hall. In October 1960, Robeson embarked on a two-month concert tour of Australia and New Zealand with Essie. While in Sydney, he became the first major artist to perform at the construction site of the future Sydney Opera House. Back in London, Robeson expressed a desire to return to the United States and participate in the civil rights movement, while his wife argued that he would be unsafe there and "unable to make any money" due to government harassment. His health suddenly took a turn for the worse and he finally returned to the United States in 1963. His poet/wife Eslanda Robeson died of cancer two years later. Double pneumonia and a kidney blockage in 1965 nearly killed Robeson too. Robeson moved in with his son's family in New York City. He remained in poor health for pretty much the rest of his life. His last years were spent in Harlem at his sister's house in near-total isolation, denying all interviews and public correspondence. At a Carnegie Hall tribute to mark his 75th birthday in 1973, he was unable to attend, but a taped message from him was played that said: "Though I have not been able to be active for several years, I want you to know that I am the same Paul, dedicated as ever to the worldwide cause of humanity for freedom, peace, and brotherhood." In 1976, Paul Robeson died at age 77 of complications from a stroke. He was interred in the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. Among his many honours: he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1995; he received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998; was honored with a postage stamp during the 'Black Heritage' series, and both a Cultural Center at Penn State University and a high school in Brooklyn bear his name. In 1995 his autobiography 'Here I Stand' was published in England in 1958. His son, Paul Robeson Jr., also chronicled a book about his father, 'Undiscovered Paul Robeson: An Artist's Journey' in 2001. When appearing before HUAC, the Committee asked him why he didn't relocate to Russia. He replied: "Because my father was a slave, and my people died to build this country, and I am going to stay right here and have a part of it just like you."
Sources: Gary Brumburgh (IMDb), Stephen Bourne (BFI Screen-on-Line), Ronnie D. Lankford, Jr. (AllMusic), Find A Grave, Wikipedia, and IMDb.
And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
I found this box of matches with only one unused match. So I took a photo of it and played a little with Photoshop.
Here you find another one:
www.flickr.com/photos/tschiae/8395137978/in/photostream
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Camera: Canon EOS 60D
Focal Length: 100mm
Aperture: f/20
1.6 sec
ISO: 400
press "L" for the best view
One of two trinket boxes I made for the Potion Shoppe, the Eurobricks collaborative display at Brickworld Chicago 2019.
Dea Vivente doll's personal box handmade by myself.
More information about my dolls at: deavivente.com
This oversized shoe box has been Captain's go to resting spot since I brought it home a couple weeks ago. He can rest his head on the side.
before the advent of modern communications equipment (radios), the police had to rely on these distintive telephones, which were connected directly to the local police station. the 'bobby on the beat' could report unusual happenings, or request assitance; the blue light atop would flash if a beat office was required to call the station.
this style of police box was introduced in the 1920's, and usually contained the following items: normally contained, for the use of officers; a first aid kit, an incident book, a stool, a table, brushes and dusters, a fire extinguisher and a small electric heater. no cuddly toy, though.
the bbc holds the trademark for this design, using it in the popular (and recently revived) program doctor who.
It's a work in progress... I still need to sew it together, finish the edges, add a lining and maybe handles. It started out as a bag... but HEY... I have never made a box before!
See it finished here.
Surrey, England.Taken with Leica IIIb (1938) with Leitz Elmar Red Scale (1953) with UV filter & Ilford HP5 Film. © DSAM7 all rights reserved.
Small box with a vintage advertisement for Champagne Taittinger from Reims, France. I bought this at a garage sale for 25 cents. At the time I bought this, I had no idea what I was going to do with it, and as always, I found a use for it after I brought it home. This often happens when I buy things at garage sales. I found this picture online when I googled "Champagne Taittinger advertisement", and learned that the woman in the black dress is Grace Kelly, the American actress who became the Princess of Monaco. (Pic also on Facebook & Instagram)
When people ask me if I'm Matt, and assume "Unpacking" is some kind of thinly-veiled autobiography, I can prove it's fiction by pointing to the fact that unpacking my boxes is one of the first things I do whenever I move.
Also: I am not nearly as sarcastic.
Swinderby signal-box a listed Midland Railway Type 3b box opened on 6th January 1901, and fitted with a 16 lever frame the same as most boxes on this line. The signal-box looks to be in a much more original condition that Fiskerton an identical box seen in the the previous photo, the windows are in the original style but look to be modern replacements, also you do not see many signal-boxes these days with a veranda complete with handrails.
Ref No 3.2016 11 02 021.
Copyright © Keith Long - All rights reserved.
Swirled Mountain Box (José Meeusen)
Each box is folded from a single uncut square.
Spotted this design in a recent "story" shared by José Meeusen
@xephirart on Instagram.
I made these for my sewing room with trim that was going to be discarded from some work done in our building.
See how-to and more photos in my blog.
I found this old wooden box with metal studs just sitting on the bed. It was square, and it spoke to me of an interesting history and being treasured & loved by its owner
In 1942 the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy modified some of their 50' automobile boxcars to carry wings of B-26 Marauder bombers to an Army Air Corps assembly plant near Omaha. The CB&Q shops built 26" high side extensions and reattached the old roof to the raised sides. The wings were loaded and unloaded through the hinged doors on the 'A' end of the boxcar.
After the war these cars were used for high cube, lightweight loads such as appliances and furniture. The cars fared poorly in their new assignment — those types of loads weren't as robust as airplane wings — with cargo damage often the result of excess sway. Eventually the boxcars were put into general service alongside normal-height 50' cars.
Ted Richardson built this "Bomber Box" from a Sunshine Models resin kit. He also painted, decaled, and weathered the model. Photo by Mark Mathu.
Visit the HO scale club on-line at www.napmltd.com.
This deserted signal box once controlled traffic at the intersection of the STEFER narrow-gauge line to Grotte Celoni and ATAC urban tramways at Porta Maggiore in Rome - picture taken in 1977
These two red telephone boxes were not in the greatest condition but they both had working telephones in them.
I enjoyed my visit to Coventry thanks for all your comments on my pictures.
In Southchurch Road, City of Southend-On-Sea, Essex. The post box was made by Andrew Handyside and Co Ltd at the Britannia Works, Derby.
As the aperture is not close off, I am assuming that this post box is still in use.
Photo taken in October 2022.
This box was still in use when we lived in Attleborough, including staff coming out to manually close the level crossing gates.
Sometime in the last ten years, the signalling moved to Cambridge and the gates were automated. I am not sure of the plans for the box.
Concert Balkan Beat Box au Bikini à Toulouse le 02/06/2011
Serie in Black... here...
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The substantial Caledonian Railway type N3 signal box at Fouldubs Junction was built in 1908 with a 77 lever frame that was increased to 80 levers in 1951 before being reduced to 40 levers in 1972 after the locking was overhauled. It stands at the junction of the one time Orchardhall branch which wasn't actually a branch but a through line to Falkirk via Bainsford Junction. It was the fact either end belonged to different companies the North British and the Caledonian which got it the designation a branch line. It closed in 1968 as a through route although the eastern end between the British Aluminium Plant at Orchardhall and here at Fouldubs Junction remained operational until 1991. The box is located on the freight only Grangemouth branch and now just controls movements towards Grangemouth Docks and Grangemouth Oil Refinery as well as adjacent freight terminal sidings.
Being a freight line I guess there was plenty of spare time between trains hence the signalman's splendid array of Geraniums in the box windows and the raised bed veg plot at the foot of the box steps.